Table of contents

This article presents the results of the study to determine the effect of zeolite-mineral feed additives when feeding young Simmental cattle in the conditions of Yakutia. Scientific and economic experiments to determine the optimal norms of local mineral feed additives were carried out in the conditions of Central Yakutia. The experiment was performed on young bulls of the Simmental cattle breed during the age of between 12 and 18 months. The experimental animals were selected by the analog method, which took into account the indicators of age, live weight and clinical indicators. During the experiment animals were kept under identical conditions. The difference was that the experimental groups were additionally given a mineral feed supplement – hongurin in different doses and Kempendyai salt with the daily basic diet. Animals in the cold season were kept in a small cattle house, fastened. During the experiments the optimal rate of inclusion of a zeolite-mineral feed additive was established, which allowed to maximize the growth rates of live weight while maintaining all clinical and physiological norms of the body. Thus, at the end of the experiment the animals of the II and III experimental groups were heavier than their peers from the test group by 2.93% and 4.28%. As a result, the animals of the experimental groups reached a live weight of 382.5 and 385.3 kg versus 371.6 kg in the test group. Growth rate indicators in test group bulls equaled 564.44 g, and for bulls in the II and III experimental groups 630 g and 650.56 g, respectively (indicators are higher by 11.62% and 15.26%). Thus, the use of zeolite-mineral feed additives in feeding young Simmental cattle in Yakutia has shown efficiency.

The article covers the influence of structural, mechanical and frictional properties of raw macaroni food on technological process of cutting. The characteristics of the friction of the working bodies of cutting equipment on semi-finished product being processed, i.e. the dependence of the friction force and the coefficient of friction have been determined.

The article covers analysis of the force interaction of knife and material being cut; the components of cutting force on the main operating elements of cutting tool are obtained. The mathematical analysis of the value of "clean" cutting component is given, and the cutting ability of the blade with purpose of improving the cut quality is determined.

For a long time the domestic black-and-white cattle was systematically improved by adding the blood of the world's best dairy breed – i.e. the Holstein breed. In 2002 a new Ural type of black-and-white breed was officially registered. In first heifers with live weight of less than 550 kg an average negative correlation of milk yield is observed, in the first heifers with live weight of 625 kg or more this correlation is low negative to an average positive. In cows a positive correlation between live weight and milk yield per lactation is noted, except for group of cows with a high live weight where this correlation is not established. It should be noted that along with an increase in live weight from 550 kg or less to a weight of 599 kg, the correlation between these signs decreased, but this correlation increased among the cows with a live weight of 600-624 kg. The correlation between live weight and milk quality parameters per lactations is also ambiguous and ranged from high positive (0.89, 1 lactation, weight up to 550 kg) to low negative (-0.19, 1 lactation, weight 625 kg or more) in terms of correlation between live weight and mass fraction of fat (MFF) in milk.

Holsteinized black-and-white cattle are used for milk production. The genealogical structure of the herd is represented by animals from the following genealogical lines: Vis Back Ideal 1013485, Reflection Sovering 198998, Montwick Cheiftain 95679, Pabst Governor 882933 and Annas Adema 30587. Animals of these types feature high milk productivity indices. In particular, the cows of all the researched lines have high milk productivity indices - more than 9,000 kg of milk per lactation. The highest milk yields are achieved by cows of the Montwick Cheiftain 95679 line. The yields are 16-339 kg higher than ones of the animals from the Annas Adema 30587 and Pabst Governor 882933 lines, respectively. According to the quality indices of milk, cows of all lines exceed the requirements of the breed standard. Data on amount of milk fat confirms the level of breeding value of the cattle breeding stock used in the farm. They exceed the breed standard in terms of milk fat yield by more than 2 times. The highest coefficient of the cows' biological efficiency was recorded in the cows groups of Annas Adema 30587 and Montwick Cheiftain 95679 lines, and the biological full-value was confirmed for the Montwick Cheiftain 95679 and Pabst Governor 882933 lines.

The article presents the results of the analysis of animals of the Bredy meat type by the allele fund of erythrocyte antigens of blood groups and DNA - polymorphism of the GDF5 and TG5 genes, which are valuable for beef cattle. The studies were carried out on the basis of blood analysis of cows from three micropopulations belonging to well-known breeding enterprises in Russia. Alleles of blood groups were identified for all systems, and the frequency of their occurrence was shown. The work focuses on the ratio of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, shows the degree of their displacement depending on the micropopulation, determines the indices of genetic similarity (I) and genetic distance (Dn) between micropopulations. The revealed levels of polymorphism of animals of the Bredy meat type for genes GDF5 and TG5 showed an insignificant frequency of occurrence of the desired genotypes, this indicator for the first gene was 8.7, and for the second - 4.3%. Comparison of the frequency of occurrence of the most common alleles of the EAB-system of blood groups of the herd, with the frequency of occurrence of genotypes for genes GDF5 and TG5 in a random sample of cows of the Bredy meat type, did not show any dependence of the polymorphic state of genes on the specific content of alleles.

The article presents sire proving results of 11 Holstein stud bulls of three lines of breeding, i.e. Vis Back Ideal 1013415, Reflection Sovering 198998, and Montvik Chieftain 95679. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of a dairy complex of OOO agricultural enterprise "Donskoe" in the Volgograd region. Comparative analysis of bulls' daughters in the first complete lactation with their mothers and herdmates showed that the average milk yield of daughters of bulls under study varied within 8256-9895 kg, the fat content values of milk were 3.80-4.30%, and the protein content values ranged from 3.10 to 3.40%. Seven of the sire proved bulls were recognized as improving bulls with varying degrees of genetic potential realized. The Vis Back Ideal 1013415 bulls' daughters were found to have superior milk yield in comparison with the Reflection Sovering 198998 and Montvik Chieftain 95679 bulls' daughters. Moreover, the Reflection Sovering bulls' daughters outnumbered the Vis Back Ideal bulls' daughters in terms of the fat content in milk by an average of 0.1%. The milk yields of all evaluated bulls' daughters exceeded their mothers with respect to the milk yield, which indicated genetic progress over a generation. Thus, the stud bulls that turned out to be improving in terms of the milk yield and fat content will further improve the productive traits of cows.

The article presents the results of a study of the amino acid and fatty acid composition of the liver of Arbor Acres broilers, which were fed with ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide at a dose of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg per kilogram of mixed feed. It was found that the use of UFP SiO₂ in the cultivation of broilers contributes to an increase in the liver of poultry I-IV experimental groups of arginine content by 0.45-0.70%, histidine by 0.75-1.60%. The content of leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, and phenylalanine increased in the liver of broilers of the III-IV experimental groups by 0.11-0.96%, 0.1-0.6%, 0.10-0.13%, 0.13-0.47%, 0.23-0.53% compared to the control group. The content of linoleic acid in the liver samples of broilers of the I-IV experimental groups increased by 1.80-36.4%, the content of linolenic acid in the liver of experimental chickens of the III-IV experimental groups increased by 0.1-0.2%, and oleic acid – by 0.6-3.3%, respectively. A sharp increase in the content of AST and ALT in the blood of broiler chickens of the experimental groups was not observed, although there is a dose-dependent increase in the activity of these enzymes, which indicates an increase in liver function against the background of the action of ultrafine silicon dioxide.

The article deals with the regulation of the number of ixodid ticks in the Non-Chernozem zone using mathematical modeling of ixodid ticks that live in the Kaluga region of the Russian Federation. Statistical data is taken for the period of the decade of the research. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodid ticks are presented, which are Ixodes ricinus (European forest) and Dermacentor reticulatus (pasture), both demonstrating two regular peaks of their activity in spring and autumn. Analytical and calculated mathematical models of the population of ixodid ticks are obtained based on the composition of three or four factors, including: average monthly air temperature per year, average monthly relative humidity per year, average atmospheric pressure per year. The analysis of the results shows that it makes sense to take into account the composition of the first three factors, excluding cloud cover, as long as the cloud value is minimal is minimal in the Kaluga Region and thus cannot affect the results of the mathematical calculations. There are theories which are based on the hypothesis that both the temperature and humidity have an effect on the size of the ixodid ticks' population. The obtained models presented in the article prove strong influence of these parameters, but moreover accents the monthly average atmospheric pressure having the greatest influence on the parasites' population.

The polyetiological nature of uveitis, the role of systemic mechanisms and the impact of environmental factors (improper operation, horse feeding) in its development and course determine the complex nature and complexity of the problem of this disease. The latter is directly related to the lack of knowledge of the predisposing triggering factors of the immunological mechanisms in the development of uveitis. Despite the high frequency of this pathology in horses, the spread and risk factors for the occurrence and development of uveitis have not been determined, the diagnostic criteria and the prognostic significance of clinical signs have not been studied. All of the above dictates the urgent need to develop a system of evidence-based approach to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of uveitis. In this regard, it is very relevant to study the immunological mechanisms of the course of ERU, control over their condition and targeted impact on the prevention of complications.

The demand for sheep products these days becomes higher, as evidenced by the tendency to increase small ruminants in the world and Russia. It leads to manufacturers' desire to get products as quickly as possible, without worrying about their quality. Various medications are used, which later, when eating animal meat, can have a detrimental effect on the human body. These studies aimed to study the effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the sheep's organism and obtain ecologically clean and high-quality mutton. For this, during the experiments, the blood of animals was studied. An essential role of protein metabolism in the animal body is blood serum proteins, qualitative and quantitative characteristics. They are the primary plastic material of tissues and organs and carry out regulatory, catalytic, and immunobiological functions. The growth rate is closely related to protein deposition. Individual development is determined by the constant exchange of substances and energy between the body and the external environment. However, each animal species has its metabolic traits, and, in particular, it concerns the transformation of proteins. Age-related biochemistry of protein metabolism has significant material in disclosing the fundamental biochemical constants of metabolism in animals' bodies. Simultaneously, the study of the peculiarities of protein metabolism is one of the main links in the knowledge of the biochemical essence of each period of sheep's life.

The scientific paper presents the authors' research on the aspects of nature and process of forming a new direction in the management system of sustainable development – green management. This direction which has recently become quite popular has been declared as a new priority in the implementation of large projects. But so far there is no practice of implementation and regulatory approval of this concept. It is generally accepted that green management is based on the principles of a lean or green economy and harmless attitude to the natural environment. From the authors' point of view, this concept should be interpreted slightly broader, since regular monitoring of the state of the environment should be based, among other things, on the introduction and wide spread of information technologies into the management system.

The article presents materials on the development of an effective pork production technology involving the use of biologically active additive complex of biocorrective action "Chlorelact", made on the basis of lactulose and microalgae chlorella, aimed at obtaining high meat productivity, as well as physiological indicators of young pigs. The scientific research were carried out on farm-breeding plant named after Lenin of Surovikinsky District of Volgograd Region. The experiment involved 3 groups of animals, 25 heads each at the age of 2 months. The use of feed additive «Chlorelact» made it possible to stibilize tissue metabolism and thus significantly increase in live weight gain of animals from experimental groups in comparison with animals of control group. The best results were obtained from animals that received a complex biologically active additive «Chlorelact» as part of a compound feed.

The peculiarities of ensuring sustainable development of integrated agroformations were determined: soil and climate, biological, environmental, technological, organization of agricultural territories. The form of the annual operating budget of agroholding, which includes monthly information on the allocated items of expenditure, was developed. The forms of working documents (applications for the contribution of funds to the operating budget) are proposed and the indicators disclosed in them, acting as an information field for the effective implementation of managerial competencies, are defined. The practical implementation of the proposed measures will act as a tool in the management of financial resources of the agricultural holding and will increase the competitiveness of agricultural products and services, the quality of management (managerial, operational, support), assortment and intellectual potential that will ensure sustainable development of integrated agroforming.

The article considers individual issues of implementation of control indicators of the execution of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. The characteristic features of food security are defined. The variants of assessment of self-sufficiency in foodstuffs are offered. The formula for the level of self-sufficiency in foodstuffs, which allows to take into account the provision of rational norms of consumption in calculations, is offered. The possible measures aimed at achieving the indicators of national interests of the state declared in the Doctrine were defined. Two possible options for the authorities, aimed at achieving the indicators of self-sufficiency in food were considered. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the presented directions are presented.

In Sverdlovsk region Holsteinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are being bred. This type of cattle is represented by numerous, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The aim of this article is to study the correlation of age of the first insemination of heifers on their economically useful traits. It was found that the age of the first insemination directly affects the milk productivity of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle of Ural type. The difference in age of the first insemination between the groups was 2.7 months, or 18.6%. The difference of productive period longevity between the groups was also observed, which was 0.21 of lactation (6.7%) in favor of the group that got its first insemination at age of 16-18 months. Cows inseminated for the first time at an earlier date featured lower parameters of milk productivity: lower milk yield for life, lower milk yield for the first lactation and for maximum lactation. The difference was significant at P≤0.01 in favor of cows which underwent the first insemination at age of 16-18 months for life-long milk yield. A significant difference in MFP in milk was revealed in favor of the cows in the first group (the period of the first insemination was 14-15 months). It was 0.09% at P≤0.01. The difference in MFP in milk did not have a considerable influence on increase of nutrients yield in milk, in particular milk protein. The duration of the period between calvings and the service period was long in both groups of cows, which allows concluding that, regardless of the age of first insemination, the decrease in reproductive capacity in cows of modern Holsteinized black-and-white cattle is observed. This is proved by the record KVS – 0.87 - 0.88.

Special attention is paid to polymorphic variants of leptin gene when organizing MAS selection in beef cattle breeding. In this regard, the purpose of our research was a quantitative and qualitative assessment of meat productivity in Aberdeen-Angus cows and heifers depending on the C73T / C528T haplotype of leptin gene. The study focused on cows after the first calving (age 32 months, n = 30) and heifers (age 20 months, n = 49) of Aberdeen-Angus breed. The data analysis showed that the rank of distribution did not repeat across the age categories of carriers by weight of chilled carcasses in particular combinations. The best quality carcasses were obtained from heifers with a combination of TT / CC, CT / CT and CC / CT genotypes. The highest categories (Prime and Top Choice) were 70.0; 69.2 and 66.6% of carcasses, respectively. Genetic variability in leptin gene in the second exon (C73T) and promoter (C528T) regions in Aberdeen-Angus cows and heifers determined the differences in meat productivity. The combination of heterozygous CT / CT genotypes was recognized as the most preferred for selection in mature herd for a complex of traits of quantitative and qualitative assessment of meat productivity.

The current priority trend in the food-processing industry is the use of non-traditional biologically active plant raw materials. In this regard, the potential application of stevia syrup and a dry pumpkin-based vegetable complex in the design of an integrated food system and further use in the production technology of dietary cottage cheese desserts with sucrose being completely replaced has been investigated. Thus, the content of the selected components has been determined to be 0.175 g of stevia syrup and 4 g of a pumpkin-based vegetable complex per 100 g of the cottage cheese base. The data obtained were used in the development of a recipe of dietary cottage cheese-based desserts.

The deterioration of the ecological situation, the change in the structure of nutrition in the existing conditions determined fundamentally new trends formed in the social order for the development of entire groups of special-purpose food products. Creating and developing innovative technologies and increasing the nutritional value of products will allow replenishing the consumer market with domestic functional food products. The articlepresents the results of developing a recipe and production technology for lingering functional cookies using dry extracts of plants Melissaofficinalis (Melissa officinalis), Salviaofficinalis (Salvia officinalis), Leonurusquinquelobatus (motherwort), Crataegusspecies (hawthorn) and Valerianaofficinalis (Valerian officinalis), the introduction of which made it possible to enrich the products with antioxidants. Studies on the establishment of a method for applying dry extracts at various stages of the technological process for the production of long-lasting cookies are presented, and the expediency of replacing 7.0% flour with plant extracts is justified. It is proved that the developed cookies changed their quality indicators more slowly during storage. The results of determining the chemical composition of cookies "Energy of Nature" are reflected and the degree of satisfaction of the body's daily need for individual nutrients and energy during its use is calculated in comparison with the control sample. It is shown that the introduction of plant extracts allowed to reduce the energy value of products, increase the content of beta-carotene, ascorbic acid and flavonoids. When consuming 100 g of the developed cookies, the human body receives 58 mg of antioxidants. This corresponds to 16.6 % of the daily human need for antioxidants, which makes it possible to classify cookies "Energy of Nature" as functional products.

Indicators of rumen digestion of young cattle has been studied when fed with concentrates with high level of degradable protein and non-structural carbohydrates subjected to barothermal treatment. Extrusion of concentrated feed decreases degradability of concentrates protein by 26-28%. Correlation of indicators of rumen digestion in steers with the method of preparation for feeding with concentrates with high level of degradable protein and non-structural carbohydrates has been determined. So, in animals receiving feed subjected to barothermal treatment, the number of ciliates in rumen fluid increases by 5.4%, total nitrogen – by 2.9%, and concentration of ammonia and volatile fatty acids decreases by 8.1 and 3.4% Thus, processing of concentrates stimulates development of microflora of proventriculus and reduces the rumen protein loss. Barothermal treatment of concentrates with a high protein degradability and high level of non-structural carbohydrates increases productivity of animals and efficiency of feed. The average daily weight gain in animals of experimental group increases by 4.8-6.0%. As a result, the feed cost is reduced by 2.7-6.9%, and protein – by 2.6-5.7%.

Intravaginal implants containing 40 mg of progesterone for synchronization and stimulation schemes of estrus in recipient goats, with a period of exposure to the animal's body of 6 and 12 days in combination with fertadine and folligon at different reproduction periods during the year, allows to reduce time of estrus onset in animals up to 30 hours or 2.5 times compared to goats treated only with prostaglandins, while inducing estrus in 100.0% of goats with embryo engraftment in recipients of 56.7% on the 40th day of diagnosis and 50.0% upon animals birth with litter yield of 146.7%.

The article presents the results of identifying parental line of Simmental cattle the most stable to aggressive environmental conditions in the Lower Volga region with high milk productivity. The experimental work was carried out at farm-breeding plant named after Lenin of Surovikinsky District of Volgograd Region. All of cows of the farm was distributed among the bulls of different lines, which were selected individually for each one. In total 79 first-calf heifers and 249 full-aged cows participated in the experiment. The assessment of milk productivity of the cattle population was carried out on the basis of data of SELEX program. Productivity of bulls daughters belonging to different breeding lines was examined. Also, as part of the work, the parameters of natural resistance-innate level were studied. The results obtained during the experiment were processed and analyzed using standard methods. it was concluded the most preferred line of cattle for breeding in farm-breeding plant named after Lenin of Surovikinsky District of Volgograd Region.

Today, in the context of increasing demand for high quality agricultural products, it is very important to increase the productivity of poultry through the use of environmentally friendly feed products. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of active coal feed additive (AUCD) when applied in a dosage of 0.1% by weight of compound feed on gains in live weight and basic biochemical parameters of blood serum of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross. (corrected some inaccuracy in the wording) AUKD was first used for feeding broiler chickens of the "Cobb-500" cross in the Krasnodar Territory in the summer. Setting up and conducting the experiment was carried out according to the methodology of scientific and industrial research on feeding poultry. The live weight of broiler chickens that consumed 0.1% of active coal feed additive by weight of compound feed significantly increased by 4.2% (p <0.01). As a result of the study, it was found that feeding AUCD to broiler chickens does not have a negative effect on the biochemical composition of blood serum.

The results of processing of dynamics of potato production in the territory of the Republic of Crimea for the period from 2015 to 2019 are presented in the article using the geographic information system ArcGIS 10.4, which allows to carry out the prompt collection and processing of large amounts of information in the information environment in order to solve the problems of monitoring and assessment of the state of land. It has been established that potato production is distributed extremely unevenly on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The largest potato production is typical for the Dzhankoi, Simferopol and Belogorsk regions. In general, from 2015 to 2019. potato production at the territory of the Republic of Crimea has decreased by 34%. A cluster analysis has been performed using the STATISTICA 10 and ArcGIS 10.4 software packages and the administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Crimea have been grouped into 7 clusters of the same type.

The scientific article presents the results of the real-time monitoring of agricultural lands with the use of GIS-technologies. The aim of the research was to assess the efficiency of agricultural land use in the Russko-Kameshkirsky village council on the basis of remote sensing data with the use of GIS-technologies for effective resource management. The result of the conducted work is vectorization of land plots, obtaining actual cartographic material with specification of arable area in cultivation. The stages of overgrowing of arable land with tree and bush vegetation were determined, allowing to develop a plan of putting fallow lands into turnover.

The paper analyzes the modern water management balance of the Republic of Crimea in the context of administrative and territorial units. The possibility of using the ArcGIS 10.4 software package for visualization of spatial statistical data that characterize the water balance is shown. The forecast values of the water balance of the Republic of Crimea for 2030 are given. Maps of the current water management balance for the administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Crimea for the current period and for 2030 based on statistical observations have been constructed. It has been established that the territory of the Republic of Crimea is extremely water-deficient and only in certain administrative-territorial units a positive water balance is observed (Bakhchisarai and Belogorsk regions of the Republic of Crimea, Sudak urban district, Alushta urban district and Yalta urban district). At the same time, according to forecasts, by 2030 it will be possible to significantly reduce the water deficit, but a number of regions of the Republic of Crimea will still have a negative water balance.

Currently, the problems of quality and safety of food products are the most important for the processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. Increasingly important are activities aimed at improving the quality of the life cycle processes of food products. One of the basic foods in the diet of most consumers is bread and bakery products, and the main raw material for their production is flour. Therefore, the topic under consideration of our paper is relevant.

The article explores the application of conceptual programming methods in the development of software for geographic information systems. The connection between conceptual and functional programming through the apparatus of functional grammars is shown. It is proved that a natural language in conceptual programming can be expressed through a domain-specific language, which is an integral part of language-oriented programming. The article proposes the implementation of conceptual programming ideas by combining functional and language-oriented programming styles. It is proved that this approach is more acceptable in comparison with the imperative approach for conceptualizing the subject area. Approach implementation example for a geographic information system for maintaining an address register is given. The example uses the multi-paradigm functional programming language F#. The article proposes a new approach to constructing algorithms called constructive algorithms. It is based on the principles of conceptual design and conceptual programming. This approach improves the quality and speed of geographic information systems development through the use of ontological algorithms.

A number of indicators estimates the quality of tillage during field operations. Thus the assessment takes time that is not always reasonable. To control the quality of tillage on slope agricultural landscapes we propose a newly developed technical means for profiling the day soil surface. A specific feature of the technical means is an automated circular scanning with a rangefinder. The scanning radius of the day soil surface can be variable or constant. Processing of the obtained data array is performed in a semi-automatic mode. Thus, we can get full information about the impact of agricultural machine on the soil, i.e. to assess the lumpiness, plowing, furrow depth, straightness of plowing and other measurements within a short time span. Simultaneously the assessment of slope is performed when the machine is moving along and across the slope. The way the machine impacts the soil, shows if soil conditions, adjustments, timing of work and other conditions have been specified correctly. Thus, due to the rapid comprehensive assessment of the impact on the soil, the proposed approach makes it possible to adapt the operating modes to the various soil properties on slope agricultural landscapes in the shortest time possible.

The economic efficiency of intensive livestock farming on an industrial basis depends on the rational housing of animals, which is largely determined by the presence of an optimal microclimate in the premises. Whatever breed and pedigree qualities the animals may have, without creating the necessary microclimate conditions they are unable to maintain their health and show their potential productive capabilities due to heredity. Between 2018 and 2020, 11 farms in Perm Region were surveyed for respiratory and digestive diseases, skin diseases, and in some cases stress was observed in the animals. The costs of heating livestock buildings are, as a rule, much lower than the losses due to mortality, loss of productivity and overconsumption of feed. The physical properties of the air environment are factors that are not constant and are subject to large fluctuations. To optimize the microclimate in a livestock building, a program algorithm has been developed for a computer. That will create a system, which provides optimal conditions for the maintenance and service of animals and increase the life safety on livestock farms. In this regard, in order to improve conditions for keeping calves and cows, a project for a device to control the parameters of the microclimate in farms in the Perm region has been developed. The microclimate control system is developed on the basis of: Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation from October 21, 2000 № 622 "On approval of Veterinary rules of keeping cattle for its reproduction, rearing and realization" and Set of rules 106.13330.2012 "Cattle - breeding, poultry - breeding and beast - breeding buildings and premises". At the heart of the monitoring is an automated analysis and regulation of microclimate parameters. Hardware-software implementation is made on PLC Omron.

The design is considered, involving the use of instrumental and analytical apparatus of GIS (geographic information systems) in order to provide monitoring and support for decision-making by government authorities. For these purposes, the basic models and methods for solving problems that arise before the administration of governing bodies have been analyzed. The design of a graphical-analytical model of a thematic layer of an electronic GIS map using a quadratomic tree is also described. A graph of conceptual-meaningful features and a graph diagram of the formation of graphic means for the design of signs are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the quadratic tree model are described. In addition, the assessment of the temporal and capacitive complexity of information extraction, which is the main component of clarifying a clear algorithm for setting the problem during the functioning of the system being developed, is analyzed.

A portable device is described for measuring an important plant trait – plant leaf area. The principle of operation of the device is based on digital processing of the obtained images by the method of technical vision. It is implemented on the basis of a free cross-platform framework for game development and visualization – the LibGDX software project. An algorithm and a program for the automated determination of the leaf area are presented. The device is autonomous and is based on a smartphone and a gadget for it. The results of his research tests are presented. The purpose of the device is to study the influence of the environment on ecological systems in the field.

Agricultural land is a strategic resource that ensures the food security of the population. They act as the main means of production in agriculture, have a special legal regime, and are subject to special protection aimed at preserving their area, preventing the development of negative soil processes, and increasing soil fertility. The irrational and inappropriate use of agricultural land leads to its degradation, which consists in the loss of fertility, overgrowth, contamination, and the appearance of other negative consequences that negatively affect the possibility of obtaining agricultural products. The functioning of all branches of agriculture and the economy as a whole depends on the rational use of land resources, so the most important task of the state land administration is the organization of land monitoring. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation has developed a departmental project "Digital Agriculture" with an implementation period of 2019-2024, the main goal of which is to introduce digital technologies and platform solutions that provide a technological breakthrough in the agro-industrial complex and achieve a 2-fold increase in labor productivity at "digital" agricultural enterprises by 2024. Within the framework of this project, it is planned to form a common system of accounting for agricultural land. It can be used to track which part of the land is used, and which is empty.

Information about the intelligent method of direct optimal control and the method of system thinking in computer modeling of crushing process is given, which shows four hierarchical structures in the analysis of the control object, i.e. crusher. Computer models of the processes in the crusher are built starting the analysis from a sub-object of a deep hierarchical level that is a piece of material. The computer model introduced into the microprocessor allows determining the required calculated concentration of the crushed product and offering automated system for intelligent control of the crushing process of solid materials.

The article considers the use of the land fund on the basis of the data bank and inventory of land of the MO village of Manychsky Apanasenkovsky district of the Stavropol territory with the use of GIS technologies. The analysis was made based on data taken from the data bank for 1994, as well as on the materials of the inventory of agricultural land for 2018. According to the results of the work, land plots that have not passed the state cadastral registration were identified, which in turn are used. This information is not a little important because such land is not taxed, which affects the revenue part of the authorities. The issue of land use in the context of property was also considered. The article provides a comparative analysis of land use between 1994 and 2008.

The results of the study in 2016 - 2018 are presented varieties of common cultivated soybeans on chernozem soils in the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to study new highly productive early ripening varieties of soybeans suitable for cultivation in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. The object of research is plants of common cultivated soybean varieties (Glycine hispida Maxim (L.) Merril). The study used field and statistical methods. Field studies were carried out in a selection experiment based on a four-field grain-fallow crop rotation, the predecessor was winter triticale after pure fallow. The experimental scheme included four early maturing soybean varieties zoned in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia. In terms of productivity, the Cheremshanka and Eldorado varieties stood out on average over three years (3.83; 3.60 t/ha, respectively). The use of mathematical statistical methods showed that in our experiment the productivity of plants had a strong positive relationship with the number of productive nodes (r = 0.91), beans (r = 0.87) and seeds per plant (r = 0.89); with a mass of 1000 seeds, the relationship is also positive, but of medium strength (r = 0.60). Studies have shown that weather conditions influenced the weight of seeds per soybean plant. By the number of seeds per plant, the Eldorado variety stood out - 42.2 pcs. The greatest mass of 1000 seeds was in the Sibiryachka variety and amounted to 183.5 g, only the Cheremshanka variety was closer - 179.6 g. The most productive plants were in the Cheremshanka and Eldorado varieties - 6.6 and 6.5 g/plant, respectively. It is 8% better than the standard variety.

The aim of the study was to find differences in the shape and asymmetry of the leaf blade of spring wheat grown at different dose of fertilizer. 52 landmarks were applied to the digitized images of the leaf blade and using the methods of geometric morphometrics the shape configuration was aligned. The components of the shape and asymmetry were estimated using Procrustes distances. Two types of asymmetry – fluctuating and directional were evaluated in Procrustes analysis of variance. The Procrustes distance showed a difference in the shape of the leaves of plants grown on mineral fertilizers in compare to the control (0.003; p <0.001). Visually, the width of the leaf blade of the plants formed with fertilization was bigger than in the control leaves. With an increase in the fertilizer dose, the Goodall criterion value increased from 30.0 to 46.2 (directional asymmetry; p <0.0001) and from 3.8 to 23.02 (fluctuating asymmetry; p <0.0001). There was no change in overall asymmetry of the experimental leaves, as Procrustean distance showed no difference between the centers of the sets in experimental variables (p ≥0.05). Thus, an increase in the dose of mineral-organic fertilizer influenced both the shape and the asymmetry including the structure of the bilateral asymmetry of spring wheat leaf blades, influencing the homeostasis of plant development.

The article covers the requirements for software-implemented logic controllers, analyzes the functionality of the controller with construction of the functional model. The given practical example of Soft PLC controller application in frame of the CNC system shows the advantages of considered approach to design of electrics control systems.

Nowadays, in the agricultural industry, area monitoring is carried out using drones that are not linked to other devices such as ground-based automatic harvesters or drip irrigation systems. This results in a lot of time-consuming decision-making for harvesting ripe different crops or for pesticide treatment of areas of crops that need it immediately. This problem can be solved by using a monitoring system with heterogeneous robotic means, which allows the distribution of tasks between aerial robotic means. The purpose of this work is to optimize the algorithm of the control system for a group of robotic assets using a multigeneric decision-making approach. Many methods of operator decision support, control algorithms for solving the task of agricultural monitoring, used by scientific teams in the development of heterogeneous robotic means do not solve the problem in full. The approach is based on model optimization, namely the theory of auctions within the developed system, allowing to find a robotic system providing the maximum probability of fulfillment of the set task.

The article discusses trends and opportunities for the development of the digitalization of agriculture. The potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) for agriculture is innovative. The rationale for this is the creation of cloud platform solutions determines the grounds for this research. Particular attention is paid to quantitative and qualitative trends in the development of the Internet of Things in agricultural production. The article analyses the benefits of the Internet of Things for agriculture and rural development. The industrial Internet of Things helps to improve the competitiveness, efficiency and safety of agricultural production. IoT platforms and mobile apps allow to control and track production along the entire value chain. They also help to make decisions with a high level of risk in agricultural production. Significant amount of the information available in the agriculture is not fully utilized. Digitalization of agriculture improves efficiency and productivity in the industry. The Internet of Things in agriculture is a promising direction of technological breakthrough for a rational resource-saving agriculture 4.0.

Usage of the optimization algorithms for the service of requests for repair in certain examples. The methodology for developing a model of an ecologically plastic variety of agricultural crops is based on an integrated approach and is built using the following mathematical and software-algorithmic methods: multifactorial correlation and cluster analyzes, calculating the integral assessment coefficient of samples depending on the share contributions of valuable traits, assessing the stability of genotypes by the value of the selection index methods of static and dynamic concept. The general provisions of the method are determined, the results of which make it possible to determine the criteria for a future variety, a complex of qualitative, quantitative, morph-physiological and technological characteristics. A database was created based on the results of field tests for 2018-2020. three varieties of spring wheat and four forms of spring triticale. The database contains digitized data of phenological observations and structural analysis of the studied samples for the period of research and serves to identify the relationships of characters, determine their contribution to productivity and retrospective analysis of breeding data. In accordance with the stages of modeling with the help of the developed software, the elements of the model of an ecologically plastic variety of spring triticale were determined by 14 features. The proposed optimal parameters of the model will increase the efficiency of selection of economically valuable genotypes and targeted selection for adaptability to the conditions of the region to create new high-yielding varieties of spring triticale.

The results of the development of predictive models of the yield of spring wheat based on the use of the decision tree method are presented. When constructing the models, qualitative factors were taken into account (the level of intensification, the system of soil cultivation, the placement of the crop after steam) and agrometeorological resources (the sum of active air temperatures, precipitation). The minimum number of input parameters (public data) was used for the generality of the system and its versatility for different natural and agricultural conditions. The efficiency of using decision trees for forecasting wheat yield is shown. The accuracy of the constructed models was evaluated on the training and test samples and the following indicators were achieved (CART method): average absolute error - 3.455 (training sample) and 4.446 (test sample); determination coefficient - 0.895 (training sample) and 0.811 (test sample). A set of rules has been obtained that determine the level of crop yield depending on the complex of control actions and the prevailing conditions.

The ineffectiveness of measures for the prevention and control of diseases of agricultural crops to prevent the spread of pests and diseases on plantations is shown. The necessity of creating automated intelligent systems capable of ground monitoring of the functional state of plants has been substantiated. A convolutional neural network, UNet, has been proposed to solve the problem of recognizing the degree of damage to plant leaves by fungal diseases. Research trials conducted by UNet.

The article contains regression mathematical models that describe the effect of mechanical and automatic microclimate control systems on the growth and development of Arbor Acres broiler chickens in Sayan broiler agro-industrial complex in conditions of on-ground keeping. The following microclimate parameters are considered: temperature, humidity, illumination. Cramer-Welch, Wilcoxon criteria are used to test the statistical hypothesis of homogeneity of the two considered samples. The Chow test is taken on the possibility of constructing two different mathematical models of the same type that describe the patterns of development of simulated indicators. Statistical estimates of the significance of the constructed models and factors included in the models are calculated. The Fisher criterion is checked to see the differences in the constructed models and choose a more acceptable one to describe the effect of the microclimate on the production of young birds. The results of regression analysis are interpreted in relation to the subject area under study. Graphical visualization of analysis of initial and output data of built models is performed. Factors are ranked by degree of their effect on the resulting index using elasticity coefficients and share of their influence. The main production indicators are calculated according to the results of population cultivation - average daily growth, absolute growth, relative growth rate, liveability. The article calculates the economic effect in one complete cycle of broiler chickens growing.

Throughout the existence of human civilization, flooding of territories as a result of the influence of flood and ground waters has threatened normal life. One of the ways to prevent negative impact of floods is the use of mathematical modeling methods using modern software. The paper presents the results of solving the problem of modeling the dynamics of flood waters within the boundaries of the settlement of Kansk and making a forecast of possible flooding for 2021. To calculate flooding zones of territories within the boundaries of Kansk by spring waters, the TUFLOW program was used in the Surface-water Modeling System modeling environment, as well as neural network forecasting using the NeuroPro software product and visualization of forecasting results in the AIMS RSChS-2030 software environment. Simulation of the passage of floods within the boundaries of Kansk was carried out under the condition that the timing of the onset of the maximum flow on the Kan River and its tributaries coincide. The simulation results made it possible to predict local flooding of the settlement during the flood of 2021 and take preventive measures to reduce the risk of flooding.

In the cargo turn-over of our country, the most important place is taken by transportation of perishable products and shot lots. Specific peculiarities of perishable products transportation make them one of the most critical ones and impose higher requirements to technical means of mobile refrigeration. The main task for mobile refrigeration is improvement of quality of transportation of perishable goods, productivity of work, capital productivity, reduction of current material costs per unit of transported cargo, more effective use of available and more rapid development of new economically efficient engineering tools.

On predictive dialogue models, computer experiments were carried out to obtain data on the dynamics of population density of golden potato nematode in the soil after growing susceptible potato varieties, globoder-resistant potato varieties and unaffected plants in a 10-field crop rotation. When carrying out computer experiments on the model for predicting the population density of golden potato nematode in the soil after growing globoder resistant potato varieties in a 10-field crop rotation, it was found that when growing these varieties, it will take 8-9 years to completely destroy golden potato nematode population in the soil under favorable or average long-term conditions growing potatoes and other crops. Under unfavorable growing conditions for agricultural crops and globoder resistant potato varieties, the larvae of the ZKN remain in the soil for more than 10 years. In addition to predicting the population density of golden potato nematode after growing unaffected crops and potato varieties of varying degrees of resistance to nematode Globodera rostochiensis, computer models make it possible to theoretically substantiate optimal fruit changes and crop rotations, which will make it possible to effectively clear fields from phytoparasite.

This material examines the main trends in the development of crop and livestock production, which are subject to the increasing introduction of information technologies. These trends contribute to significant improvements in the efficiency and speed of the process. The work will consider in more detail the features of the flow of such innovations.

The paper deals with the problems of modelling of agricultural systems on the base of results of monitoring. The methodology for the formation of an information base for monitoring and forecasting the parameters of agricultural systems is shown. The procedures for analyzing individual characteristics of agricultural facilities are given. The results of forecasting parameters in agricultural systems are shown.

The paper presents a decision-making method for a quantitative income estimation depending on the intensity of the future tourist flow, as a complex indicator reflecting the level of the tourist market in a region or in a separate object (a hotel complex, sanatorium, tourist base, etc.). The authors proposed to use a three-level economic and mathematical model as a practical implementation of the hotel complex room stock management process. Each its level corresponds to a specific task. At the first level it is a pre-forecast study, substantiation and selection of forecasting models. At the second it is a forecast model and the quantitative value of the predicted indicator. At the third level it is a model tohelp a decision maker (DM) with decision making, i.e., a decision tree is applied as a tool. Thus, the authors present a complete system of models and methods of decision support. The results of pre-forecast analysis, development of predictive models, building, adaptation and implementation of top-level economic and mathematical models will help decision makers to make effective management decisions. There by the maneuver material resources, choose sales technologies and search for economic solutions, including in tourism recreational production activities.

The article discusses some of the problems of forecasting and planning the production of agricultural products and harvesting of wild plants in conditions of uncertainty. Variants of their solution using the method of statistical tests are proposed. The factorial regression equations for modeling the yield of grain crops depending on precipitation in the initial growing season and time are given. Two dependencies are considered for different agrolandscape areas. In one case, the relationship between the yield of grain crops and precipitation and time was determined, and in the second, a dependence on precipitation was found. The direct and inverse problems are considered. The conditions for obtaining high and low yields were determined. A linear model for optimizing the placement of grain crops is proposed using the Monte Carlo method for assessing random indicators. The extreme problem is applied to a municipal district with developed agriculture. The results of modeling are presented, which make it possible to estimate the volume of production of grain crops for different levels of productivity, which correspond to the reference probabilities. A multi-criteria parametric model of the functioning of clusters for obtaining food wild-growing products with probabilistic estimates in constraints and a parameter included in the objective function is described and implemented. The yield of wild plants was used as a parameter, on which the sales price depends.

The article is devoted to issues related to the development of the agricultural economy, as well as one urgent and, in part, a priority area as the digitalization of agriculture through the use of innovative technologies. In this article, the author draws attention to why today it is impossible to do without the introduction of digital technologies in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The author defines the main trends in agriculture in Yakutia at the present time, considers the areas of agriculture that are popular today, gives the opinions of authoritative people on the existing problem of digitalization of agriculture. The author also defines the tasks of digitalization of agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) through the introduction of the Unified Agricultural System of Agricultural Companies. In addition, the author in this article focuses on what exactly and when was introduced in this area, as well as what the innovations can lead to. At the end of the article, the author comes to the conclusion that the introduction of digital technologies in the agriculture of Yakutia is a necessary measure, without which it is impossible to imagine further effective and successful development of this area.