Table of contents

The 1^st International Conference on Agriculture and Bioindustry (ICAGRI) 2019 is an efficient forum for networking, exchanging and strengthening the cooperation between institutions (academicians and practitioners) around the world in realizing the ideals of agricultural development. Various issues related to sustainable agriculture, agricultural biotechnology, biodiversity, biomaterial and bioindustry, forestry, environmental and waste management, food sciences, entrepreneur and commercialization, supply and value chain, and animal husbandry in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 were discussed to accelerate innovation and technology of resource-based food security and local wisdom.

We thank all authors for supporting and attending this conference. We would also like to thank the organizing committees, the international scientific committees, the reviewers, and the collaboration partners for their tremendous efforts to organize this conference successfully.

List of Peer Review Statement and Committees are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Kopi luwak, is an Indonesian exotic coffee, is known as one of most popular coffee in the world. This coffee is prepared from the finest and ripest coffee berries that are eaten by Asian civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), cat like-animal. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical attributes of kopi luwak both in green and roasted coffee bean. This study conducted by collecting the six samples of kopi luwak from different farms in Gayo Highland, which then processed onto green and roasted coffee beans. The examined parameters are protein, lipid, caffeine and chlorogenic acids. The results of this study showed that the differences existed in chemical attributes of green and roasted of Gayo kopi luwak. The average contents of lipid, protein, caffeine and chlorogenic acids of Gayo arabica kopi luwak in green bean were 12.30%, 13.36%, 1.20% and 3.73%, while in roasted bean were 14.79%, 13.66%, 1.10% and 0.88% respectively. To be conclude with, lipids and caffeine survived during thermal treatments in roasting process, meanwhile chlorogenic acids and protein (N-compunds) are degraded and formed smaller fragments with lower molecular weights.

Fertilizers addition that is in accordance with the vegetative and generative needs of rice plants, the yield of grain production will be able to increase, to see the nutrients needed by rice plants can be seen with a soil nutrient index. The purpose of this study was to make fertilizer recommendations that appropriate with increased growth and production of the plants based on nutrient indextoachieve targeted production. Experimental design research was a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 repeats. First factor was given complete fertilizer (urea, SP-36, KCl, and dolomite), consisted of:0 g/plant; 549.574 g/plant; 824.36 g/plant; 1099.15 g/plant; 1373.94 g/plant. Second factor was soil nutrient indexconsisted of 0.9 (10% reduced dosage); 1 (standard nutrient index); 1.1 (10% added dosage). The result showed that givenfertilizer based on nutrient index significantly effective in grain rice production. The addition of fertilizer in appropriates high dosage of 1373.94 g/plant was able to increase production per plant plotuntil 5 kg/plot. The conclusion of this research is givingnutrient elements that appropriate with vegetative and generative needs of plants, so that maximum production can be achieved in accordance with the desired production target in one harvest period.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation in rations containing leubiem fish waste (Chanthidermis Maculatus) on the performance of local duck. The study used 192 female local ducks 8-20 weeks old grower phase. The ducks were allocated into 4 treatments and 4 replications (12 ducks/pen). The female local ducks was fed ration contained 18% crude protein and 2700 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. The experiment used completely randomized design with 4 treatment rations: P1 (basal diet/control); P2 (probiotic supplementation 0,5% in rations containing 10% leubiem fish skin flour); P3 (probiotic supplementation 1% in rations containing 10% leubiem fish head flour); P4 (probiotic supplementation 1,5% in rations containing 10% leubiem fish bone flour). The observed variables were: feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion, and mortality of local duck. Data were analiyzed by one-way analysis of variance then continued with Duncan test. The results showed that of probiotic supplementation in rations containing leubiem fish waste gave a positive response to the performance of female local duck grower phase. Probiotic supplementation in rations containing leubiem fish waste (skin flour, head and bone) significantly affect (P<0,05) feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, and ration conversion, but no significant affect on mortality local duck grower phase. It was concluded that of probiotic supplementation 1% in rations containing leubiem fish waste (skin flour 10%) could to increase body weight gain, final body weight and be able to reduce local duck mortality.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

The study on termite species composition and distribution was conducted in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Province. 52 species belonging to 22 genera, 8 subfamilies and 2 families were recorded. Among these 22 genera, Odontotermes had the highest species richness with 9 species accounting for 17.3% of the total, followed by Macrotermes and Pericapritermes (4 species, 9.6%), Glytotermes, Schedorhinotermes and Dicuspiditermes (3 species, 5.8%). The remaining genera had 1 to 2 species. Two genera Sinocapritermes Ping and Xu, 1986 and Sinonasutitermes Li and Ping 1986 are new records for termite fauna of Vietnam. Result on termite distribution in different habitats showed that the species number in the Natural Forest was the highest with 45 species (86.5%). Distribution of termites in different altitudes showed that the highest species richness was found at altitudes between 300-1,000 m (36 species, 71.2%), followed by the altitudinal range between 1,000 m and 1,700m (26 species, 50.0%), below 300m (16 species, 30.8%) and the lowest species richness was found at altitudes above 1,700m (3 species, 5.8%).

Response of flowering has become an attracting field for plant breeders and is pre-requisite in plant introduction process from different ecogeographical origins. Time of flowering is mostly induced by the day-length or photoperiod and temperature. Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) is known as multipurpose plants and utilized as grains or as vegetables. Under tropical environment, likewise in Indonesia, the requirement of day-length to induce flowering in amaranths is unrevealed as the day-length remains always constant with approximately 12 hours per day. During the introduction of amaranth to Japan, we would like to confirm the type of amaranth, which in general has been theoretically classified as short day plants. Under the variation of day-length ranging from 9 up to 15 hours during the four seasons in Japan, thus, we confirmed that amaranth as short day plants. Although, the vegetable ones required day-length up to 12 hours. Such conclusion was obtained from the flowering response of 69 accessions representing amaranth's eco-geographical variations within two consecutive years. Seeds were sown in two replicates. Plant nursery was conducted on the Norin-Ijutsu Centre belongs to the University of Tsukuba. Mean values from two replicates were obtained and the average was then further subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA) [JMP ver. 7.0 (SAS Institute, USA)]. Thus, PCA was able to differentiate the flowering tendency within the three types of amaranths in the form of three ellipsoids.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

No matter how high source potency of a region is, the capitalistic development approach always gives construction residue which later called a burden social prosperity problem. Poverty and a massive number of immoralities cannot be neglected. This condition seems gradually happens. Lengkong Jaya Village, the object of this research is no exception. With 500.25 ha of land, this village is rich in natural sources and has potential to be a well-developed village as well as a model village. Unfortunately, there are still 513 poor families by the percentage of 30% of 6,160 inhabitants total amount population (2019). This research is aiming to provide some recommendations to develop some agricultural potentials in correlation with the sharia approach. The research was carried out using the SWOT methodology approach (qualitative analysis). Involving 161 expert respondents from all RWs (8 RWs). Based on the data that has been processed, it is known that Lengkong Jaya Village is in quadrant A, meaning that there is a high correlation between strengths and opportunities (S-O) of the village. The strategic recommendation is Comparative Advantage, while the functional recommendations are the derivative strategies, called Core Competence. By this recommendation, stakeholders of the village, especially governments are advised to utilize the Comparative Advantage of the village. The recommendation is very important to attain the hopes of Lengkong Jaya Village stakeholders, specifically being a Blessing Agro-Industry Village.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Labour productivity influenced by work-in-process, labour skills, machineries and working environment. This study identified factors affecting the labour during sorting and grading of cinnamon. Five factors used as independent variables, namely working motivation (X1), working environment (X2), salary (X3), age (X4) and workload (X5). Factors then correlated with labour performance (Y) as dependent variable. Samples were randomly selected from respondents, of the Rasdi Fo & Co. Personal characterization calculated from employee's years of service. Results then grouped according to the labour experienced, and statistical analyses were set according to F test, t test, power function, and influence factors. These methods used to analyse the working environment, in correlation to the employee performance, room temperature, humidity, lighting, and noise levels. From the results, X2, X3, X4 and X5 had no significant effect, while Y can be described as a function of 2,06(X1^0.326)(X2^0.016)(X3^0.170)(X4^0.479)(X5^−0.172). Maximum room temperature recorded at 38.4°C, while minimum temperature recorded at 29.3°C, lower than the ideal level. Maximum and minimum humidity (RH) was 91.3 % and 59.2 %, respectively. The RH in working environment exceed normal level. The noise level recorded between 48.8 dBA and 78.4 dBA, which classified as normal without ear protection.

Kebonpeuteuy Village is located at the foot of Mount Gede Pangrango. The existence of a Bottled Drinking Water Plant in this region raises a crucial issue dealing with the decrease of clean water supplies for the villagers, especially in hamlet 1. This study produces a number of confirmations: (1) during this time the distribution of the availability of clean water in this village has been ensured with a reservoirs system or water tanks and pipelines; (2) the existence of this plant does not have a direct influence on the sustainability of clean water availability in this village because the plant only takes ground water instead of surface water; (3) there is a significant change related to safeguarding the sustainability of the availability of clean water after the application of the recommendations from LKMM research, in the form of making water banks, planting trees along the watershed, making bio-pores and several other infiltration wells; and (4) related to the status of the operation of the drinking water business according to Islamic law, the drinking water plant only takes ground water from a depth of 60-90 meters and does not obstruct the rights of other parties who also want to access the groundwater source in other locations. For this result, it is recommended that the involvement of all village development stakeholders, including the educational institutions and drinking water plants to educate all the villagers to strengthen the independent mental attitudes, self-assessment capabilities and problem solving so that the availability of clean water can be carried out independently. Especially, the plant managers of the drinking water are required to increase transparency in the groundwater extraction process to settle the issue of the exploitation of surface water by the drinking water plant and to prevent the emergence of things considered counterproductive from the community.

The community of Dusun Bunot, Desa Alue Naga, Kecamatan Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh Indonesia, considers the crown flower plant with the Latin name "Calotropis gigantea" which is known as "Bak Rubee" as weeds. These plants spread from the coast, garden fields, to the road, flourishing around 80% on vacant land. This study aims to determine the potential and utilization of crown flower (Calotropis gigantea) in Dusun Bunot. This study used a survey method with closed questionnaires totaling 6 questions studied on 10 respondents or around 15% of the number of family heads. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and displayed in the form of table data with pie charts. The results showed that as many as 100% of respondents knew of this plant, as many as 80% of respondents knew there was a benefit, as much as 60% of respondents said that there were parts of plants that were liked by goats, although 70% of respondents knew the benefits of drugs in plant parts, but as much as 100% stated that the existence of this plant was felt as a pest, then the rate of growth of the growth around 7 days after cutting the base was able to grow again, so 100% of respondents answered the growth of crown flower fast category. In conclusion, crown flower is very potential and useful as a medicine and has the potential to be used as an additional source of income for residents of Dusun Bunot.

Due to high cost of conventional feed, the use of agro-industrial by products has been widely known as alternative for animal feed. The aims of this experiment is to get information about the potency of agro-industrial by product in Aceh that can be utilized as feed for ruminant animals based on volatile fatty acid concentration, gas production and methane emission. Eight kinds of agro-industrial by product in Aceh from three different location products (sago residues, coconut meal, soybean-ketchup by product, coffee pulp, cacao pod, sago tree, corncob, and rice brand) were used in this study. Prior to analyses, all samples were dehydrated at the temperature of 60°C for 24 h, then crushed to pass a 1 mm sieve. Crushed samples were analysed to determine volatile fatty acid concentration, gas production and methane emission. Incubation was carried out in water bath with three replicates for 48 h with the temperature of 39°C. The production of gas was collected and periodically documented at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after incubation by using a syiringe. The VFA production from agro-industrial by products in this study was not significantly different (P>0.05) from one by-products and others from 83±2.26 mmol/l for cacao pod to 123 ±16.1 mmol/l for coffee pulp. The production of NH₃ was with the range of 5.72 mmol/l to 15.71 mmol/l for for sago trees and coconut meal respectively. Total gas production from agro-industrial by products was 69.90 ml g/DM to 210.40 ml g/DM with methane gas production in the range of 33,88 – 35.18 ml/g DM after agro-industrial by products were incubated for 48 h. In conclusion, based on the fermentation parameters in this study, local agro-industrial by products in Aceh Province can be utilized as sources of alternative animal feed as replacement of conventional. Based on fermentation parameters measured in this study (VFA, NH₃, gas production total) were still in optimal range for fermentation process in animal production

The purpose of this research was to obtain best consentration of CaO catalyst chicken eggshell in transesterification process on quality of biodiesel produced from pangi seed oil. The treatment of CaO catalyst concentrations in this research was S1 (1%), S2 (1.5%), S3 (2%), S4 (2.5%), and S5 (3%). The collected data were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) continued by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) test at 5% level. The parameters observed were acid value, density, iodium value, saponification value, and cetana number. The results of analysis showed that consentration of CaO catalyst chicken eggshell gave unsignificantly affect on acid value and cetana number but significantly affect on density, iodium value, and saponification value of biodiesel. The chosen treatment in this research was S5 (CaO catalyst 3%). The treatment of S5 has yield 97.99% with characteristics acid value 0.68 mg KOH/g, density 885.22 kg/m3, iodium value 81.41 g I2/100 g, saponification value 179.00 mg KOH/g, and cetana number 58.48.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

The need for rice continues to increase every year in line with population growth so that eventually it becomes a problem for national food. The society's view of fulfilling carbohydrate needs is one of the factors in increasing rice demand. This study aims to determine the best treatment of the harvesting, physicochemical properties, organoleptic test using the effectiveness index method on M7 genotype Aceh local rice. The results showed that the determination of potential quality of M7 genotype Aceh local rice was in the potential yield parameter and the weight of 1000 grains, the best physicochemical properties of M7 genotype rice were found in G2 which had a value of 0.107. While the parameters of kamba density, water content, and amylose content were found in G6 with the results of 0.178; 0.089 and 0.044. In the parameters of milled rice soaking, whiteness and starch content, the highest product values were found in the G3 with the results of 0.067; 0.133 and 0.200. In the parameters of the rice dimensions and amylopectin levels, the highest values was in G4 and G5 with results of 0.156 and 0.022 and the best organoleptic test results on the M7 genotype Aceh local rice was found in G3 which had a value of 1.000. In the attributes of aroma, color, texture, shape and overall acceptance, the panelists chose Aceh local rice in G3 with the results of 0.133; 0.067; 0.333; 0.267 and 0.200.

Now looking for jobs is not the right solution or alternative after taking education because the number of offers is not proportional to the number of requests available. Entrepreneurship is an excellent alternative to overcome the limitations of employment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of interest in student entrepreneurship, compare the level of interest, and investigate the relationship of knowledge, potential, and environment to the interests of entrepreneurship. The population in this study was 1,089 students from the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. A total of respondents are 30% of the population. Data is collected using a questionnaire (online survey). The results of this study indicate that the level of student interest in entrepreneurship is still low compared to being an employee, 36% choose to become entrepreneurs, and 64% choose to become employees. There are significant differences in the level of interest between study programs. Study programs based on agriculture are more likely to be entrepreneurial in agriculture, while study programs based on business and technology are more interested in doing business outside of agriculture. Knowledge, potential, and a supportive environment for entrepreneurship in agriculture are not correlated with student's interest in becoming agricultural entrepreneurs. Student's view becoming more secure employees and businesses outside agriculture is more promising.

Availability of agricultural land is an important factor in ensuring food availability. Dryland such as Entisol has been used as an alternative for agricultural activities. Efforts to improve soil fertility on dryland can be done through the application of biochar and cow manure as soil amendments. This research was carried out on Entisoldryland located in the experimental site of The ACIAR Project, UniversitasSyiahKuala from April to September 2018. The study used a non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments weresoil amendments of rice husk and cocopeatbiochars, each was combined with cow manure. The doses used were 0 t ha⁻¹ and 10 t ha⁻¹ for each type of biochar, while cow manure was given at the doses of 0 t ha⁻¹; 10 t ha⁻¹; and 20 t ha⁻¹. After the application of biochar and cow manure, the experimental land was planted with peanuts. The results showed that the application of biochar and cow manure were able to increase soil pH, organic C, total N, C:N ratio, available-P, and exchangeable-K. Both types of soil amendments were also able to give a significant result on the weight of peanut seeds, and increase the potential yield of peanuts by 3,96 t ha⁻¹.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Coastal zones are areas that are vulnerable to ecological damage. One type of ecosystem that is vulnerable to damage in coastal zones is mangroves. The coastal area of East Aceh is one of the areas where the existence of mangrove ecosystems has a high level of criticality. The level of criticality of mangroves in the area is caused by various factors such as exploitation of natural resources, physical development such as residential areas, and conversion of land to other designation areas without considering to the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. By utilization of Landsat 8 and Bing Map Imagery satellite image data using the concept of geographic information systems, the extent of mangrove forest and its critical level can be inventoried. Determination of the critical level of mangrove forests was carried out by referring to the mangrove inventory guidelines issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry in 2005. The results of data processing showed that the critical level of mangrove forests reached 4,200.02 hectares in severely damaged conditions, 7,286.93 hectares in damaged condition, and 9.704, 01 hectares are not damaged. Based on these results, forest management efforts are needed through the method of rehabilitating mangrove forests toimprove the condition of heavily damaged mangrove forests.

An evaluation of 4^th generation (M4) of Kipas Putih soybean mutants was done to obtain a high potential production line. The research was conducted at Agriculture Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam - Banda Aceh. Kipas Putih soybean variety that have not been irradiated was used as a control. Evaluation was done on agronomic character and yield. The results showed that mutants with high potential for production were B4, B15 and B22 mutants. The best mutant is B15 that have increased in the seed size about of 19,19 % from the parent – Kipas Putih variety (B0).

Information about rice phase growth is essential forpredicting of rice production, and to ensure food security program, especially during Rendeng season of rice field. The use of remote sensing data is very helpful in the process of determining the phases of plant growth. Information about the condition of the rice plant is very important to be able to estimate the growth phases and the planting season that fittingwithin the control of the production results of the rice field. This research aims to analyze phenology of rice crops during Rendeng season using remote sensing data by utilizing EVI-2 ratio. The methods used in this research is a descriptive method of quantitative interpretation with Landsat 8 OLI data. Classification on phenology phase was carried out fro the selected area of Aceh Besar District, Aceh. Results show that phenology cycle of rice crop during Rendengseason vary, ranging from low greenness to high greenness. The total area for each phase of growth also varies, with peak area occur in January. There are cyclical differences of different rice plant phenology in the Rendeng in Aceh Besar District. The differences of planting times by the farmers resulted in the existence of the value of the EVI-2 ratio variation in the area. January is the higher values of the greenness of rice crop then drop to February to March. The value of the ratio of EVI-2 experience increases with the total area of rice plant in accordance with the phases of growth of the rice plant.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Anthocephalusmacrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil. seedlings are the most preferred plant for nursery because they have a lot of benefits. Further, its benefits can increase economic prosperity of this plant. The main problem in nursery of forestry plants is pest and disease attacks. The disease that is a focus on this research is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodiatheobromae Pat. that may lead the host plant to death. Every plant has its resistant mechanisms to pathogen attacks both before and after pathogen attacks. This research aims: (1) to study B. theobromaeattack with wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on red jabon seedlings; (2) to study resistant mechanism of red jabon seedlings both in structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae attacks. The structural resistance was done by studying the microscopic stem of the red jabon seedlings, which was conducted through scanning electron microscope. While, the biochemical resistance was done by studying the chemical compounds of red jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. Red jabon seedlings had the structure of trychomaes on the epidermis and necrotic resistance as structural resistance before and after pathogen attacked, respectively. Red jabon seedlings also had secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenol hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, triterpenoids and steroids. Biochemical resistance of red jabon seedling after pathogen attacks showed the increase of accumulation of phenolic compounds as phenol hydroquinone and tannin and the increase of accumulation of triterpenoids and steroids compounds.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

This study aims to design a model of supply chain management of Gayo Arabica coffee industry in an effort to increase value added and profit for smallholder plantation and company. The method applied to achieve this goal is a system dynamics methodology which is a modeling approach based on systemic thinking and uses perspectives based on information feedback and delay to understand the complex behavior dynamics of physical, biological and social systems, which occur in the supply chain management. The results showed that through the development of a hybrid production system and quality engineering in supply chain management of the Gayo Arabica coffee industry has been able to respond to the dynamics of consumer order. Scenario I and II made changes to model parameters which resulted in an increase in business profit obtained by company, while smallholder plantations did not experience changes in the profits of their business. Scenario III carried out a structural change model that was divided into two parts, namely the Scenario IIIA which applied institutional innovation between governance of public plantation relations with agro-industrial cooperatives in the form of coffee bean delivery system, while Scenario IIIB applied the governance of public plantation relations with agroindustry cooperatives in the form of transaction systems coffee bean. The results of Scenario IIIA are able to increase the value added and benefit obtained by smallholder plantation and be able to increase company profits and maintain customer satisfaction simultaneously. Scenario IIIB results are only able to increase company profits and maintain customer satisfaction, while increasing profits and value added of smallholder plantations do not occur.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

The purpose of this study was to develop inventory system of potentially entomopathogenic fungi from the termites' nests at Seulawah Ecosystem, Aceh, Indonesia. The identification and pathogenicity test of the entomopathogenic fungi were conducted at Zoology and Microbiology Laboratories, Syiah Kuala University. We found that a potential entomopathogenic fungus, Aspergilus sp., from nest of termite (Nasutitermes spp.). Laboratory studies have shown that this entomopathogenic fungus affected to control termite Coptotermes sp. Aspergillus fungus has a great potency to be applied as a biological control agent against the termite.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Increasing level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage the cell membrane and composition of DNA, leading to organ degeneration. Pancreas is among the organs that is sensitive to oxidative damage. Consumption of flavonoid-rich stuffs such as herbs, fruits and vegetables are believed to strengthen antioxidant capacity in the body in neutralizing free radicals. Gambir leaves have been used traditionally as remedies of various diseases. The most prominent active compounds in Gambir is flavonoid catechin which belongs to flavan-3-ols group. D-galactose is monosaccharide thatin high concentration can increase ROS generationand induce senescence in animal models. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of Gambir leaves extract (GLE) in preventing ROS production and pancreas damage in galactose-induced mice model. Twenty-four female mice were divided into 4 groups amd injectedwith D-galactose 150 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally for 6 weeks. Three groups were supplemented with GLE 100; 200 and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. Serum MDA, blood glucose and pancreas histopatology were analyzed. There is no significant difference among GLE-treated groups compared to control in the level of serum MDA (p=0,286), blood glucose fasting (p=0,051) and random (p=0,626), and pancreas histopathology: area of Langerhans islet (p=0,589) and perimeter of Langerhans islet (p=0,634). We did not found the histological damage in panreas. Interestingly, we found a trend increase in area, perimeter and cell number in Langerhans islet. Our data suggested a potential effect of GLE in increasing the growth of panreatic cells. Further study is necessary to elucidate the regenerative effect of GLE in damage pancreas such as streptozotocin-induced diabetes model.

Soybean commodity is an essential and strategic food crop because food is an essential need for human beings. Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has become the center of soybean production. However, in recent years, Aceh's soybean production has declined; this is due to the growing interest of farmers in soybean farming. This study aims to analyze the causes of reduced interest of farmers in soybean commodity farming and to map farmer's interest in soybean farming. The research method used was descriptive qualitative and collecting data using survey techniques. The results showed that soybean farmers in Pidie Jaya District had good interest and knowledge about soybeans, while soybean farmers in Central Aceh Districts and East Aceh Districts had low interest in soybean affairs and quite good farming ability. The cause of the reduced interest of farmers in soybean business decreased by the low selling prices at the farmer level, pests, prices, and also the limited market that accepts soybean commodities. The percentage of soybean farmers in Aceh Province, which still operates soybeans in Aceh Province, is 27%, while 73% have switched to other commodities.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Purchase decision is the thought process that leads a consumer from identifying a need, generating options, and choosing a specific product and brand. One of the important factors in the decision to purchase a product is the price. Price is the amount of money needed to get some combination of goods along with services. The purpose of the study is to know the influence of price towardsthe consumers decision purchase of local and national retail bakery products. The population of this research are undergraduate students who are active in Universitas Syiah Kuala. The samples are taken 374 students based on systematic random sampling method. Linear regression analysis technique is used to get result. The results showed that price effect significantly to the purchasing decisions of packaging bread. The magnitude of the influence of these variables about 42,6%.

Sie reuboh is a traditional festive cuisine from Aceh Besar district – Aceh Province. Sie reuboh named by Acehnese for a 2:1 comparison of red-meat and separated beef tallow boiled with palm vinegar and blended spices. It reported having a long shelf life, exquisite of taste and flavor. Normally, Acehnese cooks this cuisine with traditional clay pot. As cooking utensil, clay pot is vulnerable to breakage and has slow heat propagation compared to stainless steel pot which has long usage and good heat conductor. This study aims to compare the quality of produced siereuboh based on its sensory quality (Hedonic and Qualitative Descriptive Analysis = QDA) and consumer acceptance by hedonic test. Sie reuboh was cooked in two types of cooking ware (earth clay pot and stainlesssteelpot) in four times repetitions. The obtained data is statistical analyzed with ANOVA and DMRT. The results showed that sie reuboh cooked with stainless steel pot is preferable in terms of color, aroma, flavor (P≤0,01) than one cooked with clay pot. Furthermore, the QDA showed that from ten examined attributes, brightness, sour and spicy aroma and umami flavor of sie reuboh cooked with stainless steel has higher notes (P≤0,01) than other treatment. As conclusion, it can be stated that stainless steel provides sie reuboh with better sensory properties and higher consumer liking.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

The purpose of this study was to find out the strategies for developing coconut in the areas that have the most potential to develop coconut commodity commodities in Aceh Besar Regency. The research method used is a potential survey and regional development policy FGD. Hierarchical and SWOT analysis to find priority development areas and future development strategies. The results of this study indicate that the most potentially developed areas of coconut plants to be developed as one of the mainstay commodities of the area in Aceh Besar Regency, Pulo Aceh Subdistrict, which occupy the first priority. The second priority is Darussalam Sub district. The third priority is the Mesjid Raya Sub-district, and Blang Bintang. The fourth priority is Kuta Cot Glie Sub-district, and Kuta Baro. The fifth priority is Seulimum Subdistrict and Lhong. The strategy for developing coconut plant commodities in Aceh Besar District is to expand information networks related to technology adoption in emphasizing various pest attacks in local coconut cultivation and seeking access to assistance from the government and strengthening partnership networks and utilizing partnerships in strengthening capital for the development of coconut farming in Aceh Besar Regency.

The new behavior has emerged in the era of information and digital communication. it covers many aspects of life, including sale and purchase transaction. Currently, shopping activities are no longer done by going directly to the seller in order to get the products we need. it is also very rare for the consumer to use cash for the payment. they can hold the sale and purchase transaction whenever and wherever it is needed by utilizing an application which is available accessed by mobile phone. This study has involved 209 respondents who were actively engaged in shopping activities through online stores. from those 209 respondents, there were 21% respondents stated using an online store to buy daily needs, and the one which is more interesting is there are 30.47% of respondents said that they ever bought food and beverages by online store application. These indicated that consumer shopping behavior for food in the era of information and digital technology became a new-interesting trend to be further observed and researched.

The increasing of internet usage now is a new business opportunity by providing online stores, including SMEs UD. Cristal Yogyakarta. UD. Cristal has some obstacles, there are the salak processed products that are not widely known, the level of online sales has not been maximized and it is still fluctuating. This study aims to identify the marketing mix that influence the level of sales online of the salak processed products and prioritize the improvement of the best marketing mix strategy for UD. Cristal is based on a marketing mix that influences and readiness from UD. Cristal. Data analysis used in this research is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, simultaneous test (F-test) and partial test (t-test). Based on this research, it was found that the marketing mix simultaneously had a positive significant effect on the level of sales online of the salak processed products with a value (adjusted R2) is 59,4%. And then partially, four out seven marketing mix variables have a positive significant effect on the level sales online are the product, promotion, process/services, and physical evidence. Priority improvement of online marketing mix UD. Cristal consists of repairing service facilities, improving physical evidence on online stores, developing promotional methods through the internet, adding promotions in the form of discounts, and product development.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Rice is an important food source and a staple food for most developing country, including Indonesia. Besides white rice, Indonesia has pigmented rice varieties, one of them is black rice which has begun to be popular. Black rice has beneficial effects on health because of its content. Black rice is a good source of fibers, minerals, and phytochemicals. Some regions in Indonesia produce black rice, one of them is Special Region of (Yogyakarta). Yogyakarta local black rice exists for a long time, but still very limited people know it. Producers are facing difficulties in selling black rice. This study aims to develop a marketing strategy to help producers to market black rice and to preserve local black rice cultivars in Yogyakarta. The methods used were IFAS and EFAS matrix, SWOT, and QSPM. The result shows that for Yogyakarta local black rice, there are necessaryto carry outmassive promotions, expand sales locations, expand and strengthen marketing networks, improve farmer organization performance, and increase local Yogyakarta black rice production as well.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potency of several local phytogenic (Vernonia amygdalina Del., Calotropis gigantean, Syzygium oleana, Syzygium cumini, L) as antioxidant and antimicrobial sources in feed additives for non-ruminant animals. Antibiotic as feed additive has been banned since 2006 due to harmful effect of antibiotic not only for animals but for consumers. Phytogenic as suitable natural alternatives has been intensively studied and had positively effect on animal health and productivity. Five extract phytogenic that massively grow in Aceh were extracted by using maceration method with the comparison of material and ethanol solvent 1:4. Antioxidant testing by using DPPH method and antimicrobial pathogen testing (Salmonella and E. coli) by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with gradient doses of extract (250 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL, 750 mg/mL), chloramphenicol as positive control and aquadest as negative control. The results of study indicated that Syzygium cumini, was the best phytogenic feed additives compared with the others feed additives. Syzygium cumini, L had antioxidant activity (IC50 19.91) and inhibition zone diameter of 4.80 and 12.78 for E.coli and Salmonella respectively with the dose of 750 mg/mL. In conclusion, all phytogenic feed additives can be utilized as feed additives for non-ruminant animals with S. cumini, L as the best phytogenic feed additives.

Risks and their associated sources of risks in the supply chain of tempeh vary either due to improper raw material handling, inappropriate production processes or improper product handling by salespersons. This research aims to identify the risks that occur in the tempeh supply chain at XYZ Company, conduct analysis and evaluate risks and provide a proposed risk mitigation strategy. Primary data were obtained through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews of the actors involved in the tempeh supply chain. Identification of risks that occurred in the tempeh supply chain was conducted using SCOR approach. Risks were identified based on supply chain activities that occurred in the Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return business processes. Risk analysis was carried out using Modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach. The results showed that there are eleven risk events that must be taken into consideration for preventive program. The risk events are distributed in Plan business process (3), Source (1), Make (4), Deliver (2) and Return (1). The preventive program for avoiding the risk events occurring should give precedence on controlling Fluctuating demand (A1), Suddenorder (A4), Indiscipline of workers (A14) and Close down of consumer's business (A18).

Differences in can dimension, filled volume and type of sterilization equipment affect the heat penetration rate, temperature and time required for sterilization process in canned food. Thus, careful calculation and decision for those factors are critical to determine the final product quality. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the quality of canned yellowfin tuna in a specific can dimension using a 24 L pressure canner by applying different time and temperature combination i.e., sterilization at 121°C for 20 minutes and at 115°C for 50 minutes. Two type of mediums used were palm oil and brine. Heat penetration study and calculation of sterilization time (Fo value) were conducted using thermocouple data logger for both methods. The results showed that the protein content decreased slightly from 24.6% (fresh tuna) to 23,57% (canned tuna sterilized at 121°C for 20 min) and to 13,31% for canned tuna sterilized at 115°C for 50 min. There was a sharp increment obtained for fat content of canned tuna in palm oil (0.54% to 10.6%). Heat penetration study indicated that the Fo for canned tuna in brine were longer (30.13 minutes) than tuna in oil (20.09 minutes). This research suggests that sterilization of canned tuna is recommended to be done at 121°C for 20 minutes with regards to the nutritional content of the final product, particularly the protein content.

The co-working space café business grew faster in the last decade. Students and freelancers use these cafés to do their daily activities. This type of café provides food, beverages, and comfortable place to work. This new demand encourages business owners to think further. The growth of cafés triggered by new working style demanding shared work facilities and networking access. Visitors can enjoy meal and drinks while working on their assignments independently or within their work team. Information on consumer needs as well as satisfaction are not clearly formulated yet. The purpose of this research to analyse the important attributes that customers need and attributes that can satisfy them when they use co-working space café. The data were collected using questionnaires from 100 respondents in 5 locations of co-working space cafés located in Yogyakarta. The results show that the required attributes by the consumer are the availability of electrical plugs, indoor air conditioning, varied and tasty food, Google maps access, availability of parking lots for motorcycles and cars, friendly and informative employees, and ease of booking. Attributes that can satisfy consumer are the atmosphere and interior aesthetics, availability of indoor and outdoor space, the availability of promotion programs, and flexibility of payment.

This research aims to analyse the biogas production made from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using anaerobic batch reactor (ABR). In this study three factors were used and each had three levels. The first factor is source of microorganism (liquid waste and sludge of Palm Oil Mill Effluent, and P-Biored), the second factor is preliminary treatment using NaOH (concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 8%) and the third factor is total solids (10%, 25%, and 40 %). The research parameters included the volume of biogas, levels of methane gas, and reduced organic matter. The results of this study indicate that the best factor and level are preliminary treatment with 0% NaOH, source of microorganism from liquid waste of Palm Oil Mill Effluent and using 10% total solids which produce as much as 2457 ml biogas with methane yield of 929.01 ml/300 gr OPEFB and reduced organic matter of 138.25 gr/300 gr OPEFB.

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grounds are kind of solid waste produced from filtering process containing many bioactive components and good for health. Nanoparticle technology can be used to produce nanoscale particles without separating the active compounds contained the rein. The aim of this study is to determine the potential of Arabica coffee grounds nanoparticles as active compounds to be used in pharmaceutical preparations. The research procedure was begun with collect the Arabica coffee grounds which was then processed into nanoparticles using the ball milling and ultrasonication technique. The nanoparticles were characterized using some techniques, namely particle size analysis using PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), phytochemical screening, total phenolics, pH, particle morphology using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and particle structure using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The results showed that Arabica coffee grounds nanoparticles has a particle size of 396.0 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.254, solubility of 70.680% and pH 5.33, the positive Arabica coffee grounds nanoparticles containing secondary metabolites of alkaloids, saponins and phenolics with total phenolics 1246.90 μgGAE/g. Morphology of Arabica coffee grounds nanoparticles was in irregular granules form with an asymmetrical size and has active functional groups such as OH, NH, CH alkane, C≡N, C=O carboxylic acid, -C=C-, CO, and CC. It can be concluded that Arabica coffee grounds nanoparticles were potentially can be used as active compounds in various pharmaceutical preparations.

This study aims to determine the workload of rice harvesters in different harvesting technologies and find ways to reduce the physical workload. The physical workload is shown by the magnitude of a worker's heart rate at work. The linear regression model is used to identify the independent variables that affect the workload dependent-variable. Heart rate and body temperature as the dependent variable are thought to be influenced by independent variables such as age, Body Mass Index, ambient temperature and humidity, and noise. Statistically the workload of workers in the manual harvest method is at the medium level, while the semi-mechanical and mechanical methods are at a low workload level. Factor that play a role in the physical workload of all harvesters is environmental temperature. To reduce the physical workload of manual workers by combining four alternative solutions, wearing red or blue clothes, using harvest tents, drink a lot, and using ergonomic tools.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

One of the well-provided fishery products in Indonesia are common carp (Cyprinuscarpio Linnaeus). The consumption rate of common carp is highly prevalent among the people; however, improper handling of fishery product could support food-borne disease transmission. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a herbal product used as an additional flavor in Batak traditional food; it has been postulated that the plant has antimicrobial properties. We conduct an experimental study using pretest-posttest design to determine the crude antimicrobial activity of Andaliman. Bacterial counting examination was determined after 24 hours incubation period in the microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. There is a descriptive decrease of bacterial colonies followed by the application of Andaliman based on total plate count test whereas the statistical analysis failed to show the significant difference. The use of Andaliman in daily life basis must be encouraged to reduce the likelihood of food-borne disease transmission.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Dragon blood is a red color resin exuded from the fruit of rattan species of Daemonorops sp. The plants are mainly found in the rain forest of South-Eastern Asia, particularly Sumatera and Malaysian Peninsula. The resin has been used since ancient times in the Chinese medicines as hemostatic, antidiarrhetic, antiulcer, antimicrobial, wound healing, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. It is used also as a coloring agent for ceramic industry. Besides its huge benefits, there is only little information about postharvest handling of Daemonorops' fruit. This study explained the effect of solvent type, fruit size, and traditional handling methods of Daemonorops' fruits in order to extract the highest amount of resin. The results showed that eluent strength had played a determining role during the resin extraction process; ranging from the strongest to the weakest was ethanol-chloroform-, and hexane, consecutively. Regarding fruit sizes, the smaller the fruits; the higher the amount of extracted resin was obtained. The relationship between fruit size and extractable resin was negative exponential. Among the three types of processing methods in terms of the yield of extracted resin, the direct extraction of fruits was more pronounced compared to the other two traditional handling methods, namely the dry and the wet ones. The results highlighted that better understanding on the postharvest handling; particularly improved of extraction method is a key in the production of dragon blood resin.

The main objective of this paper was to describe and to analyse the effects of improved agroforestry system through the use of biotechnology bokashi plus fertilizer on the yields of intercropped maize and peanut characteristics in order to maintain biological diversity in agriculture simile forestry ecosystem and to improve the agriculture production to meet human needs in Lambiku, Pentiro and Bonea villages, Napabalano District, Muna Regency. Biotechnology bokashi plus fertilizer produced by local farmers. Three locations as the demonstration plot at the farmers land was selected to search the growth and yields performances of intercropped maize and peanut under improved agroforestry system of early growth of teak trees treated by the application of various doses of bokashi plus fertilizer. Closed canopy resulted in improved agroforestry practice might contribute to prevent direct rain precipitation to soil and decrease soil erosion as well as to maintain biological diversity. The yields of maize and peanut were recorded and analysed using analyses of variances (ANOVA). The results showed that the higher doses of biotechnology bokashi plus fertilizer produce the higher yields of maize and peanut at one to two years of teak plantation trees, while the further age of teak trees, the suppress the growth and yields performances of maize and peanut if there was no pruning of teak branches and leaves occurred. This was indicated that improved agroforestry system through the arrangement of intercropped maize and peanut under early growth of teak trees might sustain agricultural crops production for maize and peanut yields.

Plants release allelopathy compounds that can inhibit the growth of other plants so that it has the potential as a vegetable herbicide. One of the allelopathy characters that can be used in determining the criteria as a basis for plant biocides is allelopathy that specifically inhibits the growth of target and non-target plants. The source of allelopathy used in this study was goat weed (A. conyzoides) using N-hexane on the growth of thorn spinach (A. spinosus). The research has been carried out at Weed Laboratory, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. Further analysis and test activities were carried out at the Laboratory of Agriculture and Food Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The first factor was the type of sub-fraction of weed extract consisting of 4 levels: control, sub-fraction A, sub-fraction B and sub-fraction C, and the second factor is the extract of goat weed consisting of 3 levels: 5%, 10% and 15%. The results showed that the use of various types of A. conyzoides extracts with various levels significantly affected the stem diameter; shoot dry weight and root dry weight of A. spinous on 7 DAT (days after treatment) up to 28 DAT. Sub-fraction types A and B can inhibit the growth of A. spinous.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

This study aims to determine the image parameters that can the chili quality and arrange the best Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) architecture in order to classify the quality into several groups. The image was taken and analyzed by means of image processing and ANN. Samples of chilies were divided into 2 groups, 75% for training data and 25% for network testing. The sample was placed in a black box and the image was captured using smartphone camera for both sides. The sample image was converted to binary to get the color value. Value color of image processing results using Matlab were used as input parameters for color group identification of ANN. Subsequently, color used as variable for classification using 'if then' logic. The results showed that the color elements of the image that could be the quality identity of chili were red, green, a*, and intensity. The ANN input layer that consisted of 4 input cells, 9 hidden layer cells, and 1 output layer cell could classify chilies into 4 color groups i.e.green, tinge of red, red and dark red with an accuracy of 90.43%.

The majority of coffee plantations in Indonesia is dominated by Robusta coffee. Some of them have a distinctive quality with a strong relation to their origin, in which the coffee has been cultivated. These are known as single-origin coffee. Most of the coffees are produced in the western part of the country. This study aimed to profile the chemical quality parameters of robusta single-origin coffee in the western part of Indonesia. Green coffee bean from various regions of the western part of the country, namely Empat Lawang, Menoreh, and Gunung Kelir, which were cultivated at various elevation ranges, were collected and analyzed in their chemical quality parameters such as caffeine, sucrose, total fat, and fatty acids. ANOVA was then performed on the collected data, and the results are discussed in this paper.

Based on Indonesia Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), palm oil industries are more likely to care about hazardous waste management rather than resource efficiency. It is very important to balance and achieve economic and ecological targets by identifying material and energy inefficiencies with significant economic impact. The application of standard and sustainable production also plays important role for oil palm companies which so far have more than 70% of biomass energy materials such as shells, powders, fibres, and dried empty bunches. This study used the production cost approach and material flow cost accounting to reduce material consumption and waste minimization. Identifying resource efficiencies were used to determine area for improvement. The results show that palm oil company more likely to manage total waste, hazardous waste, and raw materials consumed than material efficiencies. In terms of financial factors, cost ratio and profitability are likely to affect firm decisions regarding to manage the material flow for reducing hazardous waste ratio. This could support long-term business relationships which can be established and negotiated between the palm oil industry as organic waste supplier and the bioenergy producer, revealing economic and environmental benefits for both actors while contributing to the development of responsibility, effectiveness and sustainable (RES).

A series of study aimed to improve egg production, egg quality and immunity resulted by cross-breeding with Arab chickens and laying chickens has been observed on 400 chickens of 5-month old of hens was used and treatment was divided into 2 groups: medium and heavy type hens. Randomized Block Design was used and hens were fed on a laying diet contained 18% of crude protein content and 2900 kcal/kg of metabolism energy. Parameters observed were the number of daily eggs (hen/day), clutch, egg weight, egg shape, shell thickness, Haugh unit (HU) and the total percentage of egg production during one production cycle. Immunity was observed by thymus size and time of thymus regression. The results showed that daily and total egg production, clutch spacing, egg weight, egg shape, hemp thickness, Haugh unit (HU) of egg in both heavy and medium type were significantly higher than pure local chicken. However, all the parameters of egg production and egg quality on the type of weight were significantly higher than the light type. In terms of immunity, time of thymus regression on crossbreed hen type occurred at 14-16 weeks of age. It concluded that crossbreeding between local chicken increased egg production and egg quality on derivatives of local chicken. It was also informed that the immunity of derivatives of local chicken resulted by crossbreeding against endemic diseases was better than that of in natural breed chicken.

The purpose of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics of Simeulue buffalo in Simeulue district of Aceh Province, Indonesia, the reason is because the lack of morphological data of simeulue buffalo. This research used survey method in ten villages within Simeulue district, namely: Ujung Salang, Along, Panten Lawe, Mutiara, Padang Unoi, Karya Bakti, Tamon Jaya, Meunafa, Jaya Baru and Tameng. The material consisted of fifty Simeulue buffaloes aged 3-7 years (25 male and 25 female). Determination of buffalo samples is done by simple random sampling method. The collected data was analyzed using a frequency table, averaged, and standard deviations. The parameters observed were: (a) chest circumference; (b) shoulder heigth; (c) body length; (d) chest width; and (e) hip height. The results showed that the mean of chest circumference for female and male Simeulue buffalo was 173.08 ± 8.99 and 165.68 ± 0.14, shoulder heigth was 122.33 ± 0.33 and 118 ± 1.44, body length was 125.54 ± 0.96 and 120 ± 1.16, chest width was 37.32 ± 4.09 and 34.28 ± 2.34, hip height was 118.05 ± 1.40 and 114.32 ± 1.07, respectively. It can be conclude that the average body measurements of the Simeulue buffalo are classified as medium size both male and female. The body sizes of the male Simeulue buffalo are larger than those of the female Simeulue buffalo. The average body size of Simeulue buffalo is not much different from the body size of several types of buffalo outside Simeulue Island.

The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphism of the ScrFI locus of HSP70 and the association of genetic variant of HSP70 with milk yield and milk quality of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows in Indonesia. A total of 115 heads of HF lactating cows which come from different locations of lowland, medium, and highland. Genotyping of HSP70 genes was performed by nested PCR-RFLP method. The variant of HSP70 was polymorphism: 47 and 49 bp for homozygous wild type (CC) genotype and 47, 49 and 96 for heterozygous cytosine deletion mutant (C-) genotype. Dairy cows with CC genotypes were higher 4%FCM, protein, fat, milk total solid and lactose (P <0.05) compare to C-genotype. It could be concluded that dairy cows with CC genotypes produce higher 4% FCM and better milk quality than dairy cows with C-.

Indonesia is a tropical country that cultivates many types of herbs. Zingiberaceae commonly known as gingers family is an important herb in economic and ornamental plants as well as for traditional uses, this herb is famous for its medicinal value and distributed widely throughout the tropical regions. The research conducted in Banda Aceh province, Indonesia form June to July, 2019. The aim of research wasto identify the morphological and stomatal characteristics of Zingiberaceae that cultivated in Banda Aceh for plant taxonomy. The results obtained that in Banda Aceh mostly cultivated ZingiberofficinaleRosc., Curcuma domesticaVal., Alpiniagalanga L., and Etlingeraelatior L. The parasitic type of stomata showed in all mentioned species. The highest stomatal density on adaxial (AD) was found in Alpiniagalanga L. (228.82 mm⁻²), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (32.30 mm⁻²). The highest stomatal density on abaxial (AB) was found in Etlingeraelatior L. (1.768 mm⁻²), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (600.53 mm⁻²).

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami have significant implication to a destructive damage community fish farming in Aceh. The recovery has done during the rehabilitation and reconstruction process. This study aims to identify the degree of fishpond farmer's empowerment of post-tsunami and its contributing factors. The study employs quantitative and qualitative approaches through a questionnaire survey and interview with 51 respondents. Data analysis used descriptive analysis to measure empowerment degree and multiple linear regression analysis to identify determinant factors. The study finds that about half of the respondents are at a moderate level of empowerment degree, more than a quarter is at a high level, and the rest is low. Statistically shows that social network, motivation, innovativeness, resources availability, and characteristics of the economy have a positive correlation and significant to empowerment degree of the fishpond farmer. Meanwhile, information tools and extension mechanism are not significant. Therefore, the role of extension and initiatives are necessary to encourage and enhance the quality of empowerment by enabling and improving the capacity of the agent of change.

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of curry leaves powder as Enterobacteriaceae inhibitor on fresh meat. Fresh meat was obtained from Lambaro Traditional Market in Banda Aceh. Curry leaves powder was produced by heating at 50°C for 8 hours then ground through 3 mesh. The inhibitor test using agar diffusion method. Parameters observed were total plate count (TPC) and total of Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts in fresh meat. Completely Randomized Design Factorial with two factorials was used. The first factor was concentration of curry leaves powder (0%, 25% dan 50%). The second factor was duration of storage (0 day, 2 days, 4 days and 6 days). Data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's test. The result showed that addition of 25% and 50% curry leaves powder were able to inhibit E.coli. Addition of 50% curry leaves powder was effective to inhibit E.coli and Salmonella sp. The inhibition occurred in E.coli and Salmonella sp. proves that curry leaves contain active compounds acting as antibacterial.

The aim of this study was to find the optimal level of urea-zeolite supplementation in the substrate on rumen fermentation products and digestion in vitro. Testing the solubility level of urea-zeolite at a ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 2 in rumen fluid based on N-NH3 levels was carried out at the fermentation time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. Completely randomized design was used in this research with urea-zeolite supplementation treatment (0.2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of dry matter (DM) substrate). Substrate composed of corn sugarcane silage and concentrate with DM ratio was 70%: 30%. The variables measured were rumen fermentation products (pH, VFA, and N-NH3), DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility. The results showed that the solubility of urea-zeolite in rumen fluid at the same ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 2, the highest at 4 hours fermentation time of 40.81% and 39.13% and after 4 hours was stable. Urea-zeolite supplementation (ratio 1: 2) on the substrate has no effect (P> 0.01) on the pH of the liquid. N-NH3 fermentation products increased (P <0.01) linearly with increasing levels of urea-zeolite supplementation. The total VFA product and the degradation of dry matter were highly significant (P <0.01) influenced by urea-zeolite supplementation and were optimal at 6% and 4% DM substrate supplementation, respectively. DM and OM digestibility was highly significant (P <0.01) influenced by urea-zeolite supplementation and was optimal at the 6% BK substrate level. It was concluded that the use of urea-zeolite as a supplement in the substrate could increase fermentation products and digestibility in vitro

Research on the optimization of the quality and antimicrobial ability of yogurt using a combination of starters (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus) and dates puree with different levels has been carried out to determine the changes in the quality of yogurt in terms of lactic acid levels, protein content, syneresis and also looking for an antimicrobial ability which was measured based on of inhibition zone formed against the tested bacteria (E.coli and S aureus). A completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern was applied consisting of 2 factors, those are factor A which is the level of starter, a1 = 2.5 percent, a2 = 5 percent, and factor B which is the level of dates puree namely b0 = 0 percent, b1 = 10 percent, b2 = 20 percent and b3 = 30 percent. The results showed that the level of dates puree had a very significant effect on lactic acid levels but not so with the starter level. The combination of treatments (P <0.01) affects the protein content but there was no interaction between treatments. Furthermore, there is interaction between treatments and it decreases the syneresis value significantly. It can be concluded that the levels of lactic acid, protein and syneresis of yogurt still have the best quality obtained in the treatment of 5 percent starters and the addition of 20 percent of dates puree. On the other hand, it had a weaker antimicrobial ability

The study of the effect of feeding with the addition of activated charcoal on feed conversion ratio and survival of juvenile Giant Trevally (Caranxignobilis) was carried out in May to August 2018. This study consisted of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Feed is treated with the addition of activated charcoal of different types, namely coconut shell activated charcoal, mangrove wood activated charcoal, rice husk activated charcoal, and palm shell activated charcoal. Addition of activated charcoal in feed at each treatment as much as 2%. Feed was given twice a day in at-satiation for 42 days. The results showed that feeding with the addition of activated rice charcoal had a very good effect on feed conversion. There was no significant difference between the treatments of activated charcoal on the survival of the juvenile Giant Trevally. The survival rate was around 88.33% - 96.67%.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the effect of asset ownership on poverty in Pidie, Aceh. This research used two stage sampling. First, village elections conducted by purposive sampling, based on the topography of mountainous regions, coastal and lowland. The village Bunien represent the type of lowland areas, Meunasah Gong represents the type of coastal areas and village Peunalom 2 represents the type of mountain areas. Second, samples household selected by stratified sampling that is poor and not poor household. The analysis model using logit models. Household income, education, household size working and employment status household head, spacious houses and agricultural land are determinant of poverty and potentially reduce the level of poverty in the Pidie. While number of children, working in agriculture sector, labourer or landowner status, opportunity to increase the level of poverty. To reduce poverty, government must promote the agricultural sector, because many of the poor are farmers. In the long term, the government must give priority to the education and health sectors. Such as the exemption costs of education for poor students and free health services for the poor. The first section in your paper

The purpose of this study was to assist the use of organic fertilizer at farmer level. This study used Group Randomised Design factorial with 3 factors. The first factor is the long drying time (T) consisting of 3 (three) levels, namely 0 day (T1), 1 day (T2), and 2 days (T3). The second factor is the drying type (P) consisting of two levels, namely indoor (P1) and outdoor (P2). The third factor is the adhesive material (A) consisting of three levels, namely 0% (A1), 2.5% (A2), and 5% (A3). Samples were then analysed for Most Probable Number (MPN), pH, carbon test, nitrogen test, C/N ratio, and crop test. The results showed drying time (T) has a very noticeable effect on Most Probable Number, moisture content, pH, carbon element, nitrogen element, C/N ratio, and crop test. The type of drying (P) has a very noticeable effect on Most Probable Number and crop test. The adhesive material (A) has a very noticeable effect on Most Probable Number, pH, nitrogen element, C/N ratio, and crop test. The prolonged interaction of drying and drying type (TP) is very noticeable in the Most Probable Number, and crop test. Prolonged interaction of drying and drying type (PA) is very real impact and crop test, as well as a noticeable effect on the temperature of the bokashi. Long-drying interactions and drying type (TPA) have a noticeable effect on the growing bokashi test temperature. The best bokashi granule was produced in T2P1A1 sample.

One of the opportunities for utilization and optimization of the Arboretum land is by intensive cultivation of crops commodities to fulfil the needs of food, vegetables and other commodities. This study aims to analyse changes in soil nutrient status in four types of forest trees combined with agroforestry using soybean. Soil survey was carried out in area of USU Arboretum Kwala Bekala by soil sampling and then analyzed in the laboratory. Composite soil samples were taken from Jabon tree stands, (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.), Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis.), and Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) at a depth of 0-30 cm. This sampling was carried out twice, namely before planting and after harvesting of soybeans. The results of soil analysis were assessed based on the criteria of Soil Research Center. Parameters observed for soil sample were N total (Kjeldahl method), phosphate (Bray method), C organic (Walkey and Black), Potassium and Sodium (Flame photometer), Calcium and Magnesium (AAS). The data obtained were analysed using a paired t test at the level of α 0.05. Almost all of the values of soil chemical properties gradually increased, and significant differences in those chemical properties were found between two condition, before and after the growing of soybean in four type stand of woods. Generally, Agroforestry system in four main stands (Rubber, Gmelina, Mindi and Jabon) with soybean for period 1-year can improve soil chemical fertility through increasing pH, C organic, N total, P available, Potassium, Na and Ca.

This study aims to evaluate certain tubers of new sweet potato clones for their morphological characters of and yield under low input conditions in the middle highland. This study was conducted at Saree, Aceh Besar, the Province of Aceh (485 m ASL) from February to July 2015. The study used a Completely Randomized Block Design of non-factorial with 12 sweet potato clones consisting of nine clones passed by CIP-SEA Bogor, Indonesia (CIP-LSQ, CIP-1945, CIP-MAN, CIP-513, CIP-BDG, CIP-WHI-5, CIP-W86P, CIP-B9, and CIP-204), one national variety (Antin-1), and two local clones (Orange Saree and Purple Saree). The results showed that there were differences in the characters of 12 sweet potato clones in terms of their tuber shapes, skins and flesh colors. Sweet potato tuber shape being studied consisted of an oval, round and long. Tuber flesh color generally was white, cream, yellow, orange and purple. Meanwhile, CIP-1945, CIP-W86P, Local Orange Saree clones, and Antin-1 variety have orange tuber flesh. CIP-WHI5 clone has the highest number of tubers, while CIP-204 clone has the largest diameter and length of tubers, and the highest in tuber yield.

Lemea is a typical Rejang tribe's food made from chopped bamboo shoots and mixed with freshwater fish. Lemea block is a modification of the products so that it has a longer shelf life accompanied by proper packaging. The aim of this research is to obtain the effect of different types of packaging materials on the physical, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of lemea blocks during storage. The research method used is Completely Randomized Design of one factor, namely the different types of packaging materials (paper packaging, plastic bottles from PET and Polypropylene) which are then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Based on the results of this research, it was found that paper packaging type had significant effect on water content, pH, total plate number but no significant effect on color, aroma, texture and overall appearance. Types of PET and PP plastic bottles have no significant effect on water content, color, pH, total plate number, flavor, taste, texture and overall appearance of the lemea block during storage.

This study aims to determine the interaction of mycorrhizal doses and varieties on the growth and yield of chili plants in Andisol soil. This research was conducted in Blang Kucak Village, Wih Pesam District, Bener Meriah Regency, Green House and Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala Darussalam University, Banda Aceh from January to May 2019. Analysis of the data used in this study was Randomized Block Design, with 3 x 2 factorial pattern with 3 replications. There are 2 series in this experiment namely Series A and Series B, series A is used for data collection of growth and yield of chili plants, while series B is used for data collection of mycorrhizal colonization. The factors observed in this study were mixed mycorrhizal bio-fertilizers and varieties. The dose of mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer used was control (without mycorrhizal), 5 g plant⁻¹ and 10 g plant⁻¹ and the varieties used were varieties of PM-999 and Perintis. The results showed a very significant interaction between mycorrhizal doses and varieties on the parameters of the number of productive branches, besides that there were significant interactions on plant height at 45 DAP, fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits and yield potential (tons ha⁻¹). The best combination was found in the treatment of doses of 10 g mycorrhizal plants⁻¹ and Perintis varieties.

The research, potential of mushrooms as food alternatives to obtain information about mushrooms species which potentially as food and their nutritional content found in the forest park of pocut meurah intan, Aceh Besar. The research used an exploratory survey method by exploring a lot of mushrooms on each track in the region for collecting mushrooms sample and several physical factors. The nutritional analysis was carried out using Kjeldahl for protein, Luff Schoorl for carbohydrate, soxhlet for fat and gravimetric for fiber, ash and moisture content. Fifteen species of mushrooms were identied as alternative food, but only ve species had been examined for nutrition analysis tests, including Lentinus polychrous, Lentinus sajor-caju, Ischnoderma resinosum, Marasmiellus ramealis, and Thelephora ganbanjun. L. polychrous was contained the highest rate of proteins (6.12%), carbohydrates (10.27%), bers (4.73%) and fat (1.26%). M. ramealis contained the highest moisture content (89.01). The highest ash content (1.63%) was in T. ganbanjun. These ve species of mushrooms were potentially alternative food because they contained a good level of nutritional content and can be used as a cultivation commodity that can improve the economic level of society.

Shrimp pond is one of the main livelihoods of coastal communities in Aceh Jaya. However, its productivity is classified as very low. This study aims to (1) analyze the factors that influence shrimp pond production in Aceh Jaya, (2) analyze the allocative efficiency of input use in shrimp ponds, and (3) analyze the area of land under the break-even point condition of shrimp ponds the. The method used in this study is a survey method. Sampling was done by a multistage random sampling technique with a sample of 40 farmers. Data were analyzed using the Cob-Douglass production function model, Marginal Production Value and Marginal Costs, and the break-even point. The results showed that the pond area, number of shrimp seed, labor and fertilizer had a significant effect on tiger shrimp production. Variable land area and the number of seed are negatively correlated shrimp production, therefore both variables must be reduced because it is inefficient, while other variables are positively correlated with tiger shrimp production and are not efficient yet. In the future, to increase tiger shrimp production in the study area can be done by increasing the inputs that exist in the model except, land and shrimp feed. The cultivation of tiger prawns in the study area is quite profitable, the break event point production volume is 352.48 kg and the area of land is 0.37 hectares.

Research on the use of various fruits (lychees, strawberries, oranges, and grapes) to add nutritional value in kefir was conducted to 28 toddlers in early childhood age 4-5 years old. The study was carried out at Catering Laboratory FKIP Unsyiah, Dairy Science Production Technology and Laboratory and Al-Azhar Kindergarten Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The parameters observed in the first 3 months were to obtain a good kefir product. Data collection techniques used were sensory evaluation (observation test) conducted on 5 panelist and acceptance test (hedonic scale) by 28 toddlers as consumer panelists. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study based on observational tests by panelist noted that grape flavored kefir (M18) had the following characteristics: color 24.75, aroma 24.25, texture 24.5 and taste 24.25. The results of analysis on consumer acceptance showed that the preferred goat milk kefir was the orange flavored (M16) having an average value of 23.5 in color, 23.25 in aroma, 24 in texture, and 23 in taste. Consistency of fruit flavored kefir product was assessed. Also, based on the syneresis test, the kefir was popular in public especially at early childhood consumers.

This study aims to obtain information about the induction of local Aceh red chili genotype resistance by using rhizobacteria isolates against the disease caused by F. oxysporum. This research was conducted from March to September 2018. The design used was a completely randomized design with factorial pattern. The experiment consisted of two factors, the first was red chili genotype, namely the genotype Odeng, Lamando Lapaben, Super Amando 002 and "Lanyoe" SS, and the second factor was rhizobacterial isolate, namely HWI 5 (4) and HWI 8 (6) with a comparison of control treatment. The results showed that the Lanyoe genotype had the highest dichotomous height of 24.44 cm. The combination of the best treatment on the disease incidence parameters, and the number of fruits per plant was found in the combination of the Super Lamando genotype with HWI rizobacteria 8 (6) with each value of 1, 00%, and 24.7. The best fruit weights per plant was found in the combination of the Lamando Lapaben genotype with HWI rhizobacteria 5 (4) the average value of fruit weight per plant was 12.33 g.

Agricultural vision Indonesia on 2045 is to become world food producers. In status, there has been reduction of paddy field at Aceh province caused by land use changes, furthermore, the reliable solution is optimizing a dry land use, locally estimated reach up to 200.000 ha. Several institutions have been developing dry land of paddy varieties (padi gogo), which suitable planted in dry land and rainfed area. The objectives of this research were to obtain rice character and rice grains shape which suites on Acehnese preference. Location of rice planting was at Tangse sub district, Pidie district, Aceh province, the varieties including Inpago 8, 9, 11, Unsoed, Limboto and Tuwoti. To find out the sensory characteristic of the rice, hedonic test was performed with the number of panelist were 31 (half-classified). In this research, we observed parameters were taste, aroma, color, and texture as well as rice grains shape. The analyzing of the data used kruskal-wallis test. Result of the study shows that the main parameters was significant different (asymp sig.000), on dry land paddy (padi gogo). Overall, the panelist more tends likes the Limboto variety.

The aim of these activities was to provide input/recommendations to policymakers about the issues and problems of agricultural development from the study of technology adoption on integrated crop management (ICM) of rice. The event was held from March - November 2015 in four districts namely Pidie, Aceh Utara, Aceh Barat, and Aceh Barat Daya. The activities implemented through field studies with respondents are farmers who received the SLICM program (purposive sampling). Each district was selected one district and each district will be selected two villages. In-depth interview respondents as much as 10-20 farmers per village. Respondents were selected randomly from members of rice SLICM. Data collected consists of primary data and secondary data and processed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that the level of technology adoption on integrated crop management (ICM) of rice in Pidie, Aceh Utara, Aceh Barat, and Aceh Barat Daya districts is not influenced by the characteristics of the respondent, such as; age, education, and experience of farmers in cropping rice. Technology adoption on integrated crop management (ICM) of rice is still limited to the use of the technology components of new varieties and seed labeled. The various components of the basic technology and the integrated crop management selection of paddy rice, which have not adopted by respondents include intermittent irrigation, organic fertilizer utilization, weeding with grok. While legowo cropping system is still limited. The adoption rate on integrated crop management (ICM) of rice is influenced by several factors, among others: the implemented technology is easy, uncomplicated. The technology is also cheap but in accordance with the conditions of society and new technologies can provide more benefit to them (increased yield).

Bener Meriah district is one of the arabica coffee producing regions in Indonesia with an average production of 700-800 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Most of arabica coffee in this area are grown in Andisol. This study aims to determine the P status of Andisol, namely P-available, P-total, P-retention, P content of arabica coffee leaves and the correlation between soil P-available and P content of arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah district. This research was conducted using survey methods. The observed parameters were made on Andisol planted with arabica coffee which is located at an altitude of 1,200-1,400 m above mean sea level (AMSL) at slopes 0-3, 3-8, 8-15, 15-30, and >30% respectively. The results showed that Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-available ranging from 0.3 to 12.81 ppm (very low-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) had P-available at very low and low levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-total ranging from 159.4 to 1,246.7 ppm (low-very-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) have P-total at moderate, high and very high levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-retention ranging from 85.2 to 87.4%. Arabica coffee leaves have P content levels ranging from 0.10% to 0.23%. Most of the arabica coffee leaves (78.57%) were observed have P content at a minimum level.; there is a close relationship between soil P-available with P content of arabica coffee leaves with a value of r = 0.97.

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was obtained through the oxidation reaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pulp and 4-acetamido- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) followed by ultrasonication. The aim of this study the effects of temperature on the silylation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) using OPEFB-NCC and 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APS). The reaction temperatures use in the silylation process were 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C. FTIR of the distinctive peaks resulting from the silylation process at 810 cm⁻¹, broad peaks at 1028-1157 cm⁻¹ and at 2928 cm⁻¹ were used as the basis for investigating the influence of temperature on the silylation reaction. In addition, a visual examination of the final product was also carried out. Based on the FTIR analyses and aided by visual assessment, it can be deduced that a medium temperature of 80^°C is the optimum silylation reaction temperature.

This study examines the relationship of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station Gunung Leuser National Park. This is based on the study of morphological diversity of vegetative organs which was carried out in July 2015 to June 2016 (one year). Quadrat sampling technique and purposive sampling technique methods were employed in this research and the data was analyzed using R2.10.0 program. Morphology identification and preservation of samples were done at Acehnese Herbarium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University. The results showed that there were five Dipterocarpaceae species in Ketambe Research Station which are Hopea dryobalanoides, Shorea parvifolia, Shorea lepidota, Shorea johorensis, and Parashorea lucida. These five species were grouped into three clusters, the first clusters consisted of Hopea dryobalanoides, the second cluster consisted of Parashorea lucida, and the third cluster consisted of Shorea johorensis, Shorea parvifolia, and Shorea lepidota. The closest relationship was Shorea parvifolia and Shorea lepidota with a distance of 3.464102. The furthest relationship was Hopea dryobalanoides and Parashorea lucida with a distance of 6.633250.

'Dragon blood' (Daemonorops sp.) is widely known as one of the indigenous Non-Forest Timber Products (NFTP) with high economical value in the deep forests of Indonesian and Malaysian Peninsula. The name referred to red resinous exudations from four distinct plant species that are endemic to various eco-geographical regions. It has been highly valued in Chinese traditional medicines or painting industries since the 14^th century. Its resin is strongly related with active bio-compound with strong curing activities for stomach ulcers or intestines' related cancer. However, jernang's number of population in its natural habitats has been decreasing over the past three decades as a result of unsustainable harvesting. Thus, this has dramatically reduced its population and lower genetic diversity. Another challenge is that the period of seed germination is relatively long; namely up to 12 weeks as the seeds are usually covered with thick coat. Thus, immersion in water is prerequisite in order to support the germination. The best performance was shown with 1*24 h water imbibed seeds with GA₃ (W = 2 mg l⁻¹). For in-vitro, various organs from 3-4 months old of young seedlings were employed as explants. However, current mixture of media did not promote an accelerated growth of explants. Therefore, applying another mixture of growth hormone is highly recommended in order to deliver better experimental result. This paper can be concluded as a basic pioneer in ex-situ conservation of 'jernang'.

The study aimed to improve the quality of fermented virgin coconut oil (FVCO) under microwave heating. The FVCO was collected from a local farmer in Aceh Besar District. A microwave oven at frequency of 2,450MHz and power of 800Wwas used to heat 40ml FVCO in a ceramic bowl by the variation heating time i.e. 40, 50, and 60s. The parameters observed were temperature, moisture content, free fatty acid (FFA), and peroxide value. Results showed that the quality of FVCO did not meet the quality standards such as Codex Alimentarius, Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC), and the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). However, the study found that the microwave heating time had influenced the FVCO temperature significantly where the final temperature had reached 71-87°C. However, there were no significant influences of microwave heating time to the moisture, FFA, and peroxide value of FVCO. It could be caused by the short time used in this experiment; therefore, it is suggested to extend the heating time for further study.

Automatic sprinklers using a soil moisture sensor is formed based on microcontroller technology. The hard- and software system were designed to adapt the greenhouse prototype. The sensors were calibrated by comparing the value with the standard instruments. Observations were conducted on the kale seedsand it monitored for seven days. Based on the observation result, the sensorsable tomeasure temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil moisture in the greenhouse. The automatic sprinkle pumped the water according to the values of soil moisture sensor. The values of those sensors have been delivered to webserver and android application. Moreover, the system is able to grow the kale plant in the greenhouseprototypevery well.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industry due to their anti-microbial properties. Despite of its beneficial, they may potentially affect the activity of beneficial soil microorganisms. Trichoderma harzianum was used in this to investigate the effect of AgNPs on beneficial soil fungi. Colony diameter and spore production of T. harzianum were observed in the presence of three levels of AgNPs (200, 600, 1000 mg L⁻¹) in growth media. The results showed that the application of AgNPs at high levels reduced colony diameter and spore production of the tested fungi. The findings indicate that AgNPs have the potential to damage beneficial soil fungi.

This study was aimed at determining the effect of gibberellin concentration and the interval of Natural Nusantara (NASA) liquid organic fertilizer, as well as their interactions to influence growth and yield of shallots. This study was conducted from April to July 2019 in Experimental Field and Horticulture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with a Factorial pattern of 4x3. Gibberellin concentrations were observed at 4 levels (control, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) and the interval of NASA liquid organic fertilizer was observed at 3 levels (controlled, every 7, and 14 days DAP). The results showed that the highest shallot plant was found of 14 DAP, and the largest number of bulbs was found at 100 ppm of gibberellins concentration. The highest of fresh biomass per clump and the largest bulb diameter were found at 150 ppm gibberellins concentration. The growth and yield of the highest shallots were found at the interval of control treatment of NASA liquid organic fertilizer. The highest number of bulbs was found in the combination of gibberellins control with the interval of NASA liquid organic fertilizer every 14 days.

The use of BAP and coconut water can support the process of forming potato micro tubers in vitro. The research was conducted at the laboratory of tissue culture, Trial Garden of Vegetable Research Center, Berastagi, North Sumatera. This study used a completely randomized 5×4 factorial design. The first factor was BAP concentration at five levels of concentration, i.e 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 mg/L and the second factor was coconut water concentration at four levels of concentration, i.e 0; 75; 150 and 225 mL/L. The results showed that the best potato explant growth was found at a combination of 0 mg/L of BAP and 0 mg/L of coconut water. The time of potato micro tubers and the fastest number of potato micro tubers were found in the treatment combination of 5 mg/L BAP concentration and 75 mL/L coconut water of coconut water.

This study was aimed to determine the growth, production, and nutrient content of Cichorium intybus planted in different planting densities and fertilization levels in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was arranged on factorial randomized design (3 x 3) with two factors: level of fertilization (0, 45, and 60 kg/ha) and planting density (2, 3, and 4 g of seeds/m²); with 6 replications – aggregating 54 plots. Chicory seeds were spread on 1 x 1.5 m² plots with 20 cm of bedding height and 30 cm of distance between plots. NPK fertilizer was given when plants reached 15 days old. Plants were harvested at day-50 by cutting them 10 cm above the soil surface. The observation was performed on these following variables: growth (plant height, plant length, and leaf width), production (dry and organic matter production), and nutrient value (crude protein, dry and organic matter contents). All data were statistically evaluated using of the SPSS computer program. Significant treatments were subjected to Duncan's new multiple range test (DMRT). The study shows that plants which received the greatest amount of fertilizer had the highest growth, production, and nutrient value (P-value <0.05). Higher planting density compensated the plant height, leaf width, number of leaves, dry and organic matter contents (P-value <0.05). However, it escalated the dry and organic matter production (P-value <0.05). The plant that received 60 kg/ha of fertilizer and planted in 3 g/m² density demonstrated the most improved yield.

Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that associated with plant tissues without causing any disease. Endophytic bacteria able to produce enzymes that act as nematicide against root knot disease in celery plants caused by Meloidogyne spp. Bamboo roots were isolated, obtain 26 isolate by screening of mortality test, and founded 14 isolates were potential as biological control agents with 100 percentage. Furthermore, 14 endophytic bacterial that has been isolates were detected their protease enzyme activity and 9 isolates were shown the protease enzyme as qualitatively result. Aplication of endophyte bacteria on Celery seedling detected that the treatment of bacteria (AB12) had the lowest number of gall, the lowest number of nematode populations in gall compared to other isolates. This result indicates the AB12 isolate similar characterize from genus Pseudomonas spp. have good potential as a biological control agent for Meloidogyne spp. in celery plants. Some endophytic bacteria in other treatments did not affect the inhibition of nematodes while were able to increase plant growth such as plant height, number of stems and higher root length (AB03 isolate).

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of combine organic fertilizer (manure) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK and Micro fertilizer) on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.). This study was conducted in the Experimental station, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh from February to April2018. This experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the provision of organic fertilizer (manure) with 3 levels: 10 t ha⁻¹(K₁), 20 t ha⁻¹ (K₂), and 30 t ha⁻¹ (K₃). The second factor was the provision of inorganic NPK fertilizer with 3 treatments: Without NPK fertilizer (control - N₀), NPK Fertilizer(N 50 kg ha⁻¹ P₂O₅ 50 kg ha⁻¹ and K₂O 50 kg ha⁻¹ (280 kg ha⁻¹Phonska 16-16-16 - N₁), and NPK + Micro Fertilizer (N 50 kg ha⁻¹ P₂O₅ 50 kg ha⁻¹ and K₂O 50 kg ha⁻¹ (280 kg ha⁻¹Phonska 16-16-16 + 2% Micro fertilizer – N₂)). Results show that organic fertilizers (20 and 30 ton ha⁻¹) increase fruit weight of each sample and fruit weight of each plant. The application of NPK + Micro Fertilizer produces in the best fruit weight of each sample and fruit weight of each plant. The combination of organic fertilizer (20 ton ha⁻¹) and inorganic NPK + Micro Fertilizer results in the best fruit weight each plant of cucumber.

This study aims to determine the value added of export Arabica coffee and the efficiency of export Arabica coffee marketing at Oro Coffee Gayo in Aceh Tengah Regency. Determination of the location of this study determined intentionally (purposive). The analytical method used in this research is the value-added analysis method of the Hayami model and the marketing efficiency analysis method. The analysis shows the value added of export Arabica coffee green bean grade 1 (special) on Oro Coffee Gayo is moderate, and green bean grade 2 (premium) is also moderate. Based on the value of marketing efficiency of green bean grade 1 and green bean grade 2 Oro Coffee Gayo marketing is assessed as efficient which is equal to (EP 0-50% efficient marketing).

The aim of this research was to determine important parameters based on farmers' perceptions and the selection of the best alternative varieties for the development of upland rice in East Aceh. Data collected includes secondary data and primary data. Primary data collection is done by using questionnaire data in gathering information on farmers' perceptions. Whereas the alternative selection combines elements of farmers' perceptions and field observations of several varieties. The analytical method was carried out using observations in the field and processing data descriptively. The varieties used in the field study were Inpago 8, Inpago 9, Inpago 10, Inpago 11 and Situ Patenggang. The results of the study address important parameters in the cultivation of upland rice based on the results of the questionnaire with farmers are the age of fast harvesting plants and the average production with a very important category, then the weight of 1000 seeds in grams and the potential yield with important categories, then the productive tillers of each stem, the amount grain of each panicle (seeds) and tall plants in the Medium category. The choice of the best alternative varieties in East Aceh Regency based on the results of farmers' perceptions and field studies were found in Inpago 9 varieties.

The Aceh demand for layer egg supply from Sumatera Utara will affect the total demand and price of Sumatera Utara's egg in Aceh. This article aims to analyze the factors influencing the demand and price of layer egg from Sumatera Utara in Aceh Province. The analysis method used in this research is simultaneous regression by Two-Stage Least Square data processing and STATA program. The type of data is secondary data in the form of time series from 2013-2017. The result from the research shows that the variable that has a positive influence on the egg demand in Aceh is the egg price in Sumatera Utara and the total population of Aceh. The variation of layer egg demand in Sumatera Utara can be explained by the variation of egg price in Sumatera Utara, egg price in Aceh, the total population of Aceh, and the number of food industries in Aceh by 62.3%. The variable that has a positive influence on the egg price in Sumatera Utara is egg demand in Aceh. The variation of layer egg price in Sumatera Utara can be explained by the variation of Sumatera Utara's egg demand in Aceh, egg supply in Sumatera Utara, and egg demand in Aceh by 87.8%.

A study was done to evaluate the characteristic of sweet potato sourdough bread made by pineapple juice. The bread was formulated using different variation of ratio of pineapple juice to starter as follows; 4:1, 3:2, and 2:3 and sweet potatoes differ in their flesh colour. Starter development was also daily observed for 10 days. The proximate composition of bread analysed were 5.60% protein, 1.63% crude fat, 44,19% moisture and 1,51% ash. The total available carbohydrate was 45, 91%. The breads pH and crude fibre were 3.73 and 1,15% Bread physical characteristic were also conducted in order to ensure the bread quality such porosity and loaf volume bread. The sourdough bread prepared by liquid starter from pineapple juice and white sweet potato with a ratio of 4:1 met the best performance.

This study was aimed to determine the effect of shading levels and chilli variety and the interaction between both factors to the growth and yield of chili plant. This study was designed usingRandomized Completely Design including 2 factors, namely shading and varieties. The shading factor consisted of 3 level namely non-shading, 25% shading and 50% shading, and the varieties of chili factors consisted of 3 level namely Perintis, Kopay and Bemeri. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, number of primary and secondary branches, number of fruit per plant, length of fruit per plant, fruit weight each fuit, fruit weight per plant and potential yield. The result showed that the best growth and yield of chili was found on non-shading compared to the 25% and 50% shading treatment. The best variety of chili treatment was found in the Kopay which gave the best growth and yield compared to Perintis and Bemeri. The best combination treatment was found on non-shading treatment and Bemeri variety which showes the best result of growth and yield.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Coffee is one of the most famous commodities in the world. There are two types of coffee planted in Central Aceh District, namely Arabica coffee andRobusta coffee. Robusta has a bitter taste and weaker aroma, while Arabica coffee has a slightly sour taste and strong aroma. Farmer in the area often mixsRobusta and Arabica coffee to produce a coffee blend that provide a better taste. However, the composition used in the blend is not known, so that there is no reference to make coffee blend withthe best quality. Beside blending, roasting also become one of the main factor influencingthe coffee's flavour. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of roasting degree and blend composition of Arabicaand Robusta coffee on its sensory quality. This research uses Randomized Block Design (RBD) Factorial with 2 factors. The first factor is the Arabica composition (P) with four levels, P1 = 0% Arabica, P2 = 10% Arabica, P3 = 20% and P4 = 30% Arabica. The second factor is the roasting degree (T) with three levels, ie T1 = light roasting, T2 = medium roasting and T3 = dark roasting. Results show that the coffee roasting degree has a very significant effect on pH and organoleptic and has no significant effect on total soluble solids of the coffee brew. As Arabica coffeepercentage was increased, the acidity of the coffee blend was also increases. Coffee blend with 20%Arabica with medium degree of roasting produces the highest total cup score and provides the best taste.

Peda is one of Indonesian traditional salt fermented whole fish products. Diverse method of making peda resulted in varying quality of the fermented peda. This study aimed to evaluate the descriptive sensory acceptability of sardine peda during storage as affected by various ways of adding salt in the fermentation of peda, and chitosan addition. Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 factors and 2 replications was used. The first factor was the pretreatment, i.e. time of salt addition (P) which consists of P0 = salt was added directly to the fish, P1 = salt was added after soaking fish in water for 6 hours, and P2 = salt was added after leaving fish at room temperature for 6 hours. The second factor was addition of chitosan (K), consists of K1 = no chitosan added, and K2 = 2% chitosan. The third factor was peda storage period at room temperature (S), consists of S1 = 0 months, S2 = 2 months, and S3 = 4 months. The sensory attributes i.e. color, aroma, and taste of the resulted peda was monitored by trained panelist using descriptive sensory test with 5 scale. The results show that P1 treatment with a storage period of up to 2 months (S2) produced the best aroma and taste with the highest descriptive value of 4.3 (= strong) and a relatively high color value of 3.7 (= neutral to bright). The next best treatment was P0 and finally P2. The addition of chitosan did not notably affect the color value, but caused a lower taste value, and a higher aroma value. All peda treatments generally still have neutral color, aroma, and taste (= 3) up to a storage time of 4 months.

Fish spoilage can be prevented by processing, such as to process them into surimi. Surimi is utilized as a base material for manufacturing various kinds of processed products including shrimp analog. Shrimp analog can be used as an alternative food for those who are allergic to seafood, especially shrimp. This research studied the processing of surimi made into shrimp analog that has characteristics resembling natural shrimp. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of shrimp analog made from surimi of some fish species and tapioca with different concentrations. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) factorial consisting of two factors. The first factor was surimi of various fish species (I) which were I₁ = trigger fish, I₂ = sardines, I₃ = tilapia, and I₄ = snakehead fish. The second factor was theconcentration of tapioca (T) comprised T₁ = 6% and T₂ = 8%. The shrimp analog samples then were analysed their water content, protein content, fat content, hedonic sensory test on color, aroma, texture and taste. The best treatment was obtained from shrimp analogmade of tilapia surimi with tapioca concentration of 8% (I₃T₂) which had water content of 51,97%, protein content of 15,17%, fat content of 0,45%, hedonic sensory value (scale 1-5) color of 3,69 (neutral-like), aroma of 2,77 (not like-neutral), texture of 3,31 (neutral), and taste of 3,37 (neutral)

Sago (Metroxylon sp) is a native plant to southeast Asia, and is one a food commodities that contain a lot of carbohydrated. Therefore, sago is used as a staple food for several regions in Indonesia such as Maluku and Irian Jaya. In the sago community, there is very little use of sago, even though sago can be used as raw material for making various products such as noodles, cakes, cookies, crackers and brownies. The study aimed to determine the effect of substitutions of sago starch and corn starch on the chemical properties of brownies. This study used factorial Completely Randomized Design which consisted of two factors. The first factor was the percentage of sago starch (S), which consisted of 3 levels, namely S1 = 50%, S2 = 75%, and S3 = 100%. The second factor was the concentration of corn starch (T) which consisted of 2 levels, namely T1 = 15% and T2 = 20%. The parameters observed werewater content, ash content, fiber content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content. The best treatment for chemical test is on the T2S2 treatment with the results of water content of 23.62%, ash content 2.14%, fiber content 3.46%, fat content of 23.95%, protein content of 3.36%, and carbohydrates 50.15%.

Effect of rumen modifier (RM) with clove or fennel essential oilon nutrient digestibility was studied in in vitro batch fermentation. RMs were mix with feed materialto meet concentration of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μl/l of medium. Feed consist of forage, wheat pollard and rice bran (60:20:20DM based). In vitro gas production technique was used with Ongole grade cattle as rumen microbe donor. Fermentation was done at 39°C. Residuals feed were collected after 24 hours of incubationfor nutrient content analysis as data for calculation of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD) and crude fibre (CPD) digestibility. RMs reduced DMD and OMD (P<0.01) start at clove RM of 25 μl/l whereas fennel RM at 50 μl/l. Range of DMD and OMD value were 30.17 to 43.55% and 35.53 to 47.98% respectively. CPD reduced byclove RM(P<0.05) otherwise did not affected by fennel RM. CPDdecreased at clove RM 50 μl/l and gradually decline with increasing of RM. RM increased CFD (P<0.01), but at 100 μl/l CFD was not significant differentfrom control. In conclusion, fennel essential oil have lesser negative effect on nutrient digestibility as RM at doses 25 to 50 μl/l.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

In vitro fermentation methodology was used in this research to explore the effect of mix essential oil (MEO) of eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) and pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese), in ratio 3:1, on feed digestibility and parameter of ruminal feed fermentation. Mix essential oil was added and mix with feed particle to meet the end concentration of 100 μl/L of fermentation media. Incubation was done at 39°C for 24 h. Upon finished the incubation, gas produced were sampled for methane analysis. Residual feed was collected by filtration and then ben analysed the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) content for calculation of DM and OM digestibility. Meanwhile filtrate also collected for determination of pH, ammonia, protozoa number and microbial protein synthesis. Data analysis showed MEO addition did not affect pH, ammonia concentration, DM and OM digestibility. Addition of MEO reduced methane production 24.62% (P<0.05), and increased microbial protein synthesis (P<0.05) from 133.89 mg/L to 189.66. Otherwise, protozoa number in MEO treatment was lower compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, mix essential oil of eucalyptus and pine essential oil up to level 100μl/L could be used as feed additive to improve the fermentation of feed in the rumen.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performances and carcass characteristics of male New Zealand White rabbits, offered complete feed pellets containing different levels of leucaena leaf meal (LLM). Twenty rabbits (2.0-2.5 months old, 600-1000 g of weight) were divided into four groups, and fed pelleted diets containing 0% LLM (P0), 5% LLM (P1), 10% LLM (P2) and 15% LLM (P3). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks. The crude proteins (CP) of the diets were 17.7-18.1% and energy ranged 2,277-2,542 kcal/kg. The feed ingredient of the pellets consisted of corn, pollard, Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, molasses, soybean meal, LLM, copra cake, tapioca flour, and premix. Feed was offered twice daily and water given ad libitum. After 10 weeks they were slaughtered and slaughter weight (SW), carcass and non-carcass percentage, and meat bone ratio (MBR) were determined. Data were analyzed based on a completely randomized design. The SW (2.23 ± 0.24 kg), carcass percentage (48.01 ± 5.41%), non-carcass percentage (51.99 ± 5.41%), and MBR (2.74 ± 0.53) were highest (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 10% LLM compared to those fed the other diets. It was concluded that inclusion of LLM at 10% level resulted in the highest slaughter weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass percentage and meat bone ration compared to the other treatments. Inclusion level higher than 10% resulted in a reduction in these parameters but not significantly different from that of the controls.

This research aimed to evaluate physical and chemical quality of rabbit feed complete pellet with different level of leucaena leaf meal (LLM) replacing the soybean meal. Four formulas of complete pellet with different level of LLM were tested (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). The crude proteins of the diets were 17.7-18.1% and energy of the diets was 2,277-2,542 kcal/kg. The feed ingredients of the pellets consisted of corn, pollard, Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, molasses, soybean meal, LLM, copra cake, tapioca flour, and premix. The data measured were physical quality (hardness and durability), and chemical quality (dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, extract ether, and ash). Data were analyzed based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that crude fiber and hardness of pellet were significant (P<0.01) between the treatments. The pellets with 15% LLM results highest of crude fiber and highest of pellet hardness. It is concluded that LLM can partially replace soyabean meal even at 15% without reducing the physical and chemical quality of the pellets.