Table of contents

Ahmed J. Obaid¹, Isam Asal Hasan², Ali Taher Mohi², Salah Albermany¹, Souvik Pal³, Sandeep Kautish⁴

¹ Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

² College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

³ Global Institute of Management and Technology, West Bengal, India.

⁴ LBEF Campus Kathmandu Nepal (In collaboration with Asia Pacific university Malaysia).

E-Mails: ahmedj.aljanaby@uokufa.edu.iq.

ICPAS Conference Proceeding 2^nd edition, Involved Our Peer Reviewed Papers that reviewed and presented through the 2^nd International Conference on Physics and Applied Sciences (ICPAS) which held in College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq in 26-27 MAY, 2021. ICPAS Aims to bring together all aspects and research works in scientific platform to discussed the latest and new trends in topics covered under broad areas such as (but not limited to) Nuclear, plasma and theoretical physics, Materials physics, materials analysis and characterization, Optics, Quantum Optics and Lasers, Mathematical Physics, Applied Physics, Statistical physics and Nonlinear systems, Communications, Vacuum science, technology and applications. The conference is co-sponsored by Journal of Physics: Conference Series, ISSN: 1742-6588, 1742-6596.

List of Conference Committees, all images are available in the pdf

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Type of peer review:

• ICPAS Conference follow Double-Blind Review where all received articles are checked for similarity. All the articles passed through the plagiarism checking and sent though the organizing and Scientific committee Members for 2-3 Reviewers for evaluation based on certain reports that includes the important questions which used by many publishers to evaluate the papers the submitted to them, based on our reviewers reports forms and their decisions, and Editors decision the paper either accepted, Accepted with (Minor/Major) revision or rejected.

• Conference submission management system:

The main Submission system for our Conference Easychair Submission System (easychair.org/), where the paper can be submitted, and tracked through this system, all papers has its own ID, for evaluation progress later.

• Number of submissions received:

We received more than 311 submissions from all authors that comes from more than 19 countries, we consider only 199 papers for further progress, the conference organizers, scientific committee, guest Editors consider only the (177) Accepted Papers that fulfil the requirements for further process.

• Number of submissions sent for review:

Total Number of Papers that Consider for review Process are 199 and based on scientific committee decision and guest editor decision and alternative reviewers we accepted only 177 papers.

• Number of submissions accepted:

Out of 311, papers we select 199 papers as initial Accepted Articles, we processed these papers and consider only 177 because the following reasons:

• Some Corresponding authors do not complete the revision in well.

• Some Papers do not complete the Copyright and Payments.

• Some papers either published somewhere.

• Some papers rejected based on editor's decision.

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100):

Total Number of Received Papers = 311.

Total Number of Accepted Papers = 177.

Acceptance Rate =$\frac{Number\,of\,Submission\,Accepted}{Number\,of\,Submission\,\mathrm{Re}ceived}\times \, \% =\frac{177}{311}=57 \%$

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2-3 Reviewers for Each Paper

• Total number of reviewers involved: 128 Reviewers

• Any additional info on review process:

o Each paper Assigned to 2-3 reviewers once passed the technical check.

o Once Review Reports received the decision of Guest Editor will be as 3^rd reviewer on each certain paper.

• Contact person for queries:

Main Guest Editors:

• Ass.t Prof. Dr. Ahmed J. Obaid,

Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Kufa, Iraq

ahmedj.aljanaby@uokufa.edu.iq

• Prof. Dr. Salah Albermany,

Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Kufa, Iraq

salah.albermany@uokufa.edu.iq

• Ass.t Prof. Dr. Souvik Pal,

Head of CSE Dept., Global Institute of Management and Technology, India

souvikpal22@gmail.com

• Prof. Dr. Sandeep Kautish,

Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation Malaysia, Nepal

dr.skautish@gmail.com

In this paper, we investigate the properties of Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-open set (or Fuzzy Soft τ₁τ₂τ₃-α-open set) in a Fuzzy Soft Tri-topological spaces, A detailed study is carried out on properties of Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-interior, Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-closure of Fuzzy Soft sets and Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-neighborhood of a Fuzzy Soft point which are fundamental for further research on the theory of Fuzzy Soft Tri-topological spaces (w.r.t. Fuzzy Soft Tri-α-open set).

General Terms

2010 AMS Classification: 54A05, 54A10, 54E55, 54E99.

Human looking forward to living in a modern and comfortable environment like smart houses. In this study, an effective user-friendly smart home prototype designed with low cost. The prototype contains eight of Light Emitting Diode (LED) considered as home appliances and controlled in real-time using eight suggested hand cases. The hand cases have different position regarded to head and shoulder levels. The hand position is detected using a new suggested algorithm programmed in Matlab software. Viola-Jones method used to detect hand in a complex background (hand with a different background) by training computer using positive (hand) and negative (non-hand) image datasets. To make computer training faster and accurate, a new idea depends on a skin detection used before computer training to determine the location and size of all positive images automatically. The LEDs in prototype switched ON/OFF using the suggested hand cases in a fast time. Where the response time of LEDs to hand cases was 0.43 second.

Meta stable phase of SnO as stoichiometric compound is deposited utilizing thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum onto glass and p-type silicon. These films are subjected to thermal treatment under oxygen for different temperatures (150,350 and 550 °C ). The Sn metal transformed to SnO at 350 oC, which was clearly seen via XRD measurements, SnO was transformed to a nonstoichiometric phase at 550 oC. AFM was used to obtain topography of the deposited films. The grains are combined compactly to form ridges and clusters along the surface of the SnO and Sn3O3 films. Films were transparent in the visible area and the values of the optical band gap for (150,350 and 550 °C ) 3.1, 2.7and 2.4 eV respectively. AFM shows that the granular size of all films increases by increasing the oxidation temperature. The PL emission results were matched the results of the optical energy gap. The solar parameters for the three phases are studied to obtain the efficiency, which were found to be 2%, 3.7%,5.1

Films of PVA/PAA/SrTiO₃ nanostructures were prepared for flexible optoelectronic devices. Studying the optical characteristics of PVA/PAA/SrTiO₃ films were tested. The results showed the improving of the optical characteristics of (PVA/PAA) mixtures by the increase in SrTiO₃ NPs content. Also, results showed the energy gap of PVA/PAA mixtures decreased from to with adding of SrTiO3 NPs. Finally, the results indicated to the PVA/PAA/SrTiO₃ nanostructures may be used in various optoelectronic devices.

In this paper, synthesis in PVA/PEG/BaTiO₃ new nanocomposites was investigated to use in various optoelectronics fields. The PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 nanostructures prepared from PVA/PEG blend with various ratios of BaTiO₃ NPs. The optical characteristics of synthesized PVA/PEG/BaTiO₃ nanostructures have studied. Results indicated that the optical characteristics of PVA/PEG improved as BaTiO₃ NPs ratio increase, this behavior makes it may be used in different electronics and photonics fields.

Thulium-doped optical Fiber enhancers (TDFA) are advanced to cover the optical media transmission Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) information transmission in the envisioned the band (800-1800 nm) with up to 6.5dB increment and noise figure as low as 2.6 dB. We existing the first in-band diode-siphoned thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFAs) operational in the wavelength locale and test their appropriateness as high request enhancers in possible coming media transmission frameworks.

Since Gupta et al. (1998) [8] suggested the Exponentiated class of distributions, a lot of published papers based on this class to derive new distributions for representing set(s) of real data more flexibly. In this paper, we present Exponentiated Inverted Gamma distribution (EIGD). The rth raw moments function form derives for new densities. Stress-strength reliability, Shannon and relative entropies have also been discussed.

Membranes Structural properties have been studied using XRD and compare the different values of the average crystallite size by using correction equations. undoped ZnO and ZnO: Sb for (0.5- 2) % membranes has been dropped on glass and p-type porous silicon (PS) substrate at 400 °C to use it as a sensor for CO gas. The crystal growth of the films that were deposited on the PS was not uniform due to the nature of the PS surface and due to the breakage of the crystal structure of the membrane material. the sensitivity of membranes dropped on (PS) for CO gas was higher than on glass substrate.

In Si substrate, anisotropic KOH etchants are mainly utilized to form pyramids like on the Si surface . However, this process is not well controlled way owing to the different and random etching pathway. In this work, we applied laser radiation during the anisotropic KOH wet etching process to modifies the topographical properties of Si substrate, as an efficient,simple and low cost texturing process for Si substrate. This approach employs different laser wavelength to modify the topographical features from a crater like structures to Si nanocrystallites in the form of pillars like structures on the Si surface. In order to investigate the formation of plasmonics species, gold nanoparticles was incorporated into Si surfaces by simple ion reduction process. The Si topographical features was studied with atomic scanning microscopy (AFM) images of Si before and after laser irradiation process. The irradiation with 405 laser wavelength, show the formation of thin and high density of Si nano pillars-like structures compared with more thick depther Si nano pillars like structures layer.

In emotion studies, critiques of the use of a static facial expression have been directed to its resulting from poor ecological validity. We conducted a study of studies in the present work, which specifically contrasted recognizing emotions using dynamic facial expressions. Brain imaging experiments and behavioural studies with associated physiological research are also included. The facial motion appears to be connected to our emotional process. The findings of laboratory brain injury experiments also reinforce the concept of a neurological dissociation between static and dynamic expression mechanisms. According to the findings of electromyography studies of dynamic expressions of affective signals, those expressions evoke more extreme facial mimic physiological responses. Studies significantly affirm the essence of dynamic facial gestures.

The goal of this research is to introduce the concept of Large-maximal submodule, also we will consider some properties of it, such that a proper submodule N of an R-module M is said to be Large-maximal (L-maximal) submodule of M if there exists a submodule K of M such that N < K ≤ M, then K is essential submodule of M (K ≤_e M).

A systematic theoretical study was performed for dipolar triarylamine-based Dπ-A dyes. These dyes are composed of good required features to be active for enhancing the efficiency of solar cell such as arylamine donor moieties, and an acceptor part with cyanoacetic acid, while the conjugation process is adopted by the fluorene or biphenyl linkers. The required properties both electronic and opticals were computed with DFT/TDDFT levels and 6-31G (d, p) basis set, then show the response of the efficiency. The obtained results have predicted the excitation energies, HOMO-LUMO energy levels which indicate an improvement in the two principle processes; electron injection and the regeneration of dyes. Also, the important factors in close connection with the short-circuit current density (J_sc), such as light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), the open-circuit photovoltage (V_oc), total reorganization energy (λ_total) and injection driving force (ΔG_inject) have been explained. As a result, the calculated data verify that the D dye can represent a potential sensitizer for solar cells, this can be rationalized by its reasonable photovoltaic parameters with other electronic and optical properties.

Experimental evolution of the diffraction pattern of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Congo Red (COGR) Solutions, by diffraction ring technique under CW laser illumination is present. The two azo dyes, COGR dye and COGR dye, were studied for their absorbance spectra, as well as the diffraction rings experimental. The measurement rings were performed when the incident beam propagates through a quartz cell containing dye. Many diffraction rings were observed on the sensitive screen. Among the results we obtained are the diffraction rings at 0.07mM concentration, where the number of rings was 4 at the power of the 50 mW laser beam for the Bromocresol dye and three rings in the congo red dye. The nonlinear refractive index for the Bromocresol dye and congo red dye are found to be in the order of 0.11×10⁻⁸ cm²/Watt, 3.093×10⁻⁸ cm²/Watt, respectively.The efficiency of the ring pattern was found to depend on the concentration of the dye and the power of the laser.

Accurate dietary appraisal has been found by literature to be very significant in the evaluation of weight loss treatments. Most current methods of dietary evaluation, however, depend on recollection. The development of a modern computer-based food recognition system for reliable food evaluation is now possible across comprehensive mobile devices as well as rich Cloud services. Fixing the problem of food detection and identification in photos of different kinds of foods. Given the variety of food products with low inter-and high intra-class variations and the limited information in a single picture, the problem is complicated. By propose the overall application of multiple fusion-trained classifiers to achieve increased identification and recognition capabilities on characteristics obtained from various deep models. This paper studied various techniques of food recognition using different approaches and based on several variables, compared their effectiveness. Our study results demonstrate that deep learning overcomes other strategies like manual feature extractors, standard ML algorithms, as well as DL as a practical tool for food hygiene and safety inspections.

The surface uniformity of porous silicon (PSi) morphologies will enhance the overall properties of the PSi layer. In this study, the role of perpendicular magnetic field (MF) on structural, optical, and electrical properties of (PSi) substrates are reported. The (PSi) is prepared with a photo-electrochemical etching process in the front-side illumination pathway with and without a perpendicular magnetic field (MF). The application of (MF) on the path of the electric charge carrier leads to modify the morphologies of PSi surface. The pores shape, sizes, orientation, and homogeneity, and electrical properties will vary with the (MF). The role of (MF) will contribute to an increase in the number of pores and decrease the overlapping process. And also, promotes the orientation of the relatively more defined pores across the Psi surface. The observed noticeable changes in PL spectra, electrical properties, and charge carrier transport mechanisms may be owing to the surface reconstruction process. The influence of (MF) on the characteristics of Au thin layer / PSi/c-Si/Al structures will lead to converting its behavior from the resistor to Schottky-like junction.

To find the reliability of any complex network, we need to convert it into a simple network to facilitate the process of reliability calculation. In this paper we simplify a complex network into a simple network by using two techniques, in the first technique "reduction method" the complex network was converted into a parallel network, while in the second technique "delta - star method", the complex network has been transformed into a series network. The 2^nd technique is based on the 1^st technique in finding the reliability of a subnetwork. At the end of the research, a comparison between these two methods was made.

In this study the effect of Cu addition on the phase transformation behavior, microstructure, and micro hardness of equiatomic Ni-Ti shape memory alloy was investigated. NiTiCu SMA prepared with the composition (52.119 % at. Ni, 41.731% at. Ti and Cu 6.15 % at.) and compared with the properties of the equiatomic NiTi SMA with composition (50% at. Ni, 50% at. Ti). Vacuum induction melting method used in the preparation of Both SMAs. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, optical microscope and vicker's microhardness test was used to investigate the characteristics of the equiatomic NiTi and NiTiCu SMAs. The results revealed that when Cu element was added the phase transformation temperatures decreased below body temperature. NiTi matrix phase and Ti2Ni secondary phase exist in both SMA samples, also Cu-rich phase appeared in NiTiCu SMA and this is one of the reasons that lead to increasing the microhardness of alloy when Cu element was added. The value of equiatomic NiTi increases from 238.74 to 329 when Cu element was added (for NiTiCu alloy) after heat treatment.

We introduce a new method for solving Initial Value Problems (IVPs) in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), by making a mixing between the Forward (Predictor) – Backward (Corrector) technique and used it in the Contra Harmonic mean formula, this new method give us a parallelism in numerical calculations and it is more accurate than the old classical Runge – Kutta formula of the same order.

Investigating the human mobility patterns is a highly interesting field in the 21th century, and it takes vast attention from multi-disciplinary scientists in physics, economic, social, computer, engineering...etc. depending on the concept that relates between human mobility patterns and their communications. Hence, the necessity for a rich repository of data has emerged. Therefore, the most powerful solution is the usage of GSM network data, which gives millions of Call Details Records gained from urban regions. However, the available data still have shortcomings, because it gives only the indication of spatio-temporal data at only the moment of mobile communication activities. In this chapter, Gama platform development environment of constructing spatially multi agent simulation is used for modeling and simulating the individual reconstructed trajectories. As a result, the individual trajectories revealed the human daily life patterns.

As usual, researches and knowledge are constantly evolving; these built prompts to more studies and researches in order to achieve the closest state of optimization. According to our previous (Reference 5). This proposal improves the algorithms by calibrate the flowmeter sensors (YF-S201) separately in order to reduce the manufacture error rate. In addition, a laser sensor (TF mini Lidar) were used instead of an ultrasonic sensor to measure the fuel volume of the main tank. In addition, four voltage sensors (AC type) and three clamp meters (model SCT- 013) were added to the system to indicate the electric in real-time. All these sensors are connected and controlled by two MEGA Arduino Microcontrollers and the information has been stored into the database that could be downloaded and displayed locally or remotely via internet as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) using Public IP.

This proposal found that the error rate of calculating the fuel consumed in the generator is (3.8%), this is more accurate by (90%) than previous one. The fuel in the main tank noticed that the accuracy is increased by (3.1%), as well; it produced more security for fuel from leakage or pilfering. The abnormal behaver of generator can be reached immediately by monitoring the voltage and ampere on real-time mode.

In this research, biological assays for testing toxins in the disinfection jungles Roanstar are studied on a group of fish. The dose-response relationship was estimated using an exponential model, applied the MLE method to estimate the parameters of the exponential distribution. The Fisher's information was used and the cumulative distribution function to estimate the median lethal dose LD₅₀ which extracted confidence limits for it at specific time intervals.

Interest in phenomena is one of the most prominent scientific concerns of humans in general, and researchers and scientists in particular. From this standpoint came the interest to derive new probability distributions for representing the actual data taken from those phenomena more flexibly. In this paper, we present the distribution of lower order statistic from doubly truncated Inverted Gamma distribution (LOSDTIGD). The rth raw moments function form derives for new density. Stress-strength reliability, Shannon and relative entropies have also been discussed.

.In this paper, the plasma parameters of the three materials (selenium, zinc oxide, and manganese oxide) were calculated using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, where the plasma is generated by this technique through the interaction of the laser with the solid target and the calculation of the electron temperature and electron density. Also, the structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied. It was found from the standards that the crystal size (XRD) of the three materials decreases with increasing energy, and this corresponds to measurements of (AFM) where the average diameter decreases with increasing energy

: In this paper, we introduce two concepts. Firstly, the, concept of T_r-rationally closed,a sub module H is called T_r-rationally closed if W/H is T_r-torsion free. And second, the concept of Rcls-module, W is called Rcls-module if every T_r-rationally closed sub module in W is a direct summand. Several properties about these two concepts have been given. In addition, we discussed these notions with other related concepts.

The limited research based on the prepare of a MnO2 gas sensor on silicon and the testing of its sensitivity to targeted gases such as the CO2 gas adopted in this work has led us to prepare and prepare such important sensors in human daily life. Initially, three different co2 concentrations were selected: (1.49ppm, 5.8ppm, 21.8ppm) we found that the best allergic (S = 98.28) was from the focus share (21.8ppm). This focus was worked and we also studied the amount of allergic to different temperatures 50.10° and the response time and recovery time were set for both thermal degrees, the best sensitivity was (97.22) for the sensitivity of the gas manufactured from porous silicon at a temperature (100°) C) With a short response time of (10.21sec) and a shorter recovery time at (9.1sec) all this work after the thin membrane was deposited on a slice of porous silicon type n and performed visual tests represented by UV-vis that showed that emissions occurred in the region Ultraviolet close to the electromagnetic spectrum and the optical energy gap was identified using this technique was equivalent to 3.88eV. The photosynthesis technology showed a clear peak at 324nm wavelength. There was a significant convergence in the amount of the optical energy gap calculated by this technique of 3.73nm compared to the value of the optical power gap resulting from UV-vis, which was equal to 3.88eV. The results of the Raman spectroscopy test confirmed the acquisition of the thin four-angle MnO₂ membranes resulting from the vibration of one type of atoms, as the displacement of Raman appeared at the highest intensity corresponding to the wavenumber of these thin membranes 512cm-1. The synthetic examinations represented by both the atomic force microscope for the study of the topography of the thin membrane recorded proved that the thin membrane is characterized by high roughness and granular vertical growth, and the square root of the square of the average roughness square has been calculated, granular volume rate 30.68nm, deviation 6.768nm, increase in surface area 4.446nm, surface thickness 46.78nm and this large surface roughness of the membrane surface has increased the sensitivity of the gas sensor. Then came the role of using FESEM technicians, the results of which came after the tests that the membrane is characterized by the dense random and compressed distribution of semi-spherical nanoparticles and a nanosize rate of about 33.58nm using ImageJ. Finally, the pattern of x-ray diffraction that the membrane formed with a quadruple-angle, monolithic and high-crystallization composition, the degree of crystallization was 70.25, and the granular size was found according to Shearer's image from the pattern data of the pattern of the dehydration has been calculated and is equivalent to 31.81nm.

The improvement of 5G networks started in 2019 and is commonly accepted to bring changes not restricted to individuals' day-by-day life. The interconnection between the nodes of 5G network is realized through the utilization of optical transceiver modules and optical fibers. The most interesting part in the 5G communication network is the communication between the Central Office (CO) and the Base Station (BS), which has been widely investigated by several researchers to enhance and optimize such network performance. As a result, in this paper we demonstrate, design and implemented a) based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM Radio over Fiber (RoF) system and by using the software of Optisystem 17.1 version. Such system is considered a 32X40 Gbps of data transmission for higher speed transmission system towards the Tera bit per second (Tbps) communication. The channels of 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 were selected as samples for the investigation. The performance analysis would be based on the parameters of the eye diagram, (Quality Factor) Q-factor and Min Bit Error Rate (BER) and for distances of 60, 120 and 180 km respectively. Analyzing results indicate a higher performance system toward the 1.28 Tbps of data rate transmission.

In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm was proposed for the chimp algorithm using another traditional efficient algorithm called the Conjugate Gradient Algorithm called (CGA). The algorithm CG works to optimize the randomly created elementary community as the basic community of chimp optimization algorithms by using the characteristic traditional algorithm above. The test was applied to (10) high-efficiency optimization functions with different dimensions and frequency. The results of the hybrid algorithm were excellent, encouraging, and superior to the original algorithm. The hybrid algorithm achieved optimal solutions by reaching to a minimum value (f_min) for most of these functions.

Optimizing the Access Point (AP) deployment is of great importance in wireless applications owing the requirement to provide efficient and cost-effective communication. Highly targeted by many researchers and academic industries, Quality of Service (QOS) is an important primary parameter and objective in mind along with AP placement and overall publishing cost. This study proposes and investigates a multi-level optimization algorithm based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). It aims to an optimal multi-floor AP placement with effective coverage that makes it more capable of supporting QOS and cost effectiveness. Five pairs (coverage, AP placement) of weights, signal thresholds, and Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements simulated with Wireless Insite (WI) software were considered to work in conjunction with the proposed optimization algorithm. Additionally, the AP deployment results obtained from WI and optimization will be compared with the simulation results of the current AP diffusion within the target building. These comparisons will be based on the most important RSS parameters, path loss (PL) and interference. The comparison results showed a significant improvement in RSS and path loss values of (-11.55) dBm and (11.55) dBm. While the interferences are decreased by (7.87 %). Furthermore, the result of performance analysis showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the current AP deployment by 39.23% in coverage ratio.

Let Q be a left Module over a ring with identity . In this paper, we introduced the concept of T-small Quasi-Dedekind Modules as follows, An R-module Q is T-small quasi-Dedekind Module if, $\forall \,w\,\in En{d}_{R}(Q),\,w\ne 0$ then Ker w ≪_T Q. Also, we illustrate it by examples and give basic properties.

The aim of introduce and study the notion of a ᵮuzzy δg-סpen set, and the relationships between it and (iuzzy regular g-סpen set, iuzzy Ag-open set, ᵮuzzy Δg-סpen set, ᵮuzzy θg-סpen) in ᵮuzzy topological space on ᵮuzzy set.

Membranes (Ni₁-x Zn_xFe₂O₄) were prepared by chemical precipitation method and with different weight ratios of values (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9), the electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied with the presence of a magnetic field of magnitude (0.45T), the result (Hall Effect) The majority of charge carriers are electrons, while the results of magnetic tests showed that the prepared films of different weights are of a type (soft Ferrite) The membranes behaved as a ferromagnetic material. The results indicate that the membranes can be used in the fields of microwave frequencies and in the transformers inside the magnetic core due to the smallness of the hysterical loop.

In this investigation, Hydroxyapatite/Titania and hydroxyapatite/Alumina porous composites at five various proportions were manufactured by replication method A.K.A the polymeric sponge method. HAp powder was fabricated by a "solid-state reaction" in molar proportion between (TCP)Tri calcium phosphate and Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide. The microstructures were examined by utilizing (XRD), (SEM) and EDX". Incubated for thirty days in SBF (Simulation Body Fluid),a thin layer like apatite formed completely on a bone specially on the surface of the samples was.. There's a very low degeneracy degree when amount of the reinforcements materials increased..

Carbon monoxide sensitivity of pristine and Pt doped tin dioxide (SnO2) is investigated in the present work using transition state theory. The use of transition state theory leads to a double exponent function formula for the concentration and sensitivity of the material. The method uses Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of activation to formulate sensitivity, response time, and recovery time. The results showed that the activation energy of Pt doped SnO₂ nanocluster is lower than the pristine SnO₂ nanocluster. The Pt doped clusters promote higher reaction rates than pristine clusters. However, the activation energy of recovery with oxygen reaction is lower for the pristine cluster. The results also showed that the activation energy and reaction rates increase with temperature. The concentration of oxygen-deficient molecules in pristine and doped tin oxide as a function of temperature that represents the sensitivity of the sensor has the highest value at 225 °C. The theoretical results also show that response time decreases while recovery time increases with the increase of CO concentration. The results agree with experimental results.

Atmospheric stability defines as the atmospheric tendency to reduce or intensify vertical motion, in other words, suppress or enhance existing turbulence, thus atmospheric stability play important role in transport and dispersion of air pollutant. In This study relationship between air pollutant of CO gases in 2019 resulted from burning three types of fuels (fuel gas, gas oil, naphtha) in 8 production units inside Kirkuk refinery (located in north-east of Iraq), and atmospheric stability analysis in different directions to know the effect of atmospheric stability classes on the emission of CO poison gas. Atmospheric element such as wind speed, cloud amount and solar altitude used by the Turner method to calculate seven stability classes, these classes are compared with CO pollutant at a different distance from the source point. From samples taken from stacks and fuels burned in a refinery, emission rate and exist velocity from 11 stacks calculated and used to estimated CO gas by Gaussian equation for dispersion at two months (January, July) in 2019. The comparison values of the concentrations with the distances from the point source for January and July was carefully examined, as it was noticed that the concentrations during the month's classes B and F varieties in percent between January and July reach %120 - %170, while in the rest classes C, D, and G were close to 80% it decreases with the distance through (1000m– 10000m) by 81% - 59%, in Class A and E There is a difference in one of the two months.

Due to its value in providing diagnostic information, large Figure of chest X-rays conducted everywhere. This therefore necessitate assessing patients' dose to avoid any potential harm. This work is aimed at evaluating the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) for adult patients undergoing chest radiographic examination (posterior - anterior (PA)) in Al Najaf (Iraq). The ESAK were evaluated for 186 patients utilizing CALDose program. The tube output measurements were carried out using Rad-Check dosimeter. Patient demographic data was also recorded (height and weight). Nine X-ray units were considered in this research (i.e. Al-Furat hospital (AFH), Al Sajad General Hospital (ASGH), Al-Hakeem hospital (AHH), Al-Zahra hospital (AZH), Al-Sadder hospital (ASH), Al Hydria General Hospital (AHGH), Middle Euphrates cancer center (MECC), Al Manzrah General Hospitals (AMGH) and Al Mishkhab Hospital (AMH)). The resulted data revealed that the ESAK for the considered hospitals AFH, ASH, ASGH, AHH, AZH, AHGH, MECC, AMGH and AMH are 0.67, 0.069, 0.59, 0.05, 0.79, 0.76, 0.48, 0.21 and 0.18, respectively with an overall average of 0.425 ± (0.299) mGy. In AZH, the ESAK was generally higher than those of other X-ray units of this study. Finally, performing a regular quality control (QC) checking with dose audit is largely advised

In this study, two models are presented to estimate a shadow angle and length of an object located outdoor during daytime. A stick, with 50 cm length and diameter 1 cm, used to measure the shadow angle and length from 9 am to 3 pm for 1^st, 11^th, 12^th, 21^st, 22^nd, and 31^st of August, 1^st, 11^th, 12^th, 21^st, 22^nd, and 30^th of September, 11^th, 12^th, 25^th, 26^th, and 31^st of October, 8^th, 16^th, 17^th, 25^th, 26^th, and 30^th of November, 1^st, 16^th, 17^th, 22^nd, and 23^rd December 2019. The introduced model's results, for shadow angles and shadow lengths, show good agreement with the real data. The Normalize mean square error (NMSE) criterion used to measure the quality matching between the real and modeled data. The highest value of NMSE between the real and result shadow angles and shadow length from model is 0.006% and 0.003% respectively.

Nanostructured ZnO and Cd doped ZnO were deposited employing spray pyrolysis technique. Atomic force microscope and double beam spectrophotometer were utilized to study the influence of non-thermal plasma on topographical and some optical constants. AFM results indicate that the average diameter was 43.4-68.81 nm before exposure and their values was slightly influenced by exposure to plasma to be 42.74-69.25 nm and all the result indicate the deposited films have a nanostructure. Surface roughness R_a and root mean square roughness R_rms were in the ambit of (2.09-5.3 nm), (2.43-6.12 nm) before exposure to plasma, while their values were in the ambit of (2.09-5.3 nm),(2.58-10.3 nm) after the influence of plasma. Optical constants such as absorbance was increased with the increment of Cd content, the same trend was noticed after exposure to non thermal plasma. High absorbance was seen near 400 nm. Whereas extinction coefficient,refractive index show a decrement with the increment of Cd content before and after exposure to plasma. Reflectance also offers the same trend of the above optical constants, a comparatively low reflectance is shown for the pure ZnO thin films before and after exposure Finally, all the studied parameters were influenced by plasma exposure.

Various colors of glass beads excavated at the Khlong Thom archaeological site in southern Thailand were characterized non-destructively using proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy in order to determine the glass composition and production technology in ancient time. The results show that most of them are alkali-based glass matrices. Some of them are high lead-bearing glass. The glass compositions are approximately the same as the Mediterranean, Islamic, and Indian glasses, but with a higher concentration of aluminum. The colors are influenced by transition metal-ions content such as copper, iron, and manganese. High content of lead has been found in the samples with opaque colors, especially the yellow opaque. The corroded and flaked surface of the glass bead has been revealed by SEM. In a comparison of glass composition, it can be proposed that there is some relationship in production technology between Khlong Thom archaeological site and other sites: South-East Asia; South Asia; East Asia; Asia Minor; and South Africa. This information indicates the historical link of both land and maritime networks for long-distance trade and exchange in ancient time.

Medical images are transmitted to other remote places through the E-healthcare system. The protection of medical images is very crucial. Medical images need to be protected against any modification which the attacker may do through the unsecured channel. It is necessary for inspecting the integrity of the ROI (Region of Interest) of the received medical image prior to the adoption of any diagnostic decision to avoid a misdiagnosis. This paper aimed to confirm the integrity and authenticity of medical images by combining the hash signature with the watermarking technique based on the frequency domains. At first, the medical image is divided into ROI and RONI (Region of Non-Interest). The SLT and DCT transformations are employed together to extract the essential features set from ROI and then combined with EPR (Electronic Patient Registration) to produce a watermark, and then it is encoded by a chaotic map with a secret key to provide a signature. On the other hand, the RONI is mapping into randomly subblocks based on the linear system, and then the Signature is embedded in the chosen block using DWT. The hash code of the recovered image and EPR will be compared with the extracted watermark for integrity and authenticity. The experimental results demonstrate the watermark's robustness against many of the more aggressive and geometric signal processing distortions without affecting the quality of the original medical image. In particular, compared with state-of-the-art technology, the proposed algorithm improves the average NC value larger than 0.90 under all types of attacks.

In this paper, the reliability of the stress-strength model is derived for probability p (max (Y₁,Y₂,..., >,Y_k) < X ) of a component having its strength X exposed to k independent stresses (Y-₁,Y₂,...,Y_k) and also as a special case k=2. when X and Y₁,Y₂,...,Y_k flowing Gompertz-Fréchet distribution with unknown shape parameters θ,λ and known parameters α,β,γ. Different methods used to estimate reliability R and Gompertz-Fréchet distribution parameters which are Maximum Likelihood, Least square, Weighted Least square, Regression and Ranked set sampling methods, and the comparison between these estimators by simulation study based on mean square error criteria (MSE). The comparison confirms that the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator works better than the other estimators.

In this paper, the reliability formula is derived for the stress-strength model of the probability P(T < X < Z) for a component's strength X falling between two stresses T and Z, based on Dagum Distribution with unknown parameter β and known and common parameters λ and δ. Bayesian estimation is discussed to estimate the reliability under complete data by using Gamma prior based on two loss function (weighted and quadratic loss functions), and the comparison between these estimators based on a simulation study using mean square error criteria (MSE) for each of the small, medium and large samples. The most important conclusion is that this comparison confirms that the performance of the estimator according to the weighted loss function works better for the most experiments studied.

A wide range of material utilized in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method opens the research thrust in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) or Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) technology for the researchers There are many works done on materials like polymer metal composite ceramics & sand under SLS method to enhance the quality & mechanical properties of parts described through optimizing the process parameters Still there is a wide scope to optimize the SLS process parameters which are using materials such as sand ceramics & metals Also among the different response variables available the impact of surface roughness on SLS stainless steel metal parts & the quality of sand mould casting parts have not yet been analyzed Further if the gap of the influencing process parameters on different materials is fulfilled, the operator can easily utilize the SLS process before carrying out the actual process The main objective of this s focuses on the design & investigation of SLS process parameter & final part properties Also a manual suggestive process parameter selection methodology has developed for the laser sintering processes.

Vanadium oxide thin films were successfully prepared hydrothermally and deposited on a substrate using the drop casting method. Analytical techniques such as XRD, AFM, (SEM) analyses, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), PL, and FTIR measurements were used to confirm the characterization of the prepared vanadium oxide NPs. The XRD measurements show that the VO2 thin film was polycrystalline, with a (monoclinic) phase and crystallite size calculated using Scherrer's equation, as well as dislocation density and microstrain. The optical properties show that the energy gap (4.49) eV, and depending on PL, a single sharp emission peak was found at location 350 nm (3.54 eV). The Antibacterial activity of the vanadium oxide nanoparticles were investigated, with inhibition zone Escherichia coli (17) mm, Staphylococcus aureus 20 mm, Bacillus subtilis 18 mm, and Klebsiella pneumonia 19 mm and Candida isolates 15 mm. The study confirms that the prepared VO₂ samples can be used as an antibacterial agent. The results suggest that proper tuning can make them a good antimicrobial agent.

The rapid and enormous growth of the Internet of Things, as well as its widespread adoption, has resulted in the production of massive quantities of data that must be processed and sent to the cloud, but the delay in processing the data and the time it takes to send it to the cloud has resulted in the emergence of fog, a new generation of cloud in which the fog serves as an extension of cloud services at the edge of the network, reducing latency and traffic. The distribution of computational resources to minimize makespan and running costs is one of the disadvantages of fog computing. This paper provides a new approach for improving the task scheduling problem in a Cloud-Fog environment in terms of execution time(makespan) and operating costs for Bag-of-Tasks applications. A task scheduling evolutionary algorithm has been proposed. A single custom representation of the problem and a uniform intersection are built for the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the individual initialization and perturbation operators (crossover and mutation) were created to resolve the inapplicability of any solution found or reached by the proposed evolutionary algorithm. The proposed ETS (Evolutionary Task Scheduling algorithm) algorithm was evaluated on 11 datasets of varying size in a number of tasks. The ETS outperformed the Bee Life (BLA), Modified Particle Swarm (MPSO), and RR algorithms in terms of Makespan and operating costs, according to the results of the experiments.

Mixed dielectric films of ZnS and MgF₂ have been modeled in IR (3μm) band to reduce a reflectance from ZnS substrate which is around 14%. Reflectance value are enhanced starting from a mixed quarter single layer, double and triple layer as innermost and intermediate layers (quarter-quarter-quarter) and (quarter-half –quarter) ARC's. The designed layers are optimized with Zemax-EE operand to reach the target by varying their thickness and refractive indices simultaneously . The analysis has shown that the proposed mixing multilayer construction are very effective in enhancing the transmittance for ZnS.

The dramatic growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in recent years increases the IoT networks' vulnerabilities and introduces new challenges among machine learning (ML) algorithms to detect the networked devices. The creation of a Device Fingerprint (DFP) may depend on extracting the network traffic features related to the device except for the identities assigned to it. In this paper, Device Fingerprints for 20 IoT devices are created by extracting 30 features during startup operation. Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer is used to collect network traffic of 8 home IoT devices, meanwhile the traffics of the remaining devices are taken from the captures_IoT-Sentinel publicly available dataset. Four supervised machine learning algorithms were applied and tested to detect authorized devices and isolate unknown devices, namely: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Ensemble Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC). Random Forest model and Gradient Boosting Classifier both showed better results of about 98.8% as an average of overall accuracy with less difference comparing with the accuracy of Decision Tree. Voting classifier was applied using the three estimators that resulted in high accuracy (DT, RF, and GBC) and achieving 99.5% as an average of overall accuracy.

In this article, we report experimental investigations on the current-voltage (I-V) and the current-power (I-P) characteristics of 3mm cavity length InAsP/GaAs QD laser diode emitting at 773nm over a wide temperature range of 150-400 K. The results of the (I-V-T) measurements showed a decrease in the turn-on-voltage of the sample by (-3.52 mV/K) as well as a decrease in the dynamic resistance by (-4.9 mΩ/K). Conversely, the (I-P-T) measurements strongly exhibited the temperature dependence of the threshold current density above 300 K, whilst the characteristic temperature (T₀) of the laser diode was calculated to be between 250 - 370 K as (T_o= 70.4 K). Moreover, the external deferential quantum efficiency (${\eta }_{d}^{ext}$) decreases by (- 0.14%/K) from 190 to 300 K. The increases in ${\eta }_{d}^{ext}$ of above 300 K, was observed. This opens the door for further investigations in this material such as carrier distribution and gain measurements.

As a result of the spread of Coronavirus very quickly. The difficulty of controlling its spread. Moreover, the lack of a specific mechanism to limit the spread of the Coronavirus. The role of the Internet of Things has emerged in the fight against the Corona pandemic. This paper reviews the Internet platform, for things to diagnose and fight Coronavirus that help to control this disease with its sensors as well as various tools. that help to limit its spread also prevent human rapprochement. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most important approaches that assist in diagnosing this disease. In addition to networks, the role of the Internet in dealing with this virus is addressed at the end of this paper.

The aim of this research is to show what benefits the use of neural networks in forecasting processes can bring, among its development through out the years considering different kinds of mathematical methods. The software applications that have been developed recently for forecasting processes are neural and AI-based. Data entries from previous months are used in mathematical methods to calculate and predict sales in a company. By the use of these neural and AI-based processes, predictions of whether company sales will go up or down the next month can be made. This research will help to better understand the process behind these predictions and how the developments of neural networks come into place.

Our study suggested a new distribution through the use of the cum. dis. function for the exp. dis., as well as the cum. dis. function for the uni. dis. in addition to the quantitative function of the unified generalization using the quantitative function. Therefore it is covered different mathematical and statistical properties .of this distribution.

The research aimed to obtain new bacterial isolate producing cellulase enzyme, and ultrasonic effect on enzyme activity. Three bacterial isolates were isolated from different agricultural wastes samples. Their effectiveness in cellulolytic was detected by measurement of the clear zone diameter around bacterial growth. The enzyme was extracted after the growtht of local bacterial isolate which has highest enzyme activity. The enzyme was exposed to ultrasound intensity of 40 KH, low, medium and high power, and exposure time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60) min, enzymatic activity was measured after each treatment compared with control. It was found at low level that an increase in the cellulase activity with increased ultrasonic exposure time, the higher activity at 60(min). The effect of ultrasonic treatment at mid-level, showed higher activity at 20 (min), while at high level the activity decrease with exposure time when compared with control. Protein concentration was estimated, there was no significant difference on protein content after ultrasonic treatment in samples at (10, 20, 30, 40) min while decrease in protein content in samples at (50, 60) min, compared with with control.

In this work, an optical fiber refractive index sensor based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer technique is submitted. Single-mode fibers with different diameters (125, 60, and 50) μm were used. The chemical etching technique is used to reduce the fiber diameters. The sensor heads were immersed into liquids of different refractive indices. Two types of liquids were tested, salty and sugary liquids with different refractive indices. From the obtained results all the sensors have a high linearity and good wavelength and intensity sensitivity. For all tested sensors, the wavelength sensitivity was higher for sensors immersed in salty liquids. The sensitivity is 34338 pm/RIU for sensors with a diameter of 50 μm. The response of changing the intensity is also observed the higher intensity sensitivity is 1116.859 μW/RIU for sensors with a diameter of 125 μm immersed into sugary liquids.

In the present work, pure and composite ZnO/CuO were effectively deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis. Structural, morphological, and topographical features have been well investigated and explained. XRD analysis showed a polycrystalline structure with hexagonal and monoclinic systems for ZnO and CuO, respectively. The crystal size that calculated from XRD patterns has decreased with the increase of CuO content, while the dislocation density and the micro strain have increased. These results lead to high defects in the structure of the nanocomposite which will be more efficient in a specific application. Moreover, the morphology of the samples was examined by FESEM and it was spherical-like shapes and has elevated points, whereas the EDX confirm the existence of the employed materials without any other undesired materials. The topography of the surface depicted a slightly rough surface which will be suitable for different nanoelectronics devices.

.Present work focuses on modify of the electronic properties of CNR by adding different donors and acceptors to the ribbon. The result showed the carbon nanoribbon structure has small energy gap, it less than 1 eV. The effect of adding donors and acceptors molecules to the ribbon leads to slightly decreasing the separation between valence and conduction band in the ribbon that dependent on the type of both donors and acceptors. The calculation of global quantum parameter the electronic softness for the CNR was increased due to adding the donors and acceptors molecules in the ribbon. Also, the charge was dragged towards the areas of high negativity in CNR2 and CNR3 due to presence nitrogen and oxygen atoms in these structures instead of symmetrical distribution for electronic charges in CNR due to periodically distribution of carbon atoms in the CNR1, this modify of the electronic properties of CNR and give it to play a significant role in many electronic applications in charge transfer with other surrounding species.

In the present article, a new procedure to design a continuous fractional chaotic dynamical system with delay time from a logistic map by using sampled data representation of continuous time Caputo fractional models. An exact expression for the solution of the constructed method is found. In addition, the latest chaotic attractor that results is seen. Finally, using the MATLAB software, all theoretical results were numerically confirmed in this study.

This research aiming is more efficient information system on the basis of the development and practical application of methods and models that enable the preliminary assessment of the feasibility of wireless segments (WS) or the choice of rational structure of WS. Thus, the comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed options for the structure to use the wireless segment in the information system that we consider is the actual problem. To Developing a method of assessing the efficacy of WS in the information system which is the basic method of evaluating options for the structures is the method of WS activity-based costing. By using developed and the proposed methods and models for reducing time-consuming complexity of work with a preliminary assessment of whether to apply a different option structures WS, increase the efficiency of the preparation of recommendations on the choice of rational structure of WS among the options for upgrading or development of IP business or organization. In this paper, methods have been used for assessing the efficacy of RBCs in the information system. The research focused on efficient information system on the basis of the development and practical application of methods and models that enable the preliminary assessment of the feasibility of WS or the choice of rational structure of WS.

In this work, we have used fuzzy homotopy analysis method to find the fuzzy series solution (fuzzy semi-analytical solution) of the first order fuzzy Riccati differential equation. The fuzzy approximate-analytical solutions that we obtained during this paper are accurate solutions and very close to the fuzzy exact-analytical solutions. Some numerical results are given to illustrate the method. The obtained numerical results are compared with the exact solutions.

In this paper, we suggest and analyze two algorithms; a new Inverse Quadratic Interpolation and Illinois for solving nonlinear equation of a solar cell single diode type with initial value x₀ and load resistance R varies from 1 to 5 Ω is implemented in MATLAB program. Using five numerical testes examples, the results secured reveal that the suggested algorithm has lesser iterations than the other method (Illinois method), so the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is the best.

In the present work, improvement of Newton's method with high order convergence has been suggested. This improvement is based on Two-Point Bracketing method. The proposed method Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method requires two steps per iteration. By means of the numerical equation of the one diode model of PV equivalent circuit, included five values of R from 1 to 5 ohms (load resistance of the circuit). The results obtained explain that the new suggested technique is easy to use, more accurate and efficient than other numerical methods are presented here.

The total annual effective doses (TAED) from ingestion of naturally occurring radionuclides (NOR) in Disi groundwater for infants, children, and adults have been calculated,The ranges of the estimated annual effective dose reported in this study from direct ingestion of radium (²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra) were found to be from 0.085±0.021 to 0.532±0.205 mSv y–1, with a mean value of 0.322 ± 0.095 mSv y–1 for infants, from 0.144±0.011 to 0.828±0.203 mSv y–1, with a mean value of 0.519 ± 0.102 mSv y–1 for children and from 0.087±0.024 to 0.383±0.130 mSv y–1, with a mean value of 0.252 ± 0.067 mSv y–1 for adults. The present results of this study were compared with the minimum recommended limits (MRL) reported by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2008) and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 2000), and the previously published data in different countries. The mean annual effective dose from direct consumption of Disi groundwater for infants and adults found to be about three times higher than the MRL of 0.1 mSv/y suggested by WHO, 2008. The average TAED for children found to be five times higher than that recommended limits by WHO, 2008.

: In this paper, we study many relationships about Distributive ring and other domain such as Dedekind domain and Noetherian domain. We prove if any divisible module over a ring T, then T is Distributive ring. Also we satisfy if T is invariant ring have multiplication ideal this imply T is a Distributive ring. Finally, we study strongly duo ring and related to Distributive ring.

In this paper, the nuclear shell model SM was applied to study the energy levels of the nucleus the effect of orbit on energy levels was studied,we consider the residual interaction to be modified surface delta interaction MSDI. We have studied the excitation energies of the ⁶⁸Ni a nucleus, which contain two neutrons outside closed shell of the ⁶⁶Ni. the computation of eigenvalues of ⁶⁸Ni is performed in the frame of (1 p_1/2 0g_9/2) and (1 _p_1/2 0g_9/2 0d_5/2), we search the effect of the orbital 0d_5/2 on the energy levels. The energy levels and angular momentum of all possible cases were investigated. Thus, we have worked on a theoretical process to discover the relation between the energy levels and the classical coupling angle ¸_a,b at different orbital within neutron - neutron interaction. Accordingly, We have noticed that the energy levels manifest to follow two inclusive functions, which depend on the classical coupling angles, but are not constrained of angular momentum I. In conclusion, we conclude that our results agree with the experimental data.

In this simmulation study, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is used to partially separat a signal emitted from a laser diode (LD1), which is originally modulated with a noise source. Separation done into two parts; reflected, in which a phase is interpayed (similarly to Michelson interferometry) in order to make it differ than that passed without reflection. The two separated signals, remixed agin with themselves and additionally add to a third signal came from second laser diode (LD2), which is also modulated with a noise source furthermore to a frequency message. Output signal resulted from this interferometry, originally based on two self electro optic effect devices (seed) undergoes external optical injection. Thus these two osillators followes anti-synchronization within their emission. Observation and analyses was based on detremination for their final output spectra from periodic to chaotic. FBG sensor used in this experiment is play a role of temperature (T) and/or Stress (S) controlling to the incident signal for LD1.

Results shows that LD1 signal cannot modify output final signal, unless several parameters are carfuley tuned. These parameters are; LD1 seed, LD2 seed, LD1 phase (filtering with FBG). These results approves noval application for operating sensors in parallel to optical communications in order to satisfy the application of high level security with two antisynchronized lasers within one chaotic transmitter.

The research presents the reliability. It is defined as the probability of accomplishing any part of the system within a specified time and under the same circumstances. On the theoretical side, the reliability, the reliability function, and the cumulative function of failure are studied within the one-parameter Raleigh distribution. This research aims to discover many factors that are missed the reliability evaluation which causes constant interruptions of the machines in addition to the problems of data. The problem of the research is that there are many methods for estimating the reliability function but no one has suitable qualifications for most of these methods in the data such as the presence of anomalous values or extreme values or the appropriate distribution of these data is unknown. Therefore, the data need methods through which can be dealt with this problem. Two of the estimation methods have been used: the robust (estimator M) method and the nonparametric Kernel method. These estimation methods are derived to arrive at the formulas of their capabilities. A comparison of these estimations is made using the simulation method as it is implemented. Simulation experiments using different sample sizes and each experiment is repeated (1000) times to achieve the objective. The results are compared by using one of the most important statistical measures which is the mean of error squares (MSE). The best estimation method has been reached is the robust (M estimator) method. It has been shown that the estimation of the reliability function gradually decreases with time, and this is identical to the properties of this function.

We study hypercyclicity of truncated Toeplitz operators in the model space H²(D) θ θH²(Ө) where θ is inner function and H²(D) is Hardy space. In this paper, the necessary condition of hypercyclicity of truncated Toeplitz operator is given.

Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases for humans, since it is discovered in very advanced stages. As result, pathologists are increasingly relying in image recognition and artificial intelligence tools to aid in the early identification and evaluation of this lesion. We examined a number of papers that dealt with this issue during the time span in order to shed light on the studies that were performed in this area (2017 and 2020). We have looked at experiments that used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technologies in the study of endoscopic images to help with early detection or diagnosis of esophageal cancer and its various forms. More research on esophageal malignant growth is required, as well as improving the disease's indicative existence and employing more proven techniques for feature selection/extraction of endoscopic images. The aim of this review is to highlight the research conducted on endoscopic images of the esophagus using deep learning algorithms, including CNN, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forests (RF) and other techniques that were used to design the Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system. In this review we covered some but not all articles that was of great contact with our master's thesis research in this regard.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and Y be an unitary R-module. We say a non-zero submodule s of Y is a J – small semiprime if and only if for whenever i ∈ R, y ∈ Y,(Y) is small in Y and i²y ∈ S + Rad (Y) implies iy ∈ S. In this paper, we investigate some properties and characterizations of these class of submodules

In this work PANI/MgO nanocomposite thin films were prepared by situ oxidative polymerisation method under different hydrochloric acid (HCl) molarity. The PANI/MgO nanocomposite thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study the effect of HCL molarity on structural properties and functional groups for the prepared samples. The electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied, and it was found that the best molarity of the preparation is 1.5M where the conductivity value became 2.25 S.cm⁻¹.

The Maxwell distribution is a lifetime model, and it is used in many applications of physics and chemistry. In this paper, we suggest and study the pre-test Shrinkage Bayesian estimators of scale parameter for Maxwell distribution The equation of risk function and relative risk with respect classical estimator for the proposed estimators under squared error loss function (SELF). Using simulations, these estimators are compared in terms of the relative risk, which is accounted using the programming language R and the numerical results that showed performance of our estimators are compared with Bayesian classical estimator.

Transportation problems (TP) are one of the important problems in linear programming problems (LPP) that generally address the problems of transporting and distributing goods with the aim of achieving the largest profit or the lowest cost depending on the type of problem addressed. In this research study, a new technique was proposed to solve transportation problems with an objective function of the type of maximization that is used to achieve the highest possible profit. This technique was obtained by relying on a published research paper that deals with the same problem but with an objective function of the miniaturization type. The efficiency of this new technique was tested in terms of the type of results obtained when it was used to solve many transportation problems in life, and some of them were mentioned in this paper. After that, the solution results were compared using the proposed technique with the use of the three well-known classical methods which are NWCM, LCM, and VAM. Whereas, the results using the new technique were the required results that represent the optimal solution or close to the optimal solution.

In this paper, we create a relationship between network model and project management by using data of cost to the residential project. we solved these data by using the crisp network method(real data). After that, by using the same data we convert it to fuzzy data then the fuzzy data tested by trapezoidal membership function to be sure its belong to the duration [0,1], Proposed ranking function had solved the fuzzy network problem to the fuzzy data.

Solar radiation is the backbone for the existence of life on the earth. Its measurement is too expensive. Therefore, it has been great importance to propose an efficient method to use as a solar predictor based on other more readily available meteorological data. In this study, Linear regression method has been applied in two locations that have two different climates in Egypt, location A that has a coastal climate on the Mediterranean coast and location B that has a dry desert climate, using three weather vectors (minimum, maximum and average) of temperature values. The performance of the linear regression models provides better predictions for global solar radiation (GSRa) at different locations. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = (2.7716 and 2.9392) MJ m⁻² with Relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE) = (14.5962 and 14.0861) % in location A and B respectively. The accurate prediction results of the GSRa using this approach can be employed in the various purposes of the solar applications.

This research presents the concepts of compatibility and edge spaces in α-topological spaces, and introduces the α-topology combinatorially induced by the α-topology. Furthermore, studies the relationship between the α-topology on V ∪ E and the relative α-topology on V.

ZnO films with various thicknesses (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.3 μm) had been prepared on PPC plastic bases by using DC sputtering. XRD results showed that all the films displayed principally ZnO (002) peak at 2θ = 34.115°, 34.01, 34.16, 34.07 and 34.12° with FWHM of 0.41°, 0.34, 0.27, 0.21 and 0.368° respectively, which is coincide with wurtzite hexagonal phase, indicated that films were preferentially grown along c-axis. XRD results also showed that the lattice constant and the crystallite size for the deposited thin films became larger than those for the thick film 1.3 μm; while the stress and microstrain increased for the thick films.

Modern security systems are beginning using advanced technologies to detect any security breaches via a combination of devices, programming methods and notify security personnel of monitoring of any security breach, starting with people entering the building, ending with monitor the electronic archive in computers, monitor employees-customers calls, and banking accounts. Which consists of two stages, as the first stage relates to building an Arduino system to detect employees entering the building using the Arduino UNO, passive infrared sensor (PIR) hardware then requesting from the employee to go to the security audit platform to compare the face image with the database images using the viola-jones algorithm facial recognition program based on SURF algorithm. If the image is identical, he is allowed to enter and if the face image does not match the set of images in data set, he is asked to wait in the queries office. Also, the system can send all data to the central security authority with the date and times of entry for persons through the WhatsApp using Twilio IoT application.

Various forms of ψ-set corresponding to different cases of spaces were introduced in a previous studies and The relationships among them therefore the focus of the study in this paper is the nature of the effects that can be obtained by using proximity spaces when studying this type of set by investigated a new class of sets called ψδ-set and Fψ –set in i-topological proximity spaces.

In this work, a single fiber optic fiber was developed as a water pollution sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance Phenomenon based upon the Mach - Zehender Interferometry (MZI) technology. The sensor submitted was developed to detect water pollutants. The SPR sensors were prepared by coating a golden metallic film which thickness 42 nm on a chemically etched single-mode fiber with a thickness of 20 micrometers, which achieved the best results of sensitivity to water pollution, the results of the high sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor were obtained based on the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. The experimental results showed high sensitivity, reaching 1315 pm/mol.l⁻¹ for a salty solution with distilled water, 1705 pm/mol.l⁻¹ for the salty solution with tap water, as well as 2222 pm/mol.l⁻¹ for sugar solution with distilled water, and 1925 pm/mol.l⁻¹ for sugar solution with tap water. This means that these sensors which are based on SPR could be very useful in the field of water pollution detection.

Mathematical properties of the ensquared energy functions for apodized point-spread function (PSF) are presented. An expression of ensquared energy for the apodized point Spread function of the optical system with a circular aperture was derived using a parabolic apodized filter with a different arrangement N =1, 2,3,4. The results obtained were discussed graphically.

The spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method is an effective method to solve large-scale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. In this work, we propose a new SCG method in which performance is numerically analyzed. We established the descent property and global convergence conditions based on assumptions through the strongWolfe-Powell line search. Numerical results were performed using benchmark functions widely used in many conventional functions to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Subject Classification: 90C30, 90C06, 65K05, 65K10.

We investigated the Hankel determinant H₃ (1) for functionals in the analytic function class and obtained the sharp bound for the third Hankel determinant $|{e}_{3}{e}_{5}-{e}_{4}^{2}|$ for a subclass of analytic functions in this paper.

In this work, an attempt to produce a novel refractive index using mixing dielectric material. Composed of ZnS and MgF₂ with a different concentrate ratio using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of shots and energy were studied. Resulting indicate that flexibility refractive indexes can be obtained with optimum optical performance for optical coating application.

In this search, derivation a new even-power weighted generalized Exponential distributions with some statistical properties are discussed, such as [cumulative dist, probability generating function, moment generating function, reliability, and Entropy functions] and other properties The scale parameter for this dist. has been estimated, using two methods, [method of moment and maximum likelihood].and simulation study has been to compare by MSE criteria, for the performance of the two estimation.

The present study was designed to investigate some of the physiological effects in the blood of white male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in drinking water at a concentration of 0.5% for a period of 50 days and to compare it with the group exposed to ultraviolet rays at a rate of 6 watts per candle for a period of 50 days

First:- The results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05)in the group of rats exposed to radiation in the group of ultraviolet rays (18 watts) UV3 and hydrogen peroxide both when compared with the control group. In radical Peroxy nitrite level and in total white blood cell count and for both Ly % and GR%. The results also showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose.

Second:- There was a significant decrease at a significant level (P≤0.05)in the level of glutathione in the group of rats exposed to UV3 radiation and the hydrogen peroxide group alike when compared with the control group, with a significant decrease at a significant level of (P≤0.05)in the activity of the enzyme glutathione. Glutathione peroxidase and a significant decrease (P≤0.05)in the volume of packed blood cells, the hemoglobin value, the red blood cell count, and the platelet value, with a significant decrease of MO..%

Third:- The occurrence of signs of blurred vision in the eyes of the ultraviolet rays group with a strength (3 candles) in addition to the darkening of the tail in a clear and striking way and the lack of movement and activity compared to the hydrogen peroxide group and the rays group, the strength of one candle.

In this paper, a low-cost reverse-gliding arc three-dimensional reactor with local materials and a homemade voltage source was proposed. This system works by pumping out argon gas while mixing in atmospheric air. The spectral properties of the resulting arc were investigated, as well as the calculation of electron temperature and density. The process of mixing air with argon gas is a novel method for obtaining nitrogen gas at a low cost and with ease of access. Nitrogen gas has numerous applications, and the findings are promising for future applications.

The mathematical model is model show behavior for growth of Tip-tip anastomosis, Tip death hyphal death and we show the consumption energy. In general, To mathematical modeling to shorten the effort, time and mony to get the right result even though there is error ratio. In this paper we will study a mathematical model of branching using the solution of a system of partial equations (PDEs). The results of this solution will be describe a success or failure of the growth of the fungus species studied, and we used some codes in numerical analysis because some difficulty in direct mathematical solution.[2]

Over the last few years, security becomes more important in any communication system. Several techniques have been implemented to transfer information in a secure way. One of the most important encryption techniques used in security is encryption based on a chaotic system. In this paper, a security chaotic algorithm has been proposed, studied and implemented for encrypting a text message. This work based on using two levels of one-dimensional chaotic maps (logistic map) with different initial conditions. In the experimental process, the original text on the receiver side was decrypted correctly 100% (without any error). The key space measured by this system was (16×1064) which is greater than the minimum key space value necessary to resist any brute-force attack. Also another analysis has been studied in this paper proved that the time plays a very important limitation in the encryption. The time effect on the attacker during its attempts to obtain the original text was very large and it could not get the text in the real or nearly the real-time.

In this paper, We studied the case of growth of kinds of fungi when blend two kinds of hyphal anastomosis and Dichotomous branched with a hyphal death. These species consume all energy. We use mathematical models as partial differential equations (PDEs) which illustrate phenomena biological for each kind. we need Some time, that's true for the growth of fungi. To get an approximate solution for this system, we will rely on the numerical solution. For this, we need Some of the steps in this solution are stationary, phase, and traveling states Solution And to determine the initial condition. we will use the code and Thus we recognize the behavior of the kinds.

Recommendation technology is an essential component of the Internet of Things (IoT) services that can help users get information at any time and from any place. Traditional recommendation algorithms, on the other hand, are unable to satisfy the IoT environment's swift and reliable recommendation criteria. The use of mathematical and information discovery methods to overcome the relationship with target consumers in order to have desired items is known as a recommendation system. In this paper, a recommendation algorithm based on collaborative filtering is proposed. In this sense, the recommendation method (Recommender Systems) was developed; it is focused on the user's characteristics, such as hobbies, and it is recommended to satisfy the object's user specifications, also known as customized recommendation system (Personalized Recommender Systems), The majority of modern e-commerce recommender programs tend to recommend the best goods to a customer, believing that each product's properties remain constant. Some properties, such as price discounts, can, however, be customized to respond to the preferences of each customer..

Concentrations of heavy metals in gallstones samples gathered from different hospital were estimated via laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS (.Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the gallstone samples were achieved by using the locally developed LIBS set up equipped with Nd: YAG laser (Q-switched) at 1064 nm, pulse duration 9 ns and pulse energy 300 mJ. Quantitative analysis was performed for Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and As based on calibration curve constructed from the correlation between the intensity of the LIBS emission lines and the concentration of each element measured by AAS. It was noticed that the percentage of copper, zinc, and manganese was higher in pigment samples higher than in mixed samples, and that it was not present in the cholesterol samples. However, chromium and cadmium elements were present in a high percentage in cholesterol samples and higher than other types of gallstones. The most important conclusion was that heavy elements such as Pb and As were present in the samples of smoking patients. The relative errors for all samples were in the range of (1.5-7.8) %.

A trust-region spectral (TRS) technique is important strategy to solve optimization problems. In this work, a new modification of (TRS) is introduced by using a new trust-region radius (TRR). We proved the global convergence of the new algorithm. The numerical experiment were made by comparing the proposed algorithm with famous algorithms depending on the number of iterations, time required to find the solution and functions evaluation. Based on these results, we can conclude that the proposed algorithm is better than the three algorithms that were compared with.

Path Loss (PL) models are an essential factor affecting the network design and its operation. With different environmental conditions, interpreting the PL characteristics in an open environment is a complex problem. In this work, the propagation of LoRa technology in a campus is investigated in order to propose an accurate PL model. The measurements are taken place in two outdoor regions of the Electrical Engineering Technical College in Baghdad, Iraq. Measured field data correlates with global propagation models, demonstrating that ERICSON model results after an evaluation are likely to produce positive results. Different environment conditions make the global PL models difficult to generalize, yield some errors between the measured and estimated PL. For addressing this downside, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been based to develop the model parameters, hence matching the model to reality. The ERICSON model's parameters have been improved to the best fit with measured data, and the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is gained equals to 3.7168dB and 5.4030dB for the two adopted regions.

This study was the synthesis of CuO NPs) using Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extracts and CuCl. Copper Oxide CuO prepared by simple a chemical method. Analytical techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), XRD and SEM (XRD analyses confirmed the characterization of the prepared CuO NPs. (XRD) measurements that the (CuO) thin film was poly-crystalline and there is no trace of the other material. Crystallite sizes 18.99nm calculated using the Scherrer's equation. SEM was used to estimate the average diameter CuO NPs was less than 100 nm. From the optical properties the energy gap was 5eV. This study focused on effect of CuO on the Antifungal and different type of bacterial. CuO had an inhibitory effect against fungal more than bacterial

In this paper, we introduce a new class of multivalent harmonic functions defined by liner operator ${H}_{p}^{\lambda }$, we instigate functions in this class have a variety of properties. The bounds for coefficients, distortions, convolution, convex combination, and extreme point are all given.

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding data known as a watermark into a multimedia object so that the watermark can later be identified or recovered to claim its object. The use of an embedded watermark would enable the owner of the work hardware to be identified. In the proposed method the Particle-Swarm-Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been applied to embed a binary watermark bit in the optimal color sub-bands, resulting in a less extreme value after the PSO point. The embedding level, which uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to embed binary bits in the resulted image in the low-frequency domain, must be able to withstand intended attacks while maintaining high quality, as well as assess image authentication and localize tampering areas (s). Various consistency metrics and watermark removal attacks are used to evaluate the algorithm in an experimental environment. The results show that the model can support imperceptible watermarking as well as high attack resistance.

In this work we try to learm T_D – space and reach to relation between T_D – space with T0 – spaces and T0 - Alexandroff spaces and then try to get some properties of T_D – spaces and prove them.

Predicting the release of information deals with the path of publishing a news or information or topic in a structural data such as a graph. Researchers in this field seek to solve the following questions by providing methods for predicting the path of publication: 1-Which information or topics that are most common, 2-Why, how and in what Information path will be published and will be published in the future? And 3-Which network member has an important role in the dissemination process? Machine learning is an area which has been very helpful recently in order to answer such questions. Machine learning as an artificial intelligence subset presents so acceptable to predict the dissemination of information. Since predicting novel users who are in information flow is the process of diagnostic, the issue is able to be solved by the algorithms of Machine learning.

Nowadays, the consumption of homes is around 40% of the total world consumption. Furthermore, 21% of the total greenhouse gas emissions are produced by homes. The emergence of smart grids has presented new opportunities for home energy management (HEM) systems for the purpose of reducing energy in the residential sector. Demand response (DR) tool that curtails and shifts demand to enhance the consumption of energy at home. It usually creates optimal schedules for energy consumption by considering load profiles, the cost of energy, level of comfort people, and environmental concerns. The deployment of smart meters, it is possible to control the load by using HEM system with demand response (DR) enabled appliances. Without a proper system, it is difficult to efficiently control the energy in houses. In this work, a Neural Network technique as a controller to control the energy in the building with DR strategy is developed to control and reduce peak demand load. Reduce the electricity cost and power consumption for the appliances while maintaining customer comfort is the motivation of this work. The electrical appliance such as air conditioning (AC), electric water heater (WH), washing machine (WM), and refrigerator (RF) were modeled using the Matlab program. The designed model can make an accurate decision in scheduling and shifting the operation of the electrical appliance at the peak time by scheduling the s domestic household at a specific time with no affecting the customer's preference.

The objective of this paper is steganography of data in images, after transform this image in any manner. Because in present to increases of social media, and internet and web networks. Therefore, it can need data security during transmit between sender and receiver. It will be proposed system for more security consisted of many phases. The first is compression image in two dimension Haar wavelet transform 2D-HWT to reduce size of image, in next is converts image to conformal mapping, and final hide secret message in image conformal mapping. The outcomes were obtained from a set of tests PSNR, MSE, Correlation Coefficient and entropy. The suggested system has excellent and efficiency, robustness, transparency, high security, and good capacity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 was announced after unidentified pneumonia was discovered in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread around the world (COVID-19). This outbreak has claimed the lives of so many people. It has a long-term negative impact on public health. The goal of this study is to develop an intelligent computer-aided system that can detect positive COVID-19 cases automatically, which can help with daily medical problems. The proposed system is based on the convolution neural network (CNN) architecture and can automatically expose discriminative features on chest X-ray images due to its convolution with rich filter families and weight-sharing characteristics. As a deep feature extractor, the CNN model SqueezeNet was used. The extracted deep discriminative features were fed machine Decision Tree, Random Forest, Neural Network (NN), Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and k-nearest neighbor learning algorithms. As a result, the NN classifier with an accuracy of 97.24 per cent, a sensitivity of 0.9724, a specificity of 0.9858, and an F-score of 0.972 provided the most effective results. The high detection performance obtained in this study demonstrates the utility of deep CNN features and an NN classifier approach for detecting COVID-19 cases in CXR images. With the current resources, this would be hugely beneficial in speeding up disease diagnosis.

Inthis paper, Z-Radical of module and Z-Lifting module and Z-local module are defined as ageneralization of radical of module and lifting module and local module. Where anR-module E has amaxima submodule define $\begin{array}{l}\boldsymbol{\rm{Rad}}(\boldsymbol{\rm{E}})=\cap \{\boldsymbol{\rm{N}}\lt \boldsymbol{\rm{E}}:\boldsymbol{\rm{N}}\,\boldsymbol{\rm{is}}\,\boldsymbol{\rm{maximal}}\,\boldsymbol{\rm{with}}\,\boldsymbol{\rm{N}}\supseteq {\boldsymbol{\rm{Z}}}_{2}(\boldsymbol{\rm{E}})\}\\ {\rm{z}}\end{array}$. An R-module E iscalled Z-lifting if forany submodule N of E, there exists submodules X, H of E suchthat E = X⨁H with X ≤ N and N ∩ H «_zN. anR-module ग iscalled Z-local if $\begin{array}{l}\boldsymbol{\rm{Rad}}(\boldsymbol{\rm{E}}){\ll }_{\text{z}}\boldsymbol{\rm{E}}\\ {\rm{z}}\end{array}$ and $\begin{array}{l}\boldsymbol{\rm{Rad}}(\boldsymbol{\rm{E}})\\ \boldsymbol{\rm{z}}\end{array}$ is maximal. Several properties of these modules are proved.

The current study was conducted to reveal the most important parameters of the plasma which are the temperature and density of the electron, the plasma response, the Debye length and the number of particles inside the Debye sphere of the cadmium sulfide by a spectrometer. The results of the electron temperature (Te) and the electron density (ne) were discussed. The results of the cadmium sulfide plasma were discussed. It is generated by using the explosive wire and with different currents.

The effects of deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) on full brightness, and color matching functions of Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were studied. Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the deep casting method. The variation of CIE chromaticity coordinates for PVP/DNA films with increasing Ethidium bromide dye concentration values are determined. The CIE 1931 color space move to the magenta region. The results indicate that Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films have potential promising material for optical device applications and candidates used for LEDs pumped by UV chips and applied in many advanced technologies.

The hybrid optimization technique is used to design a low-pass infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filter, to improve the coefficients of adaptive IIR digital filter, thus ensure stability. In this paper, the newly technique of hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. This technique is a dynamic and static topology with a PSO algorithm, which called dynamic and static PSO (DS-PSO) algorithm. In the simulation, the low-pass IIR digital filter 8th order is designed. The fitness function problem is discussed based on values of the ripple of the passband, a ripple of the stopband, and a transition band. Thus, the proposed algorithm results are compared with previous studies results. From results comparison, results have shown the convergence rate with the DS-PSO algorithm outperformed the convergence rates using fuzzy gravitational search algorithm (FGSA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and differential evolution (DE) with mean values of 55.21%, 57.80%, and 70.40%, respectively.

The assignment problems (AP) are an important part of linear programming problems (LPP) that deal with the allocation of different resources for different activities based on one to one. The assignment problem is established in a variety positions when decision makers need to determine the optimal allocation and this means assigning only one task to one person to achieve maximum profits or imports or achieve less time or less cost based on the type of problem. In this work, a new technique has been provided to find an optimal solution for the assignment problems of maximization objective function. Comparing the proposed technique results with the Hungarian method indicates that the new technique has easier and less steps to find the optimal solution and thus the time is reduced and the effort is largely reduced.

This work has the objective to analyse the initial growth of interface and structure of nonnegative weak solution for one-dimensional parabolic p-Laplacian type diffusion-convection with non-positive convection coefficient c. In this situation, the interfaces may expand, shrink or remain stationary relying on the competition between these two factors. In this paper, we concentrate on three regions to classify the behavior of local solutions near the asymptotic interface in the irregular domain. In the first and second regions, the slow diffusion dominates over the convection term with expanding interfaces under some restrictions. In the third region, the slow diffusion dominates over the convection, but the interfaces have a waiting time. In our proof, the rescaling method and blow-up techniques are applied.

- With the widespread usage of the internet around the world, both public and private data are now widely disseminated on the internet. The security of these online records is a pressing issue that must be addressed immediately. Text watermarking is a technique for adding watermarks to text documents to help preserve their authenticity and credibility. For many years, text watermarking has been a hot topic of research. This paper describes a new method for embedding text in a picture that uses a radon transform-based Barker code to make the device more reliable and ensure that the text is returned without error. The main advantages of this research are the high security and the big capacity of data to be hiding since the use of radon transform is very helpful in extracting the data. All the image noise does not effect on the stego-image except the paper and salt noise effect on Root Mean Square (RMS) since its value is 0.274 and contract enhancement effect on RMS and Mean Square Error (MSE) by the values 0.586 and 0.343 respectively. Also the SSIM value is very acceptable since there is an obvious similarity between the original image and the stego-image (after stegonagraphy process).

Atherosclerosis is a condition that affects the walls of arteries repeatedly; blood vessel blockage caused by atherosclerosis is a frequent cause of heart attack and stroke. The use of Doppler change, a recent advancement in ultrasound technology, would improve its function by improving accuracy. Blood flow measurement is crucial because it can aid in the early detection of many diseases. One of these diseases is atherosclerosis, which has been researched using the ultrasound Doppler scattering method to measure blood flow average velocity in the dorsal artery of the foot. The study's findings revealed that age and diabetes had a greater impact than other factors such as medical history, high blood pressure, and triglycerides.

Silver nanoparticles were prepared on glass substrates at room temperature using four different deposition times (10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes). The dc magnetron sputtering technique is used to prepare the surface, with thicknesses of (30, 40, 50, and 60) nm, respectively. The effect of deposition times on the microstructure and morphology of the surface of deposited thin films was examined. Moreover, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the structural properties and morphological characterization of sputtered films. Parameters such as crystallite size are also measured. The research indicates that the XRD pattern has a polycrystalline structure with a preference for orientation along the (111) axis. The AFM images confirmed that the thin films shaped uniformly distributed spherical particles (in terms of size). Finally, increasing the film thickness causes the average surface roughness of the films to increase between (2.6-11.6) nm.

A simulation of chaos-synchronization of unidirectionally open-loop master-slave configuration semiconductor lasers is introduced. We consider three scenarios, both lasers are single-mode, multi-mode lasers, with three modes where the interaction is between each mode of transmitter with the corresponding mode of the receiver, and the third scenario is for 5 modes. The simulation was focused on the influences of frequency-detuning of different values of coupling strength for two types of synchronization, anticipating synchronization (AS) and isochronous synchronization (IS). The simulation results demonstrate that scenarios are sensitive to the frequency-detuning between transmitter's and receiver's lasers. So, the suitable increasing of coupling strength is a necessary solution to decrease the frequency-detuning effect and saving synchronization with significantly broad high-quality, which means excellent feasibility.

In this research support vector machine (SVM) method apply to classify the satellite image and produce land use and land cover (LULC) map. The used data is the multispectral Landsat-8 OLI satellite image with a spatial resolution of (30 × 30)m². However, the Karbala city was the study area. The SVM Applied with the default parameters of Kernel type, gamma in kernel function, penalty parameter and classification probability threshold. The SVM method achieved high accuracy in separating the categories of the study area based on the test samples collected from the study area in the Karbala province, Iraq. The classification training sites were selected based on visual interpretation and Google Earth Program. The image classification carried for six classes of the study area (Urban Area, Vegetation Area, Soil-1, Soil-2, Water Bodies and Roads). The results show a good accuracy of using SVM method based on relying on the capabilities and the precision of each pixel within the categories. The result evaluation was performed using the confusion matrix, the Kappa coefficient and the overall were 0.89 and 90.61% respectively. The SVM method is able to classify the land use and land cover of the study area with good and accurate results.

In this study, a new gradient projection technique has been proposed that consists of three boundaries with achieving the unadulterated descent feature. In this technique, we worked on combining the conjugate gradient algorithm with projection techniques to obtain a new algorithm for solving a wide range of unconstrained optimization problems. We have established global convergence with some hypotheses, and it has become clear to us through our results that the new formula is good and promised.

In this paper, devoted to prove some random fixed points theorems under Fibonacci sequence, random common fixed points under Fibonacci sequence and stability results of random iteration schemes under Fibonacci sequence.

In the context of uniformly convex separable Banach spaces, we implement an iterations scheme under Fibonacci sequence for approximating common random fixed points of two asymptotically nonexpansive random operators, and define weak and strong convergence results for common random fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive random operator.

In sense of the phenomena of mirror effects, the behavior of electrons inside the chamber of scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigated. Indeed, a simplified geometrical explanation for the behavior of incident electrons introduced. The presented description is mainly concerns with simple trigonometric functions. However, the synthesis of these functions provide a tool which can be used to trace electron as it leaves the column diaphragm until it reaches the detectors. Accordingly, the position of landing electrons throughout its travel being determinable in terms of the sample potential the operation variables. Results have shown that introduced approach could commendably use to simulate behavior of electrons inside the chamber of SEM.

In this research, we use the Euler's equation formula that constitutes a linear system and it's application in bank audits. The solution of the systems can be obtained by Novel transformation.

Study of uncorrected and corrected Yukawa Potential show that at both Yukawa potential have same nature but strength is different. The strength of uncorrected Yukawa potential is identical at short range while corrected Yukawa potential strength is not identical at short range. Moreover, the strength of uncorrected and corrected Yukawa potential has the same strength at long distances when separated from each other. Uncorrected Yukawa potential is study gives more detail at a short distance while corrected not give such detail at the same distance, for considered elementary particles masses less than the mass of meson. The solution of corrected Yukawa potential show depends upon the quantum number and distance separation between two elementary particles masses less than meson.

In this work, the time rest time of incidence photon on reflecting surface before going to the motion was calculated for a visible photon of wavelength (380nm to 750nm) be found in between 1.27fs to 2.50fs. This time is also known as the time needed for a visible photon to come rest from motion and motion from rest from the reflection surface, for the same photon. This times shows how long a photon are in rest on the surface and then come motion or non-rest photon. More clearly one can understand the decay time of photon that rest to non-rest and non-rest to rest, self-energy time, mass variance time, quantization time and other information related to time. On other hand, the variation of mass of photon with time closure the surface is also studied.

Let R be associative ring with unit element and X be unitary right R-module. In this work, we introduce the definition of the concept small-essentially pseudo injective module (shortly, S-Ess-pseudo injective). Many properties of this concept are introduced and also we are consider some of their characterizations. Furthermore, we are studied the relation between our concept and some known R-modules and give some results on their endomorphism rings.

CdS nanosheets are synthesized via the chemical bath deposition method (CBD) using three different Cd/S molar ratios for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), as an example of an organic pollutant. The resulting nanosheets were characterized by XRD, FESEM, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The XRD data analysis for prepared powder resulted in mixed phases of zinc-blende and wurtzite in all different Cd/S molar ratios with average crystalline size increased from (50.9 nm to 59.7 nm). The as-prepared CdS shows an absorbance edge increased from (340 nm, to 490). The value of the bandgap decreased from (2.6 eV to 2.3 eV) with an increasing molar ratio. Increasing molar ratio also leads to high and stable photocatalytic with high degradation efficiency (92.7-98.4) % after 150 min of sunlight irradiation.

Graphical Abstract

In this paper, we present a new class of sets known as A₁I_d (n) set, B₁I_d (n) set, A₂I_d (n) set, B₂I_d(n)set, PI_d(n)set, αI_d(n)set, A*I_d(n)set, PRI_d(n)set, and other forms of sets in ideal nánotopological, and we review some of their properties as well as the relationships between them and the associated properties.

Cadmium oxide thin films was deposited by thermal oxidation method, on glass substrate with the thickness (300 ∓ 10)nm and deposition rate (1.25)nm/sec. The films doped with the (In) with the different ratios(l,2,3)%. The topographic and morphology structures of films are characterized by(XRD), (SEM) and (AFM) techniques. XRD investigation showed all films have polycrystalline structures with the preferred orientation (111) plane. The results of microscopic testing proved that presence the nanostructures and all the films were homogeneous and smooth, with a characteristic nano grain size, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which show that fact formation of all nanostructures with different shapes and grain size. In addition, the results of atomic force microscope (AFM) show that presence nanostructures and there is effect of In-dopant on the root mean square (RMS) roughness of the films, where it increases while the grain size decreases with the increasing of In-dopant.

The purpose of this research paper is to look into Jordan generalized higher reverse derivations on prime Γ-semirings. We begin by introducing a generalized hígher reverse derivations and a Jordan generalized hígher reverse derivations in Γ–semirings. For a 2-torsion free prime Γ-semiring M in the sense that 𝑎𝜆 Ϧβ ƈ = 𝑎 βϦ 𝜆ƈ for all 𝑎, Ϧ, ƈ ∈M and ᵶ β ∈Γ we prove that every Jordan generalized hígher reverse derivations of M is a generalized hígherlreverse derivations of M.

The main purpose of this paper is to define generalized Γ-n-derivation, study and investigate some results of generalized Γ-n-derivation on prime Γ-near-ring G and K be a nonzero semi-group ideal of G which force G to be a commutative ring.

Assessment of link budget estimation for TIGRISAT Low Earth Orbit satellite and its communication with ground station located in Baghdad/Iraq is introduced in this article. Communication link between the satellite and the ground station depends on various propagation parameters and losses which are either constant or variable. Uplink and downlink design parameters were considered. Simulation results show a linear behaviour between isotropically radiated power and received power in uplink and downlink respectively. Simulation outcomes illustrate how the precise amount of dust attenuation over Iraq dwindles the carrier to noise ratios as concerned with uplink and downlink in turn. In order to present high data rates telecommunication between a satellite at LEO and the earth station, this article reviews link budget requirements, besides for futuristic signal impairments consideration for enhancing transceiving performance for Tigrisat [11].

Attributable to the probability of rapidly increasing numbers of diabetic patients in the world, and due to the effect of COVID-19 virus and the hazardous of life-jeopardizing critical cases that require continuous nursing monitoring the glucose level (CNMGL). The contamination possibility and the pain of the traditional measuring systems limiting the number of blood glucose checking, which decreases the diabetic patient controlling their blood glucose level (BGL). Now the indigency for a non-invasive glucose detecting system (NIGDS) is highly praised. The aim of the review of the NIGMS and their challenges to the future transcend these challenges. The last reviews of NIGDS discuss the measuring system concerned with their techniques but this study has been reviewing the detection system by their measuring site and collects the complication of measuring systems in each site. The main contribution of our works is to demonstrate that all the previous studies of glucose detection systems depend on the invasive calibration for each patient before starting the measurements due to the high numbers of parameters that interfere with glucose measurements. Toward NIGDS that is wearable and monitors the patient blood glucose continuously.

The time to extinction (TTE) is very important topic in some fields of studies; ecology, economics, corporate competition, bacterial sciences and epidemiology. The aim of the present paper is to investigate about the empirical parametric and empirical nonparametric probability distribution of the time to extinction for two related stochastic models; Rosenzweig and Macarthur model and May model. First, we assume the amplitude of r is a random variable with a continuous uniform probability distribution on a closed interval [r₁, r₂]. Second, we assume the number of consecutive years' during which the amplitude of r remains constant is a random variable with a discrete geometric probability distribution with parameter p which is supported on a positive integer ₊ and p ∈ (0,1).

In this paper, the Fuzzy Nanofluid Model (FNFM) used to develop a fuzzy analysis investigation on heat transfer optimal performance at different Nanofluids flow rate. The fuzzy Nanofluid model is applied to examine the effects of heat transfer parameters on heat transfer performance. Silicon Oxide SiO₂ Nanofluid is used to explain their effects on heat transfer by two methods traditional and fuzzy (with two shapes of member ship function triangular and trapezoidal). This study evaluates the effects of nanoparticles SiO₂ with different value of particle concentration PC (0.0-4.0%) using the water as a base fluid. This investigation covers a Reynolds number (Re) in the range of (100-500) as a flow rate (FR) for laminar flow. The main objective of present research, first one, compared a developed FNFM model with traditional model (TM) and determines how fuzzy model plays a significant role in prediction of Heat Transfer performance. Second one, to provide developed methodology for performance evaluation of heat transfer by connecting more than one parameter to a single output which is invaluable supplements relative to classical models. Third one, a developed FNFM can be used as a help tool for decision making to get the best judge (optimum) the performance of any system. The results of fuzzy model showed the heat transfer of SiO₂/H₂O Nanofluids significantly increased the PC compared with the increase in FR. However, however, using this method, there will be no need to resort to solving complex equations to arrive at a representation of the performance of any system. Finally, the study shows that fuzzy model plays significant role in prediction of heat transfer investigation without the complexity of mathematical tradition models. The correlations coefficients R² between TM and FNFM models for heat transfer coefficient (0.97) and the average relative error (ε) is ((4.4%). FNFM models can predict heat transfer characteristics with higher accuracy than that of the traditional model.

Problem determining the dynamics of changes in the structures of temporal directed tree is one of the central problems of graph dynamics, i.e. the changes in the similarity of temporal directed tree structures, which is the subject of this research. Two types of problems associated with determining the distance or similarity index for a pair of structures of temporal directed tree are identified. A method for solving these problems is proposed, and example of solution is given.

In this paper the we study the oscillation and asymptotic behavior of second-order Half linear neutral differential equations. some basic and necessary and sufficient condition are established for every solution of $(b(t)[z(t)+\mu k(t)z(\sigma (t))\text{'}]\alpha )\text{'}+h(t){z}^{\alpha }(\tau (t))=0;\mu =\pm 1,\,t\ge {t}_{0},$, to insure the convergence of all nonoscillatory solutions to zero or tends to infinity as Some examples are given to illustrate the main results.

-The perturbation theory is one of the tricks or tools used mathematically to find approximate solutions to fluctuating problems for which no accurate solutions can be found. In this paper we will deal with a number of basic concepts related to perturbation theory, including regular perturbation and singular perturbation, and then apply these tricks or tools theoretically to ordinary first and second order differential equations for regular perturbation using the asymptotic expansion method, which is considered one of the most important methods used to find approximate solutions of perturbation equations.

The sol-gel method was used to create N-doped TiO₂. From the characterization results, it was found that N-doped TiO₂ using Titanium(IV) ammonia solution and calcination tetraisopropoxide 600 K provided the most appropriate properties for acting as the photo catalyst can be use as inhibitor of GST. SEM, AFM and XRD results indicated that this N-doped TiO₂ catalyst had high crystallinity because its titania precursor was simply hydrolyzed completely so no organic contents blocked initial phase construction. SEM and AFM results demonstrated that its surface morphology was spherical like fluffy powders. Moreover, with increasing calcination temperature, its anatase-to-rutile phase transformation was retarded by the incorporated nitrogen. Elemental Analysis and UV-Vis/DR results also suggested that nitrogen could be dormant in the TiO₂ lattice with strong bonds, causing the effect on the band gap structure by adding energy states nearly valence band of TiO₂. All of these properties enhanced the photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO₂ under visible light. Regarding the photocatalytic activity, N-doped TiO₂ with ammonia solution of titanium(IV), calcinated 600 K Tetraisopropoxide succeeded in degrading glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes, with the highest efficiency. However, its photocatalytic activity was drastically decreased when it was calcined at higher temperature. Additionally, the plausible mechanism was also proposed in case of photo degradation of antioxidant content based on two detected intermediates by The association between ln Co/C and photo degradation period (h).

The interaction of human hemoglobin with environmental and other gases and molecules is investigated using density functional theory. The investigation includes gases and molecules such as O₂, N₂, Ar, CO₂, H₂O, CO, and Cl₂. Thermodynamic quantities usually include Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. These thermodynamic quantities can be used to distinguish how much strong these molecules are bonded to hemoglobin. The interaction with the two different heme molecules, singlet and triplet states, is shown. Results show that the bonding strength differs greatly between these gases. Most of the investigated molecules remain at their monoatomic, diatomic, or triatomic structure except for O₂ and Cl₂ that may dissociate into two atoms attached to hemoglobin. The Gibbs free energy of interaction of these atoms and molecules reveals the toxicity of some of these gases, such as CO and Cl₂.

In this paper, we define anew notion namely Primely Compressible module relative to a submodule N of M denoted by (N-Pri-Compressible) also, anew generalizations of Primely Compressible relative to a submodule are introduced where a module M is known as (N-Pri-Compressible) if for all nonzero submodule K of M such that contains N, and N be a nonzero Prime submodule of M. there exists a nonzero monomorphism f: M → K. Many connections between these classes and others have been investigated.

The aim of this study is to look into the influence of CdO NPs on antimicrobial activity. Green synthesis has been used to produce CdO nanoparticles from cadmium acetate and the Crocus plant in this study. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles of CdO thin materials were studied (optic, structural, and topographical of surface), it found that the CdO thin film is poly-crystalline and has multiple peaks. The size of crystallite of film calculated by the Scherrer's formula. The disk method used to test antimicrobial activity against two bacteria; the observed areas of inhibition confirm that the as-synthesized CdO NPs act as an important antimicrobial agent against pathogenic microorganisms.

In this paper, we have a tendency to tried to explore the challenges in implication of E-Learning and its benefits and downsides. There are some problems for not implementing E-Learning as there's some lacking's of understanding concerning E-Learning to the teacher additionally the scholars and have some issue that bothers to just accept E-Learning instead of ancient learning surroundings, and our main target is to seek out the explanation behind at purpose there's some opinion concerning the challenges for not implementing E-Learning. E-Learning surroundings is principally an online bases platform in academic section mistreatment technology, the aspects of E-Learning surroundings is mistreatment digital tools in courses of study, it presents the ways, tasks, and therefore the connections between a course structure and introduced new assessment in numerous stages. The aim of this study is to spot what challenges or that factors are the explanation for not applying E-Learning normally additionally it'll concentrate on what challenges lecturers and what issues students suffers in learning through virtual policy separately by this it'll helps to seek out the views of E-Learning of lecturers and student each. currently a day's E-Learning is known in academic sites. E-Learning surroundings is principally student targeted. It's essentially virtual resource area, wherever student should get to be liable for their own work, because it may be a self-format study therefore student should have privy to their responsibility. I attempted to explore the challenges in implication E-Learning, because the outcome is affirmative there are some problems for not implementing E-Learning as there's some lacking's of understanding concerning E-Learning to the teacher additionally the scholars and have some issue that bothers to just accept E-Learning instead of ancient learning surroundings, and my main target is to seek out the explanation behind at purpose there's some opinion concerning the challenges for not implementing E-Learning.

The concentrations-dependent refractive index n₂ and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β of Ethidium bromide dye-doped deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) solutions in the SDL regime at 532 nm are reported. The Z-scan technique was performed in two ways and two different wavelengths, 532nm and 473nm, the open aperture technique and the closed aperture technique. From open aperture Z-scan measurements it is found that the Ethidium bromide doped deoxyribonucleic acid films exhibited reverse saturable absorption. The coefficient of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption coefficient at 473nm wavelength is greater than at 532nm.

In this works, CdTe was deposited on glass and Si substrates using thermal evaporation techniques. CdTe has been investigated from the properties (structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical). XRD analyses found the monocrystallite, cubic structure of the CdTe thin film and there is no trace of the other material. UV-Vis measurements indicate that 1.51 eV was found the energy gap of the CdTe thin film. Ag/CdTe/Si/Ag The heterojunction Photodetector has two response peaks located at 450 nm and 900 nm with a maximum sensitivity and detectivity of Ag/CdTe/Si/Ag 0.22 A/W and 3.1×10¹² respectively.

This paper concentrate on restricting the gap between the error term of |N_p(x) – τx} and itself in Riemann hypothesis. Also, enhancing an algorithm in different technique to generate a primitive weird number from any sufficient large real x.

Today's time series analysis is one of the most important statistical methods in forecasting, and it has been used in many economic, industrial, commercial and science fields, by representing time series characterized by long-term memory that helps predict future predictions and make appropriate and accurate decisions. In this research, we study prediction by relying on time series data for births in Basra Governorate. Using fuzzy-ARFIMA models and comparing them with each other using evaluation criteria (AIC& BIC) and (Adjust R-squared) for prediction, which are calculated using Eviews version (10), and Fuzzy-ARFIMA (12,0.104,12) was found. It is the best because it has the lowest values for (AIC & BIC) and the highest value for (Adjust R-squared), and also the highest forecasting efficiency because it has the lowest values for prediction accuracy scales (MAE& RMSE) and was chosen as the best model for predicting the future of monthly births in Basra

With the vast amount of data and information difficult to deal with, especially in the health system, machine learning algorithms and data mining techniques have an important role in dealing with data. In our study, we used machine learning algorithms with thyroid disease. The goal of this study is to categorize thyroid disease into three categories: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and normal, so we worked on this study using data from Iraqi people, some of whom have an overactive thyroid gland and others who have hypothyroidism, so we used all of the algorithms. Support vector machines, random forest, decision tree, naïve bayes, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), linear discriminant analysis. To classification of thyroid disease.

Currently huge amount of data used to stored, extracted and transacted via various stand alone and internet based applications. These applications are extended towards the verticals like huge databases, data warehouses, cloud computing services and various client-server applications. In all these applications important data used to float day in day out. Therefore preserving user authentication & access control is extremely important aspect of information security. Here an attempt is made to generate an implicit authentication system using multi-share visual key cryptography which will generate strong password keys by using images. Initially various images will be fused to form a resultant image than on this fused visual key cryptography will be performed which will provide multiple shares, out of these one of the share is selected to generate strong password strings/keys to accomplish the task of access control or user authentications.

Synthesis of IONPS by mixing leek extract with iron chloride salt. By simple chemical process, with Change in PH which has a variety of effects on the optical and structural properties of IONPs. The iron oxide NPs were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV–vis techniques. XRD results showed average Crystallite size changed from (23.23) nm to (20.70) nm as pH was increased from 1.6 to 12. The particle size of (a-Fe2O3) NPs was about (101.60) nm in SEM pictures, but as the PH increased, the particle size decreased to(34.30) nm. UV–vis measurements showed energy band increased from ( 3.33-5.62) eV. Antimicrobial activity of iron oxide NPs was determined by growth inhibition zones of the gram negative bacteria E.coli, Klebseilla spp and gram-positive bacteria S.aureus, S.epidermidis and fungal Candida albicans. It found the zones for (a-Fe2O3) NPs when PH 1.6 was between (12-14) mm. The zones for (a-Fe2O3) NPs when PH 12 was between (12-13) mm.

The increasing daily use of virtual currency (cryptocurrency) is being adopted worldwide for many legal and illegal transactions. Cryptocurrency technology operates on a network that allows people to make payments around the world without any middleman. Since the technology was first developed, it became popular, and the price of cryptocurrencies started to rise and became unstable. In terms of the returns gained from investing in cryptocurrencies, they have been huge in recent times, but there has always been a question about their existence and reliability. A cryptocurrency is a digital process that relies on the use of an encryption system for security primarily. Despite the challenges and problems facing cryptocurrencies, the success of Bitcoin has led several companies to search for alternative digital currencies. This paper tries to compare two cryptocurrencies - Bitcoin (BTC) and Litecoin (LTC) with respect to their stability and understanding its trends in the recent period.

Deep Learning is a function of AI that duplicates the mechanisms of human thought in the processing of information and selection processes. The aim of this study is to apply a technology known as SVMHTMC to improve deep learning. The HTM Cortical Learning Approach and the Support Vector Machine have been combined in this suggested algorithm. The deep learning technique is based on the assumption that the mean absolute percentage error is reduced. Aside from the overlapping duty cycle, the high proportion of which shows the speed of the classifier's processing function. The findings demonstrate that by halving the value, the suggested set of criteria minimizes the absolute proportion of mistakes. In addition, raise the percentage of overlapping duty cycles by 17%.

Cloud infrastructure is a modern computing system in which pooled services are made available to users at various times depending on their demands. The process of distributing workload among computing system nodes is known as load balancing. Loads include things like CPU power; ram capacity, and network traffic. A well-balanced load avoids the situation when some nodes are fully loaded while others are inactive or not working. Where there are many tasks in a virtual machine (VM), these tasks are delegated to underutilize VMs in the same or a separate datacenter. Modified Round Robin and Modified Honey Bee Algorithms are proposed in this article for effective load balancing based on honey bee and Round Robin foraging activity to control load through VMs. Tasks taken from VMs that are crowded are viewed as honey bees. In the suggested method which is a circular ribbon, filled VMs are considered. In order to ensure a fast responding time and a minimum number of task migrations, the planned protocol also explores the aims of tasks in VM queues. The results of the test indicate that the quality of service has improved considerably (QoS).

The multicollinearity is the one of the important and contained problems in regression analysis, because its effect on model estimators, the problem is that the independent variables are so closely related that the results of the regression are not clear, the aim of this research is to solve the problem of multicollinearity. one of the solutions get of this problem has deal with, which is the ridge regression of least absolute deviation (LAD) estimators, by adding a proposed a ridge parameter which is considered as contribution to solving the problem of multicollinearity by modify B M Golam Kibria (${\widehat{K}}_{MED}$) then compared it between them. The (${\widehat{K}}_{CN}$) is the best estimator by simulation study and mean square error (MSE) critical.

Using the ion mirror image (IMIM) technique, a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope is used to investigate the charging phenomenon of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The effect of the experimental chamber's finite size is studied using classical scattering theory. We test the widely held belief that the method tests the radius of curvature of the equipotential by performing a thorough calculation of the Ion orbits in the presence of extended sources. We show that, near to the chamber walls, the field lines bend until they are normal to the walls, the field is small, and the ion orbit is unaffected, as well as how to get rid of the "mirror effect".

Lithium oxide Li₂O was synthesized by two green synthesis methods using two plants saffron and turmeric. Then the Li₂O colloidal is deposite on p-type porous Si substrate p-PSi and n-type porous silicon substrate n-PSi to fabricate Al/Li₂O/p-PSi/pSi/Al heterojunction and Al/Li₂O/n-Psi/nSi/Al heterojunction. The morphological studies were measured by X-Ray Diffraction XRD getting an average crystallite size 34.7 nm for green synthesized saffron and 31.36 nm average crystallite size in case of green synthesized turmeric. Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM was about 80 nm size in case of saffron and about 55 nm. Fourier Transformation Infra-Red FT-IR was nearly the same in both cases. Optical measurement UV-visible occurred by calculating the transmittance and absorbance spectra and finally IV-in dark and IV under illumination were measured for the application of a heterojunction as a solar cell.

The characteristics of the cadmium sulfide films prepared with the explosive wire were studied and the effect of changing the cross-sectional area of the wire on these properties was found. It was found that the energy gap is inversely proportional to the area where the greater the area, the lower the energy gap values (from 1.65 to 1.12) eV. Also, the absorption and its modulus were increased by increasing the cross-sectional area of the wire. The refractive index and extinction factor showed a clear response, as the value of both decreased due to the effect of this increase in the wire area.

The current work used the same mathematical model that was used to study the behavior of an accelerated probing electron in order to create electron-mirror images [1]. Using straightforward trigonometry, this mathematical model was used to investigate the properties of the polymer PMMA as a result of the ion mirror effect phenomenon. This work also considers determining the influence of dielectric constant, which is one of the most important electrical properties of the material by using MATLAB simulation to help the practical results that we obtained and comparing it to the findings obtained for the electron mirror. The obtained results indicate that the presented methodology can be used to explain, interpret, and add further detail to the understanding of the ion mirror effect for future studies.

The environmentally friendly syntheses of the nanoparticles through the green way from the extracts of the plants has proven itself in the field of modern sciences, with improved drug efficiency and less toxicity. The study groups in the have bio-synthesized cost-effective and stable copper oxide nano-particles (CuONPs) from plant leaves (i.e. the Turmeric). A variety of the analytical approaches, like the UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-Transformation Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), have been utilized for the confirmation of the syntheses of the crystalline CuONPs from the extract of the turmeric leaves (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern. Synthesized CuONPs have been tested as well for the anti-cancer activity with the use of the MTT (3- (4,5dimethyl-2tiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2tetrazolium bromide) assay on the cell lines of the human colon cancer (HT29). The results have shown that the synthesized CuONPs had a high anti-cancer cytotoxicity on the cell lines of the human colon cancer (HT-29) with an IC-50 value of 40 g mL-1, which was briefly addressed in the present paper.

In the field of optics the tinier devices are the better; therefore, the diffraction limit of light seems like an essential limitation in the way of that field. In return, new methods have appeared to resolve this issue. One of these methods is the plasmonic technology which allows light pressure into nanostructures. The current study proposes all-optical logic gates based on metal insulator metal structures (mim) waveguide. This waveguide has an important characteristic which is restricting the applied light strongly far from the diffraction limit. The proposed structure is small compared to the applied wavelength. The optical plasmonic gates proposed are (OR, NOR, AND, NAND, NOT). The comsol multiphysics 5.5 software was used for simulation by the 2-D FDTD method. Hence, these five gates will be obtained by optical interference between the propagating signals through the input ports and the control ports, whose positions can be altered according to the gate needed. The implementation and simulation of the proposed gates were all in the same structure, with the same dimensions, the same wavelength and the same transmission threshold, with applicable wavelength of (1550 nm). The performance of the proposed plasmonic gates was tested by two criteria; the optical transmission ratio and the contrast ratio, which is the ratio between the ON and OFF states of the proposed gate..

n and p types of porous silicon were fabricated using two methods electrochemical etching EC and photo-electrochemical etching PEC. Structural studies of both types of porous silicon were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction XRD getting 24.5 nm crystallite size in p-PSi and 28.05 nm in n-PSi, AFM, Fourior-Transformation InfraRed FT-IR.

A big challenge in privacy-preserving is found when trying is to share data while protecting the information of personally identifiable, such as phone numbers, email addresses, and biometric. The same challenges have appeared when keeping sensitive data remotely in complete privacy, without recognizing them from any unauthorized persons. In such cases, Homomorphic encryption is the highlight and considered the most suitable solution. The goal of this paper is to keep the privacy of the data stored in a database system using a new Chao-modification to the partial homomorphic encryption algorithm. It uses the chaotic system to scatter the symbols of plain data before direct them to the encryption algorithm. This will be appending an additional level of security to partial homomorphic encryption algorithms that helps them to be more resisting attacking.

This article analyzes the access of population of Ukraine to food and the real financial opportunities of its citizens. Empirical coefficients of elastic demand for basic foodstuffs according to the average income of the population per household were determined. The average annual indicators of change in total income and food expenditure per household were calculated. These calculations showed that the indicator "Economic affordability of food" almost a third does not ensure food security of the population of Ukraine. Based on the methodology presented in this research, the necessary total income of the population to ensure food security by the indicator "Economic affordability of food" and scenarios for its provision by changing the structure of food costs, coefficients of elasticity of demand for household income and resources and other variables were determined.

Membrane Computing (MC) is defined as one of the main areas in computer sciences; MC has the aim of discovering novel computational models from studying biological cells, specifically the cellular membranes. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) cascade was the subject of research in the areas of modeling and simulation. Various software tools such as Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) have been used to solve the MAPK cascade for the purpose of improving the effectiveness of signaling. In this study, the MAPK cascade is modeled by using MC. The models of Membrane Computing could be totally fully utilized by applying parallel computing platforms. P-Lingua can be defined as a programming language for MeCoSim and MC, where MC simulators are used to model and simulate MAPK. P-Lingua will be applied to structure, develop and examine the implementation of MAPK cascades in membrane computing. MeCoSim supports charts, outputs, and inputs which have been adapted to MC. The simulation results have been put to comparison with PEPA model. The results indicate that MC improves the MAPK implementation compared to PEPA. This study showed that MC, with its biological characteristics, could improve the implementation regarding biological processes including MAPK.

In this paper a class of sets called generalized N*-closed set introduced and its properties were studied. Further the notation of relationships among them were discussed.

In this paper, the Lasota-Wazewska model of survival of red blood cell in humans was studied, in which the probability of death of red blood cells was adopted as a function using nonlinear delay differential equation of the first order. Some conditions were established to guarantee that the number of red blood cells oscillates about the equilibrium. The results are supported by some illustrative examples.

In telemedicine, the medical data are shared and distributed between the whole world with different specialists and for many purposes through an unsafe medium. So protecting the medical data during the transmissions becomes an important issue. Many image secret sharing schemes with steganography have been proposed. Unfortunately, each of these schemes has one or more drawbacks. First, the large size of a stego images. Second, the visual quality of the stego images evaluated by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is degraded too much. To overcome such drawbacks, a new scheme based on secret sharing and IWT is proposed in this paper. The new scheme can optimize both the size of the stego images and its quality. The proposal scheme involves a dispersion of medical image into shadow images using Lin and Thien's technique. The size of each shadow size is reduces to 1/k from the overall of the secret image size and k is the number of shadows. After that, the shadows are embedded in a host image by using Integer wavelet transform (IWT) technique. In the reconstruction the secret medical image is reconstruct by pooling at least k shadows The experimental results of the proposed algorithm are shown for many medical images the effectiveness of analyzed with the help of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized correlation.

Photovoltaic concentrating systems have recently become one of the topics of interest to researchers around the world due to the high cost of semiconductors used in the manufacture of solar cells, as well as the wide area of traditional photovoltaic panels. The target can be met by compensating for the vast areas of solar cells with smaller cell areas made of reflective or refractive materials that concentrate higher intensity solar radiation to reach a higher outward power. In this research a parabolic dish solar photovoltaic concentrator is studied theoretically. The concentration ratio at the reflecting concentrator has been studied as a function of reflectance and shading losses under five different rim angles ( 45°, 55°, 65°,75° and 85°) using equations simulated in the MATLAB software. Following that, the total absorbed solar radiation and output power provided by CPV with multi-junction solar cells. the results indicated that the concentration ratio increase linearly with reflectance, while it increases as the rim angle decrease. The best value of concentration ratio is about 172 for rim angle 45° and reflectance 95%.

The aim of this research is to investigation and explore the factors that drive the e-governance implementation and affect the government performance further because the government-citizen relationship in Syria. In this respect it is important to embrace the e-governance system to decide how effective it can be. There is also query if the previously established IS recognition frameworks can be used to determine the acceptance by Syrian citizens of the e-governance system. The survey issued a total of 600 questionnaires to the citizens of Syria. The research obtained approximately 385 responses, indicating a return rate of 62.83%. In the analysis of the results, Structural equation model (SEM) was used with AMOS version 21.0 to analyse the data. The findings indicate that five core determinants, namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, system flexibility, Citizens-Centricity, and facilitating conditions significantly influenced user intention to use E-governance system.

In this paper, discussion maximum pressure between layers of articular cartilage for of human ankle joint in Various walking styles and design mathematical model depended on the Reynolds equation and continuity equation. Non-Newtonian synovial fluid and elastic deformation is mathematically derived. Theoretical analysis maximum pressure with different stride length for human, porosity and regular velocity in daily active we provided The stride length that accompanies human movement with different walking speed is the most important influences that protect the joint and help accomplish daily activities

This paper introduces a new notion of algebra called BS-algebra and some of its properties are discussed in detail. Also, we define a S(a,b) of BS-algebra and discus of properties and theorems of it. Some of theorems of a new ideals of BS-algebra are introduced and proved. Also, we introduced some new types of ideals of Z-algebra and we linked these ideals with some theorems and properties. Also, we define the concept of pseudo Z-algebra and introduced some examples and new concepts in it, including the concept of pseudo b-subalgebra and introduced some theorems and properties in this new concepts.

This study concerned with a type of generalization of some algebraical statistics concepts on one of the quantum algebraic spaces, which is known by orthoalgebra (briefly OA). The main proposal consists of a definition of a special function called a bivariate qausi-copula which will be defined on OA. Also, this study focuses on illustrating maps that can be used to find solutions that deals with non-compatible problem, which does not exist on Boolean algebra. Several proofs, properties, and results have been shown with respect to this generalization. Afterwards, few examples have been illustrated to explain the situation related to compatibility and non-compatibility notion. Finally, we have presented conclusions that summarize this work and present the highlights within this study.

In this paper, we study the impact of the variable rotation, magnetic field and different variable such as the rate flow, Grashof number, Bingham number, Brinkman number, density, viscosity and ...etc, on the mixed convection heat transfer analysis for the peristaltic transport of viscoplastic fluid through the porous medium, consideration small Reynolds number and long wavelength, peristaltic transport in asymmetric channel tapered horizontal channel and possess to different amplitude and phases difference. Series solutions for the axial velocity, stream function, stress at the upper and lower channels, temperature and pressure gradient. The impact of parameters discussion and illustrated graphically through the set of figures.

Nowadays, most of the information science inquires about a spotlight on affiliation rule to decide explicit examples and rules from huge information. Affiliation guideline is worked by basic information duration device, for example, WEKA which incorporates arrangement, bunching, affiliation runs, etc. When all is said in done, the affiliation standard could be pertinent for enormous E-Learning datasets like they were pertinent towards the formless arrangement. Within this exam, the uses for affiliating rule after gathering under straight information for a considerable length of time from LMS have been explored. Intriguing quality measurements and other applicable understudy inclinations are caught in the wake of thinking about a few affiliation rule calculations. Some imagined introductions of rules and their applicable outcomes will be exhibited in wording reasonableness in eLearning conditions.

Identification of disease from therapeutic statistical evidences area single confronted task which can make a point of importance in the field of medical science. But according to the literature survey, it has been seen that still there are some chances that this challenging task can be fulfilled. In this research a feature ranking algorithm Random Forest is used for ranked the features of the attributes & later on four machine learning algorithm has been used i.e. Random forest, decision Tree, support Vector Machine & XG Boost classification algorithm to classify similar disease datasets like Jaundice, Malaria, Covid, Common cold, Typhoid, Dengue & Pneumonia. Comparison between the classifier is done on the basis of with ranking with feature selection & ranking without feature selection with the help of parameters of confusion matrix, Matthews's correlation coefficient (MCC), area under the curve (AUC), Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) & computational time. The results of the simulations shows the effectiveness of Covid like disease prediction is done by the feature selection ranking &classification algorithm.

Several Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on various Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms were recently developed due to the current availability of powerful computation controllers and adaptability of AI algorithms and their characteristic in handling non-linear problems. AI algorithms are perfectly suited to handle the problem of adverse conditions of rapid irradiance change and partial shading that the PV systems suffer. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the MPPT for photovoltaic systems and a comprehensive review of the current AI-based MPPT techniques. The paper also covers MPPT components, modeling, characteristics, affecting factors, and categories. The performance of different AI algorithms is evaluated and categorized based on many criteria including system complexity, tracking speed, cost, efficiency, accuracy, hardware implantation, sensory parameters, response to Partial Shading Conditions (PSC), etc. Finally, a summarizing comparison of performance of the main MPPT techniques is presented.

The aim of this work is studying many concepts of a pure submodule related to sub-module L and introducing the two concepts, T_pure submodule related to submodule and the crossing property of T_pure related to submodule. Another characterizations and study some properties of this concept.

One of the potential top-level goals for 5G heterogeneous networks may be intellectual and perfect network which modifies consumer preferences in a proactive manner in addition to needs of channel. Research provides an interdisciplinary approach to e-health, primarily concern BDA, and radio space management inside a various level fifth generation network in the company of massive data. The growing need for and usage of big data fuelled digital transformation. The research focuses on the effect of Big Data on digital technologies during the 5G era. To carry out digital transformation, three machine learning (ML) algorithms are identified. In addition to decision tree DT the other algorithms used for the classification are NB, LR. These algorithms run on the large data processing engine they work. These algorithms serve as an ensemble tool for examining old records of stroke outpatients (OPs) and body built IOT based sensors [19]. These readings are available as Big Data. In the model which has been proposed here, OP-Centric Network Optimization Framework was presented before evaluating the machine learning algorithm function and all appropriate steps to plan massive data. An ensemble method in the company of NB classification device, decision tree classification device, and logistic classification device was used in this analysis. These entire classification devices are highly controlled and managed classification device. This method is based on the OP data set and feeds the predicted stroke probabilities to an SV classifier.

Solution and stability of systems of fuzzy ordinary differential equations are of great important and may be sometimes difficult to carry out in the theory of fuzzy differential equations. Therefore, need for efficient approaches and techniques seem to be necessary for solving and stabilizing such type of problems. In this paper the backstepping method will be modified and used for analyzing systems of fuzzy ordinary differential equations. Such type of problems that might be encountered in studying the mathematical problems resulting from modeling complex physical or engineering real life phenomena's. The topic of this paper is considered as a part of the control theory of fuzzy differential equations, in which the adaptive backstepping method based on constructing Lyapunove function in quadratic form will be combined with the so called the α-level sets in fuzzy set theory. The reliability of the proposed approach is presented by solving three examples, linear and nonlinear, in which the orginal system may be unstable.

To order and provide services, IoT devices need to communicate and talk to many other devices before these services are provided. However, in complex and heterogeneous systems, certain devices need to trust each other. In this paper, we present an approach that is combined of two lines of defense to help build trust in IoT scenarios and to provide more secure interaction. The paper presents a precisely engineered ontology that serves as the main knowledge base for the definition and semantic registration for the entities within the IoT perimeter to facilitate their automated deployment. We show, in this paper, how trust can be used as a pre-defense step for authorization in flexible and an adaptive manner using semantic web technologies. We develop a proof of concept implementation and give the complexity analysis for our approach.

There are many algorithms used in Natural Language Processing( NLP) to achieve good results, such as Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning(DL) and many other algorithms. In Natural Language Processing,the first challenges is to convert text to numbers for using by any algorithm that a researcher choose. So how can convert text to numbers? This is happen by using Word Embedding algorithms such as skip gram,bags of words,BERT and etc. Representing words as numerical vectors by relying on the contents has become one of the effective methods for analyzing texts in machine learning, so that each word is represented by a vector to determine its meaning or to know how close or distant this word from the rest of the other word. BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation Transformer) is one of the embedding methods. It is designed to pre-trained form left and right in all layer deep training. It is a deep language model that is used for various tasks in natural language processing. In this paper we will review the different versions and types of BERT.