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The 3rd International Conference on Science & Engineering in Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics 2015 (ScieTech 2015), was held at The Westin Resort Nusa Dua, Bali on 31 January - 1 February 2015.

The ScieTech 2015 conference is aimed to bring together researchers, engineers and scientists from around the world. ScieTech 2015 is placed on promoting interaction between the theoretical, experimental, and applied communities, so that a high level exchange is achieved in new and emerging areas within mathematics, chemistry and physics.

As we already know that science and technology have brought tremendous benefits for human civilization. People are becoming healthier, wealthier, better educated, more peaceful, increasingly connected, and living longer. Of course, science and technology provide many answers to global challenges, but we will face more complex problems in the next decade due to increasing world population, limitation of energy, and climate change. Therefore, researchers should be more active in conducting research that enables collaboration between one and the others.

Interdisciplinary cooperation is absolutely necessary in order to create a smart system for solving the global problems. We need a global and general long-term view of the future with long-range goals for solving complex problems in next decade. Therefore the conference was held to be a forum for researchers from different disciplines to start collaborating and conducting research that provides a solution to the global issues.

The theme of ScieTech 2015 was ''The interdisciplinary Application between Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics to enhance the Quality of Life''.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all in the Technical Program Committee who have reviewed the papers and developed a very interesting conference program as well as the invited and plenary speakers.

This year, we received 197 papers and after rigorous review, 59 papers were accepted. The participants came from 19 countries, and there were six paralell sessions and four keynote speakers.

It is an honour to present this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS) and we deeply thank the authors for their enthusiastic and high-grade contributions. Finally, we would like to thank the conference chairmen, members of the steering committee, the organizing committee, the organizing secretariat and the financial support from the conference sponsors that allowed the success of ScieTech 2015.

Photos from the ScieTech2015 conference can be viewed in the PDF.

Details of the invited plenary speakers at the ScieTech 2015 conference can be found in the PDF.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The purpose of this article is to discuss comparison of solar panel cooling system by using DC brushless fan and DC water pump. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is an interesting technique to reduce non-renewable energy consumption and as a renewable energy. The temperature of PV modules increases when it absorbs solar radiation, causing a decrease in efficiency. A solar cooling system is design, construct and experimentally researched within this work. To make an effort to cool the PV module, Direct Current (DC) brushless fan and DC water pump with inlet/outlet manifold are designed for constant air movement and water flow circulation at the back side and front side of PV module representatively. Temperature sensors were installed on the PV module to detect temperature of PV. PIC microcontroller was used to control the DC brushless fan and water pump for switch ON or OFF depend on the temperature of PV module automatically. The performance with and without cooling system are shown in this experiment. The PV module with DC water pump cooling system increase 3.52%, 36.27%, 38.98%in term of output voltage, output current, output power respectively. It decrease 6.36 °C compare than to PV module without DC water pump cooling system. While DC brushless fan cooling system increase 3.47%, 29.55%, 32.23%in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.1 °C compare than to PV module without DC brushless fan cooling system. The efficiency of PV module with cooling system was increasing compared to PV module without cooling system; this is because the ambient temperature dropped significantly. The higher efficiency of PV cell, the payback period of the system can be shorted and the lifespan of PV module can also be longer.

This paper develops a proposal of a general optimization model for the flower industry, which is defined by using discrete simulation and nonlinear optimization, whose mathematical models have been solved by using ProModel simulation tools and Gams optimization. It defines the operations that constitute the production and marketing of the sector, statistically validated data taken directly from each operation through field work, the discrete simulation model of the operations and the linear optimization model of the entire industry chain are raised. The model is solved with the tools described above and presents the results validated in a case study.

We make a comparison among quantization schemes for conformal Toda models.

The object of this research was investigating the transport phenomena of chitosan synthetic membranes with emphasis on the effect of variations in the ratio of matrix/solvent. The study was focused on the effect of amount of chitosan as matrix and electrolytes solutions on the characteristics of current density of chitosan membranes. A series of chitosan membranes with various ratios of components was used such as 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. The electrolytes solutions, NaCl and CaCl₂, with various concentrations, 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 10 mM, 100 mM and 1000 mM, were used. Ion transport processes were carried out in a cell membrane model which composed of two compartments named compartment 1 and 2, and the potential difference was measured using a pair of Activon AEP jnct Single 12 x 120 mm calomel electrodes. All the measurements were conducted at room temperature, 28.8 ^oC. The result showed that the current density increased with some parameters e.g. increased in the ratio of concentration of solution, C1:C2; increased in the amount of chitosan, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%; and increased in the size of Stokes radii of the selected cations, Na⁺ and Ca⁺².

For any positive integer a ≥ 2, we have shown that there are infinitely many pairs of positive integer l and k so that the equation Ax² — Kxy + y² + Lx = 0 has infinitely many positive integer solutions. Moreover, we have shown the forms of k and l that may take. We also presented the tables of solution for 2 ≤ a ≤ 10, for some integers 1 ≤ n ≤ 5.

The objective of this research was to offer the way to improve engineering students in Physics topic of vector product. The sampling of this research was the engineering students at Pathumwan Institute of Technology during the first semester of academic year 2013. 1) Select 120 students by random sampling are asked to fill in a satisfaction questionnaire scale, to select size of three dimensions vector card in order to apply in the classroom. 2) Select 60 students by random sampling to do achievement test and take the test to be used in the classroom. The methods used in analysis of achievement test by the Kuder-Richardson Method (KR- 20). The results show that 12 items of achievement test are appropriate to be applied in the classroom. The achievement test gets Difficulty (P) = 0.40-0.67, Discrimination = 0.33-0.73 and Reliability (r) = 0.70.The experimental in the classroom. 3) Select 60 students by random sampling divide into two groups; group one (the controlled group) with 30 students was chosen to study in the vector product lesson by the regular teaching method. Group two (the experimental group) with 30 students was chosen to learn the vector product lesson with three dimensions vector card. 4) Analyzed data between the controlled group and the experimental group, the result showed that experimental group got higher achievement test than the controlled group significant at .01 level.

In quantum optics (optical coherence) theorem, many sources are employed in the laboratory are secondary planar sources. A source of this kind is usually an aperture in an opaque planar surface screen, illuminated either directly or via an optical system with primary sources. The expression following into the formulation of the radiation in radiant intensity which, analytical solution has not given the time evolution of amplitude. In this research, we consider this problem in quantum field theory (QFT) view point. By using the method of study based on a configuration space for explaining characteristic of the complete process, which begins and ends with the vacuum state so-called vacuum-to-vacuum transition amplitude between emitters and detectors. Propose in this research, we attend and explain the radiation for radiant intensity with time evolution process. To calculation amplitude transition of massive quantum particles propagator stimulated emission by secondary planar surface sources in space-time. Finally, we use the mathematical program for corresponding numerical evaluations between quantum optics and quantum field theory situation.

Basketball shooting is a basic practice for players. The path of the ball from the players to the hoop is projectile motion. For undergraduate introductory physics courses student must be taught about projectile motion. Basketball shooting can be used as a case study for learning projectile motion from real-life situation. In this research, we discuss the relationship between optimal angle, minimum initial velocity and the height of the ball before the player shoots the ball for basketball shooting problem analytically. We found that the value of optimal angle and minimum initial velocity decreases with increasing the height of the ball before the player shoots the ball.

The corrosion of structural materials used in fast nuclear reactor design is a current major problem. It is due to the use of liquid metal as a coolant candidate in the heat transfer system. The liquid metal as lead-bismuth eutectic was found to make high corrosion to structural material as steel. One of the solutions of this problem is to inject some inhibitor into liquid metal. In this current work we simulate the effect of nitrogen injection as inhibitor candidate. The simulation will predict the proper concentration of injected nitrogen and also observe the microscopic structure of the material before and after injection to know the ability of nitrogen as an inhibitor. The simulation follows the molecular dynamics method and for preliminary study we use iron material rather than steel. We also use lennard-jones potential for simplification of the study. It is from our simulation we see nitrogen shows better corrosion mitigation compare with oxygen as in our previous study. The effective inhibition can be achieved by injecting at least 0.056wt.% nitrogen. This amount seems to be able to reduce the corrosion level of iron till about 99.5% for high corrosion at temperature 750 °C.

Thermoacoustic prime movers are energy conversion devices which convert thermal energy into acoustic work. The devices are environmentally friendly because they do not produce any exhaust gases. In addition, they can utilize clean energy such as solar-thermal energy or waste heat from internal combustion engines as the heat sources. The output mechanical work of thermoacoustic prime movers are usually used to drive a thermoacoustic refrigerator or to generate electricity.

A thermoacoustic prime mover with low critical temperature difference is desired when we intend to utilize low quality of heat sources such as waste heat and sun light. The critical temperature difference can be significantly influenced by the kinds of working gases inside the resonator and stack's channels of the device. Generally, helium gas is preferred as the working gas due to its high sound speed which together with high mean pressure will yield high acoustic power per unit volume of the device. Moreover, adding a small amount of a heavy gas to helium gas may improve the efficiency of thermoacoustic devices.

This paper presents numerical study and estimation of the critical temperature differences of a standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover with various helium-based binary-mixture working gases. It is found that mixing helium (He) gas with other common gases, namely argon (Ar), nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), at appropriate pressures and molar compositions, reduce the critical temperature differences to lower than those of the individual components of the gas mixtures. In addition, the optimum mole fractions of Hegas which give the minimum critical temperature differences are shifted to larger values as the pressure increases, and tends to be constant at around 0.7 when the pressure increases more than 2 MPa. However, the minimum critical temperature differences slightly increase as the pressure increases to higher than 1.5 MPa. Furthermore, we found that the lowest critical temperature difference for He-Armixture gas is around 66 °C which is achieved in pressure range of 1.5 MPa - 2.0 MPa and mole fractions of helium of 0.55 - 0.65. The He-N₂ and He-O₂ mixture gases demonstrate almost the same performances, both have the lowest critical temperature difference around 59 °C atpressures of 1.0 MPa - 1.5 MPa and helium's mole fractions of 0.35 - 0.55. For all tested gases, the lowest critical temperature difference of around 51 °C is provided by He-CO₂ mixture gas at pressures of 0.5 MPa - 1.0 MPa with helium's mole fractions of 0.15 - 0.40.

Biodiesel is one of the promising liquid fuels for future due to its advantages such as renewability and eco-friendliness. This manuscript describes the development of a multi-loop control system design for a comprehensive biodiesel process using waste cooking oil. Method for controlled variable-manipulated variable (CV-MV) pairings are vital for the stable, effective and economical operation of the process. Liquid recycles, product quality requirements and effective inventory control pose tough challenges to the safe operation of the biodiesel process. A simple and easy to apply effective RGA method [Xiong Q, Cai W J and He M J 2005 A practical loop pairing criterion for multivariable processes Journal of Process Control vol. 15 pp 741-747.] is applied to determine CV-MV pairings i.e. control configuration design for the bioprocess. This method uses steady state gain as well as bandwidth information of the process open loop transfer function to determine input-output pairings.

Until the present time, modelingof the pores form influence on the hydraulic resistance of membranes and their permeability has not been analyzed. The present study suggests the determination of the optimum form of pores and the thorough consideration of the issue on the productivity of polymer membranes with the profile pores.

Regular languages are languages recognised by finite automata; automatic structures are a generalisation of regular languages where one also uses automatic relations (which are relations recognised by synchronous finite automata) and automatic functions (which are functions whose graph is an automatic relation). Functions and relations first-order definable from other automatic functions and relations are again automatic. Automatic functions coincide with the functions computed by position-faithful one-tape Turing machines in linear time. This survey addresses recent results and open questions on topics related to automatic structures: How difficult is the isomorphism problem for various types of automatic structures? Which groups are automatic? When are automatic groups Abelian or orderable? How can one overcome some of the limitations to represent rings and fields by weakening the automaticity requirements of a structure?

This paper provides a survival analysis of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) under Kaplan-Meier Estimates and Weibull Distribution. The data were obtained from the records of V. L. MakabaliMemorial Hospital with respect to time t (patient's age), covariates such as developed secondary disease (Pulmonary Congestion and Cardiovascular Disease), gender, and the event of interest: the death of ESRD patients. Survival and hazard rates were estimated using NCSS for Weibull Distribution and SPSS for Kaplan-Meier Estimates. These lead to the same conclusion that hazard rate increases and survival rate decreases of ESRD patient diagnosed with Pulmonary Congestion, Cardiovascular Disease and both diseases with respect to time. It also shows that female patients have a greater risk of death compared to males. The probability risk was given the equation R = 1 — e^-H(t) where e^-H(t) is the survival function, H(t) the cumulative hazard function which was created using Cox-Regression.

Specific water contamination requires the recycling process prior to its discharge into the public sewerage network. Electro-flotation technology was used for cleaning of waste water contaminated with the disperse colorants. Dispersion colorants were used to decorate the boxes, made of corrugated board, in the company for the production of packaging. The objective of this paper is to present a method of optimization to determine the length of the time interval for electro-flotation process. Interval should be set so as to achieve the degree of cleaning the water that is the maximum possible in the process of electro-flotation. The measurement of the light passing through the measuring the translucent tube determines the actual degree of the water purity. The measurement is carried out by means of a photodiode in different wavelengths. The measured values in the measuring tube are compared with the nominal value, which corresponds to pure distilled water. Optimization the time interval to clean the water using electro-flotation was determined for yellow color. The optimum interval for the water contaminated with the yellow color was set to 1800s.

Currently the entertainment industry is adopting online ticketing for supporting business from main products to profitability improvement. E-loyalty needs to be examined because are deals with less loyal customer characteristic. The sample are 249 customers whom have purchased for tickets online at least once. Data was gathered by questionnaires and analyzed by Path Analysis and Importance - Performance Analysis. The findings of the research indicate that satisfaction has the strongest relationship to e-loyalty. This study provides four improvement alternatives as a form of new business development strategy for showbiz industry in Indonesia.

Based on the theory of urban carrying capacity, this paper put forward twenty-two indexed applied to assess the problems of the prefecture-level city in Gansu province. The results show that resource carrying capacity is the most important factor that influences city development; the way of improving the urban comprehensive carrying capacity is the improvement of pressure-bearing index; the supply index does no tmatchdemand index; the urban comprehensive carrying capacity presents stair-step decline; the leadership of two biggest cities are weaker relatively. To solve these problems, some measures are put forward such as changing the speed and mode l of development, improving the pattern of the human behaviors, etc.

The ductile fracture behavior under uniaxial tension of melt-crystallized isotactic polypropylene specimens at room temperature was investigated from a statistical point of view. Each tensile test was performed more than one hundred times and statistical data for the breaking point were obtained under each tensile condition. The probability distribution curves of the fracture time and strength approximately followed Gaussian statistics at lower tensile speeds, but changed to a Weibull function at higher-speed tests. Additionally, with increasing tensile speed the mean and standard deviation of the fracture time decreased linearly. The toughness, which is the total area under the stress-strain curves, was found to be independent of the tensile conditions, indicating that fracture toughness is a criterion for fracture under tension.

In this paper, we propose two new attacks on RSA with modulus N = p²q using continued fractions. Our first attack is based on the RSA key equation ed – ϕ(N)k = 1 where ϕ(N) = p(p – 1)(q – 1). Assuming that and , we show that can be recovered among the convergents of the continued fraction expansion of . Our second attack is based on the equation eX – (N – (ap² + bq²)) Y = Z where a,b are positive integers satisfying gcd(a,b) = 1, |ap² – bq²| < N^1/2 and ap² + bq² = N^2/3+α with 0 < α < 1/3. Given the conditions , we show that one can factor N = p²q in polynomial time.

Tracking performance of life insurance or similar insurance policy using standard statistical process control chart is complex because of many factors. In this work, we present the difficulty in doing so. However, with some modifications of the SPC charting framework, the difficulty can be manageable to the actuaries. So, we propose monitoring a simpler but natural actuarial quantity that is typically found in recursion formulas of reserves, profit testing, as well as present values. We shared some simulation results for the monitoring process. Additionally, some advantages of doing so is discussed.

Cellulose phosphate was synthesized from oil palm biomass residue that has the potential to represent a considerable added value product for the oil palm biomass utilization. Cellulose phosphate (CP) is prepared viaa phosphorylation process using the H₃PO₄/P₂O₅/Et₃PO₄/hexanol sequence using oil palm empty fruit bunch microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC) as the starting material. Various factors affect its synthesis; one of them which is the subject of this investigation is the orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) to triethylphosphate(Et₃PO₄) ratio which have the capability to increase the phosphorus content of CP. It is believed that during this reaction, the esterification of the free hydroxyl groups of the cellulose occurred. The H₃PO₄/Et₃PO₄ ratios applied were 0.16, 1.00, and 1.84. The effect of the H₃PO₄/Et₃PO₄ ratio on phosphorus content, yield, water swelling and molecular structure of CP are discussed.

This study was conducted to develop a time series model of the Philippine Stock Exchange Composite Index and its volatility using the finite mixture of ARIMA model with conditional variance equations such as ARCH, GARCH, EG ARCH, TARCH and PARCH models. Also, the study aimed to find out the reason behind the behaviorof PSEi, that is, which of the economic variables - Consumer Price Index, crude oil price, foreign exchange rate, gold price, interest rate, money supply, price-earnings ratio, Producers' Price Index and terms of trade - can be used in projecting future values of PSEi and this was examined using Granger Causality Test. The findings showed that the best time series model for Philippine Stock Exchange Composite index is ARIMA(1,1,5) - ARCH(1). Also, Consumer Price Index, crude oil price and foreign exchange rate are factors concluded to Granger cause Philippine Stock Exchange Composite Index.

An n-string tangle is a three dimensional ball with nstrings which are properly embedded in it. Topological tangle analysis of DNA-protein complexes based on difference topology experiments are studied for last 30 years. In this paper, A 2-string tangle analysis of DNA-Tn3 complex [5, 6] and a 3-string tangle analysis of DNA-Mu complex [3, 13] and a biologically relevant 4-string tangle analysis [8, 10, 11] is reviewed. And a biologically relevant n-string tangle analysis is introduced.

Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) provide efficient and reliable flow measurements compared to other tools for characteristics of the riverine environments. In addition to originally targeted discharge measurements, ADCPs are increasingly utilized to assess river flow characteristics. The newly developed VMS (Velocity Mapping Software) aims at providing an efficient process for quality assurance, mapping velocity vectors for visualization and facilitating comparison with physical and numerical model results. VMS was designed to provide efficient and smooth work flows for processing groups of transects. The software allows the user to select group of files and subsequently to conduct statistical and graphical quality assurance on the files as a group or individually as appropriate. VMS also enables spatial averaging in horizontal and vertical plane for ADCP data in a single or multiple transects over the same or consecutive cross sections. The analysis results are displayed in numerical and graphical formats.

Nanocrystallinecellulose (NCC) from biomass is a promising material with huge potentials in various applications. A big challenge in its utilization is the agglomeration of the NCC's during processing due to hydrogen bonding among the cellulose chains when in close proximity to each other. Obtaining NCC's in a non-agglomerated and non-aqueous condition is challenging. In the present work NCC's was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using TEMPO-oxidation reaction method. To obtain non-agglomerated and non-aqueous products, the NCC's underwent post-treatment using oven drying (OD) and solvent exchanged (SE) techniques. The thermal stability of all samples was determined from TGA and DTG profiles whilst FTIR was used to analyzethe chemical modifications that occurred under these conditions. NCC-SE has better thermal stability than the NCC-OD and its on-set degradation temperature and residue are also higher. FTIR analysis shows that NCC-SE has a slightly different chemical composition whereby the absorption band at 1300 cm^-1 (due to C-O symmetric stretching) is absent as compared to NCC-OD indicating that in NCC-SE the carboxylate group is in acid form which contribute to its thermal stability

The surplus of Oil Palm is the most galore wastes in Malaysia because it produced about half of the world palm oil production, which contributes a major disposal problem Synthesis from an empty fruit bunch produced products such as Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), could apply in diverse application such as for paper coating, food packaging and most recently, the potential as biomaterials has been revealed. In this study, CMC was prepared by firstly dissolved the bleached pulp from OPEFB in mixture solution of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) without any prior chemical modification. It took only 30 minutes to fully dissolve at temperature 60°C before sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were added for activation and monochloroacetateas terrifying agent. The final product is appeared in white powder, which is then will be analyzedby FTIR analysis. FTIR results show peaks appeared at wavenumber between 1609 cm^-1 to 1614 cm^-1 proved the existence of carboxymethyl groups which substitute OH groups at anhydroglucose(AGU) unit. As a conclusion, mixture solution of DMSO/TBAF is the suitable solvent used for dissolved cellulose before modifying it into CMC with higher Degree of Substitution (DS). Furthermore, the dissolution of the OPEFB bleached pulp was easy, simple and at a faster rate without prior chemical modification at temperature as low as 60°C.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorders affected to female in their reproductive cycle. This has gained the attention from married couple which affected by infertility. One of the diagnostic criteria considereded by the doctor is analysing manually the ovary USG image to detect the number and size of ovary's follicle. This analysis may affect low varibilites, reproducibility, and efficiency. To overcome this problems. automatic scheme is suggested to detect the follicle on USG image in supporting PCOS diagnosis. The first scheme is determining the initial homogeneous region which will be segmented into real follicle form The next scheme is selecting the appropriate regions to follicle criteria. then measuring the segmented region attribute as the follicle. The measurement remains the number and size that aimed at categorizing the image into the PCOS or non-PCOS. The method used is region growing which includes region-based and seed-based. To measure the follicle diameter. there will be the different method including stereology and euclidean distance. The most optimum system plan to detect PCO is by using region growing and by using euclidean distance on quantification of follicle.

The utilization of digital medical images is now widely spread[4]. The medical images is supposed to get protection since it has probability to pass through unsecure network. Several watermarking techniques have been developed so that the digital medical images can be guaranteed in terms of its originality. In watermarking, the medical images becomes a protected object. Nevertheless, the medical images can actually be a medium of hiding secret data such as patient medical record. The data hiding is done by inserting data into image - usually called steganography in images. Because the medical images can influence the diagnose change, steganography will only be applied to non-interest region. Vector Quantization (VQ) is one of lossydata compression technique which is sufficiently prominent and frequently used. Generally, the VQ based steganography scheme still has limitation in terms of the data capacity which can be inserted. This research is aimed to make a Vector Quantization-based steganography scheme and graph coloring. The test result shows that the scheme can insert 28768 byte data which equals to 10077 characters for images area of 3696 pixels.

This research has been carried out by using ozone to address the rapidly declining quality of rice in storage. In the first year, research has focused on the rice storage with ozone technology for small capacity (e.g., household) and the medium capacity (e.g., dormitories, hospitals). Ozone was produced by an ozone generator with Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP). Ozone technology rice storage system (OTRISS) is using ozone charateristic which is a strong oxidizer. Ozone have a short endurance of existence and then decompose, as a result produce oxygen and radicals of oxygen. These characteristics could kill microorganisms and pests, reduce air humidity and enrich oxygen. All components used in SPBTO assembled using raw materials available in the big cities in Indonesia. Provider of high voltage (High Voltage Power Supply, 40-70 kV, 23 KH, AC) is one of components that have been assembled and tested. Ozone generator is assembled with 7 reactors of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP). Rice container that have been prepared for OTRISS have adjusted so can be integrated with generator, power supply and blower to blow air. OTRISS with a capacity of 75 kg and 100 kg have been made and tested. The ability of ozone to eliminate bacteria and fungi have been tested and resulted in a decrease of microorganisms at 3 log CFU/g. Testing in food chemistry showed that ozone treatment of rice had not changed the chemical content that still meet the standard of chemical content and nutritional applicable to ISO standard milled rice. The results of this study are very likely to be used as an alternative to rice storage systems in warehouse. Test and scale-up is being carried out in a mini warehouse whose condition is mimicked to rice in National Rice Storage of Indonesia (Bulog) to ensure quality. Next adaptations would be installed in the rice storage system in the Bulog.

Geotechnical site investigation with particular reference to soil identification was important in civil engineering works since it reports the soil condition in order to relate the design and construction of the proposed works. In the past, electrical resistivity method (ERM) has widely being used in soil characterization but experienced several black boxes which related to its results and interpretations. Hence, this study performed a field electrical resistivity method (ERM) using ABEM SAS (4000) at two different types of soils (Gravelly SAND and Silty SAND) in order to discover the behavior of electrical resistivity values (ERV) with type of soils studied. Soil basic physical properties was determine thru density (p), moisture content (w) and particle size distribution (d) in order to verify the ERV obtained from each type of soil investigated. It was found that the ERV of Gravelly SAND (278 Ωm & 285 Ωm) was slightly higher than SiltySAND (223 Ωm & 199 Ωm) due to the uncertainties nature of soils. This finding has showed that the results obtained from ERM need to be interpreted based on strong supported findings such as using direct test from soil laboratory data. Furthermore, this study was able to prove that the ERM can be established as an alternative tool in soil identification provided it was being verified thru other relevance information such as using geotechnical properties.

Given a set of interval-valued data, a general problem is to compute bounds for a particular statistic, such as sample mean or variance, variation coefficient or entropy. It is well known that computation of the upper bound of sample variance is an NP-hard problem. Here we consider a variant of an algorithm by Fersonet al., which is exponential in the worst case, and investigate its behavior under a natural probabilistic model. A simulation study shows that the undesirable case, which forces the algorithm to work in exponential time (and which appears in the proof of NP-hardness), occurs very rarely in an environment when the interval data are generated by probabilistic processes which are natural from a statistical viewpoint. The main finding is that the thealgorithm is practically very efficient and that the NP-hardness result usually "does not matter too much".

In this paper, the computational complexity to compute a scalar multiplication on classes of elliptic curve over a prime field that have efficiently-computable endomorphismsis analyzed mathematically. This scalar multiplication is called integer sub-decomposition (ISD) method, which is based on the GLV method of Gallant, Lambert and Vanstone that was initially proposed in the year 2001. In this work, the mathematical proof of the computational cost of ISD implementation is presented. The computational cost of ISD algorithm has been proven based on the operations counting. Two types of the operations are used, namely, elliptic curve operations represented by elliptic curve point addition A and elliptic curve point doubling D and finite field operations represented by field inversion I, field multiplication M and field squaring S that design the computation of the running time of ISD scalar multiplication.

A crucial problem in the analytic hierarchy process (or its extension analytic network process) deriving priorities form pairwise comparison matrices. The most popular methods for deriving priorities are eigenvector method, which is originally proposed by Saaty[5], logarithmic least square method, and least square method. The paper deals with other alternative approaches using goal programming methodology - one of them is based on minimization of sum of absolute or relative deviations and the other one on minimization of maximum deviation. The results of methods are compared on a set of randomly generated matrices of different sizes and consistency levels.

Microalgae have been vastly investigated throughout the world for possible replacement of fossil fuels, besides utilization in remediation of leachate, disposal of hypersaline effluent and also as feedstock for marine organisms. This research particularly has focused on locally available marine microalgae sample and Nannochloropsis oculata for potential mass production of microalgae biomass. Biomass produced by sample 1 and sample 2 is 0.6200 g/L and 0.6450 g/L respectively. Meanwhile, sample 3 and N. oculata has obtained maximum biomass concentration of 0.4917 g/L and 0.5183 g/L respectively. This shows that sample 1 and sample 2 has produced approximately 20% higher biomass concentration in comparison to sample 3 and N. oculata. Although sample 3 and N. oculata is slightly lower than other samples, the maximum biomass was achieved four days earlier. Hence, the specific growth rate of sample 3 and N. oculata is higher; meanwhile the specific growth rate of N. oculata is the highest. Optical density measurements of all the sample throughout the cultivation period also correlates well with the biomass concentration of microalgae. Therefore, N. oculata is finally selected for utilization in mass production of microalgae biomass.

6061 Al-SiCpcomposite was solutionizedat 350 °C for 30 minutes and water quenched. It was then underaged at 140 °C (T6 treatment). The aging behaviour of the composite was studied using Rockwell B hardness measurement. Corrosion behaviour of the underaged sample was studied in different concentrations of acetic acid and at different temperatures. Benzimidazole at different concentrations was used for the inhibition studies. Inhibition efficiency of benzimidazole was calculated for different experimental conditions. Thermodynamic parameters were found out which suggested benzimidazole is an efficient inhibitor and it adsorbed on to the surface of composite by mixed adsorption where chemisorption is predominant.

Determination rank is structuring alternatives in order of priority. It is based on the criteria determined for each alternative involved. Evaluation criteria are performed and then a composite index composed of each alternative for the purpose of arranging in order of preference alternatives. This practice is known as multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). There are several common approaches to MCDM, one of the practice is known as VIKOR (Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution). The objective of this study is to develop a rational method for school ranking based on linguistic information of a criterion. The school represents an alternative, while the results for a number of subjects as the criterion. The results of the examination for a course, is given according to the student percentage of each grade. Five grades of excellence, honours, average, pass and fail is used to indicate a level of achievement in linguistics. Linguistic variables are transformed to fuzzy numbers to form a composite index of school performance. Results showed that fuzzy set theory can solve the limitations of using MCDM when there is uncertainty problems exist in the data.

Algebras with a pair of non-associative binary operations (f, g) which are satisfy in the balanced quadratic functional equations with four object variables considered. First, we obtain a linear representation for the operations, of this kind of binary algebras (A,f,g), over an abelian group (A, +) and then we generalize the linear representation of operations, to an algebra (A,F) with non-associative binary operations which are satisfy in the balanced quadratic functional equations with four object variables.

A task very often met in in practice is computation of confidence interval bounds for the relative frequency within sampling without replacement. A typical situation includes preelection estimates and similar tasks. In other words, we build the confidence interval for the parameter value M in the parent population of size N on the basis of a random sample of size n. There are many ways to build this interval. We can use a normal or binomial approximation. More accurate values can be looked up in tables. We consider one more method, based on MS Excel calculations. In our paper we compare these different methods for specific values of M and we discuss when the considered methods are suitable. The aim of the article is not a publication of new theoretical methods. This article aims to show that there is a very simple way how to compute the confidence interval bounds without approximations, without tables and without other software costs.

In this paper we formulate an SIR (Susceptible - Infective - Recovered) model of Dengue fever transmission with constant recruitment. We found a threshold parameter K₀, known as the Basic Reproduction Number (BRN). This model has two equilibria, disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. By constructing suitable Lyapunov function, we show that the disease- free equilibrium is globally asymptotic stable whenever BRN is less than one and when it is greater than one, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotic stable. Numerical result shows the dynamic of each compartment together with effect of multiple bio-agent intervention as a control to the dengue transmission.

The present work was aimed to study the so-called direct transesterification of microalgae lipids to biodiesel in a batch microwave reactor. As a comparison, preparation of palm oil to biodiesel by alkaline catalyzed ethanolysis was also carried out. Palm oil biodiesel was recovered close to an equilibrium conversion (94-96% yield) under microwave heating for at least 6 min, while the conventional method required more than 45 minutes reaching the same yield. A very short reaction time suggests the benefit of microwave effect over conventional heating method in making biodiesel. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of fatty acid ethyl esters with no undesired chemical groups or compounds formed due to local heat generated by microwave effect, thus the conversion only followed transesterification route. Oil containing microalgae of Chlorella sp. isolated from the local brackish water pond was used as a potential source of biodiesel. High yield of biodiesel (above 0.6 g/g of dried algae) was also attainable for the direct transesterification of microalgae in the microwave reactor. Effect of water content of the algae biomass became insignificant at 11.9%(w/w) or less, related to the algae biomass dried for longer than 6 h. Fast transesterification of the algal oil towards equilibrium conversion was obtained at reaction time of 6 min, and at longer times the biodiesel yield remains unchanged. FAME profile indicates unsaturated fatty acids as major constituents. It was shown that microwave irradiation contributes not only to enhance the transeseterification, but also to assist effective release of fatty acid containing molecules (e.g. triacylglycerol, free fatty acids and phospholipids) from algal cells.

The purpose of this study is to continue the previous study which discussed the impacts of final demands changes on the total outputs of Japanese energy sectors. More specifically, this study aims to conduct a deeper analysis regarding these impacts. This study employs a demand-pull Input- Output (IO) quantity model, one of the calculation instruments in IO analysis, as a tool of analysis. This study focuses on two sectors, namely (1) petroleum refinery products, and (2) non-ferrous metals. Two conditions are considered in the analysis part, namely (1) "whole sector change", and (2) "pure change". The results show that in both conditions, both discussed sectors have similar patterns. The results also explain that, in both conditions, the biggest positive impact for the sector of petroleum refinery products is given by scenario 4, the modification of consumption expenditures of private.

Human iris has a very unique pattern which is possible to be used as a biometric recognition. To identify texture in an image, texture analysis method can be used. One of method is wavelet that extract the image feature based on energy. Wavelet transforms used are Haar, Daubechies, Coiflets, Symlets, and Biorthogonal. In the research, iris recognition based on five mentioned wavelets was done and then comparison analysis was conducted for which some conclusions taken. Some steps have to be done in the research. First, the iris image is segmented from eye image then enhanced with histogram equalization. The features obtained is energy value. The next step is recognition using normalized Euclidean distance. Comparison analysis is done based on recognition rate percentage with two samples stored in database for reference images. After finding the recognition rate, some tests are conducted using Energy Compaction for all five types of wavelets above. As the result, the highest recognition rate is achieved using Haar, whereas for coefficients cutting for C(i) < 0.1, Haar wavelet has a highest percentage, therefore the retention rate or significan coefficient retained for Haaris lower than other wavelet types (db5, coif3, sym4, and bior2.4)

This work is concerned on how to find the approximation solutions of the generalized Schrödinger equation by using the homotopic mapping method. First, we give the basic idea of Homotopic mapping method. In the following, we introduce a homotopic mapping, and make the generalized Schrödinger equation do a homotopic deformation, then we get the approximation solutions in given initial conditions. Finally we give two examples about derivative Schrödinger equation and Hirota equation to illustrate efficiency of this method, and the exact solutions of these equations can be solved in the condition of selecting proper auxiliary function v.

Detailed working principle of jumping gene adaptation of differential evolution (DE-JGa) is presented. The performance of the DE-JGa algorithm is compared with the performance of differential evolution (DE) and modified DE (MDE) by applying these algorithms on industrial problems. In this study Reactor network design (RND) problem is solved using DE, MDE, and DE-JGa algorithms: These industrial processes are highly nonlinear and complex with reference to optimal operating conditions with many equality and inequality constraints. Extensive computational comparisons have been made for all the chemical engineering problems considered. The results obtained in the present study show that DE-JGa algorithm outperforms the other algorithms (DE and MDE). Several comparisons are made among the algorithms with regard to the number of function evaluations (NFE)/CPU- time required to find the global optimum. The standard deviation and the variance values obtained using DE-JGa, DE and MDE algorithms also show that the DE-JGa algorithm gives consistent set of results for the majority of the test problems and the industrial real world problems.

In this paper, Schrodinger equation has been solved analytically with position dependent mass by the Rosen-Morse potential. The position dependent mass defined as the function 1/(1 — tanh(ηx)). Then corresponding position dependent mass substituted into Schrodinger equation. After that the obtained equation compared with associated Jacobi differential equation. Therefore, the eigenvalue and eigenfunctionhave been calculated, and from there the bound state has been found in terms of quantum numbers and the coefficients of potential. Also, the wave function has been obtained in terms of the associated Jacobi equation by μ = —3 and v = 2.

In this paper, we studied on the defect structures as topological by non-linear three scalar fields. By using modified Adomian decomposition method (MADM), and Adomian decomposition method (ADM) we have found the solutions of three scalar fields. Then we compared the obtained results each other by numerical solution. Also, we consider the static case and draw ϕ(x), χ(x), and ρ(x) with the choice of different values for parameter r.

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated from OPEFB pulp via sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The influence of reaction time to the molecular weight and surface charge of the NCC was investigated. Characterization of the product was carried out using zeta potential measurement and gel permeation chromatography test. Zeta potential measurement showed that the surface negative charge significantly increases with increasing reaction time. Gel permeation chromatography test indicates that molecular weight of NCC change variably with increasing of hydrolysis time. (Keywords: Nanocrystalline cellulose; acid hydrolysis; sulfate content; molecular weight)

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of vegetation covers is influenced by many climatic factors such as precipitation and average temperature. In this paper, NDVI is calculated on the basis of waveband characteristic of NOAA/AVHRR data for the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. Then, the spatial-temporal change of NDVI is analyzed. The basin's NDVI is in consistency with season from 2011 to 2013.Large value zone of NDVI is mainly distributed in the lower reaches and part of the middle reaches. Meanwhile, point-data of principal climatic factors are interpolated to spatial grid data with Kriging method consistent with NDVI based on DEM of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. Then, the relation of precipitation and normalized difference vegetation indexes or average air temperature is analyzed with F checking and two-sample variance test in the basin. The result is P=0, which shows that correlation analysis has larger confidence. The linear and logarithmic correlation of precipitation and normalized difference vegetation indexes or average air temperature is analyzed at confidence level of 0.05. The conclusion is that precipitation and normalized difference vegetation indexes and average air temperature in the basin vary with seasons and are closely correlated. The linear correlation coefficient of precipitation and normalized difference vegetation indexes is 0.8, and that of NDVI and average air temperature is about 0.77.And the logarithmic correlation coefficient of precipitation and normalized difference vegetation indexes is 0.71, and that of NDVI and average air temperature is 0.7.

Sodium intercalation in graphite (GIC-Na) was investigated by the first principle calculation. The structure of GIC-Na was calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with the aid of CASTEP module of Material Studio. The exchange correlation functional has been treat by local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). It was shown that, unlike potassium GIC and lithium GIC, the band gap of GIC-Na was not induced and has same value of band gap with bulk graphite.

RFID - based Staff Control System (SCS) will allow complete hands-free access control, monitoring the whereabouts of employee and record the attendance of the employee as well. Moreover, with a help of this system, it is possible to have a nice report at the end of the month and based on the total number of worked hours, the salary will be allocated to each personnel. The access tag can be read up to 10 centimeters from the RFID reader. The proposed system is based on UHF RFID readers, supported with antennas at gate and transaction sections, and employee identification cards containing RFID-transponders which are able to electronically store information that can be read / written even without the physical contact with the help of radio medium. This system is an innovative system, which describes the benefits of applying RFID- technology in the Education System process of Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper presents the experiments conducted to set up RFID based SCS.

In this paper the dynamics of a two-mode semiconductor laser model is considered. The dynamic evolution of a two -mode semiconductor laser can be described by nonlinear rate equations, which take in account the gain saturation. Changes in parameters of the system can lead to changes of the character of the solutions. Qualitative analysis of the system is used for investigating the typical bifurcations and allowed conditions for the existence of different types of mode oscillations in the system. The phase portraits of steady state solution of system are plotted using numerical methods. The competition phenomenon between modes is observed.

Based on the dependence between edge and colour intensity of aluminium waste image, the aim of this paper is to classify the aluminium waste into three types; pure aluminium, not pure aluminium type-1 (mixed iron/lead) and not pure aluminium type 2 (unrecycle). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to reduction the dimension of image data, while Bayes' theorem with the Gaussian copula was applied to classification. The copula was employed to handle dependence between edge and colour intensity of aluminium waste image. The results showed that the classifier has been correctly classifiable by 88.33%.

The objectives of this research was developed an integrated simulation model of an intelligent sorting system based on machine vision, which is focused on object detection, identification and automatic sorting system of cans and bottle. In this research we used 60 cans and 40 bottles for database with five direction of each sample (upper, bottom, diagonal left and right side). Performance of the identification system for correct cans and bottles are 91.33% with estimated amount of 21,600 items per hour. The success of the identification depends on the size and type of the objects.

In this research, Meranti wood sawdust (MWS) was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed drop- type pyrolyzer under an inert condition. The first part of the study is to determine the influence of pyrolysis temperature (450, 500 and 550 °C) on the yield of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis of the waste MWS material generated the highest amount of bio-char with approximately 38 wt.% at pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. Next, the char product (from pyrolysis at 450 °C) was analyzed to compare its characteristics with the raw MWS feedstock. The major component of the char is carbon element, significantly contributed to its high calorific value. TGA profile shows the MWS char could withstand high temperature of up to 400 °C. Under extensive heating, particle size of the bio-char from SEM images decreased due to breakage and shrinkage processes.

Studies of spectrum emission from high density argon plasma corona has been done. The analysis of the boardening of spectral atomic lines of Ar-I profile has been curried out by using an empirical approximation based on a Voigt profile. Full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the spectral-lines of 763.5 nm has been determined from atmospheric pressure until liquid state. The study liquid argon was curried out in a variation of temperature from K to 151.2 K and hydrostatics pressure from 2.1 MPa to 6.4 MPa. These pressure gives the densities N_∞ (i.e. density very far from ionization zone) a variation from 1.08 10²² to 2.11 10²² cm^-3. FWHM of Voigt approximation (W_v) of the line 763,5 nm of 'Ar I for: the emission lamp very low pressure (W_v = 0,160 nm) and our corona discharge at a pressure of MPa (W_v = 0,67 nm) and at a pressure of 9,5 MPa (W_v = 1,16 nm). In gas, corona plasma has been generated from 0.1 MPa to 9.5 MPa. We found that the broadening spectral line increase by increasing densities both for. the spectral-lines of 763.5 nm and 696.5 nm. We concluded that broadening of spectrum cause of Van der Waals force.

Each country should be responsible for the safety of people, especially responsible for the safety of people living in disaster-prone areas. One of those services is provides evacuation route for them. But all this time, the selection of evacuation route is seem does not well organized, it could be seen that when a disaster happen, there will be many accumulation of people on the steps of evacuation route. That condition is dangerous to people because hampers evacuation process. By some methods in Statistical analysis, author tries to give a suggestion how to prepare evacuation route which is organized and based on people habit. Those methods are association rules, sequential pattern mining, hierarchical cluster analysis and fuzzy logic.

A direct and sensitive analysis of food powder sample has successfully been carried out by utilizing the special characteristics of pulsed transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO₂ laser. In this study, a food powder was placed in a container made of copper plate and covered by a metal mesh. The container was perpendicularly attached on a metal surface. A high-temperature luminous plasma was induced on a metal surface 5 mm above the mesh. Once the plasma was produced, a strong shock wave was induced, blowing-off of the powder from the container to enter into the plasma to be dissociated and excited. By using this method, a semi-quantitative analysis of food powder was made. The detection limits of Cr in the powdered agar and Cd in the powdered rice were 9 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively.

An improvised RLC interface filter for a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is proposed. The RLC filter is connected in the front end between the IGBT based Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and the injection transformer and is able to eliminate voltage harmonics in the system and also switching harmonics generated from VSI. The voltage at the sensitive load end is pure sinusoidal. In this method, the DVR produced Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) voltage with voltage harmonic canceling the voltage harmonic generated from the supply main. The VSI handles harmonic power. The low order switching harmonics generated by the IGBT based VSI is suppressed. The DVR has greater voltage injection capability. Good dynamic and transient results recorded and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at the sensitive load end is minimized. The voltage at the sensitive load is sinusoidal and at 1.0 pu. PSCAD/EMTDC is used to validate the performance of the interface filter and the DVR. Simulated results are presented.

This paper presents the design of a simple and cheap landslide early warning system which mainly consists of a displacement fibre sensor, mechanical displacement converter, and Short Messaging Service (SMS) gateway equipped with a siren. Displacement fibre optic sensors were made by wrapping a polymer optical fibre (POF) around a holey elastic cylinder connected to a mechanical displacement converter that converts a real land displacement in centimetres order of magnitude into millimetres order that fibre optic sensor can detect. From the experimental results we suggest an optical fibre sensor that has ability to monitor land displacement in the range of 40 cm, sensitivity of (5.9 ± 0.2) dB/cm and linearity 99.5% as well as the way of improving sensor performance to meet the real need. A whole system has been tested making use of a slider attached to the mechanical displacement converter. Once a nonzero continuous displacement for 5 seconds or a downward land displacement of 10.0 cm occurs, the system will activate the siren and spread an alert via SMS automatically.