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Table of contents

Volume 1129

2018

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Conference of Young Scientists in Mechanics 4–14 September 2018, Sochi, Russian Federation

Accepted papers received: 05 November 2018
Published online: 12 December 2018

Preface

011002
The following article is Open access

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Papers

012001
The following article is Open access

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Single-mode flutter is a type of panel flutter occurring at transonic and low supersonic speeds. Transition to instability in the form of single-mode flutter occurs without interaction between natural modes, in contrast to coupled-mode flutter, where coupling between the 1st and 2nd eigenmodes takes place. Blade flutter is one of the main issues that engine designers have to face. The danger of this phenomenon is a rapid increase of blades stresses, which can lead to their destruction. In this paper, a single-mode flutter of panels of rectangle and parallelogram panels and the influence of various design parameters on blade flutter boundary are investigated with using the energy method. It is shown that for parallelogram plates even at a small skew angle the aeroelastic stability increases significantly at transonic and low supersonic flight speeds. The study of blade flutter showed that effect of the inter-blade tension in the mid-span shroud on the flutter is significant in contrast to other investigated parameters.

012002
The following article is Open access

An extension of the MUFITS reservoir simulator for modelling solute transport in a porous medium is presented. The new option concerns modelling of the longitudinal and transverse mechanical dispersion of the solute flow. The numerical dispersion coefficients for the solute transport are derived. The sufficient condition for the time step and the grid resolution that ensure accurate modelling of mixing in porous media is presented. Two benchmark problems which allow exact analytical solution are described and are used for validation of the developed simulation option. The solute distributions calculated with MUFITS are in a good agreement with the exact solutions.

012003
The following article is Open access

Expressions for supercooled droplets' crystallization parameters are proposed according to experimental results' interpolation. Estimation of interphase boundary energy fluxes generation were obtained. Mathematical models of the non-spherical particles motion were developed.

012004
The following article is Open access

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Plastic flow localization patterns in bimetal laminates at the macroscale level are researched. It is found that plastic deformation proceeds during the whole process of deformation and localized in base, transition and cladding layer of bimetal. Kinetics of proliferation of plastic deformation localization fronts is traced at different stages of the curve demonstrating plastic flow in A 283 Grade +301 AISI bimetal composed of 301 AISI austenitic stainless steel and A 283 Grade low-carbon steel. Staging of deformation curves is analysed.

012005
The following article is Open access

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The results of a numerical study of the effect of synthetic jets on the flow in a transition channel using RANS and URANS methods are presented. The total pressure losses in the channel and the heat flux to the wall are estimated.

012006
The following article is Open access

The flutter of an elastic plate in a viscous supersonic gas flow is investigated. The influence of viscous perturbations of the boundary layer on the single-mode flutter is studied considering two different types of a boundary layer profile: the generalized convex boundary layer profile and the profile with a generalized inflection point. It is shown that in the case of the convex layer for thick boundary layers the plate is fully stabilized. In the case of a profile with the generalized inflection point, the thickening of the layer first yields the increase of the growth rates of the perturbations, and the growth is greater than in the inviscid approximation. Numerical simulation of two-dimensional supersonic gas flows with boundary layers (that can have a destabilizing effect on the flutter of an elastic surface) over different curved surfaces is performed. The flow patterns over them are studied: regions of these surfaces, over which stable boundary-layer profiles with a generalized inflection point are formed, are found, and their boundaries are obtained.

012007
The following article is Open access

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The problems of modeling in the CAE-system of panels forming processes in the creep mode with the use of reconfigurable rod punch are considered. The geometrical and contact nonlinearity are taken into account in the model of the problem. For the formulation of rational deformation problems the damage parameter is taken as an optimization criterion. A discrete optimal control problem is formulated, which is solved by the method of dynamic programming with improvement by the method of local variations

012008
The following article is Open access

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An experimental study of two efficient receptivity mechanisms of excitation of cross-flow (CF) instability modes is carried out in a boundary layer of a real airfoil section of a swept wing due to: (i) action of localized surface vibrations, and (ii) scattering of 2D freestream vortices on them. It is found that the two mechanisms lead to rather efficient excitation of CF-modes both at surface vibration frequency and at combination 'vortex-vibration' frequencies. First estimations of the corresponding localized receptivity coefficients are obtained. Direct comparison of the experimental amplification curves of the excited CF-modes with those calculated based on the linear stability theory (LST) has shown that the experimental data obtained at vibration frequency are in excellent agreement with the LST. At the same time, growth rates of the CF-modes excited at combination frequencies are found to be completely inconsistent with the LST. A possible explanation of this phenomenon via action of a new efficient distributed receptivity mechanism is suggested. This mechanism is associated with scattering of freestream vortices on rather high-amplitude CF-modes excited by surface vibrations.

012009
The following article is Open access

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In the paper we present an algorithm for solving the unsteady problem of the thermoelastodiffusion perturbations propagation in a multicomponent layer. One-dimensional physicomechanical processes in the medium are described by the locally equilibrium model, including the equations of elastic medium motion, heat transfer and mass transfer with cross-diffusion effects. The unknown functions of displacement, temperature and concentration increments are sought in the integral form of convolution by time of the surface Green's functions and boundary conditions. To find the Green's functions, we use the integral Laplace transform with respect to time and the Fourier expansion into series by the spatial coordinate. It allows us to reduce the problem to system of linear algebraic equations. The originals of the Fourier series coefficients are found using known theorems and tables of operational calculus. Thus, the use of numerical algorithms is minimized and the surface Green's functions are found. Calculation example is presented.

012010
The following article is Open access

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The mechanical testing of materials is regulated by standards, which establishing requirements for samples, test equipment, testing conditions and methods of processing the results. When performing tests, it is important to control the quality of the sample surface, its geometric dimensions and deviations from a predetermined shape. The essential stage of the testing is to control the fixing of the test sample in the test equipment and the need to render its stress-strain state in the process of loading. Using the method of digital image correlation when conducting mechanical testing allows you to successfully control all phases of mechanical testing: the quality of sample production, test equipment and visualization of the stress-strain state and its compliance with the accepted design scheme.

012011
The following article is Open access

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The instability of the flame front is one of the actual problems of modern fluid and gas mechanics. Depending on the processes determining the growth of inhomogeneities, the hydrodynamic (Darrieus-Landau), diffusive-thermal, and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities are distinguished for a free spherical flame. The present work is devoted to the conditions for the development of the latter. Rayleigh-Taylor instability arises at the interface of two fluids of different density in the presence of acceleration directed from the lighter to the heavier one. When the flame propagates, combustion products with less density move with acceleration in a denser gas. When the acceleration vector and the density gradient at the flame front are co-directed, instability develops. To investigate the development of instabilities, a series of experiments was carried out. Transparent latex shells were filled with a pre-prepared hydrogen-air mixture. In different series of experiments, the percentage of hydrogen changed. The flame was ignited by a spark discharge with energy of 1 mJ, a spark gap located in the center of the shell. Registration of the flame front propagation was performed using the schlieren method implemented in the shadow device IAB-451 and the high-speed VideoSprint camera. The video was shot at a frame rate of 500 to 1000 fps with an exposure of 500 μs. To automate the processing of images in the Matlab environment, a program is written that converts a set of images of the expanding flame front into a dependence of the mean radius on time. It is found that at the initial stage of propagation there are both acceleration and deceleration of the flame front. Experimentally obtained propagation parameters of the flame front are supplemented by calculations carried out on an analytical model from the literature.

012012
The following article is Open access

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The properties of interstellar gas produce significant effect on dynamic phenomena which occur at large heliocentric distances. HII region is a vivid example of the objects with extremely high radiation, where atoms of hydrogen are heated and ionized by ultraviolet radiation. This article deals with the HII region expansion. To study this process researches need effective methods that can provide information about quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the motion of the interstellar medium. In this article Cherny method is applied to a spherically symmetric case and Kompaneets method is used in the two-dimensional axisymmetric case. The solutions obtained were compared to numerical calculations. The result of comparing shows good accuracy of the analytical solution. This method can be applied to solve real problems for specific HII regions. It is also shown that, as in the two-dimensional problem of a strong explosion, the effect of an ionization-shock front exiting the atmosphere takes place.

012013
The following article is Open access

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The paper is devoted to the investigation of the random motion of a melting spherical particle in its own viscous melt. The problem is of considerable physical interest in connection with the previously obtained phenomenon of acceleration of melting particle. A solution of the stochastic differential equation of motion of particles is given. The average squares of the velocity and the law of motion are calculated. The Fokker-Planck equation is derived. The obtained results qualitatively change the concept of Brownian motion, indicating the existence of an explosive-type effect.

012014
The following article is Open access

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The work deals with the modelling of the contact of the teeth with and without taking into account a single-layer mouthguard made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The problem is considered in an axisymmetric formulation with the contact interaction including a friction along the conjugate surfaces. An optimal finite element mesh with a gradient dense element distribution near to the contact areas was used. A series of numerical experiments for various values of indentation force (ranging from 50 to 500 N) was carried out, a significant drop in the intensity of stress in hard tissues of the teeth was established by more than 60% when using a mouthguard. In this case, the zone of maximum stress concentration is not of a local nature, as in contact without taking into account the mouthguard. The dependences of the maximum level of stress intensity for two variants of design schemes and the intensity of plastic deformations on the strength of indentation are obtained. The distributions of contact pressure and tangential stress are obtained, it is found that the maximum contact pressure for the model taking into account the mouthguard is 3 times less than in the model without taking into account the prototype structure.

012015
The following article is Open access

Simulation of the contact interaction of the spherical bearing elements through an antifriction polymeric layer of three materials is considered in the work. The deformation theory of elastoplasticity was chosen as a model describing the behavior of antifriction polymers based on the results of experiments. In the framework of the numerical study it was found that the deformation path in the space of the principal values of the strain deviator have a low degree of curvature at the contact deformation of the bearing, which confirms the choice of the theory of small elastoplastic strains. The relative analysis of the deformation behavior of antifriction polymeric materials as an interlayer of a spherical bearing is carried out in the work. It was found that the antifriction layer of the modified PTFE provides a more favorable distribution of contact parameters: disconnection of contact surfaces near the free edge of the interlayer is absent; the decrease in the efficiency of the part of the structure is observed by 10% of the contact surface; the distribution of contact pressure and contact tangential stress is more uniform and minimal in magnitude than in the other two materials under consideration.

012016
The following article is Open access

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Each connector has a gasket in his composition that allows obtaining tightness of this connection. Reliable tightness allows avoiding leakages of working substance into external environment. Problem of reliable tightness is actual for connectors of nuclear plant since to these connectors are presenting elevated requirements to safety. Those requirements are reaching by calculation for tightness and strength or experimental confirmation. Calculation of tightness and strength is performing by finite element method in this article. The results of numerical simulation are comparing with results of experiment which is performing by method of digital image correlation.

012017
The following article is Open access

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In this paper the effect of fire front on the surface of wood samples (pine, aspen, larch, plywood and oriented strand board) was considered to estimate the effect of different wood-fire retardants. Infrared thermography was used as a diagnostic method. The ignition probability was estimated for the chosen experimental parameters for each kind of wood. In the infrared region the sample surface characteristics were recorded using a thermal imager JADE J530SB with a 2.5–2.7 micron optical filter that allowed measuring a temperature within the range of 500–850 K. In order to record a temperature within the range of 293–550 K, the recording was conducted without a filter. The fire hazard characteristics of wood after fire retardant treatment showed a significant reduction in the surface temperature and the resistance to fire for the chosen parameters of the experiment compared to the same untreated samples. The charring depth of the wood samples was determined depending on the type of wood, as well as on the type of the fire retardant used.

012018
The following article is Open access

New type of nonmachine energy separation method was considered. This method is based on the suction of "cold" portion of compressible boundary layer in channel with permeable walls. Numerical model of energy separation device (converged nozzle and permeable walls channel) was developed. The model was based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with additional equations of the turbulence model. Axisymmetrical approach was used for the analysis.

The quantitative measure of the energy separation (temperature separation) can be defined as a difference between the total mass-average temperatures of the flow at the "hot" and "cold" outputs and at the input of the device.

Validation of the developed model was conducted against of available measurement data. Parametric study was provided by using the developed model. A wide range of flow regimes was analyzed: from an impermeable wall to an asymptotic suction. The influence of the initial Mach number as well as the molecular Prandtl number on the energy separation is shown.

012019
The following article is Open access

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The drag and heat transfer coefficients of smooth and dimpled surfaces located in the wake of a cylinder are experimentally determined. The cylinder, 8 mm in diameter, was placed in a 30 mm-high slot channel. In the experiments the cylinder location along the channel height varied: the gap between the cylinder and the wall under consideration ranged from 0 to 21 mm. The cylinder was unheated. The drag coefficients of the smooth and dimpled surfaces were determined by directly weighing the models on a single-component strain-gauge balance. The local values of the heat transfer coefficients were determined by means of recording the rate of the model surface cooling using an infrared imager. The Reynolds analogy factor for the above-mentioned models ranged from 1.0 to 7.75 depending on the particular surface and the gap between the cylinder and the wall.

012020
The following article is Open access

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The problem of generation multiple uncorrected turbulent flow states subject to low computational costs is among the key questions affecting the overall performance of algorithms for modeling incompressible turbulent flows. The current paper proposes the computational procedure that can be used to generate multiple initial turbulent flow fields. This procedure is based on the fact of exponential divergence of the phase trajectories for turbulent flows and allows to perform the corresponding simulations without priori information about the characteristic decorrelation time scale. The preliminary validation results of the proposed procedure demonstrate a possibility of additional 10% speedup when modeling turbulent flows by using proposed in this paper numerical algorithm with the algorithms combining averaging in time with ensemble averaging.

012021
The following article is Open access

Mechanical tests and ultrasonic measurements of an aluminium alloy sample were carried out. As a result, the dependencies of velocities of shear and longitudinal waves as well as acoustoelastic coefficients for waves' propagation times on the sample elongation were received. The linear and nonlinear elastic constants were calculated. It is shown that the effective elastic properties significantly change under plastic deformation. In addition, it presents the results of the determination of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter and acoustoelastic coefficients for different values of the sample deformation.

012022
The following article is Open access

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The results of an experimental study of heat transfer for supersonic flow around plane surface in the wake of a rib are presented. The study was conducted on unsteady regime during the launching supersonic wind tunnel before reaching the equilibrium thermal state. The initial flow Mach number was 2.2, Reynolds number based on the length of the dynamic boundary layer from the nozzle throat was over 20 million at the nozzle exit section. The rib height was varied from 2 to 10 mm while boundary layer thickness for smooth model flow in the region of rib placement was about 6 mm. Recovery temperature and the coefficient of heat transfer enhancement for flow past the rib are presented in comparison with the regime of a smooth model flow. The research was carried out with the use of thermocouples with thermal compensation, total and static pressure probes, LabView automation programs.

012023
The following article is Open access

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The mathematical model of the stress strain state evolution in polarization-maintaining Panda-type fiber in conditions of contact thermopower loading is developed. The influence of the position of the light-conducting core on the birefringence of the fiber is investigated. It is found that the temperature change in the thermal cycle has a minor effect on the stress strain state of the fiber. The impact of temperature change on the fiber optical characteristics is shown to increase with the deviation of its geometry from the design values.

012024
The following article is Open access

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In the framework of study of gas-dynamic temperature stratification method a numerical investigation of the temperature stratification is carried out for gas suction from a turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic flow on a permeable plate. The joint effect of gas suction through the plate and longitudinal pressure gradient in outer flow on the temperature stratification value is investigated for both accelerating and braking flows. Stratification is most pronounced for gases with small Prandtl numbers and significantly depends on the total suction consumption. The effect of stepped suction of varying intensity on the value of the temperature stratification is studied. It is shown that for a number of combinations of permeable inserts of different lengths with variable suction intensity, a significant difference can be obtained between the average temperature of the gas in the boundary layer and the average temperature of the suctioned gas. At the same time, the presence of a negative pressure gradient reduces the stratification value in comparison with the gradientless and braking flow.

012025
The following article is Open access

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In the present paper we numerically investigate the problem of spark ignition of monodispersed and bi-dispersed aluminum suspension in the air. The aim of the research is to determine the critical ignition conditions for an aluminum suspension depending on the size and mass concentration of the particles and the fraction distribution. The mathematical formulation of the problem is determined by a system of equations written in a cylindrical coordinate system, consisting of the gas continuity equation, the momentum and energy conservation equations for the gas and particles, oxygen and particles mass balance equations, the particle number density equation and the gas state equation. To solve the problem numerically we use the algorithms of arbitrary discontinuity decay and disintegration of a discontinuity in a medium devoid of its own pressure. We conduct parametric study on the minimum spark energy which is required to ignite the mixture and provide the subsequent steady propagation of the flame in the aluminum-air suspension.

012026
The following article is Open access

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Plane tasks of the contour and maximum thrust nozzle modelling in the supersonic flow with shock waves are formulated and solved analytically and numerically. The first of the considered problems relates to the optimal profiling of the tail part of the body. This part consists of some corner point, followed by straight section and following him, unknown in advance curved section on which the shock interaction of the flow with the wall occurs. To improve the characteristics of the "shock" contours the exact solution of the corresponding optimization problem in the class of straight segments is considered. The second problem relates to the construction of a plane supersonic nozzle of maximum thrust in the class of contours similar to those considered in the first problem. The isentropic flow is modeled by the flow from a supersonic source. This approach allows to find the initial shape of the optimal "impact nozzle" for the subsequent improvement of its shape using a numerical method of calculation. Parametric calculations of the flow in the supersonic part of the nozzle consisting of conical and parabolic sections and its thrust are carried out which is compared with the thrust of the equivalent conical nozzle.

012027
The following article is Open access

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The problem of the waverider's shape with maximum lift-to-drag ratio was formulated and solved. The waverider was constructed on a plane shock wave underplane symmetry and two isoperimetric conditions: the specific volume and the lift coefficient are given and fixed. The upper surface of the waverider is aligned with the oncoming stream and does not disturb it. The bottom surface consists of straight lines that make up the same angle with the undisturbed flow. The leading edge is a curve located in the plane of the shock wave and making an angle with the direction of the oncoming stream. If the leading edge does not come out to the base section, then its design provides lateral spacers of triangular shape with an angle between their edges. Besides the pressure, our model of interaction of the flow with the surfaces of the waverider accounts for the friction, which varies independently along each chord. In this problem we define the base section as two symmetrical flat surfaces. In such formulation, the optimization problem is considered for the first time. The distribution of the length of the chord of waverider in the plan is found by applying the numerical methods.

012028
The following article is Open access

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The study deals with dental mobility and dental root-side periodontal pressure for leftside mandibular teeth. Geometric models of the teeth were generated from patient V.'s computed tomographic data. Displacements and stresses in the tooth/periodontium system were determined using ANSYS-integrated three-dimensional finite elements method. Vertical and horizontal biting effects in case of normal and periodontitis-reduced alveolar bone height were reviewed. An almost two fold increase in dental mobility as compared to normal level was showed to cause contact stresses at the dental root-to-periodontium interface to be built up by only about 10% to 20%, thus indicating absence of periodontal overload. The paper shows an increase in periodontal load should be estimated from maximum displacements of periodontium-contacting part rather than the entire tooth. These displacements were increased by 20% to 40%, thus correlating with only small contact stress buildup.

012029
The following article is Open access

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In theoretical and experimental studies of flow instabilities in collapsible tubes, the loss of stability occurs in the form of non-axisymmetric motion of the tube walls with the partial or full collapse of the tube, while the axisymmetric perturbations of the tube are damped. However, for the case of non-Newtonian power law fluid, axisymmetric perturbations can grow for a small power law index n. An analysis of infinite-length tube shows that instability is possible only for power law index n<0.611, and absolute instability can occur only for n<1/3. This paper is devoted to investigation of flutter of finite length elastic tubes conveying power law fluid. For untensioned finite length tubes an analytical solution is obtained. The instability boundary coincides with the boundary of absolute instability for infinitely long tubes. For non-zero longitudinal tension N the problem is investigated numerically. It is shown that the region of instability becomes smaller with an increase of the longitudinal tension N.

012030
The following article is Open access

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Free thermal convection above heated plates formed in circles of different diameters is studied within our paper. Experimental and numerical studies are carried out in a three-dimensional tank filled with water under specified boundary conditions. The initial stage of thermal convection development is mainly considered. The study of liquid flow structure is particularly observed, as well as evolution of temperature field in a plane of the central section of the working sections. Within the study different heating conditions are considered: the diameter of the round source is in the range from 0.010 to 0.024 m, and the Rayleigh number varies in the range from 1.0·102 to 1.30·105. The standard system of Navier-Stokes equations is numerically solved by finite element method to study systematically convection from heat sources of various sizes by the software package COMSOL Multiphysics. Values of the control parameter are estimated in the course of the work. At the control parameter the transition from one flow regime to another one is observed. In addition, an experimental study is carried out to verify the results of numerical simulation. As a result, a qualitative agreement has been obtained between the calculated and observed flow structures during the experiments.

012031
The following article is Open access

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Electrostatic and ultrasonic precipitators have been put to good use in many industries in the manufacture of iron, cement, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, cellulose, etc. However, the efficiency of using dust collectors based on externally applied fields (electrostatic and ultrasonic) varies widely with physicochemical behaviour of an airborne particulate system. The capture efficiency of airborne particulates of different type is influenced by the precipitation device design. The fact that suspended aerosol particles are polysized and their precipitation rate in the air stream is different, also poses a special difficulty. In these days, the capture efficiency of aerosol particulates is under improvement through combining several kinds of exposure applied to aerosol particulates at a time.

012032
The following article is Open access

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Numerical simulation of three-dimensional interaction of a shock with thin circular or non-circular – elliptic or rectangular – low-density gas channel is presented. Euler's equations for inviscid gas are solved using 5th-order finite-difference WENO scheme. Large-scaled shock wave precursor structure is described in detail. It is shown that in three-dimensional flow internal shear layer instabilities develop faster than in axisymmetric case. High-pressure jet cumulation effect is found to amplify moderately for elliptic and rectangular cases. An influence of channel cross-section shape on the precursor growth rate is studied. It is found that the duration of linear precursor growth phase is greatly increased for stretched channel cross-section shapes.

012033
The following article is Open access

Experimental studies are helpful for both verifying existing theoretical predictions and finding new phenomena. Conducting long-term high-temperature experiments is subject to a number of difficulties. These difficulties are considered when conducting high-temperature tests for creep and long-term strength.. The paper presents solutions to the most typical problems arising during the set-up and running of long-term tests. The problems of stabilization of the temperature in the furnace, measurement of the parameters of the heated specimen and fire safety are considered.

012034
The following article is Open access

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Ultrathin fibers based on biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate were obtained by electrospinning method. Using the methods of scanning electron and optical microscopy, macrophysical characteristics of the fibrous layer were established and classified. Physical and mechanical properties of materials and their changes under the influence of the ozone gas as a sterilizing agent were also determined. The paper shows the principal features of nonwoven materials based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate obtained by electrospinning method, which contribute to their use as effective medical materials.

012035
The following article is Open access

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In the theory of one-dimensional non stationary adiabatic gas dynamics the motion of a perfect ideal gas with plane waves is considered. With the help of Lagrangian mass variable the equations can be reduced to the system with quadratic nonlinearity. The solutions for the motion law and pressure, in particular, are sought in the form of series in powers of the sine of time with coefficients depending on the mass. For the series construction it is necessary to define the first three coefficients according to initial conditions. All the other coefficients are calculated recurrently without solving any differential equations or integration. Numerical calculations of series coefficients also show a regular behavior of the constructed solutions under certain restrictions on the derivatives of predetermined functions. The advantage of this approach over the Fourier series expansions of motion law and pressure is precisely the finiteness of algebraic recurrence relations associated only with the computation of derivatives with respect to the mass. As a result a new class of gas dynamics solutions is obtained. The examples with no any singularity are presented. The way to generalize the constructed solution is discussed.

012036
The following article is Open access

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This work is devoted to study of stress-strain properties of blends based on low-density polyethylene and natural rubber depending on the compounding technique and compatibilizer presence. By the investigation results, compositions of blends based on polyethylene and natural rubber characterized by optimal stress-strain properties and effective techniques of their compounding were proposed.

012037
The following article is Open access

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We analyze the nature of instability (absolute or convective) of a jet velocity profile obtained in preceding experimental studies. It is surprisingly found that local instability of the velocity profile near the orifice is absolute. Physical mechanism of absolute instability is revealed. Hence, absolute instability of a jet does not require counterflow, as was considered before. However, the instability observed in experiments is convective due to rapid spreading of the jet downstream from the orifice and the change of instability nature from absolute to convective. Possible methods of the prolongation of local absolute instability and its applications are discussed.

012038
The following article is Open access

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We consider the stability problem for wide uniform stationary open flows down a slope with constant inclination under gravity. The depth-averaged equations are used with arbitrary dependence of the bottom friction on the flow depth and depth-averaged velocity. The stability conditions relatively to perturbations propagating along the flow are widely known. In this paper we focus on the effect of oblique perturbations that propagate at an arbitrary angle to the velocity of the undisturbed flow. We have found that under certain conditions the oblique perturbations can grow even when the perturbations propagating along the flow are damped. This means that the stability conditions found in the investigation of the one-dimensional problem are insufficient for the stability of the flow if oblique perturbations are possible.

012039
The following article is Open access

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The results of the adiabatic wall temperature measurements of a flat surface placed in a supersonic flow with Mach number M=2.95 are presented. Two flow regimes were investigated. The first is a single-phase flow of dry air, the second is an air-drop stream consisting of a mixture of dry air and finely dispersed water droplets. The presence of droplets in the flow led to the formation of ice sheets on the measured surface, which in turn became the source of shock waves, which caused a strong non-uniformity in the variation of the static pressure and temperature on the measured surface. At this stage, the first data on the rate of cooling of the surface of the adiabatic plate with two flow regimes were obtained.

012040
The following article is Open access

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The paper is consider unsteady piezoelectromagnetic processes in a multicomponent elastic medium coupled with diffusion effect. It is assumed that there is no direct piezoelectric effect, which allows us to consider the problem in an uncoupled formulation. To find the solution, we used the Laplace transform with respect to time and the Fourier expansion term of the spatial coordinate. The Green's functions and the formulas for electric and magnetic field in a piezoelectric are obtained. Fields of displacements and concentrations increments within the layer are found. Test calculations are done for piezoceramic material and calculations results are presented in an analytical and in a graphical form.