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Dr. dr. Radiyati Umi Partan, SpPD-KR, M.Kes

The Chairman of SICMS 2018

Dear Distinguished Guests and Participants,

We cordially welcome you to the 1^st Sriwijaya International Conference on Medical Sciences in Palembang, South Sumatra. This conference is organized by the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya; Ikatan Dokter Indonesia; and Publication Management and Services, Universitas Sriwijaya.

I would like to present some information related to this conference. The conference's theme is "New Challenges and Research Innovation in Medical Sciences for Better Life". The goals of the conference are to provide a better insight into medical sciences and to offer interaction, discussion and possible collaboration among researchers in the future.

This conference consists of 2 keynotes speakers from the USA and Indonesia, 4 plenary lecturers from Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Indonesia, and 93 selected paper which will be delivered as oral presentations. Of the selected articles 70 will be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (SCOPUS indexed proceeding).

We are sincerely grateful to welcome all honourable keynote speakers, plenary lecturers, invited speakers and participants for sharing their knowledge in this conference. We believe SICMS 2018 will be a memorable event for all participants because of its outstanding gathering. I really hope that within this event, it may encourage many young scientists from diverse fields to discuss the impact on advancing the future through various life science research.

Once again, welcome to SICMS 2018! I wish you have a pleasant and wonderful stay in Palembang, and looking forward to see you in the next SICMS conference. Thank you very much.

Sincerely yours,

Dr. Radiyati Umi Partan, SpPD-KR, M.Kes

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Pain management in post transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy is a key to early recovery. Different types of regional anesthesia techniques have been applied for managing post-operative pain. However, the results are still not satisfactory. This study aims to compare effectiveness of ultrasound-guided bilateral Quadratus Lumborum (QL) block with continuous epidural analgesia in improving post transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy analgesia and motoric mobility. This is a randomized controlled trial that included 26 healthy living kidney donor patients. All subjects were randomized to receive preoperatively bilateral QL block (n=13) or continuous epidural analgesia (n=13). Subjects in QL group received 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.25% bilaterally and subjects in epidural group received continuous bupivacaine 0.125% infusion 6 mL/hour. Numerical rating scale (NRS), Bromage score, and duration of urinary catheterization were recorded. The results presented no significant differences in NRS scores at rest and movement, and Bromage score between QL block group and epidural block group in at 2,6,12,24 hours after surgery. The QL block group received significantly lower total dose of bupivacaine (p<0.001) and duration of urinary catheterization was significantly shorter (p=0.001) compared to epidural group. This study found that QL block produced similar postoperative NRS and Bromage score with fewer dose of bupivacaine and shorter duration of urinary catheterization compared with continuous epidural analgesia within 24 hours.

Mortality in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis considerably high. Previous study showed that mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis was strongly correlated with chronic inflammation. The current study examined whether the serum c-reative protein concentration (hsCRP) changed from pre- to post-dialysis. In addition, the current study also investigated the correlation between dialysis age and hsCRP in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study was a case-series study of 30 patients with hemodialysis. The patients were devided into three group based on dialysis age. Hemodialysis had been undergone for 4 hours, using hemoflow F8HPS, polysulfone synthetic dialysis membrane, and bicarbonate dialysis fluid. The primary outcome was serum concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which was assessed in the pre-and-post dialysis, measured using chemiluminescent method. Dialysis does increased the hsCRP post-dialysis. It resulted in significant (p<0.05) increment of serum hsCRP concentration, pre-dialysis 1.04±0.90 mg/L compared to post-dialysis mean value 1.84±2.01 mg/dL. There was no significant difference among serum hsCRP concentration mean value among group of dialysis age. The correlations between various measurement of serum hsCRP concentration and dialysis age were statistically insignificant.

Intradialytic hypertension and hypotension are both independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic hemodialysis. Prior studies investigate the role of endothelial dysfunction in the mechanism of adverse intradialytic blood pressure changes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a marker for endothelial dysfunction, concentration changes pre-to-post-dialysis with both intradialytic hypertension and intradialytic hypotension. The study was a case-control study of 36 patients with chronic hemodialysis (12 patients in each group for intradialytic hypertension, intradialytic hypotension, and stable blood pressure). Intradialytic blood pressure changes were defined as increased or decreased systolic blood pressure pre-to-post-dialysis ≥10 mmHg in ≥4/6 consecutive HD sessions. Dialysis resulted in significant reduction of the plasma ADMA concentration pre-to-post dialysis in each group (0.26±0.15µmol/L, p=0.00 in patients with intradialytic hypertension; 0.18±0.15µmol/L, p=0.01 in patients with intradialytic hypotension; 0.17±0.09µmol/L, p=0.00 in patients with stable blood pressure). The reduction of plasma ADMA concentration in patients with intradialytic hypertension was significantly different compared to control group (p=0.02), albeit the insignificant difference in patients with intradialytic hypotension (p=0.78). Plasma ADMA concentration changes pre-to-post dialysis was considered as an insignificant risk factor (OR=1.96, 95%CI [0.38-9.93, p=0.41]) for intradialytic hypertension.

Carbapenemase enzymes play the most important role in the existence of CRE (Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae). VIM is one of the carbapenemase enzymes encoded by the bla_VIM gene. The genes which are partially located in genetic mobile elements may facilitate the spread of the resistance to other bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the bla_VIM gene in CRE isolated from infected patients in dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. This descriptive observational laboratory study using 709 samples of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various specimens of infected patients at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang during the September-November period which would be identified as CRE using Vitek 2 Compact. 21 isolates which have been identified by CRE was taken by purposive sampling method to detect bla_VIM gene with conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was electrophoresed and visualized to see a single 390bp DNA band. Out of 709 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 88 (12.4%) isolates were identified as CRE. Only 21 isolates of CRE performed PCR. Three (14.3%) isolates carrying the blaVIM gene which found in Enterobacter sp. (N=2; 66.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1; 33.3%). In this study 14.3%, Enterobacteriaceae with CRE phenotype has bla_VIM gene genotype.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all uterine diseases. Ovarian cancer is affected by exogenous and endogenous estrogen factors. Beta estrogen receptors are predominant estrogen receptors in the normal ovary. Polymorphisms in the beta estrogen receptor gene (ERβ) can affect the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer through regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of beta estrogen receptor gene polymorphism (ERβ) with epithelial ovarian cancer incidence. Method: a case-control study, there were 60 samples. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the beta estrogen receptor (RsaI/rs1256049) is selected. Genotyping using PCR-RFLP. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, considered significant if the p-value is less than 0.05. Results: there is no significant difference in the characteristics of respondents. Genotypic frequency in the case group was 56.7% GG, 43.3% GA/AA and control group was 23.2% GG, 76.7% GA/AA. The frequency of alleles in the case group was 78.3% G, 21.7% A and control which was 50% G, 50% A allele. ERβ polymorphism is associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (p 0.018). Allele A in RsaI was associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (p 0.002). Polymorphism of the beta estrogen receptor gene associated with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Cogon grass is traditional medicine empirically used in nephritis, fever, hypertension, dyspnea, epitaxy, as a hepatoprotector agent, and has function to lower cholesterol and blood glucose. The compound of cogon grass is potentially served as an herbs medicine. But, the effect on haematology profile is still well unknown. We demonstrated the effect of cogon grass ethanol extract in mice model diabetic induced with STZ. Eight weeks old of male balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with STZ dose 130 mg/Kg BW. Seven days later, after DM confirmed, mice were given ethanol extract of cogon grass with dose 90 mg/KGBW (treatment group 1) and dose 115 mg/Kg BW (treatment group 2). After 14 days of extract gavage, haematology profile were estimated using the direct current detection method. We found there is no anemia occur in diabetic mice. But, the platelet and WBCs, were tend to increase in diabetic control group and treatment group 1, in contrast in treatment group 2 was tend to decrease. In conclusion, we suggested that the extract ethanol of cogon grass suppress the leukocyte and platelet count. It has potentially effect as anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet on diabetic mice.

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and flexibility are essential biomotoric components for football athletes. The influence of genetics on the biomotoric element has not been widely studied. The ACTN3 gene probably affects VO2 max and flexibility. This study aims to determine the relationship between ACTN3 gene polymorphism to VO2 max and flexibility in students of UKM Olahraga Jenderal Soedirman University. This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. Seventy-eight subjects chosen by consecutive sampling underwent the protocol study. Venous blood samples were taken for ACTN3 gene polymorphism examination. The respondents were also tested for VO2 max with the multi-stage fitness test and flexibility tests using sit and reach method. Data were analyzed by a one way ANOVA test with a significance level of p=0.05.The results of this study showed that there was no significant relationship between ACTN3 gene polymorphism with VO2 max (p=0.763) and flexibility (p=0.912). The highest mean VO2 max was in the RR genotype (35.25±7.15 ml/kg.min), while the highest mean of flexibility was in the XX genotype (37.02±7.89 cm). There was no relationship between ACTN3 gene polymorphism with VO2 max and flexibility, in students of Jenderal Soedirman University.

Background, the greatest risk factor for Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is neuropathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene is a gene encodes a protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which has a function of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. VEGF plays a role in neuropathy, angiopathy and wound healing in DFU. Methods: Case-control study, case is types 2 DM with DFU and control is type 2 DM without DFU, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment length polymorphism was done to find genotype polymorphism of VEGF gene. Results: Genotype GG VEGF + 405C> G does not have a significant association with DFU in DM patients (GG + CG / CC; OR; 0.52, 95% CI; 0.15 to 1.73 p; 0.289). G allele is proposed as a protective factor in DFU (OR; 0.86, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.28, and p; 0.456). Genotype TT from VEGF gene -460 C> T; have no significant association with DFU (TT + CT / CC; OR; 0.97, 95% CI; 0.41 to 2.26 and p; 0.942). T allele is predicted as protective factor in DFU (OR; 0.90, 95% CI; 0.59 to 1.37 and p; 0,641). Conclusion: G alleles and T alleles are predicted as a protective factor in DM patients associated with DFU.

Demineralization is the process of removing calcium and phosphate ions from hydroxyapatite crystals in hard tissues of the teeth. The lost calcium and phosphate ions can be replaced by application of a remineralization agent ie hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from natural ingredients such as fish bones. In this study was to determine the effect of hydroxyapatite from bone waste of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) on hardness of enamel surface. Thirty-two premolar teeth were mounted on self cured acrylic resin and were divided into 4 groups and demineralized. Enamel hardness (pre-test) was measured by Vickers Hardness Tester and followed by a process of remineralization using a hydroxyapatite paste (HA) that synthesized from the tilapia bone by precipitation method. The paste was applied to group A (5% HA), B (10% HA), C (15% HA) then was immersed in artificial saliva while group D (control) was only immersed in artificial saliva. The surface hardness of enamel was measured again (posttest) after 7 days of treatment. The surface hardness of enamel for group A (424,19±14,50); B (456,58±9,82); C (482,64±9,90); D (418,44±8,23). Statistical tests showed that there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group except group A. Application of hydroxyapatite paste from bone waste of the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) could increase the surface hardness of the enamel.

Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis are the most common types of bacteria found in root canal failure. Various ways are done to eliminate such pathogens, one of them by adding various solvents to increase the antibacterial activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of various calcium hydroxide solvents against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine 2%, glycerin, povidone-iodine 2% and distilled water (control group) as calcium hydroxide solvents were tested in vitro. Zone of inhibition of solvents was observed. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown by adding glycerin solvent to calcium hydroxide. This activity was due to its ability in increasing alkaline activity of calcium hydroxide. Hence, glycerin solvent of calcium hydroxide can be used to increase antibacterial activity against root canal microbes.

Canalicular stenosis caused by inflammatory processes in the mucosa of canalicular causing thickening of the squamous epithelium, subsequently parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelium. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sodium hyaluronate compared with steroid eye drop against the degree of canalicular stenosis in breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel chemotherapeutic agents. This study was a clinical trial with the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 80 sample during the period August-October 2017. Bivariate analyzes used chi-square and McNemar test, and multivariate analysis used logistic regression with the backward method. A total of 20 samples with moderate degree stenosis became mild degree and 36 samples with mild degree stenosis became not stenosis after treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops. A total of 16 samples with moderate degree stenosis became mild degree and 36 samples with mild degree stenosis became not stenosis after treated with steroid eye drops. McNemar test showed a significant difference in the degree of stenosis after treated with sodium hyaluronate (p=0.039) and steroid eye drops (p=0.000), but chi-square test showed no significant difference in the degree of stenosis between sodium hyaluronate and steroid (p=0.302). Multivariate analysis showed that age, duration of administration and dose of docetaxel effects in canalicular stenosis. Administration of sodium hyaluronate and steroid eye drops can improve the degree of canalicular stenosis.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) in breast cancer are the source of cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis. The existence of CSC is a benchmark for success in strategies for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Cell surface markers known as cluster of differentiation (CD) 24 are expressed in breast cancer. CD44 is a cell surface protein composed of glycoproteins, high enough to be expressed in breast cancer. Sample taken with technique proportional random sampling. The population of this study is a specimen that has been diagnosed molecular subtype as a breast cancer from January 2015 arrived October 2017, consist of 44 sample, 11 luminal A samples, 11 luminal B samples, 11 HER2 samples and 11 triple negative samples. CD24 expression was found most negative (81.8%) and CD44 expression found the most positive at 84.1%. Expression CD24 correlation with molecular subtype found that the results of the chi-square test found a correlation between expression CD24 and molecular subtype (p-value = 0.036). There correlation expression CD24 molecular subtype but there were no correlation CD24 with limfovaskular invasion, grading, and Ki67. There no correlation expression CD44 with limfovaskular invasion, grading, molecular subtype and Ki67.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a liver cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of hepatocytes. Many factors relate to the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma whether it is internal or external factors. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of HCC South Region of Central Java, Indonesia. The study design used a case-control approach using the population of HCC patients from Margono Soekarjo Banyumas Hospital as a referring hospital in a Southern part of Central Java. Samples were considered as total sampling criteria using patient's database from the hospital. Statistical analysis was Chi-square and Fisher test. The study found that the age and hepatitis B infection have an association with the prevalence of HCC. Individuals infected with hepatitis B were at higher risk of HCC, compared with individuals not infected with hepatitis B. Younger age was a protective factor against HCC. As a conclusion, there was a significant relationship between age and hepatitis B infection with HCC.

This study was conducted to determine the EEG changes in intracranial tumor patients with symptoms of seizures and the correspondence between the location of tumor by the location of the EEG abnormality. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using primary and secondary data. Samples were collected consecutively over a period of 1 year. Of the 35 samples, abnormal EEG in patients with primary intracranial tumors obtained 68,2%, whereas in metastatic intracranial tumors obtained in 84,6%. From the abnormal EEG, in primary intracranial tumors description focal slowing in 60.0%, epileptic activity 20.0%, accompanied focal epileptic activity and focal slowing in 13.3%. Whereas in patients with intracranial tumor metastasis overview the form of a focal slowing in 36.4%,epileptic activity in 18.2%, and deceleration focal epileptiform activity accompanied by 45.5%. Presence of the EEG abnormality locations in tumor area 23.1%, non-tumor area by 38.5%, tumor and non-tumor area area by 38.5%. In this study, most patients have an abnormal EEG which more common in the form of a focal slowing compared epileptic activity, and some abnormalities are located in non-tumor areas. This indicates that the seizures that occur may be more due to irritation lesions than for the formation of epileptic focus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical and autoantibodies expression. Immune senescence is mostly affect the adaptive immune system, characterized by decrease of naïve T cells and increase of memory T cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between percentage of memory helper T lymphocytes (CD4CD45RO+Th), memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CD8CD45RO+Tc) and IFN-γ serum levels in patients with SLE. Subjects were 61 female SLE patients, 16 -56 years old, from Rheumatology Clinic Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang (SLICC classification criteria, 2012). Severity of disease activity were assessed using MEXSLEDAI score, percentage of memory Th cells, memory Tc cells were examined using flow cytometry and IFN-γ serum level were measured by ELISA. The percentages of memory (CD4+CD45RO+) Th cells, memory (CD8+CD45RO+) Tc cells and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in SLE patients with SLEDAI score > 5 compared with those having SLEDAI score <5 (p = 0.000; p = 0.000; p = 0.032). There were a positive correlation between percentages of memory (CD4+CD45RO+) Th cells (p = 0.003, r = 0.453) and memory (CD8+CD45RO+) Tc cell (p = 0.045, r = 0.284) with IFN-γ serum level. The percentage of memory T cells had a positive association with IFN-γ serum level.

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains the important health problems because the frequency of isolate MRSA tends to increase in the world. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test and detection of MecA gene using PCR were used in MRSA identification. FemB gen is used for spesies SA confirmation. FemB encodes enzyme in cross-linking peptidoglycan in SA. This research aimed to identified MRSA from clinical samples of hospitalized patients in Jambi city using cefoxitin disc diffusion test and dupleks PCR. This research has been conducted in Biomedic Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Jambi University during periode June – November 2017. Swab of 76 festering wounds were grown on Mannitol Salt Agar medium which incubate at 30ºC 18–24 h. The Yellowish colony confirmed with gram staining and tested using Staphytect plus Test DR 850 M. Identified of MRSA using cefoxitin disc diffusion test and dupleks PCR. This research reported cefoxitin-RSA was detected in 41,67% of SA, MecA gene was detected in 45,83% of SA. MecA gene was detected in 100% of cefoxitin-RSA and 7,14% of cefoxitin-SSA. FemB gene was detected in 8,33% of cefoxitin-RSA, and 64,28% of cefoxitin-SSA. Detection of MecA and FemB genes by PCR for identification of MRSA is sensitif and fast.

Brain degeneration due to oxidative stress will have an impact on cognitive function decline. Aerobic exercise and calorie restriction are equally believed to increase the ability of cells to inhibit the effects of oxidative stress in the brain. Mitochondria are very susceptible to damage due to oxidative stress. Survival ability of mitochondria can be seen by measuring the levels of the PGC-1α protein, which regulates the transcription of mitochondrial biogenesis in brain tissue. A study has been conducted to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and calorie restriction for 8 weeks on PGC-1α levels of brain tissue of mice and their spatial memory. A total of 24 male mice, aged 6 weeks, were divided into 4 groups: control, aerobic exercise (AE), calorie restriction (CR), and a combination of AE + CR. The exercise was done by running in running wheels, every day for 40 minutes at a speed of 10 m / min. Calorie restriction was done by feeding mice as much as 70% of the calories of food consumed by ad libitum. The CR group had a PGC-1a levels and spatial memory higher than the control. The AE group and the combination of AE + CR had PGC-1a levels and spatial memory higher than the CR group, and both groups have no differences. Physical exercise accompanied with calorie restriction or only physical exercise have better effects on brain's PGC-1a and spatial memory compared with only caloric restriction.

Mining process causes contamination of Aluminium in drinking water consumed by Bangka Island residents. The study was conducted to identify the influence of high aluminium water consumption on serum aluminium level, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum ferritin, blood haemoglobin (Hb), and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Men aged 26-45 years old were allocated into two groups. The first group was subjects who have consumed well water for at least 5 years. Aluminium levels in well water were sampled from seven wells and the average levels were higher than threshold. The control group was subjects who have consumed tap water for at least 5 years. The average level of aluminium in the tap water from seven houses was still within the normal limit. Serum aluminium levels of men who consumed high aluminium containing water were significantly higher than control group. Men who consumed high aluminium water had significantly lower levels of BDNF and ferritin, and were also associated with lower Hb levels. Both groups had no difference in UACR and were still within normal limits. High aluminium water consumption may have an impact to decrease the indicators of cognitive and blood functions, but has no effect on renal functions.

Chronic otitis media (COM) is still highly prevalent in developing countries and often become main cause of deafness and morbid complication. Appropriate management may decrease the morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of the study are to evaluate preoperative and intraoperative finding among COM patients. A descriptive study was conducted at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from April 2015 to April 2018. A secondary data was taken from medical records. A total of 252 patients were included in this study with the highest incidence was at 21-30 years old group (29,36 %) with male predominance. The most frequent preoperative assessment were total perforation of tympanic membrane in 104 patients (41.26 %), moderately severe mixed hearing loss in 61 patients (24,2%), and mastoiditis with cholesteatoma in computed tomography (CT) finding in 158 patients (62,69 %). In intraoperative finding, there were 202 patients (80,15%) with cholesteatoma whereas 103 patients (40,87 %) with granulation tissue. Ossicular chain destruction were found in 141 patients (55,95 %). Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy (CWD) were performed in 190 patients (75,39 %). The prevalence of COM with cholesteatoma at Mohammad Hoesin hospital is still high. Operative management using CWD technique is preferred in cases of COM with cholesteatoma.

Honey has peroxide hydrogen and flavonoid as an anti-bacterial activity. Streptococcus viridans is known as a normal flora in the mouth cavity furthermore it can become a pathogen. Several Streptococcus viridans make an important role in forming a caries teeth. The objective of this study is to determine a comparative the inhibition power of wild honey 50% with chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% against the growth of Streptococci viridans bacteria. This research is an experimental posttest only with control group design. Streptococcus viridian was taken from the Regional Health Laboratory. The groups are wild honey 50%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, and aquadest. The study was conducted at the Laboratory Health Center of North Sumatra Province. Antibacterial activity of wild honey 50% against Streptococcus viridans in vitro shows that honey has antibacterial inhibitory power. Mann Whitney test results for each wild honey 50% group with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% group obtained a significant P value of 0.007 (α <0.05). Wild honey 50% group with negative aquadest control group obtained a significant p-value of 0.000 (α <0.05). Wild honey 50% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus viridans, though still has a significant difference (p <0.05) compared to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%.

Intracranial artery stenosis is the most frequent cause of ischemic stroke. Yet there is no recommendation for population-based screening with the goal of primary stroke prevention strategies. Framingham risk score D'Agostino's modification has been shown as highly accurate screening to assess the risk of intracranial artery stenosis that lead to stroke. The aims of study to determine the correlation between Framingham risk score and degree of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis among stroke prone person. In the study, 32 patients were included. Intracranial stenosis was assessed by transcranial Doppler (TCD). Stenosis defined if the mean flow velocity (MFV) value was abnormal. Artery stenosis was most common in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) (34.4%). After multiple linear regression analysis was done, only MFV of right carotid siphon artery (CSA) (p = 0.060; r = - 0.493), MFV of left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) (p = 0.073; r = 0.332), MFV of left MCA (p = 0.065; r = 0.341), had significant correlation. The conclusion appears that the stroke risk score has moderate correlation with the degree of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis, especially with MFV of right CSA, left ACA and left MCA.

Skin tags may be associated with increased adipose deposition. Mechanism of skin tags formation is through the activation of leptin receptor in the dermis and epidermis. Recent study suggested that the presence of skin tags is associated with obesity, abnormal lipid profile and elevated serum leptin levels. Researcher are interested to analyse the correlation betwen serum lipid profile and leptin levels of patients with skin tags. This is a cross sectional study, conducted from October 2017 to February 2018 at Tumor and Dermatosurgery Divison-Dermatology and Venereology Department outpatient clinic in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. Sample study was obtained with consecutive sampling. There were 40 patients with skin tags that met the inclusion criteria included in the study. Serum lipid profile and serum leptin were measured. Statistic significant correlation between triglycerides and leptin levels was found (p=0.04; r=0.327), however there was no significant correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, HDL cholesterol with leptin levels (p=0.273; r=0.177, p=0.288; r=0.172, p=0.794; r=0.043). Triglyceride levels was found to have significant correlation with leptin levels.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may present with anemia of chronic disease (ACD), iron-deficiency anemia, or both (mixed anemia). Common hematologic parameters may not distinguish type of anemia in CKD. Hepcidin is a new variable considered to guide management of anemia in CKD. This study aimed to determine type of anemia in children with CKD, and determine the level of hepcidin in those patients and its relationship with degree of CKD, hemoglobin, and ferritin. This was a cross sectional study in 2-18 years non-dialyzed children with CKD. Subjects were divided into group I (CKD stage 1-2) and group II (CKD stage 3-5). Each group consisted of 29 subjects. Anemia occurred in 34 of 58 subjects, 24 were ACD and 10 were mixed anemia. Median of hepcidin levels in group II were significantly higher than group I (33.4 vs 12.5 ng/mL). Hepcidin has positive correlation with ferritin. ROC analysis showed that hepcidin level of >18 ng/mL may predict ACD. Ferritin level of >99.7 ng/dL can predict hepcidin >18ng/mL (sensitivity 74.2% and specificity 70.4%). This study concluded that ACD is the most type of anemia in CKD besides mixed anemia.

Tuberculosis is one of the top ten death's causes in the world and even cause more deaths than HIV in 2015. In the same years, there are 10.4 million new TB case incidences with case notification rate is 142/100,000 population globally. Monocytes and lymphocytes play an important role in the body's defense mechanism against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis can induce increased monocytes and decreased lymphocytes. The ratio of Monocytes to lymphocytes is expected to be used as predictors of tuberculosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes accuracy as tuberculosis predictor. This diagnostic study was done at dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. Samples of this study had been taken from medical records which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The sample of the study was 101 tuberculosis subjects. Most of the subjects were men (70,3%) and were 36-45 years old group (25,7%). The cut-off value of 0,476 allowed the discrimination of tuberculosis with positive bacterial culture from negative bacterial culture, with a sensitivity of 95,1% and a specificity of 70%. Therefore, we concluded that the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes can be considered as an early predictor marker of tuberculosis.

Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO) are organisms (bacteria) that are resistant to at least one antimicrobial of ≥3 antimicrobial classes. MDRO transmission most recorded in General intensive care unit (|GICU), which is also the high risk units of nosocomial infection. A total of 549 from 611 samples (89.8%) was identified as MDRO in 2015 and as many as 490 of the 552 samples (88.7%) in 2016. The most gram-negative bacteria in 2015 and 2016 were Acinetobacter baumannii (33% vs 30.4%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24% vs 29.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11% vs 13.2%). In 2015, gram-positive bacteria had the highest level of resistance to antibiotics norfloxacin and ceftazidime, while in 2016 gram-positive bacteria had the high levels of resistance to antibiotics cotrimoxazole and ceftazidime. Gram-negative bacteria in 2015 had resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin, cefazolin, and tigecycline, whereas, in 2016, Gram-negative bacteria had resistance to the antibiotic imipenem, cefazolin, and tigecycline. The incidence of MDRO in 2016 decreased compared to 2015. In 2015 and 2016, a bacterial infection of GICU patient more often caused by gram-negative bacteria.

High-grade non-Hodgkin's B cells lymphomas (NHLs) are malignant tumours of the lymphoid system. MYC protein was known correlated with poor prognosis. In addition to promoting cell-cycle progression, MYC plays an important role activation of an alternative pathway of a tumour associated macrophage (TAM). We further determined if MYC protein expression correlated with the high density of TAM. This was a cross-sectional study of 47 specimens of high-grade non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas. Their immunophenotype was re-evaluated, and stratified into DLBCL and others non-Hodgkin lymphomas. All samples were immunostained with MYC and CD163 antibodies. The expression of MYC and CD163 were scored according to the previous study. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 22. MYC positive expression was detected in 72,3% of patients. Its found mostly in male patient, age ≤60, and Ki67 >70%. Average density of TAMs was 7,29. An average density of TAM in MYC positive lymphomas was higher rather than MYC negative lymphomas. MYC may facilitate the high density of TAM and contribute to worst prognosis in younger male patient and Ki67 >70%, of high-grade B cell lymphomas.

Preeclampsia community guidline (PRECOG) defined preeclampsia as a condition which was identified by the diastol blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and proteinuria in ≥ 20 weeks of pregnant. Basic mechanism of preeclampsia was endothelial dysfunction. One of preeclampsia's impacts was intra uterine fetal death. It could be signed by less number of foetus. One of ways to prevent preeclampsia's process was mild regular exercise. This research's goal was analyzing the effect of mild regular exercise to number of foetus in pregnant Mus musculus which was injected by anti QA2 as endothelial dysfunction animal model to induce preeclampsia. The design was experimental. It used 6 Mus musculus/group. The groups were control (normal pregnant/K1), pregnant Mus musculus which was injected by anti QA2 (endithelial dysfunction model/K2), pregnant Mus musculus which was injected by anti QA2 and given mild regular exercise since early pregnant (K3), and pregnant Mus musculus which was injected by anti QA2 and given mild regular exercise since 1 week before pregnant (K4). Statistical analyze used Kruskal Wallis Test (α=0,05). It showed there was no significant different of foetus' number among all groups. The conclussion was there was no effect of mild regular exercise to number of foetus in pregnant Mus musculus which was injected by anti QA2 as endothelial dysfunction animal model to induce preeclampsia.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease characterized by intensely pruritic, chronic, and recurrent vesicles on extensor surfaces such as the elbows, knees, and buttocks. There is a genotype relationship with HLA-DR3, HLA DQw2, discovered about 80-90% of cases. Immunoflorescence is the gold standard for diagnosis, but serologic testing can help if immunofluorescence result is negative. On histopathological examination, at the tips of papillary dermis, a collection of neutrophils are found and granular immunoglobulins A. Dermatitis herpetiformis associated with gluten intolerance (celiac disease), although the mechanism is not fully understood. Patients with gluten free diet will reduce of this disease both in the skin and intestinal tract, thereby reducing risk of lymphoma progression. Dapsone is the main therapy, but it require monitoring side effects.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is often associated with malnutrition. Nutritional status in VSD is affected by inadequate energy intake or increase energy requirement. The objective of this study to assess the association between size and type of VSD and nutritional status. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Data were collected from medical record and statistical analysis Chi square. All of 401 VSD patients were 68.1% perimembranous outlet, 25.7% doubly committed subarterial, 2.7% perimembranous outlet extension to inlet, 2.5% muscular and 1% inlet. The size of VSD were 133 (33.2%) small, 219 (54.6%) moderate, 49 (12.2%) large. There were 43 (10.7%) severely underweight, 278 (69.3%) underweight, 80 (20%) well nourished; 41 (10.2%) stunting, 360 (72%) normal height; 18 (4.5%) severely wasting, 242(60.3%) wasting and 141 (35.2%) well-nourished based on WAZ, HAZ and WHZ measurement respectively. There were a significant association between size of VSD and underweight (OR 18.147; 95% CI 9.47 to 34.76; p=0.00) and wasting (OR 25.09; 95% CI 14.55 to 43.26; p=0.00). There was a significant association between type of VSD and stunting (p=0.02). Our conclusion that significant association between size, underweight and wasting, also between type and stunting.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a primary diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. A higher accuracy of heart diseases needs an automatic classification for intelligent interpretation of cardiac arrhythmia. The classification process consists of following stages: detection of QRS complex in ECG signal, feature extraction from detected QRS using R-R interval, segmentation of rhythms using extracted feature set, learning system by using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The performance is analyzed as a rhythm of arrhythmia classifier and MIT-BIH arrhythmia database uses to validate the method. To benchmark, the performance of DNNs algorithm is compared to, MLP and SVM algorithm in terms of accuracy. The result obtained show that the proposed method provides good accuracy about 97.7 % with less expert interaction.

Endometriosis is a common, benign, oestrogen-dependent, chronic gynaecological disorder associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Increasing of P2X3 receptors induced sensitization of pain in endometriosis patients. Epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation could lead to alteration of gene expression. The aim of this study was to analyse DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene promoter in peritoneal endometriotic tissue from 9 patients compared to endometrial tissue from 9 without endometriosis women as control. The DNA from samples was isolated and with sodium bisulfite converted. We used Methyl Specific PCR (MSP) method to amplify the DNA and then running MSP product in gel electrophoresis. The band intensity of samples were measured by ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was significant correlation between pain and endometriosis (p=0.000). DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene promoter among peritoneal endometriotic tissue in women endometriosis and endometrial tissue woman without endometriosis were 100% unmethylated and there was no significant differences (p=0.287), although density of band unmethylated peritoneum endometriosis group was higher than control group. This study was suggesting that DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene promoter might be a potential biomarker to early diagnostic of endometriosis without invasive procedure in endometriosis patienst especially with pain symptoms.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is due to the functional impairment Treg cell that is as important as controlling the activation of T cells and inhibit the autoimmune response. Vitamin D3 is known to have an effect on increasing the quantity of Treg cells in the peripheral blood circulation and also functional so that it can suppress T cell activation. This study used a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 20 patients MG during the period from April to July 2017. The bivariate analysis using independent t-test and paired T-test. Multivariate analysis using linear regression. The mean change MGCS after vitamin D3 treatment group and placebo were not statistically significant (p = 0531). On the addition of vitamin D3 MGCS 1:19 ± 0.1 (p = 0798). There is a significant change (p = 0.041) in the mean levels of vitamin D after treatment between vitamin D3 and placebo groups. A significant increase (p = 0.005) vitamin D levels after administration of vitamin D3 in the amount of 17.88 ± 29.5 Ng/ml. Multivariate analysis showed that the initial MGCS and IMT values that most influence on the final MGCS value, and levels of vitamin D beginning the most influence on the final vitamin D levels. Vitamin D3 is 800 IU / day had no effect on the value of MGCS but the effect on changes in levels of vitamin D in the blood.

Ovarian carcinoma is the common cause of most death cases in female genital malignancy. Ovarian carcinoma is considered as one of the carcinomas that can evoke immune responses. One of the immune responses is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of a tumor (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes). This study aims to determine the association of density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma. This study was a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken based on five main histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma from January 1, 2015, until December 31, 2017, comprising 50 cases. All preparations were stained with CD8 monoclonal antibody. The density of intratumoral and stromal TILs was subsequently evaluated on histopathologic preparations and immunohistochemical examination. The association between the density of TILs, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma was evaluated using Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney test. The density of TILs and intratumoral CD8+ TILs were associated with histopathologic subtypes, especially high-grade serous carcinoma that had a different density value compared to other histopathologic subtypes. In addition, the density of TIL and intratumoral CD8+ TIL had a meaningful association with histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic disease that caused the most complications and even death. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is the most widely recognized. It is closely related with the incidence of insulin resistance. This research is an in vivo experimental study with post-test control group design located in laboratory of animal house and biomolecular laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia. The subjects of this study were albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, divided into 5 groups are negative control, positive control (TZD), Leaf Salam Extract (LSE) 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW. Rat was injected by Human Insulin (ip) 1,8 IU/kgBW and orally glucose for 14 days. In this study it was found that there was no distinction in blood sugar levels in the positive control group with LSE 200 mg/kgBW, LSE 100 mg/kgBW and LSE 50 mg/kgBW and there were no difference in insulin levels in the positive control group with LSE 200 mg/kgBW and LSE 100 mg/kgBW and LSE 50 mg/kgBW. So, it can be concluded that LSE (Syzygium polyanthum) was effective in lowering blood sugar and insulin levels of Wistar albino rat induced diabetes mellitus.

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an important regulator of bone metabolism. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene at position 308 have been identified. We investigated whether these polymorphisms and circulating TNF-a levels were related to BMD in osteoporosis caused by COPD. We conducted this study to analyse the relationship between genetic polymorphism of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a -308 G/A and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, bone turnover marker levels, and the incidence of osteoporosis in COPD patients. This study was conducted on 70 COPD patients. BMD and bone area of the femoral neck and lumbar spines were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Stratos ®). Blood cytokines (TNF-a, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-1b) and Ctelopeptide (CTX), receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analysed using ELISA. Polymorphism of the TNF-α gene -308 G/A was assayed by PCR-RFLP. The levels of cytokines were significantly increased in the osteoporosis group compared to those without. Polymorphism was significantly different between COPD with osteoporosis and COPD without. The frequency of the GA and AA genotypes was significantly increased in patients with osteoporosis. To conclude, there is a relationship between the TNF-a -308 G/A polymorphism and high levels of TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, CTX, and the incidence of osteoporosis in patients with COPD.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which usually affects multiple organ systems. Its patients are prone to hypovitaminosis D along with its complications such as osteoporosis. The improvement of vitamin D status in SLE patients is associated with better immune modulation, proinflammatory cytokine suppression, calcium absorption improvement, as well as better severity and lower osteoclastogenesis. This double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Allergology-Immunology Polyclinic in the Internal Medicine Department of Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, over the period April 2017 – February 2018. Samples were given either seluang (Rasbora agrotyenia) fish oil or placebo for 12 weeks. On the start and the end of the study, vitamin D levels were examined. 32 patients, all female, were divided evenly into the two groups. On the end of the study, the seluang oil group had significant vitamin D increase compared to placebo (p = 0.000). We concluded that the administration of seluang fish oil was able to increase vitamin D levels in SLE patients.

Emotional stress, such as seen in preanesthetic anxiety, often occurs in parents and children who will undergo surgery and anesthesia. Preanesthetic anxiety is a subjective feeling associated with increased autonomic nervous system activity. Preanesthetic anxiety experienced by parents can be passed onto their children and have a negative impact on a child such as the occurrence of post anesthesia behaviour disorders. In Indonesia, data about preanesthetic maternal anxiety is still unavailable. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of preanesthetic maternal anxiety and the contributing factors. After obtaining ethical approval from Health Research Ethics Committee of FKUI-RSCM, 144 mothers of children aged 0 – 12 years at preoperative clinic Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who were scheduled to undergo anesthesia, were interviewed using an anxiety disorders interview guide MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) ICD-10. The anxiety scores were assessed using the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Results were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 70 mothers (48,6%) had anxiety disorders with VAS score ranging between 3- 8 mm. Preanesthetic maternal anxiety is influenced by the child's age (p = 0.001), history of previous anesthesia on the child (p = 0.004), and number of children (p = 0.041). Mothers with infants are 7.9 times more likely to experience higher anxiety (adjusted OR = 7.982), but because of the wide range of confidence interval (95% CI = 2.599 to 24.512) other factors may also influence the preanesthetic maternal anxiety. Preanesthetic maternal anxiety has fairly high proportion in numbers. This problem needs to be addressed to prevent a negative impact on children post anesthesia.

CD4+ T helper has an important role in maintain long-term antitumor effect. AJ madu reported that there was a significant decrease between CD4 values before and after chemotherapy. Researchers wanted to investigate the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on CD4+ levels in patients with locally advanced breast cancer at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. This study was a non-comparable clinical trial by looking at serum CD4+ levels in locally advanced breast cancer patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There are 30 subjects the subject age ranged from 33-66 years with an average of 45 years. 29 patients with marital status (96.7%), 17 patients with contraception history (56.7%), 13 patients with family history of Breast Cancer (43.3%). 23 patients with good chemotherapy response (76.7%) and 7 patients who had poor chemotherapy response (23.3%). Statistical test results using paired t-test showed that there was a significant difference in mean CD4+ count before and after neoadjuvan chemotherapy. At the CD4+ level before chemotherapy 775.55 had a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 57% (cut of point). While CD4+ levels after chemotherapy 470.85 with sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 57%. CD4+ pre-chemotherapy examination had a sensitivity score of 60% and a specificity of 57%.

Filariasis is an infectious disease caused by filariae worm transmitted by a mosquito as vectors. Mansonia is one of the genera of filariasis vectors. The high risk of filariasis transmission is the existence of habitat character which is qualified for Mansonia spp. One of filariasis endemic area is Banyuasin, South Sumatera, as much as 2.02% microfilaria rate. This study was conducted to estimate the number of vector abundance influenced by habitat characteristic. The data collection was from two villages: Sedang and Muara Sugih, from April 2017 – May 2018. Mosquitos were caught using aspirators and humans as baits. Ecological factors were the physical environment such as temperature measured by thermometer and humidity measured by sling hygrometer. Water parameter and geographic factors were analyzed. Abundance model of Mansonia spp described using regression test for multivariate analysis. Data analysis was performed and presented in form of frequency tables. The number of samples was 4.956 mosquitoes. There were six species such as Mansonia uniformis, Mansonia annulifera, Mansonia indiana, Mansonia dives, Mansonia bonneae, and Mansonia annulata. Sedang Village was dominated by Mansonia uniformis (41.25%) whereas, Muara Sugih Village was by Mansonia bonneae (45.66%). The ideal habitat characteristics for Mansonia spp were environmental conditions with high temperature and humidity, low water turbidity, low water temperature, low pH, TDS, and high TSS. The diversity and abundance of Mansonia spp as a potential vector of filariasis Brugia malayi in Banyuasin regency was closely related to environmental characteristics such as temperature, humidity, water parameters, and plant species.

Irrigation is one of the important principles of triad endodontic to eradicate microorganisms in root canal infections. The rhizomes of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) contain compounds that have antibacterial activity and has a potential to be used as an alternative for irrigation solution. The study was done to evaluated the antimicrobial activity of white turmeric extracts againts Streptococcus viridans. This experimental in vitro study used four extracts of white turmeric with various concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%) as tested groups, 2% Chlorhexidine as positive control and distilled water as negative control group. Solid BHI medium containing Streptococcus viridans was perforated with a cork borer and dropped by 5 mL solution according to each group. The inhibition zone diameter was measured to evaluate antibacterial efficacy. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and continued by Post-hoc Bonferroni. The results showed that all groups had significant differences. The largest growth inhibition zone was 100% white turmeric extracts group and had strong antibacterial effect, followed by 50% and 2% chlorhexidine, while 25% and 12.5% extracts had moderate antibacterial effect. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that white turmeric extracts can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus viridans.

Diet high in fructose and cholesterol may lead to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). One of the first drugs of choice in DN treatment is captopril. Prolonged use of this drug may lead to some adverse effects and the treatment can be optimized through using other therapy options. Acalypha indica Linn. (AI) may be an alternative herbal therapy for DN. The objective of this research is to investigate the renoprotective effect of AI on DN. For seven weeks, thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups receiving normal diet and high-fructose and high-cholesterol diet (HFCD). Then, the HFCD-fed rats were divided into four groups receiving different treatment: negative control, AI root extract (250 mg/kgBW), captopril (2.5 mg/kgBW), and combination of captopril and AI. Normal diet group was divided into AI and no treatment. After four weeks of treatment, the rats were terminated and serum urea and creatinine levels were measured. In the normal group, AI therapy decreased serum urea and creatinine levels. In the HFCD groups, AI and captopril monotherapy groups had increased serum urea levels, but lower compared to negative control. Meanwhile, serum creatinine levels decreased in both groups. However, these findings are not statistically significant. We found that combination therapy group had the highest increase in serum urea level, which was significantly different with captopril group (p=0.01). Serum creatinine level was also increased in this group. Our present study showed that AI tend to reduce serum urea and creatinine levels in normal diet group and inhibit the increase of serum urea and creatinine levels in rats fed with HFCD diet. Antagonistic interaction between captopril and AI might be present.

CD8+ Cytotoxic T-cell Lymphocytes (CTLs) had a major role in tumour apoptosis. Meanwhile, chemotherapy could induce tumour cell apoptosis and enhance CTL response. Therefore, pre-treatment immune status might predict the ability of chemotherapy to eliminate cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to CD8+ serum in locally advanced breast cancer patient. A randomized clinical trial has been conducted in Dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from October 2017 until January 2018. There were 30 samples who fulfil the inclusion criteria. All samples were taken neoadjuvant chemotherapy and analysis data was using SPSS ver.21. The range of age patient with locally advanced breast cancer in this study 30-66 y.o with mean 45±10.526 y.o. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the CD8+ serum was significantly decreased (p=0.000). CD8+ serum before chemotherapy has sensitivity 42.86% and specificity 43.48% to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response with cut off point 660.7 cell/mm³. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreases CD8+ significantly in locally advanced breast cancer patient.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 2-ME and administration of black cumin extract on sperm motility of male white rats. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) of 24 male white rats. The 2-ME solution is given intraperitoneally, and black cumin extract is given orally. The samples were divided into 6 groups, treatment given for 21 days. Data analysis used One Way ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The results, after induced 2-ME spermatozoa morphology mean as much as 31.25%, after being given average black cumin extract spermatozoa morphology of 89.75%, after administration of 2-ME and black cumin extract dose of 1.2 g/kgBW average morphology of spermatozoa 35.75%, the dose of 2.4 g/kgBW mean morphology of spermatozoa was 47.00%, while the dose of 3.6 g/kgBW resulted in an increase in morphology of spermatozoa by 57.25%. Conclusion, 2-ME induction can reduce the morphology of male white rat spermatozoa. While the administration of black cumin extract can improve the morphology of male white rat spermatozoa. The administration of black cumin extract at a dose of 3.6 g/kgBW after 2-ME induced can improve the morphology of the sperm and is significantly different.

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by the entry of harmful pathogens toxins into the blood vessels, which will cause the immune system response and ultimately will also interfere with hemostasis system including coagulation system which can end up with DIC. Therefore, monitoring of coagulation in sepsis becomes very important. The examination of coagulation such as PT and aPTT by mechanical methods only provide information about the timing of the coagulation and completely unknown how the coagulation process occurs. The Currently available coagulometer tool that checks the coagulation system with photo optical method to visualize the waveforms clot (Clot Waveform Analysis). This study was to determine the difference between CWA of normal and abnormal aPTT in sepsis patients. It was conducted at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. The subjects were all patients diagnosed with sepsis based on SOFA sepsis criteria, in the period of May 1, 2016, until August 31, 2016, were examined aPTT by CS2100i. The CWA were obtained from the examination of aPTT with the tool. Waveform of aPTT in sepsis was a biphasic waveform if the value of slope_ 1> -0.25% T / sec. The waveform were found in normal aPTT (83.33%) and prolonged aPTT group (100%). It were occured in the most normal aPTT groups and in all subjects with prolonged aPTT.This finding was useful for the treatment of sepsis patients when aPTT is normal because it proved that in sepsis patients with normal aPTT shows a biphasic waveform.

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) is a group of nematodes that infect people and transmitted through soil media. STH occurs especially among pre-school and school-aged children, and commonly related to environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. The study objected to determine the factors related to the incidence of STH in children 5-15 years who lived surrounding the Sukawinatan district of Palembang city. The observational analytic using the cross-sectional design, consisted of 110 subjects sampled by consecutive sampling. Data on environmental sanitation and personal hygiene were obtained by questionnaires, while infection status using the Kato-Katz faecal technic. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test (α = 0.05), showed that 24.5% of population where infected with STH. A number of 1-24-2 children were infected with hookworm-Ascaris lumbricoides-Trichuris trichiura infection, respectively. Based on statistical test results, the association of STH infection with variables were: waste disposal (p = 0.268), water facilities (p = 1.000), sewage disposal (p = 0.224), latrine (p = 0.021), hand washing prior to meal (p = 0.001), hand washing after defecate (p = 0.028), use of footwear (p = 0.013), and nail hygiene (p = 1.000). Concluded that the significant factors related to STH were use of latrine, hand washing behaviour, and use of footwear. Further research will be necessary to successfully eliminate this neglected tropical disease.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, in which immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues such as joint, skin, kidneys, brain, and other organs. The dysregulation occurs in the immune system and produces various inflammatory autoantibodies and cytokines in SLE patients. Leptin plays a role in the immune system's reaction to autoimmune diseases related to the inflammatory response, therefore it acts as a potential target in the development of therapy in the autoimmune disease. Serum leptin levels in SLE patients may be elevated, and are associated with the involvement of lupus nephritis, although it still unclear. A cross sectional study was conducted with a number of 70 subjects, each group consisted 35 SLE and 35 non-SLE patients who were treated as outpatient in the period of April - November 2016 at internal medicine Mohammad Hoesin hospital Palembang. We found that, leptin serum levels in the SLE group were higher than the non-SLE group but showed no significantly different.

Depression is the most common mental disorder in the elderly, especially elderly that has lost their spouses. Elderly nursing home, public or private, is one of the alternatives residences for elderly who lost their spouses. The difference of residential has been reported as the independent predictor factor of depression in elderly. Therefore, screening of depression using Geriatric. Depression Scale (GDS) is extremely needed. The aim of this study was to determine the difference of may GDS score between elderly who lost their spouses in public and private elderly nursing home in Palembang. This was a cross-sectional is a study done in November 2015. The sample was 34 elderly who have lost their spouses at Panti Social Tresna Werdha Teratai (public) and Panti Werdha Dharma Bakti (private). Data collection consists of subjects' characteristics and Geriatric Depression Scale Score, defined by interview. The data was analyzed using Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact Test. The depression incident of elderly who lost their spouses in a private nursing home was greater than in public nursing home (8,3% vs 0%). The GDS score showed a significant difference between private and public nursing home with p = 0,04, OR 6,429.

Previous studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective effect of acetylcholine (Ach), and therefore is indeed a potential theraupetic target for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that Ach is not only important in the pathological but also physiological state of the heart. The herb Centella asiatica has long been used to cure a number of conditions in traditional Indian medicine. Previous studies have shown that the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the Centella asiatica extract is capable of increasing the Ach level in the brain. However, it is unclear whether it can affect Ach level in other organs, such as the heart. In this study, healthy adult male Wistar rats were allocated into groups treated with the positive control, Donepezil, or the aqueous extract at doses 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. After 21 days, the whole heart was evacuated and weighed prior to further measurement for Ach content. The present study showed that long-term consumption of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous Centella asiatica extract could modulate the Ach content in the heart.

There have been increasing cases of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) through the production of enzymes carbapenemase in the last decade. Bla_IMP gene acts as a gene encoding the enzyme production carbapenemase that hydrolyzes beta-lactam ring in carbapenem antibiotics. The mechanism of bacterial plasmid transfer among Enterobacteriaceae facilitates the spread of carbapenem antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species. This study aims to identify the genes bla_IMP in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. This research is an observational research laboratory. The population of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria is accumulated in clinical microbiology laboratories RSMH, period September-November 2017, then performed a test to get a sample of bacterial phenotype CRE through Vitex 2® compact bioMerieux tool. CRE phenotype sample obtained bacteria, later identified to determine genotype bla_IMP CRE bacteria samples by PCR and visualized on a 232 bp band. A total of 35 from 730 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria population (4.8%) was identified as bacterial phenotype CRE. A total of three from 35 samples of the CRE phenotype (8.6%) was identified containing the gene genotype bla_IMP . The third came from sputum samples containing Klebsiella pneumoniae, pus containing Enterobacter cloacae and blood containing Serratia marcescens. In this study identified three samples (8.6%) bacterial genes phenotype bla_IMP CRE.

Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) is one of the most helminthic skin infestations, frequently in tropics and subtropics countries, including Southeastern United States, Central, and South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The infected cats and dogs usually defecate in sandpits, seashore, or areas with loose, wet soils where also being the natural environments for the larvae. Human is the dead-end hosts that the filariform larvae in humans are not capable of maturation. The larvae keep moving approximately 2 – 3 cm/day. During its migration, an itchy erythematous. CLM is a self-limiting disease, the spontaneous resolution coming up within a few weeks. But most patients used to receive anti-parasite therapy, such as Albendazole or Ivermectin.

Colorectal cancer occurs due to neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells in the colon and rectum resulting from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. One of the genetic factors associated with colorectal cancer is KRAS gene polymorphism, which mostly occurs in codon 12. KRAS gene polymorphism leads to constitutional activation of KRAS protein effectors which will initiate signalling network to nucleus to increase cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. The aim of this study was to identify the KRAS gene codon 12 polymorphism in colorectal cancer patients at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. This study was a descriptive laboratory study with PCR–RFLP technique using BstNI enzyme on thirty patients with colorectal cancer. Wild type genotype (GG) of KRAS gene codon 12 found in 15 patients (50%), heterozygous mutant genotype (Gg) found in 12 patients (40%) and homozygous mutant genotype (gg) only found in 3 patients (10%). The G allele frequency was 70% and the g was 30%. The most common genotype found in colorectal cancer patients was GG genotype and most common alotype was G allele. KRAS gene polymorphism was found in half of the colorectal cancer patients, heterozygous mutant genotype (Gg) was more frequent then homozygous mutant genotype (gg).

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus which can cause infection usually in immunocompromised patients. An immunocompetent patient can be affected if he got chronic exposure to soil contaminated with birds or bats guano. We are reporting a case of a 54 years old man, working as trashman at open-air landfill, presented to hospital, with persistent fever and abdominal pain. The patient also complained of enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes. The abdominal ultrasound and CT-scan showed bilateral adrenal masses. Biopsy per laparoscopy of adrenal mass, and aspiration cytology of lymphadenopathy were performed and the results of cyto and histopathology examinations were Histoplasma capsulatum infection. The patient was planned for itraconazole 200 mg bid for 12-24 months. After 6 months of therapy, the patient had no more complains and the lymph nodes have shrinked significantly.

Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection, which types mainly 16,18,31, and 45. CD4+ T cells are the most important cells in viral clearance. CD4+ and CD8+ are involved in the apoptotic process and the CD4/CD8 ratio was assessed in response to the treatment of NAC in advanced cervical cancer. We conducted a case-control study with 30 patients of advanced cervical cancer and 30 patients as the control. Samples were taken from the vein and processed using hemocytometry. Samples were checked three times for cases when the stage of cervical cancer was enforced, before patients underwent 2^nd and 3^rd series of NAC. The majority of controls were 39.73 years and for the cases were 48.3 years. Patients with CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1.2069 had 1.5 times higher risk to cervical cancer than patients with CD4/CD8 ratio < 1.2069, but it was insignificant (OR = 1.495, 95% CI = 0.540-4.136, p = 0.605). Before therapy, they had lower CD4 and CD8 value compared to control. The higher the CD4/CD8 ratio before the 3^rd series of NAC was, the higher the risk of having no response towards NAC treatment in advanced cervical cancer patients. Moreover, most of our patients had either complete or partial response.

The level of physical activity decreases with reduced skeletal muscle movement in daily activities. Motivation to keep moving and adequate physical activity can increase the value of VO max. This study aims to identify the effect of physical activity motivation in VO₂ max values so as to increase the degree of fitness and health. The research uses a quasi-experimental design. Samples were high school students in Palembang were divided into 2 groups: the motivation of physical activity and the control group. The motivation for physical activity is routinely done by sending an SMS every 3 days for 60 days, VO₂ max values measured using the Multistage Fitness Test and the number of daily steps using pedometers Accupedo application. A total of 80 subjects had a VO₂ max pretest and posttest in the intervention group amounted to 40.5 and 42.9 ml/kg/min, while the control group 41.2 and 42.7 ml/kg/min. The number of daily steps in the intervention group for 8959 steps, while the control group of 7398 steps. Statistical analysis by paired t-test showed that there was a significant effect on the motivation of physical activity daily step count (p <0.001) and VO₂ max values (p <0.001).

Chitosan is a chitin derivative natural polymer compound isolated from aquaculture waste, such as a crab shell that is the most chitosan source. Nanocitosan as a drug delivery offers delivery with non-harmful routes such as oral, nose, eye, and absorption. Nanokitosan can be absorbed by human organs that have nano-sized membrane penetration capabilities such as the kidneys, liver, and lungs where nanoparticles are 1-1,000 nm in size. Chitosan nanoparticles are prepared by ionic gelation techniques. The mechanism of this method is the formation of chitosan nanoparticles based on the electrostatic interaction between the positive amine groups on chitosan (-NH₂) with the negative charge group of polyanion tripolyphospate (TPP). The first step is the preparation of chitosan, crab shell waste which is smoothed to 60 mesh, after subsequent smrubination to be smoothed to remove the protein content by dissolved in 3 N NaOH, then crude chitin demineralized to eliminate the mineral content contained in the crab shell with the addition of HCl 1 N and the presence of heating and stirring. The chitin obtained then enters the deacetylation stage to remove the acetyl group present in the crab shell by adding 50% NaOH and carried out by heating and stirring. The chitosan obtained was then dissolved in 3% lactic acid to obtain liquid chitosan, then added NaTPP to reduce the chitosan particle size to nano size. The obtained nitrocitosan size is 688 nm distribution with variation of NaTPP addition of 0.1% concentration and stirring 60 minutes. The resulting nitocytosan is tested to increase the rate of blood clotting that has been shown to shorten blood clotting time by up to 30 seconds.

Integrated watershed management has been regulated in the Regional Regulation Number 22 of 2014 Lampung Province. Watershed is a land area that is a unity of ecosystem with river and its tributaries that function to accommodate, store and drain water coming from rainfall to lake or sea naturally. The Lampung Province watershed is a watershed across several districts / cities in Lampung Province covering Sekampung watershed, Tulang Bawang basin, Seputih watershed, watershed watershed, Abar Kambas watershed and Mesuji basin. The largest part of the upstream of this river is located in West Lampung District, part of North Lampung, and part Tanggamus. The existence of integrated watershed management aims to improve and prevent damage to the watershed and realize the welfare of the community. Lampung Watershed Forum ensures that the watershed condition in Lampung has been severely damaged by the destruction of forests and dryland farming without soil conservation impacting on the declining water quality so that it will be dangerous if consumed by the people around the watershed. This condition leads to various diseases related to reproduction. This reproductive disease can affect children as well as adults. This study aims to determine the impact of the implementation of regulation number 22 of 2014 relating to reproductive health of people along the Lampung River Basin. The research method is descriptive observational research. The results obtained show that the implementation of Regulation No. 22 of 2014 has not touched the reproductive health of the community. Nevertheless, the number of reproductive diseases in the community along the Way Sekampung catchment in 2016 is smaller than in 2012. Needed assessment and impact handling for community welfare to materialize. The results of this study are expected to be a contribution of thought in the integrated watershed management of Lampung Province.

This study purpose to explore the effect of ethynyl estradiol and desogestrel on proliferation and apoptosis hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell. Hydatidiform mole tissue, trophoblast cells were isolated and culture at RPMI 20% FBS medium. Trophoblast cells divided into three groups observation. First group get ethynyl estradiol 10 nmol/mL, second group get desogestrel 100 nmol/mL, third group get DMSO 1%. Cells incubated and observe at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Cell cycle, apoptosis and β HCG was evaluated. The group of cells that get ethynyl estradiol in concentration 10 nmol/mL had cell proliferation index, amount cells and β HCG level higher than control after 72 hours observation. The group of cells that get desogestrel in concentration 100 nmol/mL have cell proliferation index, amount cells and β HCG level lower than control after 48 hours observation. There are no differences of apoptosis between the two group and control. Conclusion: Ethynyl estradiol will increase proliferation of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell, while desogestrel will decrease proliferation of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell. There is no effect of ethynyl estradiol and desogestrel on apoptosis of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is a health problem that was results from a work and reported form repetitious movement and awkward postures. The aim of this study is identifying MSDs on pedicab drivers and analyse the radiologic features of the spine (vertebral column) related to MSDs. The research was an observational study with 30 pedicab drivers in Palembang. Musculoskeletal disorders were identified from a Nordic questionnaire whereas other factors were measured using a self-data questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. A radiologic feature of vertebral column was taken on X-Ray examination of thoracolumbalis spine on lateral and anteroposterior position. The results of this study show that there was a significance difference between lower back pain with lumbar spondylosis p-value = 0.042 (p <α). A pedalling position on pedicab drivers that involves some muscles and bones that manifested to a radiologic feature of spine especially at lumbar spondylosis.

The expression of COX-2 and iNOS have an important role in inflammation. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) contains active compounds such as curcumin, which can inhibit the expression of the enzyme so that the risk of chronic inflammation and cancer can be reduced. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric extract concentrations on the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study was an experimental post-test only with a control group design. The RAW 264.7 cultured cells were divided into six groups (G) on a 24-well plate; GA (control group without LPS), GB (control group with LPS), GC (control group without primary antibody), GD (62,5μg/mL extract concentration), GE (125μg/mL extract concentration), and GF (250μg/mL extract concentration). After 18 hours of treatment, all the cells were fixed with ethanol and stored and tested with immunocytochemistry. Results show the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS in GA (10,51±5,15; 12,51±3.10), GB (82,29±1,49; 82,70±1,67), GC (29,01±5,19; 16,33±1,61), GD (32,19±5,36; 58,58±10,31), GE (24,29±5,88; 52,55±9,03), and GF (40,42±3,15; 29,24±7,84). The test results of data analysis by one-way ANOVA (COX-2) and Kruskal-Wallis (iNOS) showed significant differences (p <0.05) along with Post Hoc test Tamhanes (COX-2) and Mann-Whitney (iNOS), which also showed significant differences (p <0.05). The most substantial differences shown by the mean of the treatment group turmeric extract concentration were 125 μg/mL (COX-2) and 250μg/mL (iNOS). These results suggest that turmeric extracts can reduce the effects of inflammation on RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide

High blood cholesterol level can cause atherosclerosis which is potentially cause coronary heart disease. Pindang patin is one of the favourite foods in Palembang which contain omega 3 fatty acids that can decrease blood cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to see the effect of pindang patin intake on total cholesterol and LDL. The type of this study was laboratory experimental using a pre-post-test randomized design with a control group in male mice (Mus musculus L.). The mice were given the high-fat diet by using egg yolk as much as 20% of body weight. The samples were divided into 5 groups: Negative Control, Positive Control, Dose I (0.26 ml/20 grams of body weight), Dose II (0.52 ml/20 grams of body weight) and Dose III (1.04 ml/20 grams of body weight). Blood samples were examined by using a spectrophotometer. Dose II and Dose III give the effect in decreasing the blood level of cholesterol in male mice, and Dose III give the effect in decreasing the blood level of LDL of male mice. Pindang patin can decrease the blood total cholesterol and LDL levels of male mice, and the best dose is in 1.04 ml/20 grams of body weight.

Induction and intubation for pediatric patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) should be conducted with careful measures to avoid any complications due to anesthetic drugs. Proper endotracheal tube (ETT) size is essential to avoid reintubation. The aim of this study is to analyze factors affecting the accuracy of uncuffed ETT size prediction in paediatrics with CHD. This observational-analytic study included seventeen patients aged 0-8 years with CHD underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Subjects were classified as cyanotic or acyanotic heart disease. The ETT size was predicted by Cole's formula. The accuracy of prediction was analyzed according to age, body weight, height and type of CHD. The prediction of ETT size was accurate in 53% of the subjects. The prediction was inaccurate in 63% of cyanotic subjects, while only 16.7% of acyanotic subjects. Univariate analysis for all variables showed there was no significant factor to affect the accuracy of ETT size prediction. The smallest p value was subject's height. Height has a 69.8% affecting factor to predict the accurate ETT size. Thus, age, body weight, height and type of CHD are not statistically significant factors to affect the accuracy of ETT size prediction. But, height gives a better prediction to the accuracy of ETT size.

Gastric cancer is a malignant gastric mucosal cancer that often began on the side where the gastric layer is inflamed. Previous research has shown that high uric acid levels are associated independently with an increased risk of gastric cancer and it is suspected that there is a correlation between gastric cancer and elevated levels of uric acid levels but is still poorly known in detail. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between uric acid levels and stage of malignancy of gastric cancer patients in the oncology department of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. This research was an analytic observational study by using a cross-sectional design to test the correlation between uric acid levels and stages of malignancy in gastric cancer. The results obtained was analyzed using Goodman and Kruskal's Gamma correlation test. The Goodman and Kruskal's gamma test results showed a strong correlation (p=0,033; r=0,746) between uric acid levels and which shows a significant correlation with 95% of confidence levels. Every increment in uric acid levels would be followed by an increase in stages of malignancy in gastric cancer.

Body mass index is one of the indicators used to detect body weight and nutritional status. Excessive weight in children can affect the occurrence of flat feet compared with children who have normal weight. Flat feet is a foot structure disorder that does not form the medial arch. The aim of this research is to know the relationship between body mass index and flat feet in elementary school children at Xaverius 1 Palembang. This is an analytical-observational research with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this research are 70 students of elementary school at Xaverius 1 Palembang and collected by using stratified random sampling proportionally. The research was conducted in October 2017. Data analysis was performed by Chi-Square test on SPSS application. The category of body mass index was classified into overweight/obese and not-overweight. In the category of overweight/obese, there are 24 (80%) people were positive flat feet and 6 (20%) normal people. In the category of not-overweight, there are 7 (17.5%) people were positive flat feet and 33 (82.5%) normal people. The result of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between body mass index and flat feet (p = 0,000) with PR value of 4.571, that is overweight/obese people risk 4.5 times for flat feet compared to people who were notoverweight.

Laparoscopic nephrectomy has become the standard procedure for living donor renal transplant in Indonesia. The anesthesia technique used for this procedure is general anesthesia combined with regional anesthesia. Among many techniques available, epidural block is often performed. This study aims to compare hemodynamic stability between Quadratus Lumborum (QL) block, as a new alternative block, and epidural block for laparoscopic nephrectomy. Patients were randomized to receive epidural block (n=13) or QL block (n=13) for intraoperative analgesia during laparoscopic nephrectomy. Patients in epidural group received continuous bupivacaine 0.25% infusion 6 ml/hours and patients in QL group received 20 ml of bupivacaine 0.25% bilaterally. Hemodynamic variables consisting of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rates (HR), as well as fentanyl consumption between the two groups were compared. There were significant differences in intraoperative MAP between epidural block group and QL block group (p = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in HR (p = 0.114) and fentanyl consumption (p = 0.593) between two groups. QL block produced a relatively steadier MAP compared to epidural block; however intraoperative HR and fentanyl consumption between two groups had no significant difference.

Depression is the most common mental disorder nowadays. It was triggered many searches to find out traditional plants that has antidepressant activity, one of which is sweet basil. Sweet basil oil that consist of eugenol inspected by in vivo using depression-induced male Balb/c mice and compared its antidepressant activity with fluoxetine HCl. This study was to compare antidepressant activity of sweet basil oil (Ocimum basilicum) and fluoxetine HCl evaluated from immobility time and serotonin level in plasma. An experimental study, in vivo, has been done in animal house and biomolecular laboratory medical faculty of Sriwijaya university during May until July 2015. Samples of 32 male Balb/c mice that divided into 4 groups was adapted for 10 days. Tail suspension test was done for 14 days, then mice blood was taken for checking depression serotonin level. In day 15th until 28th, mice given with sweet basil oil with gradually dose (P1, P2, and P3) and fluoxetine HCl (P4). Tail suspension test was done once and mice blood was taken for checking after therapy serotonin level. Data analyzed with SPSS 16. All male mice are similar in body weight, immobility time at tail suspension test I, and depression serotonin level. By tail suspension test, there is significant difference before and after therapy in group P1, P2, and P3 (p <0,001), group P4 (p = 0,001). There is no dose suitability between sweet basil oil and fluoxetine HCl based on tail suspension test (p < 0,001). Serotonin level in plasma before and after therapy shows significant difference in all groups (p < 0,001). There is no dose suitability between sweet basil oil and fluoxetine HCl based on serotonin level in plasma (p < 0,001). Antidepressant activity of sweet basil oil and fluoxetine HCl is not similar based on immobility time and serotonin level in plasma.

Minimal reports are available on the relation between blood lipids and acne vulgaris (AV). Sebaceous glands are the key roles in AV pathogenesis, while the sebum lipids in sebaceous glands are one of the main factors for AV development. Recently, any changes in the proportions of blood lipoprotein are known to be related to AV incidence. The study was conducted to determine the correlation between serum lipid profile and AV severity. Sixty-two study participants, who met the inclusion criteria based on the consecutive sampling method, were enrolled in the study. The levels of lipid profile were measured and the AV severity was determined by Lehmann criteria. Results showed that the majority of participants had moderate AV (56.5%) and there was an increase in LDL-C levels (54.8%). There was a statistically significant correlation between TC levels and AV severity (p = 0.001; r = 0.332) as well as a strong correlation between LDL-C levels and AV severity (p = 0.000; r = 0.622). The study also found a tendency of HDL-C levels decrease, followed by increased AV severity, and vice versa (p = 0.041; r = −0.229). The study suggested that there was a significant correlation between serum lipid profile and AV severity.

Birthweight is the quality of maternal nutrition during pregnancy. In 2005, more than 20 million infants in the world (15.5% of all births) experienced low birth weight. Efforts to improve the survival of infants. Moringa oleifera leaf extract is a medicinal plant that plays roles to increase mother's milk production. Determine the effect of Moringa leaf extracts supplementation to mamma alveolar diameter of breastfeeding maternal and weight of infant Wistar rat. This was a Completely Randomized Design, conducted in October-March 2018. The sample used were 24 pregnant rats, negative control (KN) given aquadest, positive control (KP+) Moloco 0.13 mg/g BW/day, treatment group I (KPI) dose 0,042 mole leaf extract and treatment group II (KPII) dose 0,168 mg/g BW/day. Data were analysed using ANOVA test 5% significance and continued by post hoc LSD (Least Significant Difference) test on SPSS program version 16. The results showed that in KPII, it was found that the increase of breast alveolar diameter and infants birth weight was higher than the other treatment groups. Infants weight gain is no difference between groups. Moringa leaf extracts to 14 effective periods of pregnancy to increase the size of an alveolar diameter of breast gland and birthweight in infants.

A non-invasive method of examination, dermoscopy (DS) can be used to detect Sarcoptes scabiei, but needs special training and expensive. Videomicroscope (VM) is able to visualize burrow, mites and eggs, so prompt treatment can be given. The aim of the study is to compare VM and DS, confirmed by skin scraping microscopic examination as standard diagnostic. The method was analytic observational study comparing VM and DS in 210 presumptive scabies patients in Palembang municipal orphanage. By consecutive sampling, 139 patients were included, 73 (52.5%) were men, 66 (47.5%) were women. Majority age were 11-20 years: 85 (61.2%) and 5-11 years: 44 (31.7%). The most common locations were interdigital manus/pedis 125 (89.9%), dorsum manus/pedis 106 (76.6%), wrist joint 102 (73.4%). VM's sensitivity 92%, specificity 88%, accuracy 91%, positive predictive value (PPV) 96%, negative predictive value (NPV) 79%, area under curve (AUC) 90.3%. DS' sensitivity 85%, specificity 71%, accuracy 81%, PPV 90%, NPV 60%, AUC 77.7%. There is a significant difference in specificity, accuracy and AUC, specificity of VM 88% and DS 71%, p 0.0007 < 0.05, accuracy value of VM 91%, DS 81%, with p 0.0257 < p 0.05; AUC of VM examination 90.3%, DS 77.7%, p 0.0069 < p 0.05. There was a significant difference between VM and DS examination with Z=2.23 p 0.0257 (Z>1.96). VM is better than DS, VM can be used as a diagnostic method especially at primary health service, a rapid mass screening and for evaluation of post-therapeutic follow up of scabies in epidemic area.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an inflammation or infection in the endocardium. Cardiac abnormalities represent a predisposing for the development of IE. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of IE from Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2017. Forty six children were diagnosed with IE, 67,4% of patients with aged > 5 years old. The nutritional status was 69.6% wasting and 30.4% normal. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) was the predominant underlying heart condition (60,9%), followed by Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) 37% and without cardiac abnormalities (2,1%). The infective agents were identified in 50% cases, and the most frequent causative agents were Staphylococcus aureus (21.7%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.9%), Streptococcus viridans (6.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (4.3%), Streptococcus bovis (1%), Staphylococcus haemoliticus (1%). The following complications were common: heart failure (65.2 %), pneumonia (17.4%), anemia (4.3%), pericardial effusion (4.3%) respectively.The most empirical antibiotics were ampicillin and gentamicin (82.6%) and only 1 patient underwent surgery for IE. The overall death was4.3%. The conclusion of this study is IE mostly occurs in CHD and the most organism is Staphylococcus aureus.

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is leading cause of death among gynaecologic malignancies. Somatic mutation of ARID1A gene often observed in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma cases. This mutation causes loss of ARID1A protein expression on tumor-bearing tissues. This study aims to investigate ARID1A protein expression in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma cases in Indonesia. The archive of Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue of 11 endometrial carcinomas (EC), 16 clear cell carcinoma (CCC), and 23 serous carcinomas (SC) from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The ARID1A expression were analyzed by using Kolmogorov Smirnov and Fisher's Exact Tests. Majority of patients were older than 50 years (90%). Loss of ARID1A expression in tumor tissue was significantly low in the SC group (8.7%) compared to the EC group (27.3%) and the CCC group (62.5%) (p = 0.021). This study showed that ARID1A expression, was not associated with FIGO stage (p = 0,423), and with histological grade of the cases in EC group (p = 0,544) and SC group (p = 0,395). Loss of ARID1A expression was more frequently found in EC and CCC cases. Loss of ARID1A expression was not associated with FIGO stage and histological grade.