Table of contents

Preface

The 2017 3rd International Conference on Energy Materials and Environment Engineering (ICEMEE 2017) was successfully held from March 10-12, 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand. The conference addressed recent development in Energy Materials & Environment Engineering and the relevant applications. The technical program consisted of 4 international keynote speakers, 19 invited speakers, 30 oral presentations, and a poster session with more that 70 posters.

This volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) is a compilation of the accepted papers in ICEMEE2017 and represents important results that were presented in the conference. The electronic submission and handling of the manuscripts via the conference website, including the selection of reviewers and evaluation of manuscripts, were identical to the procedures applied to manuscripts submitted as regular contributions for publication in peer reviewed journals.

The organization of this conference and the preparation of proceedings volume would have been impossible without the tremendous efforts and dedication of many individuals. Prof. Sivakumar Manickam oversaw the organization of the Conference. We would like to acknowledge a large team of reviewers for their timely submission of quality reports. Without this support, the conference could not have been successful. We sincerely hope that ICEMEE2017 will serve as an ideal forum for academia, industrial practitioners and government agents.

Prof. Sivakumar Manickam

University of Nottingham, Malaysia

General Chairman of ICEMEE2017

Organizing Committees

Co-Chair

Prof. Avi Friedman, McGill University, Canada

Prof. SIVAKUMAR MANICKAM, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, MALAYSIA

Organizing Committee

Prof. Dr. Jinlong Zhang, East China University of Science and Technology, China

Dr. Paolo Beccarelli, The University of Nottingham, UK

Dr. Azharul karim, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

A. Prof. Fredy Kurniawan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, INDONESIA

A. Prof. Hakan CALISKAN, Usak University, TURKEY

Prof. Chris Bowen, University of Bath, UK

Dr. Masa Noguchi, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, Australia

Lecturer. Alper KEREM, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Turkey

Dr. Xingxing Zhang, University of Nottingham Ningbo, China

Er. Uttam Roy, National Institute of Technology Agartala, India

Dr. Tze Ching Ong, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia

Prof. Dr. Jarot S. Suroso, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia

Dr. George Filis, Bournemouth University, UK

Prof. Dr. Bingqing Wei, University of Delaware, USA

Dr. Nathan Vinod Kumar, National Institute of Oceanography, India

Dr. Narottam Das, University of Southern Queensland, Australia

Prof. Marcello De Falco, University "Campus Bio-Medico" of Rome, Italy

Dr. Lluc Canals Casals, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain

Prof. Alan J Simson, Leeds Beckett University, UK

Prof. Laurent Ruhlmann, University of Strasbourg, France

Mr. Tochukwu A.S. Ugwoke, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Nigeria

Dr. Ali Mansour LAGOUN, Scientific and Technical Research Center On Physical And Chemical Analyses, CRAPC, Bousmail, Algeria

Assistant Prof. Abdul Lateef Olanrewaju, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia

Dr. Diana Iruretagoyena Ferrer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Yanhui Huang, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA

Prof. Luigi Fortuna, University of Catania Department of Electrical, Italy

Dr. Laura Castro-Santos, Department of Naval and Ocean enxeñaría, Spain

Dr. Qingbin Song, Macau University of Science and Technology, China

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The impacts of five types of typical specific pollutants like herbicides (including prometon, propazine, acetochlor, metolachlor and bentazone) upon microbial activity of activated sludge systems in wastewater treatment plants were studied by quantitatively feeding specific pollutants into these systems and measuring changes to specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the systems. The research results suggest that all these five types of specific pollutants significantly inhibit microbial and aerobic metabolisms of the activated sludge systems. The impacts of these herbicides are arranged as follows according to their degrees: bentazone<prometon≈ propazine≈metolachlor<acetochlor. When the concentration of specific pollutants was 20mg/L in the wastewater, bentazone, prometon, propazine and metolachlor decreased the SOUR of the activated sludge by 17.0%, 28.4%, 25.8% and 31.1% respectively. The SOUR declined by 37.1% when the concentration of acetochlor was 10mg/L. Useful lessons may be drawn from this study for controlling concentration of specific pollutants like herbicides in influents of the wastewater treatment plants in pesticide parks.

The optimization of self-study room open arrangement problem in colleges and universities is conducive to accelerate the fine management of the campus and promote green and low-carbon campus construction. Firstly, combined with the actual survey data, the self-study area and living area were divided into different blocks, and the electricity consumption in each self-study room and distance between different living and studying areas were normalized. Secondly, the minimum of total satisfaction index and the minimum of the total electricity consumption were selected as the optimization targets respectively. The mathematical models of linear programming were established and resolved by LINGO software. The results showed that the minimum of total satisfaction index was 4055.533 and the total minimum electricity consumption was 137216 W. Finally, some advice had been put forward on how to realize the high efficient administration of the study room.

A mathematical model is developed for predicting the transient heat transfer and fluid flow of heat pipe with axially swallow-tailed microgrooves. The effects of liquid convective heat transfer in the microgrooves, liquid-vapor interfacial phase-change heat transfer and liquid-vapor interfacial shear stress are accounted for in the present model. The coupled non-linear control equations are solved numerically. Mass flow rate at the interface is obtained from the application of kinetic theory. Time variation of wall temperature is studied from the initial startup to steady state. The numerical results are verified by experiments. Time constants for startup and shutdown operation are defined to determine how fast a heat pipe responds to an applied input heat flux, which slightly decreases with increasing heat load.

This paper revisits the relationship between growth, trade openness and market scale. Empirical studies have provided that area develops lopsided problem in China is increasingly serious, while large trade openness and market scale bring about more economic growth. We use a number of data set from province-level's gross domestic product and socio-economic, as well as statistical methods panel ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimation techniques to explore the effects of trade openness and regional market scale on the three major economic regions. The results indicate: Firstly, the impact of market scale and trade openness on economic growth is found to be positive. Secondly, the overall regional disparity is owing to the trade openness, market scale and macroeconomic policies. Thirdly, midland and western region should take advantage of regional geographical location and resource to expand exports and narrow the regional difference.

Based on the fracture features obtained from similarity simulation excavation experiment in 3D mine-induced stress condition, the gas migration model in gob area was set up, and numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software on gas migration law was studied. The research results show that: Gas pressure variety gradient and flow velocity are obviously influenced by fracture distribution shape. Gas concentration distribution presents the rounded rectangle shape in the lower strata, while in higher strata it tends to be a "O shape" morphology which is similar to the fracture form in strata above the gob. Besides, the pressure relief gas mainly accumulates in the working face fracture field, especially in the higher overlying strata. In the compaction field, gas concentration distribution form presents a "saddle" shape morphology in the vertical section, and gas concentration in boundary fracture zone is higher than in the compaction zone. It is remarkable that gas concentration in start-up fractured zone is also relatively high, and with the advance of working face, its gas enrichment degree decreases. The results of the research have an important guiding significance for coal and gas simultaneous extraction.

Based on generalized production forecasting model, in the case of oil production with multiple production peak value and multiple life cycle, a multi-peak forecasting model is proposed, which can describe full course of rise, growth, maturity and decline for every life cycle. Linear trial-and-error method, binary regression method and ternary regression method are used to resolve the parameters of production forecasting model. The results indicate that parameters in linear trial-and-error method are not resolved simultaneously and the solutions are usually not the best matching. Parameters in multi-variant regression method are resolved simultaneously with the best correlation factor, and the solution is more accurate than linear trial-and-error method. Growth factor including cumulative production rate term and exponential function term of time are considered simultaneously in ternary regression method, and the solution is more accurate than binary regression method. For actual example with three-peak production, ternary regression method are used to resolve the parameters of multi-peak production forecasting model, and matching accuracy is greatly improved.

This article studied the theoretical composition of tunnel geological prediction (TGP), put forth the concepts of broad-sense TGP, narrow-sense TGP and comprehensive TGP and established a technical solution of broad-sense TGP on this basis, including three steps: macroscopic prediction of unfavorable geologies in the tunnel area, prediction of unfavorable geological bodies in the tunnel (i.e.: narrow-sense TGP) and alarm on approaching of geological hazards in the tunnel. The article also researched the methods and technical means of short-term geological prediction and long-term geological prediction of narrow-sense TGP and proposed a fault parameter prediction method, a surface geological body projection prediction method and a precursor prediction method of unfavorable geological bodies in the tunnel. In addition, the article also introduced the concept of alarm on approaching of geological hazards in tunnel construction and established a method for alarm on approaching of geological hazards in the tunnel. In the end, the article concluded that the implementation of comprehensive prediction is the most effective means to achieve expected prediction effect and increase prediction accuracy.

With the rapid development of economy, Chinese vehicle ownership has risen significantly. At the same time, the end-of-life vehicles put a huge pressure to energy and environment, which will finally have an extremely bad effect on sustainable development of economy. The paper takes the United States, the European Union and Japan as samples, compares and analyses these countries' experiences in law, administration, operation. The key of developed country governance to solve 'trust' problem in recycling is its diversity within a complete legal system. At last, the paper gives some suggestions on the issue of Chinese end-of-life vehicles recycling.

The sorption and desorption of two forms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from agricultural wastes were studied by batch experiments. The adsorption of the two DOMs on the soil were well fitted to the Linear and Freundlich isotherms. DOM extracted from cow manure (MDOM) shows higher affinity to the soil than that extracted from wheat straw (SDOM). Significant desorption hysteresis was observed for both DOMs. Due to the desorption of some aromatic substances with larger molecular weight from the soil, the average molecular weight and aromaticity of the DOMs increased at sorption equilibrium compared with those before sorption.

with the constant discovery and gradual development of low-permeability and water-sensitivity formation, reservoir protection is especially important for improving water-injection development efficiency and enhancing working level of low-permeability reservoir, which will be a critical sector in enhancing development quality of low-permeability and water-sensitivity reservoir. Combined with the understanding of clay mineral expansion theory, starting from hydratability, polarity and oxidability of adopted materials, one type of bi-functional clay inhibitor, CYY-2, is developed which has the function of swelling prevention and swelling shrinkage, and property evaluation is carried out by adopting different methods and measures. Test results indicated that: by using this bi-functional clay inhibitor, the swelling prevention rate of magcogel and natural core powder could reach to 91.7% and 89.8%, swelling shrinkage of which could reach to 61.3% and 81.5%; in the natural flowing experiment, core damage ratio was declined from 86.3% to 12.8%, and the core permeability could be raised by 3 times averagely; in the field experiment of 5 wells, effective rate of 80%, the well effect, is reached. With the extension of injection time of injecting wells, injection pressure rose constantly, injection allocation request was not finished, which influenced the overall reservoir development effect. So reservoir protection is important to deal with the above problems.

The mineral migration of alkali metal during the combustion of coal and sewage sludge was studied by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis and Factsage 7.0 simulation. It showed that the migration process of potassium(K) during the combustion of coal-sludge blends mainly manifested the process from muscovite (KAl₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂) to sanidine (KAlSi₃O₈), which included the transforming process of escaped atom K combined with Na₂SO₄ from glaserite or aphthitalite to sanidine (KAlSi₃O₈).The mutual transformation of ardite (Na₂SO₄) and albite (NaAlSi₃O₈) was mainly in the migration process of element Na with low-albite and high-albite appeared occurring in the process. The mutual transformation of anhydrite (CaSO₄) and anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) was mainly in the migration of element Ca.

The Sm doped cerium dioxide films were prepared with cerium foils as raw materials by anodization in Sm(NO₃)₃-Na₂C₂O₄-NH₃·H₂O-H₂O-(CH₂OH)₂ electrolyte. The anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film was heat treated at 550°C. The Sm doped cerium dioxide films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive analyses of X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques and scanning electron microcopy (SEM), respectively. The anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film is semi crystalline film. The heat treated anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film at 550°C has a structure of cubic fluorite. The doping of Sm is replacement doping or caulking doping. The Sm doped cerium dioxide film is porous film. The water, ethylene glycol and CO₂ are adsorbed in the anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film. The adsorbing water, ethylene glycol and CO₂ in the anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film are removed at 550°C. The Sm doped cerium dioxide film has strong absorption in the range of 1200 ~ 4000cm^-1.

The Sm doped cerium dioxide films were prepared with cerium foils as raw materials by anodization in Sm(NO₃)₃-Na₂C₂O₄-NH₃·H₂O-H₂O-(CH₂OH)₂ electrolyte. The anodic Sm doped cerium oxide films were heat treated in 100°C ~ 400°C. The heat treated anodic Sm doped cerium oxide films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques respectively. The heat treated anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film at 100°C is the semi crystalline film. As heat treatment temperatures being in 200°C ~ 400°C, the heat treated anodic Sm doped cerium oxide films have a structure of cubic fluorite respectively. The doping of Sm can be achieved well by anodization method and be recognized as replacement doping or caulking doping. The crystal structure of Sm doped cerium dioxide films become more complete with the increase of heat treatment temperature in 200 ~ 400 °C. The doping of Sm can improve the crystallinity of the cerium dioxide film. The presence of adsorbing water, ethylene glycol and CO₂ in the heat treated anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film at 100°C. The adsorbing ethylene glycols and water, CO₂ in the anodic Sm doped cerium oxide film are removed at 200°C and 300°C respectively.

The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients of YBa_1-xNa_xCo₄O_7+δ (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) ceramic samples prepared by the solid-state reaction method were measured in the temperature range 390-973 K. The results show that with the increase of the Na doping amount, both the electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients increased, and that the maximum value of the Seebeck coefficient can reach 170 μVK⁻¹. According to the power factors, the samples with Na doping amount x = 0.4 and 0.5 have higher power factors at higher temperature, and the maximum value is 71 μWm⁻¹K⁻² when x = 0.4 at 973 K, being 11% higher than that of the sample without Na doping.

This paper reported the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. The system consisted of two treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF). The aquaculture wastewater with the different concentrations such as eutrophy and mesotrophy was treated using hybrid constructed wetland. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiencies of eutrophy aquaculture wastewater achieved 56%, 71%, 73% for nitrite, phosphate and nitrate, respectively. At the same conditions, it can be found that the removal efficiencies of mesotrophy aquaculture wastewater achieved 39%, 74%, 73% for nitrite, phosphate and nitrate, respectively.

Surface water, surface sediments and suspended particles in the Lanzhou section of Yellow River were collected. After the samples were lyophilised, extracted, concentrated, purified and separated, organochlorine pesticides in the samples were analysed by GC-MS. Results showed that organochlorine pesticide contents in surface water, surface sediments and suspended particles ranged from 28.63 ng/L to 123.2 ng/L, from 0.86 ng/g to 4.51 ng/g and from 23.29 ng/g to 126.14 ng/g, respectively. HCHs, DDTs and HCB were high; among these contents, HCH contents ranged from 1.49 ng/L to 18.1 ng/L, from 0.04ng/g to 1.53 ng/g and from 2.74ng/g to 25.64 ng/g, respectively. DDT contents ranged from 1.49 ng/Lto 18.1 ng/L, from 0.04 ng/g to 1.53 ng/g and from 2.74 ng/g to 25.64 ng/g, respectively. Component analysis results showed that organochlorine pesticide in the Lanzhou section of Yellow River was mainly from early residues or soil after pesticides were applied and long-term weathering occurred. Correlation analysis results showed that total organic carbon was an important factor affecting the distribution of organochlorine pesticide in sediments. Moderate organochlorine pesticide contents were detected in surface water in Lanzhou section of Yellow River compared with other rivers in our country and in other countries. Furthermore, the ecological risk of organochlorine pesticide in surface sediments was low.

Geothermal is a kind of mineral resources with valuable comprehensive. It has many functions and wide use. In this paper, the present situation and existing problems of geothermal development and utilization in Henan Province have been discussed. On this basis, countermeasures including geothermal management and technical aspects have been put forward for rational, efficient exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in Henan Province.

The safety of the extended range electric vehicle is seriously affected by the misalignment fault. Therefore, this paper analyzed the electric vehicle extended range misalignment based on rigid-flexible dynamics. Through comprehensively applied the hybrid modeling of rigid-flexible and the method of fault diagnosis of machinery and equipment comprehensively, it established a extender hybrid rigid flexible mechanical model by means of the software ADAMS and ANSYS. By setting the relevant parameters to simulate the misalignment of shafting, the failure phenomenon, the spectrum analysis and the evolution rules were analyzed. It concluded that 0.5th and 1 harmonics are considered as the characteristic parameters of misalignment diagnostics for electric vehicle extended range.

Gas is continuously driven into the oil rim with the decrease of the oil rim pressure during the process of gas-cap expansion. In order to study the morphological changes in the process of oil-gas interfacial migration, the one-dimensional displacement device is used to analyze the oil-gas interface at different displacement angle and displacement velocity. The results show that the migration of outer boundary is faster than the inner boundary of the oil and gas interface in the process of oil-gas interfacial migration, and there are big differences in migration pattern of oil-gas interface at different displacement angle and displacement velocity. In order to quantitative character the interface morphology with different the displacement angle and displacement velocity, the new factor is used to describe the oil and gas interface morphology and the value of the factor can be calculated using the displacement angle and displacement velocity. The relationship between oil-gas interface form factor and displacement velocity is logarithmically determined for different displacement angles, which can provide guidance for the rational exploitation of gas-cap expansion energy with gas cap reservoir to achieve the aim of improving the overall development effect of gas cap reservoir

The research on the uplift bearing capacity of expanded pile is less, which lead to develop slowly of mechanism of expanded pile. The finite element software is used to simulate the bearing capacity of expanded pile, and the friction between the pile and soil is simulated by surface contact. The simulations show the ultimate bearing capacity and the distribution of side friction of the expanded pile. Along with the displacement moves bigger, the side friction of upper expanded pile is fully used. When the displacement moves to a special level, the side friction of whole pile is fully used. If the load is bigger than the 25000kPa, the expanded pile will be destroyed.

In order to realize the automatic recognition of cherry in the natural environment, this paper designed a robot vision system recognition method. The first step of this method is to pre-process the cherry image by median filtering. The second step is to identify the colour of the cherry through the 0.9R-G colour difference formula, and then use the Otsu algorithm for threshold segmentation. The third step is to remove noise by using the area threshold. The fourth step is to remove the holes in the cherry image by morphological closed and open operation. The fifth step is to obtain the centroid and contour of cherry by using the smallest external rectangular and the Hough transform. Through this recognition process, we can successfully identify 96% of the cherry without blocking and adhesion.

There is a certain concentration of radioactive dust particles in the air of workplace of underground uranium mines. Some small diameter particles will pass through the masks and enter the respiratory tract which will cause radiation damage to the human body. In order to study deposition regularity of uranium dust in the human respiratory tract, in this paper, we firstly use the RNG turbulence model to simulate the gas flow field in the human respiratory tract Z₀ ∼ Z₃ level under different respiratory intensity. Then we use DPM discrete phase model to simulate the concentration, particle size distribution, deposition rate and deposition share of uranium dust particles after being filtered through the masks in the human respiratory tract Z₀ to Z₃ bronchus. According to the simulation results, we have got the following conclusions: the particles' number concentration of uranium dust after being filtered through the mask in the human respiratory tract basically decreases with the increasing of particle size under different respiratory intensities on the environment of uranium mine. In addition, the intensity of respiration and the mass concentration of particles have an important influence on the deposition rate and the deposition of particles in the respiratory tract.

3-D visualization model is an advanced tool which addresses a digital expression to the project entity and functional characteristics by integrating the relative engineering data. Construction units lead this technique in the equipment installation activities of the first unit of AP1000 Nuclear Power Plant Project in the world. 3-D technique proved its advantages in construction scheme preparation, second design, collision simulation, construction logic, etc. Through the introduction of the main characteristics and superiority of this technique, the solution and suggestions for some project insufficiencies have been proposed. This will represent a benefit for its application in the future.

To understand the situation of Karst water Trichloroethylene (TCE) pollution in the east of city, Karst water samples sampled at 43 monitoring sites were analyzed. Result shows that relevance ratio of TCE is 100%, over the standard rate of 97.67% and the maximum value is 73.64μg/L, as 14.73 times as the standard value(5μg/L). Causes of groundwater TCE pollution were analyzed. Result shows that indiscriminate discharge of waste water and poor groundwater vulnerability are the main reasons. And based on the reasons, the pollution ways of TCE were found out.

The World is continuing to urbanise at an increasing and some say alarming rate, and although urbanism is not uniform in all countries, without a doubt the 21^st century is the century of the Polycentric City Region. By the year 2007, for the first time in history, the world hosted more urban dwellers than rural, and in order to deal with this urban expansion in an environmentally acceptable way, the concept of the "sustainable compact city" was advocated. There is now an increasing canon of research however that suggests that such cities may not be quite as sustainable as they are claimed to be. As a consequence, the concept of "urban green infrastructure", which includes the concept of urban forestry, is being incorporated into new thinking on the landscape structure planning of expanding cities and city regions to ensure that they provide an acceptable quality of life for their inhabitants. The environmental, economic, social, health, well-being and cultural benefits that emanate from such an approach to promoting resilient landscape structure planning are considerable. Such an approach to landscape structure planning is well-able to repair the beneficial relationship that people once had with their landscapes, a relationship that has arguably suffered as our scientific and economic cultures have tended to gain the upper hand in the post-industrial times in which we live. Human beings have had a long, deep, cultural relationship with trees, woodlands and the landscape – a relationship which transcends national cultures. The use of the term "landscape" does not refer to the rather shallow modern concept of 'the landscape as a view", but to the more fundamental concept of "landscape as the composition of our world". Thus it refers to both urban, peri-urban and rural areas, and the urban forest is the prime spatial articulator of a landscape structure plan. Although the words "forest" and "forestry" are now generally understood to be connected with trees, the words have arguably been derived from the Latin word "foris", meaning "out of doors" or "unenclosed land" (Porteous, 1928 p34). Thus urban forestry could be described as the "urban out of doors". This presentation will consider the benefits that can be achieved from developing a viable urban forest structure as the backbone of a polycentric city region landscape structure plan. It will focus upon the Leeds Polycentric City Region in the UK and its emerging Leeds City Region Green and Blue Infrastructure Strategy 2017 - 2036 as a case study.

Effects of degrees of sulfonation (DS) on the cluster aggregation, proton conductivity and mechanical properties of sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were investigated by experiment and simulation studies. SPEEK materials with different DS and the corresponding PEMs had been prepared by sulfonation and solution casting. The water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity and mechanical properties of SPEEK PEMs were greatly affected by DS. And the hydrophilic cluster aggregation in SPEEK of different DS was revealed by molecular simulation. The relationship between structure and performance of SPEEK membrane provides theoretical guidance for the preparation of high performance proton exchange membranes.

Under the background of starting the new round of the revitalization of the northeast economy in China, there is a pressing need to set up new idea of the development of the innovative urban - rural integration. Regarding the form of the collaborative construction in the practice of rural construction in recent years as cutting point, through the internal order analysis, seeking problems, classification and analysis of the basic investigation data of typical villages in the countryside of the Northeast and oriented by the problems, the paper presents the applicable and feasible construction strategies suitable for the development of countryside step by step, so as to establish the collaborative mechanism of "up-down collaboration, internal-external coupling, extensive participation, rooting in rural areas and perpetual development", which aims at providing the rule, method and idea with universal significance for the overall revitalization of the northeast countryside.

This research is aimed to make an in-depth research into the strategies and methods to protect and develop the residential environment in the villages and towns with minority group characteristics. In the research on the construction mode and optimization strategy of the residential environment of the original residents in Chatiao Village, Antu County, Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, the contents of architecture and planning were used comprehensively with the philosophy of green design, sociology and economics being combined simultaneously to drive the humanistic and economic development in the minority areas at the same time of providing new employment opportunities and a comfortable residential environment for people, thus realizing the complete development of the characteristic villages in Chinese minority areas.

Strata movement of drilling grouting is distinctly different from that of traditional caving mining, especially for overlying thin rock stratum. Considering the horizontal shear transfer of foundation, a mechanical model of overlying strata movement was established using the theory of Pasternak double-parameter foundation beam. The deflection and internal force equations of rock beam were derived, and the influence mechanisms of grouting material parameter were discussed. The results showed that the thickness of layer grouting was the key influential factor than the foundation modulus coefficient and grout diffusion radius. The comparison with the theory of Winkler elastic foundation beam also showed that double-parameter foundation beam method is more applicable to reinforced strata.

The Yangtze River is a typical river basin in China. As the third largest river in the world and closely related to the life of 4 hundred million people, the Yangtze River has attracted much attention. The heavy metal content of sediments is an important part to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem. In this work, seven kinds of heavy metals including Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd and As were selected as the research objects, and the potential ecological risk index method was selected as the analysis method. Based on the results on the investigations of heavy metals in Yangtze River sediments in recent 20 years that we could find until 2016, we conducted a collection and analysis. The results showed that the potential ecological risk of these seven heavy metals in the Yangtze River Basin in the past 20 years had a low level. In addition, the ecological risk factors of Cd and Hg were significantly higher than other heavy metals, which should be paid attention in the future management and control work.

Oenbit village is an area that is located in the district of Timor Tengah Utara (TTU), Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. In Oenbit ongoing a conflict between the economic interests of some parties namely the government, corporation and the local indigenous community. Government of Timor Tengah Utara give legal permission to the Elgari Resources Indonesia (ERI) Company to exploit the mining of Manganese in Oenbit Village which informally is the ancestral land of indigenous peoples Oenbit hereditary called pusuf kelef and Kot-tau niap-tau (king land). Oenbit society has an ethical belief that the ancestral land Oenbit should not be produced by outside parties besides the local community on the orders of the king. Manganese exploitation in Oenbit Village cause problems contradictorily interesting to reflect on the ethical-philosophical. This paper aims to reflect the ethical position against cases of exploitation of manganese in the Oenbit Village with focuses on the local government's decision to issue a permit exploitation and ERI Company exploit Mangan assumed unethical traditional indigenous tribe Oenbit. The study found that the district government and ERI Company has violated the public ethics and society traditional law, especially the rights of local indigenous communities by exploiting manganese material. The method used is the reflection of philosophy with ethical approaches and relevant ethical theories.

The zero adverse pressure gradient plate is taken as the study object, in order to study the leading edge separation vortex characteristics due to the inlet velocity shape. With the CFD method, we classify the study cases into 6 groups (h/δ = 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0(h for vortex generator(VG) height, δ of inlet boundary layer thickness)) to study the inflow boundary layer's influence law to the vortex generator characteristics. Calculation results show that, vortex generator leading separation vortex strength is proportional to fluid average kinetic energy within vortex generator height range. Vortex strength shows essentially inverse relationship with the flow boundary layer thickness, while the vortex generator shape resistance also shows the inverse proportion to the flow boundary layer thickness. Namely, heavier flaw boundary layer thickness leads to lower vortex strength and lower vortex generator shape resistance simultaneously.

Throughout the development of literature on urban design theories, utopian thinking has played a crucial role as utopians were among the first designers. Many unrealized utopian projects such as The Radiant City, have presented a research laboratory and positive attempts for all architects, urban designers and theorists. In this essay, a utopian vision following under More's and Jameson's definitions is discussed, examining how the utopian vision of modernist and futuristic houses and cities emerged in the early twentieth century in response to several factors, what urban utopia aimed to represent, and how such version was represented in the built form and the urban landscapes.

The residential public space is an important part in designing the ecological residence, and a proper physics environment of public space is of greater significance to urban residence in China. Actually, the measure to apply computer aided design software into residential design can effectively avoid an inconformity of design intent with actual using condition, and a negative impact on users due to bad architectural physics environment of buildings, etc. The paper largely adopts a design method of analyzing architectural physics environment of residential public space. By analyzing and evaluating various physics environments, a suitability assessment is obtained for residential public space, thereby guiding the space design.

Single-point test is mainly based on quantitative statistics of productivity well testing data to obtain average α value of gas fields or blocks, then corresponding single-point productivity equation can be obtained. However, for heterogeneous gas reservoir in Ordos Basin, because of the influences of reservoir physical property and test data, there are relatively big error between calculated average α value of gas field and actual α value of single gas well, which results in application of single-point empirical formula is limited. Through derivation of binomial productivity equation in this paper, it is found that there are good linear relationship between α and reciprocal of the square of pressure 1/p_R². Combined with actual test data of Jingbian gas field, the empirical formula between α and 1/p_R² for 20 gas wells is got through regression analysis. The results indicate that new method greatly improves computational accuracy for absolute open flow of gas wells, which has good application prospect in similar gas field.

It took SS (sewage sludge), PFA (pulverized fuel ash) and BS (building spoil) as raw materials to carry out experiments. An orthogonal experimental design was used to arrange experiments on the mixture ratio and processing parameters to find out a better ratio of green pellets and the right parameters of firing process. In accordance with the right ratio and processing parameters, experiments were carried out by MF (Muffle furnace) to produce lightweight aggregates. The characteristics of products such as 1h water absorption rate, packing density, particle strength were tested. According to the results of orthogonal experiment and range analysis, the optimized parameters suitable for different products requirements were selected. The repeatability of the optimized parameters is proved by the repeated experiments of the same batch, and the corresponding product performance is stable.

The comparatively high tensile strength and low elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars result in deflection and crack width requirements controlling the design of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Consequently, when it comes to the design of such members, the deflection and crack width are first calculated at serviceability limit state, and then are checked at ultimate limit state. In this paper, five concrete beams reinforced with different FRP reinforcement ratios were tested and the crack development and pattern as well as the effect of reinforcement ratio on crack width and spacing were analyzed. The experimental results were compared with the calculation results using design guidelines recommended by Japan JSCE code, American ACI440.1R-03 code and China GB50608-2010 code. Several design suggestions were proposed for bending concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars.

Two different glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars were produced to reinforce concrete beams, including plain GFRP bars and ribbed surface GFRP bars. The flexural property of GFRP reinforced concrete beams was studied by testing four specimen beams under two point vertical loads. The crack development and stain distribution of beam cross section during loading were recorded, and the deformation characteristics and failure mode were also analyzed in this experiment. According to the test results, the bond property of plain GFRP bars was too poor to serve as reinforcement bars, while the ribbed surface GFRP bars showed good bond performance and worked well with concrete before final failure. The test beam reinforced with ribbed surface GFRP bars exhibited a uniform crack distribution, and the strain agreed with the assumption of plane cross section. Moreover, calculation method for bending capacity of concrete beam strengthened with GFRP bars was deducted based on this experiment.

The hydraulic characteristics at the side inlet/outlet of pumped storage plants were studied by physical model test. The gravity similarity rule was adopted and head loss coefficients under pumped and power conditions were given. The flow distribution under both conditions was studied. Scheme of changing the separation pier section area proportion for minimizing velocity uneven coefficient was brought forward and the cause of test error was researched. Vortex evaluation and observation were studied under the pumped condition at normal and dead reservoir water levels.

The unsteady motion and formation mechanism of the intake vortexes are studied by numerical simulations, covering the flow distribution, vortex form, influencing factors, and others. Based on the physical model test, the large eddy simulation (LES) is used in the 3-D simulation of the intake flow. The occurrence of intake vortex presents a coherent characteristic of "dormant period" and "active period", which is approximately consistent with that of the surface fluctuation. According to the turbulent cascade theory, the process of energy balance of the intake vortex is studied. The simulation results compare favorably with that from experimental correlations.

Blueberry is one of the thinnest exocarp fruits in the world, which is difficult to keep fresh due to the special structure of its skin. 1-Methlcyclopropene (1-MCP) is able to combine with ethylene(ETH) receptor. In this study we investigated the effect of 1-MCP on rotting rate, weight loss ratio, soluble sugar content, titratable acid content, antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosun 'O Neal' and 'North Road') under cold storage. 1-MCP reduced the rotting rate, weight loss ratio and MDA content, while keeping high-leveled stability in antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble sugar content and titratable acid content. These results showed the role of 1-MCP in alleviating the negative effects of blueberry and suggested that 1-MCP could be used as a preservative for keeping thin exocarp fruit in fresh.

The behaviors of binary blending systems of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO-4) blended with the laurel amide betaine (LAB) was investigated at 80°C,the results indicated that the optimal ratio of the mixed system of LAB-AEO-4 was 5:2. The stability mechanism of LAB-AEO-4 system was analyzed from three aspects of dynamic surface tension,gas permeation rate and surface rheology.The results showed that the tension of mixed system was easier to achieve balance,the constant of gas permeation rate of the mixed system decreased by about 7% and the elastic modulus and dilational modulus increased by about 2 times compared with the single LAB system.

A new 1,2,3-triazole receptor bearing quinoline groups have been prepared via "click" reaction. The compound shows significant fluorescent response to Zn²⁺ over other cations in CH₃CN solvent. Besides, electrochemical properties including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) tests are operated to reveal the complex also has good electrochemical response toward Zn²⁺.

Knowledge spillover is one of the incentive forces for companies using more expenditure on R&D to shape cluster. This paper summarizes and reviews academic research literature from three aspects, of which contain the connotation of knowledge spillover in high-tech industry cluster, conduction mode of knowledge spillover effect in high-tech industry and explain factors of knowledge spillover effect. This paper devotes by assembling anterior divergent tributaries of works to assist in illuminating on this prosperous research area, based on previous research, and finally it notes that future research needs to pay attention to several aspects.

There is a similar cultural background between Japan, South Korea and China. The construction of Japanese village has gone through three stages including conception, improvement and promotion, and that of Korean countryside has also experienced three stages of start-up, transformation and development. In the rural construction in both Japan and South Korea, government orientation has sped up the modernization of rural areas in the short term, but has gone against the law of development and the will of farmers in the long run. The key to rural construction is to improve the initiative and enthusiasm of farmers and to stimulate their sense of ownership. During the process of promoting the development of rural economy, we shall also pay attention to the improvement of farmers' spirituality.

From the experience of rural construction in Asia, the development of rural areas cannot be separated from the support and creativity of the villagers, and it is also the process of synchronous coordinated transformation of social culture instead of the single industry adjustment and space construction. The social benefits brought from the modern transformation and cultural activities of the villagers are beneficial to promote the sustainable development of modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-fatigue and immunomodulating effects of quercetin in strenuous exercise mice. Mice were given orally either corn oil or quercetin (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight suspended in corn oil) by gavage once a day for 28 day. All mice were sacrificed after rotarod test and the major biochemical parameters were analyzed in serum and liver. The results indicated that quercetin possessed anti-fatigue effects by prolonging retention times, decreasing levels of blood lactate and serum urea nitrogen, and increasing levels of blood glucose, tissue glycogen and serum glucagon. Furthermore, quercetin could improve the immune function of fatigue mice by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and elevated interleukin-10 levels. Quercetin possessed anti-fatigue effects may be related to its immunomodulating effects.

In recent years, China broke out a large-scale of fog and haze, particularly Beijing. Energy production and consumption of fossil fuel combustion emissions is the main source of environmental pollution and haze, and it is most prominent in the power industry. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship between Beijing power structure and the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution by Integrated Policy Assessment Model for China – Second Generation Model (IPAC-SGM). This paper explores the propulsion effect of the new energy industry on Beijing's air pollution prevention and control by simulating the change of development of electric energy in Beijing under three scenarios which are benchmark scenario, general policy scenario and reinforced policy scenario.

In order to obtain the drying characteristics of lignite, the effects of drying temperature and drying time on the pulverulent rate and strength of Tianji lignite were researched. The experimental results showed that lignite appeared obvious shrinkage, cracking and powdering in the process of drying. The fall strength and compressive strength of dry lignite decreased with the increase of dehydration rate. With the increase of drying time, the damage degree of pore structure of lignite increased, and part of the pore structure was blocked. With the increase of drying temperature, the damage degree of coal pore structure increased, and the pulverulent rate increased obviously, and fall strength and compressive strength decreased significantly. In order to improve the dehydration rate, fall strength and compressive strength, and reduce pulverulent rate, the drying time should be less than 4 hours, and drying temperature should be about 200°C.

Low-carbon urban planning is a key means of lessening the impact of global climate crises, and human activities is the main cause of climate change. Therefore, from the three perspectives of carbon source of human activities, carbon emission and carbon capture, in combination with the theme of spatial, traffic and industrial, this paper puts forward the strategic measures of low-carbon urban planning. These measures provide guidelines for the construction of green low-carbon city to achieve the sustainable development.

Many bays have been polluted by Cr due to the rapid increasing of industry, hence understanding the temporal change trends and seasonal patterns is essential to pollution control and environmental remediation. Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-closed bay located in Shandong Province, China. This paper analyzed the annual changes and seasonal variations of Cr in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979-1983. Results showed that for annual changes, Cr contents were showing decreasing trend. For seasonal variations, Cr contents were in order of spring > summer > autumn. In generally, the pollution level of Cr contents in the early stage of China's Reform and Opening-up was still low. These results were meaningful as basic information for pollution control and environmental remediation in this Bay.

Hg pollution in marine bays has been one of the most critical environmental issues, and it is necessary to understand the distribution, pollution level and sources of Hg. Based on the investigation data on Hg in Jiaozhou Bay in May, July and November 1987, this paper analyzed the content, pollution level, and sources of Hg. Results showed that Hg contents in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay in May, July and November 1987 were 0.150−0.264 μg L⁻¹, 0.088−1.104 μg L⁻¹ and 0.007−0.088 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The two major Hg sources in Jiaozhou Bay were river flow and marine current, whose source strengths were 0.264−1.104 μg L⁻¹ and 0.088−0.376 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The source strength of river flow could be worse than Grade IV while the source strength of marine current was Grade III and IV, indicated that the pollution level of Hg in land river had reached a relative high level in 1987. These findings provided basis for the research and pollution control countermeasures.

Cr pollution in marine bay is one of the environmental issues in many countries and regions, and the understanding of the spatial-temporal variation of Cr sources in marine bay is essential to pollution control. Based on investigation on Cr in surface waters, this paper analyzed distributions and spatial-temporal variations of Cr sources in Jiaozhou Bay, eastern China during 1979-1983. Results showed that for spatial variations, the strong Cr sources were in estuaries of the major inflow rivers (i.e. Haibo River, Licun River and Loushan River), and the source strengths were 4.17-112.30 μg L⁻¹. For temporal variations, the source strengths were changing from moderate stage (1979-1981) to slight stage (1982-1983),whose source strengths were 32.32-112.30 μg L⁻¹ and 4.17-19.76 μg L⁻¹, respectively. In general, the spatial-temporal variations of Cr sources in Jiaozhou Bay were significant, which should be taken into account for the countermeasures for pollution control.

Through sampling of seven economic forest lands in low hilly areas of Zhejiang province the samples were tested, including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The characteristics of soil nutrients in different economic forest lands were analysed by statistical method and the comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient quality was carried out. The results showed that there were differences in soil nutrient contents in different economic forest lands. The overall status of soil nutrients in the economic forest land is in the "good" level; Among them, the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the economic forest land were relatively abundant, However, the content of available potassium in soil was not enough, which was the main limiting factor for the development of economic forest land.

With the continuous development of computer technology, machine vision has become a hot research topic. And the machine vision is introduced into the field of mechanical processing, the detection of the surface defects of the machined objects. The application of machine vision to industrial production has become more and more popular.

The research content of this paper will have broad prospects and development space in the field of machine vision. It has laid a foundation for solving the problems of manual processing, and plays a very important role in the development of universal CNC system with vision.

This paper presents an effective approach for state estimation in power systems that include multi-terminal voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC), called improved adaptive weighting function method. The proposed approach is simplified in which the VSC-MTDC system is solved followed by the AC system. Because the new state estimation method only changes the weight and keeps the matrix dimension unchanged. Accurate and fast convergence of AC/DC system can be realized by adaptive weight function method. This method also provides the technical support for the simulation analysis and accurate regulation of AC/DC system. Both the oretical analysis and numerical tests verify practicability, validity and convergence of new method.

This paper measures energy efficiency of 30 regions in China during 2010-2014 by using the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The results indict that environmental factors and random error both have significant impacts on energy efficiency. After eliminating these influences, the results present that the energy efficiency in developed regions is almost higher than that in undeveloped or resource-rich regions and low scale technical efficiency is the main constraining factor in inefficient regions. Based on the efficiency characteristics, this paper divides all regions into four types and provide differential energy strategies.

Post-grouting is an effective technology to modify the shortcomings of thick bottom slime and shaft mudcake for the slurry bored pile. Construction procedure, parameter selection and strengthening mechanism of post-grouting bored pile had been introduced in this paper. Development of study on physical and mechanical properties of surrounding soil post-grouted was summarized. The bearing capacity behaviour and deformation properties of the pile were also analyzed. It will provide some advice for the research and application of post-grouting bored pile.

This paper utilizes 60V stable voltage power, saturated calcium hydroxide solution, titanium mesh anode to analyze the influence of the mineral admixtures, applied voltage and electrolyte solution on the residual chloride ions distribution after 14 consecutive days' test of the electrochemical chloride extraction of the cylinder concrete. The results show that after electrochemical chloride extraction, the residual chloride ions content in concrete shows increasing trend from inside to outside of the reinforced interface, with the least at internal layer and the most at external layer and there are 2-3.5 times differences between internal layer and external layer. The difference between the internal layer and external layer increases with the increase of the chloride extraction voltage.

Jiangxi features rich tourism resources in rural areas and favorable eco-environment, and it's worth in-depth exploration how to develop rural tourism while protecting the beautiful rural environment in Jiangxi. Therefore, the new perspective of developing rural low-carbon tourism in Jiangxi was proposed in the paper to revisit rural tourism. Starting with the ecological concerns for rural tourism in Jiangxi, the paper probes into the necessity of rural low-carbon tourism development in the province and the path of rural low-carbon tourism development in the province on the basis of analyzing the principles to follow in developing the tourism, in anticipation of serving as reference for the theories and practices of sustainable development of rural low-carbon tourism in Jiangxi Province.

At present, the research on the size effect of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete members is not enough, besides the conclusions about size effect are different. It is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value to study the size effect of FRP reinforced concrete members in this field. In this paper, the study status from two aspects containing plain concrete columns and reinforced concrete columns for the retrofitted effect were analyzed and some new problems were put forward in this field. Also the paper mainly discussed the size effect of FRP constraint ratio and column slenderness ratio on FRP retrofitted concrete columns, and the effects of different load forms of FRP reinforced concrete columns under eccentric loading, repeated loading and unloading, and horizontal cyclic loading on the size effect of FRP reinforced concrete columns, and the influence of the single factor change of FRP paste way, type, package type and the concrete strength on the FRP reinforced concrete column. Besides, the changing tendency and regularity of the size effect of FRP strengthened concrete columns under the condition of muti-factors were given.

Concrete beams strengthened with Hybrid Fiber carbon/glass fiber strengthened polymer (C/GFRP) sheet can not only improve beam ductility, but reduce the cost of the project effectively. It is plays an important engineering application of meaning. In this paper, three concrete beams are strengthened with different fiber (CFRP, C / GFRP and GFRP) in the normal section and a loading failure test. The stress characteristics, failure form, reasonable reinforcement mode, strain condition, bearing capacity, rigidity and deformation capacity of C / GFRP hybrid fiber strengthened beams were studied. The results showed that the flexural load capability and the ductility of the beams strengthened with hybrid C/GFRP are better than that of normal FRP.

There are many researches on concrete bending beams reinforced with FRP, and the beam section of the bending strength is enhanced, it is necessary to carry out an oblique section bearing capacity review, if the bearing capacity is insufficient, it is also necessary to strengthen, so as to ensure the ductility of the beam and meet the needs of Engineering safety. In this paper, four concrete beams strengthened with different fibers (CFRP, HFRP and GFRP) were used to study the stress characteristics, failure forms, reasonable reinforcement methods, beam strain conditions, bearing capacity, stiffness and deformation capacity of shear behavior of concrete beams strengthened with different fibers and different forms of reinforcement. The experimental results showed that the FRP reinforcement can not only improve the shear bearing capacity and ultimate deformation of beam, but also increase the stiffness of the beam, reduce the bending deformation under the same load beam, and delay the extension of diagonal cracks.

The Lancang - Mekong river is an important international waterway to Southeast Asia and South Asia, which has important strategic significance for promoting regional economic cooperation and safeguarding national economic and security interests. On the Mekong River, the main aim is to develop hydropower resources utilization and shipping. River Hydropower Stations are in Laos and designed by foreign enterprises according to the construction of BOT. In this study, on the basis of a lot of research work and extensive collection of relevant information, and, through in-depth analysis of research, it reveals that the upper Mekong River hydropower development have many adverse effects on international shipping, put forward related suggestions for the healthy and sustainable development of international shipping.

With the rapid development of the energy networks, various forms of renewable energy resources are absorbed into it. Because of the inherent random behaviour of the renewable resources, introducing them into the energy network will destroy the stability of the grids. It is required to use proper energy storages to reduce the uncertain fluctuation from the renewable energy resources. For a concrete model research, this paper presented an explicit method to give suitable capacities of the energy storages in consideration of the economics of the storage, grid losses and the probabilities of the bus voltages violation, for situations of the winds-power generations injected into the power network. Furthermore, the influence of the correlation between the different winds farms on the optimal storage capacity can also be studied by this method.

In this paper, the contents of total phenol and total flavonoid of 8 mango cultivars were determined. Their antioxidant abilities were also evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pireyhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Correlations between total phenol, total flavonoid and FRAP as well as TEAC were also analyzed. Results showed that mango peels were rich in natural antioxidant compounds the antioxidant abilities were different among different cultivars. The correlations between total phenol, total flavonoid and FRAP indicated phenolics represent a major part of antioxidant capacity in mango peels. This was also useful in the utilization of mango processing waste.

Passive design has long been a concern as an effective way of building energy efficiency. However, different urban climate characteristics determine the time-effectiveness of passive design. According to the climate characteristics of hot summer and cold winter zone in China, this research chose five cities, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, Nanjing and Changsha, to analyze their residential building energy consumption and thermal environment conditions. Based on Weather Tool calculation and analysis, the purpose of this research is to put forward the concept of Suitable Degree (SD), namely the applicability of the passive design. In addition, five cities' SD of passive design technology had been analyzed from aspect of ventilation, temperature, solar radiation and envelope, then passive design strategies and methods of five cities' residential building were discussed.

Flooding in small and medium rivers are seriously threatening the safety of human beings' life and property. The simulation forecasting of the river flood and bank risk in hilly region has gradually become a hotspot. At present, there are few studies on the simulation of hilly perched river, especially in the case of lacking section flow data. And the method of how to determine the position of the levee breach along the river bank is not much enough. Based on the characteristics of the sections in hilly perched river, an attempt is applied in this paper which establishes the correlation between the flow profile computed by HEC-RAS model and the river bank. A hilly perched river in Lingshi County, Shanxi Province of China, is taken as the study object, the levee breach positions along the bank are simulated under four different design storm. The results show that the flood control standard of upper reach is high, which can withstand the design storm of 100 years. The current standard of lower reach is low, which is the flooding channel with high frequency. As the standard of current channel between the 2rd and the 11th section is low, levee along that channel of the river bank is considered to be heighten and reinforced. The study results can provide some technical support for flood proofing in hilly region and some reference for the reinforcement of river bank.

The rapid development of new media has exacerbated the complexity of urban street space's information interaction. With the influence of the immersion communication, the streetscape has constructed a special scene like 'media convergence', which has brought a huge challenge for maintaining the urban streetscape order. The Spatial Visual Communication Research Method which should break the limitation of the traditional aesthetic space research, can provide a brand new prospect for this phenomenon research. This study aims to analyze and summarize the communication characteristics of new media and its context, which will be helpful for understanding the social meaning within the order change of the street's spatial and physical environment.

Simulation of cracks and cracking process is one of the difficult problems in the numerical simulation of concrete. In this paper, the discrete element method (DEM) was applied to the numerical simulation of concrete specimen under uniaxial compression and the whole process of crack generation and development were visualized. In order to simulate the three different components of aggregates, mortar and interfaces, the random aggregate model was used in the simulation. The strain-stress curves of concrete under uniaxial compression obtained from the simulation were in good agreement with experiments. These results show that the DEM can be well used to simulate the fracture process of concrete. Therefore, the study lay a foundation for the further study on the cracking mechanism of concrete members.

Based on the unified strength theory, the elastic-plastic stress analysis is carried out under the premise that the first principal stress in two cases of radial stress and circumferential stress, and the formula of the radius of the surrounding rock and the plastic zone is derived. Tunnel surrounding rock has three states which including the elastic state, the elastoplastic state that the maximum principal stress is the radial stress and the elastoplastic state that the maximum principal stress is the circumferential stress. When the elastic-plastic analysis was carried out on the tunnel, the state of the surrounding rock should be judged and the correct formula is chosen to calculate. Analysis results show that the intermediate principal stress is benefit to the rock to give full play to the strength of the potential, so as to improve the stability of surrounding rock of the tunnel and the smaller intermediate principal stress coefficient, the higher sensitivity of the surrounding rock stability to the intermediate stress. When the inside pressure is less than the second critical stress and increasing the hole pressure is beneficial to improving the stability of surrounding rock, while the hole pressure is greater than the second critical stress, the stability of surrounding rock will reduce with the increase of the hole pressure.

Considering the large quantities of wastewater generated from iron and steel enterprises in China, this paper is aimed to research the common methods applied for evaluating the integrated wastewater treatment effect of iron and steel enterprises. Based on survey results on environmental protection performance, technological economy, resource & energy consumption, services and management, an indicator system for evaluating the operation effect of integrated wastewater treatment facilities is set up. By discussing the standards and industrial policies in and out of China, 27 key secondary indicators are further defined on the basis of investigation on main equipment and key processes for wastewater treatment, so as to determine the method for setting key quantitative and qualitative indicators for evaluation indicator system. It is also expected to satisfy the basic requirements of reasonable resource allocation, environmental protection and sustainable economic development, further improve the integrated wastewater treatment effect of iron and steel enterprises, and reduce the emission of hazardous substances and environmental impact.

PILS is a key auxin efflux carrier protein in the auxin signal transduction. A CcPILS gene related to hickory (Carya carthayensis) grafting process was obtained by RACE techniques. The full length of CcPILS gene was1541bp contained a 1263bp length open reading flame (ORF). The CcPILS encoded 294 amino acids with molecular weight of 46 kDa, PI 5.38 and localized at endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The gene contained a central hydrophilic loop separating two hydrophobic domains of about five transmembrane regions each. The gene of CcPILS belonged to Clade III sub-family of PILS and its sequence had high homology with Arabidopsis. Real Time RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene expressions were weakly induced in bud, inflorescence, fruit, leaf and stem, while strongly in root. The expression levels were strongly induced and reached a peak at the third day of grafting in scion and rootstock of hickory, which were 1.45 and 3.45 times higher, respectively, compared to that of control. The results indicated that CcPILS may be involved in regulating the expression of genes related to auxin signal transduction during hickory graft process.

Photovoltaic facility agriculture system can effectively alleviate the contradiction between limited land and Photovoltaic power generation. It's flexible to create suitable environment for crop growth, and generate electricity over the same land at the same time. It's necessary to set appropriate solar panel angle to get more solar energy. Through detailed analysis and comparison, we chose the Hay's model as solar radiation model. Based on the official meteorological data got from Haikou Meteorological Bureau, and by comparing the amount of radiation obtained at different tilted angles per month, the optimal placement angle of PV panels at different seasons in Haikou was obtained through calculation, and the optimal placement angle from April to October was also obtained. Through optimized angle and arrangement of solar photovoltaic panels, we can get greater power efficiency.

Creepage distance and clearance testing are the basic testing items in the safety standards for almost all electrical and electronic products. A typical sample group is designed in this paper for the purpose of proficiency testing programmes. The sample group is composed of two kinds of circuit board. The length of the creepage distance of the two circuit boards in pollution degree 2 and 3 are the same but with different paths. This sample group includes three testing points. This sample group is designed beneficial for numerical statistics and avoiding the data complicity in the laboratory. It can be used for effective laboratory monitoring.

Manure application could accelerate the environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils. In this study, the prevalence of sulfonamide resistant bacteria and resistance genes was investigated in agricultural soils to which organic manures had been applied in Tianjin, China. Anti-sulfonamide bacteria were found in the range of 3.29 × 10⁴ to 1.70 × 10⁵ CFU/g dry soil, occupying 1.5% to 2.2% of total viable counts. And sulI and sulII genes were detected in all sampling sites, with relative abundances of 5.69 × 10⁻⁵ to 6.95 × 10⁻⁴ and 4.28 × 10⁻⁴ to 1.25 × 10⁻³ respectively. No significant correlations between cultivable sulfonamide resistant bacteria and sul genes were found in this study. While sulI showed significant positive correlation with soil organic matter. Overall, the results highlight that soil plays an important role in resistance genes capture as the environmental reservoir.

To design Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in a sustainable way, this paper investigates the properties of UHPC containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). The flexural strength, compressive strength, and microstructure of the UHPC are examined. Results indicate that it is possible to design UHPC with very low cement amount. On the basis of 30% FA replacement, the incorporation of 10% and 20% SF shows equivalent or higher mechanical properties compared to the reference samples. The microstructure and pore volume of developed UHPC indicated a high correlation with its compressive strength. Efficiency factor (k-value) is calculated as an indicator to predict the flexural and compressive strength of UHPC with SCMs in terms of their synergistic effects.

The experimental results show that the infrared thermal imaging can observe the overall temperature distribution of canopy in rice much more intuitively. The canopy temperature of different soil water potentials in the field showed a regular change, and the rice canopy reached the highest temperature at 13:00-15:00, and the lowest at 2:00-4:00. The range of temperature difference between the crown and the air is gradually increased with the prolongation of the water stress. And the best effect of water stress to observe was at 13:00-15:00 through canopy temperature.

Cigarette paper, as one of the significant materials used for combustion, has special and direct influence on the smoke, also directly influencing the ash appearance of cigarettes before and after combustion. In this paper, full hemp cigarette paper was prepared through creative beating and mixing slurry technology, and the advantages of the preparation process were analyzed. Full hemp cigarette paper was creatively applied to the preparation and verification of slim cigarettes, and the ash integration effect in the process of burning and its influence on whiteness were verified. At the same time, the physical and chemical indexes of cigarette paper were tested and studied, and sensory evaluation was applied to verify the effect of cigarette paper on sensory quality.

Loss on ignition (LOI) is a very common method for estimating the volatile species in solid sample. Normally, the measurement of LOI can be convenient and accurate, but for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash, the process may become intricate due to the complexity of the sample. In the incineration ash, there exist various phases, such as mineral, metal, organic and glass. The reaction and transformation of some materials during heating will influence the measurement. 5 incineration ash samples were selected and tested in this study. LOI content was basically measured at high (850°C) and relatively low (440°C) temperatures. The comparison between these two measurements showed a large difference. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were carried out to investigate the mineral changes and weight losses with different ignition temperatures. The mineralogical analysis suggests that the decomposition of hydrate and carbonate phases cannot be neglected for LOI measurement of incineration. A long-time heating under relatively lower temperature (400∼450°C) compared with soil sample measurement (≥500°C) was recommended by this study.

In this study, we determined the influence of exogenous GSH on cadmium toxicity to cole. GSH addition had beneficial effect on plant development and growth, especially on aboveground biomass and root length. Despite that exogenous GSH insignificantly promoted Cd uptake by the plant, it could decrease of Cd root-to-shoot transport and ameliorate Cd toxicity to the plant. At 6 mg Cd kg-1 soil, GSH addition well countered the Cd-induced significant reduction in CAT activity, but only insignificantly decreased MDA content, suggesting exogenous GSH might indirectly protect plant against oxidative stress via regulating antioxidative enzyme activities. However, at 12 mg Cd kg-1 soil, GSH application insignificantly increased the antioxidant activities but significantly decreased MDA content, indicating external GSH could directly participate in removing radical oxygen species. The results suggest exogenous GSH may have the potential of decreasing Cd accumulation in the edible parts of cultivars and alleviating Cd toxicity.

According to the lack of traditional method measuring high water-cut production level effectively, this paper discusses the measurement of high water content by Rayleigh scattering. When launching high-frequency electromagnetic waves downward along the axial, the diameter of the oil-in-water emulsion can range from millimeter to centimeter in an oil-water two-phase case. Because the Electromagnetic Wave can be scattered by oil droplets and is related to their quantities and size, we can measure the water content using suitable electromagnetic wave with the right wavelength. Then, the measuring accuracy of Water Content in High Water-cut Oil-wells can be improved and the confluent-liquid umbrella can also be canceled.

The achievement of value and value-added factor to the building engineering information is accomplished through a chain-flow, that is, building the information value chain. Based on the deconstruction of the information chain on the construction information in the traditional information mode, this paper clarifies the value characteristics and requirements of each stage of the construction project. In order to achieve building information value-added, the paper deconstructs the traditional building information value chain, reengineer the information value chain model on the basis of the theory and techniques of BIM, to build value-added management model and analyse the value of the model.

According to the basic characteristics and composition of heat-reflective coating, combining with the functional requirements of road materials, the experiment selects the epoxy resin with good wear resistance and adhesive force as a film forming material, with TiO2, SiO2 and extinction powder as the main functional filler. The experiment gets a good formula with suitable viscosity, low glossiness and good cooling effect, optimizes by orthogonal experiment. The experiment evaluates the indoor and outdoor cooling effect of heat-reflective coating, and analyses the road performance of the coating. The results shows that the better heat-reflective coating formula included 12% of titanium dioxide, 4% of silica and 4% of extinction powder. When the dosage of coating is 0.8kg/m2, the indoor specimen of heat-reflective coating decrease the temperature of 12 ∼ 14°C, and the specimen under solar radiation can reduce the temperature of 7 ∼ 9°C. The pavement of heat-reflective coating has good wear resistance, but the road slip resistance partly declines. Therefore, it needs to add the anti-sliding particles to meet the safe driving requirements.

This paper presented an innovation for purification of low grade diatomite(DE) by grinding, ultrasonic pretreatment, acid leaching of closed stirring and calcination. The optimum process parameters of DE purification were obtained, the characterizations of original and purified DE were determined by SEM and BET. The results showed that the specific surface area of DE increased from 12.65m²/g to 23.23m²/g, which increased by 45.54%. SEM analysis revealed that the pore structure of purified DE was dredged highly.

A solar rotary house is designed, composed of rotating main structure, fixed cylinder, rotating drive system, solar photovoltaic system and so on, to achieve 360° rotation. Thus it can change the dark and humid situation of the traditional fixed house shade. Its bearing capacity, driving force and safety are analyzed. Rotary driving force and living energy are provided by solar photovoltaic system on roofs and walls. The Phonenics, Ecotect simulation analysis conclude that the rotating house indoor has better natural ventilation effect, more uniform lighting, better the sunshine time compared with traditional houses, becoming a green, energy-saving, comfortable building model.

The overload and overweight operations of vehicles in expressway are particularly serious in China recently. Research on the extreme maximum value of the vehicle loads is an urgent problem in the bridge design. On the basis of statistical analysis of the WIM data from Yu-Zhan Expressway under toll-by-weight mode in Guangdong Province, the POT probability model of gross weight of the vehicle was established by the extreme value theory. It can predict the probability distribution of operating vehicle loads in any recurrence period. Results showed that the overweight vehicles were not accidental, and there may be heavier vehicles in the future. It is necessary to improve and modify the current toll-by-weight charging policy.

Growing need for construction of infrastructures and buildings in fast urbanization process creates challenges of interaction between buildings under construction and adjacent existing buildings. This paper presents the mitigation of contradiction between two parties who are involved the interaction using civil engineering techniques. Through the in-depth analysis of the results of monitoring surveys and enhanced accuracy and reliability of surveys, a better understanding of the behavior of deformable buildings is achieved. Combination with the original construction documents, the two parties agree that both of them are responsible for building damages and a better understanding for the rehabilitation of the existing buildings is focused on. Two cases studies are used to demonstrate and describe the importance of better understanding of the behavior of existing buildings and their rehabilitations. The objective of this study is to insight into mechanisms of soil-structure interaction for buildings adjacent to deep excavations, which can result in a damage in existing masonry residence, and to take the optimized measures to make deep excavations safety and economic and adjacent buildings keep good serviceability in urban areas with soft soil conditions.

One of the major limitations that hinder the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in civil engineering is the inevitable noise interference associated with the GPR signal. This study proposes a noise reduction technology for a GPR signal by utilizing the excellent time-frequency localization properties of a wavelet and by analysing the characteristics of the wavelet function and the principles of wavelet noise reduction. A Daubechies wavelet is selected as the wavelet function, and the wavelet decomposition and re-construction is performed on a single channel radar signal. The images of tunnel lining from GPR are compared before and after wavelet transform, and the wavelet transform processing is proved to be capable of separating noise as well as of improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that wavelet transform processing is found useful to improve the recognition of image and the accuracy of radar signal interpretation.

In this paper, the sand stone concrete was studied on 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of stone powder content through experiment. It reports a study on the factors affecting the properties of sand stone concrete include the microstructure, mass loss and compressive strength after freeze-thaw cycles of 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40. The results show that it can improve frost resistance of sand stone concrete with proper amount of stone powder. It can provide experimental basis for good performance of sand stone concrete.

Through the comparative analysis of the results of the triaxial compression experiments of sandstone and the numerical simulation results of particle flow code PFC^2D under the same conditions, the typical simulation curve and the corresponding simulation process were selected to analyze the evolution characteristics of the surface deformation field, the evolution characteristics of the velocity field and displacement field of the deformation localization bands of sandstone under triaxial compression. Research results show that the changes of the velocities and displacements of deformation localization bands corresponds to the change of stress during compression; In the same deformation localization band, the dislocation velocities are always in the same direction, but in the direction vertical to the localization band, the localization band sometimes squeezes and sometimes stretches; At different positions of the same deformation localization band, the dislocation velocities and extrusion velocities are both different at the same time; In the post-peak stage of loading, along the same deformation localization band, the dislocation displacements close to both loaded ends are generally greater than the ones near to the middle position of the specimen, the stretching displacements close to both loaded ends are generally smaller than the ones near to the middle position of the specimen.

Taking a Power Plant Project as an example, the experimental study on clay soil foundation treatment with squeezed branch pile is carried out. The experimental data before and after soil foundation treatment were compared, through the pile capacity test, pile composite foundation soil bearing capacity and static load test, etc.. The theoretical calculated value difference between carrying capacity and the actual test results were obtained to verify the feasibility of Squeezed branch pile in composite foundation program, and get the Squeezed branch pile bearing capacity and other design parameters, which provides a reference for the optimization of engineering piles and the treatment of the thick clay soil foundation.

In order to improve the resource allocation efficiency of waiting hall, the related factors is discriminated. Based on the discrimination, a dynamic programming model for collaborative optimization about the passenger flowline and waiting halls resource allocation is built by considering the complexity, dynamics and equilibrium of Passenger flow, as well as the cross interference. Besides a progressive optimality algorithm is put forward to solve the model. Finally, a case study is presented to verify the rationality of the model and algorithm. Results show that this model and its optimization algorithm above-mentioned can improve the resource allocation efficiency of waiting hall.

An earthquake measured Ms 8.1 occurred near the Nepal Pokhara on April 25, 2015(Beijing time). As a member of China to Nepal disaster assessment team, the author conducted thorough investigation about the earthquake damage of all kinds of engineering structure in Nepal. Self-built reinforced concrete frame structure which is widely accepted by the people at all levels in Nepal and is one of the building structure forms which are widely built suffered damage by varying degrees in the strong earthquake and aftershocks. Based on the seismic damage investigation date of the earthquake and its aftershocks, the characteristics of aseismic construction are summed up, the damage characteristics and the reasons of its destruction are analyzed. The main problems in the design and construction of the structure are pointed out. The advices on the existing problem of self-built reinforced concrete frame structures are given.

Application of V-type insulator string is most effective method in gale area to reduce wind deflection flashover, and dynamic characteristic of the V-type insulator string under action of pulse wind is an important factor to affect design of the V string. In order to clarify mechanical characteristic of the V-type insulator string under action of dynamic wind load, which is different to traditional rigid straight rod static mechanical method, finite element method is taken to calculate forcing of the V-type insulator string under action of pulse wind. Pulse wind speed time history with space relativity is considered and is converted to wind load time history, establishing non-linear finite element coupling model of insulator string – conductor, calculating mechanical characteristic of V-type insulator string under excitation of pulse wind, analyzing dynamic yield characteristic of the insulator under different angle of the V string, and providing theoretical basis for engineering design through comparison analysis between dynamic calculation result and static calculation result.

Following continuous lengthening of the ultra-high voltage disc shaped insulator strings, wind load plays a more important role in controlling of the disc insulator string. It is necessary to carry out deep study about the shape coefficient of disc insulator strings, learn the concrete wind pressure distribution, and wake flow condition of the insulator string in detail. To this end, we used the SST turbulence model to operate value simulation for the three-dimensional flow field of disc insulator strings. Results showed that value simulation could clearly simulate surface pressure of the insulator and distribution of tail flow; the fitness of calculation results for nonstructural grid and structural grid was very high; the structural grid could control every part of the grid well, but classification was complicated; the structure adaptability of the nonstructural grid was stronger compared with structural grid.

In this paper, four PVA fiber reinforced super-high-strength concrete columns under the low cyclic reciprocating load were studied by using the finite element analysis software OpenSEES and their hysteretic curves and skeleton curves were studied. The energy dissipation capacity of PVA fiber were analyzed to evaluate the effect of PVA fiber on the seismic performance of concrete columns. The results show that the restoring force curve of the finite element analysis software OpenSEES simulation agrees well with the experimental curve, which can fully reflect the hysteretic behavior of fiber reinforced concrete columns under low cyclic loading. The incorporation of PVA fiber can obviously improve the energy dissipation capacity of ordinary concrete columns.

The uplift bearing capacity of pile in soil foundation is mainly obtained by load test, which is time-consuming and low-efficiency. A small sliding model and the contact pairs in large-scale finite element software ABAQUS are used to simulate the friction between pile and soil, and a good fitting curve of pile foundation bearing capacity is obtained. According to the results of finite element software, the lateral friction of the pile is fully developed, and the stress of the pile gradually reaches the ultimate pullup capacity with the increase of pile displacement. The finite element software ABAQUS can be used to simulate uplift capacity of pile.

In this paper, a method of building the fuzzy complementary judgement matrix and checking consistency is introduced based on the knowledge of the basic theory of FAHP and the procedure to establish the mathematical model corresponded. The scope and the advantages in the problems of multi-objective decisions have also been discussed. The availability of its use in the management system in pavement maintenance is demonstrated by analyzing the optimization for maintenance. Meanwhile, the faulty is also pointed out.

The dynamic replacement method is appled widely to the soft soil treatment, but is seldom used in retificating pile deviation. By the ways of dynamic replacement method gravel block can form underground, the gravel block can be treated as reaction-froce base, the magnitude of squeeze force needed for retificating pile deviation is related to the scale of gravel block. Take a sheet pile retaining wall for instance, the treatment scheme and paramters calculating method for deviation rectification of support pile was put forward. The project case demonstrate that this method is effective when the layout of gravel column is reasonable to a certain degree, it is a good reference to similar projects.

The response of structural vibration depends on the degree of freedomss, mass, stiffness, external effect of the structure. Natural frequency of structure is its inherent property, also it is related to its own factors, but not related to the external factors. Firstly the nature and characteristics of resonance effect and whiplash effect are analyzed. Secondly whiplash effect of multi-degree freedomss system is analyzed, then orthogonality in main models is used to verify the results of calculation. Then the improvements of whiplash effect are proposed, also the improved models are analyzed. Finally the conclusions are made.

Adjustment of train disintegrating and classifying schemes in the marshalling station is the key of wagon-flow allocating optimization. The train disintegration and classification sequence is subjected to the priority of time departure. Under above-mentioned arrangement, the priority of time departure scheme is difficult to ensure the full-load of each departure train. On the basis of analyzing for interval time of departure train, waiting departure time and the relation among each time parameter, several concepts will be given. Using the method of single machine scheduling problem is to minimize the influence for classification and disintegration sequence adjustment. The necessary conditions of adjustment can be obtained and the influence after adjustment is shown by graphic deduction. Finally, the conception of time pass theory is provided. The rationality of this method has been proved by a case study. This method lays a foundation for adjustment of train classification and disintegration sequences.

Employee's occupational stress and safety performance are highly related, which has been generally recognized by the researchers. We did this research to understand the status of the stress for construction workers, and explore the influence factors of pressure source with characteristics of construction industry. Based on the results of previous studies, we designed questionnaire to collect the influence factors on occupational stressors. The study selected workers from certain construction units at the grass-roots level as sample source. According to the results of the questionnaire, we redesigned the interview outline, and did the semi-structured interviews on workers randomly selected. Finally, we developed a scale which combined the characteristics of construction projects in China. Using SPSS software for factor analysis, reliability analysis, and descriptive statistical analysis, the results show that there are six factors affecting the workers' occupational stress, including The Work Itself, Family-Work, Career Development, Organization Style, Interpersonal Relationship and Role Management Style. The work itself is the main sources of occupational stress. The results can be used by the construction company to provide guidance for workers to control and manage occupational stress.

By taking the red sandstone along the Jiangxi Dongchang expressway as the research object, this article takes lime and cement as the admixture agent, and conducts a series of laboratory test investigations on plain soil and improved soil, to research on the influence of the addition proportion on the physical and mechanical properties of red sandstone. According to test results: compared with plain soil, the red sandstones with admixture agents of lime and cement have reduced liquid limit and plastic limit, with reduced plastic index. With the increase of the proportion of lime, the optimal moisture content of the lime-improved soil gradually increases, and the maximum dry density gradually decreases. With the increase of the proportion of cement, the maximum dry density of the cement-improved soil increases, and the optimal moisture content decreases. The CBR improvement effect of cement-improved soil is better than that of the lime-improved soil. The optimal addition proportion of CBR of both the lime-improved soil and the cement-improved soil is 7%. Compared with plain red sandstone, the improvement on compaction functions plays a more significant role on the improvement of the CBR of the improved soil.

Steel structure modular residence is the outstanding residential industrialization. It has many advantages, such as the low whole cost, high resource recovery, a high degree of industrialization. This paper compares the comprehensive benefits of steel structural in modular buildings with prefabricated reinforced concrete residential from economic benefits, environmental benefits, social benefits and technical benefits by the method of entropy evaluation. Finally, it is concluded that the comprehensive benefits of steel structural in modular buildings is better than that of prefabricated reinforced concrete residential. The conclusion of this study will provide certain reference significance to the development of steel structural in modular buildings in China.

A high damping rubber bearing was designed and manufacturedin order to reduce the seismic response of the bridge structure. The experimental study on its mechanical properties was carried out. The results show: the horizontal equivalent damping ratio is 16.77% when the shear strain is 175%. If the shear strain is larger, the post yield stiffness will be smaller as well as the horizontal equivalent stiffness. However, the equivalent damping ratio and yield force will be larger. If the vertical compressive stress is greater meanwhile the loading frequency is faster, and number of repeated loading is smaller, the equivalent stiffness and the post yield stiffness will be larger as same as the equivalent damping ratio. Destruction didn't occur if the shear strain was no more than allowable shear strain (250%), and the ultimate shear strain was 350%. Compression destruction came when pressure stress was 10MPa. In the case of failure, the bearing was stable, but had large, nonrecoverable vertical and horizontal deformation. The study results can be used as the basis for shaking table test of seismic isolated continuous girder bridge with high damping rubber bearing and the reference for relative seismic isolated bridge design.

In this paper, we investigate the heat transfer of nanofluids based on power-law fluids and movement of nanoparticles with the effect of thermophoresis in a rotating circular groove. The velocity of circular groove rotating is a constant and the temperature on the wall is kept to be zero all the time which is different from the temperature of nanofluids in the initial time. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion are considered in temperature and concentration equations, and it is assumed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is a function of concentration of nanoparticles. Based on numerical results, it can be found that nanofluids improve the process of heat transfer than base fluids in a rotating circular groove. The enhancement of heat transfer increases as the power law index of base fluids decreases.

Regarding numerical calculation convergence and plastic zone through the slope as the criterion of slope instability, strength reduction method as calculating principle, the stability of soil slope was analyzed by using finite element software ABAQUS, and on the basis of analysis, the best position and pile distance of anti-slide pile of reinforced soil slope were studied. The numerical results showed that with the increasing of distance between anti-slide pile and toe position, safety coefficient raised firstly and then decreased, when the ratio between the horizontal distance of anti-slide to slope toe and horizontal distance of slope is around 0.6, which is the largest safety factor; The pile spacing had certain influence on the soil slope safety factor, with the different pile spacing, the safety factor was different. With the increase of the pile spacing, the safety factor decreased gradually.

The main problem of pipes used in water-supply system was analyzed, and the commonly used pipe and their main features were introduced in this paper. The principles that the selection on water-supply pipes should follow were pointed out. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using 9 scaling was applied to optimize water-supply pipes quantitatively. The optimal water-supply pipes were determined according to the sorting result of comprehensive evaluation index. It could provide the reference to select the reasonable water-supply pipes for the engineers.

With the progress of technology and the constant improvement of the requirement for the quality of life, people tend to choose light and long-span structure. Due to damping of the long-span floor is small, the fundamental frequency is low, which will produce vertical vibration which exceed a certain limit will affects the security of buildings under the action of pedestrian vibration. Firstly, the large-span floor vertical vibration comfort control standards and design methods were introduced in this paper. Next, the research status of walking load model was summarized. Then, the critical calculation methods of the vibration response were summed up. Finally, the existing problems of comfort control standards, design methods, walking load model and the floor response analysis were discussed and possible research directions were also pointed out.

This paper takes the "roof" in Chinese classical architecture as the research object. The breakthrough point of this paper would be the perspective of design aesthetics. Through the rational and perceptual analysis of the roof art, this paper would reveal that the roof shape has the double artistic features: "beauty of shape" and "beauty of idea". This paper would have a comprehensive analysis for the following aspects: the rational method of roof construction, the emotional feeling of the roof construction and the implied meaning of beauty in the roof construction.

The author brings a new structure named pre-stressed mega grid structure which can be applied to super large span architectural structure through combining the advantages of mega grid structure and beam string structure. This new structure has many advantages, such as, light weight, strong rigidity and large span. This article has secondly developed ANSYS software with APDL language for modeling establishment and solving integration, and also edited related programs. Referring to the contractive analysis of dynamic characteristics, static characteristics of pre-stressed mega grid structure and mega grid structure; and by adopting time history method to analyze the seismic response of pre-stressed mega grid structure. One may get the conclusions of strengths in deflection characteristics and mechanical characteristics of pre-stressed mega grid structure. Through analyzing the dynamic characteristics, static characteristics and seismic response of pre-stressed mega grid structure which is across 280m by the method of changing original pre-stress, loss ratio of main structure and the number of grids. It may get conclusions of range of evaluation of all above parameters.

Nanchang city subway excavation depth and the Quaternary aquifer layers are located at approximately the same depth. After the completion of the subway, that is equivalent to adding a retaining wall in the phreatic aquifer. The metro line 4 influence on groundwater flow field was analyzed based on the groundwater flow field and the dynamic relationship between groundwater and surface water. The result was that the groundwater level would rise in the area of facing groundwater movement, while others decrease. The influence of metro was apparent at the place where hydraulic contact of Gan River with groundwater was good, and vice versa.

The high-speed railway and common speed railway subsystems as important components of the railway transportation system, can make railway traffic organization more orderly, when there are a rational division and balance development between them. In order to quantitatively evaluate the coordinate relations between high-speed railway subsystem and common speed railway subsystem, this paper takes the railway transportation corridor from Baoji to Lanzhou as an example. Firstly, using Logit model and grey forecasting model predict the passenger volume, passenger turnover and time value of high-speed railway and common speed railway in the Baoji-Lanzhou corridor. And then, the coupling forecast model of these two subsystems is established. Lastly, the coupling and coupling coordination of these two subsystems using are predicted and analyzed at theatrically level.

Since being designated as an international tourist island, Hainan has become an overwhelmingly favored choice of real estate investment. This paper first constructed Hainan residential quarter function factor index system, then evaluated relevant factors, and finally solved the problem of factor importance ranking. In this specific case, the software MATLAB was used to facilitate AHP calculation. The evaluation results have guiding and referential value to both real estate developers and residential consumers.

There has no uniform method for determining the micro parameters in particle flow code, and the corresponding formulas obtained by each scholar can only be applied to similar situations. In this paper, the relationship between the micro parameters friction coefficient and macro parameters friction angle is established by using the two axis servo compression as the calibration experiment, and the corresponding formula is fitted to solve the difficulties of determining the PFC micro parameters which provide a reference for determination of the micro parameters of soft soil.

The volcanic cinder is a kind of porous rock with good performance and is formed by the cooling of the volcanic eruption. This paper studies the effect of fly ash on the mechanical properties of cinder lightweight aggregate concrete. Results show the mechanical properties of cinder lightweight aggregate concrete is significantly improved with fly ash, and it has a maximum strength value when the dosage is 35%; the early strength of lightweight aggregate concrete is greatly improved, when we extend the grinding time of fly ash, decrease the particle size and increase the activity.

Through dynamic triaxial tests of the saturated remolded loess, the pore water pressure generation characteristics of the samples are analysed during liquefaction processes. Based on dynamic triaxial test results, pore pressure generation characteristics of remolded sample are discussed, the effect of confining pressure on the generation of excess pore water pressure is evaluated, the particularity of pore pressure generation by comparing with the predecessor's research results is pointed out and the normalized pore pressure growth model is given. Finally, fitting curve of pore water pressure growth is drawnby using this model and fitting parameters are given.

In the numerical manifold method (NMM), the mathematical cover system can be inconsistent with the physical boundary, which can alleviate the meshing cost to some extent. In the present paper, the NMM is developed to solve two-dimensional steady heat conduction problems with the square mathematical elements. The corresponding formulations are derived and the proposed approach is validated through a typical example.

In this paper, the single pile under load is analyzed by using the Biot consolidation equation and the modified method of the coupling of the Komala - Huang model. The consolidation of soil is simulated by Biot consolidation theory, and the whole process of the deformation of single pile is presented in the paper by means of the modified Komala - Huang model. Some useful conclusions are obtained by analyzing the variation of the pore pressure and the settlement of the soil under the action of load.

Based on static load test results, the bearing capacity of bored piles with pile-toe and pile-shaft post-grouting has been analyzed. The analysis reveals that: with post-grouting, the interface between pile and surrounding soil are strengthened and the relative sliding displacement in between is reduced; end resistance of pile is enhanced and can be mobilized at earlier stage with smaller sliding displacement. As a result, the performance of bored pile is improved with increased bearing capacity and reduced settlement.

To achieve the strength and deformation characteristics of sandy mudstone under the unloading condition, a triaxial unloading test was performed on a group of sandy mudstone taken from the diversion tunnel of a hydropower station. The results show that the stress-strain curve slope of sandy mudstone increases suddenly at the moment of unloading confining pressure, and there is no significant decline in the whole test. There is usually only a whole shear failure surface in the samples damaged under low initial unloading confining pressure while those damaged under high one develop tensile fracture. The introduction of semilog method helps to solve the problem that it's difficult to get the peak intensity of sandy mudstone directly based on the variation characteristics of the stress-strain curve. From the initial stage of unloading to the damage of the samples, the reduced percentage of sandy mudstone deformation modulus is positively correlated with initial unloading confining pressure. The decrease rate of deformation modulus and increase rate of axial strain of sandy mudstone are both mutate under destructive confining pressure. The research results can provide an useful reference to research on the mechanical properties of similar soft rocks.

Foam glass thermal insulation board has the characteristics of fireproof, waterproof, corrosion resistant, noncombustible, mothproof, non-toxic, non-aging, non-radioactive, high mechanical strength and good dimensional stability. Foam glass thermal insulation material in sloping roof construction method is an effective solution to large angle sloping roof construction operation difficulties.

The Shaped Steel Reinforced Concrete structures are increasingly used in large-span or irregularly shaped public buildings. In the actual construction, cross-operation of steel structures and concrete is more frequent. Traditional construction method causes a lot of quality problems easily like installation deviation of beam and column, improper treatment of steel at the joints of beams and columns, and unevenness of concrete surface. If you can not take timely measures to deal with or prevent, it will inevitably have a great impact on the reliability of the structure, and also delay the construction schedule. This paper makes related research about the quality issues, proposes corresponding solutions and provides a complete set of construction technology processes. At last, through engineering case, we analyze the economic and social benefits.

Main cable is one of the most important structure of suspension Bridges, which bear all the dead and live load from upper structure. Cable erection is one of the most critical process in suspension bridge construction. Key points about strand erection are studied in this paper, including strand traction, lateral movement, section adjustment, placing into saddle, anchoring, line shape adjustment and keeping, and tension control. The technology has helped a long-span suspension bridge in Yunnan Province, China get a ideal finished state.

In order to establish a unified model of constitutive relations for masonry explain the relationship between energy dissipation and damage energy in the process of uniaxial masonry compression. Based on the application of energy principle and the theory of damage mechanics, a constitutive relation of masonry with parameters is proposed by combining a damage function and the stress-strain curve's characteristics which is under axial compression. The constitutive relation expressions of masonry for different materials can also be determined, only in combination with the peak stress and strain of the axial compression test. To verify this model, the constitutive relation of the perforated shale brick masonry was put forward according to it's compression tests results and the constitutive relation fits well with the experimental data. Besides, not only in the small deflection, it's curve shape is basically in line with these constitutive relations suggested by others, but it can also avoid the defects of these relations to reflect the curve features in the large deformation.

There was practical engineering of large cylinder structure used in China. Elastic mechanics problems of large cylinder structure quay wall were space problems. Sometimes we needed to transform space problem of large cylinder structure into plane problem of it. Circular section of signal large cylinder structure was converted into rectangular one by using the same bending stiffness and section area for breakwater.

The stability of road embankment on soft ground is always the highlight during construction. Usually the construction is carried out on the reinforced ground and the degree of reinforcement is influenced by the methods and period. In order to evaluate such influence, changing the compression index is a simple way to represent it. Also the service load can be represented by assigning different bulk density of surcharge. Finite element strength reduction method is used to evaluate the stability of embankment at different stages.

Due to the high plasticity index and low permeability of reclaimed ground composed of dredged soil, the reinforcement period is very long, which makes the merits of vacuum preloading, short reinforcement time, disappear. Surcharge preloading method becomes the most suitable and economic way. The equivalent permeability method is used to simulate the installation of the plastic vertical drain and the influence of different permeabilities, namely the interval space is calculated numerically.

Based on the ArcGIS software platform, the method of digital elevation model (DEM) is established by using the irregular triangulation (TIN) of the "three links and one leveling" project of the Guquan converter station. The calculation principle and the realization steps are discussed. In the clear fill area, site formation and earth temporary transport route design applications. Research shows that the simulation of ground simulation through ArcGIS can be more rapid and efficient land leveling, design optimization route.

Although the optical fiber sensing technology has been successfully applied in the geological and geotechnical engineering field, there is a deformation discrepancy between the sensing optical fiber and the rock and soil to be measured in the actual project, which has a greater impact on the monitoring results. The influences of constraint condition with optical fiber are simulated in test, the deformation coordination between the optical fiber and soil is studied through comparative test analysis. The relationship between optical fiber and load is established, as well as the relationship between actual soiled formation and load.

In this paper, the low-cycle cyclic loading test and the elasto-plastic numerical simulation by OpenSEES of assembled integral beam-column joints of the three new prefabricated prestressed concrete beams are carried out. The key technologies such as unit selection, material model selection and prestressing in the numerical simulation of the new assembly-type beam-column joint is studied deeply. The results show that the relative model and parameters of the OpenSEES software can be used to simulate the hysteresis performance of the low-cycle cyclic loading of the new-type assembled integral beam-column joints.

Using cassava starch as raw material, preparation process of porous cross-linked cassava starch was studied. Using TSTP as cross-linking agents, Orthogonal design was applied for the optimization of cross-linked porous starch preparation process. The results showed that the opitmal conditions of cross-linked porous cassava starch were as follows: reaction temperature 45°C, reaction time 20 h, 1% of the amount of the enzyme, the enzyme ratio of 1:5, pH 5.50, substrate concentration of 40%.

Based on the Generalized Lorenz Mie Theory (GLMT), the scattering intensity of spheroid particles is investigated within the Gaussian beam. The spheroid model is applied to represent the real non-spherical particles, and the scattering intensity of particles is deduced according to the GLMT. On the other hand, the sphere of the same volume for the spheroid is used for calculating the scattering intensity of the spheroid within the Gaussian beam. For a comparison, the scattering intensity of the spheroid with the pane wave is also calculated. Simulation data results indicate that fairly reasonable results of the scattering intensity for the spheroids can be obtained with this model, and it can provide a reliable and efficient approach to research the scattering intensity of the non-spherical particles by the Gaussian beam.

UAVs have played important roles in many fields. However, due to the insufficient energy of electric UAVs, the future development has a major obstacle. This problem can be solved by laser power transmission. This paper summarizes the research results at abroad and domestic, introduces the work flow of the whole system, discusses the key technologies and puts forward the prospect.

Due to the superiority of the attribute of water, water-based fire extinguishing agent is considered as one of most effectively fire extinguishing agents. NFPA has developed two standards regarding to water-based fire extinguishing agents. ISO technical committee working group is also preparing for developing a standard about the subject fire extinguishing agent. China also has its own national GB standard about water-based standard. This paper aims at to elaborate standard requirements and methods in different technical documents and standards currently available around the world with a view to summarize the main concern in different standards, and trying to find out valuable information for readers in future research and development.

Plastic debris especially microplastics (MPs) have become a global concern for the aggravating pollution in the oceans. In this study, the physico-chemical properties of fluorescently labeled polystyrene (PS) beads and the effects of PS-MPs on the survival of mysid shrimps (Neomysis japonica) were investigated. PS-MPs were identified to have spherical shape, uniform size and stable green fluorescence. The results showed that PS beads had little effects on the mortality of shrimps under a short-term (72 h) exposure with concentrations of 50 μg L^-1 and 500 μg L^-1. However, PS-MPs had severe short-term toxicity on the survival of mysid shrimps, resulting in 30% mortality especially in a 72 h exposure with the higher concentration of 1000 μg L^-1. These findings provide new insights into the toxic effects of MPs on marine invertebrates.

HuabeiBaolige Oilfield belongs to the common heavy oil reservoirs with low temperature, which were tapped by the conventional waterflooding. The formation temperature of Baolige Oilfield is 38~58°C, and the oil viscosity of reservoir is 13.7~2000mPa•s. Thanks to the high oil-water viscosity ratio and strong heterogeneity, the small waterflooding swept volume and serious water breakthrough are caused by waterflooding fingering, causing that the workable reserve cannot be used efficiently during the oilfield development. According to the characteristic that the environment of the reservoirs is fit for the growth and reproduction of microorganism, the microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology is used to improve oilfield development status. On the basis of continuous and further studies of MEOR, the industrialized application of MEOR has been fulfilled. By the continuous and further study, the efficient system of the combination flooding technology with oil displacement microbial fields was formed, and MEOR technologies have been enriched. All the above researches could provide technical ideas for the comprehensive treatment for similar blocks.

Taking purple soil from Mouding city as the research object, the aim of this paper is to discuss the number characteristics of dryland soil aggregates. The results indicated that cumulative amounts of dryland soil aggregate obtaining from artificial screening method were obeyed the log-linear distribution, and fractal dimension of soil was ranged from 2.11 to 2.48. Moreover, the higher aggregates content was contained, the larger aggregates fractal dimension in the soil particles, which was smaller than 0.25 mm. The fractal dimension of dryland aggregates was decreased with the increasing of soil depth.

As one of the important parts in the architecture design, ventilation fully reflects one important factor of energy conservation to some extent. To ensure that decreasing use of energy resources to the maximum extent in architectures and make architectures harmonize with their surroundings, which have become important pursuing gradually for residential architecture, at present, integrated design of residential architecture should not only highlight natural ventilation technique, but also should integrate natural ventilation and main feature of local climate, etc. What's more, designers shall carry out unified analysis on the base of taking all factors into consideration. This point is more important. By this way, architecture technique can be more comprehensive and complete. With the guidance of sustainable development concept, natural ventilation as one of ecological technologies is applied extensively in many architecture designs owing to its economic effect and health benefit.

Zircon ceramics were employed as host material for immobilization of element Nd, which was used as the surrogate of trivalent actinide nuclide. A series of Zr_2-xNd_xSi₂O_8-0.5x compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction method at 1500 °C for 72 h in air and investigated in respect of their physics performances. These performances were characterized by density and hardness. The results show that the density raises as the value of x increases from 0.02 to 0.20. Moreover, the hardness of the Nd-doped ceramic also increase with enhanced Nd content.

In recent years, in order to save line corridors and reduce the scope of demolition, some new transmission modes for high voltage AC and DC power transmission line are proposed. According to the characteristics of the parallel transmission line, this paper studies the distribution characteristics of the electric field intensity of multi circuit parallel transmission lines and the single circuit transmission line. Comparing and analysing the simulation results of the electric field strength, the safety measures for live working of ±800kV DC transmission line with multi circuit parallel transmission lines is put forward. That is the electric field protective equipment and measures used in the live line work of the ±800kV UHDC single circuit line can meet the requirements of the live operation of the ±800kV UHDC multi-circuit transmission line.

Malodorous gas will be produced in medical waste steam treatment process, which mainly consist of volatile organic compounds. Biological deodorization is a low cost deodorization technology. In this paper, biological deodorization technology in an actual medical waste disposal project was studied, and its removal efficiencies of VOCs were analyzed. The contents of four volatile organic compounds in exhaust gas were determined by gas chromatography and methylene blue spectrophotometry. The average concentration of them were: methyl-sulfhydryl 0.037mg/m³, dimethyl sulfide 0.046mg/m³, methyl disulfide 0.904mg/m³ and hydrogen sulfide 0.204mg/m³. After they were treated by biological deodorization, the average removal rates of the four compounds were methyl-sulfhydryl 93%, dimethyl sulfide 92.6%, methyl disulfide 97.6% and hydrogen sulphide 92.6%.The results showed that the four kinds of VOCs had good deodorization effect, and the national standards for emissions requirements can be met well.

The application of biochar to soil improvement inevitably affects free soil enzymes. However, there is little information on the interaction of soil enzymes with biochar to our knowledge. We thus investigated the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and urease onto two biochars from giant reed pyrolyzed at 300 and 600 °C (BCF300 and BCF600). The adsorption amount of BSA and urease on BCF300 and BCF600 was up to 45.6-209 mg/g and 75.3-808 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that the test proteins could be adsorbed onto the biochars effectively. The sorption rate of BSA and urease significantly decreased as the protein concentration increased, suggesting that their adsorption was nonlinear. For the same initial concentration (50 or 200 mg/L), the adsorption amount of BSA on the biochars was lower, only 25.9-60.5% of that of urease. The high specific surface area and hydrophobicity of the biochars may play important roles on the immobilization of the proteins by biochars. These findings will be helpful for better understanding the effects of biochar adding on the soil enzymes.

Based on thermodynamic calculation technology, the thermodynamic data of six alloys (inc. Al-Si and Al-Si-Cu-Mg systems) was calculated. The microstructure, phase transformation temperature and latent heat of the Al-4%Cu-12%Mg-7%Si alloy and Al-13%Si alloy were also verified by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy/Energy-dispersive system (SEM/EDS) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that The enthalpy change value of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is larger than that of Al-Si alloy from 800 °C to 400 °C, while its phase transformation temperature is lower. In particular, the enthalpy value of Al-4%Cu-12%Mg-7%Si alloy is 85% higher than that of Al-13%Si near eutectic alloy, and its initial temperature of phase transformation is about 74 °C lower. The former has relatively low phase transformation temperature and over-dimensioned latent heat of phase transformation, displaying the excellent thermal storage property. Therefore, the alloy is a good potential solar energy thermal storage material. The results in the paper also indicated that thermodynamic calculation is of value in seeking new potential solar energy thermal storage materials for solar thermal power generation system.

In terms of the shear bearing capacity of the exposed steel column foot, there are many researches both home and abroad. However, the majority of the researches are limited to the theoretical analysis sector and few of them make the experimental analysis. In accordance with the prototype of an industrial plant in Beijing, this paper designs the experimental model. The experimental model is composed of six steel structural members in two groups, with three members without shear key and three members with shear key. The paper checks the shear bearing capacity of two groups respectively under different axial forces. The experiment shows: The anchor bolt of the exposed steel column foot features relatively large shear bearing capacity which could not be neglected. The results deducted through calculation methods proposed by this paper under two situations match the experimental results in terms of the shear bearing capacity of the steel column foot. Besides, it also proposed suggestions on revising the Code for Design of Steel Structure in the aspect of setting the shear key in the steel column foot.

This paper makes an overview on the domestic research on the steel column shear capacity in detail. On such basis, in accordance with the 4th theory of strength and the flexural vibration of straight bar, it makes theoretical analysis on the shear-bearing capacity of the steel column foot with the shear key and without the shear key respectively. It proposes the methods for calculating the shear-bearing capacity of steel column foot under two situations. It suggests that Code for Design of Steel Structures should raise the separation point of exposed steel column foot, which would reduce the construction difficulty of the exposed steel column foot, shorten the construction period, improve the construction quality and provide certain theoretical references for the design and research on the steel column foot.

Two biochars were prepared form Chinese herb residues by slow pyrolysis at 300 °C and 600 °C (CHR300 and CHR600) for removing two toxic metal ions (Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺) from aqueous phase. In this study, both Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were effectively immobilized by CHR300 and CHR600 from water. For an initial concentration of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ (C₀ = 10 mg/L), the removal rate by CHR300 and CHR600 were all greater than 90.0% at a solid:liquid ratio of 50 mg biochar in 10 mL solution. For C₀ of the two toxic metals was 100 mg/L, the Pb²⁺ removal by CHR600 was significantly stronger than that by CHR300, but there was no significant difference of the removal rate of Cd²⁺ between CHR300 and CHR600. Moreover, the removal rate of Pb²⁺ by CHR300 and CHR600 was both markedly greater than that of Cd²⁺, indicating that the biochars had stronger adsorption favorite for Pb²⁺ than Cd²⁺. The SEM-EDX data of the biochars after the toxic metals sorption drew strong evidences on the Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ immobilization by CHR300 and CHR600. The existing of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) in CHR300 and CHR600 implied that the heavy metals might be removed by forming Pb/Cd-P and Pb/Cd-S precipitates. These results suggested that the biochars from Chinese herb residues would be likely to be good adsorbents for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ removal in water.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution is widespread in the environment, while the effects of MPs on the soil organisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the fitness of earthworms (E. Foetida) exposed to MPs (Polystyrene, 58 μm) in soils at the concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/w). The results showed that MPs had little effects on the fitness of earthworms under low exposure concentrations (≤ 0.5 % (w/w)), while MPs exposure with high concentrations (i.e., 1% and 2%) significantly inhibited the growth and increased the mortality of earthworms. The results indicated that the MPs pollution in soils have an adverse effect on the fitness of soil organisms, and implied the ecological risk of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems.

The chemical fertilizers are abused to improve crop yields, which cause lots of soil problems (e.g., soil compaction and native nutrient loss). We thus investigated the potential of the combination of biochar and wood vinegar as a new type of fertilizer to replace the traditional fertilizer. The results in this study showed that the combined addition of biochar with wood vinegar had the greatest promotion effect on the plant growth of cucumber. Compared to the control treatment, the biochar addition with wood vinegar significantly increased the plant height, root length, root volume and root tips by 29.7%, 117%, 121% and 76.1%, respectively. These positive effects could be attributed to the benefits of the addition of biochar with wood vinegar treatment on improving soil fertility, increasing nutrient supply, and further stimulating plant growth. Overall, the combination of biochar and wood vinegar could be a promising fertilizer to promote plants growth and enhance crop yields.

Polyacrylamide and water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin can produce crosslinking reaction to generate the movable gel, which can be used in deep profile control to enhance oil recovery. In this paper, the preparation process of water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin crosslinking agent (polyhydroxymethyl phenolic) was presented, including the raw material mixture ratio and synthesis process. The water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin was synthesized by the technology of two-step base catalysis with NaOH and Ba(OH)₂•8H₂O composite catalyst. The movable gel prepared with this crosslinking agent and polyacrylamide has good stability and long shelf life through the performance evaluation experiment. The above movable gel was applied to deep profile control and obtained better flooding efficiency.

This paper mainly studies the effect of lithium slag from lepidolite on the property of concrete including dry shrinkage, anti-carbonation, wear resistance and chloride ion resistance. Concrete interface structure has been observed with SEM. The results show that adding lithium slag to concrete can improve concrete property including dry shrinkage, wear resistance and chloride ion resistance. However, the wear resistance tends to decrease when the amount of lithium slag reach 20%. Lithium slag also has negative effect on anti-carbonation property. With the increasing amount of lithium slag, anti-carbonation property of concrete decrease gradually.

According to the test result of ground stress of -817.0m Horizontal shaft station in Huainan mine area, the stress field distribution characteristic of mainly with horizontal tectonic stress was analyzed, the deep roadway surrounding rock deformation and failure regularity under the situation of the maximum horizontal stress and roadway axis in the different angle were studied by using the FLAC^3D simulation software, and then specific way of supporting and its parameters were designed combined with the shaft station layout conditions. The result shows that: the roadway stability is relatively good when its tunnel axis the maximum horizontal stress direction within 30° angle, surrounding rock deformation and the plastic zone at the top and bottom are significantly increasing along with the angle increased from 30° to 90°, the major form of deep soft rock deformation and failure is the floor heave. According to the simulation results, the conditions under the layout condition of the shaft station roadway, support methods and support parameters have been designed and determined. The supporting method can be referenced by the similar mines.

With quick development of urbanization and mechanization, there exist some problems in the cities, such as traffic jam, traffic safety, and traffic pollution and so on. It is extremely urgent for the city to develop green transport, in order to relieve these problems and push forward low carbon ecological construction in Harbin. Strategy research of Harbin city green transport and sustainable development is done from the eight aspects of building public transport system of integration, bicycle, walking, and slow-moving system and so on based on analyzing demands of low carbon ecology on city green transport development, and Harbin traffic development state.

We often need for software registration to protect the interests of the software developers. This article narrated one kind of software long-distance registration technology. The registration method is: place the registration information in a database table, after the procedure starts in check table registration information, if it has registered then the procedure may the normal operation; Otherwise, the customer must input the sequence number and registers through the network on the long-distance server. If it registers successfully, then records the registration information in the database table. This remote registration method can protect the rights of software developers.

A virtual interactive technology in Jinzhai revolutionary site virtual interactive animation, with "Internet plus Jinzhai revolutionary site virtual animation" spread display, to achieve a variety of ways to carry forward the patriotic education, Jinzhai red culture, but also promote benign circulation of red tourism and economic development of Jinzhai revolutionary site protection investment group.

Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, and it is also the inevitable result of the extensive economic development mode. The matter of air pollution in Beijing is becoming more and more serious since 2010, which has a great impact on the normal social production, living and human health. These hazards have been highly valued by the whole society. More than 30 years have been pasted since controlling the air pollution and the system of policies was relatively complete. These policies have improved the quality of atmospheric and prevented environment further deterioration. The policies performance is not obvious. It is urgent trouble to improve policy performance. This paper analyzes the 103 policies text of air pollution control in Beijing, and researches status, history and problems, and put forward suggestions on policy improvement and innovation at last.

Energy conservation in building is a key link on alleviating energy-deficient contradiction, improving the quality of human life environment, and realizing sustainable development in our country. In this paper, we construct low-carbon building evaluation index system and evaluation method from five aspects—low-carbon structure, low-carbon materials, low-carbon energy, low-carbon technology and low-carbon management. Finally, taking "Solar Valley" in Dezhou as an example, we make the evaluation to its situation of low-carbon building.

Construction of low-carbon tourist city has become a strategic choice for the development of city construction in our country, becoming the direction and goal of future city development in China. In this paper, the development strategy of low-carbon tourist city is put forward from the aspects of building low-carbon tourism culture, strengthening and perfecting the relevant rules and regulations, establishing and perfecting the decision-making management mechanism of low-carbon tourist city construction, establishing accurate, timely, efficient and comprehensive ecological environment monitoring and supervision network, building economical resource utilization system, strengthening science and technology supporting of low-carbon city construction, establishing low-carbon tourism scenic spot, low-carbon community or low-carbon demonstration area, etc.

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology was used to analyse a big truck with newly-designed head. Three models were designed to analyze: (1) Project 1: a trunk without fairing, (2) Project 2: a trunk with an old fairing, (3) Project 3: a trunk with a new fairing (the old fairing of Project 2 is particularly moved 500mm forehead). During the movement of vehicle, the more similar streamlined shape of the vehicle is, the more reduction of the wind resistance can achieve. The wind resistance could be thereby reduced in case of a truck having a fairing because of a more similar with streamlined shape for the truck structure. The challenge here is that the exactly optimal location of the fairing on the vehicle is not clear and generally was determined only by experience. However, here by the comparison of each model with CFD analysis, engineers can give the better design for the goal of reducing the resistance fuel consumption.

Present studies focus on improving anti-slide property of tyes on ice-snow road by changing material modification of tyre tread and designing groove. However, the basic reason causing starting slide, long braking distance, turning slide slip and so on of tyres used in winter is that tyre tread materials are unitary and homogenous rubber composite which can't coordinate driving demands of tyres in winter under muti-work condition, and can't exert their best property when starting, braking and sliding slip. In order to improve comprehensive anti-slide property of tyres, this paper discusses about changing structure, shape and distribution proportion among haploid materials of tyre tread rubber. Polyploid bubber tyre tread technique based on artificial neural network which is in favor of starting, braking and anti-slide slip is optimized and combined. Friction feature and anti-slide mechanism on ice-snow road of polyploid rubber tyre tread are studied using testing technique of low-temperature cabin and computer simulation. A set high anti-slide theories and realizing method systems of polyploid rubber composite formed from basic theory, models and technique method are developped which will be applied into solving anti-slide problem of winter tyres, provide theory instruction for studies on high anti-slide winter tyres, and promote development of application and usage safety of winter tyres.

In the artificial world, whether it is the city's traffic roads or engineering buildings contain a lot of linear features. Therefore, the research on the image complexity of linear information has become an important research direction in digital image processing field. This paper, by detecting the straight line information in the image and using the straight line as the parameter index, establishing the quantitative and accurate mathematics relationship. In this paper, we use LSD line detection algorithm which has good straight-line detection effect to detect the straight line, and divide the detected line by the expert consultation strategy. Then we use the neural network to carry on the weight training and get the weight coefficient of the index. The image complexity is calculated by the complexity calculation model. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective. The number of straight lines in the image, the degree of dispersion, uniformity and so on will affect the complexity of the image.

In the event of a massive earthquake, it is difficult to assess the situation in affected areas because access to these areas is usually blocked off. Tsunamis, in particular, create a large amount of debris and block many access paths. It is necessary to estimate the amount of disaster debris as early as possible in order to begin restoration in affected areas. This data helps to determine the required amount of temporary storage and arrange proper transportation. We propose a system that detects collapsed buildings after a disaster by using three aerial photographs. We verify the accuracy of the proposed method and discuss how detecting collapsed buildings aids in estimating total disaster debris.

In this paper, we present new U-Pb zircon ages and major and trace elements for the Late Ordovician monzonitic granite rocks in Xiaoxilin area in the Eastern lesser khingan of Northeast China to elucidate the westward subduction of the Oceanic plate in Late Ordovician. U-Pb zircon dating results demonstrate that the monzonitic granites formed at 451±5Ma, belonging to the Late Ordovician. These monzonitic granites are characterized have SiO₂ of 66.45%~72.93%, Na₂O of 2.41%~3.93%, K₂O of 3.09%~5.58%, CaO of 2.02%∼3.76%, ALK of 6.56%∼7.99% and A/CNK=0.97~1.02, belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. The monzonitic granites is characterized by the enrichment of LILEs (e.g., Rb and K) and incompatible elements (e.g., Th and U), and depletion of HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti), as well as very lesser Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.49~1.06). The rock falls into the zone of Pre-Plate collision with the characteristics of active continental margin before the collision. Combine the mineral assemblage and geochemical characteristics, it is believed that the monzonitic granite in Xiaoxilin area was formed in the environment of oceanic crust subduction, which indicates that there was an westward subduction oceanic plate between Jiamusi Massif and Songnen-Zhangguangcailing Massif. The melt/fluid precipitated from the subducting oceanic plate confessed the overlying mantle wedge and caused the partial melting of it, which resulted in the arc magmatism. The Jiamusi Massif and Songnen-Zhangguangcailing Massif had not yet joined in the Late Ordovician.