Table of contents

This work was conducted to study the protective role of Moringa oliefera seeds extract (MSE) against the toxic effect of commercial lead nanoparticles (CPbNP) in rats. Twenty eight albino male rats were divided into four groups (seven animals in each one) as follow: (A) control group, (B) 160mg/kg body weight per day (b. wt./d.) of M. oliefera (MSE)seed extract, (C): 5mg CPbNP/kg b. wt./d. and (D): MSE + CPbNP. The experimental period was 45 days. Blood was drawn for protein and enzyme estimation at the end of the period of exposure. The rats were dissected and the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle were isolated for Pb estimation. Results showed that the levels of bioaccumulated lead, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde were significantly increased in exposed animals to CPbNP (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was a significant reduction of total proteins, albumin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase enzyme activities (P < 0. 05) in comparison to control. But the administration of the CPbNP with MSE, all the above biochemical changes were improved significantly. It is concluded that CPbNP has a significant toxic effect on rats, and that seed extract of M. Oleifera can reduce it.

The inhibitory activity of 5 plant extracts, Allium sativum, Opuntia ficus-indica, Malva parviflora, Mentha spicata and Plantago lanceolata with concentration 50 % and 100 % were assessed against the mycelial growth of Pythium fungus in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that all the concentrations of plant extracts give significant inhibition in the mycelial growth of Pythium fungus; the highest concentration (100 %) prevented large amounts of mycelial growth followed by lower concentration (50 %) of plant extracts. Opuntia extract at 100 % concentration gave great effective in inhibition of Pythium's mycelial production, which gave 100 per cent inhibition ratio while 50 per cent concentration gave 77.28 % inhibition ratio followed by other plant extracts, Mentha, Allium sativum, Plantago, then Malva respectively. In vivo experiments, tomato seed infused in five plant extracts separately and then sown with soil contaminated with Pythium fungus and watered after that with these five plant extracts. After 30 days, the length of the stems and roots were measured in centimetres. While the tomato seeds which were soaked with distilled water and then sown in polluted soil with fungus Pythium, and watered with distilled water (control) did not show any growth.

The most important features that we have reached through this study, are shown the cross-section of root were in the secondary growth stage and the epidermis of leaf were studded by stomata complex, the type of it was anomocytic that's mean no have subsidiary cells around the guard cells, the mesophyll bifacial also the midrib region of leaf like the pear and the vascular bundle located in the center crescent in shape. The cross-sections of petiole ovate shape with two ears in the lateral side and the vascular bundles crescent in shape. The cross-section of fruits circular component of three-layer the outer layer pericarp, mesocarp, and the endocarp, surrounding the ovary or the seeds.

Objective: This project aimed to study the morphological description and histological structure of ileum in Iraqi black partridge (Francolinus francolinus). Methods: To conduct this investigation, 20 healthy Iraqi black partridge were collected from local suppliers. Birds were euthanized, dissected and then specimens were processed for histological and histochemical staining techniques. Results: A morphological study showed that the ileum appears as a short narrow tubular structure. It extends from the wide end of the jejunum and ends in the Ileo-caecal junction region. Histologically, the wall ileum consists of four tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The mucosa was lined by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The muscularis mucosa is arranged in two thick layers of smooth muscle fibers, outer longitudinal and inner circular bundles. The tunica submucosa was a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Tunica serosa was loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium. The goblet cells gave a positive reaction with PAS stain. Conclusion: Goblet cells neutral mucopolysaccharide secretions; in fact, the latter stain is an indicator mucin substance which are very important in digestion and absorption and subsequent body growth of the bird.

Yangonin "Ya" has been used for centuries as a herbal supplement, for its mood-altering properties. It has been used as a recreation agent, for relaxation, as well as for pain relief. However, hepatotoxicity is a widespread problem associated with medicines in general. Most herbal supplements are metabolized by the liver, and thus the liver represents the target organ. At present, Yangonin toxicity appears to be "idiosyncratic". Therefore, a study was designed in order to investigate the organelle-based changes in hepatocytes, after treatment with Yangonin alone and in combination with EtOH. Thirty rats were divided into five groups comprising of six animals each. The groups comprised of the control groups {(NCx) & (PCx)}, Yangonin (Ya) group, ethanol (EtOH) group, and the combination of (Ya) and ethanol (EtOH+Ya) group. The experiment was conducted over a period of 14 weeks, as a sub-chronic study. At the end of the 14 ^th week, mitochondria, peroxisome, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei of hepatocytes, were evaluated using a scoring system. The results were compared with histopathological findings, as well. Treatment with Ya significantly induced hepatotoxic scores as compared to the control groups. Organelle injury scores increased significantly with Ya treatment, while rats that received "EtOH+Ya" showed the severest lesions of liver scores such as, severe hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, and hypertrophy. Ultrastructural and histopathological scores in both groups were in very strong correlation (r = 0.928 for EtOH, r = 0.921 for Ya alone and r = 0.903 for Ya plus EtOH group). In conclusion, ethanol enhanced the sedative and hypnotic activity of Ya, and markedly increased toxicity. Findings based on TEM examination of organelles, supported the histological results as well as tissue lesions/injuries in hepatocytes, a result of hepatotoxin-induced hepatopathy.

This study was conducted to estimation mycotoxins and some heavy metals in some types of noodles in Salah Al-din governorate markets. In this study 6 species of Aspergillus were detected which were A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. ochraceus and A. niger and 5 genus of fungi were Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria and Rhizopus isolated on the three types of media used. The results show presence of the three types of mycotoxins in all samples. The concentrations of the aflatoxin B1 ranged between 1.145 - 5.041 ppm. Concentrations of fumonisin between 8.498 - 19.496 ppm. Concentrations of ochratoxin A ranged between 3.960 - 52.543 ppm. The results also show that the concentration of copper and cadmium was at (0.50 - 1.23) (0.05 - 0.31) ppm respectively, while the concentration of lead was less than 0.1 ppm in all samples.

The current study was designed to investigate the histological structure of the cerebellum in the Iraqi frog Rana ridibunda ridibunda. The cerebellum was removed surgically from 20 Iraqi frogs, Rana ridibunda ridibunda, and preserved in fixative of 10% formalin solution for a period of 72 hr, then the histological sections were prepared by the method of paraffin. The results of the study showed that the cerebellum of the adult Iraqi frog is one of the rhombencephalon regions, and consists of three layers, molecular layer, purkinje cells layer, and granular layer. The present histological findings suggest that the cerebellum of the Iraqi frog is very similar to that of other vertebrates, Therefore it represents the basic rule in understanding the histological formation of the cerebellum.

The A total of 118 specimens of the mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) were collected weekly from Al-Graiat region at the Tigris river in Baghdad city, during the period from July 2015-March 2016. In this study, investigated of fish gills of Planiliza abu and was noticed of Monogenean Gyrodactylus hrabei, Ergens, 1957 and registered for the first time in Iraq. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as its illustrations were given.

This study is the first kind of it in Iraq. The samples were collected from April to Junuary 2018, we recorded seven species for the first time in Iraq (Procellio laevis, P. cingendus, Lacasius pallidus, Armadillidium album, A. assimile, Orthodillo chiltoni, Cylisticus convexus). These species belong to four famillies (Procellionidae, Armadillidae, Armadillidae, Cylistieidaeà). The samples were saved in the natural histroy museum in Baghdad-Iraq.

SARS-COV-2 virus is one of the fastest spreading viruses targeting the respiratory and other system in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the needs for preventive measures, particularly at the moment because the virus is spreading fast in various parts of the world, causing various levels of infections: medium to severe, and fatal. The study aimed at assessing health and environmental awareness apart from correcting some scientific healthy concepts related to COVID-19. Additionally, this study also attempted to spread awareness in a simple way that simulates all levels of society. The current study focused on Iraq, specifically Al-Anbar governorate, as it is free from COVID-19 infections according to the reports of the Iraqi Ministry of Health in cooperation with the WHO. In this study, a set of electronic questionnaire was selected to collect relevant data. The electronic questionnaire was chosen because of the quarantine order by the authority due to the COVID-19. The items were built based on a variety of health, preventive, and environmental scientific questions and it was electronically distributed to 2084 individuals in Governorate. The findings revealed that Ramadi city had the most participants responding to the questionnaire (47%). The participation rate for female was 52% while the rate for male is 48%. The biggest age group was 20-24 years old and the highest academic background was a bachelor's degree in education. The findings indicated a good percentage of health awareness among the participants in the governorate emphasizing on health instructions and preventive measures taken by the Crisis Cell, which had an important role in being infectious-free during the period. It is summarized that the level of health awareness and the role of the Crisis Cell: worked together COVID-19 the infection. Additionally, this questionnaire had a great role in correcting some understanding of scientific concepts among the public.

This study was undertaken to detect the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen food. A total of 200 different food samples were collected from Basrah markets, southern Iraq, during September 2015 to March 2016. These samples included frozen fish, frozen burger, frozen chicken and worker's hands swabs, 50 each. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes by using of inlB specific gene. The PCR results revealed that only four samples (7.27%) were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion frozen food may carry a dangerous type of bacteria and lead to human illness.

This study aimed to evaluate whether (1237 T/C) polymorphism is related with diabetic foot ulcer in type-2 diabetes mellitus of Iraqi patients in Najaf city. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most prevalent and serious diabetic complications. DFU accounts for about 15% of the diabetic population. It is commonly associated with the increased diabetic morbidities and mortalities. The type 2 diabetes is recognized by aberrations of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. It is increasingly appreciated that wound healing defect seen in diabetic patients is attributed to the altered protein and lipid metabolism. This study involved (180) subjects, between them, 60 were patients as group one suffering from type 2 diabetes and 60 were patient suffering from type 2 diabetes and foot ulcer as group two. In addition, 60 healthy group three as control subjects. Polymerase chain analysis was used for detection of TLR-9 genotypes followed by restriction analysis. We observed no significance differences in the distribution of the genotypes and alleles of (1237 T/C) polymorphism among the study groups.

The present research aimed to isolate and purify Alkaline phosphatase enzyme from crude protein extract (Lysate supernatant) of Escherichia coli, by using different biotechnologies. To proceed, the following steps were taken: Firstly, The verification of the existence of enzyme in bacteria, the bacteria were diagnosed by using the API 20 stripe that consists of (20) items. the enzyme was isolated to ensure its availability in bacteria within the logarithmic phase and this was done through proliferating them for 18 hours in a nutrient agar. It had been detected that the enzyme was intracellular because of the occurrence of enzyme activity in the lysate supernatant without occurring it in the cell free culture supernatant. Secondly, Enzyme purification, the enzyme had been purified through three stages: precipitation of protein by ammonium sulphate, dialysis and finally, the protein extract was passed through column chromatography by using Sephadex G-100 gel, the estimated enzyme activity after this step was 22.0 in comparison with its activity before the purification processes (crude protein extract). The approximate molecular weight of alkaline phosphatase was 81.000 Dalton estimated by using gel filtration technique.

This study evaluates eleven wild plant species belong to two genera of Asparagaceae family, naming of Bellevalia lapeyr and Ornithogalum L. and discuss the similarities and differences among all species by using eighteen random primers for the Random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the genetic relationship and genetic distance among these species. The study aimed to determination genetic relationships among all the eleven species by using RAPD markers and the method of extraction DNA from plants was CTAB with liquid nitrogen. The result show 16 primers success in giving 293 bands, of which 263 were polymorphic bands, 25 unique bands and 5 were absent. B.chrisii type also succeeded in showing two unique bands at OPG-08 primer without registering any other bands. The lowest genetic distance was 0.306 between B. longipes and B.parva, while the highest genetic distance was 0.943 between B.chrisii and O.pyrenaicum. It is concluded from our study based on the results of the RAPD test that the studied species were divided into two main groups, each group was divided into subgroups, the first group included three groups and the second main group included two main groups. The study found that the O.pyrenaicum type is distinguished by being far from the rest of the species.

Eight Cd-resistant bacteria were isolated from the soil. Based on the resistance and specific growth rate, one isolate from these was chosen. The 16S rRNA (rrs) gene sequence was used to assert this isolate belongs to the genus of Brevibacillus and closely related to Brevibacillus agri (B.agri) DSM 6348T (AB112716). The isolate was termed B.agri C15. The specific growth yields and the Cd-dependent fall in specific growth yield of B.agri C15 was determined under different concentrations of Cd. The current study provides a basis for isolation Cd resistant bacteria with maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) 15 mM Cd from a contaminated soil 490±50 μmolal Cd that could be suitable for a new Cd-bioremediation process; therefore, further studies are needed to investigate this possibility.

Cellulase is an enzyme produced by fungi and bacteria that hydrolyzes cellulose by breaking down the glycosidic bond, β-1,4 that binds sugar glucose units. Bioethanol and cellulase enzyme were produced by ethanol-tolerant of Bacillus cereus co-culture. So the production of filamentous solani were using the wastes of Cynodon dactylon L. The highest activity of enzyme was at 96 hour/30°C of incubation. The optimal pH value was 7.5, while the carbon concentration was 3%. On the other hand, the best inoculum ratio was 0.5/100 mL (52 × 10⁸ cell/mL bacterial cells and 10⁵ conidia/mL of the fungus). In order to test the efficiency of ethanol production by the co-culture by using different concentrations of pure ethanol was measured in the solid medium. Both Bacillus sp. and F. solani tolerated incubation with 5% ethanol. The best treatment when using 0.5% sulfuric acid which gave the best concentration of reduced sugars and the results showed a difference in the concentration of sugars produced by the fermentation process, it was 3.9 mg/mL in the first day, whereas it was 2.51 mg/mL after 120 hours of fermentation, the concentration of bioethanol produced after fermentation was 195 g/L. In conclusion Cynodon dactylon L. wastes were treated by sulfuric acid, cellulase digestion, and autoclave treatment to be a good source of reducing sugars.

Different types of chips samples sell were collected from some markets in Karbala city, which its made in Jordan (Chipsico and Alsaada), Saudia (Liz, Gillts, Doritos), Iran (Bovac, G Toz and Macho) and Iraq (Hala, Dalia, Al-Aseel). The Iranian Chips were the most contaminated, where Iraqi and Jordanian Chips comes in the second. The results of isolating fungi study in chips types, showed diversity in numbers and kinds of fungi. The genus Aspergillus is a fungus predominate on all isolates and followed by Penicillium. Also different genera including Fusarium, Alternaria, Curvularia and Rhizopus have been isolated. It is mentioned that these fungi are dangerous because they produce myctoxins, especially aflatoxin and ochratoxin. It was noted that, the Saudi products are free from contamination. Ammonia test and Fluorescence was used to identify the aflatoxin-producing isolates and it appeared that isolates of Aspergillus had great potential to produce these toxins.

this experiment aimed to study the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum in reducing infection of the tomato plant by Fusarium solani under the greenhouse condition. The results show that Fusarium solani isolates proved high pathogenicity and chosen isolate (Fs4) for being given a lower percentage of germination of cabbage seeds and the highest disease severity to tomato seedling. Also, the results were indicated that T6 (Biofertilizer at concentrations (25 ml\2Kg soil) with F. solani (F.s4) was the past this treatment reduced significantly the disease severity (73.10%) which also recorded a positive effect on the growth parameter of tomato plant compare to T1 (pathogen only).

This research included evaluating the efficacy of plant aqueous extracts for myrtle Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Eucalyptus spp. and Bacillus thuringiensis on adults of the house fly Musca domestica L. under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 2 ± 28°C and with a humidity of 50-70 %. it was found that the highest rate of laying eggs was in the extract of eucalyptus leaves, where the number of eggs laid was 60 eggs on average and at a concentration of 5%, while in the concentration of 10% the average egg was 55 eggs then In the extract of the leaves of the oleander was at a concentration of 10% at a rate of 50 eggs and in control treatments the number of eggs reached 80 eggs and the results showed the highest death rate for adults before laying eggs was in the extract of the eucalyptus leaves at a concentration of 15% where the death of 6 adults and the lowest percentage of death by 5% was recorded One adult death and the highest rate priest for eggs, with a concentration of 10%, reached 94%, and the highest percentage of larval mortality reached 68.12%, with a concentration of 10% in the transactions of extract of oleander leaves, and in it also the highest rate of exclusion is 31.93%. The third larval stage with a concentration of 5% with a ratio of 3.67 days and the highest incidence rate in the third larval stage with a concentration of 2.5% at a rate of 26.70% and the lowest incidence rate of 6.70% with a concentration of 2.5% and 5% and 7.5% in the first and second stages respectively and the lowest dawning rate was recorded in the larval phase the first with a concentration of 2.5% at 16.66% and the highest deformation rate in the third larval stage with a concentration of 7.5% at 66.66%. As for its effect on the number of eggs was a rate of zero% of all concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) compared to 80 control egg either its effect on the longevity of the adult was the highest rate of longevity amounting to a concentration of 7.5% by 5.33 day..

The interface between the ions in groundwater affects the biogeochemical behaviour of metal, and metal bioremediate by bacteria. Therefore, this study was aimed to predict the influence of pH, calcium, phosphate and humic acid on cadmium availability in artificial groundwater (AGW). Speciation and the thermodynamic calculation (MINTEQ program) were used to predict this in AGW theoretically. In results, cadmium availability diminished with an increase in pH, increase of calcium concentration and the addition of phosphate and humic acid of AGW. According to MINTEQ program, cadmium binds to some cations leaving fewer free cadmium ions available in AGW such as CdHCO₃⁺, Cd(SO₄)₂^2-, CdCl⁺, CdHPO₄, HA1-Cd, FA1-Cd, FA2-Cd, and HA2-Cd. It is suggested though that pH in AGW is maintained at pH 4.00 for best availability of cadmium and bioremediate by bacteria.

Garlic is rich in nutritional and medicinal value as it has been found that the water extract of garlic plant contains 31% carbohydrates and rich in elements calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and pyridoxine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant. The trend is to use plant extracts in foliar and ground fertilization. Three levels of foliar application (4, 6, 8%), three levels of ground application (10, 20, 40%), one treatment 6% of foliar and 20% ground application together and the treatment of control (0) were used. The results showed that the usage of garlic extract led to a significant increase in the height of the plant 98.00 cm, chlorophyll content 46.33 spadm, increase the Carbohydrates 7.95%, the number of branches, the number of leaves, the foliar area, the dry weight of vegetative group, the number of flowers, the leaves content of nitrogen, protein and carbohydrates, fruit weight, fruit size, measurement T.S.S. and solidity of treated plant compared to control plants.

The quantitative and qualitative structure of the Tigris River copepods communities, were identified to investigate the biological composition, especially near the outcome of Rasheed power plant (RPP). on its biodiversity at four sites those were chosen on the Tigris River in south part of Baghdad Governorate during the period January to December 2012. The sites S2 was located near Rasheed Power Plant to represent the ecological features of the plant site, whereas other sites, S1 was located at the upstream of the RPP as a control site to investigate the ecological characters of the Tigris River. Moreover, the two other sites S3 and S4 were located down to the impact of RPP to reflect the possible effects of the plant on the copepoda fauna biodiversity by comparison with the control site. Thirty-nine taxonomic units of copepoda fauna were identified in the present study, Including 17 taxonomic units of Cyclpoida, 13 taxonomic units of Calanoida, six taxonomic units of Harpacyicoida and three taxonomic units of Parasitic Copepoda. This study found that the highest copepod density was recorded during the winter period on site below RPP. While at sites near RPP during the summer period, Copepoda showed the lowest density. The results also showed that the sites below RPP included the most constant species, while the lowest were included at site near RPP. The results of the biodiversity indexes generally showed the negative actual impact of RPP on the copepoda commu nity..

A novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has being originated from animals and causing to running outbreak of viral pneumonia in human all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has considered COVID-19 infection as Epidemic disease in March 2020. The high percentages of death rate among people lead the researchers and scientists in different fields of medicine in order to find solution for this threating problem. In this regard, an editing gene technique was employed in this study, in order to deter the viability of coronavirus genetically. The main objective in this paper first has been determined and obtained the essential proteins of COVID-19 coronavirus proliferation by using NCBI website which included S, E, N, M, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF10 proteins. The second objective is to use a very precise technique of editing gene called CRISPR-Cas9 to make changes to the virus's RNA, through designing single-guide RNA for the essential each protein of COVID-19, in order to inactivate an effective certain protein. These techniques will be provided for each patient and healthy person by injection of all genes components using the Gene-gun machine or spray aerosol to make ensure reach it to the target cell.

The study was conducted in Al-Youssoufia region which located in North West of Baghdad city during the growing season of 2018-2019. The experiment was aimed to demonstrate the optimum concentration of amino acid proline that reduce the effect of drought stress. By using three time for irrigation (4, 8, 12) day and four concentrations of proline (0, 20, 40, 60) mg. L-1 and their interaction on some growth characteristics: Root length, dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content, carbohydrate percentage and peroxidase activity in vegetative part. Data were statistically analysed to find out the least significant difference (LSD) between treatments at 0.05 level. The results indicated the increase of proline concentration from (0 to 60) mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the average of growth characteristics and peroxidase activity unite.mg.proline-1 with increase in the average of irrigation periods under drought stress.

Cocoon of larva Larinus maculates F. from Curculionidae family (Echinops species), locally in Iraq known as Tihan, is one of traditional folk medicine used in the treatment of diversity respiratory system and fever. This study was carried out to assess the bioactive component and the antioxidant capability of aqueous beetle cocoon extract (Larinus maculates F.) along with its possible cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cell line. For phytochemical analysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used, and to detected free scavenging activity 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used. To determine the cytotoxicity in the cancer cell line 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-z-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) was used; peripheral blood monolayer cells (PBMCs) was used as a normal cell. GC-MS analysis identified the presence of 9 phytochemical components. DPPH results suggested a promising antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent, the best antioxidant potential was at 600 μg.ml⁻¹ concentration. Cytotoxic activity results showed that the increase in extract concentration decreases the cell viability, at 50 μg.ml⁻¹ concentration the percentage of viability was (86.76±0.87) where at 200 μg.ml⁻¹ the cell viability was (56.44±0.91) μg.ml⁻¹ Taken together, the results showed that larva cocoon of Larinus maculates F. extract has an important phyto-molecule with great potent antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity against lung cell line A549..

This study included (75) samples of the males students at the Tikrit University, The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: (25) blood samples pulled from healthy no smoking students (males) as Control sample. The second group: (25 males) samples of diabetic mellitus (smoker students). Third group: (25 males) samples of hypertension (smoking students). The results of the study indicated a significant increase in the concentration of the levels Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at level (P <0.005) in the samples of smoker students when compared to the healthy group. And showed decrease in the concentration level of HDL, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) at level (P <0.005) when compared to the healthy group (non-smokers ).

Documenting the biodiversity and biogeography of ciliates will help expand the overall knowledge within the field, as well as, shed new light on the dispersal and survival potential for other microorganisms, such as protists. As organisms at the base of food webs, ciliates are an essential part of the microbial loop and the ecosystems that they support. This study deals with ciliates community in freshwater of Tigris river within Baghdad city. Four sites were chosen at Al-Grea`t & Al-Adhamiya area at the riverbank. Total of 44 ciliophora taxa were detected, 22 taxa of which were identified to the species level and 22 taxa to the genus level. Among them, 11 taxa were new recording for Tigris river in Baghdad city: Cyrtolophosis sp., Monochilum frontatum, Orborhabdostyla bromelicola, Ophrydium sessile, Scyphidia sp., Vortecilla convallaria, Vortecilla octava, Zoothamnium Bory, Tokophrya lemnarum, Urostyla sp. and Stentor fluiginosus.

The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of olfactory organ in rock dove (Columba livia). Results of the present study revealed that the nasal cavity of the species under investigation is anteriorly located, starting with a pair of external nares which located at the dorsal side of the base of upper beak. The external nares lead to two short nasal cavities. Each nasal cavity consist of three conchae or turbinates represented by anterior or vestibular concha, middle or respiratory concha and posterior or olfactory concha. The nasal cavity ended by a pair of internal nares which opened at mouth cavity. Results related with the histological structure of olfactory organ revealed that the vestibular concha lined by stratified squamous epithelium, the respiratory concha lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and olfactory concha lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The last concha showed three types of differentiated cell represented by basal cells, supporting cells, and receptor cells.

Asteraceae (Compositae) famous as the aster, daisy or sunflower family is the biggest flowering family divided into thirteen subfamily that involve approximately two thousand genus, an important member of this family is Silybum marianum (Milk thistle). Management of hepatic diseases is the main use of milk thistle in traditional medicine also it has anticancer activity against different type of cancer in addition to antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacognostical feature and the phytochemical ingredient of Iraqi Silybum marianum. The plant were examined macroscopically to investigate the morphological characters of plant and microscopically to determine the type of stomata and trachoma then flowers, leaves, stems and seeds of the plant were extracted by ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus individually and subjected to standard methods for active constituents identification and that total flaononid, total phenolic and total tannins content were determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric, folin-ciocaltue and acidified vanillin methods respectively. The results shows that Silybum marianum leave have a thick cell wall, anomocytic stomata, annual vessel, and unicellular unbranched trichomas. Also an important active constituents have been detected that terpenes, steroid and flavonoids were present in all plant parts, saponin appear only in the leaves and stems while alkaloids and coumarins are not detected in any part. Also the study referred to the seeds as the richest part of the plant with flavonoid and phenolic compounds followed by the flowers, leaves and stems which contain the less amount, while the higher content of tannin were observed in the leaves and stems..

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of (Chloroquine CQ) on the oxidative stress under water stress effect Recently, this compound is used to treat COVID-19, Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 effect and Stimulate the enzymatic system through the exposure of the plant to water stress and interaction with Chloroquine, where the stress stimulate the production of these Oxidative Factors (Hydrogen Peroxide, Malondialdehyde(MDA), Protease increase the production of these oxidative factors increase activity through the effect of Chloroquine, This process was performed in the meristematic tissues of the cells of the permanent Mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants under experimental factors (water stress factor for 10 days with control period of 5 days) (Chloroquine factors and concentrations of 125 and 250 mg.L-1 with control treatment) were designed using a Factorial Randomized Block Design (R.B.C.D) with three replicates and 18 experimental units The experimental unit area was 2 m. The results have shown the following; The water stress period of 10 days led to the production of toxic hydrogen peroxide and increased concentration by stress. The effect of water stress was Stimulate the Production of hydrogen peroxide in Meristematic tissues. The effect of Chloroquine CQ with increased concentrations had a role in inhibiting the production of enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The interaction between water stress and increased Chloroquine CQ concentrations has been instrumental in stimulating the production of oxidative Factors.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological structure of the tongue in Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) and its related to the feeding pattern. Five adult animals were used in this study. The tongues were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin, then prepared by following stages (dehydration, clearing, and embedding). The serial section(5μ) were stained with(H&E) and some special stains. The histological examination showed that the tongue consists of three tunicae (mucosa, submucosa and musclaris) and the lining epithelium of the filiform papillae is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The cylindrical papillae are covered with a highly keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, whereas the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue is weakly keratinized at fungiform papillae, whilst circumvallate papillae are non-keratinized. The medullary of the papillae consists of a loose connective tissue which is considered as the lamina propria of the tongue, while the tunica submucosa consists of dense connective tissue. The muscularis is composed of skeletal muscle fibres arranged in three direction longitudinal, transverse and obliquate. The lingual glands(Von-Ebner and Weber) placed on both sides of the lingual root at the tunica submucosa and extend to the tunica muscularis. This study pointed out that the secretion of glands is mixed and the mucin is more neutral than acid.

The research aimed to evaluate piped water that supply the general company for pharmaceutical industry of Samarra and its suitable for drinking through the comparison with Iraqi and international standard for drinking. The study started from May (2015) until January (2016). Moreover, know the physical, chemical and bacterial properties piped water. The results showed that the piped water was matching of the drinking water by WHO and Iraqi standard. Only calcium quantity was higher than determination. The values rate for: Air and water temperature (29.44, 21.33) C° respectively, EC (431.11) μs/cm. TDS (430) mg/L, the pH (7.7). DO (4.75) mg/L, while the BOD5 (1.25) mg/L, while Alkalinity hardness (157.77) mg/L, total hardness (155.55) mg/L, calcium and magnesium hardness (78.66, 72) mg/L Respectively. While chloride (68.22) mg/L, as for the phytonutrient, Nitrate concentration were (1.902) Mg/L, the phosphate concentration values rate (0.050) Mg/L, and silica concentration (1.981) Mg/L. The heavy metals, Cu (0.028) ppm, Iron (0.121) ppm, Zinc (0.203) ppm, Lead (Nil) ppm. And it was free from bacterial growth. Thus, quality of piped water, (completely purity).

The Myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus insignis Eiras, Malta, Varella, Pavanelli, 2005 is recorded in the present study from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio for the first time in Iraq. The fishes were caught from the Al-Ataifiya location on the Tigris River at Baghdad city during the period from January to October 2020. The measurements and description of this external parasite in addition to its illustrations were given.

Bacillus cereus isolated from different food sources. The diarrheal toxin genes such as cytK, hemolytic enterotoxin (hblA, hblC and hblD), non-hemolytic enterotoxin (nheA, nheB and nheC), bceT and entFM in addition to emetic toxin gene were detected by PCR. The cyt K gene was observed in 94.87 % of the isolates. entFM and emetic toxin gene were found very rare in all food samples at the percentage 2.56% and 7.69% respectively. Uncooked rice which has a highest number of bacterial isolation, also showed relatively high percentage of the cytK and bceT genes (90%). These two genes present in 100% of Bacillus cereus isolates in most food samples. Bacteria isolated from burger meat contain all investigated genes.

Silver conjugated Tetracycline, was created and characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction Patterns (XRD). Using antibacterial assays, the effects of tetracycline alone and drugs-conjugated with silver nanoparticles were tested against Gram-ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by well diffusion assay. The UV-vis spectra of silver-drug Nano conjugates showed a characteristic surface Plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm. FTIR analysis demonstrated the involvement of Hydroxyl groups in both drugs in the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. (XRD) showed that they cubic structure of silver and, antibacterial assays showed that biosynthesis silver nanoparticle conjugation enhanced antibacterial potential of Tetracycline compared with drug alone.

In the current study we reported for agronomic traits and yield of fifteen rice genotypes in season during 2018 and investigated at the field experimental of Al-Mashkab research station (AMRR), Najaf-Iraq. The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with having three replications. These data related days to 50% flowering and heading, plant height (cm), leaf area index (LAI), panicle length (cm), number of tiller per panicle, 1000 grain weight (g) and biological yield, harvest index and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. The results indicated that the rice genotypes differed in plant growth characteristics and yield and yield components. 1000 grain weight and grain yields both were highest in Gohar genotype. Shiroudi genotype required shorter days to maturity and Anber33 longest days to maturity. Some of the rice genotypes particularly (Gohar) showed high promise with grain yield. Recommended, intensification of introducing more genotypes to select the best rice genotype for Iraqi condition could maximize the benefits of genotype cultivation. Agronomic data collected in the current study would be significant to realize the suitability of an individual rice genotypes of the farmer field, also were found more appropriate of the agro climatic status of Iraq.

It was clinically and surgically proven that sixty-four patients were infected with a hydatid cyst. Follow up was done in Al-Sadder Medical City, Najaf/Iraq during the period between January and December 2018. The incidence of the prevalence of hydatidosis female was higher than that of males. The youngest patients infected was five years, and oldest was over than 70 years old. The age group 21-30 years old had the highest percentage of hydatidosis infections. The rate of infection in females 64 (61%) more than males 25 (39%). Compared to males, there was a substantial rise (P < 0.05) in females. The percentage of liver hydatidosis relative to other organs was higher (67.18%). There were many patients with big cyst size (>5cm) than those with small cyst sizes (<5cm).

This research was carried out in quail in the laboratory of histopathology diseases during four months. The objectives of this study was to detecting the effects of the addition of the alcohol extract of ginger to ovary tissue of quail. The two groups of birds were in almost similar weights and were placed in cages. Each group consisted of 8 quails. The first group (control group) fed on regular feeding without adding alcoholic extract of ginger. The second group (treated group) fed on the same normal food after adding the alcohol extract of ginger at a concentration of 300 mg / kg. The results indicated that ginger have positive effects on folliculogenesis.

This study amid to evaluate the role of plant's root (Astragalus spinosus), in biochemical parameters and histological sections effect in reduce the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in rabbits Oryctalagus cuniculus, 7-9 months age and (1300-1500 g) of weight. Animals were distributed to three groups, every group were included five rabbits; group (1) control received water and diet. Group (2): animals treated with H2O2 (0.05) and drinking water. Group (3): animals treated with H2O2 and alcoholic extract of the plant root (5mg/kg body weight) for period one month. Study showed high significant increasing in Creatinine and ALP, LDH concentrations of animals treated with H2O2 alone (1.74±0.40) (9.900±1.058), (260.40±26.66) respectively, in compared with control (0.838±0.08) (8.420±1.132), (154.0±49.79) respectively while the concentration of Creatinine, ALP and LDH had been decreased with high significant (P≤ 0.05) in group treated with H2O2 and extract of the plant roots (0.79±0.09), (9.220±0.801) and (166.2±36.08) respectively in compared with H2O2 group. And the result of histological sections of liver, kidneys and heart, which showed an improvement of cells in group treated with the extract of the plant which had been induced by oxidative stress.

The goal of the current study was to assess the effects of povidone iodine 10% in comparison with 5% of povidone iodine on full-thickness cutaneous wounds healing in rabbits. This was on twenty-four healthy male rabbits, weighing from (1.5–1.8 kg). Under the effect of intramuscular administration of a mixture of xylazine hydrochloride 5mg / kg, ketamine hydrochloride 35mg / kg and diazepam 1 mg / kg. On each animal, in the dorsal back area, one square (2 × 2) cm full-thickness skin wounds were made. The animals were divided into two groups, group (A) as the treatment group was treated with 10% povidone iodine daily for 1 time for day 7 post operation. While, at the same time in group (B), the rabbits were treated with 5% povidone iodine. For clinical evaluation, each group was divided into four subgroups (two wounds/subgroup) on 3^rd, 5^th, 7^th, 9^th, 14^th and 21^th days post-wound induction and treatment. Clinically, the result showed that 10 % of iodine was more effective than 5 % of iodine, and the wound healing rate in group (A) was faster than group (B). This was followed by statistical analysis results showing the wound healing process ((20%, 40%), (70%, 85%) contraction) and ((10%, 20%), (50%, 70%) re-epithelization). Respectively, there were significantly more (P≤0.05) than the iodine 5% during the study period. Conclusion; Povidone-iodine solution 10% is more efficient than iodine 5% so that lead to acceleration and enhancement of full-thickness cutaneous wounds healing.

Dental caries is a public health concern worldwide for which Streptococcus mutans has been reported Known as the potential etiology of infection. In recent years, nanotechnology has applied to Creation of novel material properties. The research was studying the effects of Nanoparticles of Zinc Oxide on Streptococcus mutans isolate from dental caries. In this research, Different ZnO NPs concentrations were studied as its anti-bacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans was isolated from dental caries cases. 27 Streptococcus mutans isolates were obtained, which is equivalent to 20% of the total number of 135 isolates. This nanomaterial was chosen because it has a high affinity for human cells and does not cause harm compared to other nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are those very fine materials that can be produced so that their dimensions or the dimensions of their grains range from (1-100) nanometers, and because of the small size of the nanomaterials, which made them behave differently from large-sized materials whose size exceeds 100 nanometers, and because of the small size of the particles. Nanoparticles, which gave them electrical and magnetic properties that differ from large particles of the same compounds. The well diffusion method and the MIC experiment were conducted, and the results were good, as in the well diffusion method the efficacy increased with increasing the concentration of ZnO NPs. In the MIC experiment, it was observed that MIC in the sixth tube, meaning that the MIC of ZnO NPs towards Streptococcus mutans equals 0. 312 mg / ml.

Several reports have shown that various rhizobia can interact with non-hosted plant species, enhancing mineral nutrition and promoting plant growth. To further investigate the effects of such non-host interactions on plant growth and phosphate nutrition, we inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana with the model rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens at three phosphate concentrations in the nutrient medium. In vitro, we showed that root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens contributes to an increase in the amount of available phosphate that is important in plant growth, especially in the shoots, in all concentrations used in the study. In addition to improving plant growth as well as increasing plant biomass production.

Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to living organisms; however, bacteria are adaptable to severe conditions, including Cd contamination. Bacteria can develop in the natural environment, as they generate resistant strains that can be used to remove Cd, but getting such adaptive strains usually takes a long time. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) light mutagenesis was used to accelerate the strain-resistant ability of Brevibacillus agri C15 to generate Cd^R mutant with high resistance to Cd. Its maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) to Cd was 15.00 mM. The UV light mutagenesis process resulted in the generation of the mutant B. agri C15 Cd^R (MTC: 20.00 mM Cd). Morphological and biochemical tests showed that there were no major differences between B. agri C15 Cd^R and B. agri C15. This study provides a basis for developing microbial Cd resistance and facilitating the application of Cd remediation.

The current study aimed to identify the morphological description and branches of the bronchial tree and lung for the weasel Herpestes javanicus as one of the Iraqi mammals inhabiting the Iraqi environment. In the current study, 10 samples with an mean weight of 288-564 g were used, trachea and lung were removed from the samples and confirmed using proven solutions and laboratory tests were conducted on 5 samples of the study to identify the branches of the bronchial tree using the technique of casting resin and then exposing the samples to erosion. Weasel has a pair of bright pink sponge lungs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity. The lungs look similar to the clover leaf have a top and three surfaces represented by the costal surface that is convex, and the middle surface, characterized by a narrow and diaphragm surface and is identical to the diaphragm. The right lung is larger than the left lung and the right lung consists of four lobes: apical, middle, caudal and an accessory lobe, while the left lung consists of three lobes: apical, middle, caudal lobes the top of the right lung appeared small and semi-sharp, while the left lung is round and blind. The right primary trachea branched into two branches, the upper branch enters into the apical lobe and branches in turn into two secondary branches, while the lower branched into three branches, the first of which enters into the middle lobe and the second to the middle lobe, the third branch into two branches enter the accessory lobes, while the primary left trachea branch into three secondary or lobe branches before entering the left lung branch, where the first branch enters into apical lobe when the second enters the middle lobe while the third section enters the caudal lobe.

The flavonoid and alkaloid content in the alcoholic extract of the shoots and flowers were identified in two species of the tribe Pimpinelleae / Apiaceae: Pimpinella armena and Pimpinella kotschyana, and the flavonoids that were detected in this study are: (Apigenin, Coumarin, Kaempferol and Quercetin). The total alkaloids are estimated for these two species. It has been noticed that the species Pimpinella armena is a new record on the Iraqi flora, as it was identified through the genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences and registered in the National Center of Biotechnology (NCBI).

A study was done at the theatre of department of veterinary Surgery & obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq which performed to compare the effect of application of chitosan action as scaffold with collagen fibers. The histopathological findings in operation's sites showed the developments of skin graft's healing which was the guide to monitoring the healing. The results showed that the chitosan-treated grafts was healed more controllable with less scar tissue than non-treated grafts which indicates that the chitosan was coordinated the healing.

Metal complexes Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) of the ligand 1,6-bis(1-benzimidazolyl)hexane were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand and appropriate metal salts in l: 1 mole ratio. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using IR, Uv-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis CHN. Depending on the abovementioned techniques, a polymeric structure was proposed to the prepared complexes. Further, all the synthesized compounds were tested against some of the soil-borne fungi namely; Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. The results showed that the tested compounds have an effect on the growth of pathogenic fungi. This leads to thinking that these compounds could be used one day as new chemical pesticides as an alternative to chemical compounds that have been shown to be resistant to pathogens.

Trogoderma granarium Everts (Khapra beetle) is a serious pest of stored barley and wheat worldwide. The current research evaluates the efficacy of local isolates of Meterhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana compared to an imported isolates when khapra larvae sprayed with concentration of later isolates under laboratory condition, mortalities were recorded for more than two weeks after treatment. Results demonstrated that the larvae were more susceptible to the local isolates of the two fungi than the imported isolates. Cumulative mortalities were 86.67 and 50 when larvae sprayed with 10⁹ conidia/ml of local and imported isolates of M. anisopliae respectively, and 86.67 and 66.67 when larvae sprayed with 10⁹ conidia/ml of laocal and imported isolates of B. bassiana respectively after two weeks. The findings of the current study clearly showed that the local isolates caused higher mortalities than the imported one so they may be used as a good candidates for pragmas of integrated pest management of stored grain pests.

This investigation of molluscs was carried out at some sites on the river of the Euphrates. Samples of molluscs were collected monthly from June 2019 to November 2019. Fourteen species were investigated which belonged to two Classes: Bivalvia (three species) and Gastropoda (eleven species). The species Corbicula fluminalis, Pisidium dubium, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus convexiusculus, and Gyraulus intermixtus seemed in all sites. According to the index of Shanon-Weiner, species diversity ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 bits/individual. Index of Jaccard's similarity showed that the highest similarity was recorded between site one and site two with 60 %.

Parasites are cause a lot of important and serious diseases which widespread to peoples and animals all over the world, vector for disease to humans by consumption of meat sheep fresh as liver or not cooked well meat, so in this way the toxoplasmosis in sheep considered one of the causes economic and social damage and important sources of transfer this infection human, for this fact we must value economic and social damage by investigate the incidence of this disease in sheep, and using accurate methods for detection of this infection in blood fluids or tissue of sheep, so in this study we using immunological and molecular methods to detection of the parasite in sheep blood specimens in Al-Shamiya city/Al-Qadisiyah government/Iraq, the results explained presence that antibodies in 14 samples (14%) below level significant (P≤ 0.05) by using Rapid Test Cassette, while the results depending on (RT PCR) for detection of specific gene of parasite B1 gene in blood specimens showed to (9 of 100)(9%) positive infection results in examined sheep. from these results, we can give simple picture ensured rule the infected sheep in transmission the disease to human although a low percentage of positive infection, presence the disease in sheep indicator to role sheep to transfer the disease to the human an achieved the economic and social damage.

The common use of beta-lactam antibiotics resulted in the emergence of bacterial strains capable of spreading and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL). Up to 70 of clinical samples, 30 of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated as ESβL isolates. These isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients to some hospitals in Baghdad. The samples include urine, pus, stool, and blood from both genders, different age groups. The VITEK2 was used to check production of ESβL and for the automated diagnosis of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility experimentation and to the identification of the target bacteria. Technique of PCR was applied to detect the presence of bla_TEM and bla_CTx-M genes. The results demonstrated that 30(43%) isolates of the current study were ESβL producers. The gel electrophoresis of DNA for positive ESβL isolates gives differentiate results of both bla_TEM and bla_CTX-M genes were observed in 15(50%) and 29(96%) isolates respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern to 20 antibiotics were showed majority of isolates have the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes and susceptible to carbapenems of antibiotic. Furthermore, the results of the genetic analysis, along with the pattern of isolates for antibiotic resistance, it may give an acceptable explanation for the higher presence of the bla_CTX-M gene compared with the proportion of the bla_TEM gene in the same isolates.

In the current study, the myxobolid, Thelohanellus wuhanensis Xiao & Chen, 1993 was recorded for the first time in Iraq from the gills of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) that was caught from Tigris river near Al-Shawwaka location in Baghdad city during the period from May to October 2020. With this registration, T. wuhanensis become the fourth species of the genus Thelohanellus so far recorded from the Iraqi fish. The description and measurements of this external parasite as well as its illustrations are given.

Somatic embryogenesis is a valuable tool for investigating the totipotency of plant cells. A simple and efficient protocol for inducing somatic embryogenesis from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were established. Surface sterilized seeds were placed on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium free from growth regulators. Callus initiation began 7 days after seeds culture and became visible with the naked eye within 10-14 days. It was friable and yellowish white in color. Within 20 days, callus was transferred to Gamborg's B5 medium containing 1.0 mgL-1 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.05 mgL⁻¹ Kin for multiplication. The results indicated that somatic embryos had been recorded only in B5 medium supplemented with 0.4 mgL⁻¹ TDZ (N-phenyl-N'-1,2, 3-thidiazol-5-ylurea) and it was the best one. Through our observation, different stages of somatic embryos have been found. The results revealed that the continuous transfer of small masses containing several embryos at different stages to the same induction medium subsequently formed a large cluster of shoots, which were rooted in MS medium free from growth regulators and MS hormone-free medium with 0.2activated charcoal. The percentages of rooting were 63% and 51% respectively. This study proved that Arabidopsis thaliana seeds are a novel source for somatic embryos.

Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using alkhal mother shae. Nanoparticles were characterized using four methods. The results of the fourth methods proved that silver nanoparticles are spherical shape with a size ranging between 30-40 nm. AMS-AgNPs has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against gram negative and gram positive tested bacteria, and it has antifungal and antivirulence activity against five types of fungi. Results declare the effect of AMS-AgNPs on the fungus, it can disrupt the integrity fungal cell wall, promoting the permeability and the leakage of the cell constituents, and eventually induce cell death, which is reached from the Congo red dye absorption test and the formation of swelling in the hyphae of the fungal. This study revealed that AMS-AgNPs can be used as an alternative medicin for pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

This study was conducted to examine the anatomical aspects of Carissa macrocarpa, of stem, leaf and leaf venation. The results obtaind showed that the tissue of the studied parts have important anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of the cross-sectional of stem and vertical-sectional of leaves. The stem section appeared in circular and the midrib was crescent shape and the stomata appeared on the upper surface of the leaf only, Tetracytic in type. Druses crystals and Aleurone granules appeared on both surfaces of leaves. The venation type was Brochidodromous in which the secondary veins do not end at the edge of the leaf, and each secondary race is connected with the higher race and linked together with a series of prominent arches.

In this study, we synthesized a series of benzimidazole compounds containing. 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring from many reaction steps. The obtained benzimidazole series were characterized by melting point, Data from FT-IR and 1H-13C-NMR and In vitro screening of antibacterial activity against strains of selected pathogenic Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria relative to (Amoxicillin) and (Ciprofloxacin) as standard antibacterial agents has shown high pharmacological activity.

The current study measuring the effectiveness and purification of the enzyme (arginase) in the serum of kidney diseases samples were collected from Samarra General Hospital from October to December 2019, 60 samples were collected from the infected and 25 samples from he healthy people control group of ages 30-55 years, the effectiveness of the control group was 6.87 ± 2.95, and the patient group was 25.71 ± 8.39., the purification process was carried out using Sephadex G-200 and EDEA cellulose - using a column of separation with dimensions (32 x 1.5nm), the molecular weight of the enzyme was 245 kDa. The study included measuring the level of urea 83.7 ± 23.4mg/dl, Creatinine 2.85 ± 1.19 mg/dl, Total protein 3.8 ± 0.6 mg/dl, Albumin 4.120 ± 0.02 mg/dl, Uric acid 5.19 ± 1.52 mg/dl and Globulin was 1.29 ± 0.01 mg/dl. at P≤0.01.

In this study, the compound 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis (diazene-2,1-diyl))bis (naphthalen-1-ol) synthesized by reaction of 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane with Alpha-naphthol. This compound was identified by using an element C.H.N analyzer, Infra-Red spectrum, Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum, and GC-Mass spectrometry. We used olive peels to adsorb the synthesized dye from an ethanol solution. The results obtained showed that olive peel has a good adsorption on the bis-azo dye. Temperature and pH effect were studied under multiple conditions. The result showed that the adsorption increased with temperature increasing, and adsorption efficiency according to pH as 7<4<9. Theoretical treatment was studied in gas phase for molecular mechanics and semi-empirical computations using the hyper chem8 program. Dipole moment, formation heat and binding energy were done via the methods (PM₃ and ZINDO/S) at 25°C. Electrostatic potential of active sites were also studied for the newly synthesized bis-azo dye. Vibrational values were evaluate using PM3 method, the theoretical frequencies obtained from the calculations were consistent with the experimental values. HOMO & LUMO (frontier orbitals) were studied by PM₃ method, electronic spectrum was also studied using ZINDO/S method and compared with experimental spectrums. The results obtained were closely related between the theoretical and experimental spectrum.

Cobalt and vanadium complexes with (E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide were synthesized. The ligand was structurally characterized by FTIR, ¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy. The interaction activity of ligand and complexes was investigated with DNA by spectroscopical and physical methods. The results showed an intercalative binding between the synthesized compounds and DNA.

The current research describes the application of the water quality index (WQI) based on the collection of 50 samples of water sample for 10 wells for five months in the village of Kakhirta in Al-Ayadiyah subdistrict, northwest of Nineveh Governorate. The model was applied using 13 parameters (pH, TDS (total dissolved salts), DO (dissolved oxygen), T.A (Total Alkaline), Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, K, PO₄, SO₄, TPC (Total Plate Count), and F. Colif. (Faecal coliform) depending on the results obtained from the model. The groundwater quality ranged between (218 - 765), which indicates deterioration in water quality due to the high numbers of bacteria TPC and F. Colif., as well as the high total alkaline T.A and hypoxia in the water more the recommended limits for drinking water.

The corrosion inhibition effect of a new furan derivative (furan-2-ylmethyl sulfanyl acetic acid furan-2-ylmethylenehydrazide) on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was investigated using corrosion potential (ECORR) and potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results indicated that the new furan derivative (furan-2-ylmethyl sulfanyl acetic acid furan-2-ylmethylenehydrazide) (FSFD) has a promising inhibitive effects on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl across all of the conditions examined. The density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on the new furan derivative (FSFD) at the B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) basis set level to explore the relation between their inhibition efficiency and molecular electronic structure. The final experimental results showed that FSFD act as a good corrosion inhibitor in the acidic solution for mild steel which is in agreement with the results of the theoretical study.

The objective of the present work was to establish the antimicrobial activity of four species of Melaleuca (i.e. Melaleuca leucandron, Melaleuca armillaris, Melaleuca linarifolia, & Melaleuca ericifolia) methanolic extracts and five species of Syzygium (i.e., Syzygium samaragense, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium gratum, Syzygium paniculatum & Syzygium malaccense). To research the chemical composition of the most promising extracts, as well. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microbial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), while the chemical composition was calculated by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). For the genus of Melaleuca, S. After therapy, aureus pathogens were inhibited with their methanolic extracts with an 8.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli with a 0.0-21.0 mm inhibition zone size, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 9.0-18.0 mm, and A. Niger with an inhibition zone scale of 0.0-15.0 mm. Whereas, for the genus Syzygium, S. After treatment with their methanolic extracts, aureus pathogens were inhibited with a 10.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli, with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-14.0 mm, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-21.0 mm, and A. Niger with a range of inhibition zones of 0.0-9.0 mm. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay ranged from 34.60 to 60.97μg/ml for the species Melaleuca. The IC50 values for the Syzygium species ranged from 29.81 to 52.95μg/ml compared to 7.35μg/ml for the normal ascorbic acid. GC/MS research showed that Syzygium gratum's methanolic extract consists of 39 compounds comprising 99.08 percent, with Veridiflorol (7.16 percent) and 2-methyl, 3-Hexanone being the main compounds (5.74 percent ). While Melaleuca armillaris' methanolic extract consists of 30 compounds comprising 97.66%, with Veridiflorol (18.36%) and Globulolol compounds being the key compounds (12.57 percent ).

This paper is summarized with one of the applications of adsorption behavior; A UV-Vis method has been applied to survey the isotherm of adsorption. Results for experimental showed the applicability of Langmuir equation. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of cobalt (II) Complex by bentonite surface was studied. The results shown that the amount of adsorption was formed to increase, such as the temperature increase (Endothermic process). Cobalt (II) Complex has adsorption studies by bentonite surface at different pH values (1.6-10); these studies displayed an increase in adsorption with increasing pH.

ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS thermodynamic functions of the cobalt (II) Complex for their adsorption have been calculated.

Heterocyclic azo compound 2-(8-quinolyl azo)-4,6-dimethyl phenol as a primary ligand and imidazole molecule as a secondary ligand in the basic medium were prepared with novel mixed ligand complexes of Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) ions, these compounds were characterized by Mass, 1HNMR, IR, UV-Vis, Magnetic susbtibility and Molar Conductivity, which suggested octahedral conductivity. Free ligands and five mixed ligand complexes of Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) metal ions with a general formula of [M(L1)(L2)2C1] against eight pathogenic multidrug resistance bacteria, six G-ve bacteria (Pr. mirabilis, S. typhi, E. coli, P. aeroginosa, A. baumanii and K. pneumoniae) and two G+ve bacteria (E. faecalis and S. aureus) were capable of antimicrobial efficacy. The findings show that free ligands have had stronger antibacterial activity on S. Bacterial isolation of typhi and P. aeroginosa relative to other isolates. As for the effectiveness of metal complexes, compared to G+ve bacteria, they usually have a large antibacterial effect on G-ve bacteria, whereas the Hg(II) ion complex has a higher antibacterial effect on most bacterial isolates compared to other metal complexes. Compared with other metal complexes, Mn (II) ion complexes demonstrated poorer antibacterial activity..

New blend material membranes as fibers produced by electrospinning technology and these membranes were characterized and evaluated their properties in this research. Polyacrynitrile polymer mixed physically with polystyrene to produce the blend membranes. FTIR confirm the occurrence of polymeric blends by establishing the absence of new chemical reactions occurs. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was reduced by increase the PAN percent in the blend. Field emission scanning electron microscopy used to study the morphologies of the membranes and illustrated the average diameters of produced fibers which found about 1.68-0.73 μm. The average pore size found about 1.28 – 0.31 μm for blend membranes. The result showed an increasing in fibers diameter and pore size with increasing of the PAN percent while the membranes porosity still high percentage about 98%.

One of the major health problems causing defects or damage to one or more of the four heart valves [aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid] is valvular heart disease [VHD]; it occurs due to congenital abnormalities or acquired pathology. It is a defect that results in weak heart valves and is therefore unable to function as precise pathways of the blood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the lipid profile of valvular heart disease patients in sera. Ninety subjects were included in this study and 60 patients with HDV were divided into two subgroups according to the affected valve: 33 patients with aortic valve disease (AV) and 27 patients with mitral valve disease (MV group). In addition, 30 healthy individuals were registered in all groups as control(C) group Serum copper (Cu), total protein (TP), activity and specific activity of ferroxidase Cp, and lipid profile were measured. The results showed that there was a highly significant increase in patient (AV & MV) groups compared to the C group in activity, specific Cp and Cu activity levels. In addition, compared to the C group, triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels showed a highly significant increase in the AV and MV groups. No significant differences were found between patients and control groups in TP, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) & High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Likewise, for all parameters, there were no significant differences between the AV and MV groups. In conclusion, the high serum level of Cu and the activity of Cp ferroxidase may be considered to be a risk factor for VHD.

To regeneration of oils which are used in cars engines to lubricate its moving parts, and to get rid of highly contaminants which must be separated to reuse the engine oils. In the column chromatography, the waste oil was treaded as mobile phase (eluent) with petroleum ether (40-60°C), while the red mud (alhuor) is a stationary phase for adsorbed the impurities. The effect of the new method using deepeutectic solvent (DESs Reline) as a kind of ionic liquids to help extract impurities by adsorption (choline chloride and urea). Moreover, some thermal and physicochemical properties like density, thermal and electrical conductivity, ash percentages, viscosity, specific gravity and pH values were determined. Values were determ.using TGA for blank oil for comparison and differential scanning calorimetric analyses (DSC).

The equivalent conductivities of proline in water, methanol were studied in the temperature range of 288.15 to 313.15 K at 5 K intervals, in mixtures of methanol and water at percentages of 10 %, 20%, 30%, 40% and, 50% of methanol at 37°C. The experimental data were treated by the Lee-Wheaton conductivity equation of unsymmetrical electrolytes (1:2) (1 molecule of metal with 2 molecules of ligand) derived to calculate the conductivity parameters, equivalent conductance at infinite dilution Λₒ, ionic conductivity, association constant Ka and the main distance between ions in solution( R) at best fit values of (6Λ). Thermodynamic quantities for the ion-association reaction ΔG°, Δङ° and ΔS°) have been also measured. The results of the analysis showed that the ions of the complex can be separated by solvent molecules (SSIP). The values of Ka, Λ° and R were found to be different from one solvent to another depending on the interactions in the solution. Furthermore, the chemical structure of the Proline-Mn complex was optimized by using of Gaussian interface version 16.0 program of chem3D to optimiz the features of complex molecule. The suggested statistical model possesses only two parameters with excellent values of the square regression coefficient (r²) and cross-validation (q²) are equal to 0.999 and 0.994, respectively, which refers to the perfect relationship between Ka value and the physical properties of the solvent.

The aim of this study was estimation the concentration of heavy and trace element in blood samples for autism spectrum disorder material and method: sixty patients with autism participated in the present study, all of these patients are registered in an autism center in Basrah province( Iraq). At the same time, 30 healthy children contributed in the study as a control group. The heavy levels were estimated and trace elements (chromium, zinc, selenium, copper, lead, mercury and iron) in the patient and control groups by used energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The basic principle should appear in the X-rays emitted by the different energies coming from the sample at the same time as a beam of an electron is moving its factors. Conclusion: The results showed that there was no significant difference between patients and the control group in all trace elements except zinc. On the other hand, the study showed that there was no significant change between male and female in all levels of trace elements except selenium.

By condensation of benzaldehyde with thiourea in absolute ethanol in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, the Schiff base(1-benzylidenethiourea)[I] was synthesized by synthesis of 4-(3-benzylidenethioureido)-4-thioxobut-2-enoic acid compound[II] by reaction of maleic anhydride with schiff base [I] in DMF. When treating compound [II] with ammonium persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 (APS) as an ethanol initiator to obtain polymer [III], compound [III] reacted to polymer [IV] with SOCl2 in benzene. Sulfamethizole, celecoxib, salbutamol, 4-aminoantipyrine to yield polymers [V-VIII], compound [IV] reaction with different drugs. Spectral evidence established the structure of synthesized compounds: FTIR and 1HNMR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Elemental Analysis (C.H.N-S). These synthesized derivatives [V-VIII] were tested for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-) by agar well diffusion process, and the results showed that all polymers had a greater diameter of the growth inhibition region. This may be relative to the presence of sulfamethizole medication, maleimide group and Schiff bases, Polymer[V] demonstrated excellent inhibition against Bacillus subtilisa and E.coli.

This paper uses the potentiometric method to evaluate (amitriptyline hydrochloride, AM) by creating selective electrodes for AM drugs with the active ingredient (Ammonium Reinackate, AR) using a plasticizer (Dibutyl phthalate, DBP). The results showed that for (Coated Wire Electrode (CWE)) and Coated Graphite Electrode (CGE) respectively, the Nernstian slope of the prepared Am-AR-DBP electrodes is (57.293, 58.803 mV / decade). With a pH range of (4-7) and a concentration range of 1 ?? 10 ?? Λ(-6)-1 ?? 10 ?? Λ(-1) M for both electrodes, the upper and lower limit of detection for the Am-AR-DBP CGE is 0.2042M, 4.8 ?? 10 ? Λ(-7) M, and the upper and lower limit of detection for the Am-AR-DBP CWE electrode is 0.2051M, 4.91 ?? 10Λ(-7) M, respectively. The response time ranges from 20-83 sec, 14-76 sec for CWE and CGE electrodes respectively. For the CWE electrode, the age of the electrodes is 26 days, and for the CGE electrode, 42 days. The research included calculating the selectivity with the presence of interferers of these electrodes where the K(i, j)Λpot values for all ions were less than 1. In the estimation of the drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the pharmaceutical preparation (Amitriptyline tablets), the manufactured electrodes were used by following the direct process, the standard method of additions, the possible titration method and the homogeneity of the material sample, as well as the drug was estimated in urine and blood plasma with a recovery of not less than 100.57 for urine and 99.46 f for urine.

The combustion and pyrolysis processes of sewage sludge were studied in the current report. Two kinds of sewage sludge(SS) were used, SS the sewage sludge was not treated, while SS-U90KHz the ultrasonic bath pre-treated sewage sludge with a frequency of 90KHz was not treated. Wastewater treatment plants are the origins of waste sludge. Analyses were performed roughly and finally. Thermogravimetric research analyzed the thermal behaviour of the analysed sewage bucket (TGA). The samples were heated at a constant rate of 25 to 800 Celsius by air (combustion) and nitrogen flow (pyrolysis). For sludges which have been investigated. In the TG/DTG curves, comparable thermal profiles were available. All of the TG/curves DTG's were divided into three periods. At the same time, during the combustion stage, the sewage sludge decomposition occurred in the 180-580 0C range. The pyrolysis procedure took place at a lower rate, but less weight loss..

The present study investigated the use of pretreated fish bone (PTFB) as a new surface, natural waste and low-cost adsorbent for the adsorption of Methyl green (MG, as model toxic basic dye) from aqueous solutions. The functional groups and surface morphology of the untreated fish bone (FB) and pretreated fish bone were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The effect of operating parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and inorganic salt was evaluated. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were studied and the results showed that the adsorption of basic dye followed Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic modeling of the data at different temperatures confirmed pseudo-second-order(P-2-O) model, along with calculated thermodynamic parameters depicted that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Diffusion studies suggested that intra-particle diffusion is not the singular rate-controlling factor. The results indicated that 92% of MG capable of being sequestered under optimum adsorption conditions: pH 10.64, adsorbent dose 0.1 g/L, and 60 min contact time. Finally, the results showed that the pretreated fish bone can be effectively used as a proper adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solutions.

The synthesis of ligands with N₂S₂ donor sets that include imine, an amide, thioether, thiolate moieties and their metal complexes were achieved. The new Schiff-base ligands; N-(2-((2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-acetamide (H₂L¹) and N-(2-((2,4-di-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio) acetamide (H2L²) were obtained from the reaction of amine precursors with 1,4-dithian-2-one in the presence of triethylamine as a base in the CHCl3 medium. Complexes of the general formula K₂[M(Ln)Cl₂], (where: M = Mn (II), Co(II) and Ni(II)) and [M(Ln)], (where: M = Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II); n =1-2, expect [Cu(HL²)Cl]) were isolated. The entity of ligands and complexes including their purity were confirmed using elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.S), atomic absorption (A.A), chloride content, conductivity measurement's, melting point and thermal analysis technique. The molecular structures were elucidated with FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, ¹H-and ¹³C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The synthesised compounds were evaluated for their activity against bacterial strains (G+ and G-) and fungi species. The tested compounds indicated that; the ligands have not shown any antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The Cd(II) complexes, for ligands H2L¹ and H2L², display the higher antimicrobial activity, compared with the other complexes. The H₂L¹ and H₂L² have not shown any activity against Candida albicans. All complexes for ligands (H₂L¹ and H₂L²) exhibited less activity against Candida albicans, compared with other types of fungi.

In this paper; the modern method was used to remove the congo red dye (CR) from its aqueous solutions by chemometric separation. The nano charcoal activated (NCA) was used to remove the CR and the factors affecting the adsorption process were studied simultaneously to reduce the number of experiments followed and to rely on central composite design and the method of response surface by used statistica 12 program. This gives the relationship between all the variables simultaneously. It was found that the removal efficiency reached to 98.371%.

this paper contains preparation of Active carbon surface (AC) from pro so millet grain husks and Loading and activating by Iron oxide and hydrogen peroxide sequentially to obtain surface (ACIPE). The changes of previous processes on Active carbon surface were diagnosed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ). These surfaces (AC and ACIPE ) were using as adsorbent for removing of congo red dye from aqueous solutions under certain conditions through batch system. More than one kinetic model was applied to congo red dye adsorption process and it was found that the most kinetic model applied to it is a model ( pseudo second order model). In addition to the adsorption efficiency of the surface after activation and loading, it was much better than the main surface where the adsorption efficiency of the first and second surface was equal ( 27%, 85% ) sequentially at higher temperatures.

The speech signals inserted in the computer may be mixed as a result of interference with signals from other sources. These signals may be speech signals or noise. One of the most famous examples of this problem when a group of people speaking in the same time is the "Cocktail Party". This problem produces a mixture of different speech signals, called the mixed signal. To solve this problem, the audio signals that make up the mixed-signal must be restored to their sources. This task is called separating audio sources. In this paper, supervised Deep Recurrent Neural Networks with Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (Supervised DRNN-BLSTM) were used. To achieve a monaural source separation, we build a model to separate audio signals from a monaural mixed signal. This mixed signal consists of two different audio signals (male-female). We predict two types of time-frequency masks (Ideal Ratio Mask (IRM), and Optimal Ratio Mask (ORM). They are used to achieve the separation of the target audio sources from the mixed signal. We test the model on a dataset with (500) mixed signals. Each mixed signal three seconds in length and consists of two speaker signals (Female-Male). They are recorded in a stereo format at 8192kHz, our approach achieves Signal-to-Distortion ratio (SDR) (0.183.db), Source-to-interference Ratio (SIR) (0.198.db), and Source-to-Artifacts Ratio (SAR) (0.13.db) gain using (ORM) mask compared to the existing model using (IRM) mask.

In order to enhance the production efficiency, scheduling problem of job-shop has used that thought of complex problem with complicated constraints and structure. This problem is characterized as NP-hard. In most cases, the excessive complexity of the problem makes it difficult to discover the best solution within affordable time. Hence, searching for estimated solutions in polynomial time rather than precise solutions at excessive cost is favored for challenging situations of the problem. In this paper, a parallel genetic algorithm with proposed adaptive genetic operators and migration operation is applied for job-shop scheduling problem. Through tests on numerous different experimental cases, the adaptive operator of genetic algorithm and the parallelism strategy are considerably improving the results effectively while decreasing the computation time. Also, the migration operation gives a greater effect on the performance of the algorithms.

The Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) is the next step in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology used for Cognitive Computing, which plays a main role in health and disease diagnosis. The study was suggested a diagnosis method to sound sensitivity by developing a framework with IoT and cloud based on a facial expression recognition system. It was achieved through the creation of a cognitive IoT hardware-based environment and the elements of the programs that are implemented to test the behaviour of people suffering from sound sensitivity, this operation is done by using a camera and image processing and it used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a facial recognition software to track human facial emotions through live video. The sentiment values were analysed that they were collected and stored in a cloud using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) protocol. These emotions were categorized as abnormal or normal. Normal states represented by happy or natural feelings that give the impression that the environment is suitable for people's senses and that they do not suffer from discomfort towards this environment, therefore; the system operates on a mechanism to increase the volume in this environment by using an Arduino microcontroller. Although the device operates automatically in the event of hypersensitivity detection, it reduces this severity. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed system in recognizing facial emotions with 80% accuracy.

In modern devices, many personal identification systems are used using various biometrics to confirm the identity of an individual and identify him for several purposes. Some of these essential biometrics are used in this paper to help identify a person while attaining social distance because of the widespread epidemics. The features of the face, eyes, nose, and finally, the features of the mouth are used in this article. The work begins by detecting the parts of multibiometric from the input images using Viola-Jones face detection algorithm with a modification to it then segment them. After that, various initial treatment processes begin which helps clarify them to facilitate subsequent operations. Also, a Histogram of oriented gradient method(HOG) is used to extract the significant features of those image segments. The extracted features from these segments are entered into the developed cuckoo search algorithm(DCSA), the best image segment within the used dataset is searched for similar in terms of characteristics to the entered image segment. The work has also been developed so that the system is executed on two cores using parallel processing technology to utilize the processor as much as possible and reduce the time it takes to implement the system and identify the person concerned. A high identification rate has been reached, reaching 99.25%, and overall speed up 1.40323 sec relative to serial execution.

In the wake of the outbreak of the new coronavirus, the countries in the world have fought to combat the spread of infection and imposed preventive measures to compel the population to social distancing, which led to a global crisis. Important strategies must be studied and identified to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus COVID-19 disease 2019. In this paper, the effect of preventive strategies on COVID-19 spread was studied, a model based on supervised data mining algorithms was presented and the best algorithm was suggested on the basis of accuracy. In this model, three classifiers (Naive Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron and J48) depended on the questionnaires filled out by Basra City respondents. The questionnaires consisted of 25 questions that covered fields most related to and that affect the prevention of COVID-19 spread, including demographic, psychological, health management, cognitive, awareness and preventive factors. A total of 1017 respondents were collected. This model was developed using Weka 3.8 tool. Results showed that quarantine played an important role in controlling the spread of the disease. By comparing the accuracy of the algorithms used, the best algorithm was found to be J48.

The global economy is constantly evolving and corporate technology and business are an important factor in this development and because of the accompanying negative impact on the environment and society, the role of sustainability and sustainable development highlights. To further investigate the scope of the green software development process and its integration with information systems such as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, we presented this study due to its importance in minimizing the negative effects of information technology on our natural environment. In this connection, there is a have to combine sustainability and information technology allow organizations to behave in a manner to going greener. Comprehending that the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is one of the very effective commercial enterprise solutions for organizations, it is necessary to align its use with sustainability factors through the utilization of green IT practices, the objective of this research study is to provide a design model to enhance ERP system in green software development process. So every company must look into the impact of the utilization of Information and communications technology (ICT) on our natural environment and take care to adopt methods to decrease the effects negative on its. Therefore, knowledge management (KM) can be used as the facilitation tool. This research paper presents the results of qualitative research, which proposes a model that to the possibility of enhancing the implementation of the ERP system in the Green Software Development Process by using green IT practices and knowledge management as facilitation tools.

COVID 19 has spread rapidly around the world due to the lack of a suitable vaccine; therefore the early prediction of those infected with this virus is extremely important attempting to control it by quarantining the infected people and giving them possible medical attention to limit its spread. This work suggests a model for predicting the COVID 19 virus using feature selection techniques. The proposed model consists of three stages which include the preprocessing stage, the features selection stage, and the classification stage. This work uses a data set consists of 8571 records, with forty features for patients from different countries. Two feature selection techniques are used in order to select the best features that affect the prediction of the proposed model. These are the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) as wrapper feature selection and the Extra Tree Classifier (ETC) as embedded feature selection. Two classification methods are applied for classifying the features vectors which include the Naïve Bayesian method and Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) method. The results were 56.181%, 97.906% respectively when classifying all features and 66.329%, 99.924% respectively when classifying the best ten features using features selection techniques.

This paper proposes a new approach, of Clustering Ultrasound images using the Hybrid Filter (CUHF) to determine the gender of the fetus in the early stages. The possible advantage of CUHF, a better result can be achieved when fuzzy c-mean FCM returns incorrect clusters. The proposed approach is conducted in two steps. Firstly, a preprocessing step to decrease the noise presented in ultrasound images by applying the filters: Local Binary Pattern (LBP), median, median and discrete wavelet (DWT), (median, DWT & LBP) and (median & Laplacian) ML. Secondly, implementing Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) for clustering the resulted images from the first step. Amongst those filters, Median & Laplace has recorded a better accuracy. Our experimental evaluation on real data from the Kadhimiya teaching hospital shows that the proposed CUHF is a better method when compared to the accuracy of the other integrated filters.

Air pollution has a wide and great influence on the concentration of constituents of the atmosphere, which leads to many effects such as acid rains and global warming. In order to avoid such unwanted adverse imbalances in the nature, designing an air pollution monitoring system (APMS) is very important. This paper discussed the development of an effective solution for monitoring the air pollution by making an Arduino-Based Air Pollution Monitoring System (APMS). Carbon monoxide and Carbon Dioxide concentration levels in air were measured and monitored using MQ4 and MQ7 gas sensors and Arduino atmega microcontroller. These sensors can detect many harmful gases and can be used for measuring their amount very accurately. The concentrations of CO and CO2 in particle per million (PPM) will be monitored and displayed on the LCD very easily. Based on these measurements the pollution level could be monitored, determined, and displayed. The experiments were carried out using the developed wireless APMS under various physical conditions. The results showed that the designed system collects reliable and reasonable real time pollution data. Three hour sampling time was executed in each location. One of the logical functions that are widely used is fuzzy logic. A fuzzy logic artificial intelligence for gas sensors is used which clarifies the presence as well as the concentration of CO and CO2 efficiently. Fuzzy logic will gives the decision about whether the air is polluted or unpolluted. This logic function we can process some existing data into a form of output which can be in the form of a status or state of action that will be performed by a tool. This proposed system will contribute in the construction of an APMS in the outdoor or even in the indoor environment.

Animal detection techniques are one of the researcher's interests and challenge. There are many difficulties faces by the researchers in this field that reduce the detection performance and efficiency, such as variation of image illumination, animal occlusion, the similarity of animal colors with background environment, etc.

Multi-label Image Detection and classification of Mammals animals is the goal of this paper which we proposed to achieve in this proposal by using Single Shot Multi-Box Detector (SSD) and MobileNet v1 coco_2017 model. Localizing and classifying multiple objects (animals) of the Mammal category in digital images is another goal. The suggested SSD is regarded as a more accurate, fast, and efficient way to detect objects of different sizes based on deep learning technology.

In this proposal, we used 2000 images in the network were collected from the standard dataset (such as Caltech 101) and the net. The SSD framework improves the detection and recognition processes of Convolution Neural Network (CNN). During the prediction time, the network introduces scores to the presence of every object class and bounded each object in the image with a box. Each box has a label that indicates the type of the object and the score represents the probability of the relationship of the object to that type. Boxes during the process are modified for getting the best matching to the object's shape. The experimental results of this work proved the efficiency of classifying and detecting animals even in the variation of illumination, pose, and occlusion. Detection and classification accuracy is up to 98.7 %. This suggestion is more reliable and accurate than other similar works and detects a wide range of Mammals animals, unlike other similar works.

The art of preventing the detection of hidden information messages is the way that steganography work. Several algorithms have been proposed for steganographic techniques. A major portion of these algorithms is specified for image steganography because the image has a high level of redundancy. This paper proposed an image steganography technique using a dynamic threshold produced by the discrete cosine coefficient. After dividing the green and blue channel of the cover image into 1*3-pixel blocks, check if any bits of green channel block less or equal to threshold then start to store the secret bits in blue channel block, and to increase the security not all bits in the chosen block used to store the secret bits. Firstly, store in the center of the block and then store another bit in the write or left bit depended on differences between them.

The proposed method was applied to many color images and many measurement terms used to show the efficiency of it. The experiment result showed good result that the PSNR = 53.76, MSE = 0.273, SSIM= 0.999, with embedding rates 0.55

In the field of data processing and analysis, the dataset may be a large set of features that restrict data usability and applicability, and thus the dimensions of data sets need to be reduced. Feature selection is the process of removing as much of the redundant and irrelevant features as possible from the original dataset to improve the mining process efficiency. This paper presented a study to evaluate and compare the effect of filter and wrapper methods as feature selection approaches in terms of classification accuracy and time complexity. The Naive Bayes Classifier and three classification datasets from the UCI repository are utilizing in the classification procedure. To investigate the effect of feature selection methods, they are applied to the different characteristics datasets to obtain the selected feature vectors which are then classified according to each dataset category. The datasets used in this paper are the Iris, Ionosphere, and Ovarian Cancer dataset. Experimental results indicate that the filter and wrapper methods provide approximately equal classification accuracy where the average accuracy value of the Ionosphere and Ovarian Cancer dataset is 0.78 and 0.91 for the same selected feature vectors respectively. For Iris dataset, the filter method outperforms the wrapper method by achieving the same accuracy value using only half number of selected features. The results also show that the filter method surpasses when considering the execution time.

The present paper builds a security system to encrypt and hide important text data. The system utilized an AES method to conduct an encryption process, followed by hiding the encrypted data using an improved Pixel Value Difference (PVD) technique. The method works to builds a map to hide data in a non-sequential way by relying on a hyperchaotic system to increase the security level. The system methodology proposed that the data embedding process is in one of the three levels of the colour image (Red, Green, and Blue), where the embedding level will determined based on the coordinates of the PVD pair points that is increase the efficiency of performance. A set of measures was used to measure the quality of steganography where we used MSE, PSNR, SNR, and Corr, and the results are well and satisfactory. The proposed method records the least MSE value with 0.85348784908256, while the Corr values did not decrease about 0.994145776227782. The proposed method also proved successful and effective in retrieving and decoding data, where the BER scale was equal to zero for all retrieved text.

In this paper, we propose an experimental study of multi-camera collaborative network for surveillance the highway traffic turn in real life scenario, the target of surveillance based offline video processing is capturing the violated vehicles that driving violated paths in many cases specified by user-defined rules. Best topology of the experiment zone is considered and covered by four pillars; each has two (fixed and motorized) cameras that casing the entire specific effective field of view. As to author knowledge, there is no such available experiment, and hence, it could serve researchers that interested in. However, the experiment is done for around 180 recorded hours for 8 videos during 9 days, each video for one camera. It is designed based on the collaborative cameras principle for intelligent video surveillance systems and the outcomes show that the surveillance and the tracking of violated vehicles have been successes in most user-defined rules cases for more than 90 % cases.

Blockchain technology has revolutionized economic transactions, and it is expected to spread and influence other fields. It can create innovative and destructive effects on the systems that need to be executed, store, verified, and continually update digital data among participating parties. Moreover, it provides security, privacy, trust, and transparency. In the education field, there is a shy presence of some blockchain applications, and the majority of them have a pilot character. Hence, a model based on blockchain is introduced in this study, which aims to provides easy to apply for certificates, as well as share and verify these certificates with a third party. Moreover, the mechanism of the proposed model proposes permanent distributed hashes records of students' certificates in Higher Education to reduce forgery. In conclusion, the study discussed the opportunities, benefits, features, and challenges are represented by deploying this model in the Higher Education field.

The concept of interfacing brains with robots/machines has been capturing human interests for a long time. The technology of the Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been aimed at building an interface between the brain and any electronic/electrical device (such as, smart home appliance, a wheelchair, and robotics devices) with the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) that can be defined as a non-invasive approach for the measurement of the electrical potentials from the electrodes that have been placed on the scalp, produced by the activity of the brain. Over the past years, pattern classification was a highly challenging research field. Presently, the tasks of the pattern classification. In this paper, we chose motor imagery with the use of the single trial EEG signal, the SOM has been utilized to classify the signal processing algorithm ( FICA). In comparison to other algorithms of the EEG signal analyses. It has achieved a classification accuracy of up to 88.% in comparison with the other method where the reported accuracy has been 65%. The SOM classification algorithm has been fast, simple, efficient, and easy to use. It achieved satisfactory results at the BCI.

Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) has a significant impact in the military as well as civil applications. Recognizing the modulation of the received signal has been considered as an intermediate step between the detection and demodulation of the signal. Which is why, in many military and communication systems, the AMR is considered as part of the system. Presently, due to increasing digital modulations in military and civil applications. Digital modulation recognition is especially important. Usually for the AMR a small number of the received signal features are obtained and utilized. The choice of the suitable feature plays an important part in the increase of AMR efficiency. The presented paper indicates hybrid intelligent system for the recognitions of digital signal types, consisting of 3 major modules: classifier module, feature extraction module and J48 Classifier that was used for the first time in our research in the field of classification of modulated signals and optimization module by Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO). To get better results of the system suggested optimization the features to discard weak or irrelevant features in the system and keep only strong relevant features Chicken Swarm Optimization. The results of simulation confirm the high accuracy of recognition that is related to the suggested system even at low SNR.

An opportunistic resource utilization network (denoted as Oppnet) is a type of network that enables its node to cooperate in an opportunistic and ad hoc manner. Cooperation in oppnet includes sharing node computational resources, rather than only opportunistic communication in the traditional opportunistic networks. The key idea of oppnet is its ability to grow from seed node (initiator) to expanded oppnet via joining more nodes until getting the desired resources in a timely manner. This expansion raises the security risk of joining malicious nodes and threatens the oppnet including nodes and data. Besides, uncontrolled oppnet expansion might allow joining nodes with low computational capabilities or limited resources that have delayed responses, and hence affect the performance of oppnet. This study aims to mitigate these two problems by proposing a new oppnet paradigm (an enhanced version of original oppnet) called Trust-based Secure Cooperative Oppnet (TSCO) that utilizing a trust as a foundation for security and cooperation. Trust foundation is the major aspect of TSCO, which relies mainly on establishing trust value for each oppnet node and updating these values based on cooperation experience with those nodes. In TSCO, oppnet nodes have classified based on their trust values in which the highest trust value has the priority to join oppnet, if it exists within the specific range. Otherwise, the second-highest trust value takes priority, and so on. To test the feasibility of TSCO in realistic systems, a framework of using TSCO as an oppnet expansion control regarding security and cooperation is simulated. The experimental results show that TSCO has a better performance in terms of secure, success expansion, and cooperation. The success rate of TSCO is higher than the success rate of the original oppnet (our experimental baseline). In addition, regarding the time of satisfying oppnet tasks, TSCO shows less average latency than the baseline.

In this work, we modified Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind to match the characteristics of a second order differential equation that is a result of a separation of the variable technique used to solve a partial differential diffusion equation. The resultant polynomials solution in one spatial dimension is found and the corresponding changing parameters for the first order differential equation in time are extracted accordingly. The method is tested for applicability, stability, and convergence.

In this paper, the methods of weighted residuals: Collocation Method (CM), Least Squares Method (LSM) and Galerkin Method (GM) are used to solve the thin film flow (TFF) equation. The weighted residual methods were implemented to get an approximate solution to the TFF equation. The accuracy of the obtained results is checked by calculating the maximum error remainder functions (MER). Moreover, the outcomes were examined in comparison with the 4^th-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) and good agreements have been achieved. All the evaluations have been successfully implemented by using the computer system Mathematica®10.

Binary knapsack problem has received considerable attention in combinational optimization. Various meta-heuristic algorithms are dedicated to solve this problem in the literature. Recently, a binary flower pollination algorithm (BFPA) was proposed, which has been successfully applied to solve 0-1 knapsack problem. In this paper, two new time-varying transfer functions are proposed to improve the exploration and exploitation capability of the BFPA with the best solution and short computing time. Based on small, medium, and high-dimensional scales of the knapsack problem, the computational results reveal that the proposed time-varying transfer functions not only to find the best possible solutions but also to have less computational time. Compared to the standard transfer functions, the efficiency of the proposed time-varying transfer functions is superior, especially in the high-dimensional scales.

The Syriac language is one of the oldest languages in the world. So far, some people speak it, for example in Iraq, Syria, southeastern Turkey and other countries. In this work, the Syriac letters were coded according to what was adopted by Sami and Mahmood in 2017 using the e-abacus diagram. More than one method is used to encode the English letters or diagrams that follow the concepts of partition theory. Each of them was taking its own path and the vision was to start with what Mohommed et al looked like in 2015 through the orbit concept. Then make the comparisons to observe the most efficient, fastest and most accurate method that could be followed.

In the present paper first we recall the definition of algebra fuzzy metric space and some basic properties of algebra fuzzy metric space are introduced. Our goal is to prove the fixed point theorem in fuzzy complete algebra fuzzy metric space. Finally, the application to this theorem introduced.

In this paper, we study the convergence and Δ —convergence results of K —iteration process for Lipschizian self-mapping with L ≥ 1in CAT (H) spaces, H > 0.

This study emphasizes the flow phenomenon of trapped bolus traveling along the interior walls of asymmetric inclined channels contains a non-Newtonian Ree-Eyring. The flow was exposed to influenced by inclined MHD field, thermal heat radiative, and porous media. Further, no slip and convective thermal conditions are considered. Mathematical expression for governing equations are reformulated and in accordance with lubrication approximations, nonlinear partial differential equations of the flow reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations associated with boundary conditions an approximate solution is deduced by implementing perturbation strategy for tiny A Ree-Eyring fluid parameter. Finally, a graphical description is presented to figure out the elevation behavior of flow quantities i.e. velocity profile, temperature distribution, pressure rise, and streamlines formulation due to variation of emerging involved parameters. The study analyzed that the velocity profile reveals mixed behavior via increment of Ree-Eyring parameters η, A as well as Hartman number H and Darcy number Da. whereas the thermal radiative parameter Rn accelerates the temperature distribution profile. The study calculations are made by the "Mathematica 11.3" package.

The dynamic fault tree expands fault tree by giving the design of complex system components' actions and crossings. Because DFT is high grade design and simple to use it is proving a rising not fail through reliability researchers. Unluckily, an issue of problems as yet stays when we using DFT These problems are (1) There are no formalities, (2) restriction in symbolic analysis and thus sensitiveness to increasing the trouble, and (3) there is a few of modular type-structure. Chain of Markov (I/O-IMC) input/output formularization are used to analyse DFT. I/O-IMC have accurate semantics and are expansion of uninterrupted-time Markov chains with output and input conducts.

This paper presents the concepts of prepaths, paths, and cycles in α-topological spaces and studies them in orderable spaces. Also, many relationships are proved with their equivalences using some properties in topological spaces like compactness and locally connectedness.

The Transmuted Topp Leone Flexible Weibull distribution was developed in this paper using the Transmuted Topp Leone family of distributions and its basic statistical properties were established. Estimation of model parameters was considered using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and three real life applications were provided. The TTLFW distribution is a promising model as its performance relative to other compounds probability models like the Exponentiated Flexible Weibull, Weibull Flexible Weibull, Kumaraswamy Flexible Weibull, Beta Flexible Weibull, Gamma Flexible Weibull, and Exponentiated Generalized Flexible Weibull distributions is quite credible.

In this paper, we employ the maximum likelihood estimator in addition to the shrinkage estimation procedure to estimate the system reliability (R_k) contain K^th parallel components in the stress-strength model, when the stress and strength are independent and non-identically random variables and they follow two parameters Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution (EIWD). Comparisons among the proposed estimators were presented depend on simulation established on mean squared error (MSE) criteria.

The goal of this article is to give the concepts of Regular space and Normal space in the topological graph space also generalize α and β that to Regular space and Normal space where the relationship between these concepts were given. Finally, some characteristics of these concepts were investigated.

The concepts G-g-closedness and G-g-openness were used to popularize presented modern classes of separation axioms in grill topological spaces. Many relationships between multiple kinds of these classes are summarized, too.

We present the notion of bipolar fuzzy k-ideals with thresholds (θ, λ) of a KU-algebra with semigroup and give some basic properties of this ideal. Also, we study some relations about a bipolar fuzzy k-ideal with thresholds (θ, λ) and a k-ideal of a KU-semigroup.

In the present work, the new quartic trigonometric B-spline approach based on finite difference scheme is described to solve the one dimensional non-linear equation of (Benjamin – Bona-Mahony-Burger). Dirichlet boundary with the help of applying the von-Neumann stability analysis is also used in this description. While the time derivative part is discretized by using the finite difference scheme. In the space dimension, the quartic trigonometric B-spline is also used as an interpolation function. The execution of this method which is used in the present work showed that the quartic trigonometric B-spline method is a more efficient and effective tool and gives better results according to the comparisons that are made with the precise solution for a different time and some other published numerical methods.

In this paper, a new class of non-convex functions called semi strongly (E, F)-convex functions are presented. This class represents a natural extension of semi strongly E-convex functions shown in the literature. Different properties of this class of functions are discussed. Optimality properties of constrained optimization problems in which the objective function or the inequality constraints functions are semi strongly (E, F)-convex are proved for this class.

In this paper, we suggest a new method for the numerical solution of fuzzy nonlinear equations in parametric form using a new Conjugate Gradient Technique. Table of the numerical solution is given to show the efficiency of the proposed method and which is compared with classical algorithms such as (Fletcher and Reeves (FR), Polak and Ribiere (PRP), and Fletcher (CD)) techniques.

The aim of this paper is to a geometric construction of Surface Complete (k, r)-cap in PG(3,7). We found that the maximum complete (k, 2)-cap which is called an ovaloid, exists in PG (3, 7) when k = 23. Moreover the complete (k, 3)-caps, (k, 4)-caps and (k, 5)-caps,(k,6)-caps, (k,7)-caps, (k,8)-caps, and we obtain a new example for theorem(2.8 ).

In this paper, stability in a polynomial model called a polynomial self-regression model with trigonometric boundaries was studied. A linear approximation technique was used, and the Box-Genghis method was used in data analysis, and time series modeling of numbers of people with media. Data were obtained from AL-Yarmouk Hospital in Baghdad AL-Karkh for the period (2011-2016) shows the numbers of patients with the disease through the technique of Linear approximation. Then we found the single point and the stability of the final cycle, and we tried to apply the results that we obtained on the correct data for audit.

Let R be a Ring with identity and let T be a unitary left Module over R. In this paper, we recall the concepts of generalized projectivity and *generalized projectivity. These types of projectivity are very useful for the study on direct sums of Modules to be semihollow-lifting.

In this article, we recalled different types of iterations as Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, CR-iteration and, Modified SP_iteration of quasi δ-contraction mappings, and we proved that all these iterations equivalent to approximate fixed points of δ-contraction mappings in Banach spaces.

Our goal in this article is to recall the notion of algebra fuzzy normed space and its basic properties to introduce the notion of fuzzy compact algebra fuzzy normed space. Then some properties of fuzzy compact algebra fuzzy normed spaces are proved. After that, we study a finite dimensional algebra fuzzy normed space and we proved some properties that algebra fuzzy normed spaces do not admit it.

In this paper, we continue studies of several other authors, on QⱤ (quasi-regular) and JCPI (JCP-injective) rings. In particular, we investigate some characterizations of several basic properties of QⱤ and JCPI rings. Also, we prove that, if Ɽ is a semisimple and quasi duo, then Ɽ is strongly regular if and only if every simple singular right Ɽ-modules are JCPI.

Image analysis took wide areas in many fields, including medicine, physics, and other areas where you need a tool to deal with it smoothly and softly without losing the original image information. Using an image of a sample of a physical atom that was analyzed and highlighting the compression and raising the noise, histogram and statistics the image statistics where the best results were recorded when using a specific threshold i.e. when pressing the methods were used the first has the threshold methods is Balance sparsity-norm, Remove near 0 and Bal-sparsity-norm(sqrt). As for the methods of raising the noise are fixed form thresholding method with soft threshold, penalize high with hard threshold, penalize medium with hard threshold, penalize low with hard threshold, Bal sparsity norm (sqrt) with soft threshold, where image parameters were divided into approximation coefficients and details coefficients. Through the analysis, a suitable threshold value was obtained, which helps to restore energy that leads to the fact that the compressed necessity did not lose much of its original information, which proves the new wavelets in the field of physical and medical imaging.

The study of homomorphisms in cubic sets is considered one of the important concepts that transfer algebraic properties between different structures, so we study a homomorphism of a cubic set of a semigroup in a KU-algebra and defined the product of two cubic sets in this structure. Firstly, we define the image and the inverse image of a cubic set in a KU-semigroup and achieve some results in this notion. Secondly, the Cartesian product of cubic subsets in a KU-semigroup is discussed and some important characteristics are proved.

This paper presents an iterative method Accelerated Predictor-Corrector Hally's Method (AHM) for finding the voltage of a single-diode model for a solar cell from the equivalent circuit. The purposes of the obtained results are to reduce the number of iterations. Two numerical methods are applied and compared; Newton's and Hally's methods. The results showed that the proposed is the most efficient compare with NRM. The purpose of the present work is to acquire the results of photovoltaic parameters using two numerical models and the comparison between them. The acquired results presented the suggested technique (NRM) is a sufficient tool, powerful method to solve this model with the least iteration. All the calculations are achieved using Matlab program.

In this paper, the concept of soft open set is inserted by using soft ideal with soft pre-open sets, like: soft-ᶅ-pre-g-open sets "spᶅg-open" some of the characteristics of these sets are offered. New soft functions are given such as; sᶅpg-open functions, soft ᶅ*pg-open functions, soft ᶅ** pg-open functions, soft ᶅpg-continuous functions, strongly soft ᶅpg-continuous functions and soft ᶅpg-irresolute-functions. New separation axioms and convergences are introduced by using soft-ᶅ-pre-g-open sets like; sᶅpg-Ʈ₀-space, sᶅpg-Ʈ₁-space, sᶅpg-Ʈ₂-space. some figures and suggestions have been introduced the relationships with near soft functions as well some examples are explained.

In this work, the exact operational matrices for shifted Pell polynomials are achievable; so one can integrate and product the vector of basic functions s. The general form of the matrix of integration P is established, the dual matrix of integration Q is derived with general formulation, and the general form of the matrix derived from the product of two shifted Pell polynomials has been given. This idea is implemented on shifted Pell basis vector. Using such exact matrices, then the resident function of the equation is reached which can be written as R.P(x), where R is an algebraic equation vector and P(x) is the shifted Pell basis vector. The presented matrices can be utilized to find the approximate solution of differential equations, integral equation and the calculus of variations problems. An investigation for the convergence and error analysis of the proposed shifted Pell expansion is performed. Numerical treatment for problems in physics are included in this work to demonstrate the accuracy, easy to implement as well as accurate and satisfactory results with a small number of shifted Pell basis. Using operational matrices and the spectral technique are used together for solving Lane-Emden equation.

In this paper, two pairs of embedded Runge-Kutta (RK) type techniques for straightforwardly tackling third-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the form v''' = f(x, v, v') signified as RKTGD strategies were proposed and explored. Relying on the order conditions, the primary pair with mathematical order 4 and 3 was called RKTGD4(3), while different has order 5 and 4, and was named RKTGD5(4). The new strategies were determined so that the higher-order techniques were exact and the lower order techniques would bring about the best error estimates. At that point, variables step-size codes were created to support the methods and utilized in solving a lot of third-order problems. Comparisons were made between mathematical results and existing embedded RK pairs within the scientific literature, that require the problems to be reduced into a system of first-order ODEs, and the effectiveness of the new RKTGD pairs have appeared.

In the paper estimate of the shape parameter for power function distribution was proposed. For different sample sizes (small, medium, and large). Using different methods, Maximum likelihood method, Moment method, Shrinkage methods, and Least square method. mean square error (MSE) was implemented as an indicator of performance and comparisons of performance have been carried out through data analysis and computer simulation between the estimation methods according to the applied indicator. It was observed from the results that the shrinkage method (constant weight factor (sh₂)) estimates for the shape parameter are the best in performance for each case.

A new idea of mixing was introduced in this paper. Mixing parameters; p_i where 0 ≤ p_i ≤ 1 and $\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{p}_{i}=1$ are used to find a new distribution from mixing some distributions. Therefore, we can get many mixed distributions with several parameters. Three distributions Weibull, Rayleigh, and Exponential are mixed to get a new distribution which is more flexible than these distributions. The mixed distribution with a new parameter is representing the ratio of contribution of each of these distributions which are mixed. Several values of the mixing parameter were taken, and the properties of the mixed distribution were found. Two methods (MLE and OLS) of estimation are used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution. Simulation studies are used to prove the properties of new distribution and to apply the estimation method to estimate the parameters of new distribution.

In this paper, the branch and bound technique used to solve a single machine scheduling problem, which is the problem of scheduling n-job on a single machine of multi-objective function with triangle fuzzy due date numbers which are formulated as $1\backslash {\tilde{D}}_{j}=TFN\backslash \displaystyle {\sum }_{j=1}^{n}{C}_{j}+{L}_{\max }$. The target of this paper is to obtained optimal sequence of our problem. The computational results are calculated by using Matlab program and compare the results with the complete enumeration method.

In this work, we adopt B. spline function of two variables basis for solving linear multi-dimensional delay Volterra integral equations nonhomogeneous of the second type. We employ the two methods to approximate solution via B. spline function of two variables basis that yields linear system. Some examples are given, the results shown in tables and figures. These methods are very effective, convenient and overcome the difficulty of traditional methods. We solve this problem with the assistance of Matlab18.

The aim of the present work is to define a new class of closed soft sets in soft closure spaces, namely, generalized closed soft sets (gc-soft sets, for short) which are defined over an initial universe set with a fixed set of parameters. This new class is a generalization to the class of closed soft sets. A necessary condition for a gc-soft set to be a soft closed is also obtainable. Moreover, the union and intersection of two gc-soft sets are discussed. Besides, some properties of gc-soft sets in the product soft closure spaces are also studied. Also, as an application of gc-soft sets a new soft separation axiom, namely ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$-soft closure space is introduced and its basic properties are investigated.

Amazing results in many works in the field of deep convolutional neural networks using them in many fields of machine learning such as image classification control of atrial play, and image annotation. Mathematical analysis of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) has a broad role in many applications including image classification applications. Face recognition technology has occupied a wide field in research that is still continuing in this work. Face recognition technology is being developed depending on the MATLAB program to develop the subjecting of the color image to the neural convolution network and the work of a program to reduce the time the network deals with the image to reduce the number of layers to only two layers and access the algorithm Suggested in this work. Computer vision of a color image in a face detection study. In this work, the researcher created a fast algorithm to reach the research goal based on new standards in the field of face detection. A new face detection program was designed using MATLAB, CascadeObjectDetector and trainCascadeObjectDetector the face detection devices were developed. In this work, a technique for panning and color image using the convolutional neural network for deep learning is proposed, the method used to reach the goal of this work.

The purpose of present paper is to introduce and investigate the univalence criteria of holomorphic functions by employ a basically general form of Srivastava-Attiya operator. In specific, we derive several sufficient conditions of univalence for the generalized Srivastava-Attiya operator. Furthermore, number of famous univalent conditions would follow across specializing the parameters involved. Relevant connections with other related previous works are also indicating.

Since the appearance of Young's diagram, it has played a fundamental and pivotal role in many fields of mathematics, perhaps the most prominent of which is algebra, graph theory, number theory...etc, and many closely related relationships, perhaps among them The most prominent is called conjugation. Many people try to find a mathematical method to find the value of the hash value in its conjugated form. Here, we will propose two new methods for the same purpose.

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain questionable references [1].

IOP Publishing has investigated in line with the COPE guidelines and have found the article contains unreliable references that have no significant relevance to the article and agree this article should be retracted [2].

The authors neither agree nor disagree to this retraction.

[1] https://pubpeer.com/publications/2AE026290395620A7918F33163C7B0

[2] Eman Hato 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.1879 022088

Retraction published: 13 February 2023