Table of contents

Expotecnología 2018 "Research, Innovation and Development in Engineering", Expotecnología 2018, took place from October 31 to November 2, 2018, in the beautiful city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), with an agenda that joins to the academic dynamics through the promotion of activities that promote culture and research commitment, transferring knowledge and technological innovation, and the management year after year to create spaces updating the educational and professional community of all areas of engineering in Colombia.

Expotecnología is a scientific-academic event that comes from the Faculty of Design and Engineering of the Technological Foundation Antonio de Arévalo - TECNAR, in order to provide teachers, students and other professionals, a specialized meeting that seeks, through the creation of academic networking, create a new relationship between science, technology, and society.

The conferences took place in an environment of socialization of experiences, research results or discussions around several themes focused on 4 topics, which have been strategically selected to approach from the academic, industrial and social point of view, the present and the future of our profession in our country.

List of Invited speakers, Organizing Committee and Scientific Committee are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The laboratory of the university has a continuous distillation tower where students carry out laboratory practice, require that student manipulate valve at high temperatures generating risk at operation. A control system was carried out on the plant to maintain the level of 0.18 meters in the bottom of the first column. For its identification, the inspection of the tower was carried out to identify the components of each distillation column. These tests allowed obtaining data from the point of operation during the start-up of the tower. With this information collected, a model was defined through the mass and energy balance. Additionally, the tower was simulated under the Aspen Hysys software to obtain the steady state and, over this point the dynamic system was analyzed through the linearized model to design the controller and test robustness. The control strategy implemented, with LabVIEW software, was ON-OFF with hysteresis due to limitations in the instrumentation. As a result, it was found that the time stabilization of the tower decreased from three hours to one hour to concerning the manual level control and, a better regulation was observed in the temperatures of the top of first column 96°C and second column 72°C.

Summary. Composite materials polylactic acid/Reduced graphitic oxide (PLA/RGO) were prepared using the method of mixing chloroform solution. the chemical structure of chemically modified RGO obtained after reduction GO by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was studied. PLA composites with different contents of RGO (1-3 wt%) in terms of distribution and morphology were compared, using optical microscopy. RGO better dispersion in the matrix of the PLA using chloroform as a solvent and 3% by weight of RGO was obtained.

In this work, environmental assessment of a large-scale production of chitosan micro-beads modified with thiourea and magnetite was performed using Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This methodology evaluates eight impact categories, four toxicological and four atmospherics. Initially, the simulation of production process of micro-beads was realized. Then, WAR GUI software, which is based on WAR algorithm, was employed to quantify potential environmental impacts (PEI) generation and output rate for this process under 4 different cases. The synthesis of micro-beads was analysed using computer-aided process engineering, this is related to the fact that there is no bibliography reported for the industrial scale-up, simulation and environmental evaluation of this type of process Results shows that photochemical oxidation potential is the evaluated category which emits the biggest output rate of PEI, contributing in all cases with more than 49% of the total rate. In general terms, the process has a negative generated PEI which means that the process has a convenient environmental performance. This leads to the conclusion that the process is environmentally beneficial because it consumes environmental impacts.

The present study shows a parametric analysis of the meshfree method, Element Free Galerkin (EFG), on the elastic analysis of a cantilever beam. This study allows us to determine the best convergence conditions of the solutions varying characteristic. EFG is based on the construction of Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximations using the weighted residual method on the weak formulation, with MLS form functions as the same weighting functions. We consider the parameters of the method such as the order of the basic functions of MLS functions, the size of the support domain of the local MLS functions and the density of Gauss points against errors calculated according to the L₂ norm and processing time. It is shown that by increasing the order of basic functions it is possible to obtain more precise results, however, a larger support diameter and Gauss points higher density are required in order to stabilize the solution, considerably increasing processing times. Therefore, it is only advisable to use high-order base functions when the precision in the results is the priority and a high computational resource is available.

Foodborne diseases constitute an important public health and productivity problem for companies, since it increases the level of employee absenteeism and decreases productivity. Objective, analyse the conditions of good practices of manufacturing and security in the dining rooms of a military complex located in the City of Cartagena, Colombia. Descriptive study based on the application of a standardized instrument in six dining rooms of a military complex located in Cartagena. Analysing 164 aspects contained in Resolution 2674 of 2013, it was possible to observe total compliance in 58 aspects, for its part, 36 partially comply and finally, 70 aspects do not comply with the provisions of the legislation. It is necessary to consider that the implementation of good manufacturing practices is constituted as the primary instrument for the adequate handling of food. The study is the basis for the implementation of internal policies aimed at improving good practices in manufacturing and security in the dining halls of the military complex.

Acetaminophen (AAP) is an active ingredient very used in many pharmaceutical preparations. AAP is a pain reliever and a fever reducer drug. Generally, it is used to treat many conditions such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothaches, colds, and fevers. Standard methods most used for AAP chemical detection are based on chromatography and spectrophotometry techniques, these methods generally imply a sample preparation step, while vibrational spectroscopy based methods do not. Hence, analytical methods based on vibrational spectroscopy are very important for the pharmaceutical industry and law enforcement agency, given that allow obtain a way easy and fast molecular information for its detection. An effort for attaining a reliable identification procedure for the qualitative determination of AAP in different pharmaceuticals product, an additional statistical treatment of ATR-FTIR data is proposed. The proposed method was tested on solid samples containing API. The statistical routine of Hit Quality Index (HQI) values yielded excellent results. The results show that ATR-FTIR, QCL and Raman spectra are useful for detection of AAP in the drugs tested. Using the proposed method allowed to know if the drug is present as a desired product or it is counterfeit drugs.

Owing to scientific advances in the field of materials sciences and engineering, researchers have developed new energy sources used for spectroscopic applications and measurements of properties resulting from the interaction of matter and electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. MIR lasers, such as quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), used for spectroscopy have quickly found numerous applications in a wide cadre of IR techniques. This provides the opportunity to study properties of highly energetic materials (HEM), among many other applications. MIR laser spectroscopy based detection experiments of HEMs were carried out using a QCL optically coupled to compact grazing angle probe mount (QCL-GAP) enabling reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) measurements of thin films of HEMs. A saturated solution of RDX in acetone was prepared, and aliquots of subsequent dilutions of the stock solutions were transferred to test surfaces for QCL-GAP back-reflectance measurements. RDX reflectance signals were monitored as function as the decreasing surface concentration until the signal/noise was ∼ 3. Stainless steel (SS) plates were used as reflective substrates, and anodized aluminum (AN-Al), cardboard, and Teflon were used as non-reflective (matte) substrates. Using generated calibration curves a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 ng/cm² for RDX/SS and 95 μg/cm² for RDX/AN-Al were found. Based on the area of laser spot (0.3 cm²) we conclude the minimum masses detected were 490 pg (RDX/SS) and 28 μg (RDX/AN-Al).

A mathematical model was developed to describe the thermal behavior of the aerogel SiO2 material, which can be used as an architectural surface coating film. These types of materials allow temperature conservation within a panel so that a controlled environment is achieved. Conditions for modeling were considered, such as: porous material properties, microstructure, boundary conditions, etc. From the study of the material's micrometry, an image processing was made, and regular grids of 6192 nodes were built. Algorithms were implemented using Matlab to describe the thermal flow within the porous material. The results obtained indicate the thermal distribution across the pores of the material and showed the zones with greater incidence and thermal conservation in the panel. This research contributes towards the thermal analysis of special insulating materials as alternatives of applications in the construction industry.

This paper shows the mathematical modeling process of a mechanical system of masses coupled by two springs and a shock absorber. The process of capture of movement of the mass system coupled with springs was done with software Tracker video analysis and modeling tool. The motion capture of the coupled masses A and B was made with a duration of 20 seconds. A comparison of the results of the movement of the two masses will be established as a first instance, by adjusting trajectories of curves in time using Matlab software and as a second instance a numerical solution of the Mass-Spring model will be established using the Runge Kutta method of 4 order. With this last method, it is expected to achieve a better precision modeling of the initial value problem. Finally, a comparison of the two mathematical models will be made analyzing.

A study of electromyographic signals (EMG) in subjects with partial hand amputation using machine learning techniques (ML) is presented in this document. The EMG were analyzed for five hand poses. We used the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Wavelet transform as descriptors for the feature extraction, the identification and classification system was implemented based on Vector Support Machines (VSM). Percentages of accuracy greater than 90% were obtained in the cases of close hand, left hand, right hand and relax hand, while open hand obtained an acceptable performance with accuracy percentages lower than 90%.

Poultry farming is an industry recognized worldwide, being one of the main activities in different countries. From the national level, poultry farming is a source of income dedicated to the production of eggs and poultry meat, which has had a constant growth since the mid-twentieth century. This market in Colombia is one of the few economic sectors with permanent growth, this is evidenced by the increase in the per capita figures for this type of product. Nowadays in the market there is no evidence of a low cost system that allows to measure the hens' position in real time, this necessity being the main objective to develop an electronic module that allows to calculate the frequency of spawning in laying hens, with the purpose that this information can be used by poultry farmers in order to determine what food treatments and environmental conditions improve egg productivity. The materials used for the prototype were; a module cell (independent cage for each bird), an Arduino UNO card, infrared proximity sensor, 12x2 LCD display, MicroSD card module and an SD memory. This investigation is framed in a technological development of experimental type, for the construction of the prototype 3 stages were taken into account; prototype design and its characteristics, final assembly of the prototype and tests and results. In the results found there is evidence of a versatile tool that allows to inform in real time in a graphic way the postures. The tests carried out demonstrate the potential of a low-cost, lightweight and state-of-the-art prototype.

In this paper we show the adaptability analysis of estimation algorithms based on mobile average autoregressive models (ARMA) in an easy implementation system composed of a network of operational amplifiers (OpAmp) known as the Sallen-Key. Parameters are adjusted by means of projection algorithms, projection algorithm with covariance matrix, Recursive Least Squares (RLS) and Normalized RLS. The comparison of the performance of the estimation algorithms shows that those based on RLS and Normalized RLS quickly stabilize their values before disturbances in the input signals of the dynamic system.

At the time of establishing communications, the configuration of network resources, storage and computer systems worked independently. With the innovation and the new communication alternatives, the management was initiated so that all the parts mentioned above work together. This is how the idea of virtualization emerged, a process by which virtual versions of computers, operating systems and applications are created. For all network devices and servers to communicate with each other and function correctly there must be a centrally functioning controller, this is when a promising SDN paradigm emerges; networks defined by software considered as a promising method to rebuild the Internet architecture and improve the implementation and distribution of applications in communication networks. In addition, we will discuss how SDN networks perform their inclusion in optical networks, study these advanced architectures, in order to facilitate flexibility and resource optimization in optical transport.

This study addresses the need to exchange clinical records, efficiently and uniform among health institutions (IPS Spanish acronym for Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud), which is generated in clinical care users from using the Hospital Information Systems (HIS). From defining a model for interoperability, with reference to the regulations governing the General System of Social Security in Health in Colombia (SGSSS Spanish acronym for Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud), the standards to facilitate electronic exchange of clinical information Health Level Seven (HL7) and service oriented architecture (SOA). The model it wasdesigned in two dimensions, on the one hand horizontally would facilitate electronic exchange of clinical information between IPS and on the other side vertically was projected was obtained as they settled components for the exchange of healthcare and administrative records the SGSSS different actors, in this case with the health Promotion Companies (EPS Spanish acronym for Empresas Promotoras de Salud) and the Territorial Entities through health secretaries.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained great importance in recent years in different investigations and different fields, due to its wide deployment, cost and utility advantages. The constant exposure to different gases produced by combustion engines and excessive levels of noise can cause alterations in human health, especially in medium and large cities in which the vehicle fleet increases year by year. In this project a real-time contamination monitoring system is developed using wireless sensor networks for the monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) and noise pollution in the parking of the headquarters of the Corporación Universitaria Antonio José de Sucre (CORPOSUCRE) in Sincelejo, Sucre. The data collected by the sensor nodes are sent to a computer where they can be viewed on the Serial Plotter platform. The design of the system was carried out through a site study in order to obtain the data of the variables used to get the results of the present study. The monitoring system is based on the Arduinos and XBee modules, which results in a simple design and low cost due to the characteristics of the elements used. The data obtained will allow to determine if the CO emissions and the noise levels in the parking of CORPOSUCRE exceed or not the maximum limits allowed.

This project emerges as a solution to the problem present in the Colombian population with upper limb movement disability, related to access to prostheses that provide them with a better performance in their daily and work activities, thus offering them a better quality of life. The objective of this project will be to build prostheses with state-of-the-art technology at relatively lower costs than similar versions in other countries, as well as strategies for people with limited resources to access them easily.

The scope of the project is limited to the construction of a control module, that will be divided into two phases, the first phase covers the design of the EMG signal acquisition system; this will focus on the establishment of the design criteria necessary for the acquisition of the myoelectric signal, model for obtaining the characteristics of the EMGs signal in the time domain and, parameters for the identification of the movements. And a second phase, where the acquisition module is developed, for performing functional tests with EMGs signals in real time, in order to be able to calculate the percentage of error between the expected value and the real value.

This document describes the determination of the cross-layer interference for a heterogeneous network.HetNet Stands in the statistical parameters using the mathematical tool StoGeo stochastic geometry that is based on the poisson point process, PPP. A two-tiers network with differing power and distribution patterns is proposed, although defined as independent and identically distributed at each tiers in the low power nodes NBP, NHP respectively, and they are presented under the homogenous PPP. Power is considered at each constant tiers and fading and interference distributions are planned under approximation models for gamma distribution.

Considering that the coefficient of friction between materials is one of the important characteristics in the design, either by wear or by requiring friction for power transmission, and this value is usually achieved in tables and these values come out of experimentation or results with tests using devices. Furthermore, these devices are not often found in the laboratories of the universities. For this reason, it was decided to adopt one of the methods of calculation, in this case the inclined plane. This consists of finding the angle of inclination in which one material begins to slide on another, since calculating the tangent of this angle determines the coefficient of friction. To this end, a device was built, consisting of a platform that by means of a mechanism is tilted little by little, until the object under study begins to move. In addition, to exclude human error, the device has sensors and an adequate control, in such a way that the process is completely automatic. Finally, the device is based on open technology, such as Arduino, managing to build a device to obtain the coefficient of friction at low cost. Its development and the results obtained are shown in this paper.

The research had the objective of develop a mobile application in health for people with motor disabilities oriented to be multiplatform and will allow integrate different accessibility functionalities. The exploratory method was used to aproach reality and as instrument, information search was carried out in government sources, main mass media of the country, observation in public places and semi-structured interviews to health area professionals. With that information was possible identify the need of this population in term of mobility issues, either because of its near or far enviroment. The application will gather information of the places available to serve this population and will be used to accessibility to their interest places. Users will be able to part of a community of people with similar conditions, interact with them and share information. Also they will have the possibility of communicate with tutors that can provide various kinds of help and contact them through a button available across the interfaces of the applications. It will generate information that will can be rated by users to estimate if the registered places are really accessibles and have good rating from those who have already been there.

In the Scientific, Technological and Academic environment in which the world of today is developed, it is important to permanently update the instruments, platforms and elements with which educational requirements are met. In this sense, engineering is one of the disciplines with the greatest changes, emergencies and innovations per unit of time. Learning tools therefore require constant evolution to facilitate the appropriation of knowledge in an easy and continuously available way for students and teachers. So far it is clear that the intervention of laboratory practices as learning strategies, guarantee a solid education for students in engineering. These practices are the scenarios where the student verifies the theoretical knowledge and validates with real results the application of mathematical and statistical models, which are set around a specific learning in engineering. Continue the development of these activities not only in a traditional way, but including innovations that the same engineering allows from the use of different technologies is a challenge, which can be assumed with the application of the same discipline and be projected to other fields of the education, to facilitate personalized and asynchronous learning. This paper presents the design and architecture for the implementation and management of a new educational platform for the development of Remote Practical Learning experiences for electrical machine laboratories. This platform integrates the possibility of remote interaction with the machine and its connection, as well as obtaining test parameters through measurement interfaces and real-time visualization. In this way engineering and technology at the service of Engineering Education is used, which will increase access to higher education to a greater number of people and will make the educational experience much more pleasant

The augmented reality (AR), has been cataloged like the technology that will have greater penetration in the education sector in the second decade of the XXI century. According to the report horizon 2016, the first research of AR in education point out a positive impact, in collaborative learning and autonomous learning; because it allows potentiating reality with virtual information that can be supported in curricular contents. The present article exposes the development of a prototype with AR technology that simulates the uniform rectilinear movement and free fall of the subject of mechanical physics. The research is of technological development type. Included in three phases: Initially the functional and non-functional requirements were determined, then the architecture was designed using UML diagrams and finally the prototype was developed. As a result, we obtained a mobile prototype with AR with two functions, the first one allows to simulate the movement of a vehicle at a constant speed, the second allows to simulate the fall of objects that are being attracted by gravity. A technical feasibility study was carried out in which the prototype was installed in different mobile devices, without errors. It is concluded that AR has several characteristics that can be applied to educational environments to increase students' motivation and make them live experiences that are limited access in classrooms.

Attention is the key cognitive system of mental activity, which influences the development of higher processes and executive functions. Indeed, the need to design an innovative training program for preschoolers arose. Because here the most important evolutionary development of individuals is determined. Because of this, record potentiates the program and improves attentional levels in children, emphasizing two respective types of attention which are sustained and selective, and focusing in two modes, which are visual and auditory, but based on software of ICT implementation. The research type is quasi-experimental and descriptive, through which a documentary review of psychological theories and apps were made with relevance for this purpose. As a result, a specialized program to stimulate attention, with a complete file containing the theoretical directives of the program and its respective protocol program was obtained. It is concluded that the use of ICT to stimulate selective and sustained attention in children of this age, can generate many benefits for being interactive and innovative, contributing to the motivation of preschool, while it enhances mental abilities and improves their attentional levels.

Taking into account the amount of information that is currently handled in business contexts, it is mandatory to develop a good data governance program. It guarantees that all the information is available to the company when it needs it, as it needs it and where it needs it. Through this data governance, the main goal is to increase profits, decrease costs, improve knowledge management and interact with customers, suppliers, employees and processes. Besides, this type of programs are not only part of a section in the company, but also they must have a transversal collaboration to all the technology and business teams. During the first stage of this research, it seeks to perform a review of the state of the art on the data governance. It allows to unify criteria through a reference item later, to provide a tool that helps companies to support the information necessities through the development of data governance projects that respond to business needs and strategic decision making.

Possessing enough and timely information about a process or product and being able to organize and display it efficiently, is a determining factor for decision making in organizations. Educational institutions are not alien to this principle and use different strategies to manage it. Nowadays, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are commonly used to support the evaluation process by competences, to identify strengths and weaknesses and to analyze and reports the results, in order to monitor student performance and apply improvement plans.

This paper shows an analysis of some influential factors in the development of academic reports for basic education institutions, through the implementation of an Information System that provides global and sectional statistics, extracts relevant information on the individual and group performance, simplifies reading and analysis of the data provided, allows the presentation of data in numerical, qualitative and graphical form, highlights the points that move away from the average, among other useful functions.

This project aims to support the University Corporation Antonio José de Sucre-Corposucre, because it will develop an application to keep a record and control of the different documents generated from the projects, emerged of the academic activities carried out in the subjects with an investigative approach, within the Faculty of Engineering of the Institution. This project began with a stage of analysis of the current situation of the faculty of engineering science of Corposucre, in the way of carried out the storage of research projects, which is done in magnetic devices without any backup and control, which can generate deterioration or loss of information. It is important to highlight that with this work the programming methodology Extreme Programming or XP was used with the objective of giving a solution in the less possible time, maintaining a permanent collaboration among all the team members. The result of this work will be a web-based software, which will allow to digitally storing the information of all those research projects that have been developed by the students throughout their professional careers, such as Classroom projects, degree thesis, among others. This in order not only to help its preservation and prevent its deterioration, but also to constitute a source of valuable information for other students and/or teachers who see on this platform a means to draw on, when they need to support their researchs or some work where they are participating. This coupled with this tool will give more visibility to the investigative work of our academic community.

This investigation presents the results of the evaluation of the learning strategies of 10th-grade students, to focalize the factors involved in their school learning process. The employed design in this investigation is Quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive. The sample consisted of 30 10th-grade students, to whom the test, Diagnostic Questionnaire for Learning Strategies-CEDEA, a psychoeducative questionnaire (pilotage and validation by experts), and the informed consent to the students and parents. For the questionnaire interpretation, it was taken into account that the scores higher than 60, are considered like strengths and 20 like weak strategies, it was made a relation of the psychoeducative characteristics with the CEDEA variables. The results reveal that old and new students, no matter if they are man or woman, the scores are weak (under 20). In metacognitive-evaluative (Evaluation, planning and self-resources valuation) strategies, information processing strategies (Transference, Memorization, comprehensive, information organization, information acquirement and elaboration), handle of the resources strategies (teamwork and interaction, context control and resources) and dispositional strategies (Perceived self-efficiency, Attention-Active disposition, fitness and mood and anxiety control). In consequence, the data point that the students have a lack of strength in their studying habits, auto regulation in their learning and in the significant learning.

At present, there are different factors that lead to creating this auditory difficulty as a medical diagnosis. Becoming an impediment to the integral development of the people since a greater effort must be made for their formation and communication in the daily life. In this way, that in the process of academic training for these people, who have this type of difficulty should be based on the use of new methodological strategies, generating new learning scenarios for the best class development. It will contribute in that space given that its condition of absolute deficiency of listening makes it difficult to understand a specific context, in this case in Spanish, this fundamental matter being a communication mechanism in their daily lives and in the framework of interpretive and argumentative competences. For this subject and given the condition of the student, is considered important to accompany the learning with ICT tools that allow the process to be more dynamic, from the virtual context where the student will directly interact with a learning content in a didactic way understanding in a better context this information that is taught in a classroom with a traditional methodology. Among the main advantages of using these computing resources in class is: having a homogeneous group with respect to the knowledge that corresponds to the degree they are studying and improving their lexicon ability for communication in their daily lives as they go to enrich their vocabulary and understand some words they did not understand. One of the many reasons of the distractions today, are the new technologies, the mobile devices like cellphones, videogames, audio and video players, among other things which don't allow keep the needed focus in class.

Through the use of the developed web application it will dynamically offer a virtual space to interact with the contents of the Spanish subject to the student improving their communication and understanding the context where they live in their daily lives. Applying technological tools searching to solve this problem. The development of this research starts by generating a tool in this case a web application that, in a dynamic way, provides spaces and training activities in the basic contents of primary in Spanish, offering the student a variety of levels in those who can improve knowledge and apply the acquired notions in their training process. Additionally, you can keep track of your progress and score in the levels you are surpassing. By De la Torre S [1].

This paper presents the development of a prototype for the identification of license plates and character recognition implemented in a RASPBERRY PI 3 device. The device is used as a program controller, allowing to make a real time video from an integrated camera. From the video an image of the license plate is extracted, which allows to recognize the characters from it. Subsequently, the information of the license plates, current date, time, and camera code is integrated into a server which can be accessed from a web application. With this it can be achieved a systematic control of vehicles income and output.

The importance of the tourism sector in Colombia has focused on aspects related to competitiveness and sustainability given the impact of tourism activity in the different destinations where it is developed. In order to maintain this advantage, it is essential to strengthen the management of sustainable tourism, optimizing the benefits for users, the destination and the local economy, while minimizing impacts on the environment. In this sense, the governmental demands oriented towards the implementation of these policies in the sector, as indicated by the Sectorial Technical Norms (NTS), specifically, the NTS-TS 002, requires the support of a technological management tool that allows the controlled development of the activities and indicators established by the regulations.

Based on this need in the tourism sector, a research project was developed based on the proposal of a management model of the NTS-TS 002 standard, was articulated with a software architecture that later will be specified in a web application to support the diagnostic process, monitoring of the indicators included in the standard and which allow accommodation and lodging establishments to be subsequently certified.

The integration of learning management systems with learning object management systems allows to increase the availability, reuse, integration and adaptability of educational contents according to the characteristics and preferences of the clients. However, given the new trends in the integration of learning objects, software architectures and recommendation systems, it is of high added value to optimize the services offered to customers through an integrated learning management system aimed at the automatic construction of Adaptive training processes in higher education. The main result is the description of an integral system of virtual education based on the competences required by the students, which integrates learning objects (OA) through a semantic OA recommender system and then the system sequencing the OAs to respond to the required competences. The software architecture of the system is structured in two layers: The layer of OA discovery and adaptability and the layer of generation of adaptive training processes, which have as a design principle the web services in order to guarantee the interoperability of the layers.

The community of Altos de la Sabana is a population composed of families of limited economic resources and victims of the internal armed conflict in Sucre, located in low-income housing. In this urbanization is the Institution of Higher Education of the Holy Shroud. Given that at present it does not have technological and innovative tools for academic use, information provided by the rector and the academic coordinator of this institution, as well as being considered as a vulnerable community by the national government, which gives them a priority position when implementing educational and social projects; The main objective of this project is to encourage the students of the secondary school of the institution to use technological tools to solve problems in their environment. This research has a quantitative approach and the design of the research focuses on field research and with a pre-experimental method. For the execution of this project, 3 moments were concentrated; initially, an initial test was carried out to validate knowledge in technological tools and the self-directed profile, then some training was carried out using the problem-based methodology and finally a final evaluation to measure acquired competences. The results of the post-test, in contrast to the initial test, revealed that 65% of students in grade 11 of the institution demonstrate an empowerment in the use of ICT tools and concepts in the field of basic analog-digital electronics. This is how ICTs are based on the education system, as they are facilitating tools in the teaching-learning process.

Currently services for online payments using gateways, have been displacing traditional payments. In this way, in addition to providing ease to the user, it also increases revenues from the use of these technologies. All electronic payment methods make life easier and make processing much cheaper, more efficient and more friendly for the end user, who with just a couple of clicks can process any request from your Smartphone, Tablet or Laptop. At present, the marketing processes of Tecnar's Technological Office services are carried out manually, as well as the offer to the external community in general. The process of paying for a service, vital to guarantee the income and sustainability of the business unit, does not have an online payment platform. For this reason, it is necessary to develop an information system that allows executing consultations and online payments.

A dynamic website will be delivered in a first phase using the PayU platform, to pay for computer maintenance services. Prior to this, there will be an investigation of other sites that use electronic commerce to promote their products. Finally, the development of the site will be carried out, implementing a database in MySQL, developing the site in HTML5 language through the BoilerPlate framework and the CSS3, JavaScript and PHP languages. In addition, implementing the Scrum methodology, which allows us to incorporate a set of good practices to work as a team and obtain better results. Preliminary effects include the creation of the database, the administration module and the PayU gateway registration.

The objective of the research was to develop an information system for the management in the optics of the city of Riohacha, which allows the information to be obtained in a reliable, timely manner, facilitating the whole process carried out in these companies, for the management and provision of services to their patients. The system includes an administrative management module and a sales and inventory module. This research is of applied projective type, with non-experimental, cross-field design, on the information management needs that are presented in the opticians of the city of Riohacha. The result of this investigation was the development and implementation of a system to strengthen the process of administrative management of the optical of the city of Riohacha, this software is the result of an analysis of the prerequisites of the processes of the optics of the city, the design and development of the system, tests and finally the commissioning of the System in one of the analyzed optics: the Iris Optics of the Guajira.

In Colombia there is a model of monitoring the Quality of Education in which different tests are applied throughout the academic lifecycle of a student, in basic education, secondary education, until finally reaching higher education. Among these tests are: the Saber Test 11 and the Saber T & T Test, among others. The first, applies to students of the last grade of secondary education and the second to students of the last semester of the Technical and Technological program. It is possible to think that a person who obtained good results in the test saber 11, after preparing in a Higher Education program and presenting the corresponding test, should present a notable improvement in their results, if compared with the first exam. The foregoing is not necessarily true, in order to make this statement it is essential to carry out a study that supports this theory. The present research makes use of Test Wilcoxon to compare the means of 2 distributions, for this case particularly : the Saber 11 and Saber T & T tests of the same student. From the Saber 11 test, the generic Mathematical and language competences are chosen, and for the Saber T & T tests, quantitative reasoning and critical reading were selected. The selected population are the students of the Technology in Systems program who took the test in 2012, belonging to the Faculty of Design and Engineering of the Technological Foundation Antonio de Arevalo - TECNAR, they are students, product of the first accreditation of the program.

One of the most used antennas today, is that of slots in waveguides. These antennas are an important type within the microwave range with various applications in electronic communications systems, radar, and satellite applications, due to its high power capacity, high efficiency, low weight, compact structure and few lateral lobes, all added together to its proven resistance to radiation, high temperatures and vibration, characteristics without which they can not be used in aerospace applications. The following lines show the design and simulation of a Slot Waveguide Array Antenna (SWAA) for satellite communications in the 30 GHz band. The antenna will be approximately 170x170 mm, constituted by 24x24 slots. It will be fed by waveguides in a lower layer connected to the radiating guides through slots. The modeling and design of the different elements that make up the power grid as T-junctions and elbows in the E and H planes were carried out.

The contamination of bodies of water by heavy metals represents not only a danger for the environment, but also for human health; because they do not have the capacity to biodegrade, accumulate in the environment and in the tissues of the living organisms that inhabit it. In order to minimize these impacts, Zinc adsorption (Zn) was studied in aqueous solutions using humic acids extracted from bituminous coal from the Cerrejón mine (Guajira). This investigation was divided into two phases: The extraction of Humic Acids and the adsorption study. In the first phase, an aqueous oxidation of coal samples with different particle sizes (125mm, 250mm, and 425mm) was performed, with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, at a concentration of 30%. In the second phase Zn²⁺ removal using Humic Acids extracted from bituminous coals was studied in aqueous media as a function of pH, highest percentage of adsorption obtained was of 66.8% at a pH of 5.