Table of contents

The ISCPS Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), it had been held at Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq(http://sci.uokufa.edu.iq/), at 13 and 14 July 2020, ISCPS also hosted a session from 3^rd Creativity and Innovation Forum which it's had been held at University of Babylon. The Conference provided a forum for discussion and sharing between lecturers, researchers, academics, practitioners, communities, and Information technology specialists, from universities, research institutes, corporations, industries, the government, and the general public in terms of Pure and Applied Sciences in the aspect of Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, and Mathematics. The conference has been a great opportunity for participants coming from UK, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Qatar, Algeria, Syria, Iran, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Palestine, Senegal, Morocco, and Many other Countries to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas.

List of Conference Chairs, Editorial Committee, Organizing Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Scientific Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions and Sponsors are available in this pdf.

Mentioned Attendees table available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Review Conference are available in this pdf.

Modern buildings without air conditioning are unimaginable. This made them closely related to indoor air quality, especially microbial content. Filters and ducts of AC are colonized by microorganisms, and the air flowing from the AC will carry fungal structures that affect human health. Forty indoor air samples were collected by the plate exposure method from the air current of conditioners in classrooms/secondary school. Samples were collected at the start of operation (S1) and two hours after (S2). This study aimed to isolate and identify of fungi from AC air current, and analysis of the fungal community, as well as in vitro antifungal exam of eight oil vapor against Aspergillus niger. Oils of Hacinathus sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Myrtus communis, Eucalyptus sp., Laurus nobilis, Cinnamon sp., Rosemary officinalis, and Cyperus rotundus were used. Eight fungal genera were listed from a total of 355 fungal colonies: Aspergillus (4 sp.), Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp, Mucor sp, Alternaria, Geotrichum, Candida, Rhodotorula, besides sterile mycelia. From S1 and S2 samples, 189 colonies (8 genera), and 83 colonies (5 genera) were recognized respectively. Aspergilli showed the highest occurrence of 100% and frequency76.4%. All examined vapor reduced growth of A. niger, C. citratus, Eucalyptus sp., and Cinnamon sp. oils gave the highest significant antifungal activity in comparison with control. It was realized that ACs are an effective source of indoor airborne fungi, and eco-friendly materials have shown significant antifungal activity. They can be the choice of the future.

The current study was carried out in the private orchard in Kitiabn region in Basrah governorate to study the effect of two male cultivars ( Ghanamy akhdar, Khikri adi) and two methods of date palm propagation (offshoots and tissue culture techniques) on physico-chemical characteristics of date palm fruits during the developing stages (Habbabuk, Kimri and Khalal). Twelve trees of the Barhi cultivar were selected as similar as possible in age (5 years), growth and had the same agricultural practices. Six flower clusters (spadix) were selected from each tree and removed the rest. An experiment was designed according to Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates and the mean differences were compared by using the least significant difference (L.S.D) test at the probability level of 0.05. Results showed that Barhi date palm pollinated with Khikri adi pollen grains and propagated by offshoots were superior in the most studied characteristics at habbabuk stage. At Kimri stage, the date palms propagated by offshoots and pollinated with Ghanamy akhdar was the best in the most studied characteristics, while at Khalal stage results indicated to the superiority of Ghanamy akhdar pollen grains and tissue culture techniques method in most of the physico-chemical characteristics.

The present study was conducted as atrial to treat secondary hydatidosis in white mice of species Mus musculus. (Balb/c strain), experimentally infected with secondary hydatid cysts of sheep origin. The immunization process was carried by using CF/PS antigen which consist hydatid cyst fluid (CF) antigen, and protoscolices (PS) antigen mixed together and by using two concentrations 7.5, 15 mg/ml. Then derivatives of Benzimidazole, Mebendazole (M) and drugs Albendazole (A) were used 10 and 40 μm/gm body weight respectively. The mixture of drugs was used one week after challenged dose. Criteria taken into consideration to define the activity of the immunization and chemotherapy in this study were reduction in the numeral of cysts, the coefficient of split cells in spleen and boon marrow, and measurement cellular and humoral immune response. The results of the present consider demonstrated those portray the viability about immunization also chemotherapy all the while over decay those numeral of growing cyst, toward that perspective stately both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Those outcomes indicated raise those safe reactions that replicated diminish numeral Also breadth for hydatid growth. Those goal that viability of immunotherapeutic state over reversal those developing from growing hydatid cysts to mice.

Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus lentus are a widespread bacterial species in the aquatic environment, isolate from different aquatic environments, and it is a responsible for bacterial disease of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in freshwater fish, in addition to other species. Furthermore, the main reason for its spread is not following proper farming systems and food quality and lack of oxygen and intensive farming play a key in the spread of this type of bacterial. The presence of bacteria as a real indicator of severe water contamination and this underlines the presence of high numbers of fish mortalities domain as accompanies this shortage pollution biomarkers of fish including dissolved oxygen and this has been confirmed by many international studies which the most important. The samples were collected from the common carp farms north of Basrah city. A total of 30 live infected fishes was collected, during the autumn season of the year 2019, samples were placed in ice box and transferred to the laboratory of department marine vertebrate marine science center and to Al Noor vet. lab. Within 3hrs. Fish weights and lengths from l50 -350 gm, and 15-35cm respectively. Bacterial samples were taken from the skin, gills and intestines using a sterile scalpel, samples were homogenized in 9 ml of sterile normal saline solution, one milliliter aliquots of the homogeneous solutions were serially diluted (10-1 to 10-7), aliquots of 0.1 ml of the serial dilutions were inoculated on tryptic soya agar (TSA) (Hi media- India). Nutrient agar (Hi media- India) in duplicate using the spread plate method and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 h. Then after, Bacteria were identified using the VITEK II system. The bacterial sensitivity testing used following Bauer method, through the use of a sterile swab of vaccination on a predefined inoculate a plate of Mueller Hinton agar. Within 30 minutes of applying the discs, invert the plate and incubate it aerobically at 35 C for 24 h (temperatures over 35 C). After overnight incubation, using a ruler on the underside of the plate measure the diameter of each zone of inhibition in mm. The endpoint of inhibition is where growth starts. Five antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin 20mg (Amp), Erythromycin 15 mg (Eritrea), Florfenicol 10 mg (Flo), Enofloxacin 10mg (Eno), Neomycin 30mg (Neo). The amount of processed fish for therapeutic course treatment was 2000 fish which kept in a clay bottom pond with size of 100x 10 m, with depth 2 m. The treatments were done by adding 10% concentration of Enrofloxacin in fish feed directly with ratio with a percentage of 15 mg/kg of cultures fish for five days. The current study included isolating and treating of two species of bacterial, Aeromonas hydrophila with probability (98%) and Staphylococcus lentus (90%), were implicated in the seasonal autumn mortalities of farm-raised Cyprinus carpio, Basrah Governorates, Iraq. Infected fishes were collected, have increased in the mortality rate and suffering from skin necrosis, hemorrhage and acute infections during the autumn season of the year 2019, the swabs were taken from the skin, gills and intestine. Bacterial strains were identified using the VITEK ii system. The sensitive antibiotic test was applied using Muller Hintom agar manufactured India, five antibiotics were used: Ampicillin 20mg (Amp), Erythromycin 15 mg (Eritrea), Florfenicol 10 mg (Flo), Enofloxacin 10mg (Eno) and Neomycin 30mg (Neo). Therapeutic course treatment was used 2000 aquaculture fish, therapeutic course treatment was used in 100 x 10 meters with depth 2 meters' pond using 10% concentration of enrofloxacin therapy, the results indicated that a remarkable decrease in morbidity and mortality, and contributing to important progresses in the health of the fish population leading to a dramatic reduction in morbidity and mortality, and contributing to significant advances in the health of the general population also results of the study suggest that the enrofloxacin therapy could be potential therapeutic options for treating septic wounds caused by above mentioned bacterial. The results of the study suggest that the both bacterial species are very influential pathogens in aquaculture operations, cause high mortality in cultured ponds. The requires making with correct treatments in a short time, use of antibiotics after allergy testing can lead to very fast solutions and treatments can control these diseases in commitment right help. The uses of enrofloxacin therapy treatment is the first attempts in the world to treat fish diseases, where it is intended for poultry diseases. Antibiotics should not use as an easy alternative by farmers in person without adequate diagnosis of medical condition to fish farming practices. Health organizations in relevant institutions must follow strict programs to using antibiotics to residual products environment of antimicrobials in aquaculture production. Control programs must undergo treatment exchange views to surveillance under the grant or authorization in using antibiotic at the national level is the latest legislation and standards based on sound science.

The results showed that shoot apical meristem of sugarcane has the ability to stimulate and induction to callus in vitro by plant tissue culture. The results showed 2,4-D regulator 1.5 mg/L was more potent in the induction of the callus and callus subsequent growth. The effected interactions of auxin and cytokinin regulators were not significant with respect to the formation of callus. The best regeneration response was achieved by using growth regulators. In Co8371, best induction of the shoot response was found on MS medium with concentration of 1.0 mg/L BAP compared to Co85004. MS medium with the using of 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.25 mg/L Kinetin regulator exhibited best organogenesis responding.

Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) is a type of medicinal herb that widely used in Asia. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of liquid residues of ethanolic and aqueous Cymbopogon citratus oil extracts. Residues of ethanolic and aqueous Cymbopogon citratus oil extracts were used to study their antimicrobial activities for Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans which were isolated from burned skin of patients suffering from burns at Medical City Hospital/Specialist burns Unit/Baghdad. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were measured for all microorganisms using microtitre plates and Resazurin dye by a spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The components of liquid residues were detected by phytochemical tests; and the concentrations of Iodine were determined by Ion Chromatography. The antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH method. The liquid residues of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lemongrass showed antimicrobial effect against all the test microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanolic extraction of Cymbopogon citratus contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenols, Saponins, Terpenes, Tannins, Fatty acids and Couarins, but no Seroids, volatile oil and Emodins. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of ethanolic extract for Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were 12.5, 12.5, 12.5 and 25µl/mL respectively. The extracts of lemongrass residues due to their phytochemical contents and pharmacological activity seem to be highly effective against some pathogenic microorganisms in the inflamed skin. It can be suggested that these extracts may be used for skin treatment in burned patients infected with pathogenic microorganisms.

Thyroid disorders is the most common disease of the endocrine system. It is estimated that there are approximately 300,000 new cases of thyroid cancer worldwide. Overcome of these are females, the number of cases for thyroid disorders has been infix increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms involved in folic acid metabolism with thyroid disorders. We also wanted to investigate the relationship between these genetic variation and risk factors. The blood samples were collected from all cases in two different tubes: first for biochemical analysis, the second have EDTA used for DNA extraction. By Bio drop, DNA concentration and purity were measuring done, In this study be accomplished the correlation between the genetic variation of MTRR A66G gene and MTHRF C677T gene polymorphism with thyroid disorders by ARMS-PCR. In this study show increase the levels of T3 and T4 and decrease the level of TSH in patients with hyperthyroidism compare with control groups, also this table show decrease the levels of T3 and T4 but increase the level of TSH in patients with hypothyroidism compare with healthy peoples. As well as the result showed increase in levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride in patients with hypothyroidism compare with healthy people, Concerning in hyperthyroidism we showed decrease in levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride compare with healthy people. The association between MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G polymorphisms and the risk of thyroid disorders showed. The 677TT genotype was associated with increased risk for both hypothyroidism (30 %) and hyperthyroidism (10 %) but in different ratio. The 677TC genotype be found in this study have same influence in hypothyroidism (60 %) and hyperthyroidism (60 %) and the 677CC genotype present in result but have different effect on study groups in hypothyroidism (10 %) and hyperthyroidism (30 %). The result also show the genotype ratio of MTRR A66G gene in cases. The GG genotype was associated with thyroid disorders for both hypothyroidism (60 %) and hyperthyroidism (40 %) but in different ratio. The AG genotype be found in this study have same influence in hypothyroidism (20 %) and hyperthyroidism (20 %) and the AA genotype present in result but have different effect on study groups in hypothyroidism (20 %) and hyperthyroidism (40 %). The study has found that the correlation and interaction between MTHFR and MTRR genes polymorphism with thyroid disorders. In addition, we found the genotype (TT) MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the genotype (GG) for MTRR A66G increased risk factors in thyroid disorders.

The study was done in Al- Najaf Health Department \ Alforat Al-Awsat Hospital. The total number of examined patients were (80) for both sexes (males and females) in different ages (children's and adults). The chosen patients had single infection with Entamoeba histolytica was diagnosed in 32(40%) stool samples from the total number examined. The results showed no significant differences between males (40%) and females (40%) in tested with parasites. The samples were recorded the average percentage in the cyst stages of E. histolytica at a higher rate, where it reached (87.5%) than the trophozoite stage of E. histolytica, where it reached (12.5%). There were significant differences at the level of p <0.05 when studying the effect of E. histolytica parasite in both stages (cyst and trophozoite) in some blood parameters (PCV, Lymphocyte, Granulocyte and Platelets count). Also, results showed a significant differences only in the cyst stage in (MCV, MCH and Monocyte) and there were no significant differences in the other blood parameters (Hb, WBC, RBCand MCHC) among the infected and non-infected person with E.histolytica parasite.

Arabisopsis thaliana is a model for many molecular and genetics research especially in human research, there are many genes in A. thaliana sharing them with human. BRCA1 is a gene related with breast cancer, any damage in it sequences may leads to raise the percentage of cancer tumor. AtBCRA1 a breast cancer gene in A. thaliana plant were obtain and blast from NCBI web tool and used for gene editing, a set of PCR primers were designed to detect this gene by using in- silico tools and simulate the PCR reaction and gel electrophoresis. As well as a gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 were designed to knockout and knockin any mutation in the BRCA1 gene by designing sgRNA as a target site in DNA for CRISPR action with a set of primer to amplifying the target by using CHOPCHOP web tool. A good target sequences design is a very critical step in CRISPR/Cas9 technology success.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease of the joints and passes through alternating stages of healing and relapse as it has genetic, clinical, pathological, and immunological characteristics. The present study was designed to evaluate the immunological status of some Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was conducted on a group of patients reviewed at Baquba Teaching Hospital / Consultation Clinic and from all districts of Diyala Province. For the period 2018-7-20 until 2019-2-1, Blood samples were collected from 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 29-75 years. On the other hand, 50 other blood samples from healthy individuals were collected as a control group, aged between 25 and 75 years. The study involved investigated the relationship between the immunological detection of the cellular motility of the IL-9 using ELIZA technique. The results of the present study showed that the percentage of female infection with rheumatoid arthritis was 94% higher than that of males by 6%. Also, the results recorded the highest incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the 45-54 age group at the main of (369.12 ± 7.75) pg / ml and 38%, While the lowest recorded cases of the disease in the age group 65-75 years at the main (350.40 ± 10.73) pg / ml and by 16%. As, the results of the present study showed a significant increase in the level of the concentration of interleukin 9 in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (362.29 ± 26.86 pg / ml) compared to control group (332.45 ± 27.58) pg / ml at a probability level (P <0.01) Indicates a relationship between interleukin 9 and rheumatoid arthritis.

The biological efficacy of of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in the biological control of the first and fourth larval phases and adult male and female mosquitoes was studied. Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquito Breeding Cx. quinquefasciatus Say was conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity 65 ± 5 of light a period of 12 hours / day the adult phase. He gave the fungus M. anisopliae at concentration of / 1 x 106 spore lml had the highest mortality ratio of 78.19% for the first larval age after 48 hours, while the suspension for E.muscae at concentration 1 x 106 sporel mlgave the highest mortality rate of 69.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. M. anisopliae at concentration / 1 x 106 spore l ml highest mortality ratio 84.83% for the first larval age after 48 hours while the suspended for mushroom E. muscae at concentration 1 x 106 spore / ml gave the highest mortality rate 67.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. The highest killing rate was 97.66% for males and 99.91% for females after 72 hours when using the concentration of 1 × 610 spore / ml of the fungus M. anisopliae, while the killing rate was 99.54% for males and 98.43% for females after 72 hours when concentrated / 1 x 106 spore l ml of for E.muscae fungus.

This study was aimed to investigate the role of crud alcoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds thruogh reduction the hepatotoxicity of rifadin drug in liver tissue. The animal (40 mice) were divided into four groups the first group treated with normal saline (0.9%) for 28 days as acontrol, the second group treated with rifadin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days, third group treated with acoholic extract of Lallemantia royleana seeds (1% w/v) for 28 days, while the forth group treated with alcoholic extract of seeds alone for 5 days and with alcoholic extract and rifadin for 28 days, so the total period of this group is 33 days. The liver specimens were collected and processed with immunohistochemical staining kit to detect Bax protein in hepatocytes. The microscopic examination results of liver slides coloured with imununohistochemical staining technique in animal experimental groups showed increased in the number of cells with positive immunoreaction for Bax in animal group treated with rifadin drug comparing with other experimental groups (seeds extract and drug group, seeds extract group, control group)which showed significant decreasing in the number of cells with positive immunoreaction for Bax.

Present study was included the assessment of biological activity of Pomegranate Peels Punica granaatum plant extract toward fourth Culex quinquefasciatus larvae mosquito (Order: Diptera, Family: Culicidae) by testing ethanolic and Silver nanoparticles extracts. Results of present study revealed that Silver nanoparticles extract was more toxic than ethanolic extract and the mortality rates were reached to 90 % after 72 h exposure time when it treated with 5 µg/ml compared to 0% at control treatments. Ethanolic extract also was toxic at concentration 5 µg/ml and mortality rates were reached to 80% after 72 h exposure time. Study of larvae after death showed that penetration of Silver nanoparticles extract was entered inside mid gut of larvae after damage of body wall. SEM analysis indicated to that more deformation found in body wall thus AgNPs were easily penetration through skin of fourth larvae. SEM analysis also was showed that Silver nanoparticles were clustered and irregular or oval shapes.

This study was carried out in order to determine the possibility of using invalid wheat and rice grindery. Also, using the starch and reed to prepare an active formulation of the bio-control agent (Trichoderma hazanium) as well as to evaluate the efficiency of this formulations to control Fusarium wilt disease on cucumber plant( Cucumis sativus ) caused by Fusarium solani, after one month of storage in room degree. The results showed the efficiency of using Reed and Starch powder as a nutritive substrate to act as a carrier for the biological agent Trichoderma harzanium in a form of pellets where the values of flowers number, chloroplyle content, leaves number and plant height were (1.6, 9.2, 4, 17.5)/plant respectively for the reed carrier treatment. Also values were( 4.3, 9.9, 4, 21.1)/plant respectively for starch carrier treatment in compare to the control. Viability to control Fusarium wilt disease after storage for a month under room temperature, reached maximum value with the reed carrier were the average of the healthy plants reached(8.6) followed by starch carrier(8.3), in compare to the Fusarium solani (4.6).

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of the multisystem, a multifactorial disease with generalized persistent inflammation that can involve multiple tissues and organs. Nucleosomes are essential chromatin molecules, and are thought to be the main antigens in SLE pathogenesis. A case-control study was performed to show the relationship between antinucleosome antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus in Najaf province. This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in the Faculty of Medicine- University of Kufa, for the period of (January 2018 to December 2018), subjects were included in present study, divided into three groups: SLE patient (30), RA patient (30), and Healthy controls(20). Anti-NCS antibodies, ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were done for all individuals those included in this study. The findings of the current study showed that, in sera of SLE patients the mean level of antibodies against the following parameters NCS, ANA and ds-DNA were high in comparison with the mean levels of these parameters in sera of the normal control group (p<0.001). As well as, the levels of antibodies against NCS significantly higher in sera of the SLE group than in the rheumatoid arthritis RA (diseased control group) (p<0.001). On the other hand, the mean levels of antibodies against NCS were statically insignificant (p value 0.356) among the healthy individuals and the diseased control group. Anti-NCS antibodies have an important role in SLE diagnosis in comparison to other autoantibodies, and may have a role to predict the disease outcome.

The contamination of eggshells and liquid eggs by Salmonella has been recognized as a community health trouble. The current study was undertaken to isolate and identify of Salmonella in eggshells and liquid eggs, study of the susceptibility to antibiotics, and study the factors that help control of salmonellosis for local egg production in Wassit province. The percentages of Salmonella prevalence in eggshells, liquid eggs and whole eggs were 27%,8%,35%, respectively. all six sites under subject were indicated to presence of salmonella. This study showed no correlation between the sites of eggs production and presence or absence of salmonella. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) between eggshells and liquid eggs with presence or absence of salmonella in egg samples. Salmonella isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility to gentamycin, moderate sensitivity to chloramphenicol, and resistance to other types of antibiotics. This study involving the investigation of salmonellosis restriction methods during production, storage, transportation and food processing and handling. Additional study is prerequisite to supply additional described checking techniques and knowledge systems to decrease the hazard of salmonellosis after egg ingestion.

The present study included the collection of 121 samples from MSU for investigating the presence of K.pneumoniae in UTIs, the samples have been collected from Al-Shaheed Mohammed Baqir AL-Hakeem hospital and private laboratories in Baghdad province. The study was carried out through March 2019 to the beginning of June 2019. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing on number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to K.pneumoniae bacteria during previous tests based on the blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes which has specific sequences for K.pneumoniae bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance. The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for selected 38 isolation towards the 16 antibiotics by a Vitek2 compact ASTN system and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as; Amikacin (5.26%), Imepenem (5.26%), Ertapenem (7.89%), Meropenem (10.52%), Gentamicin (21.05%), Ciprofloxacin (26.32%), Cefoxitin (39.47%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (50%), Ceftriaxone (52.63%), Fosfomycin (55.26%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (57.89%), Nitrofurantoin (57.89%), Ceftazidime (65.79%), Cefuroxime (71.05%), Cefixime (73.68%) and Ampicillin (100%). The presence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase genes in 38 K.pneumoniae isolates were 65.8 % of the ESBL genotypes expressed blaSHV genes followed by 52.6 % blaTEM and 42.1 % for blaCTX-M.

The callus induction by use 1.5mg/l of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as auxin and 2mg/l of BA as cytokinins were added to MS medium that prepared as above before sterilize step. Sodium Chloride and Lysine effect on callus induction and growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).Five concentration of Sodium Chloride Salts (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) were added to the culture medium and five concentrations of lysine (0, 10, 20, 30and 40mg/l) added to cultured medium. Results showed that NaCl at (2g/l) increased callus induction, fresh weight, dry weight and potassium ions of callus. The study also showed that (2 g \l) of NaCl was signification increased Sodium and Chloride ions of callus. Lysine (Lys) effect on callus characteristics:-The treatment 40mg\l outperformed of the rest treatments including control by gave the highest values of callus fresh and dry weights, as well as ions, soluble carbohydrates

Acute tonsillitis is a primary medical care consultation that may develop to recurrent tonsillitis (RAT), chronic tonsillitis and ~30% of patients require a tonsillectomy, which is associated with a high frequency of missed work or influence on quality of life The present study included 100 patients attending to Al-Saddar Medical city in ENT unit in Najaf governorate. The Patients were classified into two groups: seventy patients with tonsillitis who were subdivided into (36) as acute tonsillitis, (23) patients with chronic tonsillitis and (11) with recurrent tonsillitis as well as thirty patients with tonsillectomy. Swabs were taken from tonsil surface and from tonsil core then culturing on different media for 24 hours at 37 °C for bacterial growth and diagnosis by morphological, biochemical and Vitek 2 system, two ml of a venous blood sample was collected from each patient and control for ELISA testing to determine the level of IL-6. This study has shown that higher frequency of tonsillitis in males. The highest percentage of patients appeared with Grade 3 (33.6%), followed by Grade 2 (22.7%), in tonsillitis patients and Hrade 4, grade 3 in tonsillectomy patients. Also the age group of 1-10 years more frequency 34.4%. Culture investigation shows 16 (16%) swabs gave negative bacterial growth and 84 (84%) swabs gave positive bacterial growth from which about 108 isolates as poly and monobacterial growth (data not show). the 108 isolates appear that G+ ve bacteria recorded 88 (81.5%) with more frequency to S.pyogenes 35 (32.4%) isolates. The level of IL-6 highly increase in serum of tonsillitis and tonsillectomy patients compared with healthy controls. IL-6 serum level was highly increased among the patients in grade 3, 4 and highly significant increase in recurrent and chronic patients. As a result S.pyogenes is the most predominant bacterial agents in surface and core tonsillitis. IL-6 play important role in healing inflammation of tonsils.

An efficient, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible methods for the removal phenol determination of in aqueous solution was developed. UV- Spectroscopy methods and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP - HPLC) were used. The phenol removal from the aqueous solution was carried out by prepared activated carbons (ACs) from the wheat plant waste as a natural material. The remains phenol was determined using RP – HPLC and UV- Spectroscopy. The elution was done using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (ACN): water in the ratio of 10:90 on HPLC Shimadzu LC–20 A, Japan and Phenomenex C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The separation was monitored for 15 min at 270 nm using a UV-visible detector and 1.5 ml/min flow rate. UV-VIS spectrophotometric measurement for quantitative of phenol was carried out at 272.6 nm. The optimum conditions such as the composition of the mobile phase, flow rate, temperature, size, time and pH were studied. The obtained results revealed that the values of R2 are (0.9996 and 0.9991), the detection limit (0.02 and 0.01), the quantitative limit (0. 066 and 0.033), the linear ranges (0.2 – 25 and 0.1 – 30) μg / mL for UV and HPLC respectively. The removal percentages of phenol using the treated wheat plant waste were found 98.76 and 98.85 using UV and HPLC measurements respectively. Compared to the other methods, the current method is rapid, simple and economical for the removal and determination of phenol in aqueous solution.

The effect of the adsorption process on electrical conductivity, equivalent conductivity, ionization constant and dissociation degree was studied to Di hydroxy benzoic acid with different concentrations by using natural surfaces (Hazelnut peel and walnut peel ). The results refers to decrease electrical conductivity after acid adsorption on both surfaces. The effect of acid concentration on the degree of disintegration and the ionization constant was also studied.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes from cheap tubs company MWCNT-CP were purified by alcohol \ H2O2 \ separation funnel which is simple, easy and scalable techniques. The steps of purification were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM with energy dispersive of X-ray spectroscopy EDX and surface area measurements. The technique was succeeded to remove most the trace element from MWCNT-CP which causing increase the surface area. The ratios of impurities were reduced to less 0.6% after treatment by three steps with losing less than 5% from MWCNT-CP.

This paper include the extraction of chitin and transformation it to chitosan from the shrimps shells (waste) that grow up at sea farm in Al-Basra Province, the extraction done according to the literatures by two methods the difference between them was in the first step, but other steps were same methods, the results show sample A was higher than sample B in good yield and other physicochemical properties ( moisture, intrinsic viscosity, daacetylation degree, solubility, and fat binding capacity) which were measured to both samples, chitosan samples were characterization with FT-IR spectrum, in addition the biological activity for chitosan was tested against E.coli, P. asparagi, S. aureus, and B. cerus, the results show that sample A has inhibited these bacteria more than sample B.

The study included follow-up of the interaction of the prepared reagent 1- (4 -Anti-pyrail-Azo) 2- naphthol (APANOL) with vanadium (V) ion, which gave a greater wavelength of absorption (533) nm as well as a study of the best conditions of the size and concentration of the reagent (1 × 10-3) molar and acidic function (pH = 3) and the stability of the complex for more than two hours and temperature from 10 to 40 degrees Celsius and the linearity range falls within the concentrations (0.10-4.00) ppm and correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9945) and the value of molar absorption coefficient ε (1.02 x 104) l. Mol-1 cm-1 and sandal allergy (0.004) micrograms cm-2. And determined the accuracy and accuracy of the analytical method followed using standard solutions of ion with a standard concentration of the reagent, so the frequency (RSD %) with respect to concentrations (2.00, 3.00) ppm of vanadium ion (V) equal to (0.9 and 0.9), Erel. %) Was equal to (0.2, 0.3) %

This article deals with synthesis, Identification and biological activity screening of variety 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones entitled 3,3'-(benzene-1,3-diyldi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)bis[(5-methyl-2-(5-substitutedpyridine-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one)] 6a-d and 3,3'-[benzene-1,3-diylbis(5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,4-diyl)]bis[5-methyl-2-(5-substitutedpyridine-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one], 7a-d. On cyclocondensation reaction of newly Schiff bases and thiolactic acid, some new derivatives of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones have been obtained in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride. The elemental analysis, proton NMR spectra of were outlined for structures confirmation. An agreement for the proposed structures of synthesized compounds were approved based on the elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectra. Antimicrobial activity of the newly thiazolidinones have been evaluated with powerful results.

The study include synthesis of hybrids nanocompound through a process intercalation of ascorbic acid in Ni/Al –LDHs by direct and indirect ion exchange. Nano layer, which make it has high ability to build up the useful ascorbic acidinter the layers direction on the human body. To limited the side effect of high concentration of ascorbic acidin human body. Characterization of this compound by X-Ray diffraction technique and FT –IR spectrophotometer before and after intercalation formation of nano compound, then cooperation to sure the form hybrid nanocompound and the two and three dimensional image of the above compound in (AFM) for the nano compound. The results showed the release of hybrids to specific liquids in different (Na2CO3, Na2SO4 ) concentration (0.5)M by direct ion exchange method. On the other hand the whole process is subject to model by pseudo-second order rate expression according to Lagregrans equation. It has been studied the percentage of rate release for both anionic (Ascorbic acid) from Ni/Al –LDHs. The results were as follows: High percentage of release in different liquid follows this arrangement: Na2CO3> Na2SO4. The result explains the ratio control release of anion from nanolayerhybrid prepare by indirect ion exchange process more hourly than release anion from nanolayershybridprepared by direct ion exchange.

In this paper, new metal ions complexes of [chromium (III), iron (III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II)] were prepared from mixed Schiff base ligands 1-(2-aminoethyl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione ligand which was prepared form the reaction of the succinic anhydride with ethylenediamine then reacted with salicyaldehyde to form a new Schiff base ligand1-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione(HL₁). The amino acid (glycine) was reacted with salicyaldehyde to form another new Schiff base ligand (2-hydroxybenzaldine)glycine(HL₂). The two types of Schiff bases ligands (HL₁), (HL₂) were mixed with some metal ions [(Cr⁺³, Fe⁺³, Co⁺², Ni⁺², Cu⁺² and Cd⁺²)] to obtain a new metal complexes. The Schiff base ligands were characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR Spectra, UV-Vis. Spectra, mass spectroscopy, ¹HNMR and microanalysis techniques (C.H.N). Which is indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands. The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand (HL₁) were identified by mass spectrometer technique. The metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR Spectra, UV-Vis. Spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic moment and microanalysis techniques (C.H.N) and chloride ion percentage. All the analysis of ligands and their metal complexes were in good agreement with the theoretical values which indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes were proposed to be octahedral. The values of magnetic moments showed that all metal complexes are paramagnetic except cadmium (II) complex which is diamagnetic. The values of molar conductivity also appeared that all metal complexes are non-electrolytic nature except iron (III) complex which is electrolytic.

Metal (III) and (II) coordination compounds of o- phenylenediamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized for mixed ligand complexes and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, electric conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition, thermal behavior (TGA) of the metal complexes (1-6) showed good agreement with the formula suggested from the analytical data. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (III) and (II) ions with three various ligands in molar ratio at aqueous ethyl alchol for (1:1:1:1) (M: O-PDA: OA: 8-HQ) [where M = Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2. Cu+2 and Zn+2; O-PDA = O-Phenylenediamine; OA = Oxalic acid and 8-HQ = 8-Hydroxyquinoline]. Resulted in the formation of six – coordinate octahedral geometry was suggested for metal complexes (1-6). The ligands and complexes were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Steptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Psedomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by the agar well diffusion method. Mostly, the results shown a significant increase in antibacterial and antifungal activity of the metal complexes (1-6) compared to ligands.

Different products from a unique Propolis extract, Propolis (bee glue), of resinous consistency produced by bees, has been used as indigenous medicine for the treatment of several diseases in some contrary. Safety assessment of propils extract with respect to antimicrobial activity against three bacterial isolates, Proteus Mirabilis, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Staphylococcus Qureus. The result showed that the main composition of the extract was Anthraquinone, the last one was responsible for biological activity of the extract. FT-IR, UV results showed more than eight peaks for represent the main fine composition of the extract. The present study also showed that the extract has antibacterial activity against three bacterial isolates

Streptomycin is an antibiotic contains phenol and an amino group. It is a water-soluble and widely used in agriculture and livestock husbandry. At a high dose, streptomycin could be used in the early treatment of tuberculosis. This work aimed to use a copolymer of nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate as a carrier of streptomycin and study the kinetics of release. Chitosan and Na-alginate are natural polysaccharides, which are biocompatible and applicable in conventional pharmaceutics for drug delivery carrier. Na-alginate (1% w/v) was mixed with nanochitosan (0.13 gm.) and streptomycin (0.1 gm.) was loaded in a total concentration up to 0.1% w/v. The loaded co polymer was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible, SEM/EDS analyses. Results indicated that streptomycin has successfully loaded onto Na-alginate-nanochitosan. The release kinetics of streptomycin loaded at co-polymer nanochitosan-Na-alginate were compared with that of streptomycin loaded at nanochitosan alone. Buffer solutions with different pHs (pH 9.4, 7.4 and 1.2) at l max 275 nm and 37 °C were applied. Results showed that the basic medium (pH 9.4) has improved the release property of streptomycin from Na-alginate-nanochitosan more than that from nanochitosan. Thus, the co-polymer nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate is a promising candidate for drug release applications.

New ligand (TBPAM) was synthesized by coupling between (4-tetra-butyl)aniline and 4-methyl imidazole, then studied it's coordination behavior with five metal ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II), the ligand (TBPAM) and the prepared complexes were characterized by using Mass, ¹HNMR, Ultra violet-visible, FT-IR, Magnetic susceptibility and also by Molar conductivity. The conclusion of the data indicated the octahedral geometry of the complexes that have general formula [M(TBPAM)₂Cl₂], where the ligand (TBPAM) behave as bidentate from azo group and imidazole moiety.

Theoretical measurements of pharmaceutical compound 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug and some analogue derivatives were achieved by DFT method with B3LYP/6–311G as a standard basis set. Series of 5-FU derivatives have a different activities (the minimum effective concentration; C), were studied depending on geometrical properties. Then, the straight line equations (Y= a X ∓ b) and square root of correlation factor (R²) can be extracted by plot of effective concentration logarithm [log (1/C)] for 5–FU derivatives versus each one of geometrical properties. This matter led to correct the geometrical properties of 5-FU derivatives and formulating of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) by Hansch model. The final general mathematical equation of QASR as a function of geometrical properties can be concluded by using wolfram alpha program, as empirical equation between theoretical activity and these properties of 5-FU derivatives. The empirical equation of QASR was tested by substitution a theoretical values of geometrical properties to extract theoretical activity of 5-FU derivatives. A high correlation factor between theoretical and particular activities (R² = 0.9998) of derivatives made matter more acceptable to estimate the activity of new derivatives (synthesized or suggested). So, a new drugs of 5-FU derivatives as a pyrimidines were selected and the theoretical activities were calculated by QSAR–Hansch model as a function of the geometrical properties. The extracted results of a new derivatives shown how can the increase of minimum effective concentration in a new designed derivatives of 5-FU drug (as a starting martial).

In this search may hatarocyclic compounds contain sulfur atoms e been prepared by reacting the di thiocarbamate derivatives with alfa –haloketones the compounds identified by melting point, FTIR, HNMR and C13 NMR

The qualitative information about the interaction between 2-{[p-chlorophenylimino]methyl}phenol as attracting chelating Schiff base ligand (HL) with cobalt(II) and manganese(II) ions have been discussed by using the data of spectroscopy (IR, UV-Visible) and 1H NMR resonance techniques. The electrochemical properties of these species have been carried out by using cyclic voltammetry studies to see the differences in the potential and activity behavior during and after the electron transfer process. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of ligand exhibited an irreversible one-electron transfer and redox diffusion-controlled process due to the linearity relationship between redox peaks current and square root of scan rates. The cyclic sweep for CoL and CoL2 complexes appeared two irreversible oxidation peaks but with different values and positions, while the cyclic sweep of MnL and MnL2 complexes appeared several redox peaks, which related to the formation of various manganese redox species. All complexes had a deviation of current and potential to more anodic values when the cyclic sweep was applied at different scan rates. A positive shift was observed for CoL2 and MnL2 complexes may be to the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of phenyl substituted group.

This work deals with the preparation of high yield compounds by simple methods through two parts: the first part involves the preparation of compounds RU1 and RU3 by the reaction of melamine with chloroacetic acid in existence of sodium acetate. The second part includes the preparation of compounds RU2 and RU4 by the reaction of benzidine with chloroacetic acid. The reactions were followed by TLC and the prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR techniques. The prepared compounds show a good biological activity against MCF-7.

This study included a simple, fast and sensitive method for estimating Amoxicillin (AMOX) in its pure state and in some of its pharmaceutical preparations, this method depends on the modified nanoparticles through oxidation and reduction reactions, With polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer in a base medium of sodium hydroxide, the (AMOX) drug act as effective reducing agents to dilute the ore mineral salt from silver nitrate (Ag +) to silver nanoparticles, the highest absorption of the oxidation-reduction reaction product of amoxicillin appears at 420 nm. the calibration curve was measured and the following information was calculated and showed compliance with the Beer-Lambert Law within the focus range 0.75-57.5 parts per million. Molar absorptivity was 9.3526 x 10⁻³ L / mol.cm, and Sandal's sensitivity was 0.0448 μg/cm2, the standard deviation rate was 0.016%, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9994. The biological effect on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was studied and the results were positive in the efficacy of the samples prepared on these bacteria.

Lead is used in many industrial products, including alloys, because of its importance in improving physical and chemical properties. In this study, a sensitive, simple, economical, fast and accurate, an indirect spectral analytical method was developed using Eriochrome Black T as chelating agent without use of separation and isolation to estimate the amount of lead in the Cu-Zn-Pb bronze alloy by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer instrument. The accuracy of the method was 99.97 ± 0.35 and the limits of detection (LOD) and qualification (LOQ) were 0.034 and 0.104 µg ml⁻¹ respectively. The developed method can be applied to water, biological, environmental and fuel samples.

The influence of cobalt addition on the transformation temperatures, microstructure, and micro-hardness of equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy was studied. The alloys composition was (50 % at. Ni, 50% at. Ti) and (43.45 % at. Ni, 54.728 % at. Ti and Co 1.815 % at.). Vacuum induction melting method is used to produce the shape memory alloys. The investigation of the characteristics of the samples was carried out using, scanning electron microscope conducted with energy dispersive X- ray spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter, x-ray diffraction measurement and vickers micro-hardness testing. The results show the microstructure of two alloys contain Ti2Ni precipitate phase, the martensite phase layers increase with cobalt addition. The micro-hardness increased, the austenite starts temperature and austenite finish temperature decreases, and thermal hysteresis becomes narrower, after adding a small amount of cobalt.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenei) poly(styrenesulfonate) (BEDOT:PSS) and Poly Aniline (PANI) thin films was grown onto silicon solar cells by Dip-coating deposition method at thickness (100 nm). The optical properties were studied by using UV-V is absorption spectra. The surface morphology of the films was characterized by a scanning electron microscope SEM and the current–voltage characteristics of solar were measured, Values from 8.64, 7.21 by type of conductive polymers.

Porous silicon (PS) used as a substrate for thin films of pure zinc oxide and ZnO:Al for tow type of (PS): n and p, prepared approximately 450oC by using technique of Spray Pyrolysis(SP) by heat deposition for different doping of with thickness equal to (150 nm). Where the bandgap of energy for the (PS) substrate can calculate by the electrons pumping using Photoluminuce, which it was equal to 2.397 eV. Morphology of up view side of the deposited thin films on the n and p-type of the (PS) has been studied by SEM, AFM, and TEM. The sensitivity of the ZnO pure and ZnO: Al for the prepared thin films for CO gas has been calculated, which it was increased with the rise of concentrations of doping by aluminum, where the sensitivity of n-type of porous silicon is larger than p-type of porous silicon substrate.

This work aims to measure the concentrations of radionuclides of natural radioactivity of the three elements (⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U, and ²³²Th), were determined in 24 soil samples, collected from Al- Azezia district of Wasit Governorate. They were studied and then evaluated. The standard sources are used for calibration of radiation activity by gamma spectrometer NaI (TI). The radioactivity of natural isotopes ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U and ²³²Th has been estimated. The results showed the radio activities of element in this study were within the acceptable standard levels. In addition, the radium equivalent activity, average air volume, annual effective dose rate and external risk index were assessed and found to be among the internationally tolerable values. The radioactivity of nuclides of ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U and ²³²Th in Al- Azezia district were calculated. The radioactivity of, ²³⁸U ranged from (0. 60±1. 71) to (17. 69 ±4. 70) Bq / kg with an average of (9. 145±3. 20) Bq / kg, while it was for ²³²Th ranged from (14. 55±1. 64) to (42. 386+1. 95) Bq / Kg with an average of (30. 42±2. 31) Bq / Kg and⁴⁰K ranged from (119. 252+2. 06)to(170. 562+2. 74)Bq / kg with an average (146. 438+2. 40) Bq / Kg also, it is found that the average of radiological effects like the radium equivalent (Raeq), the absorbed dose Rate (Dr), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), representative gamma hazard index (Iγ), the effective dose equivalent (AEDE) lifetime the excess cancer risk (ELCR) due to natural radioactivity in soil samples for depth(0-15)cm were (66. 63±5. 37) Bq/Kg and (27. 18±1. 91) nGy/h, (0. 36±0. 01), (0. 69±0. 02), (0. 48±0. 02). (0. 66 ±0. 02) and (0. 30±0. 01) x10⁻³respectively, there for no significant radiological hazard in Al- Azezia district.

Turmeric or Curcuma is a natural creation, whose therapeutic properties have been widely studied and an extensive variety of therapeutic effects on several diseases. Nano curcumin particles were prepared by Vibra-Cell™ Ultrasonic Liquid Processors device. The particles are characterized by scanning probe microscope (SPM) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectrophotometer). The results confirm that the prepared Nano curcumin has mean diameter 82 nm. The prepared Nano curcumin is exposed to plasma to enhance the properties of their Nano particle the result is improve the enhanced characterization.

Spin coating technique using to prepare two layers of epoxy reinforced by weight (0Wt%,1Wt%,2Wt%,3Wt%,4Wt%) nano ZnTiO3additives uniform thin films with a fixed thickness of (0.7 ☐m) on glass floors at room temperature, dispersion and magnetic stirring techniques are used to prepare the nanocomposites thin films. The purpose of this study was to produce a new modified polymer (ZnTiO3/Epoxy) nanocomposite thin films then evaluate electrical and structural properties of these thin films. The electrical properties of thin films have a degree effect temperature on the resistance (R) of thin films within the range (303- 433) k or (30-160) C0. Electrical conductivity and activation energy of the thin film was calculated where the results indicate that there is a two activation energy and this means there is two mechanisms connection. It is also shown by measurements of the effect of the whole (ZnTiO3/Epoxy) nanocomposite thin films have a connection from the negative type (n-type). Stractural properties include XR-D and SEM. XRD, show crystal structure of zinc titanite (ZnTiO3) nano powder. Scanning electron microscopy SEM, show clearly analysis for different weight ratio affected thin films surfaces.

In this paper, the radon concentrations in the houses of (10) locations were measured using real-time continuous radon monitor RAD-7 detector together with estimating the corresponding female and male organ doses using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation software at Al- Najaf city-Iraq. It is found that the radon concentrations varied from (8.75±1.1 Bq/m3) to (32.32±4.0 Bq/m3 with an average (20.57±2.90 Bq/m3). The resulted data for male reveal that the bladder received the highest dose at 9.78E-05 μGy/h in Missan, while the salivary gland was noticed to have the highest dose in each of Jmhorria, Adalh, Saad and Milad regions with dose rates of 4.65E-05, 3.59E-05, 5.72E-05 and 3.45E-05 μGy/h respectively. In Asskry Najaf regions the highest dose was seen to be with the Lung with 9.30E-05 μGy/h. In Asskiry Kufa and Mutnaby the highest organ doses were attributed to the bone surface at 9.73E-05 and 9.62E-05 μGy/h respectively. In Tmoz and Sirai regions, the highest organ doses were with Extrathor airways and thyroid at 6.64E-05 and 9.65E-05 μGy/h respectively. By contrast, the female findings reveal the doses for all organs and across all considered neighborhoods ranged from 1. E-04 μGy/h to 9E-05 μGy/h. Finally, it can be concluded that all results of radon concentrations in ten locations samples were within the range allowed according to ICRP. The organ doses seem to be very low which in turn reduce the concern realted to the effect of radiation.

In this study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared by electrolysis method Au thin film which was deposited on a glass substrate by drop-casting technique structural, optical and topographic characteristic of prepared nanoparticles were examined by UV-VIS absorption, TEM electron microscopy, AFM atomic microscopy, and XRD diffraction. Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles has been investigated against many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a well-spread method, and the results showed that nanoparticles have an inhibitory effect against all types of pathogenic bacteria For diseases. And 30 and 25 mm) for aerosols, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.

Structural and optical properties were studied as a function of Nano membrane after prepared, for tests. Nano membrane was deposited by the spray coating method on substrates (glass) of thickness 100 mm. The X-ray diffraction spectra of (CNTs, WO3) were studied. AFM tests are good information about the roughness, It had been designed electrolysis cell and fuel cell. Studies have been performed on electrochemical parameters.

One of the important materials for applications in many photoelectric filed [just like solar cell, optoelectronic and other kinds on devices] is cadmium oxide thin films. There are several physical or chemical synthetic methods have been used to prepare transparent CdO films as described by many researchers. The X-ray diffraction study has confirmed the formation of CdO with nano-size scale. For this research CdO/FTO thin film has been prepared by electrolysis. The thin film is investigated by XRD, SEM and AFM surface morphology properties. XRD analysis showed that CdO films are a polycrystalline and exhibit cubic crystal structure with (111, 200, 311 and 222) orientation and the preferred orientation is 111. AFM and SEM were applied to study the morphology and estimate the surface roughness of the films obtained. (RMS) found that film roughness was 21.7 nm. The CdO film are n-type semiconductors and possess a direct optical band gap around 2.4 eV as shown in optical property studies.

Twelve samples of cigarettes have been collected from local markets of different types and origins by using (HPGe) detector, and measurement of the specific activity for series U²³⁸ and series Th²³² in addition to K⁴⁰ in order to estimate the health risk of cigarettes their by smokers, the results shown that highest specific activity value were be (12. 8±6. 3 Bq/kg, 8. 41±5. 8 Bq/kg, 125. 16±58. 3 Bq/kg), respectively, in the sample (MAC) MacBeth type cigarettes in Brazilian origin, this paper reports data such as (specific activity of K⁴⁰, series U²³⁸, series Th²³² and some parameters hazard indices) on the radioactivity of tobacco leaves so as to know contaminate those cigarettes in natural radioactivity and Suitability of its use by smokers.

In recent years, dust events in Iraq become very frequent due to its emission from active local dust sources or transportation from abroad. This study aims to identify dust sources in Iraq for the period (1st January, 2005 to 31 December, 2016) using mean of monthly mean of the aerosol optical properties including Deep Blue Aerosol Optical Depth(DB-AOD), Deep Blue Angstrom Exponent(DB-AE) and UV Positive Absorption Aerosol Index(AAI) acquired from space borne instruments including MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for both Aqua and Terra, Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), considering the dust aerosols having values of AOD>0.5, AE<0.5 and AI>0.7 based on the predefined thresholds. The results show that Al-Jazira and the southern region of Iraq considered as significant dust sources most of the year, with the absence of active dust sources in December, January, October and November. While spring and summer months show many active dust sources in the Alluvial plain, western plateau, southern and southeastern parts of Iraq with high AOD, low AE and high AAI especially in April, May, June and July. MISR/AOD shows lower values of MODIS-DB in Iraq along months of the years, which could be due to the insufficient coverage over dust regional sources compared to MODIS.

The early detection of brain lesion which includes the stroke (Hemorrhage and Ischemic) and cancer helps the doctors to overcome the health problem in the future. The correct diagnose may save many people from death. the medical image processing including the supervised classification "support vector machine", "the gray level neighbors matrix", "Fisher's Discrimination Ratio(FDR)" and the Accuracy matrix to detect and classify the brain lesion, twenty twocomputed tomography (CT) brain images have been taken with size 512×512. This methods provides very good diagnosis of the brain lesion, the accuracy for cancer detection is 98%, for the Hemorrhage is 96%, for the ischemic 99% and normal 90%.

TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite is synthesized by using pulsed laser ablation in liquid method, the UV–VIS absorption spectra and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) TiO₂/rGO) nanocomposites reveal absorption spectra in ultraviolet region and that the particles were in an aggregated state shrubbery, showed AFM image the size of each image showed that the membrane materials and through the two-dimensional and three-dimensional examines are homogeneous, noting that there are no spaces in the surface. Electrical properties of the nanocomposite improved markedly with bare TiO₂NPs, without significantly changing the morphology of the TiO2NPs. Ammonia-sensing acts for (TiO₂/rGO) layered film tackled. Sensing behavior of the (TiO₂rGO) nanocomposites examined under the 100 ppm of NH₃ environment. The (TiO₂/rGO-1) nanocomposite clarified a high reaction to NH₃ gas (48 %) in room temperature.

A diaphragm-based Fapry-Perot interferometry (FPI) fiber optic sensor that uses a super luminescent emitting diode (SLED) source was designed and tested for on-line detection of the acoustic waves. The single-mode fiber (SMF) and a diaphragm use as sensors, SMF captured in a glass tube to form an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI). Investigation fallouts show that this optical fiber acoustic-optics sensor is suitable and efficient for sensing acoustic signals by the vibrated diaphragm and the advantage fiber has a high bandwidth and sensitivity.

(NiO) _1-x (ZnO) _x compounds were prepared with different composition ratios. The compounds were obtained by mixing Nickle oxide and zinc oxide in the appropriate ratio and sintered at 1000°C for six hours. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method which is simple and inexpensive method was used to deposit (NiO) _1-x (ZnO) _x thin films on glass substrate at ambient temperature. Structural, optical and properties were investigated. The structures investigation obtained from x-ray diffraction showed that the prepared of compound as well as thin films have polycrystalline structure where the diffraction peaks were identical with the cubic NiO and hexagonal ZnO for x=0 and 1.0 while the structure of the residual x values was identical with the both phases. The average values of the crystallite size increases from 29.3 nm to 32.4 nm when x increases from 0 to 1.0. Thickness interferometry measurement showed that thickness of the prepared thin films was ≈150 nm. The optical absorbance and transmittance spectrum provided from UV-spectrophotometer were used to estimate the optical parameters like optical energy gap Eg, refractive index, extinction coefficient and real and imaginary dielectric constants. The data showed that the optical energy gap as well as the optical constants decreases with the increasing of ZnO content in the prepared thin films.

Spin coating technique has been used to deposit various concentration of Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) thin films on flexible substrate of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as electrode, the study shows the effect of (1, 2, 3 mg/ml) concentration of (MWCNTs) thin films, by AFM, optical and electrical measurements which is indicate that the best concentration is2 mg/ml according to (2, 3D) images, which shown widespread and regular spread of CNTs, low absorption of wavelengths (400, 550, 700 nm) at low concentrations, and compatible increase of responsivity with increased current for PET-MWCNTs/MEH-PPV:MWCNTs/AL as photodetector device.

Nanostructured copper oxide (Cu₂O) and cobalt doped (Co:Cu₂O)thin films were prepared at varying doping by spray pyrolysis technique(SPT). X-ray diffraction patterns investigate t structural properties. Surface topography was studied by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Transmittance spectra were determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the results showed that pure and Co doped Cu₂O Nanostructures have a bandgap values between (2.56 - 2.85) eV.

This paper provides securing flowing of data in optical systems through encoding and steganography. Encoding (Cryptography) and steganography are major elements for secure the data. Suggested communication system aids for transporting huge volumes of information of quickly and reliably. This communication system has previously displayed unrivalled characteristics of most secure. Secure connection requires the integration of cryptography and steganography, so it is very difficult to penetrate it. The system program uses cryptography and steganography to merge any type from files and encrypted text that are effectually hidden for human eye with a carrier image. Also, the extra purpose from this paper is to procure the threshold losses of the optical system and introduce a new approach to create an ideal system that can effectively secrete a message that includes important information, if and only if the optical cable losses increase by its threshold magnitude.

Zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) and doped with boron (B) thin films were prepared by Chemical spray pyrolysis CSP. Optical band gap energy of the films decreased from 3.83 to 3.73.55 eV via increase of doping. X-XRD patterns disclosed that films structure were polycrystalline, mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results assure dependence of surface morphology and roughness upon doping.

The optical properties for adding (ZrC) nanoparticles to (PVP-PVA) were studied. The Poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were blended and films were obtained by the casting method. Zirconium carbide nanoparticles (ZrC) were added with different weight percentages (4 wt.%, 8 wt.%, 12 wt.% and 16 wt.%) to the (PVP-PVA) blend. The wavelength range used to measure the optical properties is (220-820) nm. Analyzing the results it is found that the absorbance (A) decrease by increasing the (ZrC) nanoparticles concentrations, while the coefficient of absorption (α), coefficient of extinction (k), index of refraction and the constants of real and imaginary (∈₁, and ∈₂) increased by increasing the concentration of (ZrC) nanoparticles. The gap of energy (E_g) of (PVP-PVA) blend increases with the increasing of (ZrC) nanoparticles weight percentages.

The technical merit of the proposed method is using multiple techniques that fused in each processing part of filtering, segmentation, and features. The originality is to select the best technique depending on some measurements for implementation. Aiming for better enhancement of selected MRI of AlKindy Hospital Patients, as case study, to get efficient diagnose process is the purpose of the current technique using MATLAB that include smoothing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The method uses two filters (Median and Slantlet) and two segmentation methods are used (K-mean cluster and Morphological operation) and the area size is used in feature extraction. The experimental results classification is indicating that 50% of the used images are medium cases of brain tumor and 10% low stage both can be treated, while 40% is of high cases of brain tumor reflected that the treatment is difficult.

The rice husk (RH) is a wide agricultural resource by-product of rice milling process in Iraq. In this work, RH is used as filler to modified thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of RTV silicone. RH-RTV silicone composites are prepared with different RH filler particle sizes, they are equal to 6.5mm (raw RH), 1.18mm, 250 μm, 125 μm, 75 μm, and 50μm. The levels of RH filler loading (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20) (wt %). The thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of all RH-RTV silicone composites are studied. The effect of varying frequency (from 500 Hz to 1 MHz) on dielectric constant all composites is studied. The thermal conductivity of RH-RTV silicone composites decrease with RH filler concentration increases and particle size decreases, thermal conductivity has minimum value at 20%wt. The particle size effect on thermal conductivity of composite is very observably at 50μm particle. The dielectric constant of RH-RTV silicone composites is increased when RH filler concentration increases and particle size decreases, thy have maximum value at 20%wt and 50μm RH particle. The varying of frequency is low effect on 50μm RH-RTV silicone composites.

In this work the mass stopping power electron(MSPE) in human blood and skin tissues for electrons at energy range from 0.01MeV to 1000MeV are calculated in MeV cm²/g unit by summation the collisional SPE with adding density effect (δ) and radiative SPE contributions. Through using the Bragg's additively rule for compound targets (Z/A) and from semi-empirical (SPE) equations in terms of kinetic energy E(MeV) for electrons in the ranges of the low energies from 0.01MeV to 0.7MeV and the high energies from 0. 7MeV to 1000MeV then have been fitted by a three-parameter approximation written by MALAB2016 language. From fitting results with experimental SPE data calculated using ESTAR program and the error ration and correlation coefficient are calculated. All the results of these equations were compared with ESTAR program data and written by MALAB2016 language. The purpose of this paper is equipping up to date mass SPE information, with focus on the requirements of electron beam therapy (EBT) where electrons are directed to a tumor position.

This research aims to prepare nanosilver (AgNPs) solution by using an Nd: YAG laser and implement it in diagnosing tumors in different vitro-tissues. Various properties of nano and coated particles were studied as well as the properties of used Nd: YAG laser. Then, the various tissues were studied by different microscopes before and after treatment. This research was carried out on two stages, the first stage included preparing the nanoparticles by exposing the pure silver target (99.98%) to laser Nd: YAG of (1000 mjoule and 6 Hz), where the light was centered on the silver target by exploitation the lens of focal length (ten cm). within the second stage, silver nanoparticals were used to diagnose the infected tissues by using a laser. At first, the nano silver solution was injected into the infected tissues then exposing them to continuous laser diode of ( 410nm) and power of (500 m watt) and take an image by transmission microscope and reflection microscopy of the tissues before and after treatment. The optical and structural properties of nano silver solution were studied by using FTIR, XRD,(UV-VIS spectrophotometer), optical, AFM and SEM microscopes. Images of transmission and reflection microscopes show a noticeable change in tissue morphology. Where most of the tissue spaces were filled with nano solution and an outstanding glowing appeared after injection which good evidence for the possibility of using this solution in diagnosing the infected parts of the tissue.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanostructures with palm trunk mince were deposited via hydrothermal technique. The crystalline structure of TiO₂ has two phases anatase and rutile, which analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). TiO₂ NPs morphology were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that product has hexagonal nanobelts, nanorods, and nanowires. Photocatalyst activates of TiO₂ were studied on degradation of methylene blue dye (MB) under UV irradiation, MB absorption decrease with increasing the irradiation time, which optimum degradation showed with nanowires shape comparable with nanorod and nanobelts shapes. The antibacterial study clearly indicates that the palm trunk extract mediated of TiO₂ NP_S exhibit the excellent antimicrobial activity.

Tea is one the most food used in the form of cold and hot drinks in Iraq, so 12 samples of the most frequently traded teas have been collected on the market, where Radon and thoron levels were measured using CR-39 nuclear track detector, and exhalation rates of radon and thoron gas were calculated. The results show that the highest concentration of radon is in sample T-4 and the highest concentration of thoron is in sample T-5 and were 34.725 ± 13.2 Bq/m³ and 10.164 Bq/m³ respectively. The obtained radon levels is within the natural limits of the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides in foods, and this will not form any risk on human health.

pasta (Macaroni) is a dry, hollow pastry, made from cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, etc. It is a diet rich in carbohydrates for different age groups. In this research study examines the emergence one of the long-lived gamma radiation emitters in the various types of pasta available in the Iraqi market. We found concentration of (²³⁸U), (²³²Th) and (⁴⁰K) In units (Becquerel / kg) measured in (20) Various types for pasta that could be obtained in the Iraqi market.( Radium equivalent ), (internal hazard index), and (absorbed dose rate) were also calculated for all studied samples. radiometric measurements by using the gamma spectrometry NaI(Tl) detector. The specific activity in Macaroni samples were wide-ranging from (0.232±0.195) Becquerel / kg to (22.869±2.005) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (6.081) Becquerel / kg for²³⁸U, For ²³²Th From (0.018±0.36) Becquerel / kg to (114.269±1.40) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (21.672) Becquerel / kg and for ⁴⁰K from (58.724±2.28) Bq/kg to (1145.99±10.57) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (663.092) Becquerel / kg. Also, Where we found that the internal risk index as well as the radium equivalent in the samples (pasta) ranged from (0.0135) to (0.8031) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (0.2672) Becquerel / kg and for the equivalent radium, the values were from (4.780) Becquerel / kg to (274,515) Becquerel / kg, and at a rate (177.262) Becquerel / kg. This study showed that, risk indicators calculated in this study are safe and do not constitute any health threat to humans.

Pure and Barium doped Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films are grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. The films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The XRD shows that pure and doped films are polycrystalline. The average grain of films was found to increase with Barium doping. The optical investigation shows a small decrease in bandgap value for the doped films. The pure and 2% and 4% Ba doped films were found to have a bandgap of 2.43eV and 2.5 eV respectively.

Steel slag is a waste material that generated during the process of steel making as a byproduct. It is the major industrials waste that generated from electric arc furnaces that accumulation with huge quantities which causes environmental problems for industrial and agricultural sectors. Therefore, it is very important to minimize waste disposal to reduce landfill area and disposal cost as well as their environmental effects. Lately, sustainable engineering has been applied to minimize waste disposal by using byproducts and waste materials to produce useful products. Therefore, in this research, steel slag has been applied as aggregate concrete asphalt to improve the properties of road pavement. It is used with the percentage of 10-40% of the weight of concrete asphalt mix. The results show that there is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the pavement. Marshal stability was increased from 8 to 15 KN by added slag with the percentage of 30-40%. For that reason, steel slag has widely accepted as aggregate in the pavement application as a road surface for heavy duty work.

Through statistical analysis and determine the date and place of daily rainfall for the study area, which included ten stations from Iraq (2007-2016) It turned out that the behavior of daily rainfall varied significantly from Extreme values reached (89 mm) in Baghdad to min. (0.2mm) in Samawah, Although most of the months of rainy season did not record any rain. Baghdad, Mosul, Khanken and Kirkuk are most variable stations of rain with SD (4). The reason for the change in the amount of daily rain and the difference in distribution between the months of the rainy season is due to the nature of the atmospheric depression where very severe cases it results from the deepening of the atmospheric low surface pressure In this study, it was found that the daily rains of Iraq are not only varying in amount but also a different in Persisting with (1-4and more) days where In March all stations have max. Frequency persisting one day but persisting two days was in January while December persisting three days but persisting four days and more recorded in December. This is due to the nature of the atmospheric depression where very severe cases it results from the Atmospheric depression deepened from the upper atmosphere.

chosen to collect the sediment sample, three stations were near the Marine water and one station was near the river, total Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPHs) were estimated and the results were as following : (TPHs) compounds ranged between (11.6-16.44) μg/g in both stations (2) and (3) but in river station was (6.9) μg/g, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments registered the fallowing data : Acenaphthene was between (N.D -0.796) µg/g, Fluorene recorded (N.D -3.353) µg/g, Phenanthrene (N.D -0.031) µg/g, Anthracene compound was in very high level about (26.653 -26.653 ) µg/g in sation (1,3), Pyrene (N.D -0.052) µg/g, Benzo [a] anthracene (0.227-0.178) µg/g and Chrysene (0--0.061) µg/g. Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Fluoranthene and Naphtalene compounds were N.D. The grain size study shown that sediments are classified as silty clay sediments with high percentage of clay between (65-85 %), and also with a high natural moisture content.

Samples from four sites of Al-Abbasiya River middle of Iraq were collected from sediment and macrophyta, for the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013including studying properties of physiological of aquatic macrophyta by selecting seven species of aquatic plants :Phragmites australis Cav., Typha domengensis per. Ceratophyllum demersumL., Elusine indica L Potomogeton. crispus L Potomogeton pectinatus L. and Myrophyllum verticillatum L. Physiological parameters include (Humidity, pH, TDS, Ascorbic acid, salinity, Chlorophyll, Cl).Typha domengensis reveled higher values of physiological characters compare with other studying species.

Iraq is facing a major environmental crisis due to oil-spills which polluted the Tigris River and caused many problems in the environment depending on the volume of the oil spilled. Therefore these problems need emergency solutions and one of the solutions is treatment using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). In this research the degradation of acidic aqueous solutions of the synthetic diesel oil water emulsion has been studied by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using Fenton reagent (Fe²⁺/H2O2). The effect of different process parameters, such as pH, oxidant's dose (FeSO4/H2O2) and the reaction times on the removal of diesel oil were investigated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). At an optimum concentration optimum of [H₂O₂] = 11×10⁻² M; [Fe²⁺] = 7.4×10⁻³ M, pH=3.5 and reaction time 60 min reduced COD 65% of diesel oil at [Diesel Oil] = 1300 ± 23 mg O2/L. The real oily wastewater was collected from Baghdad south gas power plant-2 and its composition is unknown. The treatment of this wastewater by Fenton oxidations under optimal conditions were removed 86% of the initial COD and 97 % of total petroleum hydrocarbons TPH of the oily wastewater.

this work presents the intensity and thickness surface heat inversions for Baghdad city. This inversion plays an important role in the study of concentrations of pollutants as well as its effect on spraying insecticides, which starts from a height of 2 m using the daily radiosonde data (midnight) of the period from (2013-2014) obtained from the Iraq Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOS). The intensity of the heat inversion was studied on a seasonal basis. It was clear from the study that surface heat inversion shows the highest intensity in the summer and the lowest intensity in both winter, spring and autumn. It was through this research calculated the thickness of the surface heat inversion the results were the largest thickness in the summer months.

Mishrif Formation is considered the most important between the reservoirs formations in the south of Iraq because of its geographic extent. The facies were predicted in Ratawi oilfield from wireline logs that divided Mishrif Formation into two main reservoirs separated by a barrier member. So the formation is almost cupped with shale intervals in both contacts of Rumaila Formations in the bottom and Khasib Formations in the top. While the reservoir characteristics were calculated using the log set in terms of petrophysical properties. The reservoir characteristics destroy and decrease to the south of Ratawi area because of the abundance the facies of the deep marine environments. Furthermore, it was predicted that Mishrif Formation has good reservoir characteristics to the other directions, especially to the east, contrary to the previous expectations.

Iraq faces one of the Middle East's most climate-changing countries, facing many environmental challenges, the most important of which is rising temperatures above normal. The effect of chemical compounds on ozone gas and depletion leads to an increase in the ozone hole and consequently more sunlight reaches the atmosphere. The aim of this research is to study the effect of O3 and its effect on the rate of temperature. The data were obtained from satellites recorded by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). This study selects Iraq and adjacent areas from latitude 27 to 37 °N and longitude from 39 to 50 °E for years (2003-2016), where we studied the behavior of O3 gas concentration and its relationship to air temperature change. Due to the use of correlation coefficient between 3 O and temperature, it was found that the relationship was negative in most of the study stations because the weight gas is fluctuating gas, wherein Sulaymaniyah (Iraq) - 0.5, and in Mosul (Iraq) - 0.3, and in Baghdad station -0.2, while a positive relationship in the southern stations in Basrah station +0.4 and in Nasiriah station +0.3, As in adjacent regions were also positive in Jubail (K.S.A) +0.6, and negative in other neighbor regions.

This study was reported to assessment the impact of bio-control fungi[Trichoderma harzianum. Rafai(T. h. t) and Chaetomium elatum ( C. e)] isolates in controling Echinochloa grus. Gali weeds which growing with the rice- class Yassamine cultivation. The first laboratorial experements were consisted isolation, purification of fungi in rice fields (AL-Mishkhab at agricultural season 2018), and comparing their pathogenicity, promotional abilities through putting a rice and Echinochloa seeds with studied bio-control fungi (their biomass and filterates), as well as the second experiments were acheived by using petri dishes which treated with studied fungi and their filtrates, in order compare the seeds germination rate, plumiles lengths (cm), plumiles fresh and dry weights (gm) of rice and Echinochloa seedlings, these experiments was designed with Completely Randomized Design(C. R. D) The results were as follow;

1-Treatments with the biological control fungi, T. h. t and C. e caused 95. 23, 94. 21, 91. 29 % germination rate of rice seedlings.

2- The T. h. t. fungi and its filtrates gave an significant results in controlling of Echinochloa weeds which were cultivated in petri dishes, Echinochloa germination rates in petri dishes reached 7. 11 % and its filterates gave 11. 49% in petri dishes. Also T. h. t. and their filtrates were appeared a significant results in combating Echinochloa germination rates by decreasing plumiles lengths, plumiles fresh and dry weight that reach 1. 84, 0. 68 % and 0. 077, 0. 019 cm and 0. 019, 0. 009 cm, respectively in compare with control treatment which were 4. 70, 1. 29% and 0. 209, 0. 031cm and 0. 038, 0. 024 cm, respectively.

The climate parameters (rainfall, Number of rainy days and temperature) data for the period from 1941 to 2009 for Nasiriya were investigated. The output reflect minimizing the numbers of rainy days and means yearly precipitation in the Nasiriya station, with the maximizing the yearly mean temperature. The chemical properties of sixteen samples of the shallow groundwater of the Quaternary sediments at Rifai-Nasiriya district are examined. Groundwater analysis indicates that the values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are in the range of (6.9 to 7.8), (1645 to 68509) µS/cm, and (1158 to 47956) mg/l respectively. The results of groundwater analyses show brackish to salty water classes and indicate slightly mineralized to mineralized water. The groundwater is of two catigories Sulphate group with three families (Na - SO4) and (Mg - SO4), while the second is Chloride group having two families, (Ca- Cl) and (Na - Cl). The evaporation and dissolution of the evaporate rocks (gypsum and anhydrite) are the main factors affecting the groundwater as well as the weathering of the carbonate rocks. The water is not good because of the high salinity for any usage.

The research focuses on mixing of Landsat8 ETM+ images for sector of Tar An- Najaf Phenomenon for the sake of gaining the optimum description showing the ground guidelines of the studied area. The optimum Index Factor (OIF) method has ensured that RGB567 represents the preferred mixed bands, where vegetated areas, water and rocks and deposits more obviously distributed. The determinant covariance matrix method stated that RGB457 considered the optimum for spectral resolution. For comparison with Principal Component Analysis, the latter involves PC1,2,3 and shows clear variations that serve the interpreter as a detailed study. Through the study, the best method is the second one.

Global warming has major impacts on world environment and human activities and it has been of increasing concern by scientific community, governmental agencies, and public. Iraq as one of the Middle East countries is vulnerable to global warming. Recent research works indicated that Iraq is facing an increasing heat waves and more aridity. The aim of this work is to analyze long-term temperature (1900-2017) to determine the warming and cooling phases at Mosul (north), Baghdad (center), Rutba (desert), and Basra (south). Gridded high-resolution monthly means of temperature were obtained from NOAA/ESRL. 30 years (1981-2010) available data from Iraqi Meteorological Organization were used to verify The NOAA/ESRL data. Results of comparisons of the two sets of data indicated that they are highly correlated. Time series analysis showed that the most effect of global warming on Iraq occurred on the decades of 2000's and 2010's during summer months (Jun, July, and Aug). The most affected cities were Baghdad and Basra. The less affected city was Rutba. Rutba is less populated town located on the desert near the borders with Jordan. Analysis of temperature decadal anomalies showed that from 1900's to 1980's temperature was cooling with anomalies between 0 and -0.5°C (except during 1960's anomalies were less than +0.25). The results also indicated that during the last three decades (1990's to 2010's) temperature was warming and the highest warming (about +1.5 °C) occurred during last eight years (2010-2017) in all four cities.

Water was selected for (22) blisters dug in selected areas of Maysan province to study the physical properties where acidity was studied and found that the water tends towards light acidity as for the study of electrical conductivity found there was an increase in the biting of wells due to various factors such as wastewater as for the study of self-solids was observed to increase the concentration of this substance due to the presence of human pollution from sewage and soil washing. As for the study of chemical properties included the study of positive and negative ions, including calcium, magnesium and sodium ions, which exist from different sources between natural and between the various human activities as well as the presence of negative ions such as sulfates, chlorine and sodium also different sources. The hydrochemical formula of most groundwater wells (Ca - SO4) was observed due to the high concentrations of these ions in water. As for the use of water for drinking purposes is not suitable for drinking water because of high salinity, while it is suitable for drinking animals because all elements and dissolved solids fall within the limits of comparative tables. The water was found to be unsuitable for industrial, construction and irrigation purposes, as crops with high salinity could be grown. When comparing the results of this water with universal scales.

The safranin dye adsorption from the surface of Nano Iron oxide, using UV-visible spectroscopy device. The effect of temperature within the range )328-298) Kelvin. In the adsorption, process of safranin dye was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption increased with increasing temperature, i.e. the reaction is endothermic (adsorption and absorption).Dye removal was (R% = 97.691) at acid medium. This study indicated the susceptibility of Nano Iron oxide (Nano FeO/CA) in removing safranin dye with a high efficiency of aqueous solution. The material Nano FeO / CA had a better adsorption capacity than CA at concentration of (5) ppm of the dye and was (1.910 mg / g).

This study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science - College of Science - University of Kufa with the aim of isolating and diagnosing fungi isolated from the rice field at the Rice Research Station in Al-Mishkhab in Najaf Governorate. Fungi isolates were diagnosed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and nucleotide sequence determination for DNA products multiplied using the ITS1 and ITS4 prefixes. The results of analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the double DNA products of fungal isolates isolated in this study and using the BLAST program showed that some fungal isolates in this study refer to Pencillium citrinum (1), others belong to Alternaria alternata (2), Aspergillus rugulosus (3), F. chlamydosporum (4). Trichoderma harzianum(5) showed a difference in the sequence of some nitrogenous bases for DNA products. Aspergillus flavus (6), Penicillium Spinulosum (7). The results showed that two isolates of fungi isolates isolated in this study (Aspergillus rugulosus and Aspergillus flavus) were not registered formerly at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), so they were registered under the numbers MT356126 and MT358845.

Climate changes have large impacts on zooplankton community stricture specially temperature that can reduce in biomass of zooplankton and that consider the link between primary producers and upper trophic levels and important to regulation of aquatic ecosystems. In this study we tested the effects of climate changes specially temperature on zooplankton biodiversity and community structure, also tested some environmental factors (pH, dissolved oxygen, PO4, NO3, and DIC) and chlorophyll-a in mesocosm experiment included 16 enclosures which filled with water, aquatic plants and sediment were extracted from the bottom of water pool with heating system for 8 enclosure. This study concluded that elevation temperature could change zooplankton biodiversity and community structure, early flowering plants, pH raising, increase in the chlorophyll-a, decline in PO4 and DIC concentrations.

In nature, E. coli takes place in different forms, separate from commensal to human or animal hosts pathogenies. Though E. coli genetics, physiology, and biochemistry have been extremely elaborated, there is not recognize in passing how they behave in natural habitats. Such an environment has been separated in a primary that is animal-human host-related, while the secondary is non-host-related habitat.. Thus, this study comes to investigate how its survival in different concentrations of different environmental variables and assess the potential effects of some environmental factors (salinity, sulfates, and chloride) on the enterobacter group. API20E kit and VITEK®2 GN were used to identification of studied bacteria. We identified five strains of enterobacter bacteria and one mix-bacteria to test the hypothesis of the current study and using normal saline for preparing serial dilutions. The results showed that the increase of salinity could affect studied bacteria significantly (p-value <0.01), also the increasing of sulfate (as NaSO4) was leading to significantly inhibited of bacterial growth at > 600 mg/L sulfates (p-value <0.01), while the concentration in-between 400-500 mg/L was worked positively with all of the studied bacteria, moreover there were negative effects of different concentrations of chloride (P-value < 0.01), except Var.2 was increased with adding 2gm/L of chloride.

Human activities have the greatest impact on environmental change and natural biological disruption, and there are many forms of this change, whether in the environmental climate, such as the rapid loss of biodiversity and lack of land suitability for agriculture, or the rise in temperature as a result of human changes or environmental health impacts. This research included detecting the effect of asphalt plant pollution on physiological blood parameters for workers in these plants by estimating certain blood markers in samples from 30 workers of different ages, and exposure periods included blood WBC, HGB, HCT, PLT and CO2. The findings showed that the WBC values showed that 93% of employees were above the usual limit, while 84.4% of employees had higher concentrations than control group values, 99% of workers had concentrations above usual HGB levels, while 43% had concentrations below control group values, 86.8% had concentrations below c. 66% of workers have a record lower than the control group 33.4% exceeded the control group values, the results of laboratory CO2 analyzes show that 90% of the CO2 concentrations of this indicator are outside the natural limits and that 100% of the CO2 concentration of workers in their blood is higher than that of the control group.

Removing or reducing speckle noise is one of the main goals to ensure high quality panoramic ultrasound images of muscles and tendons. The presence of noise in the ultrasound image adds a difficulty in the interpretation of the image by clinicians and researchers. In this work, non-liner filter (local adaptive median filter (LAMF1)) has been developed to do a precise detection for speckle noise pixels and reduce its impact on the ultrasound images. It has been applied on three different types of ultrasound images: Based on using set of assessment metrics: Speckle Suppression Index (SSI), Speckle Suppression Mean Preservation Index (SMPI), Enhanced Edge Index (EEI) and Mean Preservation Speckle Suppression Index (MPSSI)), the new local adaptive median filter (LAMF2) has been compared to LAMF1 and Anisotropic Diffusion Filter (ADF). The performance of developed filter (LAMF2) outperformed the performance of LAMF1 as follows: SSI (3%), SMPI (4.79%), EEI (3.7%) and MPSSI (40%). Besides that, ADF has a high level of SSI, SMPI and MPSSI compared to new filter (LAMF2). However, ADF reported better numerical evaluations (EEI) than LAMF2. It is possible to obtain further performance improvements by combining characteristics of both filters (LAMF2 and ADF).

This study represents simulations for estimating transient stability using a neural multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network to obtain the neural network training set to evaluate the transient stability of the Iraqi Super Grid (400 KV) to measure the critical clearing time. Whether the actual and active load varies on each bus when the system fails It will show the actual loading sequence of the system to use as an input to the neural network, while the critical clearing time (CCT) is the basis for calculating the critical clearance time target data used in the neural network from the Rate of Change Kinetic Energy (RACKE) principle, Multimachine power system using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order combination of methods. A three-phase ground error was conducted for transient stability analysis and was not altered during simulation. In the result of the test, The proposed approach applied to Iraq super grid 400kv system has been shown to be more appropriate for estimating transient stability when actual and active loads shift over critical clearing time With a minimum 0.0016% error and a maximum 0.0419% error relative to multimachine CCT (RACKE).

The "green building" is a new concept that attributed to the buildings that provide all the conditions and abilities to protect the environment and support it during its reconstruction and living in it and promote the reality to the best. Therefore, the subject is addressed by dividing the research into five topics, the first, discussing the elements and objectives of "sustainability" and the second, the difference between ordinary buildings and "sustainable buildings". The third discusses with the reconstruction strategy in Iraq, its obstacles, and the afflicted cities. The fourth is the conversion of ordinary buildings into "sustainable buildings". As for the fifth, the results are singled out. Finally, comes the recommendations and sources. The study concluded that "sustainability" support the "sustainable building", by taking environmental elements in all stages of construction. It improves the life of the dwelling person, increases worker productivity and reduces energy, material and resource consumption. A balance was achieved between the biosphere and the residents of the building. Iraq today needs to draw a clear strategy for the reconstruction of destroyed areas and cities, taking into account the criteria of "sustainability", and the criteria of "sustainable design", to achieve balance and keep the environment clean and livable.

The phrase "variational formulation" has been used recently in connection with generalized boundary formulation or initial – problems of value. However, in the classical sense of the phrase, minimizing the squared function as well, that involves all problem intrinsic feature, examples: border or / and starting conditions, the governing equations, constraint conditions, and even jump conditions. Variational formulations, in either sense of the phrase, new theories supposed, support methods to study the mathematical properties of solutions, also most importantly that approximation normal means. In three related topics, the variational formulations can be used. Firstly, in the terms of getting the extremum (example, maxima or minima) are posed for numerous mechanics problems, thus, according nature of that, in the variational statements terms can be formulated. Secondly, other means might formulate for other problems, as vector mechanics (example: Newton's laws), however, the means of variational principles can formulate for that. Thirdly, third, principle variation considers a strong basis for getting approximate solutions to problems in practice, a lot of it is unsolvable. variational inequality (V.I.) in mathematics, is an inequality involves a function, whose solutions to all probable values are for a variables given, mostly belong to a convex series. The variational inequalities of the theory of mathematic have developed in the beginning to deal with problems of equilibrium, Signorini problem specifically. The variational inequality of elliptic is the "A simplified Signorini problem" first type. This V. I of elliptic was associated with second-order partial differentiation.

Nanocellulose crystals (NCC) were isolated from the palm fronds by sonication and hydrolyzed processes and modification of them by the prepared ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) utilizes pulsed laser ablation in water. NCC:ZNPs layers were fabricated using the spin coating technique. The morphological properties of NCCs and NCC: ZNPs layers were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and field-effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM) respectively. NCC fibers have been shown a long fibrous shape with layer fibrous sheets about 60 nm of thickness consist of nano tapes between 30 nm to 70 nm of width and thickness sequentially. ZNPs clusters appeared clearly in FE-SEM image as individual growths between 20 nm to 240 nm of size and around NCC fibers. The structural properties of prepared layers have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the domain peak of cellulose is found at 22.54° mostly. There is increasing in the crystallinity indices with the number of layers were increased in both NCC and NCC: ZNPs films. The sensing of N₂, H₂ and NH₃ gases were measured, generally the sensitivity of gases increased with adding of ZNPs expect N₂.

The aim of the present research is to propose a spectral method for solving optimal control problem indirectly using Boubaker - Turki polynomial functions as basis functions. To achieve this goal, explicit representation formulas for some interesting operational matrices for Boubaker - Turki polynomials functions are first derived which play an important role in dealing with the problem of optimal control. They are operational matrix of derivative, operational matrix of product. By applying the obtained operational matrices and spectral scheme, the main problem is transformed to a set of linear algebraic equations that greatly simplifies the problem. The presented method in details by solving numerical example has been investigated. A new recursive relation of the Boubaker - Turki and Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind as well as a general formula for power function as a linear combination of the Boubaker - Turki polynomial are also included in this work.

The famous Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in which each descending diagonals form left to right is constant, this mean $T=\left(\begin{array}{cccc} a_{0} & a_{1} & \cdots & a_{n} \\ a_{-1} & a_{0} & \cdots & \cdots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \cdots & \cdots & a_{-1} & a_{0} \end{array}\right)$. Mathematician, engineers, and physicists are interested into this matrix for their computational properties and appearances in various areas: C^*-dynamical systems [1], dynamical systems [6], operator algebra [2], Pseudospectrum and signal processing [10]. The object of this research is to define a new class Non-Bazilevi´c functions N_δ in unit disk ↁ = {z ∈ : |z| < 1} related to exponential function. As well as, we obtained coefficient estimates and an upper bound for the second and third determinant of the Toeplitz matrix such that the entries these matrix are belong to this class.

Sensitive, selective and reproducible electrochemical sensors were developed for the electroanalysis of Etoposide (anticancer drug) based on L-lysine film, using the PLY-MWCNTS/GCE sensor. The PLY-MWCNTSs films on modified electrode exhibited very good conductivity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied to examine the electrochemical behavior of PLY film and electrochemical response toward ETO. The PLY-MWCNTS/GCE sensor for detection of the ETO and also the experimental parameters such as film thickness, solution pH, time and accumulation potential were optimized. The obtained LOD of 1.6×10⁻¹¹ M is the lowest LOD, compared to LODs reported in the literature ^[31] for detection of ETO, using electrochemical techniques. This method was successfully applied for direct determination of ETO, and tested for human blood sample with high specificity, and sensitivity.

We prepared polythiophene (PTH) with single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposite thin films for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing applications. Thin films were synthesized via electrochemical polymerization method onto (Indium tin oxide) ITO coated glass substrate of thiophene monomer with magnesium perchlorate and different concentration from SWCNT (0.012 and 0.016) % in the presence130mL of Acetonitrile used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterized these nanocomposite thin films. The response of these nanocomposite for NO₂ gas was evaluated via monitoring the change time in presence 25% NO2 of with electrical resistance at (40, 80,120,160 and 200)°C. We can observe that the PTh/SWCNT films show a higher sensitivity as compare to pure PTH.

A new Schiff base of HL has been synthesized from amoxicillin drug and 4-Chlorobenzophenone. Cr (III), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) mixed ligands complexes of Schiff base and Nicotinamide. Diagnosis of synthesis ligand and its complexes are done by¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR and thermal analysis for HL ligand, FTIR, UV-visible, molar conductance, CHN analysis, magnetic susceptility and atomic absorption. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. All compounds under study were tested antimicrobial activity against four type of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Bacillis subtilis in nutrient agar.

The aim of this study purification of Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) from hypothyroidism patients sera and its relation to thyroid hormones, lipid peroxidation levels of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism patients, blood samples were collected from (50) healthy subject and (100) patients, consisted of fifty with hypothyroidism and fifty with subclinical hypothyroidism.. The purification is done by addition of ammonium sulfate, dialysis, anion- exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. FT3, FT4, TSH, LAP, peroxynitrite, malondialdehyde were determined. Results showed the precipitate and concentrated protein appeared five peaks in ion exchange column, LAP activity located in the first and second protein peak, also, results showed single peak for both first and second peaks after eluted in gel filtration chromatography following steps by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From current study, it is concluded hypothyroidism (LAP) have two isoenzymes, also, concluded a highly significant increase in LAP, MDA and peroxynitrite levels in the subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism patients when compared to the healthy subject, and their correlation with FT3, FT4, TSH in the patient group, when compared by the control group that indicate these parameters could be play an effect role in these diseases.

Wide range of studies have been conducted around the word focusing on the evaluation of radionuclide concentrations in foodstuff. This work focusing on the estimation of the annual effective dose due to radionuclide activity in Iraqi wild fungus, specifically black desert truffles. The fungus have been collected from the desert of As Samawah governorate in the south of Iraq as it is grow in a large amount. The average activity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs were 3.95, 2.53, 260.36 and 1.78 Bqkg⁻¹ respectively in all 10 collected truffle samples. The average annual effective doses from ²³⁸U ingestion were 0.36 and 0.54, from ²³²Th ingestion were 1.16 and 1.47, from ⁴⁰K ingestion were found to be 3.23 and 319.20 and from ¹³⁷Cs were 0.05 and 0.04 μSv year⁻¹ in adults and children respectively. The measured values were less than the assessed world mean value from the exposure caused by natural radionuclide ingestion that documented in the literature (0.29 mSv year⁻¹).

There is a very broad debate recently on the competence of Islamic financial derivatives in banks as a risk management tool better than traditional financial derivatives in conventional banks. The economic crisis that occurred in 2008 was a real measure to prove or deny this claim. In terms of bank performance, this research empirically compares Islamic and traditional banks, to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of Islamic and traditional banks. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as statistical approach used in this research. The Kuwaiti banks were selected as a case study for the period 2006-2011 because it cover the period before and after the financial crisis of 2008. The data obtained from the Scope website, the annual accounts from banks, the IMF database, PhD studies and other tools. The research showed that Kuwait's traditional banks were higher in efficiency and performance before the 2008 financial crisis, but the Islamic banks made a better performance afterwards. However, Islamic and traditional banks are subject to a comparable degree of risk, but different in nature; and the Islamic banks are less safe to financial shocks than conventional banks are. Since Islamic banks are unable to charge a fixed, standardized return and are unable to borrow from the financial market, Islamic banks may face more risk and unpredictable asset returns. The implication of these facts of the over-management modernisation of Islamic banks is important in order to reach a higher degree of efficiency. It will give Islamic banks an advantage over the traditional bank. For traditional banks, they need to invent specific strategies to reduce costs and retain their market position.

External beam radiotherapy can be delivered more precisely by using three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) technique, which is a traditional method used for whole breast radiotherapy. 3D-CRT includes standard wedged tangents (two opposed wedged tangential photon beams), which is based on three Dimensional images (3D) from a special computed tomography (CT scan). Overseas notification form advent of CT scans and more powerful computers have improved dose calculation algorithms and Multi-leaf Collimators (MLCs). Consequently, 3D-CRT is able to shape the Radiotherapy Beam (RTB) closely to match the target shape and volume. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique has the ability to improve sparing of normal tissues and treatment results of radiotherapy (RT). RT is a standard adjuvant therapy in conservative treatment of breast cancer (BC). The IMRT technique is used for many treatment sites, allowing for improved normal tissue sparing, more conformal dose distributions and prevention of secondary cancer. The purpose of this study is to verify and evaluate between the outcome of Radiation Treatment Plans (RTP) of left-sided whole breast irradiation of IMRT technique, and 3D-CRT technique to organs at risk (OAR) that are proximal to the target volume during breast radiotherapy. These include left lung, right lung, heart, and spinal cord by different numbers of beam in left sided breast at Zhianawa cancer center (ZCC) – Sulaimany-KR-Iraq. A second aim is to establish a guideline for breast cancer radiotherapy planning at ZCC. Thirteen patients with left-sided, breast carcinoma who had received radiotherapy were selected for this study. The dose prescriptions for the patients were different according to each patient's cancer stage, using 6, 18 MV photons. The clinical target volume [CTV] was contoured as a target volume and the contralateral breast, left lung, right lung, heart, and spinal cord tissues as OAR. The two different planning techniques were analyzed for 13 patients with left-sided breast conserving surgery. Plans were compared on the basis of planning target volume (PTV) dose conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) and the volumes of normal tissues treated based on dose-volume histograms (DVHs). DVHs were calculated for the PTV, heart, left lung, right lung, spinal cord and soft tissue surrounding the breast PTV (VOB) volume. IMRT techniques slightly improved homogeneity ( HI) than 3D (0.16.04 vs. 0.22, p<0.068). However, there was no significant difference between IMRT and 3D-CRT plans regarding CI. No significant difference was noted in CI by 3D and IMRT as both showed similarity, p< 0.190 ); IMRT technique benefited patients more than 3D-CRT by reducing the high-dose (40.05 Gy) volume for the heart. The heart's mean dose was significantly lower in 3D compared to IMRT (3.58 Gy vs. 10.07Gy, respectively; p < 0.0001). Both the mean dose of the left lung and right lung, were significantly lower for 3D compared to IMRT (10.18Gy vs. 14.26Gy and 0.34 vs. 4.17 respectively; p < 0.001), and p< 0.0001. Cord Max. Cord Max dose was significantly lower in 3D compared to IMRT (6.83Gy % vs. 20.89 Gy%, p < 0.0001). IMRT plans improved by increasing low-dose volume (Lift lung, and Spinal cord soft tissue surrounding the breast) compared with 3D-CRT plans (P<0.0001) but with Right lung P<0.575. However, 3D-CRT plans were improved by increasing low-dose volume (heart) compared with IMRT plans (P<0.230)

Imaging capabilities have been enhanced by scan modality. A review and comparison of some of the most effective open source libraries and medical application development has been implemented. A system composed of Ultrasound-Diagnostic-Machine-CMS600B2, a core i7-9750h Intel laptop processor, an easy-to-use capture tool for converting ultrasound analog images to digital images stored in a laptop and VR receiver to imagine a full organ. The understanding of 3D medical information earned very little consideration when it was intended to look at the ability of investigators to solve problems in 3D space. The aim of this research is to develop powerful computational techniques for integrating, interpreting and analyzing images for creative use in clinical practice. It's turning into extra common to speak regarding 3D, 4D images formed by modern imaging techniques. The potential will be demonstrated by the evolution of medical imaging and VR systems that led to this system.

Today with increase using social media, a lot of researchers have interested in topic extraction from Twitter. Twitter is an unstructured short text and messy that it is critical to find topics from tweets. While topic modeling algorithms such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) are originally designed to derive topics from large documents such as articles, and books. They are often less efficient when applied to short text content like Twitter. Luckily, Twitter has many features that represent the interaction between users. Tweets have rich user-generated hashtags as keywords. In this paper, we exploit the hashtags feature to improve topics learned from Twitter content without modifying the basic topic model of LSA and LDA. Users who share the same hashtag at most discuss the same topic. We compare the performance of the two methods (LSA and LDA) using the topic coherence (with and without hashtags). The experiment result on the Twitter dataset showed that LSA has better coherence score with hashtags than that do not incorporate hashtags. In contrast, our experiments show that the LDA has a better coherence score without incorporating hashtags. Finally, LDA has a better coherence score than LSA and the best coherence result obtained from the LDA method was (0.6047) and the LSA method was (0.4744) but the number of topics in LDA was higher than LSA. Thus, LDA may cause the same tweets to discuss the same subject set into different clustering.

The paper for the survey is to recapitulate applications of laser, mathematically and also discusses whether the laser can furnish a similar or ameliorate treatment for traditional care. Studies have shown that the use of lasers in the different fields is an efficacious device to increase efficiency, quality, easiness, cost and convenience in dental therapy. The laser is an influential dental auxiliary to control pollution, wound reparations, the discharge and control of tremolo in the expulsion of hard tissues. Lasers designed specifically for this region are surgical and medical devices at the forefront of technology and are used by a large number of doctors in everyday use. Dental laser uses wavelengths that are absorbed in soft or solid tissues and given exceptional privacy in tissue. Its clinical capabilities are extremely complex, providing very good comfort for the patient. Clinical conditions will characterize the various and diverse applications of dental lasers depending on the power used during exposure and absorption of wavelengths in soft or hard tissues, emphasizing the benefits for each case.

The cross-sections of (p,n) medium elements reactions as a function of proton energies such as ⁴⁵Sc(p,n)⁴⁵Ti, ⁴⁸Ti(p,n)⁴⁸V, ⁵¹V(p,n)⁵¹Cr, ⁵²Cr(p,n)⁵²Mn, ⁵⁵Mn(p,n)⁵⁵Fe, ⁵⁶Fe(p,n)⁵⁶Co, ⁵⁹Co(p,n)⁵⁹Ni, ⁶²Ni(p,n)⁶²Cu, ⁶³Cu(p,n)⁶³Zn, and ⁶⁶Zn(p,n)⁶⁶Ga have been interpolated near threshold up to 10 MeV in step of 0.05 MeV using MATLAB program. Weighted averages of cross-sections have been used to calculate the astrophysical S-factor and thermonuclear reaction rates as a function of the center of mass energy, E_c.m. and T₉ respectively. Polynomial expressions have been used to fit the calculated astrophysical S-factor and thermonuclear reaction rates to determine the astrophysical S-factor at various Ec.m. and thermonuclear reaction rates at various T₉ from best fitting equations with minimum Chi-Square. Empirical formulae of reactions set ⁴⁵Sc(p,n)⁴⁵Ti, ⁴⁸Ti(p,n)⁴⁸V, ⁵⁵Mn(p,n)⁵⁵Fe, ⁵⁹Co(p,n)⁵⁹Ni, ⁶⁶Zn(p,n)⁶⁶Ga and reactions set ⁴⁸Ti(p,n)⁴⁸V, ⁵¹V(p,n)⁵¹Cr, ⁵⁹Co(p,n)⁵⁹Ni, ⁶³Cu(p,n)⁶³Zn, ⁶⁶Zn(p,n)⁶⁶Ga have been used to calculate the astrophysical S-factor as a function of Ec.m. and Z and thermonuclear reaction rates as a function of T₉ and Z of target nucleus. The results have been compared with the adopted data that have been calculated from the fitting equations which have a good agreement.

The notion of dual left (right) stabilizer of a set in bounded d-algebra introduced in this paper, and we introduce two different topological space with tow basis for them, and we study some properties of these generated topological spaces by the basis, and showing that they are connected, locally connected and separable spaces.

The clarification of weaknesses or defects detection in radiographs image is very important especially in medical science and non-destructive testing centers. The pressing need appears to develop the capabilities that serve image processing in several aspects to achieve the desired results and obtain useful information as possible from images. Therefore, it is very important to know the appropriate methods for image processing, especially with poor context radiographs images to improve their clarity and facilitate the interpretation process. In addition to providing important visual information that difficulty of obtaining from its sources noise-free. This research aims to detect non- normal objects that exist in the X-ray image efficiently through the adoption of digital image processing methods. By using the median filter addition to the morphological processes and obtaining satisfactory results. Where the accuracy of the proposed model reached 86.25 and the proposed model was applied to 80 casting images.

The aim of this paper is to study the properties of eigenvalues with types (real, Repeated, complex) of matrices (2x2), (3x3), (4x4), eigenvectors and eigenspace of matrices by using Matlab. It also investigates the left and right eigenvectors, characteristic equation, existence and multiplicity of eigenvalues, gives some examples about the computation of eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and solves the Dynamic Systems of First Order Linear Differential Equations of (2 dim and 3 dim) as well as the Numerical solution to Dynamic systems by using program Matlab.

The purpose of this research is to enhance the role of organizational communication in organizations using IT technologies. The results showed that there is a strong relationship with information technology technologies in enhancing the role of organizational communication, which in turn helps to improve the performance of organizations in general

This paper is divided into two parts. In first part, we introduce a new definition of a soft set in certain type of soft topological space which is soft locally convex space, $\left(\widetilde{\mathbb{X}}_{A}, \tilde{\tau}_{\mathcal{P}}, A\right)$ and study its some basic properties. In second part, we obtain a results for a soft-non-expansive mappings on a best approximation soft set in $\left(\widetilde{\mathbb{X}}_{A}, \tilde{\tau}_{\mathcal{P}}, A\right)$ and we prove some fixed soft point theorems for these mappings. Most of the recommendations for studied were referring to the study of a new characteristics of the fixed soft point in the soft metric spaces. So, we expanded some fixed soft point theorems of soft-non-expansive on a best approximation soft set in $\left(\widetilde{\mathbb{X}}_{A}, \tilde{\tau}_{\mathcal{P}}, A\right)$ and establish several relationships between properties these results.

High myopia is a state in which the spherical equivalent objective refractive error is ≤ -5.00 Diopters (D) in either eye. Currently, there are several treatment options to correct high myopia including laser eye surgery, refractive lens exchange, pharmaceutical treatment, and others. This study focuses on physiotherapy treatment and aims to evaluate the potential advantage of applying new physical exercises for the eyes of patients aged between 15-30 years, was applied on 50 patients with a known case of high myopia who were recruited through criteria based purposive sampling, they visit the optical clinic routinely at the Medical Technical University. The optometrist assessed the refractive errors and visual acuity of subjects using a Snellen's chart and an auto refractometer, then the eye exercises treatment was done by the specialist physician. The effect of physical exercises on the eyes was determined by comparing the visual acuity of patients before and after the treatment through the SPSS program, and the result was found to be significant with a P-value = 0.0281<0.05. Therefore, eye exercises provide an enhancement in visual acuity, ocular health, and correct the refractive error of high myopia resulting in better vision.

The new ligand [3,3'-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))bis(5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one)] (L) derived from 5,5-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with 1,2-phenylenediamine was used to prepare a new chain of metal complexes of Mn(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Cd(ii) and Zn(ii) by inclusive formula [M(L)]Cl2. Characterized compounds on the basis of ¹H, ¹³CNMR (for ligand (L)), FT-IR and U.V spectrum, melting point, molar conduct, %C, %H and %N, the percentage of the metal in complexes %M, Magnetic susceptibility, thermal studies (TGA), while its corrosion inhibition for (plain steel) in tap water is studied by weight loss. These measurements proved that by (O and N) atoms in the ligand, the metal ions are coordinated in a tetra dentate form and the tetrahedral structure of these complexes is suggested. Using the pathogenic bacteria such as (Escherichia coli) (G⁻) and (Staphylococcus aurous) (G⁺) and fungi (Candida albicans) and (Trichomoniasis), the anti-microbial action of both (L) and their complexes was studied by diffusion method.

Hydatidosis, a problem of worldwide importance is caused by larval (metacestode) stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. Non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) plays an remarkable role in liver disease. This review will discuss sHLA-G and some immunological parameters in the study of Iraq patients with sterile and fertile hydated cyst. A study the immunological parameters include effect of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G which are investigated by ELISA, showed significant differentiation (P<0.05) at the serum level concentration in patients after surgery compared with the level of concentration before surgery and higher than in the control group with non-significant differences in the immune response between two types of fertile and sterile cyst. So, results of KIR2DL4 and ILT4 immunological receptor, which were investigated in patients' blood using the flow cytometry, showed significant increase in concentration from these receptors for patients who suffer fertile and sterile hydatid cysts compared to the control group. Therefore changed immune responses in two type cysts with hydatidosis patients in presence sHLA-G expression.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of gamma-ray oxidation stress (ionization of biological cell as sperm) on the adult chicken reproductive system. In this research, we used cocks chicken at 36-54 weeks of age and find the importance of semen volume in (ml / brid / ejac). Concentration in (Million cells / ml.) and total sperm (Million cells / ejaculation). The value of semen volume, semen concentration and total sperm significantly increased with increased age of cock chicken but not at all ages, only at limited ages considered as control group. These values were found at irradiation with low dose rate (low intensity) of gamma ray (33, 42, and 75 mGy/h) which is a chronic dose rate (long time of irradiation) at 8 h/day for 40 days, which was significant decrease with increase low dose rate gradually. The semen volume decrease ratio with irradiation doses of approximately 5-14% and with semen concentration of approximately 5-12% for three chronic low doses relative to the control group for each cock generation. The average value of both groups showed a substantial decrease in all parameters with increased gamma radiation dose levels. The current study also aimed to identify the problems that may arise from exposure to a slow and equal dose of radiation on certain sperm parameters for a relatively long period of time and to compare them with the findings of previous work on the same mechanism and Use of sunflower seed oil as a protective and protective material against oxidative stresses resulting from radiation exposure and work Reducing its percentage, especially on certain sperm parameters in male chickens.