Table of contents

The work considers the problems of the mining industry in the sphere of mining and processing waste formation and use by industrial enterprises in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the work are the annual reports of enterprises, official documents and scientific publications. In result it was determined that the dynamics and efficiency of waste use by companies differ both in quantitative indicators and in the constancy of growth dynamics and the current situation is characterized by low market motivation and lack of incentives. Proposals to increase the involvement of industrial waste in economic circulation and processing was developed. It was established that it is necessary to involve industrial waste in use because of its potentially valuable consumer properties, to develop and implement low-waste technologies in cooperation with scientific organizations, and to increase the transfer of waste to other organizations as resources for the production of products.

The article deals with the creation of intelligent tractor driver support systems based on computer vision technologies for analyzing the direction of movement and detecting obstacles when performing specified operations, such as plowing, harrowing, weeding, and fertilizing. Electric power poles, trees, rocks, bird nests, animals, people, and field roads are identified as obstacles. The solution of functional problems in the system is based on the extraction of information from images using methods for detecting and recognizing objects in images. The analysis of existing approaches to solving the problems under consideration is carried out and it is shown that the use of deep neural networks is effective. The practical use of the methods based on the chosen approach is based on the performance of the computing system, the availability of sufficient training data and the optimality of the training method. It is shown that these factors are important when implementing an intelligent tractor driver support system.

In connection with the growth of cities and the increase in building density, the problem of noise control in the city is becoming increasingly relevant. To protect residential areas from the noise of traffic flows in megacities, acoustic barriers with their own design features are widely used. These features can be based on a number of reasons: a complex noise picture, imperfection of noise insulation or noise absorption materials, high cost of execution, and other reasons. The article shows that the use of transport acoustic barriers with hoods, the design of which includes solar panels, can ensure the investment attractiveness of highway projects due to the potential profit from the use of solar energy. The efficiency of the use of solar cells in the construction of transport acoustic barriers is evaluated on the example of protection against exceeding the permissible noise of a section of territory near a major highway in St. Petersburg. The necessary noise measurements were carried out and a 3D model of the highway section was created with an acoustic barrier design that combines the function of noise reduction and solar energy generation. The selection of the tilt angle of the hood of the acoustic transport barrier was carried out (it was proposed to place solar panels on the hood), when the use of solar energy in the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region is sufficient to generate adequate electricity consumption in the period from April to September. To assess the effectiveness of the protective barrier, we used guidelines for protecting areas adjacent to highways from traffic noise from Rosavtodor for galleries and tunnels. The conducted assessments showed the prospects of using solar cells in the construction of transport acoustic barriers, as it is shown that even in geographical locations with relatively low solar activity, a useful effect can be obtained from the use of solar panels.

The paper presents the results of making an ontological model of agro-industrial complex management. The purpose of ontological modeling is to describe the subject area to develop a digital platform for agro-industrial complex management. The hierarchy of the ontological model of the agro-industrial complex management in the region is presented, in which the meta-level, ontologies of the upper and applied levels are identified. A concept map of the agro-industrial complex was developed, which allowed to define the industry concepts and relations between them. A general ontology of industry management is formed with subjects and objects of management, their attributes, relations and axioms identified as structure-forming elements; among ontological coordinates there are space, time, an ontological classifier and naming technology. The article presents results of testing the ontological management model using the case of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

One of the main tasks of the state is to ensure food independence and security. Achieving food security in a particular region is possible, among other things, through the production of healthy food based on local agricultural and wild-growing raw materials. The agricultural sector of the Amur Region is characterized by large volumes of production of non-genetically modified soybeans, and wild berries grow on the territory of the region. These raw materials can be used for the production of functional foods. One of the promising objects for enriching the chemical composition and imparting the properties of a functional food product are jelly desserts. The article investigates the possibility of obtaining gelatinous soy-based desserts using wild berries, a sweetener and a structurant. The inclusion of these components in the recipe allows you to get desserts enriched with vegetable proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Protein gelled desserts prepared according to the developed technology and recipes were highly appreciated in terms of organoleptic characteristics, they have a pleasant appearance and color, strong jelly-like consistency, light fruity aroma, moderately pronounced natural sweet taste and pleasant aftertaste.

The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Arctic) is a unique region which ecosystems have low resilience and recovery. The exploitation of natural resources in the Arctic in particular mineral and raw materials as well as oil and gas complexes can lead to negative impact on the environment which consequences of are often irreversible. In this regard, scientifically based proposals to ensure the technosphere safety of the Russian Arctic are required in order to maintain the ecological balance during industrial exploitation which is the most important not only for the Arctic but for the entire planet. The aim of the work is to study the amounts of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by enterprises that directly operate in the Arctic and develop proposals to reduce the negative impact. The analysis of the largest resource companies as: PJSC NOVATEK, PJSC Severstal (Division Severstal Resources), PJSC "MMC "Norilsk Nickel" and PJSC ALROSA was carried out for the period 2015 - 2019. The analysis showed that there is no reduction in emissions at PJSC NOVATEK while at the enterprises of other companies there is a decrease associated with a reduction in production volumes or the withdrawal of certain enterprises from the company rather than the implementation of new environmental technologies in sufficient quantities. Despite the measures taken by the enterprises for environmental safety the considered indicators do not always demonstrate stable positive dynamics indicating the insufficient effectiveness of the current environmental policy and the need to develop and implement effective innovation resource-saving technologies.

About 200 million people suffer annually from natural disasters. The economic damage of these events amounts to billions of dollars. In circumstances where more than 50% of the world's population lives in cities, naturally arises challenge related to implementation of new methods and means aimed at enhancing the capacity of authorities to ensure the safety of human capital, economic values and natural resources. Resilience of cities, regarded as the ability to keep effective functioning during and after natural disasters, is determined by the many criteria. The most important of it is the correct organizational and planning structure of the settlement that meets the Sustainable Development Goals. The presence of a completed scientifically grounded and rational greening of the settlement system will allow for the main range of ecosystem services - from global, sanitary and hygienic and medico-social to scientific, educational, cultural and aesthetic. There are 6 main associated with the objects of greening and plantings subgroups of city resilience criteria. 8 main directions of work of the governing bodies are proposed to achieve the goals of the development of settlements in accordance with the principles of enhancing the viability. 8 main directions of governing bodies work are proposed to achieve the goals of the development of settlements in accordance with the principles of enhancing the city resilience.

The results of studying the hydrocarbon systems with application of the modelling techniques using the Schlumberger PetroMod software complexes are considered. Modeling of sedimentary basins of the Bering Sea and their hydrocarbon systems is performed. Estimation of the probability of discovery of oil and gas accumulations related to the marine hydrocarbon systems showed that the highest probabilities of the discovery characterize the GAHS correspondent to the Eocene-Miocene (Mainitsky-Sobolkov) sediments. Probabilities of discovery of the deposits within the younger Gagarin-Avtatkul hydrocarbon systems (Lower to Middle Miocene) are substantially lower. The perspectives of discovery of oil and gas accumulations are related to oil and gas generation and accumulation capacities of insufficiently studied and distributed along the area of the deep-water region Cretaceous-Cenozoic or more ancient sloping deep sea sedimentary complexes, total capacity of which is higher in the northern and eastern near-slope zones of the Aleutian basin comprising 6 to 8 km or more. Studying of the above complexes would apparently facilitate a substantial increase of total hydrocarbon potential of the Bering Sea.

In 2019 the UN announced a course to achieve carbon neutrality of industries by 2050. In this connection interest in hydron fuel has increased. Hydrogen due to its ecological characteristics is considered to be one of the most promising energy sources. It does not pollute the atmosphere, as the product of its combustion is water; it has a high energy intensity and is also the most abundant element on the planet. Despite the fact that most of the hydrogen is produced by the steam reforming of methane, the most environmentally friendly way to produce hydrogen is the electrolysis of water. However, the problem with this method is the high cost of electricity, which in addition in most cases is a product obtained from the combustion of primary energy sources. A modern gas transmission system can become a secondary source of electricity for hydrogen production, thereby solving the problem of utilizing excess pressure energy at gas distribution stations (GDS). The technological solution for using this energy is the installation of turboexpanders and the electrolysis of water at the GDS in order to generate hydrogen.

In this article, the authors suggest complementing the strategical management methods for the agricultural sector of the region with cognitive modeling technologies. In particular, they developed an integrated cognitive management model comprising two identifying models: the cognitive model of the research subject (the regional agricultural sector) and the cognitive model of the environment (the static model of the region's agricultural sector), as well as the dynamic cognitive model that allows for the modeling of controlling actions in the sector and assess the results of management decisions. The practical significance of the research lies in the formalization of the management decision-making to implement the model when creating a digital twin of the industry on the digital communications platform for the region's agricultural sector. The model is versatile because it can be used to model strategic control actions in any of the regions of Russia. One of the drawbacks of this model is the use of the expert approach because of its subjectivity.

All The technosphere pollution with various substances has been analyzed considering their impact on human health, depending on the hazard degree. The most frequently occurring in nature hazardous substances have been classified by the degree and class of hazard. The impact of exhaust gases emitted by the recently growing motor vehicle fleet on human health is shown. A new ultrahigh-frequency technique is proposed to monitor the concentration of exhaust gases emitted by vehicles into the atmosphere. Measures are specified that allow reducing the environmental footprint by pursuing a sound environmental policy and introducing innovative technologies.

The purpose of this research work is to conduct experimental research on the accuracy of three types of compass systems: UKPM-M magnetic compass, SSC200 hardbody digital compass, and PGM-C-009 gyrocompass. The study was carried out in Amur Bay. The heading was measured when the study vessel was controlled by the automatic steering device and manually, under no waves, seaways, and free driving. The data obtained were analyzed using spectral analysis. Based on the accuracy measurements, we considered the possibility of using the most accurate data about the heading as the input for the automated vessel steering system.

The paper analyzes the possibility of using different higher aquatic vegetation (HAV) and its effectiveness in the treatment of industrial effluents of mining enterprises. The influence of various factors on phytoremediation processes is assessed: natural and climatic (ambient temperature, air humidity, illumination, water temperature) and chemical (pH of water, content of dissolved oxygen in water, concentration of pollutants in water, presence or absence of organic compounds). The cleaning efficiency of both one and several species of hydrophytes, both semi-submersible and free-floating, was analyzed. It was found that the greatest effect of phytoremediation is manifested with the complex use of groups of higher aquatic plants different in their species composition and place of growth.

The article is devoted to a current problem of the need to increase the explosive safety of tanks. The paper analyzes the causes of explosions in tanks. Constructive solutions of existing stationary tank roofs are analyzed, including with an easily removable sheathing. The required areas of loss of containment of the tank roof are calculated depending on the type of flammable liquid. The dependence of the level of filling the oil product in the tank on the excess pressure during the explosion has been determined. Criteria and requirements have been developed for fixed roofs with easily removable sheathing.

The article discusses the conditions for the introduction of digital technologies This study is aimed at studying the importance of digitalization for ensuring the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The article deals with the theoretical and applied issues of innovative development of the sector. The stages of digitalization implementation in the agro-industrial complex of Russia are analyzed. Methods of modernization of traditional agricultural systems are revealed. General recommendations for the development of digitalization in the agro-industrial complex have been developed.

Analyzing the results of the basin modeling using software complexes, preparing of the maps of the generation and accumulation hydrocarbon systems in the waters of the Eastern Arctic is performed. Studying of sedimentary complexes was performed and graphs of geological events were plotted within the limits of five hydrocarbon systems. Land prospectivity categories were defined in accordance with estimates of the specific densities of the default predicted resources.

This article develops numerical algorithms for solving inverse problems of recovering diffusion coefficient from additional information about the solution of reaction-diffusion equation. The results of computational experiments are presented and discussed. Their contribution to the methods of mathematical modeling of technological disasters and the solution of problems of peoples safety ensuring in case of living near potentially dangerous objects is estimated.

This work is devoted to the microbiological analysis of meat and by-products of hazel grouse in the conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), depending on the seasons. The material for the study was the carcasses and internal organs of hazel grouses, obtained in hunting brigades and hunters during the spring-autumn shooting of birds in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Samples of muscle tissue, lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, the contents of the stomach and intestines of hazel grouses were taken from 29 birds for the isolation of E.coli, salmonella, staphylococci and Cl. perfringens. According to the research results, it was found that the intensity of bacterial contamination depends on the season, that the greatest contamination of E. coli, salmonella, staphylococci occurs in the spring, made it possible to determine the species composition of the microflora of the organs and tissues of hazel grouse by the seasons of the year.

The technique of appraisal have been proposed for the evaluation of the recoverable reserves according to production schedules for the total wells number of the same calendar year into operation. NPV formula representation and necessary conditions for optimality have been proposed. Recoverable reserves and rate of production (production decline) have been identified for the wells put into operation in 2012 – 2017. As a trend, the initial production rate of wells and recoverable reserves grew from year to year, as well as investments in one well. The ties between the length of horizontal wellbores multiplied by the volume of injected proppant and production parameters have been studied. The choice of production technology depends on the actual oil price. With an increase in the oil price, optimaly coordinated increase both the recoverable reserves and the rate of production at the well.

Information-computing technologies are becoming a necessary tool in solving various kinds of problems related to research in the field of agriculture. Modern methodology also does not ignore soil science and ecology. Unified databases are being created on the most important physicochemical parameters characterizing soils. This leads to the emergence of more and more promising means of computing technologies. In particular, software systems that would make it possible not only to make long-term forecasts, but also to simulate various kinds of processes. As a result, there is a gradual transition to artificial intelligence. At the same time, very broad tasks are set before him. One of them is the enhancement of human capabilities. But at the same time, one should not forget that artificial intelligence can work effectively only if tasks are prescribed for it to be performed. He is able to study, analyze, collate a huge amount of data and use the knowledge gained to properly organize the environment.

The article discusses different options of selection sowing machines developed in the period from 1960 to 2020. The design and basic parameters of the machines are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of some models are outlined. The purpose of the study is to give an overview of technical means of sowing grain crops at the initial stages of breeding work and to outline a list of promising machines for sowing in plots of I-II stages. It is revealed that many engineered machines are being manufactured or undergoing modernization. The created scientific groundwork allows developing new machines and streamlining the operation of existing ones. The presented machines are characterized by a fairly high performance. Many machines are characterized by a wide range of settings for various crops and sowing conditions and greatly facilitate the work of the operator-seeders.

The Ozernovsky hot springs, located in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, are poorly studied. They are essential in the field of balneology. Previously, the springs were used for balneology. The work is devoted to the study of the discharge zone of springs: geological position, drawing up a detailed layout diagram, temperature of each spring, chemical composition. The research results have been introduced into practice.

The problem of hydrogen production using renewable energy sources in the world and in Russia is considered. Preliminary estimates of possible volumes of hydrogen production and of carbon dioxide emission reducing in the coastal regions of the North and East of Russia using wind power plants have been carried out. Based on the calculations of the wind characteristics variability over a 30-year period for the Sakhalin Peninsula, an analysis of possible interannual and within-year variability of the capacity factor was accomplish. Estimates of the prospects for reducing of CO2 emissions due to the potential for green hydrogen production using wind power plants energy as an alternative to fuel power plants in regions of Russia are completed.

The article highlights the relationship between ensuring world food security and the pace of technological transformation of agriculture, taking into account the impact of global challenges, based on the study of theoretical approaches of leading scientists. The authors use analysis and synthesis, expert, statistical and comparative methods. The history of technological changes in agriculture are considered through its evolution from traditional food systems to Agriculture 5.0 – the post-industrial system with the use of robotics, big data and artificial intelligence systems. The authors prove that the level of agricultural development and the rate of its technological transformation are sharply differentiated by country. The cross-country analysis of indicators of food security, innovation potential, production and food net trade of the leading food-producing countries allowed us to draw two conclusions. First, developed countries that are at the top of the innovation rating and ensure national food security at a high level have negative food net trade. In the near future, these countries will not be able to have a significant impact on world food security. Secondly, countries with export-oriented agriculture are characterized by low innovation and have limited opportunities for labor productivity growth in agriculture.

The digitalization of production in agriculture is a global trend. The national priorities of modern Russia to be determined by the program documents of the country's socio-economic development for the period up to 2030 imply the use of the wide possibilities of digital technologies to ensure the entry of the Russian Federation into the largest economies in the world. A departmental project is being implemented within the framework of the Digital Economy national project. Digitalization is identified as an important factor in strategic competitive advantage in the medium term, which is difficult to implement without government support. The regions have been identified that are leaders in the field of digitalization of agricultural production and pay great attention to this process. The experience of these regions can provide investments in the development of other regions, as well as ensure the development and modernization of agricultural enterprises. Therefore, information on successful practices in the application of information technologies should be popularized for wider dissemination among farmers.

since 2010, the stevedoring companies in the Primorsky region have been actively increasing the volumes of coal handling due to growing demand for coal production (in 2.5 times) in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

At ¼ 2020, in the context of the stagnation of the global economy, the demand for coal remained stable in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Thus, in order to maintain the positions of the Russian Federation in the coal markets of the Asia-Pacific region countries, it is necessary to have due understanding of the handling capacities efficiency, the quality of coal processing services and the environmental impact in the seaports of the Primorsky region. Despite the fact that the closed coal handling technology at the specialized coal terminal used by JSC «Vostochny Port» is considered the most effective, the most local stevedoring companies use non-specialized coal handling technology by clamshells.

The article discusses the basic concepts of the currents ordering in the sea near-shore zone when substantial water flows come from the rivers that feed them. Some preliminary calculation schemes are considered to determine the main fundamental parameters of the systems of artificial structures that organize the flow in the seashore in order to ensure the best environmental conditions.

One of the important tasks in forecasting and monitoring the development of oil and gas condensate fields is taking into account the current losses of condensate in the reservoir. In this case, it is necessary to use several versions of models that differ in the formation of parameters and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbon phases. Models are considered in which either the liquid phase dissolves in the gas phase, or it is assumed that heavy fractions are absent in the gas phase. Models of this type are used more often when predicting the development of deposits in the natural depletion mode. Experimental and computational models of equilibrium phase transitions make it possible to improve the prediction of condensate losses in the reservoir. The complexity and laboriousness of the PVT experiment, along with the introduction of new technologies, create a lack of information on the thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbon systems. In order to take into account reservoir losses of hydrocarbons for the development conditions of the Vostochno-Urengoyskoye field, the forecast of the balance of condensate production for the current and final periods of operation was carried out. The model considered in the work allows for adjusting the forecast indicators of condensate production at the current moment of reservoir operation [1,2,3].

Currently, to determine the productive characteristics and diagnose the state of the bottomhole zone of wells (BHZ) operating the gas condensate deposits of the Beregovoye field, studies are being carried out, which include a set of interrelated methods that differ in theoretical basis, technology and execution technique. The purpose of these studies is to obtain information on the thermobaric parameters of the formation fluid in the reservoir, on the productive characteristics of wells, on the filtration-volumetric and mechanical properties of the porous medium. In this case, the curve of the derivative of the pressure drop at the bottom of the well with respect to the logarithm of time, built in two logarithmic axes, is widely used. To construct this diagnostic curve, three types of data are used: pressure recovery curve (HPC); pressure stabilization curve at constant well flow rate and studies with arbitrary change in flow rate and bottomhole pressure. Using the curve of the derivative of the pressure drop over the logarithm of time, a very wide range of possible structure of the wellbore area, the shape of its drainage boundaries, fractures, double media, etc., is diagnosed. When determining the productive characteristics during the development of the reservoir, the nature of the pressure change over the reservoir area was studied. The frequency of measurement of reservoir pressure by wells was established taking into account the geological features of the Beregovoye field and the rate of formation gas withdrawal from the reservoir.

The role of innovative technical solutions that are both effective against roadbed deformations and ecological friendly is at rise for new road constructions, renovation of current roads, the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) and Yakutian Mainline (YM) in particular. The task is complicated by a perspective increase of heavy trains and ongoing climate change that must be taken into account for the roads on permafrost and ice-bearing soils. The author's experience shows the effectiveness of "natural process assistance" approach in solving the above mentioned tasks [1]. The technical solutions are aimed to be economically reasonable, easily producible and adopted in different conditions.

The paper considers the relationship between textural and structural features and gross mineral and chemical composition of minerals and the physical properties of apatite-nepheline ores and their processing. It is noted that the change in the physical properties of ores involves primarily the change in their mineral composition due to apatite depletion. An increase in the content of nepheline and pyroxene to 35-55 % sharply increases the ore strength up to 47-104 MPa, which entails the growth of energy consumption for grinding. An important factor is that the ore contains high-strength poikilitic intergrowths of apatite with nepheline, pyroxene, and titanite, in which about 20 % of fine-grained apatite is concentrated, and the extraction of which is a complex technological problem. The authors attribute a change in the chemical composition of apatite to the main factors deteriorating the product quality. According to the studies, the chemical composition of apatite is unstable and varies in the content of P₂O₅ (37.20-42.6 %), SrO (2.29-5.36 %), and Tr₂O₃ (0.51-1.05 %). It is noted that a change in the composition may affect the flotation properties and quality of the concentrate.

The work describes the task of modern intelligent information systems devices developing. The prospects of using V2X technology for the segment of civil and special purpose vehicles, as well as its applicability for solving of road safety problems, have been evaluated. An experimental model of an on-board electronic device designed for organizing dynamic communication of transport network participants under unstable cellular coverage is shown. The transfer of information between vehicles with low or no signal is carried out via the V2X network, the nodes of which are vehicles located within a radius of up to 2 km. Areas and scenarios of the possible application of development are considered, the most promising functions are described.

The organization of the city's passenger transport route system is the most important task of transport planning. Public transport stops in places with high demand for transportation are hubs of passenger traffic and are used jointly by different routes. This leads to queues of vehicles and causes delays in the movement of buses and trolleybuses. Reduce vehicles queues is achieved when the stops are distributed by dividing them into several landing pads. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations to rationalize the location of urban transport stops to improve the quality of passenger service and ensure transport mobility. Methods are used in the preparation of the article: mathematical modeling, queue theory, and the results of transport research. Recommendations for transport planning have been developed: a) distribute stops into multiple parts proposed using a queue theory model, b) some models for the rational placement of landing pads at a combined stop are proposed.

Currently, intensive research is being carried out on the oil and gas content of the eastern Arctic region of Russia. This article discusses geochemical studies carried out in the northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is promising for hydrocarbons. This article presents the results of surface geochemical sampling of rocks, waters, and gases performed in Eastern Yakutia under the program of direct oil and gas prospecting. Geochemical studies have shown the promising oil and gas content in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which provide an opportunity to carry out prospecting and discovery of predicted deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials.

The aim of the study is to identify the list of machines for harvesting grain crops from plots I-II stage of selection works and to outline promising directions of development of harvesting machines designs. The article discusses various options for harvesting machines and their development in the period from 1976 to 2020. The appearance of the machines, their purpose and some parameters are presented. Their design and technological advantages and disadvantages are outlined. It is revealed that despite the fact that developed models of the machines exist, they are not mass-produced. Obviously, this is due to their low demand and factories see no benefit in setting up such production. Each of the presented machines allows increasing the productivity of mowing plants by a factor of 1,5 to 3. Many of the developed machines eliminate operator injury during operation.

The stream turbidity significantly changes during the river bed evolution. It depends on the sediment storage, which is affected by the bottom dredging works, the construction of underwater crossings of main pipelines, bridge crossings, and others.

In the present paper, we consider the change in the stream turbidity during the laying of the underwater crossings of the main pipelines (ML) across the river Lena. A significant increase in the water turbidity and the discharge of suspended sediment has been detected during the construction of linear structures intended for transporting the energy resources. The river bed erosion in the trench area is one of the factors of the decrease in the service life of the underwater crossing of ML when the siphon is trench laid across a water channel. When the bottom is scoured, and the siphon of the underwater pipeline is denuded, significant hydrodynamic loads not specified by the project are added to the operational loads. Torsional, bending, and overturning moments, as well as the phenomena of hydro-abrasive erosive wear, develop [1]. They lead to fatigue failure of individual sections of the underwater pipeline on the base metal and welded joints. It is crucial to conduct further studies to assess the deterioration degree of the ecological state of the river Lena.

Based on the importance and relevance of forest conservation and restoration, at least from the perspective of reducing the negative consequences of global warming, the article analyses the state of forest restoration processes in the Russian Federation and measures to organize and ensure these processes. The lack of balance between the legislatively fixed preferred method of reforestation as an artificial or combined method and the real, prevailing volumes of natural forest regeneration is associated with an extremely inefficient forest policy and a limited regulatory framework for the formation of the necessary reforestation processes. The article focuses on the fictitiousness of the reforestation process implemented by tenants within the framework of the natural forest planting system in the absence of subsequent long-term proper care. It is emphasized that it is almost impossible to provide long-term and high-quality forest care within the existing lease relations with loggers. On the other hand, the management bodies are not able to ensure proper control and monitoring of reforestation to assess its effectiveness. These problems and their severity are clearly demonstrated by the analysis of the forestry activities of the Irkutsk region.

In practice, the industry and the business sector have felt the impact of the coronavirus that has spread around the world. Today it is not known when the system will recover, but it is already quite clear that the post-covid reality will require radically new approaches to the organization of mining operations. Usually, the conservative mining industry in Russia has felt the influence of new trends set by the pandemic, such as, for example, the transition of employees to remote work, which has spurred an accelerated transition to automated work; a change in the distribution chain, are inseparable from the closure of borders, the acquisition of new skills from staff, and others. This article focuses on the development of mining assets in the mining industry. The article concretizes the essence of geometry. Appropriate solutions for end-to-end optimization of the "mine-factory" system are outlined due to a deep understanding of the characteristics of the ore and the introduction of digital tools. The most popular innovations necessary for implementation into the modern mining process have been identified, ranked according to the categories "Production materials, technologies and equipment", "Automation and digitalization", "Field development", "Technologies of deep processing of raw materials: green chemistry", "Technologies of deep processing "processing of raw materials: green metallurgy". The production assets of the Polar Division are analyzed using the example of PJSC Mining and Metallurgical Company Norilsk Nickel. As a project initiative to improve the efficiency of ore mining within the mine field, the reconstruction of a skip ventilation shaft from a cage to a skip-cage is being created. A variant of solving the geomechanical problems of the company is being considered.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is of great importance in the energy segment of the economy. Natural gas, has a higher calorific value, better fuel efficiency and is more environmentally friendly, thereby gaining more importance compared to oil and coal. Not only does LNG offer greater flexibility in supply, it also has cost advantages for transportation starting from a distance of 2,000 km (at sea) and 4,000 km (on land) respectively. Consequently, the LNG market will grow in the coming decades compared to two other fossil sources - oil and coal. To use natural gas, it is necessary to create safe and economically profitable transportation routes from natural gas deposits to end users. One possibility is to transport gas in a liquefied state, at low temperatures. To ensure safe and reliable storage of liquefied gas at minus 163 ° C, good physical and mechanical properties of the base material and weld (corresponding tank system) are required. To meet these high requirements, appropriate welding methods and welding materials are selected. The paper presents an analysis of activities on the development of new welding materials and improvement of welding technologies for the construction of LNG tanks.

The importance of polymeric materials in modern life can hardly be overestimated. The annual growth of their production and consumption is one of the main directions of the development of the world economy. At the same time, the problem of recycling polymer waste after the end of the use of products made on their basis arises (according to various sources, only 10-15% of all produced polymers are used for the manufacture of containers). Fully biodegradable plastics are practically non-existent today. Any of the proposed solutions has its own advantages and disadvantages, which require commensuration with consumer characteristics, price, production costs. Independent examinations show that a truly complete degradation of polymers is possible only if they are made from plant materials. The article discusses the rationale for the feasibility of building a plant for the production of biodegradable materials based on plant materials in the Tyumen region.

In the northeastern part of Russia, the shelfs of the Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi seas are promising for hydrocarbon raw materials. This article presents the predicted hydrocarbon reserves on the eastern Arctic shelf of Russia by various authors. The oil and gas potential of the northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is shown to provide an opportunity for prospecting and the discovery of predicted hydrocarbon deposits, which will significantly optimize the fuel and energy balances of the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

An attempt is made to explain the features of the distribution of deposits and zones of improved reservoirs in the carbonate part of the Vendian-Cambrian oil and gas complex. The conditions of oil and gas content of the carbonate part of the section of the Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise (NBA) are proposed: the formation of a fault zone with feathering cracks → circulation of aggressive solutions along them with the formation of secondary fractured-cavernous reservoirs → vertical migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the formed secondary reservoir. According to the presented scheme for the formation of zones of improved reservoirs, promising zones and subsoil areas within Western Yakutia are indicated.

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of gasification pressure on the composition of the producer gas from different types of coals. Calculations of gasification process with determining the main indicators for different coals depending on the pressure and the recirculation fraction of the producer gas were carried out. The results of studies have shown that the elevated pressure and fuel heating by recirculation gases in combination with high values of gasification temperature and the use of oxygen or steam-oxygen blowing promotes to increase the calorific value of the producer gas, to reduce the time of the process and the gasifier sizes, which leads to improvement of conditions and intensification of the process.

The article refers to the problems of operating the earth in difficult conditions. Railways in difficult conditions, especially in areas of permafrost and deep seasonal freezing of soils, need constant supervision over the operational performance of the track superstructure in plan and profile, as well as the state of the subgrade from the adverse and destructive leverage of external factors of a natural and technogenic nature. Sections of the roadbed, being deformed for long periods of time, require significant operating costs and capital investments to ensure the stability of these sections.

The Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) of the Russian Federation (RF) includes 11 constituent entities with a total area of 555.3 million hectares, which is 48.5% of all forest lands in the country. Stock of wood forest plantations in the Far Eastern Federal District are 31% of the total stock of the Russian Federation, and ripe and over maturity stands prevail here. Most of the forests of the Far Eastern Federal District are boreal forests, which are known to be the regulator of the planet's climate. The process of intensive development of natural forests in this area can lead to the release of large amounts of carbon. The unique biogeography of the region has led to a combination of unique species of flora and fauna in a single ecosystem, and, unfortunately, most of the commercial forests are concentrated in the same area. Exhausting forest management practices reduce the many interrelated protective and ecological functions of forests of local, regional and global importance. The implementation of the state policy in the field of forestry in this area is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Forestry for the Far Eastern Federal District. The current state of forestry and plans for its management are reflected in the reports of the official statistics of the department. First of all, at the state level, it is recognized that there are no relevant forest inventory materials on a part of the territory. The indicator of the availability of a stock of seeds for reforestation purposes has been fulfilled by 51.5% of the plan; the shortage of seeds of small-coniferous species is of concern. Extinguishing forest fires takes place in a controlled area, here the burning rate continues to remain last year, and the area covered by the fires increases in area. Forest fires are not extinguished in uncontrolled areas. An important problem in the region is crimes committed in the field of violations of forest legislation, namely, illegal logging of forest plantations is of an organizational nature. With all the natural uniqueness of the territory under consideration, economic activity here is fraught with a number of difficulties, which it is not possible for the executive authorities to solve on their own. Special attention should be paid to forestry in the Far Eastern Federal District.

The high risk of technogenic accidents involving caving technologies due to the variability of the state of rock mass determines the parameters of variability taking into account geotechnical risks based on the knowledge of the rock mass obtained through continuous monitoring. The assessment of geotechnical risks in mining taking into account the increasing reliability of design data input obtained through mining exploration, additional research, and monitoring results can help promptly respond to possible dangers and their consequences. The suggested geotechnical risk assessment criterion helps determine the level of danger at every stage of block caving implementation and promptly develop actions to prevent these risks and reduce their dependency on the external and internal environment factors.

Crisis events in the economy of the first half of the 21st century are considered as a manifestation of their inevitable cyclicality based on the correlation analysis of statistics of anomalous natural and climatic phenomena. Using spectral analysis methods, the rhythm of these events in the past was investigated, and simultaneously with the use of a specially developed neural model, their cyclical manifestation is predicted for the coming period - until 2049. It is shown that the cyclical nature of natural and climatic phenomena can be considered as one of the economy's macroeconomic indicators when conducting long-term forecasting of its dynamics.

The paper presents the results of a study of certain aspects in improving the efficiency of the Russian forest industry. The purpose of the work was, in addition to identifying these factors, to consider a model for improving the efficiency of the functioning of individual timber enterprises, which has a certain system of restrictions. In the course of the study, the key role of added value in the price of products of forest industry enterprises in increasing efficiency (profitability) both individual goods and the entire timber industry. The general dynamics of the development of enterprises in the industry and the production of the most important types of products is shown. The significant role of the logging industry in the efficiency of the entire timber industry of the country is revealed, and the factors of this influence are shown. One of them is the fluctuation of prices for round timber during the year, the principal model of which is also presented in the work. The study is based on statistical information for the period 2015-2019. and it is based on the results previously obtained by the authors of this work and the scientific research of the country's leading scientists in the field of the economy of the forest industry. The resulting system of restrictions to improve the efficiency of LPC enterprises can be used in other industries that use natural resources.

The article considers an algorithm for estimating the moments of correction of the list of controlled and measured parameters, selecting control points and correcting an individual model of a geotechnical object. As a criterion for correcting the list of parameters, it is proposed to use the moments when the values of the controlled parameters approach the critical zone. The choice of parameters for measurement is carried out on the basis of optimization of the ratio of the cost of monitoring to possible damage. The definition of key control zones is carried out according to the criterion of sensitivity of monitoring zones to changes in external parameters. The practical verification was carried out on the data of geotechnical monitoring of a three-storey building in which destructive processes were recorded.

The aim of this study is the detailed assessment of the impact of a solid municipal waste landfill on its adjacent land. The contents of heavy metals and some major components in soils at the SMW landfill boundary and in the sanitary protection zone were determined by potentiometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was established that the actual concentration values in soil are significantly higher than the standard limits.

For natural gas pumping via main gas line gas compressor units are used. During the gas compressor units' operation, there are natural gas consumption as a fuel and for technological needs. To prevent the escape of gas from the internal cavity of the centrifugal compressor N-370-18-1 into machine room, the design considers a hydraulic seal "oil-gas". The feature of centrifugal compressor with hydraulic seal "oil-gas" is the discharge of gas from the degassing chamber through a candle into the atmosphere. Rational use of wasted gas make it possible to gain a benefit by saving raw and reducing environmental charges. The gas discharged into the atmosphere is proposed to be used in the fuel gas system of the unit. This requires to bring gas parameters in particular pressure and temperature, to the required ones. The kinetic energy of the low-pressure (passive) gas directed from the gas separator to the candle can be increased by direct contact (mixing) with the high-pressure (active gas) flow in the gas-jet ejector. The complexity of the mathematical description of all processes occurring in ejectors with a three-dimensional flow, and the high cost of conducting experiments with gases other than air, make it cost-effective to use CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) modeling methods to study the processes of gas flow in ejectors. The article presents the gas flow modeling results of the gas flow in an ejector by the ANSYS Fluent software package.

In conditions of reduced freshwater reserves, the problem of its extraction of transportation and storage requires scientific justification of the relevant technical and technological solutions and the development of technical means. The article offers a mobile drinking water module. The design of the module provides for its placement in a thermally insulated container including a system of heating, power supply, distribution, filling and disinfection of water. For the development of the drinking water module, modern technical solutions are used to reduce the heat loss of the tank due to the use of a composite material and a cable of electric heater system. Reduction of microorganism propagation activity in water is provided by ultraviolet treatment and disinfection through ultraviolet gate. The design of the container is designed taking into account the possibility of its transportation in all modes of transport as a separate cargo unit. With the device of belts for loading and unloading. For loading into cars without the use of crane equipment, extendable outriggers are installed in the container, which can be used to install the container on water distribution sites. Mobility of the drinking module is ensured by the inclusion of a diesel generator unit in its composition. The tank of the module is made of stainless steel ensuring the safety of water without the formation of harmful impurities in it, and the coating of the tank with a composite material creates the effect of a thermos. The function of filling and distributing water from the tank is implemented using a distribution column with a vortex pump of a system of shut-off valves and hoses for supplying water. Experimental studies of mobile module operation have been performed. It was established that in order to maintain the water temperature in the tank at 10 ° C at an ambient temperature of minus 30 ° C, the heating system should not be switched on. The innovative design of the heat insulated layer reduces the thermal conductivity of similar water storage tanks made of traditional materials by 4 times. The proposed design of the mobile drinking module provides the possibility of creating clean water reserves for catering and household supplies.

To improve the efficiency of the main petroleum pipeline operation and planning of operating modes when using the method of changing the rotor speed, it is necessary to carefully evaluate and predict the efficiency of pumps depending on the rotor speed. Therefore, experimental research of the dependence of efficiency on the rotor speed is needed. Various modes were considered: from the current frequency of 50 Hz to 25 Hz. The results of the study show us that with a decrease of the rotor speed, there is also a decrease in efficiency, which is opposed to the theory of similarity. The obtained results indicate that during the operation and planning of work, it is necessary to take into account the efficiency of the pumps for the correct forecasting of energy costs.

A comparative assessment of the known solutions of the Pekeris boundary problem is carried out. A detailed analysis of the generalized solution, which is constructed in a non-self-adjoint model formulation, is carried out. One of the features of the generalized solution is the presence of the vortex component of the intensity vector, the level of which increases with decreasing frequency. The vortex component is recorded in the channels of the vector receiver during an experiment with a noisy object.

The article tells about the collection of fossil mineralized wood kept in the Museum of Karst and Speleology of the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was formed from 2004 to 2020. The collection includes specimens of mineralized woods from eleven localities (five of them are located in the Perm Krai) belonging to four geological systems - Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Paleogene. Despite the small volume (35 storage units), our collection is quite representative both geographically and chronologically.

The purpose of the research is to determine the most relevant way to improve the energy efficiency of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipment system from large-capacity storage facilities. The analysis of existing LNG shipment systems from storage tanks is carried out to identify critical (emergency) elements of the system that are subject to modernization, and possible options for upgrading structural elements. The work of the LNG shipment system from storage tanks is analysed, the main characteristics of the system are described. Based on the study, a method for improving the energy efficiency of the shipment system was determined – modernization of the design of the LNG submersible pump (LNGSP). The main types of submersible pumps for LNG, as well as types of drives, were studied in order to choose the most optimal option for upgrading CNG shipping systems. The replacement of the electric drive with a hydraulic turbine as part of the LNGSP was chosen as an upgrade. The possible modes of operation of the pumping unit after modernization are analysed. A mathematical description of the main operating modes has been compiled. In the future, it is necessary to calculate the hydraulic turbine in order to determine its geometric parameters.

The paper shows the relevance of the mechanical properties control of the metal of pipes and welded joints when estimating the safety of pipelines based on the results of periodic inspections. Old pipelines remain in operation in the system, but the issues of aging and degradation of the metal of the pipe and there welded joints remain without proper attention. By aging of a metal, the authors mean a gradual transition to a more stable energy state. How quickly change occurs depends on many factors. Thus, the very mode of operation of the main oil and gas pipelines contributes to the aging of the pipe metal. In addition to strain aging, there are other mechanisms for changing the mechanical properties of pipelines, for example, stress corrosion. Currently, half of all destruction on main gas pipelines occurs due to stress corrosion, the article shows the mechanism of stress corrosion. The paper contains an analysis of the aging and degradation mechanisms of pipe metal. Moreover, not only directions of development of metal control methods are shown but also have taken close look into aging and degradation during the long-term operation of pipelines.

In this article are examined possible risks for the preservation of the natural environment of the Altai Republic in the process of industrial development of the region. It is demonstrated, that industry in the Soviet period, including mining, did not have a significant impact on the natural environment. In the 1990s, in the context of the socio-economic crisis, many enterprises ceased their activities. At present, few industrial enterprises, which in terms of production volumes are small and less often medium-sized enterprises, have a local impact on the environment of the region. In the post-Soviet period, in the conditions of democracy and transparency, some projects being implemented and proposed for implementation provoke protests from local residents, including indigenous people. The implementation of some large investment projects in the field of recreational and tourist activities may have an impact on the natural environment of the region and create conflict situations with the local population.

Based on a mathematical model of acoustic signal propagation in an oscillating medium, an inverse problem is formulated, including the definition of a function describing the deviation of the seabed level from the average given horizontal plane. Solution in the approximation of double scattering from the seabed and by volume in the case of a narrow radiation pattern of the receiving antenna is obtained.

One of the ways to solve the problem of technogenic pollution is to implement biotechnologies for agricultural lands. The study aims to assess the efficiency of microbiological preparations in the cultivation of potatoes near metallurgical plants in the south of Eastern Siberia. The research was conducted in 2015-2016 on three plots located near Shelekhov aluminum production plant. The Japanese preparation EM and the Russian microbial preparations Baikal EM1 and Fitosporin-M were used. The effect of biological products on plant protection from fungal diseases was observed only in 2015. The two-year application of Fitosporin-M increased the potato yield (by 13-22%) on cultivated alkaline soils; on weakly acidic soils, an increase in the yield (by 26%) was observed only in 2016. When applying EM preparations, a stable increase in the yield (14-22%) was observed on weakly acidic soils; on alkaline soils, an increase in the yield was observed in less than 50% of cases. In general, the stable yield enhancement was observed when applying Fitosporin-M on the alkaline soils. The effectiveness of the EM preparations depended on the agrophone and weather conditions.

Planning maintenance activities on tractors can be improved and become more effective when using a mathematical apparatus for modelling the processes of the operation and maintenance of machines and tractors using homogeneous Markov chains. For this purpose, it is necessary to switch from the traditional methods for determining the indicators of their technical state to dynamic methods based on the theory of random processes. The most promising method is the use of homogeneous Markov chains. Based on the accumulated statistical data, it is possible to determine the probabilities of transition from one technical state to another. The values of the transition probabilities are used to construct a probability matrix describing a simple Markov chain. For tractors, taking into account the approaching of their limit state, which is characterized by the full depletion of resources, an absorbing Markov chain is best suited. The algorithms for the decomposition and study of the properties of reducible absorbing Markov chains, which allow obtaining useful information for an efficient operation, maintenance and repair of tractors and complex agricultural machinery, are presented.

Developing multi-purpose AUV with through-body thrusters capable of undertaking both survey-style missions and low-speed interaction requires sophisticated thruster allocation algorithms. The paper presents the adaptive optimal allocation method. This method allows a smooth transition between different motion styles by exponentially decreasing through-body thrusters' involvement according to their hydrodynamic model. The proposed method is compared with the prioritized direct allocation method. The simulation result of the control allocation for the AUV "MMT-300" propulsion system model is provided.

Features of vibration diagnostics and causes of vibration of vertical booster pump units are considered in the work. On the basis of experimental data and mathematical modeling, the excitation and natural frequencies of vibration characteristic of the pump unit NPV 3600-90-M are determined. It was established that the reverse frequency of the upgraded pump unit in the present case is resonant with its own frequency of the engine-supporting structure system, which is an above-ground part of the equipment under consideration. Taking into account unacceptable limits of ratio of natural and exciting frequencies, optimal range of natural frequency of above-ground part of pump unit is determined.

The paper solves the problem of predicting the emergency states of gas pipelines in cases where the initial parameters of the pipeline are not fully known a priori and can change during operation. The coefficient of heat transfer from gas to the external medium and the coefficient of internal viscous friction of hydraulic resistance are considered as such parameters. The theoretical calculation of these coefficients with sufficient accuracy for practice is very difficult due to the significant uncertainty of the actual conditions of heat transfer along the route and the current state of the pipeline. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of a steady gas flow in a pipeline is proposed, which is based on the assumptions about the polytrophic nature of the gas, as well as the non-isentropic and nonadiabatic nature of its flow. Together with the model, a method for identifying undefined coefficients has been developed. The problem of building the corresponding computational procedures with unknown boundary conditions is solved. An analysis of emergency states of a gas pipeline for cases of complete rupture and partial destruction of its wall was carried out by means of numerical modeling. Examples of using the developed model for predicting emergency states of gas pipelines are given.

The article discusses hydroacoustic receiving systems, consisting of combined receivers, and the processing of the received hydroacoustic signals. Each module of the sonar system has four channels for receiving information. Spectral processing was carried out using sixteen information parameters, which made it possible to achieve the maximum noise immunity of the receiving system. Correlation processing of signals confirmed the high correlation of signals on the elements of the receiving hydroacoustic system.

The paper presents an approach for obtaining prior and posterior assessments of probabilities of various failure scenarios and risks at hazardous industrial facilities. The approach is based on the toolkit of Bayesian nets and allows accounting for new information that is obtained at the stage of the facility operation from monitoring systems and technical inspections. The presented approach can be used for developing risk-based inspection planning and risk-based management programs for hazardous industrial facilities.

The food program of the Russian Federation contributed to the widespread launch of poultry enterprises, due to which at the present stage the food market is fully provided with poultry products of Russian manufacturers. But, there have been and remain problems with the processing of poultry manure, as a result of which poultry enterprises incur losses in the form of fines for unauthorized storage of poultry waste on land plots not intended for this. Besides the economic threat, chicken droppings are also an environmental threat. The authors of the article formulated the primary measures to solve the listed problems. The principal distinctive feature of the work is the investigated schemes of utilization and processing of organic waste according to the experience of foreign and domestic practitioners. These iterations make it possible to explain the choice of a management decision by the management of the poultry farm in response to the corresponding challenge of the external environment: low value of added value in the production of main types of products; fines for unauthorized storage of waste; reputational local risks of the company associated with production factors of impact on the environment and others. Among such measures, the authors include recycling of poultry waste (chicken droppings) with justification of options for processing and disposal of waste. The alternative approach allows timely flexible response to emerging challenges of the internal and external environment and deterioration of key indicators of business activity of an enterprise - a taxpayer in the region.

A systematic study of compliance with the planning standards of the construction and architectural component of the design of fire protection regulation according to the basic indicators that ensure fire resistance and fire safety of the building has been carried out. Detailed audit was conducted to verify evacuation routes and passages at the facility to the fire protection regulations. A detailed audit on the verification of protective barriers against smoke to the fire protection regulations has been implemented. Verification studies are implemented on a specific object. The required degree of fire resistance of the objects of various functionality has been fixed. The survey of compliance of building structures, evacuation routes and passageways, smoke barriers with regulations and guarantees of fire protection have been presented. It is established that the required degree of fire resistance of a multifunctional shopping and office center depends on the height of the building and the maximum floor area of all its parts of various functional fire hazards. During the compliance check of the multifunctional shopping and office center, violations of the requirements of norms and rules on fire safety were revealed.

The Nepa-Botuoba anteclise is one of the unique territories within the ancient Siberian platform. At present, after more than half a century of oil and gas exploration, the territory of the Nepa-Botuoba petroleum area under consideration, with a comparative assessment of the oil and gas potential of the sedimentary cover of the Lena-Tunguska petroleum province, which covers the predominant part of the Siberian platform, is unambiguously distinguished as one of the petroleum region richest in hydrocarbons raw materials. This article examines the neotectonics of the territory of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise, provides information on the structure of the sedimentary cover. A brief description of the methodological approach is given, aimed at optimizing the methodology of oil and gas exploration in the conditions of the study area.

AUV's actuators systems are highly affected by external conditions such as incoming flow velocity. The paper aims to estimation of incoming flow velocity based on quasi-steady model of thruster. The work motivation is compensation of incoming flow effect on AUV's actuators dynamic model for improving actuator control or a velocity estimation in case of velocity sensors absence. The equation for incoming flow velocity estimation is presented. It accounts orientation of thrusters relative to the longitudinal vehicle axis. Thruster parameters identification procedure based on bollard pull tests and marine trials are presented. Comparative results of propulsion-based velocity estimation with DVL data are discussed. Velocity estimation error between methods is less than 0.1 m/s in steady motion and less than 0.2 m/s in transition process.

The results of aerospace, seismic and geochemical studies along with monitoring of the Earth degassing at the geophysical laboratories in the region of research are considered. They allow making a conclusion that the hydrocarbons are self-developing and renewable resources. Abundant seepages of oil and gas, dynamics and the mode of natural discharge of the hydrocarbons in the territory of the Caspian and Black Sea Region (CBSR) and in the waters of the Caspian Sea and Black Sea evidence for availability in their depths of the hydrocarbon systems, within which current active fluid dynamic processes providing for the self-development of the hydrocarbon resources and reserves are occurring. Self-development of the hydrocarbons is correlated with the periods of activation of the present-day geodynamic processes accompanied by the solar activity, solar and lunar tides, earthquakes, mud volcanism, sea level fluctuations, and correspondent variations of the electromagnetic fields as well as by the spatial and temporal variations of the gravitational field of the Earth. Therefore, a formed in a natural way continuous "natural process line" engaged in transformation of the subsoil matter into the energetic and chemical raw material is functioning in the territory of the geodynamically active regions, and the oil and gas deposits are generated as the product of functioning of the above line.

This paper discusses the possibility of utilization of exhaust (flue) gases by injecting them into the reservoir. Currently, injection of flue gases into the reservoir is not a widely used method for increasing oil production compared to CO₂ or N₂ injection. Most of technologies for injecting water-gas mixture using flue gas as a gas provide for water-alternating-gas injection. Only a few studies discuss simultaneous water-alternating-gas injection using flue gases. Moreover, there are few studies on creating a mixture of water and exhaust gases for co-injection by means of pump-ejecting systems into the reservoir. Therefore, in this work we propose a new improved diagram of the laboratory bench using exhaust (flue) gases to create a water and gas mixture for flue gas-simultaneous water and gas injection by means of pump-ejecting system.

The article considers one of the aspects of anthropogenic impact on river ecosystems – the accumulation of pollutants in bottom sediments. The authors analyze the state of small rivers, the study of which is not given enough attention, while their importance for maintaining the ecological well-being of local territories and the formation of their biological diversity can hardly be overestimated. The bottom sediments of two rivers (according to V.L. Rokhmistrov's classification - the smallest and small) are being investigated for the content of heavy metal ions; the granulometric composition of sediments and the content of organic matter in them are also determined. The results of the study indicate the presence of some regularities in the distribution of certain metals in bottom sediments of the river core, heavy pollution of sediments with mobile forms of heavy metals and their possible impact on the ecological state of its own drainage basin and the state of the large river fed by them.

The development strategy for the fisheries industry in Russia up to 2030 stipulates a number of projects aiming to fill the national market with quality fish products and ensure the sustainable development of fishery companies in the key fishing regions. Every project has target indicators, a set of actions to achieve the strategic goals and the expected results. Besides, projects are vulnerable to some risks that prevent the achievement of the desired goals. Thus, the assessment of plausible risks and implementation barriers for strategic actions allows for the early-stage forecasting of the situation development, adjusting strategy implementation, and minimizing the deviation from target indicator values. This article presents the discussion of the results of the preliminary analysis of risks affecting the implementation and goal achievement of the Development Strategy for the Fisheries Industry in Russia up to 2030 in the Far Eastern Federal District as one of the key fish producers. To analyze the risks, we used the expert risk assessment method that helped identify the key risks in the fisheries industry development projects.

This article considers the formation conditions of nonmetallic and ore minerals in limnogenic structures. Lakes naturally enrich a wide range of useful components – silicate, carbonate, water-soluble substances, ores, and organominerals. The most significant resources of modern lakes, apart from water, include sapropels, diatomites, lime, and mineral salts. Deposits of sand, clay, oil shale, oil and gas, coal, phosphorites, zeolites, evaporites, bauxites, ferromanganese, copper ores, placer minerals, and some rare and dispersed elements are associated with limnogenic complexes of different ages. The authors show that a greater variety of minerals of ancient lacustrine complexes compared to modern ones is associated both with variations of lacustrine lithogenesis in the past and with post-sedimentation transformations of sedimentary matter. A particular note is taken about the epigenetic enrichment of ancient lacustrine complexes with ore components. Hydrocarbons and diatomites of lacustrine genesis are of a higher quality compared to similar minerals of marine genesis. The evolutionary changes in the processes of accumulation of limnogenic minerals have affected biogenic and chemogenic components to a large extent. An example of this is the progressive accumulation of caustobiolites and the sulfate evolution of evaporites in lacustrine structures during the Phanerozoic age. An analysis of the genetic characteristics of lacustrine minerals makes it possible to develop new exploratory traits of some sedimentary deposits.

A complex analysis of the security situation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation shows the limited independent capabilities of the EMERCOM of Russia in solving the problems of search and rescue at sea area across the entire width of territorial waters. An effective method for organizing search and rescue at sea in the Arctic can be interagency and intergovernmental cooperation based on the Agreement on Cooperation in Aviation and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic and the Polar Code. In order to increase the efficiency of the tasks being solved, it is proposed to strengthen the coordinating role of the control bodies of functional and territorial subsystems in their search and rescue activities in internal waters and the territorial sea. The authors proposed a solution consisting of the integration of information resources of information and coordination centers in Murmansk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with the information capabilities of the functional subsystems of the EMERCOM of Russia and equipping Arctic complex emergency rescue centers with ice-class ships.

Main factors that can negatively affect the operation of wastewater treatment plant for dairy production were identified. The main negative factors are: low automation of the process, high concentrations of chemical reagents that have a detrimental effect on the biological treatment stage, temporary fluctuations in pH values, insufficient amount of dissolved oxygen at the biological treatment stage. One of the main operation problems of local dairy wastewater treatment plant is a fluctuation of pH value over a wide range, especially at treatment plants of small enterprises. Biological treatment methods were considered as one of the most suitable technologies for the removal of organic substances from dairy wastewater. It was concluded that there are quite stringent conditions for each treatment stage. The pH range is almost neutral and fluctuate within 6-8.5. The average temperature of wastewater should be 20-30°C for optimal biochemical reactions. The concentration of dissolved oxygen plays an overriding concern for biological treatment stage, since good operation of processes of nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal are based on this indicator and will not proceed in case of deviations from the normal.

Schemes of Zmeinogorsk ore field structure made in 1996, 1960 and 1949 have been analyzed. The schemes differ from each other in contents and prospecting trends. This study is based on the 1949 scheme, made on the basis of the results of extensive mining and drilling operations. Based on the analysis of stratigraphy, LA-Q-ICP-MS dating results by U-Pb method, rocks composition, plicative and disjunctive dislocations of sedimentary, volcanic and subvolcanic formations, as well as their relationship, an updated scheme of Zmeinogorsk ore field structure is suggested. It belongs to rhyolite dome-type, which is also charactered to the neighboring Leninogorsk ore district.

Engineering and technical solutions to ensure fire safety of the building and protection of people by deterministic factors have been installed. The object of research is a building of public social purpose. Constructive and planning solutions for preventing the spread of fire in the building of an object of class K0 for fire danger are diagnosed. The enclosing structures of the room must have a fire resistance index of at least REI 150. Technical solutions for evacuation routes and passageways, equipment that guarantees reliable protection from fires, communication in the building, ensuring procedures that implement the effective functioning of the fire Department to eliminate the source of fire have been formulated. Technical solutions for fire protection and communication systems of the building are justified in detail. Compensating measures are recommended for public buildings with an excess of the standard height and in the presence of six underground floors. It is specifically recommended to increase the fire resistance limits of load-bearing structures, stiffness cores – stair and elevator nodes and fire barriers to R/REI 180 and to provide the building with a type 5 warning system.

Basic spatial and temporal regularities for development of the processes of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon fluids in the eastern part of the Scythian platform are determined and particularities of the generation and accumulation hydrocarbon systems in the northern platform boundary – Karpinsky ridge-Mangyshlak and Eastern Ciscaucasia oil and gas producing rocks are studied on the basis of application of the techniques for basin analysis and modeling of the hydrocarbon systems. The results of studying and modeling of the hydrocarbon systems prove that five hydrocarbon systems– Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleocene-Eocene and Oligocene-Miocene generation and accumulation hydrocarbon systems (GAHS) – can be defined within the sedimentary mantle of the eastern part of the Scythian platform. Two-dimensional models based on the regional seismic profile crossing the tectonic elements in the eastern part of the Scythian platform were created using the Temis Suite software package. Main directions for further performance of prospecting and appraisal works in the eastern part of the Scythian platform were determined on the basis of the performed investigations and modeling of GAHS. Differentiation of the investigated area is performed in terms of the type of predicted oil-and-gas content, age of the promising oil and gas complexes and their confinedness to the tectonic structures and zones.

Fire protection of closed car parks, where it is possible to have a massive stay of people, is the most important and most crucial task when designing such facilities. The efficiency and effectiveness of smoke ventilation systems is achieved through compliance with design rules and numerical simulation of air distribution. The most reliable method is an experimental check of the efficiency of smoke ventilation. It is not possible to reproduce a real fire in the conditions of an object without damaging the structures of a building or a facility; therefore, tests are carried out with reduced, safe fire parameters. Based on the similarity theory, the article discusses the methodology for scaling test fire parameters and smoke ventilation parameters, which allows obtaining results relevant to the design fire parameters. In this case, the positive test results with lower parameters of the test fire confirm the design limits of the smoke distribution and the possibility of evacuating people from the car park in case of a fire having design parameters. An alternative to these scaling methods can only be the prediction of design test parameters and conditions based on the same calculation method, as well as the case when the prediction of the test results is confirmed by observations.

Study of the anatomical and morphological features of the photosynthetic apparatus of Tilia cordata Mill. showed that the volume of leaf mesophyll cells in an urbanized environment is higher than in natural plantings. The cells of the palisade mesophyll of the leaf have a greater variability of this indicator during the growing season as compared to the cells of the spongy mesophyll. Positive correlations of the indicator of the volume of cells of the palisade mesophyll with the indicator of the air pollution index, the content of phenol, formaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene and negative correlations with the content of nitrogen dioxide were noted. The indicator of the volume of cells of the leaf spongy mesophyll positively correlates only with the indicator of the atmospheric pollution index and the content of formaldehyde.

The assessment of the current conditions of any technical object is based on measurement. Thus, choosing the qualitative descriptor of the object that is to be assessed represents a relatively complex task. This is related both to the informative value of the qualitative descriptor and to the need for applying one or another measurement technique. There are three different ways to deal with the designated task. One possibility is to fix the required level of informative value and choose the measurement technique based on criteria such as the least money expenses for measuring, the shortest measurement duration and the specialization level of the measurement instruments. The second option is to choose specific measurement techniques and obtain the most complete information possible. The third possibility consists in a compromise between the information content of the descriptor and the overall expenses for measurement techniques. By convention, the first option is applied while facing this task, in which the information on the technical conditions of the object is obtained choosing adequate measurement techniques. Determining the value of the structural parameter of the technical conditions is not always possible. The diagnostic parameter, in its turn, is determined by the structural parameters only at a certain level of probability. The producers of machinery are constantly improving their products, upgrading the design of mating parts, changing the properties of wearing surfaces and introducing new materials. As a result, the aforementioned interrelations between the structural and diagnostic parameters are significantly redetermined, whereas the previously engineered diagnostic devices and the implemented methods lead to the ambiguity of the diagnostics. The areas of such ambiguity are here taken into account using a compression vacuum method in order to determine the technical conditions of the sleeve assembly of an internal combustion engine.

The article analyzes the negative impact of the regional fuel and energy system (RFES) on the environment of the Voronezh region. It is proposed to improve the monitoring system, taking into account the basic geoecological principles of an integrated approach, the stages of the study, with the definition of regional features, which are based on the assessment of socio-ecological and economic conditions and the efficiency of using information. When placing objects of the regional fuel and energy system, it is necessary to take into account the landscape features of the region. The analysis proved the need for a unified geoecological management system of the regional fuel and energy system. It will strengthen the regime of energy saving, reduce the degree of negative impact and improve technological processes, it will also reduce environmental risks to public health. Comprehensive geoecological monitoring will allow predicting the geoecological situation in the region. The historically developed spatial regional fuel and energy system of the Voronezh Region has a number of disadvantages, so there is the need to modernize equipment and the regulation system.

The article contains results of research of using neural networks to determine the leafy lettuce's stages of growth. Lettuce has been grown using hydroponic facility. It was found that neural networks can determine certain stages of growth with high precision.

This paper is devoted to determining the main technological parameters of pump-ejecting systems for exhaust (flue) gases utilization. The possibility of using exhaust gases from electric generating gas turbines and gas piston units built near oil fields is considered. We calculate pressure distribution in water supply lines and injection wells during water-gas mixture injection, determine the values of the required pressure at the outlet of the pump and ejector systems and the main characteristics of pump-ejecting systems, and select multistage electric centrifugal pumps and liquid-gas ejectors.

The paper considers the problem of providing for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) group navigation using an acoustic long-base line (LBL) differential-ranging (DR) positioning system. An algorithm is presented that solving the navigation problem of the DR acoustic positioning system (APS), based on the use of a particle filter (PF). The simulation results are presented using the developed algorithm, proving its effectiveness and capacity for operation.

Technogenic waste from non-ferrous metal mines can be a potential raw material for precious metals. The work carried out research on the material composition of overburden and enclosing rock dumps of such mines - Levikhinsky (Middle Urals). The contents of non-ferrous metals (Cu, Zn), gold and silver were determined on an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma, the mineral composition was determined on an X-ray diffractometer, and ore minerals were examined under a scanning electron microscope. High gold and silver contents were established, comparable to ore content (0.5-3.5 g/t and 2.7-33 g/t, respectively). Gold is mainly found in a microdispersed form, there are single grains up to 4 mm in size. Silver is found in the form of impurities and small precipitates in sulfides. The contents of copper and zinc are quite low (0.01-0.16 wt% and 0.01-0.035 wt%, respectively), which are concentrated in chalcopyrite and sphalerite. With gravity concentration, it was possible to obtain concentrates with a copper content of up to 0.5 wt%, gold up to 46 g/t and silver up to 621 g/t. The data indicate that the use of dumps is promising as a raw material for precious metals and copper.

We assessed the prospects of lentil cultivation in the Russian Federation and the most favorable regions for this. The following tasks were set: we assessed the importance of lentils in the country's economy, identified promising regions for growing lentils, taking into account agronomic and economic conditions. When analyzing suitable regions for lentil cultivation, not only the agrotechnical conditions of cultivation were taken into account, but also economic factors, for example, the proximity and volume of sales markets, including exports. The selection of promising regions for growing lentils was made on the basis of its agrobiological properties, existing cultivation volumes and agro-climatic conditions of the regions of the Russian Federation. The impact of global climate change and the dynamics of lentil cultivation volumes in recent years were taken into account. Canada, as one of the world leaders in growing lentils, is located at the same latitude with the regions of the Saratov and Volgograd regions. In Russia, the Saratov and Volgograd regions are in good soil and climatic conditions for growing lentils. The high gross harvest was the result of an increase in the acreage under lentils, the value of which in 2019 amounted to 274 thousand hectares, which is 3 thousand hectares more than last year. The production of lentils is going on with a noticeable increase, which is due to the significant orientation of the cultivation of this crop for export. According to the AB-center, in 2015, export deliveries of lentils amounted to 7.4 thousand tons; in 2016-17.2; in 2017-64.6 thousand tons, 2018-77.9 thousand tons; 2019 – 79.8 thousand tons. In the course of research, it was found out that lentils play an important role in the national economy of the country. It is determined that the regions of the Saratov and Volgograd regions are the most promising for expanding lentil production both in terms of agro-climatic conditions and economic potential.

The present paper researches the matter of human impact on atmosphere that is currently the focus object of specialists and environment researchers all over the World. And it is not a coincidence as the most significant environmental problems of today - the "greenhouse effect", ozone layer depletion, acid rains are in relation with the anthropogenic pollution of atmosphere. The paper also touches upon the impact of atmosphere pollution on human health and environment. There are considered various means of pollution – from direct and immediate threats (smog, etc.) to slow and gradual destruction of various organism life support systems. In many cases air pollution erodes ecosystem structural components to a degree when regulatory processes are unable to restore the initial state that causes homeostasis mechanism failure.

Automated inspection of seabed industrial equipment with the help of AUV assumes its navigational referencing to the inspection object with sub-met er accuracy. That accuracy cannot be achieved on the base of standard onboard navigation equipment. It is proposed to use the method of video recognition of feature points (FP) on the inspected equipment to solve this problem. The FPs are preliminarily determined on the models of objects and downloaded into the AUV control system in the form of three-dimensional sets (clouds). Ensuring stable high accuracy during continuous movement of AUV in inspected objects space is realized through regular updating of the coordinate referencing to the objects. The inspection procedure using this method consists of the following steps:

- the AUV mission specification (including downloading the FPs descriptions),

- launching the AUV and preliminary approach to the inspected objects,

- determining the optimal sequence for bypassing the inspected objects,

- performing the searching procedure for the next FP and navigational reference to it,

- subsequent inspection of the specified fragments of equipment.

At the same time, the logic of the mission execution provides for a dynamic change in the inspection plan in case of failure when any of the planned FP are detected. The paper presents the AUV control system algorithms that implement the described inspection scenario. The approach correctness was investigated using the mathematical modeling methods.

The paper considers the possibility of inflow and accumulation of pollutants on the Amur River floodplain as a result of floods and deposition of the flood silts (FS). Labile components of FS – water-dispersible clays (WPC) – are a good indicator of transfer and removal of nutrients and contaminants. The study was focused on FS of the floodplain islands below the confluence of the Sungari River (near Khabarovsk, Far East, Russia). It is shown that, the content of major and trace elements in FS corresponds to the average values for sedimentary rocks independently of the flood power. However, after minor flood, there was a significant accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in WDC, which is accompanied by an abnormal accumulation of As up to 70 mg/kg. After the extreme flood, the As content in WDC fell by more than three times, which is associated with the duration of standing water in the floodplain. The latter causes the dissolution and leaching of apatite group phosphates and the arsenates contained in them as impurities. The process of As accumulation in WDC of the flood silts in low-water years (at minor floods) is not critical, but requires monitoring and further research.

This article provides equation for calculating the pressure loss for a fluid and energy for a rolling ball moving in a logarithmic spiral from the action of inertial forces. Classical formulas give incorrect results when calculating coils with a changing twist radius. The calculation of the parameters of the fluid flow in the spiral bend and in the blades of the centrifugal impeller can now be determined only by numerical methods of calculation and, as such, formulas reflecting the energy losses associated with inertial forces do not yet exist. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical work, formulas were obtained that describe the energy losses of a liquid and a ball, when they move along a logarithmic spiral. For the correct derivation of formulas for a moving fluid, it was first necessary to obtain formulas for a rolling ball and a material point. The movement in a logarithmetic spiral is the basis for the movement of particles in a vortex.

The authors explore the problem of ensuring fire safety and assessing the expected risk to life in double-deck trains. Statistical data of fires on railway transport in Russia are presented, their main causes are revealed. A method for assessing expected risk to life in double-deck trains is proposed. The results of the assessment can be used in the future to justify the adoption of additional measures aimed at reducing the level of fire hazard for people in double-decker trains.