Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in different cigarettes samples by using (HPGe) detector

Twelve samples of cigarettes have been collected from local markets of different types and origins by using (HPGe) detector, and measurement of the specific activity for series U238 and series Th232 in addition to K40 in order to estimate the health risk of cigarettes their by smokers, the results shown that highest specific activity value were be (12. 8±6. 3 Bq/kg, 8. 41±5. 8 Bq/kg, 125. 16±58. 3 Bq/kg), respectively, in the sample (MAC) MacBeth type cigarettes in Brazilian origin, this paper reports data such as (specific activity of K40, series U238, series Th232 and some parameters hazard indices) on the radioactivity of tobacco leaves so as to know contaminate those cigarettes in natural radioactivity and Suitability of its use by smokers.


Introduction
Tobacco contains minute amounts of radioactive isotopes, for example (Th 232 series, K 40 and U 238 series), that are radioactive carcinogenic and could be found in smoke from consuming tobacco. Individuals who intentionally or passively inhale tobacco smoke are exposed to higher concentrations of radioactivity than nonsmokers. Deposits of radioactive isotopes in the lungs of smokers, delivered to sensitive tissues for long periods of time, generating confined radiation exposures, may induce cancer both alone and synergistically with non-radioactive carcinogens. In a number of studies, inhalation of some naturally occurring radionuclides via smoking has been viewed as one of the most critical reasons for lung cancer [1]. This study aimed at assessment of radioactivity content in tobacco products to provide the important information to evaluate the conceivable wellbeing impacts of tobacco smoking. Twelve most every smoked brands of tobacco were picked. Samples were gathered haphazardly from those accessible on the Iraqi markets. The samples were dried at 60 °C for one hour to guarantee that any dampness was removed from the tests. So as to acquire uniform molecular sizes, a (500 μm) mesh work was utilized, from that point onward, the samples were weighted almost (one kg) Each sample has been (200 cigarettes) and transferred to a Marinelli beaker. The (HPGe) system which was utilized in the present work is a (3×3) inch, see Fig. (1). A fundamental prerequisite to estimate a gamma producer is the character of photo peaks showed in the spectrum made by the detector system. Calibration

Results and Discussion
The specific activity of radionuclide in tobacco cigarettes is vireis different depending on the soil type of where tobacco is planted and the quality of phosphate fertilizers rich in uranium, the measurements of twelve sample of cigarette tobacco available in Iraqi markets of the most consumed kinds cigarettes and from different origins using (HPGe) detactor The aftereffects of the present work were outlined in Table (1) it tends to be seen that: The most elevated estimation of AU was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (30. 61 Bq/kg) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of AU was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (2. 97 Bq/kg) which is Graven (Turkish origin), see Fig. (2), with a average estimation of (12. 8±6. 3 Bq/kg). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of AU in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (35 Bq/kg) [7].
The aftereffects of the present work were outlined in Table (1) it tends to be seen that: The most elevated estimation of ATh was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (24. 39 Bq/kg) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of ATh was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (BDL) which is Graven (Turkish origin), see Fig. (2), with a average estimation of (8. 41±5. 8 Bq/kg). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of ATh in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (30 Bq/kg) [7].
The aftereffects of the present work were outlined in Table (1) it tends to be seen that: The most elevated estimation of Ak was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (275. 59 Bq/kg) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of Ak was found in sample 11 which was equivalent (54. 34 Bq/kg) which is Oscar Silver (American origin), see Fig. (2), with a average estimation of (125. 16±58. 3Bq/kg). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of Ak in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (400 Bq/kg) [7]. Table (2) it tends to be seen that: The most elevated estimation of Raeq was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (86. 708 Bq/kg) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of Raeq was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (8. 680 Bq/kg) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with an average estimation of (34. 445±16. 6 Bq/kg). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of Raeq in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (370 Bq/kg) [7]. The most elevated estimation of DƔ was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (40. 365 nGy/h) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of DƔ was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (4. 465 nGy/h) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with a average estimation of (16. 204±7. 7 nGy/h). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of DƔ in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (55 nGy/h) [7]. The most elevated estimation of (AED)in was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (0. 198 mSv/y) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of (AED)in was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (0. 022 mSv/y) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with a average estimation of (0. 079±0. 03 mSv/y). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of (AED)in in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (one mSv/y) [7].
The most elevated estimation of (AED)out was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (0. 050 mSv/y) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of (AED)out was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (0. 005 mSv/y) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with a average estimation of (0. 02±0. 009 mSv/y). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of (AED)out in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (one mSv/y) [7].
The most elevated estimation of Iɣ was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (0. 316) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of Iɣ was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (0. 031) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with a average estimation of (0. 061±0. 006). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of Iɣ in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (one) [7].
The most elevated estimation of Hin was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (0. 317) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of Hin was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (0. 035) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with a average estimation of (0. 055±0. 005). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of Hin in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (one) [7]. The most elevated estimation of Hex was found in sample 6 which was equivalent (0. 234) which is Macbeth (Brazilian origin), while the least estimation of Hex was found in sample 10 which was equivalent (0. 023) which is Graven (Turkish origin), with an average estimation of (0. 045±0. 004). The present outcomes have demonstrated that estimations of Hex in tobacco cigarettes were minimum than the recommended value of (one) [7].

Conclusions
The eventual outcomes of the present work concerning values of the AU, ATh, Ak in all cigarettes samples and determination the parameters [Raeq, DƔ, (AED)in , (AED)out, Iɣ, Hin and Hex] which was less than their corresponding allowed limits.