Table of contents

International Conference on Advances in Energy Industry and Power Generation

AdvEnGen-2020

The International Conference on Advances in Energy Industry and Power Generation was held in Almetyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation on 12-14 February 2020. Almetyevsk State Oil Institute participated as an initiator and an organizer of the event.

The three days' conference was attended by several delegations from leading Russian petroleum engineering and power engineering institutions: Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan), Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow), Kazan State Power Engineering University (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan). Attendees from several oil and electrical companies took part in the discussion as well: Belorusneft (Rechitsa, Republic of Belarus), Tatneft (Almetyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan), Tatenergo (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan). Also seven individual guest researchers from Russia and Vietnam participated in the sessions.

More than fifty studies related to the following topics were reported at the conference

• Electrical machinery and drilling equipment,

• Automation for oil and gas engineering,

• Engineering mathematics application,

• Power generation and distribution.

All the received manuscripts were reviewed by an editor and invited referees to qualify the most significant ones for publication. The single-blind peer-review method was applied.

We express our appreciation and deep gratitude to all the participants and the organizing committee for their contribution to preparing the AdvEnGen 2020 proceedings.

With the best regards,

Editor, prof. Akhmetsalim S. Galeev, Almetyevsk State Oil Institute

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Hydraulic fracturing has become one of the main and most effective methods of intensifying oil production. A method of bench-scale study with the use of modern measuring equipment, automation of experimental variable measurements according to specified algorithms ensuring high-level works was developed in order to obtain reliable data on proppant migration in a fracture. The laboratory facility makes it possible to determine the speed of proppant flowback from a fracture, proppant permeability depending on layer elevation. The tests show the nature of permeability change as the pressure increases. The conditions under which the height of a filling layer varies depending on pressure were identified. The test bench greatly facilitates and accelerates the experiments. The use of modern information and measurement systems makes it possible to significantly increase the volume of received information and improve its quality. The use of experimental results obtained through hydraulic fracturing will allow for additional increase in hydrocarbon production.

Nowadays the problem of use of energy resources is the most relevant. The actions directed to increase in energy efficiency of use of energy resources at the mining utilities should be developed and introduce to solve this problem. The refusal of the systems of the centralized heat supply and transition to the decentralized systems is offered as the solution of an objective. In the centralized systems, development of warmth is carried out in separate sources. The giving of the heating agent in the systems of heat consumption is taken place through thermal networks. Thermal networks have the considerable extent and diameters at the same time. They are also equipped with thermal points, pump stations, automatic equipment and a control system.

The article is devoted to the methods of increasing boiler-house efficiency. This current problem is considered in the article by two reasons: big part of volume flue gases enter the atmosphere, utilization of this gases is difficult process. The scope includes a description of the sample of heat exchanger. The analysis method for deep chilling flue gases for increasing the energy efficiency of the boiler-house was carried out. This method can be used in enterprises with big energy consumption, also boiler-house with small capability. The calculation of a boiler-houses with different was given, as an example. Average increasing energy efficiency of boiler-houses was found.

Rock drilling and blasting holes created during construction of underground mining in general and in Quangninh are the interaction of the drill into the rock. Drilling efficiency and productivity depend on many parameters such as power dam, the rock solidity and the rotational speed of drilling and geometric parameters of the drill head. These parameters determine and affect the durability of the drill head. In this report, the authors present the results of experimental studies of the influence of sharp angles on the durability of the cross drill head during the drilling process and blasting rock in the Quangninh coal region. According to the results, it is established that the wear intensity f varies positively with firmness i_h and inversely with the sharp angle of the drill head in the range of studied sharp angles. Nevertheless, the variation of wear intensity with regard to the change in sharp angles is not significant compared to the variation of wear intensity according to the rock strength. Research results can be used to calculate, design and choose appropriate drill rock quarry that increases the productivity and efficiency of drilling, contributing to reducing product costs.

The present study is devoted to the assessment of hydrogeological conditions in the field of discharge of the water-bearing horizon. The study is carried out on the territory of the Burnakovo Lowland tank farm, Nizhny Novgorod, and the adjacent areas. These areas are potentially adverse areas with disturbed surface runoff conditions. Within these anthropogenically modified areas of megacities, there is pollution due to additional infiltration nutrition. In this case, it is possible to form a layer of liquid oil products on the surface of the water-bearing horizon and subsequent migration of pollutants within the catchment areas of rivers and water bodies.

As light oil reserves are developed, the share of heavy high-viscosity oil (HVO) reserves, which are considered difficult to recover, increases in the total balance of oil reserves. Therefore, the future of the oil industry is inevitably linked to the development of highly viscous heavy oil deposits. Today, according to various estimates, epy reserves of high-viscosity oil and bitumen range from 790 billion tons to 1 trillion tons. This is more than 5 times more than the residual recoverable reserves of low and average viscosity oil. The world experience of developing high-viscosity oil deposits shows that the cost-effective development of most of them is limited due to low efficiency of oil wells and low oil recovery achieved through natural operation mode or flooding. If the first of these problems is successfully solved in recent times by drilling horizontal and multilateral wells, the second one requires the introduction of various technologies to influence the formation (thermal methods, miscible displacement, etc.), which are not always highly efficient. In this work we will consider the impact of changing the operation modes of production wells on the production of high-viscosity oil reserves on the example of the Northern Buzachi field (Republic of Kazakhstan).

The article discusses the effect of the remoteness of the place of a three-phase short circuit on the depth of the voltage dip depending on the load on the synchronous generators and synchronous motors. A series of experiments was carried out where the length of the 110 kV overhead power line varies, at the end of which a short circuit occurs, as well as the load distribution coefficient of a synchronous machine with higher than normal field-forcing ratio and the influence of these parameters on the level of residual voltage among large industrial consumers. The efficiency of using synchronous machines with a higher than normal field-forcing ratio of the excitation is estimated, and their stability under a sharp increase in loads, which cause voltage changes during the transition process and cause rotor vibrations, accompanied by magnetic losses due to the occurrence of eddy currents in the rotor core, is considered. The results of simulation presented in the Simulink are a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and analyzing multi-domain dynamical systems.

The authors propose a method for mathematical statistics application for residual reserves in deposits predicting. They propose a method for making residual the current reserves distribution model based on geological and physical characteristics of the reservoir analysis. The article takes the first step to justify the use of statistical methods in the conditions of operational facilities of the Romashkino and Tuymazy oil fields. One of the urgent problems associated with the effective oil fields development is not only a reliable estimate of the distribution density of residual reserves, but their forecast for the subsequent development as well. There are many ways to estimate residual reserves nowadays. All of them are, to one degree or another, based on residual oil saturation ratio estimating, which in the conditions of insufficient accuracy of geophysical methods, as well as their rise in price (carbon-oxygen logging, for example) or their limited application, calls for other approaches in the residual oil reserves value assessing, based, for example, on the field data. Logging methods have their limitations. Their application requires other approaches in residual reserves amount assessing. Having analyzed multiple studies results, such as, for example, field data, implemented in the SPSS program regression analysis, which allows statistical data the processing the authors propose the mathematical statistics methods application in assessing the density of the actual and forecasting the residual oil reserves' distribution density. The mathematical modeling results for oil from a porous medium displacement process are presented for Romashkino and Tuymazy oil deposits.

The article deals with the efficient non-stationary well operating mode during fluid withdrawal. In this well operating mode, the optimal pump switching periods are identified to increase the oil flow rate and reduce the water content of the fluid. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of pilot production wells operation. A descriptive method was used during the study, which involved analysis of the reservoir-well-pump system transient phenomena on a simulation stand, interpretation of transient graphs, comparison and synthesis of the results. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of transient pressure changes on the simulation stand for different pump operating modes. The results of the research have shown that the pressure change depends on the pump operating mode, i.e. reservoir characteristics depend on the change in the hydraulic resistance of the reservoir-well-pump system.

The article gives a brief description of the three-phase separator of the "Heather-Triter" type. A three-phase separator of the "Heather-Triter" type is used to obtain commercial oil from well products, and to separate well products for gas, oil, and water. To regulate the oil level and phase separation, the separator is equipped with direct-acting mechanical control valves on the oil outlet line and on the water outlet lines. The issues of modeling the level control system in a three-phase separator of the "Heather-Triter" type, and criteria for the quality of production management are considered. The description of the model of a three-phase separator of the "Heather-Triter" type is given. It works with various methods of fuzzy controllers. A method for improving the quality of level control in the Troika is described by the Heather-Triter phase separator using a fuzzy controller. The issues of optimizing the structure of a control system with a fuzzy controller are considered. A method for improving the quality of level control in a three-phase Heather-Triter separator is described.

At the present time, the process of super-viscous oil deposits development is of current interest among the oil companies. The production of super-viscous oil in the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out using the steam-assisted gravity method. The article proposes a method for solving the problem of selecting a heat meter devices on sites of the Ashalchi field for the production of super-viscous oil. Analytic hierarchy process was used and the parameters required for the optimal selection of heat meters have been determined in the course of investigations. Based on these parameters, a hierarchy for the heat metering unit and a pairwise comparison matrix for the main criteria of the flowmeters have been made. As a result of the analysis, the optimal flowmeter in terms of the chosen criteria has been selected.

This article offers a heat-exchanger of improved design which allows reducing time between overhauls and maintenance. Since to date, the challenge of providing enterprises and public utility installations with heat-transfer media of required parameters is the most pressing. The collection chamber is equipped with a variable frequency ultrasonic radiator. Bays are installed with the possibility of extracting them. The case is made as one-piece and enclosing all bays. Heat exchange sections are made in the form of sectors. The dividers are equipped with windows that provide the flow of the annular medium in the opposite direction to the flow of the pipe medium. Tests were conducted on a four-way shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The heater was disassembled and inspected, after inspection it was found that scale on the heating surface was completely absent. As a result of the analysis, we can conclude that the design efficiency of the four-way shell-and-tube heater. When working on soft water and ultrasonic protection, there is no carbonate scale on the heating surface. When developing a combined vertical heat exchanger, a comparison was made with high-speed water sectional heat exchangers. The task of creating a simple and cheap design of the heat exchanger was performed by simplifying the design of the heat exchange sections and reducing the metal consumption. The stated technical problem was solved by improving the multi-pass heat exchanger with an ultrasonic emitter, which has a casing and heat-exchange sections in the form of tube bundles with tube sheets at the ends.

The paper reviews the issues of source data generation for automated design of the technological process of machining and geometric information transfer from one design stage to another. When dealing with design issues, the input of source data related to the work-piece and manufacturing conditions plays an important role. The formalized description of these objects is carried out using mathematical models. A drawing of a machine-building part or work-piece is a geometric model of the manufacturing item. However, this model is inconvenient when establishing links in the design of its manufacturing processes. Drawing models are the basis of graphic modules of computer-aided design systems. However, they are inconvenient for achieving process design goals, since the object is known to be surface in machining or assembly process, but not zero-dimensional objects on the plane. It represents a mathematical model of a machine-building part consisting of the basic elements of the form, which can be used in the automated development of the technological process of machining.

This work is topical, since it allows predicting the physical state of the contact joints of low-voltage switching devices and to avoid their destruction, which occurs due to mechanical and chemical effects on the contacts during operation, leading to an increase in the transition resistance and overheating of the contacts. The following criteria were adopted as serviceability criteria for the contact connections of switching devices: the maximum temperature of their heating, the maximum value of the resistance of the pole of the device and its parts, as well as the excess of the temperature of the contact heated part over the ambient temperature. The authors obtained graphs of the dependence of the resistance value of the contact connections of magnetic starters and circuit breakers on the ambient temperature and load factor. The article determines the analytical dependence of the resistance of the magnetic starter contact connections on the ambient temperature. It also features mathematical models that take into account various operating conditions of switching devices, the input values of which are refined using regression analysis.

The mathematical model was developed for the mud pump electric drive with an individual compensation unit in a bypass circuit, which allows simulating the electric drive operation during the start and in steady-state modes with and without regard to the individual compensation unit. The mathematical model of the electric drive of the mud pump was developed with the aim of increasing the reliability and continuity of the drilling rig technological process in case of failure of the frequency-controlled converter of the electric drive. The use of the electric drive parameters given in relative units in a mathematical model allows replicating the obtained simulation results for other modifications of the pump electric drive. It is proved that when an individual compensating unit is included in the electric drive circuit, it reduces the loss of active power in the cable line and overhead line, and helps to increase the efficiency of the mud pump. The simulation results showed the boundary parameters of the dependent and independent variable parameters of the distribution electric network, at which the start-up of the electric drive of the mud pump is completed successfully.

The paper is based on the theoretical aspects of studying the success of oil production projects. To conduct clustering based on the empirical data from the producing well stock, a classifier has been compiled describing the types of interventions in 2013-2018. The selection of indicators was carried out on the basis of theoretical qualitative analysis. The following statistical indicators were included in the study information base: well profile, well diameter, field, horizon, and oil flow rate. The dynamics of the oil flow rate is translated into a comparable form using time synchronization. Since the initial attribute space is represented in various units of measurement, in order to ensure comparability, at the stage of formation of information array, standardization of indicators was carried out to the maximum. The interventions revealed the following combinations of factors which showed the greatest effect in terms of growth and total oil production: well profile, well diameter, field, as well as critical factors that can be interpreted as factors of ineffective interventions. The obtained factors were verified by various methods of multivariate statistical data analysis. The author suggests conclusions and recommendations for the most efficient interventions in oil wells.

Nowadays the main equipment for oil production is the installation of electric centrifugal pumps. When operating oil wells with such installations, various complicating factors arise, in particular, the accumulation of free gas in the space between the outer surface of the tubing and the casing string. The experience of the ESP unit operation shows the negative impact of high gas pressure in the annular space on the efficiency of the unit. The technical solutions available today for the wells characterized by high GOR are the different types of valves, which have a number of operational shortcomings. To improve the efficiency of oil well operation, the authors suggest a jet device to bypass free gas above the dynamic level, thus reducing the gas pressure in annular space. The solution of the problem of reducing the negative effect of excess free gas in annular space is based on the study of experimental data from oilfields by using up-to-date information technology. The technology using a jet device in combination with a submersible electric centrifugal pump is proposed. The use of the jet apparatus enables reducing the gas pressure in the annular space of oil-producing wells even regardless of the discharge pressure and external ambient temperature, which increases the operating efficiency of the electric submersible pumping unit.

Nowadays electrical submersible pump (ESP) units remain the main type of formation fluid production equipment. There may be complicating factors during the operation of oil production wells equipped with such units. Complicating factors include the fall of the submersible unit downhole to the bottom of the production well. The damage from such falls is great. Despite the accumulated experience in this area, effective solutions need to be developed. In the work, the sources of vibration in the ESP are noted, and the places of breaks in the unit are indicated. The reasons for the occurrence of vibration processes in a submersible unit are summarized. The authors propose a design of a compensator intended for quenching vibration energy in a submersible unit. To evaluate the effectiveness of the compensator as part of an ESP unit, tests on industrial sites were conducted. At Open Joint-Stock Company Alnas, the test stand was a vertical well. Tests in Almetyevsk Central Base of Electric Submersible Production Service were carried out on a horizontal test stand section by section. Analysis of the results of the tests showed that the use of a compensator can reduce vibration levels.

At the beginning of Russian studies on the task of creating mobile ground fire robots for use in extreme situations in late 1980, it was justified by the fact that firefighters need protection when dealing with the consequences of accidents in areas with high levels of radioactive pollution. The use of fire robotics was increase because of a large number of technogenic accidents. There was a need for use of fire ground robots, where emergency situations, fire, and technogenic accidents arise because it's dangerous for the life and health of firefighters and people. Fire mobile ground robot is an automated self-propelled technical device which does given commands of human and other actions without human. People use this robot at the accident on area, where is dangerous for the health of firefighters things are situated like oil, nuclear, chemical objects. Now we are considering a structural and intelligent navigation system of fire mobile ground robot, in which a structure of fire robot must create a good way to the center of ignition, control parameters of motions, track own location for safe navigation and improvement tactical of opportunities of the firefighters. The introduction of a fire mobile ground robotics device is needed for an increase in the tactical capabilities of fire detachments during the extinguishing of the fire. The goal is to the definition of tasks and development structural and intelligent scheme of the navigation system of fire mobile robot for the shortest path to fire and extinguish a fire.

The gas of many fields in Eastern Siberia (Chayandinskoye, Kovyktinskoye, Sobinskoye, Chikanskoye, etc.) has a complex component composition with a high helium content. In order to realize the advantage of a unique raw material base, it is necessary to put into practice solutions for the industrial implementation of technologies for the extraction of helium, storage and transportation. One of the directions for the solution of these problems is the creation of temporary underground storage of helium concentrate in a porous medium next to gas chemical plants. This will ensure supply flexibility and reduce helium losses. The global demand for helium is continuously increasing from year to year and in the long term, a favorable situation will emerge on the global helium market for Russia, a positive effect from which can be achieved, provided the benefits of the raw material base are realized. A positive effect means not only the monetary effect, but also takes into account the formation of prerequisites for the development of new spheres of influence: access to new trading platforms and sales markets, the development of high-tech industries, basic and applied sciences, etc. In order to realize the advantage of the raw material base, Russia needs in a fairly short period of time to put into practice the decisions on the industrial introduction of gas separation technologies and underground helium storage.

The efficiency of potassium fertilizers production needs to improve industrial control systems because the fertilizers are very important for agriculture and economy all over the world. Now a control of flotation quality is made by a visual operator's observation, and a human factor could influence on the results. This paper is about of researching of foam recognize algorithms based on determination of flares from bubble surfaces. Statistics of flares are used for determination of parameters of transition processes in the flotation machine. A method based on bubble flares detection instead of bubble borders recognition. The method allows recognizing bubbles even on a surface of specific potassium foam, non-contrast, solid and color. This research solves the tasks of an optimal binarization threshold approximation, foam driver imagination exclusion, transition process detection. The optimal threshold is developed from medium frame luminosity quite linear. The foam driver can be excluded from the frame by specific character of luminosity trend. The transition process leads to change of bubbles count easy detected by software. A time of processing is about 15-30 ms per frame. Thus, the method can be used as in alarm systems, so in control systems on decision support systems.

Offshore stationary platforms are actively used for oil and gas production on offshore fields in the world. Thus only in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 4,500 such structures are used. Actively offshore stationary platforms are used by Norway, Azerbaijan, Iran and other Persian Gulf countries, China, Brazil, the USA and many other countries. The offshore platforms considered in the article are structures welded from pipes of various diameters. These platforms are affected by wind, wave and other loads, which cause them to vary in direction and magnitude of voltage. The article analyzes methods for calculating stress values for welded joints of platforms. Based on these methods, the author carried out numerical and analytical modeling of the stress state of the welded joints of the offshore stationary platform, obtained practical results on the example of a "T" type welded joint

Currently, the world is actively developing offshore fields. This production is carried out using fixed offshore platforms. During operation, offshore platforms are exposed to various influences, including corrosion. As a result of this effect, caverns are formed on the surface of the structural elements of the platform, which are stress concentrators and capable of causing critical overvoltage of the platform elements. To prevent this situation, it is necessary to identify hazardous corrosion defects in a timely manner. The article describes a comparative analysis of modern non-destructive testing methods, as well as the results of a method developed by the author on the basis of experimental studies for assessing the depth of corrosion defects.

Currently, the world is actively engaged in the extraction of oil, gas and other useful resources at offshore fields using offshore stationary platforms. Due to the fact that the platforms are operated for a long time, fatigue damage accumulates in them. This issue becomes especially important when assessing the residual life of welded joints of the offshore platform, the repair of which is carried out using various technologies. The resource of such compounds is determined on the basis of the fatigue diagram, the key value of which is the fatigue limit. A large number of theories have been developed to determine the fatigue limit. However, calculations based on these theories do not always give a correct estimate. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the effectiveness of various methods for determining endurance limits using welded joints of offshore stationary platforms as an example and to select a method that allows obtaining the most accurate value of fatigue limit.

The article discusses the problems associated with calculating the residual life of welded joints of offshore stationary platforms using the example of "K" -type joints. It should be noted that the residual life of such repaired compounds is still not well understood. The author built computer models of offshore platforms, which made it possible to determine the values of the maximum amplitudes of the alternating stresses that arise during the operation of the platform. Based on this information, the author justified the conditions of the experiment. The article describes the method of repairing a crack by the method of its welding with the establishment of so-called "crack traps" along the edges of the crack. The experiment was carried out under conditions of primary and repeated fracture of the welded joint "K" – type. As a result of the studies for the described repair technology, the endurance limits of the repaired K-type welded joints were calculated, which is 13.3 MPa based on the cycle Ng = 3 * 10⁶.

The Association "Roselectromontazh" conducted a study of electrical loads for residential and public buildings in the Republic of Tatarstan showed that actual electrical loads are 1.5 - 2.5 times lower than in regulatory documents. Recently constructed cable networks and transformer substations of 0.4 / 10 kV in fact turn out to be underloaded. Moreover, this underload is such that most of the transformers rarely operate at 30% of their capacity during hours of maximum power consumption. The calculation of electric load is the basis for designing the power supply system of any capital construction facility. According to the open joint-stock company "Network Company" and with the support of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Association "Roselectromontazh" carried out an experimental study on updating the requirements for calculating electricity consumption in public and public buildings of the Republic of Tatarstan. The actualization of electrical loads will lead to a significant economic effect by reducing the declared capacity and accordingly the power and number of power transformers reducing the cross-sections of power cables and consequently, capital costs during construction and operation.

When operating wells equipped with SRP units, the parameters of the products are monitored mainly via a wired communication channel in close proximity to the bottom by means of sensors. In the course of the work, it was found that, despite the large number of proposed scientific and engineering solutions, the objective of creating a reliable wireless electromagnetic channel connecting to the well bottom along with a configuration for its implementation is urgent, especially as far as the practical implementation is concerned. A distinguishing feature of the engineering solution proposed is data transmission via a galvanic communication channel in the course of well operation, involving the electric current excitation in the metal string in a well using the ground generator with one terminal connected to the ground part of the metal string and the other one to the pickup electrode on the well surface; switching dielectric loading, splitting the metal string in the downhole into the top and bottom parts, and data receipt from the well bottom depending on the ripple caused by the switching of the dielectric loading, where the data transfer phase synchronized with the upward lift of the rod string providing the possibility to use the feedback in order to track the cycle duration with a constant voltage on the dielectric splitter.

Remote monitoring of pumping equipment operation in real mode is being widely introduced at oil and gas industry enterprises. The controllers applied in this process enable preventing progressive destruction of equipment and emergency failures and implementing automatic control of machines' operation. The actual data collected by these controllers is transferred to the company's servers and makes it possible to effectively set and address various tasks on equipment maintenance. However, there is still insufficient number of applications to address the problems of pumping equipment operation. The presented paper is aimed at resource efficient operation of equipment by obtaining the information on both actual and predicted technical state of the equipment in real-time mode. The main performance characteristics of a pump deteriorate in the process of its operation, followed by an increase in specific power consumption for injection (with the reservoir properties unchanged). Economic losses due to pump's wear and tear are determined by the price of electricity and the cost of overhauling. Implementation of the designed monitoring system will make it possible to automatically decide whether further operation of the pump is unprofitable and if it needs to be overhauled. Based on the analysis of the trend of monthly unit costs, the pumping unit will be timely removed for major overhaul when the trend reaches its minimum, which shall provide an average annual economic benefit up to 4,000,000 rubles per pumping unit.

Development of mature oilfields of the Ural-Volga region is performed primarily by means of downhole sucker-rod pumping units (UShSN). The most characteristic failures of these installations are breakdowns and twist-offs and pump valve failures [1-5]. The ways of the elimination of these accidents vary significantly: rod breakage or twist-off implies pulling out of downhole equipment, and elimination of "sticking" of the pump's shut-off valve assembly requires rehabilitation of downhole equipment through flushing with water, hot petroleum or a solvent. Failure to identify a malfunction leads to incorrect planning of wellbore equipment rehabilitation activities and, eventually, to economic losses.The cause of downhole equipment malfunctions is usually determined through analysis of dynamometer cards (DC). However, in the majority of cases, the dynamometer cards do not allow to distinguish the rods' tail end twist-off from the rod pump valve failure. In the paper presented the method is considered for rapid detection of rod breakage and twist-offs (RBT) in the wellbore, which involves creation of an electrical circuit "rod string - tubing string" and monitoring of its integrity. To determine the failure type, the synchronization module measures the system's resistance on the dielectric coupling via an electromagnetic conduit. In case of RBT, the electrical resistance of "tubing - pump - rod string" circuit will be much higher (over 2 Ohm) than in case of absence of this failure (0...2 Ohm).

We have reviewed the features of the oil rectification process in the low-power crude oil refinery unit. The features of heat removal by intermediate pumparound in comparison with a large-capacity unit have been distinguished. The input and output parameters of the object have been selected. The possibility of representing a multi-loop controlled object as single-channel objects using the EOTF method of effective transfer functions has been reviewed. To improve the quality of unit control, it has been proposed to use the model in practice. For this purpose, a dynamic Hammerstein model for the low-power crude oil refinary unit has been developed to identify the nonlinear part. The proposed model allows studying the influence of various effects (live reflux consumption, diesel oil consumption and superheated steam consumption) on the controlled parameters (points of the temperature profile of the atmospheric tower). The Matlab/Simulink software has been chosen as the tool for implementing the model.

The study touches upon the issue of wellbore stability in wells drilled in anisotropic rocks. Initial data for solving this task is the results of anisotropic core samples testing for unlimited and limited compression taken from one section of the whole core and drilled in different directions. These data are taken from the works of foreign authors that are collected and presented in [1]. The problem of wellbore stability drilled in multi-layer highly anisotropic rocks is solved by applying a strength criterion that includes stress tensor components and the angle between the normal line to the slip area and the direction of lamination. Given that the values of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio for the anisotropic rocks under consideration in the main directions of anisotropy differ insignificantly, the stress distribution around the wellbore is accepted without taking into account the anisotropy of the elastic properties. It is believed that strength anisotropy is the cause of rock destruction. Thus, the components of the stress tensor are determined using the superposition method by summing the solutions of the classical Kirsch and Lame problems.

The authors used the criterion of short-term rock strength, transformed for the case of long-term strength in order to assess the long-term stability of the borehole wall and determine the permissible pressure in the wellbore. The long-term strength criterion is written according to the method of P.P. Balandina. As a result of the study, it was proved that the determination of the long-term strength of a rock is reduced to a decrease in the values of the short-term strength limits. A curve of the long-term strength of an inclined well is constructed according to a generalized dependence. The expression is obtained that allows determining the time of long-term strength.

The article describes the impact of the use of polyurethane insulation on the tubes sclerosis by hydrate when gas is taken from the "dome-separator", installation that designed for emergency hydrocarbon collection at the bottom of the ocean. Such an installation collects hydrocarbons directly above the breakthrough point at the bottom of the ocean, and their transportation is carried out through pipes to the collecting vessel. Currently, in the conditions of the development of the Arctic shelf in order to increase the level of oil production, such breakthroughs can cause enormous damage to the ecosystem, in particular, in the Arctic Ocean, since living organisms that exists in the harsh conditions of these latitudes are more sensitive to changes in the environment. But during the passage of gas through the exhaust pipe in the presence of moisture and corresponding thermodynamic conditions, a hydrate formation process occurs. This phenomenon can cause the pipeline to overlap and impede the normal operation of the selection of hydrocarbons from great depths. To prevent these consequences, work suggests possible options for warming the pipeline. It is shown that sclerosis of a pipe extending to great depths can be prevented even with small values of polyurethane foam insulation.

The analytical signal for atomic-emission microwave plasma (AEMP) spectral analysis method is studied. It is shown that the signal consists of two parts: background signal, proportional to content of the analytical element in a sample shaped by submicron particles and metalorganic compounds; pulse signal, proportional to content of analytical element in coarse discrete particles. The "dynamic discrimination" algorithm is suggested that allows measuring the element content in a liquid or powder ore sample independently of the content shape using AEMP method. It is shown that atomic absorption (AA) and AEMP measurements of Fe, Cu agree within error for samples both low and high in content of element in submicron particles.

The authors propose the algorithms to calculate the actual values of currents and their derivatives. The algorithms allow a sharp reduction in the aperiodic components of currents in the calculated actual values and their derivatives. The algorithms are developed to calculate the instantaneous values of positive- and negative-sequence currents when the information obtained during a time interval equal to two milliseconds or less is used. An algorithm is devised to calculate the sinusoidal components of the currents in the presence of aperiodic components in the samples. To eliminate the disoperation of digital relay protection and improve the accuracy of fault location, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of aperiodic components in the currents drawn to the measuring devices of relay protection. The algorithm completely eliminates the aperiodic component at any time constants and is implemented by four samples of currents. The four samples of currents separated by three sampling intervals are sufficient for calculating all the parameters of currents, including the positive and negative-sequence currents, in particular in the case when the magnetic cores of current transformers reach saturation. The proposed methods for setting the industrial frequency parameters to avoid the aperiodic components in short-circuit currents are based on the algorithms that process the data from three and four samples of currents.

On-line sensors based on optical, ultrasonic, electostatic and inductive principles are evaluated for use in determination of wear in oil systems of aircraft GTEs. This application is limited due to contraints of the high oil flow rate (40-60 L/min) and the flow diameter of 20-25 mm. Under such conditions, most sensors are unable to function efficiently and give incorrect readings. As such, creating on-line wear evaluation systems remains hardware-limited. Decrease of detection limit of non-ferrious particles for inductive type sensors is a possible way to solve the issue.

The problems before reliable wear evalution using traditional lab based methods, such as ferrography, x-ray and spectrography, are discussed. One of those problems is that only a subset of wear debris features is measured by each method, which does not allow one to determine wear type. Filter sample analysis technology must be developed, because oil sample is devoid of diagnostic information due to fine filtration. The solution to aforementioned problems is proposed in the form of a newly developing microwave plasma method.

In the work on the basis of the proposed mathematical model, the process of decomposition of methane hydrate under thermal action on the reservoir is numerically investigated. Based on the calculations, it was shown that the energy efficiency of the decomposition of methane hydrate, i.e. the ratio of the energy obtained by burning the released methane to the energy spent on heating the formation decreases with increasing temperature of the coolant. The formation temperature distributions are also presented and the dependences of the position of the phase transition boundary on the system parameters are investigated. The problem is solved in a plane-one-dimensional formulation. According to the proposed scheme, a homogeneous porous layer of finite length, containing methane hydrate in the initial state, is considered. In this problem, we believe that the decomposition of hydrate into water and gas occurs at the boundary of phase transitions.