Table of contents

VIII International Scientific Conference "Issues of Physics and Technology in Science, Industry and Medicine" was held at Tomsk Polytechnic University, 1-3 June, 2016.

The Organizing Committee included representatives from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, ROSENERGOATOM Electric Power Division of ROSATOM, FSUE Mining and Chemical Combine.

The Conference brought together specialists in industry, teachers, students and young scientists conducting research in the field of Power Engineering and Nuclear Technology.

CONFERENCE SESSIONS:

1. Physical and power plants and electrophysical installations

2. Innovative materials and technologies for nuclear and 'green' energy

3. Mathematical modeling in basic and applied research

4. Physical/chemical and isotope technologies in science, industry and medicine

5. Radiation and beam-plasma technologies in science, engineering and medicine

6. Topical issues of nuclear non-proliferation, safety and ecology of the nuclear industry

7. Information technologies, automation and control systems

More than 450 papers of young and experienced researchers from Russia and abroad were submitted which covered the topics of the conference. 55 selected papers were recommended for publication in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.

We also appreciate the financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research

The Organizing Committee of Issues of Physics and Technology in Science, Industry and Medicine 2016

Dr. Potylitsyn Alexander, TPU

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The process of changing isotopic composition of the lithium and magnesium salts was studied by using the process of zone melting. It was founded in the paper that the process of separation of the lithium isotopes is more effective than for magnesium isotopes when the conditions of process were the same. The coefficients of isotopes separation were calculated and have the next value: α = 1.006 for ²⁶Mg isotope and α = 1.0022 for ⁶Li isotope.

Cerebral desaturation can occur during surgery manipulation, whereas other parameters vary insignificantly. Prolonged intervals of cerebral anoxia can cause serious damage to the nervous system. Commonly used method for measurement of cerebral blood flow uses invasive catheters. Other techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tomographic methods frequently use isotope administration, that may result in anaphylactic reactions to contrast media and associated nerve diseases. Moreover, the high cost and the need for continuous monitoring make it difficult to apply these techniques in clinical practice. Cerebral oximetry is a method for measuring oxygen saturation using infrared spectrometry. Moreover reflection pulse oximetry can detect sudden changes in sympathetic tone. For this purpose the reflectance pulse oximeter for use in neurology is developed. Reflectance oximeter has a definite advantage as it can be used to measure oxygen saturation in any part of the body. Preliminary results indicate that the device has a good resolution and high reliability. Modern applied schematics have improved device characteristics compared with existing ones.

The results of communication research between the wear resistance of the K applicability hard-alloy cutting tools and the fractal dimension of the wear surface, which is formed on a back side of the cutting edge when processing the materials showing high adhesive activity are presented in the paper. It has been established that the wear resistance of tested cutting tools samples increases according to a fractal dimension increase of their wear surface.

At present there is a variety of experimental and calculation nuclear data which are rather entirely presented in the following evaluated nuclear data libraries: ENDF (USA), JEFF (Europe), JENDL (Japan), TENDL (Russian Federation), ROSFOND (Russian Federation). Libraries of nuclear data, used for neutron-physics calculations in programs: Scale (Origen-Arp), MCNP, WIMS, MCU, and others. Nevertheless all existing nuclear data bases, including evaluated ones, contain practically no information about threshold neutron reactions on ²³²Th nuclei; available values of outputs and cross-sections significantly differ by orders. The work shows necessity of nuclear constants corrections which are used in the calculations of grids and thorium storage systems. The results of numerical experiments lattices and storage systems with thorium.

X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry were employed to study the behavior and distribution of fluorine in sulfuric acid treatment of the melt of beryl-bertrandite-phenakite-fluorite concentrates with alkali fluxes. It was established that fluorine in a solid phase is predominantly present in the form of sodium and calcium fluorosilicates and in a gaseous phase it is evolved in the form of silicon tetrafluoride and fluorosulfonic acid.

Physical protection system (PPS) is created at a nuclear object to prevent unauthorized acts regarding to nuclear materials, nuclear installations, points of storage of nuclear materials and other items under physical protection. The ability of the PPS to prevent unauthorized actions of intruder was adopted as the main criterion for evaluating the efficiency of the physical protection system. The article considers the possibility of creation of the intruder analytical model to determine time indicators of overcoming boundaries of protection of nuclear object by an intruder with set features.

Dislocation loops emitted by Frank-Reed source during crossing dislocations of the non-coplanar slip systems are accumulates jogs on the own dislocation line, resulting in the deceleration of the segments of dislocation loops with high jog density. As a result, bending around of the slowed segments the formation of dynamic dipoles in the shear zone occurs. In the present paper we consider formation mechanism of non-misoriented dislocation cell substructure during plastic deformation of f.c.c. metals and conclude that the increase in the degree heterogeneity of dislocation distribution leads to an increase in the jog density and reduce the mean value of arm dynamic dipoles.

The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with ¹⁹⁹Tl and ^99mTc-MIBI in the detection of breast, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. Materials and Methods: a total of 220 patients were included into the study. Of them, there were 120 patients with breast lesions (100 patients with breast cancer and 20 patients with benign breast tumors) and '00 patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal diseases (80 patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer and 20 patients with benign laryngeal/hypopharyngeal lesions). Results: no abnormal ¹⁹⁹Tl uptake was seen in all patients with benign breast and laryngeal lesions, indicating a 100% specificity of ¹⁹⁹Tl SPECT. In breast cancer patients, increased ¹⁹⁹Tl uptake in the breast was visualized in 94.8% patients, ^99mTc-MIBI in 93.4% patients. Increased ¹⁹⁹Tl uptake in axillary lymph nodes was detected in 60% patients and ^99mTc-MIBI in 93.1% patients. In patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer, sensitivity of SPECT with ¹⁹⁹Tl and ^99mTc-MIBI were 95%. The ¹⁹⁹Tl SPECT sensitivity in identification of regional lymph node metastases in patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer was 75% and the ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT sensitivity was 17%. Conclusion: the data obtained show that SPECT with ¹⁹⁹Tl and ^99mTc-MIBI can be used as one of the additional imaging methods in detection of tumors.

The model of multicomponent process of extraction in pulsating column is presented. Model analysis on adequacy to real apparatus was made. The received results have shown, that the presented model adequacy to the real nuclear fuel-reprocessing apparatus.

Due to the wide application of composite materials it is necessary to develop unconventional quality control techniques. One of the methods that can be used for this purpose is ultrasonic tomography. In this article an application of a robotic ultrasonic system is considered. Precise positioning of the robotic scanner and path generating are defined as ones of the most important aspects. This study proposes a non-contact calibration method of a robotic ultrasonic system. Path of the scanner requires a 3D model of controlled objects which are created in accordance with the proposed algorithm. The suggested techniques are based on implementation of structured light method.

Purpose: to study the feasibility of using the new radiopharmaceutical based on the technetium-99m-labeled gamma-alumina for identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods. The study included two groups of breast cancer patients who underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and intraoperaive gamma probe identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). To identify SLNs, the day before surgery Group I patients (n=34) were injected with radioactive 99mTc-Al₂0₃, and Group II patients (n=30) received 99mTc-labeled phytate colloid. Results. A total of 37 SLNs were detected in Group I patients. The number of identified SLNs per patient ranged from 1 to 2 (the average number of identified SLNs was 1.08). Axillary lymph nodes were the most common site of SLN localization. At 18 hours after 99mTc-Al₂0₃ injection, the percentage of its accumulation in the SLN was 7-11% (of the counts in the injection site) by SPECT and 17-31% by gamma probe detection. In Group II patients, SLNs were detected in 27 patients. At 18 hours after injection of the phytate colloid, the percentage of its accumulation in the SLN was 1.5-2% out of the counts in the injection site by SPECT and 4-7% by gamma probe. Conclusion. The new radiopharmaceutical based on the 99mTc - Al₂0₃ demonstrates high accumulation in SLNs without redistribution through the entire lymphatic basin. Sensitivity and specificity of 99mTc - Al₂0₃ were 100% for both SPECT and intraoperative gamma probe identification.

The impact of the aluminum industry wastes on the environment is established. The resource efficient method of aluminum industry fluorine-containing wastes processing, which includes wastes oxidizing roasting to remove carbon component and the interaction of fluorine- containing particles with sulfuric acid in order to produce hydrogen fluoride, is considered. The economic and environmental effect of the proposed processing method is substantiated.

The paper deals with the intensity of the model in the electrical insulation variable frequency drive controlled at different temperatures and electric fields. It is shown that aging of insulation mechanism associated with the development of corona discharges caused by transients when the frequency adjustment. Laws aging of insulation can be described from the point of view of the theory of thermal destruction of dielectrics vibrations.

The paper is devoted to issues of creation of cross-functional analytical complex for simulation of the process of operation of the security system elements. Basic objectives, a design concept and an interrelation of main elements of the complex are described. The proposed conception of the analytical complex provides an opportunity to simulate processes for evaluating the effectiveness of physical protection system of a nuclear facility. The complex uses models, that take into account features of the object, parameters of technical means and tactics of adversaries. Recommendations were made for applying of this conception for training specialists in the field of physical protection of nuclear materials.

The article shows the process of protective composite materials manufacturing. Also, the analysis of experimental results concerning the composite materials protective properties is given. The advantages of SHS method are considered in comparison with traditional materials. The uniqueness of SHS obtained products based on combination of nuclear-physical properties and parameters is presented.

The research deals with the regularities for Cu₃Ge compound formation under the low temperature treatment of a double-layer Cu/Ge system deposited on i-GaAs substrate in atomic hydrogen flow. The treatment of a Cu/Ge/i-GaAs system with layer thicknesses, respectively, of 122 and 78 nm, in atomic hydrogen with a flow rate of 10¹⁵ at.cm^-2s^-1 for a duration of 2.5-10 min at room temperature, leads to an interdiffusion of Cu and Ge and formation of a polycrystalline film containing stoichiometric phase Cu₃Ge. The film consists of vertically oriented grains of dimensions 100-150 nm and has a minimum specific resistance of 4.5 μΩ cm. Variation in the treatment duration of Cu/Ge/i-GaAs samples in atomic hydrogen affects Cu and Ge distribution profiles, the phase composition of films formed, and the specific resistance of the latter. As observed, Cu₃Ge compound synthesis at room temperature demonstrates the stimulative effects characteristic of atomic hydrogen treatment for both Cu and Ge diffusion and for the chemical reaction of Cu₃Ge compound generation. Activation of these processes can be conditioned by the energy released during recombination of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the surface of a Cu/Ge/i-GaAs sample.

The analysis of calculating the total and single electron energies of a sequence of highly charged Li - and Be - like ions in Hartree-Fock-Dirac (HFD) approximation is presented. It is ascertained an unexpected order of location of some energy levels at Z > 50 for both the ground and the excited configurations. Possible reasons of such deviations are discussed from theoretical and computational points of view

Experimental studies of X-ray diffraction from reflecting atomic planes (111) of X-cut quartz single crystal in Laue geometry influenced by the temperature gradient were carried out. It is shown that by using the temperature gradient it is possible to reflect a hard X- ray beam with photon energy near the 100 keV with high efficiency. It has been experimentally proved that the intensity of the reflected beam can be increased by more than order depending on the value of the temperature gradient.

Stainless steel pipes, used to cool a reactor plant, have a high cost, and after taking a reactor out of service they must be buried together with other radioactive waste. Therefore, the relevant problem is the rinse of pipes from contamination, followed by returning to operation.

The radionuclide composition and the activity level of the irradiated zirconium alloy E110, the radionuclide immobilization strength and the retention properties of the mixed clay barrier material with respect to the radionuclides identified in the alloy were investigated to perform the safety assessment of handling structural units of zirconium alloy used for the technological channels in uranium-graphite reactors. The irradiated zirconium alloy waste contained the following activation products: ^93mNb and the long-lived ⁹⁴Nb, ⁹³Zr radionuclides. Radionuclides of ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr, and actinides were also present in the alloy. In the course of the runs no leaching of niobium and zirconium isotopes from the E110 alloy was detected. Leach rates were observed merely for ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs present in the deposits formed on the internal surface of technological channels. The radionuclides present were effectively adsorbed by the barrier material. To ensure the localization of radionuclides in case of the radionuclide migration from the irradiated zirconium alloy into the barrier material, the sorption properties were determined of the barrier material used for creating the long-term storage point for the graphite stack from uranium-graphite reactors.

The technique of fluorite-phenacite-bertrandite ores from Russian Ermakovskoe deposit processing by ammonium bifluoride is described. To determine the temperature mode and the thermal dissociation mechanism of ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate (the product of ammonium-fluoride leaching of the ore) the TG/DTA have been carried out. By IR spectroscopy and XRD the semi-products of ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate thermal dissociation have been identified. The hygroscopic low-temperature beryllium fluoride forms higher than 380°C. The less hydroscopic form of BeF₂ have been produced at 600°C.

The results of experimental investigation of hydrogenation influence on structure changes of zirconium alloy (Zr-1%Nb) with thin nickel layer have presented in this work. Nickel layer was formed by magnetron sputter deposition. Hydrogenation was carried out at gas atmosphere at constant temperature. Different hydrogen concentrations were obtained by varying time of hydrogenation. Defect and phase structure was studied by means of X-ray diffraction, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, positron lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopies. New experimental data about the evolution of the positron annihilation parameters depending on hydrogen concentration in Zr-1Nb alloy with nickel layer was obtained.

To study the reactions between the light nuclei (dd, pd, d³He, d⁴He) with ultralow collision energies, there is a need to obtain the high-precision experimental results on the purity of the target surface saturated with the hydrogen isotopes (protium, deuterium) and on the number and composition of the accelerated particles falling on the target. To solve this problem, a method has been developed and tested for operational testing the quality of the vacuum system and the cleaning of the metal target surface saturated with deuterium. The paper also presents the measurement results for the true flow of the accelerated ions and neutrals of hydrogen (deuterium), using a multigrid electrostatic energy analyzer. The values of the ion and neutral components of the accelerated particle flow were received for the Hall ion source. The values of the secondary electron emission coefficients were determined for a number of the metal targets (Cu, Ti, Ta, Zr) in the range of the accelerated ion energies of 3-12 keV.

Fast reactors with lead coolant have several advantages over analogues. Performance can be further improved by replacement of natural composition lead with radiogenic one. Thus, two main issues need to be addressed: induced radioactivity in coolant and efficient neutron multiplication factor in the core will be changed and need to be estimated. To address these issues analysis of the scheme of the nuclear transformations in the lead heat-transfer agent in the process of radiation was carried out. Induced radioactivity of radiogenic and natural lead has been studied. It is shown that replacement of lead affects multiplication factor in a certain way. Application of radiogenic lead can significantly affect reactor operation.

The hydrogenated samples of technical titanium were investigated using the EPA method and the measurements of the thermal electromotive force for these samples saturated with a different amount of hydrogen. The structure of the hydrogenated samples was studied by the X-ray diffraction method. The results have shown that the hydrogenated titanium structure starts changing at the same time, depending on the amount of added hydrogen. The intensity of the annihilation process increases with the increase in the hydrogen concentration in a-titanium up to the values of 4% wt and does not change up to the values of 5% wt (α + δ) - titanium. At the same time, the value of the thermal electromotive force decreases in this range of values. The annihilation intensity is stabilized for the values of 5% wt, and the value of the thermal electromotive force is increased. The inflection point for the thermal electromotive force versus the hydrogen concentration corresponds to the formation of δ - hydrides. The increase in the positron lifetime starts in the concentration range of 6-8% and moves to the stable level up to the concentrations of 21-22%. In this range, there is a transition from the (α + β) to the (α + δ) phase. The lifetime of positrons and the number of defects are increased, the value of the thermal electromotive force is reduced (up to the concentration of 24%), then there is a stabilization mode for all these parameters up to the values 32% wt.

To improve hemocompatibility of cardiovascular stents the coatings based on titanium oxides and oxynitrides were used. In the present work the morphology, surface properties (wettability and surface energy), and in vitro solubility of the ternary system Ti-N-O coating were investigated. Experimentally, low dissolution rate of the coating in saline NaCl (0,9%) was confirmed. Instrumental methods of quantitative analysis (XRF, AES) revealed that the Ti-N-O coating is chemical-resistant and does not change the qualitative and quantitative composition of body fluids.

The purpose of the study was a comparative research of the possibility of using the radiopharmaceuticals ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ and ^99mTc-Nanocis for visualizing sentinel lymph nodes in the experiment. Measurement of the sizes of ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ and ^99mTc-Nanocis colloidal particles was performed in seven series of radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmacokinetics of ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ and ^99mTc-Nanocis was researched on 50 white male rats. The possibility of the use of ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ and ^99mTc-Nanocis for lymphoscintigraphy was studied in the experiments on 12 white male rats. Average dynamic diameter of the sol particle was 52-77 nm for ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ and 16.7-24.5 nm for ^99mTc-Nanocis. Radiopharmaceuticals accumulated in the inguinal lymph node - at 1 hour after administration the average uptake of ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ was 8.6% in it and the accumulation of ^99mTc-Nanocis was significantly lower - 1,8% (p <0,05). In all study point average uptake of ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ in the lymph node was significantly higher ^99mTc-Nanocis accumulation. The results dynamic scintigraphic studies in rats showed that ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ and ^99mTc-Nanocis actively accumulated into the lymphatic system. By using ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ inguinal lymph node was determined in 5 minutes after injection and clearly visualize in all the animals in the 15th minute, when the accumulation became more than 1% of the administered dose. Further observation indicated that the ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ accumulation reaches a plateau in a lymph node (average 10.5%) for 2 hour study and then its accumulation remains practically at the same level, slightly increasing to 12% at 24 hours. In the case of ^99mTc-Nanocis inguinal lymph node visualized in all animals for 15 minutes when it was accumulated on the average 1.03% of the administered dose. Plateau of ^99mTc-Nanocis accumulation in the lymph node (average 2.05%) occurred at 2 hour of the study and remained almost on the same level (in average 2.3%) to 24 hours. Thus, the experimental study of a new domestic radiopharmaceutical showed that the ^99mTc-Al₂O₃ several times actively accumulates in the lymph nodes as compared to imported analogue and its practical application will facilitate intraoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes.

In this work characteristics of hard X-ray (with energy higher than 30 keV) were investigated. In the experiment we measured spectra of X-ray reflected by a quartz monocrystal in Laue geometry under influence of the temperature gradient. The measurements were made by the spectrometer BDER-KI-11K with 300 eV resolution on the 17.74 keV spectral line of Am241 and the spectrometer XR-100CR with 270 eV resolution on the same spectral line. An existence of temperature gradient leads to increasing of the diffracted beam intensity. The intensity was measured dependently on the temperature of one of the edge of the crystal.

From law of quantum mechanics it follows that spin precession phase of unpaired electron in external magnetic field cannot be determined. It uncertainty necessary take into account in different physical and chemical processes. The expression of the rate constant of a chemical reaction based on the number of discrete spin states was obtained. The equations of chemical kinetics of plasma oxidation of carbon isotopes in the magnetic field were given.

The results of the statistical model experiments research of various load balancing algorithms in distributed computing systems are presented. Software tools were developed. These tools, which allow to create a virtual infrastructure of distributed computing system in accordance with the intended objective of the research focused on multi-agent and multithreaded data processing were developed. A diagram of the control processing of requests from the terminal devices, providing an effective dynamic horizontal scaling of computing power at peak loads, is proposed.

A radioactive γ/β tracer to explore dangerous technogenic phenomena has been proposed: the ratio of the measured flux density of β- and γ-radiations in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The time dependence analysis of the ratio of β- and γ-pulse count rate has been carried out. A significant increase of the γ/β ratio was recorded under the cyclone passing through Japan (Fukushima) to Kamchatka. The proposed γ/β tracer can be a very sensitive indicator of nonstationary processes related to hazardous natural and technogenic phenomena.

The results of simulation of the IRT-T reactor operation history from 2012 to 2014 are presented. Calculations are performed using continuous energy Monte Carlo code MCU-PTR. Comparison is made between calculation and experimental data for the critical reactor.

The application of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has entered into wide practice at diagnosis of the maxillofacial system. Computed tomography allows us to obtain information about only bone structures. Magnetic resonance imaging gives information about bone and soft tissue structures of the maxillofacial system. The sagittal and coronal projections should make for complete diagnosis of the temporomandibular joint, because the articular disc is very mobile structure. We suggest that the temporomandibular joint can influences the internal carotid artery at medial displacement of the articular disc. As a result of analysis of the literature and our own studies concluded that changes TMJ affect the internal carotid artery.

Scientific knowledge presently available in the area of monitoring the internal radiation due to nonstandard radionuclide intakes gives no way of identifying the location and nature of intakes in a reasonably accurate and expeditious manner. Both theoretical models and practical methods of personnel internal radiation screening exhibit the lack of research. To this end, the present paper deals with the experience gained by the SGChE in the monitoring of the nonstandard radionuclide penetration into internals and tissues of the personnel. It provides recommendations for the organization and implementation of such monitoring procedures, and describes the practical method for the vulnerary intake containment.

This paper is devoted to the seasonal dynamics of β- and γ-radiation field vertical profile in the surface atmospheric layer study. The findings revealed the following: a) significant seasonal variation in vertical distribution characteristics fields β- and γ-radiation; b) reduced β-radiation flux density and γ-radiation dose with increasing height is maintained in the range of spring and fall, namely, starting with snow melt and finishing its setting; c) distortion vertical profile in the winter season, an inverse relationship β-flux density and dose rate of γ-radiation from the heights above the earth's surface was registered.

Composite fiber reinforced polymers are highly promising structures. At present, they are widely used in different areas such as aeronautics and nuclear industries. There is a great number of advantages of composite structures such as design flexibility, low cost per cubic inch, resistance to corrosion, lower material costs, lighter weight and improved productivity. However, composites degradation may be caused by different mechanisms such as overload, impact, overheating, creep and fatigue. Comparing to inspection of other materials some unique consideration is required for testing and analysis. Ultrasound testing is the most common method for inspection of composite structures. Digitally Focused Array Technology is considered as novel approach which enables fast and effective quantitative automatic testing. In this study new methodology of quality assurance of composite structure components based on DFA is performed.

The conditions for the formation of nanocomposites based on the basis of lattice packings of SiO₂ nanospheres (opal matrices) with included crystallites of lead titanates (PbTiO₃ and PbTi₃O₇) in interspherical nanospacing are considered. For the formation of nanocomposites are used sample opal matrices with dimensions of single-domain regions ≥0,1 mm.³ The diameter of SiO₂ nanospheres was ∼260 nm. Obtained nanocomposites volume >2 cm³ in filling >20% of interspherical nanospacing PbTiO₃, PbTi₃O₇ crystallites were size of 16-36 nm. Using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are studied composition and structural stability when heated nanocomposites to 550°C, which allowed the identification of a local phase transition with change of the space group. The dependence of the composition of synthesized materials on the conditions of their preparation is submitted.

Increasing quantity of spent nuclear fuel that must be under national and international control requires a novel approach to safeguard techniques and equipment. One of the proposed approaches is utilize intrinsic features of casks with spent fuel. In this article an application of a phased array ultrasonic method is considered. This study describes an experimental results on ultrasonic fingerprinting of austenitic steel seam weld.

A method for mapping a two-dimensional color image of the microstructure of the material to a complex network is proposed. Each image elements is assigned to node network. A weighted combination of distance metrics - the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance - defines whether there is or not an edge between corresponding nodes. The first metric is used to calculate the spatial distance between the picture elements (pixels), the second metric takes into account the contrast between the brightness of pixels in the gray scale. On the basis of the topological properties of the constructed network the edge pixels were detected that allows us to identify the border areas in the microstructure of materials. The proposed method can be used in automated systems of materialographic analysis.

This paper is aimed to the research of the thorium purification processes at monazite refinement processes. We have investigated different solution containing thorium with different mix of rare-earth elements. It was found that the application of cation resin is well- recommended if we want to reach the highest yields of thorium purification process.

The given article considers radiation hardness of an X-ray detector used in production of non-destructive testing instruments and inspection systems. In the course of research, experiments were carried out to estimate radiation hardness of a detector based on cadmium tungstate crystal and its structural components individually. The article describes a layout of an experimental facility that was used for measurements of radiation hardness. The radiation dose dependence of the photodiode current is presented, when it is excited by a light flux of a scintillator or by an external light source. Experiments were carried out to estimate radiation hardness of two types of optical glue used in detector production; they are based on silicon rubber and epoxy. With the help of a spectrophotometer and cobalt gun, each of the glue samples was measured for a relative light transmission factor with different wavelengths, depending on the radiation dose. The obtained data are presented in a comprehensive analysis of the results. It was determined, which of the glue samples is most suitable for production of detectors working under exposure to strong radiation.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 99mTc-Al2O3- based radiopharmaceutical, a novel molecular imaging agent for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with invasive cervical cancer. The study included 23 cervical cancer patients (TlaNxMx- T2bNxMx) treated at the Tomsk Cancer Research Institute. At 18 hours before surgery, 80 MBq of the 99mTc-Al₂O₃ were injected peritumorally, followed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the pelvis and intraoperative SLN identification. Twenty-seven SLNs were detected by SPECT, and 34 SLNs were identified by intraoperative gamma probe. The total number of identified SLNs per patient ranged from 1 to 3(the mean number of SLNs was 1.4 per patient). The most common site for SLN detection was the external iliac region (57.2%), followed by the internal iliac, obturator, presacral and retrosacral regions (they amounted to 14%, respectively),and the parametrial region (1%). Sensitivity in detecting SLNs was 100% for intraoperative SLN identification and 79% for SPECT image.

The article considers the obtaining and possibility of using 5-thio-D-glucose labeled technetium-99m for the diagnosis of malignant tumors by single photon emission computed tomography. The analysis of the level of international developments of radiopharmaceuticals based on derivatives of glucose has been carried out. Also the article provides information on of using experimental batches of lyophilisate on the basis of 5-thio-D-glucose for preliminary biomedical testing on the mice.

The results of experiments on the excitation of the phenomenon of selective drift of solvated ions under the influence of an external "asymmetric" electric field to the circulating solution of calcium chloride and magnesium salts in a polar liquid dielectric - water are shown. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the influence of the field frequency and amplitude of the field strength on the excitation phenomenon, and the study of the operating characteristics of the testing apparatus - a dividing cell. The dependences of the separation efficiency of solvated cations from the frequency of the external field and the excitation threshold of the phenomenon from the field strength in the separation cell are defined.

The article deals with the synthesis of perovskite-like ceramics matrix material for immobilization of radioactive waste by SHS method. The dependence of the compaction pressure on the synthesis of the samples was established. Synthesis conditions for the matrix with the desired properties of the composition were determined that is acceptable for reliable isolation of radionuclides throughout the long-term storage of waste. The maximum amount of aluminum perovskite is observed when the initial mixture compaction pressure equal to 30 MPa and 25% wt. Nickel.

The article shows the ability of creation of neutron transmutation doping (NTD) of monocrystalline silicon technology in the reactor's channel, which has a one-side access. In the article a distribution of thermal neutron flux through the length of channel and it's radius, neutron spectrum were obtained which confirmed that horizontal experimental channel HEC-1 is suitable for NTD.

The paper shows the results of measurements of wave number of electromagnetic wave, which supports burning of high-frequency torch discharge in the mixture of air with water vapor and carbon dioxide. The nonmonotonic dependence of attenuation factor of electromagnetic waves is set on a concentration of water vapor. It is shown that the attenuation degree of electromagnetic field in the plasma with water vapor significantly exceeds the attenuation degree of electromagnetic field in the plasma with carbon dioxide.

Various types of high-current nanosecond accelerators are simulated numerically using an equivalent circuit representation. The influence of pulse forming line switch inductance on the amplitude and waveform of output voltage and current pulses is analyzed.

Methodological approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of physical protection systems developed by Russian and foreign researchers are reviewed. Some ways of improvement of these approaches are offered. They consider tactics overview, application of two-person rule, aspects of inherent safety of nuclear materials, proposals on the use of test reliability data.

Practically, all modeling processes in one way or another are random. The foremost formulated theoretical foundation embraces Markov processes, being represented in different forms. Markov processes are characterized as a random process that undergoes transitions from one state to another on a state space, whereas the probability distribution of the next state depends only on the current state and not on the sequence of events that preceded it. In the Markov processes the proposition (model) of the future by no means changes in the event of the expansion and/or strong information progression relative to preceding time. Basically, modeling physical fields involves process changing in time, i.e. non-stationay processes. In this case, the application of Laplace transformation provides unjustified description complications. Transition to other possibilities results in explicit simplification. The method of imaging vectors renders constructive mathematical models and necessary transition in the modeling process and analysis itself. The flexibility of the model itself using polynomial basis leads to the possible rapid transition of the mathematical model and further analysis acceleration. It should be noted that the mathematical description permits operator representation. Conversely, operator representation of the structures, algorithms and data processing procedures significantly improve the flexibility of the modeling process.

The paper provides the analysis of the uncertainty in determining the uranium samples enrichment using non-destructive methods to ensure the functioning of the nuclear materials accounting and control system. The measurements were performed by a scintillation detector based on a sodium iodide crystal and the semiconductor germanium detector. Samples containing uranium oxide of different masses were used for the measurements. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the maximum enrichment error in a scintillation detector measurement can reach 82%. The bias correction, calculated from the data obtained by the semiconductor detector, reduces the error in the determination of uranium enrichment by 47.2% in average. Thus, the use of bias correction, calculated by the statistical methods, allows the use of scintillation detectors to account and control nuclear materials.

The paper describes a mathematical model of mass transfer processes in a cascade of reverse-flow centrifugal extractors. Model of operation of each extractor is given as tightly coupled system of mixing and separating chambers. All model units are represented by systems of differential equations. The article presents the results of testing of the developed model, which confirmed the validity of the assumptions made in the model. The authors assessed the impact of the overflow of dense phase level on the hydrostatic position of phase interface level in the extractor. The research showed that a change in the volume of dense and light phases occurs in each apparatus of a cascade even in the steady mode. Operation of the cascade consisting of 12 series-connected centrifugal extractors was simulated in order to verify the model. Computer simulation results confirm the adequacy of the developed model.

Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. Radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B 1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 minutes. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D- glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3±0.15MBq and 1.07±0.6MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio- D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

Detailed information on the deposition technology of the low-resistive ITO-films in oxygen-containing media by magnetron reactive sputtering from the In(90%)/Sn(10%) target on the cold substrate is given. Developed technology allows deposition ITO-films with sheet resistance 2-3 Ω/□, transparency higher than 90%. Developed technology is notable for high reproducibility of results and is compatible with production technology of semiconductor devices of optoelectronics.