Table of contents

Green technology as an integration of modern technology and environmental science is applied to conserve the sustainable fulfilment of human needs by preserving environment and natural resources. In the application of green technology, the development and utilisation of products, equipment, and systems are carried out by minimising the negative impacts of human activities to the surrounding. Among the main purposes of green technology application is to ensure the sustainability of human and the ecosystem. The sustainability is related to the current living compliance by considering the supply availability of future generations. In the future, green technology is considered to be the means of achieving the human living goals. People have started avoiding the employment of technology that raising negative impacts to the environment. An application model of alternative conventional technology to comply with green technology concept is waste recycle process. This process significantly minimise the side effect to the environment by reducing the pollutant generated by human activities.

The 9th Engineering International Conference (EIC) was conducted on September 24th, 2020. Following the WHO's advice for the public due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Indonesian government regulation to avoid crowded or indoor settings, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), as a conference organizer which is located in Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang- Indonesia, decided to set up this year annual conference virtually. In consequence of the uncertainty surrounding and resolving the current traveling difficulties, the 9th EIC was conducted on Zoom and broadcasted on YouTube as well.

The conference was started with a plenary session by four keynote speakers from Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Indonesia. Each of them delivered the speech in 45 minutes and had Q&A session for 15 minutes. This session was guided by qualified and experienced moderator from Faculty of Engineering UNNES. The four keynote speakers were delivering the speech from their place by joining the Zoom meeting.

After plenary session, the 97 presenters from Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Taiwan were divided into five meeting rooms in Zoom based on the manuscript's topics to have a parallel session presentation. Each room had a moderator who managed the presentation and Q&A session. The presenters asked to record and send a 10 minutes video presentation to be shown in the parallel session. Each presenter should be online in the room when the video played which followed by the Q&A session. The parallel session discussion run well and interactive, so it can improve participants' understanding based on the material presented. It also aims to synchronize perception toward certain material.

In general, the virtual conference was successfully conducted with the hard work from the committee, keynote speakers' cooperation, and the presenters' participation. All of the participants joined the conference from opening to closing without any significant problems. At the end of the agenda, the committee announced the best video presentation from each parallel room to appreciate a great effort in preparing the presentation. Finally, all of the keynote speakers, presenters, and participants got a certificate of participation as a proof of conference contribution.

This proceeding covers manuscripts in the engineering areas. Research results, new ideas, information, and application related to the theory, design, development, implementation, testing or evaluation in the areas of green technology are presented. The concepts of green technologies, facilitate the goals of keeping the environment intact and improving it for civilization to survive.

List of Advisory Board, Technical Committee, Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double-blind

• Conference submission management system: Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Management System: eic.ft@mail.unnes.ac.id

Person in Charge: samsudin_anis@mail.unnes.ac.id

• Number of submissions received: 107

• Number of submissions sent for review: 88

• Number of submissions accepted: 71

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 66.355

• Average number of reviews per paper: 3

• Total number of reviewers involved: 14

• Any additional info on review process: - The review process started after the authors had submitted manuscript in the conference system website. The whole review process spent around 6 months for 3 cycles. 14 reputable and experienced reviewers were reviewing the 88 submitted manuscripts. The manuscripts went through the double-blind review process, each manuscript was reviewed by 2 reviewers that each reviewer got about 13 manuscripts in the 3 cycles. Each cycle spent 2 months of review process. It means each reviewer needed 2 months for reviewing 4 manuscripts.

• Contact person for queries: (please include name, affiliation and email address)

Dr. Samsudin Anis

Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang

samsudin_anis@mail.unnes.ac.id

This paper presents shrinkage, density and hardness number of hard magnetic (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) based on iron sand produced by conventional solid-state reaction process. Iron sand was mechanically filtered using permanent magnets 35 times. The filtered iron sand was heated at temperatures of 900°C for 5 hours in the furnace and after it was cold and produce Fe₂ O₃ phase. Powders of Fe₂O₃ and BaCO₃ were mixed and milled in a shaker ball mill up to 3 hours. The powder mixture compacted at a pressure of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 tons and followed by sintering at temparature of 1100, 1150 and 1200°C for 1 hour in the furnace. Shrinkage measurements include diameter and height uses vernier caliper, while density measurements use the Archimedes method. Hardness number obtained with pass vickers hardness testing methods. Barium ferrite 's maximum shrinkage and bulk density values were at 7.5 tons compacting pressure and 1200°C sintering temperature where the shrinkage value was 7.44 percent, average shrinkage was 3.49 percent, and density was 4.397 g/cm³. In barium ferrite with a compacting pressure of 7.5 tons and a sintering temperature of 1200 °C which is equivalent to 741 HV the highest hardness value is found. The higher the compacting press and sintering temperature, the greater the importance of bulk density and hardness of the materials.

This paper presents a simulation and optimization of machining time during milling of AISI P20 steel using the Taguchi method. The simulation was conducted using the L9 orthogonal array on a Swansoft CNC Simulation with the Fanuc OiM operating system. Milling simulations provide faster time and lower cost of getting machining time data compared to experiments on actual machines. The cutting tool uses a 12mm flat endmill and 4 number of flutes. Machining simulation parameters on surface finishing are speed, feed rate, and width of cut (WoC), while the depth of cut remains. NC programs, according to zigzag, paralel spiral, and constant overlap spiral toolpath strategies. The parameters of speed and feed rate have been calculated based on WoC values (5%, 10%, and 20%) of the AISI P20 steel material. The lowest machining time from each toolpath strategy is generated from WoC 20%, 3032 RPM speed, and 2286 mm min⁻¹ feed rate. Setting these parameters on the three toolpaths simulated gets the lowest machining time. The toolpath strategies that provide the lowest machining time are the constant overlap spiral namely 1.62 min or 1 min 37 seconds. ANOVA analysis on various toolpaths found that the WoC and feed rate were significant factors (P less than 5%) affecting machining time, while the speed factor exceeded P probability (5%). The calculation of the S/N Ratio on various toolpath strategies shows that the width of cut is ranked 1, feed rate as ranked 2, and speed is ranked 3 affected the machining time.

Friction stir process (FSP) is a method of solid-state consolidation that uses an inexhaustible tool to increase the modification of work piece structural. This current work presents a study of friction stir process on magnesium (Mg) alloy work piece using different design of pin profiles tool. Experiments were conducted in dry condition where tool progression was monitored carefully in every milling passes, then the effect and quality criterion were measured. Result shows that the dominant tool of friction stir process mechanism of mild steel tool is the strength intensity increased at higher speed and lower plunge length due to the superiority of friction stirred region on the magnesium. Furthermore, the hardness of the stirred friction of Mg alloy also increased by using a triangle pin profile design.

Paper pulper machines a capacity of 83 litres/process must have a low-cost material, robust and safe to operate. Paper pulper machine components analysed are tubes, frames, helical screw shaft and the shaft holder. The method uses a static structural analysis to obtain von mises stress and displacement. Static structural analysis uses finite element analysis with the help of CATIA® Software. The safe component size and lowest cost (safety factor more than 2.5) were selected in this study. Calculation of costs by multiplying the size of the material needs by material prices. Tube components use SUS 304 with thickness variations of 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2mm. Frame and shaft holder using L shape ASTM A36 size 40x40mm and 50 x50 mm with thickness variations of 3, 4, and 5 mm respectively. Variations in material size are determined based on standard material sizes available on the market. The simulation result of each component shows the thicker the material, the lower the von mises stress, the lower the displacement and the higher safety factor. Tubes with a thickness of 0.5mm have a von mises stress of 4.43 MPa, a displacement of 4.7 x 10⁴ mm with SF 56.4 is safe and were chosen because of the lowest material costs (IDR 360,009). The frame size was chosen 40x40x3 mm based on the SF frame value (26) with the lowest material cost (IDR 197,800). The shaft holder is also chosen for the size of 40x40x3mm where the SF value (3834) and the lowest material cost (IDR 14,400). Helical screw shaft size is chosen at 0.5mm thickness where SF is 304 and material costs IDR 100,968. The overall results of the static structural analysis on various sizes of the paper pulper machine components showed o_von under Oyield, small displacement, and SF is safe.

Composite is a material that is widely used in the manufacturing industry, especially in aircraft manufacturing. The use of composites generally lies in the airframe structure, which consists of joints. Composite joints are a method for combining structures and have become important research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the bonding strength and failure modes of single lap joint composite made of Epoxy resin and WR 600 Glass Fiber with different compositions for tensile testing. The standard for tensile testing is in accordance with ASTM D5868-01. The process started by making a specimen using the hand lay-up method with a vacuum bag. There were two types of specimens; A is a specimen with 74.82% resin and 25.18% fiber, while B is 66.42% resin and 33.57% fiber. Simply put, specimen B has less resin than specimen A. Tensile test results show that Specimen B had higher strength than specimen A. For bonding failure mode, specimen A was adhesive failure and for specimen B was cohesive failure. It was showed that the composition of the composite affects the shear lap strength.

This paper presents a static structural analysis of the Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV) Patriot chassis uses a type of ladder frame with 440 G JIS STAM carbon steel tube and bracket material is AISI 1020. Static load on the patriot chassis is varied in a normal load and an extreme load. The element method simulation is carried out on the chassis until the horizontal chassis position is 0˚, 30˚ downhill and 30˚ uphill. Static structural analysis on the patriot chassis frame using the finite element method found that the overall design is safe under various load variations and support variations. Applied normal load with a total of 4 supports (4 wheels) on the patriot chassis design which is varied by its tilt, show that the 0˚ chassis position produces the highest von mises stress (86.1 MPa) and the highest displacement (0.38mm). The results of extreme loading on various supports of the 3 wheels alternately patriot chassis design show that the highest von mises stress (264 MPa) and the highest displacement (5.11 mm) occurs at 0˚ chassis position with rear right not support. The factor of safety from various variations in loaded, tilt position, and the number of supports of the Patriot chassis design is more than 1 so that the chassis design is declared safe.

Jute and ramie fibre received significant attention from the researcher around the globe due to the excellent performance as reinforcement materials for the composite. The present work study the influence of the fabric orientation and layering sequence on the hybrid woven jute-ramie reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact). The composite sample was prepared via a hand lay-up method with a compression machine. Four (4) different orientation ready for the composite sample consists of 0 laminate, [0°/0°/0°/0°], cross-ply [0°/90°/90°/0]° laminate, angle-ply laminate [45°/-45°/45°/-45°] and quasi-isotropic laminate [0°/45°/-45°/90°]. Based on the finding on the current research, the effect of orientation for hybrid woven jute-ramie is apparent on the tensile testing — nonetheless, the influence of the woven orientation for flexural testing and charpy impact testing. Based on the tensile testing, the composite with the woven orientation of cross-ply yield the highest average tensile strength compared to the other composite. In the case of tensile modulus, the composite sample becoming more ductile when arranged to the orientation of angle-ply laminate and quasi-isotropic laminate. For the flexural testing and charpy impact testing, the entire composite yield almost similar value regardless of the type of woven arrangement.

This study aims to analyse the structural design of a village car chassis that uses a ladder frame type to simulate extreme road conditions in countryside areas. The research method used is finite element analysis. The material used for the simulation is Carbon steel tube JIS G 3472 STAM, STAM 440 G and for the bracket used Carbon Steel AISI 1020 (UNS G10200). The load simulation was varied from the chassis conditions of 0°, 15° uphill, and 15° downhill. The pedestal conditions on the chassis are varied from 4 wheels to 3 wheels. The variation of loads applied to the chassis structure consists of 1) normal loads and 2) extreme loads. Based on the data from the analysis of static loading on the village car chassis, the maximum stress generated was 297 N/mm² in the 15° uphill chassis conditions without the support of one right rear wheel. The maximum displacement was 12.2 mm in 15° uphill conditions without the support of one left rear wheel. The average value of von mises stress on the chassis was 156.41 N/mm² with an average safety factor value of 2.19 and an average displacement value of 4.36 mm. It can be concluded that the chassis design is safe to withstand dynamic loads according to industry specifications.

Bohler M303 Extra is a material commonly used in plastic injection molds. Improving the surface quality of molded products through the CNC process can reduce production costs by eliminating the polishing and finishing process. Reduction of production costs can also be achieved by decreasing machining time. This paper deals with surface quality optimization and machining time optimization from a variety of toolpath strategies, feed rates, and depth of cut. The machine parameters experiments were based on the L9 orthogonal array of taguchi method. The NC program was generated from the MasterCAM® software and experiments using a Sinumeric 802S/C CNC milling machine. The tool used was Carbide End Mill with TiAlN Coat 12 mm in diameter, with a total of 4 Flutes. The ANOVA results show that the parameters of the toolapth strategy, feed rate, and depth of cut do not have a significant effect on surface quality, but the feed rate parameters have a significant effect on the value of machining time. The result of the S/N ratio calculation places the toolpath strategies parameter as the 1st rank which affects the surface quality while the feed rate parameter is the 1st rank which affects the machining time. The calculation of the s/n ratio also shows that the lower the feed rate value is, the better the surface quality, but the greater the machining time value. Machine parameter setting that gets the optimum surface quality is not the one that produces the lowest or highest machining time values.

This study aims to determine the bending and impact strength of the laminate composite Co/G/Co (cotton - glass fiber - cotton) and C/G/C (carbon fiber - glass fiber - carbon fiber) that are used by Garuda Medica, an orthotic and prosthetic manufacturer in Tridadi, Sleman Regency, to make prosthetic sockets. Co/G/Co and C/G/C laminate composites with layer variants of 2/1/2 and 4/2/4 for each composite were made by hand layup method. All variants were tested for their flexural and impact strength. The addition of the laminate layer and the replacement of the outer laminate increase the strength of the composite. The replacement of the outer laminate from cotton to carbon increased the strength. The lowest impact strength of the composites, namely the [Co₂/G/Co₂] variant, has met the requirement of the socket impact strength that is suitable for use. However, the stacking sequence of Co/G/Co and C/G/C are not recommended when viewed from the strength and classification of the constituent laminates.

User Satisfaction is a crucial factor to the success of the Information System which will have extensive impact on the benefits for individuals and organizations as well as users' continuance intention. Paperless office system is the use of e-government which aims not only to reduce paper usage but to increase effectiveness and efficiency in public services. E-Kinerja is a method provided and supported by the government with a purpose of improving employee productivity and performance. Through the integration of Extended Expectation Confirmation Model-IT (EECM-IT) and updated Delone and McLean IS success model, this research examines the relationship between each variables adopted and then identify factors intended to influence user satisfaction as well as building significant impact towards implementation of E-Kinerja application. Using data collected from a research of 553 respondents users' E-Kinerja applications through the Partial Lest Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) method, interestingly results have shown that User Confirmation, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness are strongly positive and create significant effect towards User Satisfaction. Whereas User Satisfaction had impacted positively to the Use and Net Benefit. However data also indicate that User Satisfaction is critical and bring no effect towards Continuance Intention to Use. In addition, Use and Net Benefit convey important impact positively to the users' continuance intention.

The disinfectant spraying activity includes a part of efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Spraying is usually done by manual method. This condition results in uneven spraying and it takes a long time. So, automatic disinfectant sprayers is the way to resolve this problem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of disinfectant spray devices based on drones. The application of automation is obtained from the use of drone technology and testing the spraying in interval time. This research is conducted by using a drone design study method and field testing. The design of the drone as a spray tool is based on the basic assembled X6 tarot framework. The drone that will be used later can lift up to 6 kg as a maximum weight. The design stage begins by conducting a literature study of the type of control use. Control settings are made by calibrating the device to the drone's load to obtain the maximum movement. The use of drones for spraying disinfectant liquid is done by taking off using the flying mode automatically regulated through the Mission Planner software. The results showed that the prototype drone uses a 6-liter tank capacity with a flight time of 6-8. In this case, the use of drones as disinfectant sprayers can facilitate spraying activities and cut down on application time.

Stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) system is mostly required for the remote areas where the electricity is limited or not available from the grid. This study presents the simplified method to design system and analyse the economic aspect of the stand-alone PV system. The case study of providing electricity for public street lighting using PV system for remote area in Indonesia was conducted. First, the size of PV system was estimated based on the daily electricity consumption and the peak solar hour (PSH) on the site location of the project, so the requirements of the components were obtained. Second, the components selection was performed by surveying the information from the components manufacturers which met with the requirement of the system. Third, economic analysis was performed by considering the capital cost and the final specific energy electric cost. The public street lighting used 80 W lamp and was operated for 12 hours per day. The result showed that the total capital cost for the system was 8,031,400 IDR (551 USD) and the final specific energy cost at 1,960 IDR/kWh (0.13 USD/kWh). The largest portion of capital cost was for the battery as energy storage which took 38% of the total capital cost.

Electrical energy has become a major requirement in supporting daily activities. The use of electricity in the community is increasing, while the supply of electrical energy is limited. Natural resources in the form of petroleum, coal as the main raw material in producing electrical energy are running low. Therefore, it is necessary to think of alternative solutions to save the use of electrical energy and one solution that can be done is to conserve energy. Energy conservation can be done in various ways, one of which is to use energy efficiently following needs. Electric lights are one of the objects being studied in the conservation of electrical energy. This study aims to examine the energy conservation in the use of electrical energy for lighting needs, namely the efficiency of CFL lamps (Compact Fluorescent Lamp), and LED lamps (Light Emitting Diodes) in terms of price, electricity consumption, and environmental heat generated. The research methodology used is an experiment by selecting and treating the lamp that is the object of research. The choice is based on the price of the lamp and the treatment that is done includes the provision of electric voltage and measured lighting intensity and the resulting ambient temperature. The results of the study are 1). the average price of CFL lamps is cheaper than LED lights. 2). strong lighting produced by the LED lights is greater (6.92 Lux/Watt) compared to CFL lamps (1.003 Lux/Watt) and 3). Environmental heat by CFL lamps is higher (35.4 0C) than LED lights (33.0 0C) and 4). Based on overall variables: price, lighting strength, and lamp temperature, LED lights are superior, especially on the resulting lighting strength. For conservation purposes, select the type of lamp according to the allotment of space and the value of the importance of space. If the consideration is lower prices, choose CFL lamps, but if the consideration is stronger, bigger lighting, choose LED lights.

One of the most important tasks in the telecommunication company is to maintain the customer churn rate and customer satisfaction level. These things can be maintained by evaluating the churn customer factors. The results of this evaluation can certainly be used to improve the services of the company, so that customers will be stopped from churn and customer satisfaction level will be increased. This condition indirectly provided positive effect on the environment by preventing e-waste of IT components. In this research study, customer churn factors from customer feedback were evaluated by using text mining, by targeting the postpaid customers in one of telecommunication company in Indonesia. In this research we used 3 classification methodology, Fast Large-Margin, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine. Fast Large-Margin classification methodology was the most accurate model in this research, was used to classify the customer feedback for five following customer churn factors in telecommunication industry: poor customer service, poor network, high cost of services, billing errors, and promotion seeking. The result shows that promotion seeking was the most factor that caused customer to churn during January and December 2019 period.

Photovoltaic can transform daylight into electrical power. The application of solar tracking system improves the efficiency of photovoltaic system by increasing solar radiation fall on PV's surface. This paper provides a low-cost solar tracking system based on image processing. Using Raspberry Pi Camera Board as a sensor to eliminate the need of another sensor. Image captured by camera fed to Raspberry Pi to calculate the position of the brightest sky body from the system's perspective. the proposed system will face to the east and go to sleep mode after the sun set and start to work after the sun rise. This dual-axis solar tracking system based on Raspberry Pi imaging works properly whether it's a sunny or heavily cloudy day.

Smart tourism is one component of smart village or smart city that aims to improve service quality of tourism. Smart tourism is expected to provide a better tourist experience for tourists by utilizing information technology. The purpose of this study is to develop for a culinary recommendation application to support smart tourism. Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) was employed to develop the application which is based on geographic information systems. The application gives culinary places' recommendation by considering several attributes, such as facilities, prices, menu variations, and distances (most recommender systems of culinary places do not use distance as the main attribute). In addition, this recommendation system is also one of the solutions in implementing green computing, namely "telecommuting" by reducing transportation emissions. Two test scenarios, namely user acceptance, and accuracy testing have been carried out. The user acceptance testing yielded 75.2% which indicated that the application was good, while the result of the accuracy testing was 83.33% which was considered high.

Load Cell Sensors are transducers (transducers, electronic components that can measure physical quantities into electrical signals) that can convert the pressure by the load into an electrical signal. IC HX711 is a weighing module, which has a working principle of converting the measured changes in resistance changes and converting them into voltage quantities through the existing circuit. Load cell and HX7411 are used to obtain data of weight which will be compared with a commercial digital weight scale that the accuracy has been verified. In collecting data of weight, there are several calculation methods including the mean, modus, and median method. This study aims to provide test results for the three methods with different variations in delay. Delay is used to avoid errors in taking data from the sensor directly and also to provide pauses for the sensor in real time data collection. The test was conducted with four human subjects who have differences in body weight. The variation of delay used is 250ms, 500ms, 750ms, and 1000ms. The test results show that when testing variations in body weight with a delay time of 250ms, the mean method has the best results with a value of n_mean = 2. In the 500ms delay test, the median method has the best results with the value n_median = 3. In the 500ms delay test, the mean and median methods have the same good results with values of n_mean = 2 and n_median = 2. In the 1000ms delay test, the median method has the best results with a value of n_median = 2. The results of the whole test show that the values of N_mean = 6, N_median = 8, and N_modus = 2 which indicate that the median method is the method that has the best level of precision.

In antenna design there are several antenna software that can be used to design for example CST, Microsoft office AWR, Advance Digital Signal (ADS). After calculating using the antenna formula, then it is designed using antenna software. Antennas are printed and measured to determine the performance parameters of the antenna. When designing by calculating using formulas, and software, which is then measured using the Vector Network Analyser (VNA). In this study, it can be seen the level of error using antenna software, as well as measurements on performance parameters. The antenna size is 49x49 mm² both using antenna software and measurement. The result of performance parameters return loss are -47.43 dB, bandwidth of 163.7 MHz and VSWR 1.009 using software at the frequency 2.4 GHz. The result performance parameters by measurement, return loss decreases to -12 dB, bandwidth of 119 MHz and VSWR 1.111 at frequency 2.334 GHz. The difference in the performance parameter values between software and measurement can be influenced by several factors are when printing antenna, soldering that is to hot causes copper in the antenna to become hot so it affects the propagation of electromagnetic waves.

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world has posed significant challenges for the world of higher education globally. The main challenge that is very urgent and inevitable for lecturing at the university is face-to-face in class but must be taught online. Online teaching and learning implies a certain pedagogical content knowledge, especially related to designing and organizing for a better learning experience and creating a different learning environment, and the role of information technology. This article, concludes that five things play a role in online learning, namely first, a reliable information technology facility to support access to online learning; Second, the need for teachers to make variations and innovations to deliver teaching material so that it attracts students; Third, it needs an in-depth study in practicum lectures; Lecturers can do a practicum with simulations. Fourth, there is a need for material to be delivered based on light, clear, concise and interactive principles. Fifth, there is an increase in student participation in online learning.

There are obstacles in the delivery of information during pre-engineering activities at the Vocational High School. There needs to be a system that makes it easy to deliver information from schools to students who carry out internship. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the evaluation of the usefulness of the task information learning system and the monitoring of student labor based on the SMS gateway with raspberry pi. The instrument used in usability testing is the Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaires: Psychometric Evaluation and Instructions for Use questionnaire developed by IBM for software usability measurement standards. The instrument for testing usability aspects with the Computer System Usability Questionnaires (CSUQ) questionnaire developed by IBM uses a Likert scale as a measurement scale. The data for the trial were 20 respondents consisting of adaptive normative subject teachers, internal engineering committee and smartschool developers. Based on the results of testing the quality of software developed on the usability aspect has a percentage of 85% or has a high quality scale and based on alpha cronbach calculations has a calculation result of 0.851 or has a "good" category. The SMS Gateway system with Raspberry Pi for Internship Assignment and Monitoring meets the usability aspect and is suitable for use.

Financial Services Industry (FSI) is a sector with day-to-day business transaction operation dealing with numbers of classified information owned by its customers. It can be managed by the private sector or other institutions pointed by the government, either it is a bank or an insurance company. Aiming to improve services, acquisitions between companies can occur. There will be a migration of applications and databases in the acquisition process. This process will present certain constraints and challenges and prone to data fraud. Improper handling will also have a negative impact on the environment, especially e-waste generation of IT components from financial sector due to company's acquisition case. So, study on database and application migration is important to be conducted. This research aims to identify constraints and challenge factors behind application and database migration in the FSI during a company acquisition. It uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach that examines as much data as possible regarding the subject under study. The case studies use a single-case method, considering that the cases studied are unique and essential. The migration methodology used in this study combines application migration and databases from previous research journals and is added to the processes that occur in the field. Two factors become obstacles and challenges in the migration process, namely technology and non-technological factors. Database migration strategy uses a big-bang strategy based on joint decisions between the business and IT teams. The organizational challenge is the approval process for the transfer of membership management and data conditions that require validation and confirmation before migration. This research suggests using a mature migration strategy to anticipate technical and organizational constraints applying clear and scheduled policies and regulations.

The spread of Covid-19 prevention has been carried out widely for example is the use of technology disinfectants. One of the development technologies at this time are drones. This study aims to design a UAV system as a disinfectant sprayer. Hexacopter is a type of drone that can fly more freely in the air that consists of 4 basic movements as throttle, roll motion, pitch motion, and yaw motion. The design method uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The analysis is needed including analysis of hardware and software requirements through a literature study. The design phase is designing concepts from the software. The development phase is to build-up the components into a drone. In the implementation phase by tool testing and an assessment of the implementation will be carried out. This research is an early part of the development of the UAV system. The results that design of UAV system consisting of components used Naza-M V2, a 23-inch propeller mounted on a 180KV Hobbywing X6 motor, ESC 80A, and a 12S 44.2V battery. Based on the results of hexacopter testing that can fly for 6 minutes, the weight is 10kg and works well in spraying disinfectants.

Twitter is currently one of the most popular social media in the world. Indonesia ranked in 8th the most Twitter users from all over the world with the 10.65 million users. President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, was ranked 8th leader with the most followers on Twitter, with 11 million users. Everyone can express or give an opinion on something or what they thought through social media including create or spreading the hate speech. One result of this hate speech can lead to mass demonstrations which can result in environmental destruction. Our research focused on sentiment analysis of hate speech towards Indonesian president by comparing the performance between Random Forest algorithm and Support Vector Machine algorithm to prevent the negative result of hate speech that can be happen in the future. This research obtained 550 tweets and labelled manually whether it is categorized as a hate speech or not and divided into each of 275 data for positive and negative sentiments. Random Forest classifier has the best performance by combining gini criterion with the number of trees 128 with the result of the accuracy score is 76.7%, precision score 82.7%, recall score 64%, and F1 score 73.3%. Support Vector Machine classifier has the best performance by combining the linear kernel type and set the C parameter to 100 with the result of the accuracy score at 74.7%, precision score 100%, recall score 49.3%, and F1 score 66.1%. Random Forest classifier performs its best in scoring F1 score, accuracy, and recall while Support Vector Machine classifier performs its best in scoring precision. Based on the results, Random Forest classifier for hate speech detection can be applied for hate speech detection to prevent damaging the environment as it shows better score on accuracy and F1 score than Support Vector Machine Classifier.

This study aims for optimizing Double Inverted Pendulum (DIP) for swing then standing up within the stipulated time, and then can be stable even with any noise outside. The differences character outputs were applied to assess the robustness of proposed algorithm. This problem is worthy to examining, because in the controlling field, the stable position need in the matter of time; so then, the faster is the better sometime not necessary even dangerous. For example in comfortably of car's suspension controlling system, the smoother suspension does not mean the faster stability, unless the comfortably never occurs. The difficulty is happened due to unknown model to optimize; it becomes the more complexity problem. In the real problem, even the model sometime cannot represent the whole of controlling system, especially in the controlling system. Facing the problem above, this study was succeeding for solving the problem via Uniform Design (UD) NeuralNetwork-Hybrid Multi Objectives Uniform Design Genetic Algorithm (UniNeuro-HUDMOGA). This proposed algorithm begins with 40 experiments designed by Uniform Design for generating predicting model (metamodel). Then, the metamodel is using for cost function in Hybrid UD Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (HUDMOGA) within UD, Pareto filtering and Euclidean distance together applies for enhancing the searching GA performance for search the best setting. Finally, the input setting recommendation is confirming using DIP equipment. As the result, the DIP can be controlled as correlated with the specification set. These results prove that the proposed algorithm can be applied to control a complex system that requires multi objectives.

Smart Micro Grid in household areas aims to meet electricity needs through the integration between state power plant with renewable energy sources so that the electricity used does not depend entirely on state utility. Smart Micro Grid also enables the availability of energy management services supported by Machine Learning (ML) technology, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and smart sensors so that consumer use of electricity is more efficient. To improve energy management services and distribution of renewable energy sources, new innovations in ML technology are needed to produce accurate learning models that can be used in the energy analysis process, such as monitoring, prediction, forecasting, scheduling and decision-making. However, the complexity of the problems in the smart grid system, which includes uncertainty and non-linearity, affects the more complex the energy data structure generated. Therefore, the simple ML method will not be able to perform the Learning process because it is limited to simple raw data processing. Therefore, the Deep Learning (DL) method can be used as a Learning method on data that has a complex and large structure. In this paper, Deep Neural Network (DNN) method will be developed using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as a Learning model to provide Future Accurate Prediction (FAP) on electricity use and on renewable energy plants. Prediction test using Confusion Matrix accuracy value and RMSE error value

Considering the increase in national electricity demand by an average of 6% per year, especially for areas outside of Java that are far from the electricity grid, to meet the electricity needs generally use expensive Diesel Power Plants or small-scale steam power plants with low efficiency. On the other hand, outside of Java has the potential of abundant biomass and waste, which includes biomass from forest waste, plantations of more than 100,000,000 tons used as electrical energy will obtain greater than 1,000Mwe. The potential of this electrical energy will be able to support national energy supply especially in outside Java regions. while at present the performance of conventional steam power plant-small capacity below 5 Mw which has been installed. At this time the efficiency is still low at around 20%. So, we need an electric biomass fuel technology power plant that has better performance. In this analysis, it is proposed that an alternative solution is to use an Organic Rankine cycle-ORC power plant that uses organic working fluids that have lower evaporation temperatures than water. By using this ORC plant that uses n-Pentane as its organic working fluid, it is estimated that the efficiency can be greater than 25%, and environmentally more friendly.

The abundance of rice husk waste in Indonesia and more than 50% of its cellulose content have the potential to become environmentally friendly and renewable energy, including biopellet. The purpose of this research aims to evaluate the addition of adhesives to the biopellet production. Tapioca flour used as adhesives which a concentration were 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w) of rice husk waste. Densification process of biopellet production was used by pellet mill machine with a capacity of 120 kg/h. The quality of biopellet product can fulfill the Indonesian biopellet national standard namely SNI 8021:2014. The characterization of biopellet product was to determined the quality of the fuel, which including test of density, water content, fixed carbon content, volatile matter content, and caloric value. The results shows that the characteristics of biopellet of rice husk waste contained tapioca flour concentration (% w/w) 10, 15, and 20 were 8.18, 8.88, 9.18% for water content; 0.81, 0.9, 0.9 g/cm3 of density; 12, 11.17, 11.95% of fly ash content; and 4068, 4013, 4004 cal/g of caloric value. Rice husk waste has the potential as a biopellet solid fuel.

tert-Butanol is widely used as a main solvent in the industries. The high purity of tert-butanol is required to fulfil the industrial standard for the solvent. Unfortunately, tert-butanol separation from water required a special distillation named extractive distillation due to the azeotropic point in the mixture. Thus, entrainer as a third component should be used to break the azeotropic point. Glycerol is one of the potential green entrainer used in the extractive distillation. The simulation of the extractive distillation using glycerol as entrainer for the separation of tert-butanol/water mixture was conducted in this study. The Aspen Plus Process Simulator V.10 was used to simulate the feasibility of the glycerol as an entrainer and determine the optimum operating condition of the extractive distillation and recovery column in the anhydrous tert-butanol production. The results show that the optimum configuration for the extractive distillation column design consists of the number of stages of 25, binary feed stage of 21, entrainer feed stage of 3, reflux ratio of 0.6, mixed feed temperature of 25°C, and an entrainer feed temperature of 45°C. The condenser and reboiler duties are -1171.04 kW and 1744.48 kW, respectively. Moreover, the tert-butanol purity with this configuration can be achieved up to 0.996 of mole fraction.

Mineral oil, which is the basis of petroleum, has long been used as an insulating and cooling medium for transformers. In fact the petroleum has a limited supply, over time it will run out, cannot be renewed, even petroleum is poisonous, cannot be decomposed. In this study, researchers used vegetable oil that is renewable, biodegradable, and safe for living things and the environment, namely olive oil with good quality, from the first pressed of olives, which is called extra virgin olive oil to be applied to transformers as an insulating and cooling medium. To determine the feasibility of using extra virgin olive oil as transformer oil, the test is to determine the value of the breakdown voltage. Breakdown voltage is the voltage value when the transformer components become connected because oil cannot perform its function as insulation. Tests carried out according to international standards IEC 156, 296 and SPLN 49-1. The breakdown voltage value at room temperature (28 °C) is 46.73 kV, at a temperature of 50 °C where the transformer operates is 48.31 kV. At a temperature of 50 °C the breakdown voltage value is higher due to heating which causes water content, air bubbles, and voids to be reduced.

This study aims to determine the effect of soursop leaf extraction as biodiesel antioxidants on the torque and power of diesel engines. Fuels were made by mixing the soursop leaf antioxidants of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, to 1 litre of B30 fuel. The fuels were applied to diesel-engine vehicles. Diesel engine performance was tested by a chassis dynamometer. The results showed that the use of an antioxidant mixture of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm in biodiesel caused a decrease in torque of 12.61%; 17.37%; 16.69% respectively, and the power was also decreased of 12.34%; 18.16% and 16.37% compared to biodiesel without antioxidant mixture.

The findings of this study was the Prototype Model of Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) for small water discharges (less than 10 Liters per Second), namely MHPP waterwheel and the Speed Converters from waterwheel to Dynamos, named "Converters" MHPP. This study was aimed to produce a prototype design of a wind turbine-based MHPP for small water discharge. This study used an engineering-based approach to the design of prototype MHPP. The design of the prototype MHPP for small water discharges (less than 10 liters per second) consists of 6 components, a wheel diameter of 4-5 meters, the turning machine from a pinwheel to a dynamo given the name "converter", Dynamo, House where the prototype MHPP, Conductor Network of MHPP to homes, and safety tanks and waterways.

Innovation of synthetic dyes successfully eliminated the utilisation of natural materials as textile dyes. Simplicity as well as variety of colours strongly increased the application of synthetic dyes. Nevertheless, environmental concern has lately forced the use of natural dyes. To simplify the usage of natural dyes, production of natural dyes powder is inevitable. Investigation was carried out to examine the effects of solvent and filler types on the yield, chromaticity, flavonoid content, and water content of natural dyes powder. In this work, Brachiaria mutica was used as a sample source. It was crushed and grinded before extracted using mixture of methanol and water as solvents at various methanol concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Extraction was carried out at a ratio of raw materials to solvent of 1:10. The filler of maltodextrine or gum arabic was added into dye extract before then converted into powder form by the aid of spray dryer. It was found that among the provided solvents, system using 50% methanol was considered to be optimal in resulting high yield as well as flavonoid content, while maltodextrine is chosen as providing better result than that of gum Arabic. Moreover, methanol concentration of 50% and 5% maltodextrine filler generated greyish yellow colour with the lowest water content of 0.9%.

Pineapple fibers are abundant natural fibers in Indonesia. Its utilization in the world of beauty still needs to be developed. The purpose of this research is to know the feasibility of using the pineapple leaf fiber as a material for making false eyelashes. This research uses the material of forest pineapple leaf fibers. The method of study used is a method of quantitative descriptive approach with the type of experimental research and perform the feasibility test of the utilization of pineapple leaf fiber as a material to make false eyelashes for party and to perform the test result of false eyelash for the party by utilizing pineapple leaf fiber as its manufacturing material. Results feasibility test of the utilization of pineapple leaf fiber as a material to manufacture false eyelashes for the party stated 87% very proper, the test results of false eyelash usage for a party 93% very proper

This study investigates the reduction of free fatty acids from the problem of used cooking oil in the food industry with bio-waste adsorbents such as banana peels—experimental conditions at the activation temperature of making activated carbon. Adsorption kinetics and temperature of activated effects were studied. Bio-char activated at 600, 650, and 700°C. The used cooking oil and activated carbon were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive, and BET analysis. Activated carbon has a surface area of 548 m²/g, with an average pore diameter of 35 nm (range of mesophore). As a result, bio-char activated at 700°C is best presented by a linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model suitable for describing the adsorption kinetic. The maximum adsorption capacity was 62 mg/g at 303 K. Carboxylic groups as free fatty acid was removed from used cooking oil used surface of activated carbon. Models best described the experimental data as with the higher values of the correlation coefficient (R²). The results of this study prove that the banana peel bio-waste ingredient, which is food waste, is a potential adsorbent to reduce free fatty acid levels to the standard of 0.3

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of the naphthol dye composition on the tie-dye results, and 2) to determine the best naphthol dye for tie-dye on primisima fabrics. This research is an experimental study with independent variables, namely the composition of the dye naphthol with a weight variation of 2 grams, 3 grams, and 4 grams AS.BO with a composition of 4 grams of BB salt and 6 grams of salt, and 8 grams of table salt. Dependent variable; the tie-dye results in primisima which are reviewed from the results of the color sharpness test and the sharpness of the motif test. Control variables: binding technique, dyeing technique, tools, and people working. The data collection method used in this research is observation. The data analysis technique used was a single ANOVA. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that: 1) there is an effect of the composition of the dye naphthol, namely 2 grams and 3 grams with a salt composition of 4 grams and 6 grams on the jumputan result on primisima cloth, and 2) the composition of 3 grams/liter naphthol ASBO and 4 grams/liter of BB salt has the sharpest color and motif.

Hand hygiene is one of the most important things in the spread of bacteria and virus. The spread of this organism can be stopped by cleaning hands either by washing or sanitizing. Water hyacinth extract contain high flavonoid and tannin which can be used as an active agent in hand sanitizer. Three different extract concentration were examined which are 8, 10 and 12%. Organoleptic test were conducted to examine the shape, colour and scent of the hand sanitizer. Biological test were performed to find the effectiveness of the hand sanitizer against the bacteria. The results showed that hand sanitizer product with 8% water hyacinth extract have better potential in killing the bacteria compared to the other concentration.

Yellow velvetleaf is a fast-growing plant. It cannot be optimally used, particularly the old leaves. Old yellow velvetleaf waste has not been used appropriately, even though it has more benefits and value. The leaves of yellow velvetleaf contain natural color of carotenoids and flavonoids which can be used for natural dyes. The potential color produced can possibly be applied for textile coloring colet technique using cold wax. The research method was carried out through experiments and data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results show that yellow velvetleaf can be used for colet coloring technique using cold wax, and the resulted colors differs depending on the mordant used. Color aging test shows that during the process of nglorod (wax exfoliating) using water, the darkest color was found in tunjung mordant with a color different of 81-100, belongs to "very dark" category. The test of fastness to rubbing shows score of 4 (good) for all samples. The highest result for motif sharpness test is found in the process of nglorod with water and tunjung mordant with color different of 81-100, which is categorized as "very sharp".

Batik is an Indonesian heritage that can use natural or synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are quite dangerous for the environment and human health. To reduce the use of synthetic dyes, brown seaweed (Sargassum duplicatum) extraction was conducted as a natural coloring. Brown seaweed is a plant that has the potential to an abundant amount of natural coloring in Indonesia. This research aims to obtain optimum conditions in the process of extracting brown seaweed using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The material used is brown seaweed obtained from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Indonesia, and ethanol as a solvent. The research variables are power 200; 400; 600 watts, 15 extraction time; 30; 45 minutes, and seaweed concentration 0.06; 0.12; 0.18%. To get the optimum conditions in the process of extracting brown seaweed, it uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that there were interactions between variables that affected the yield. Yield tends to increase with increasing power, time, and concentration of seaweed in the solvent. The optimum conditions of the extraction process in this study were at 400 watts power, 30 minutes, and seaweed concentration 0.12% with a yield of 3.87%..

Paper waste derived from the campus environment is paper waste which is generally a waste of tasks. Through knowledge, creativity, and paper waste skills can be utilized into something useful, having high artistic value. The purpose of this research is to increase the aesthetic value of paper waste with the process of reuse as a learning medium for wig making. Through the utilization of paper waste with the reuse process is expected to make something useful and valuable art. Qualitative descriptive development research was conducted to increase the aesthetic value of paper waste as a medium of learning wig making in hairpiece courses that have art value with the reuse process. validity results by 5 experts with an average of 97% and final product assessment results by 50 students obtained an average of 87.2% based on indicators of usability, design, flexibility, beauty, and creativity expressed to increase the aesthetic value of paper waste with the process of recycling as a learning medium of wig making is very feasible.

The solvent is a liquid that can dissolve or extract specific materials. Solvents are needed for most chemical transformations to increase contact between reagents and catalysts. It also holds an important role in many studies, industrial chemical processes, coatings, and formulations of consumer products, however, most of the hydrocarbon-based solvents based still contain high aromatic content of benzene, toluene, and xylene which are carcinogenic chemicals. The separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixture of C4-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbons is a complex process, due to its close boiling points and some combinations can form azeotropes. The general distillation process is not the right choice for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixture of C4-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Possible processes are liquid-liquid extraction, extractive distillation, and azeotropic distillation. In this study, extractive distillation using ASPEN Plus was performed to simulate the process. The crude feed composition used contains 77.13% aromatic compounds so that the separation technology used uses the extractive distillation process using sulfolane as a solvent. The variables used are the ratio of the crude feed to sulfolane (1:10, 1:15, 1:20), the number of stages (30, 40, 50), feed stage (15,20,25). Based on the simulation results, the best result was obtained by using the ratio of the crude feed to sulfolane of 1:10, with the number of stages 30, and the feed stage on the 25^th stage.

The traditional batik stamp (canting cap) is relatively expensive tool, made of copper. The lack and high price of copper made it difficult for batik stamp crafter to market their products, and made alternative materials from wood and paper/cardboard. The weakness of wood and paper stamp is that the resulting rough motifs and not long lasting. The use of used can is environmentally friendly, assure sustainability by recycling waste of cans which causes environmental problems. This study departs from research on the innovation of Cantik batik stamp made of biscuit can waste, focusing on the economic aspect of the innovations. This analysis was important to see the advantages and or weaknesses of the can stamp, as a basis for applying the research product in the batik stamp rafter community. Descriptive research was conducted for cost calculation, analysis of selling power, and service life. The cost of can batik stamp found cheaper than copper stamp, since the materials is low cost, though 21% copper content was still needed for isen-isen, ganjelan, and bajelan part. However the labor processing cost was equal. The processing time efficiency was lower, while level of difficulty in processing was higher, because cans are harder and more difficult to shape and cut compare with copper. The durability of the can batik stamp was lower than copper, because can is easily oxidized and corrosive, so it will be more difficult to maintain. The risk of rust can be reduced by processing the final stamp in hot gondorukem (resina colophonium). For long lasting product, the can stamp has to storage in a dry and low humidity place, in hung position.

One of the heavy metals contained in the electroplating industrial wastewater is zinc. Adsorption is found to be one of the most effective methods for zinc ion removal from aqueous solution due to low cost and simple to operate. The main purpose of this study was to use cotton (Ceiba pentandra) fiber as a precursor to developing a magnetic activated carbon (MAC) for zinc ion removal. The activation process was carried out using potassium hydroxide (KOH) by conventional heating using a tubular furnace at a temperature of 500°C for 2 hours under a stream of nitrogen (N₂), while the magnetization process was carried out using co-precipitation method. The adsorption of zinc ion onto MAC was recorded to be 96% at a solution pH of 5 and contact time of 180 min. The adsorption of zinc onto AC is fitted well by the Freundlich isotherm model, while the zinc-MAC system is described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. Meanwhile, the pseudo second order kinetic model is suitable for AC and MAC. Owing to low cost and high efficiency, MAC prepared from Ceiba pentandra fiber can be used as an effective adsorbent for zinc ion removal from industrial wastewater.

In the current Covid-19 era, personal protective equipment (PPE) is difficult to find and very much needed by medical personnel in service. People also need PPE to maintain health. Mask is one of the PPEs that is difficult to find and buy. Mostly, pharmacies run out of it and if there is any, the price goes up highly. UNNES, as a university, formed a COVID-19 Task Force during the Covid-19 period to help prevent the disease spread in the internal campus community. The UNNES Covid-19 Task Force prepared 3000 hand sanitizers and disinfectants, and 5100 masks for lecturers and staff. Fashion Design Major of Home Economics Department of Engineering Faculty of UNNES is appointed by the university to design and produce cloth masks to be distributed to lecturers and educational staff. The production of these UNNES non-medical masks went viral on social media and was even covered by a famous social media account named Lambe Turah. With various limitations, they produced 2-layer masks with pleated design on the outer side and a pocket on the inside that can be filled with a sheet of tissue as a filter. In addition, they also produced 2-layer cloth masks. A total of 4500 masks have been distributed to lecturers and staff for use. Moreover, there are 600 more masks that still need to be studied from the aspect of function, comfort and aesthetic and need to be tested in laboratory, particularly in the aspect of dust, microbes and air, as well as sterilization. Based on the above conditions, it is necessary to conduct research related to the analysis of mask quality developed and produced by Home Economics Department of Engineering Faculty of UNNES during the Covid-19 period. This study aims to describe the quality of cloth masks from the aspect of comfort and medical, such as the mask permeability and sterilization. The research approach was a survey based on user evaluation and experimentation through laboratory tests. The survey used a questionnaire via Google form to reveal the assessment of masks from the aspect of comfort. Experiments were carried out through sample tests for air permeability and sterilization in the health laboratory of PT Sucofindo, Semarang. The result of the research with respondents from lecturers and educational staff showed that the masks that had a very high quality is 50.71%; the ones with high quality is 37.14%; those which are moderate in quality is 3.51 and 0.71 had low quality. The laboratory test result of the UNNES non-medical mask based on the air permeability aspect showed that it had low air absorption because when it was tested using fire blow test, the fire did not go out. The sterility test results for non-medical cloth masks showed that they were not yet sterile. Non-medical masks already have very good quality in terms of comfort, function and aesthetic as well as low air absorption so that they are very useful for lecturers and staff to maintain health from the escalating Covid -19 pandemic. New non-medical cloth mask products are not sterile. Therefore, a thorough clean-up is required before using.

Synthetic dyes are usually carcinogenic, therefore it is necessary to use alternative dyes to reduce the use of synthetic dyes, namely by using natural dyes. This study aims at determining the potential of Laban leaves as a natural dye in silk fabrics. Extraction was done by boiling the leaves for 1 hour. The dyeing of the mordanted cloth was done 4 times. The dyed fabrics were treated with post mordanting using alum, calcium oxide and tunjung with a concentration of 50gr/l. Fabric testing was carried out by testing the color strength and color fastness to washing with soap. The results of the color strenght test showed that the highest value was obtained by the use of tunjung with a T% value of 88.96 for very dark criteria, then followed by calcium oxide mordant with a value of 30.20 and the lowest value on the use of alum mordant with a value of 20.97 for light criteria. The color fastness test to washing generated an average value of 4 which was in the good category.

Natural dyes are from parts of plant, such as leaves, fruit, flowers, seeds, roots and bark. Weed is one of the plants that can be used as natural dyes. This study aims to determine the potential of Songgolangit weeds as natural dyes on batik stamp. This research is an experimental research. The objects of this study are Songgolangit weeds, batik stamp and the fixation (tunjung, alum, and quicklime). The data was collected by looking at the catalog of textile dyes to find out the direction of the resulting color. The sharpness of the motif was tested by using organoleptic tests. The result of the color direction analysis of alum fixation is Hazelwood. The quicklime fixation result is Bone and the tunjung fixation result is Hazelnut. The sharpest motif is produced from tunjung fixation. In conclusion, Songgolangit weeds can be used as natural dyes of batik stamp. The direction of the color produced differs depending on the fixation substance used.

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of the disperse dye composition on the ICOLLET finished product, and 2) to determine the best disperse dye for ICOLLET products on hycon polyester chiffon fabric. This experimental research has independent variables of disperse dyes composition. The disperse dyes concentrations were 20 grams, 40 grams and 60 grams, respectively, while the dependent variable was the obtained color of ICOLLET on the hycon polyester chiffon fabric in terms of the fabric absorbency to the disperse dyes, the obtained color of ICOLLET and the level of preference of ICOLLET dyed hijab. The control variable were tying method, dabbing method, equipment and the operator. The data collection method used in this research was observation. Single ANOVA was used to analysis the data. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that disperse dyes composition affected the ICOLLET obtained product on hycon polyester chiffon fabric and system with 60 gram disperse dyes has the most absorbency generated the best motive compared to others.

Statistic based on BPJS data in 2019 have shown that the number of work accident recorded 77.295 cases and the construction sector is still the highest contributor to work accident cases in comparison to other sectors. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport accessibility project connects the northern perimeter road with the southern perimeter road with a total length of 4 km. This study focuses on the flyover construction, considering that is the highest risk on construction activities. Risk assessment tool on this research using HIRARC method. In general, there are three major steps of HIRARC; hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. Identifying hazard is a process to determine the risks of hazards that occure in construction work. Assessing risk of construction work calculated using likelihood and severity index. Then, the result of hazard identification and risk assessment, risk control are taken to mitigate the hazard risk. This study instrument used interviews and observations both used risk assessment sheet which filled by safety officers, safety supervisors, site engineers and site supervisors. There were 45 hazards identified for five construction work which are, (i) survey (ii) land clearing, (iii) excavation work, (iv) pilling work, and (v) bored pile work. The conclusion that can be drawn is that there are seven extreme risk at this project, i.e. (i) Workers fall into lake; (ii) Workers get hit by road users; (iii) The operator is exhausted; (iv) Crane wire rope failure; (v) Vibro hummer failure; (vi) Workers pinched by bracket formwork and (vii)Workers injured by pieces concrete pile cutting.

Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) has a spirit to become a Conservation and International Reputation University is realized through strategic missions. One of the conservation-oriented implementation programs is H-BAT (Green, Clean and Healthy) Program. In its implementation, there is a problem, namely the achievement of H-BAT Program has not been maximized during the last 3 years in assessment. The objectives of this research are: (1) to identify of the potential and character of environmental support in the work units; (2) to determine the achievement of the indication of a green campus based on the assessment indicators on H-BAT Program. This research was carried out in four stages: (1) Data collection; (2) Spatial data processing; (3) Non Spatial data processing; (4) Analysis (ecological, technical standards); The results achieved in June 2020 are as follows: FT got 87,50%, FE got 85,87%, FMIPA got 81,52%, BUHK got79,49%, FIP got 73,91%, LP3 got 69,23%, LP2M got 63,46%, FIS got 60,33%,PPS got 57,07%, FIK got 56,52%, FH got 52,72%, FBS got 49,46%, TIK got 40,38%, BPB got 34,62%, Library got 30,13%, Archive got 17,31%. From these results, it can be seen that there is a lack of maximum achievement due to, among others, the lack of guidance and technical assistance in the management of the unit. So it is necessary to complete governance guidelines and technical assistance that are more intensive in unit governance to achieve the goals of UNNES as a green campus.

In 2016, Indonesia is concerning about the acceleration of public infrastructure projects through the existence of government strategy projects that spread across several project sectors, including in highway projects. Totally, there is a 44 highway strategic project in Indonesia and several of them are currently in Central Java. Unfortunately, as a national strategic project, even though all of these projects are prioritized in their construction process, the implementation of the national strategic projects are faced up problems especially related to high pressure from the government that has an impact to project cost even causing cost overrun including in highway strategic project. The research aim is to analyze factors causing cost overrun in highway strategic project from owner and contractor perspectives. This study is limited to a case study in Pemalang-Batang Highway Strategic Project. The analysis of the study is using Risk Breakdown Structure to identify risk factors causing cost overrun. From a total of 14 risks identify, both parties agreed to design change as the most risk factor in causing cost overrun in highway strategic project in Indonesia.

The covid-19 pandemic case has changed the structure of life in all aspects throughout the world. The field of man-made environment or architecture is no exception. The interior arrangement of a building, as part of the man-made environment, is also affected. The interior design of a building today seems to be obliged to participate in following the standards of new health-protocols in the new normal era.What about the interior of the building that has already been utilized? Of course it requires further study to find out whether the interior of a building can be said to be healthy or not. This study aims to examine the interior design of the lecturer room E12 building 2^nd floor UNNES in terms of health that is emphasized from the behavior of its users by referring to the situation of the covid-19 pandemic and its future prospects. The research method used is by field observations to search visual data, observing user behavior and textual data. Those who are categorized as users of the lecturer room E12 building 2^nd floor UNNES are lecturers from the Department of Architecture, students, administrators and guests. The results of this study indicate that based on the pattern of user behavior and associated with the standard requirements of space, area, volume of space, material and infrastructure conditions, interior design of lecturer room E12 building 2^nd floor UNNES, is included in healthy category, although there are several minor corrections that can be included as suggestions for improvement in order to adjust to the new normal era during the covid-19 pandemic period and thereafter.

On-street-parking research has resulted in and conclusions to improve road capacity. The aims of this study to determine the existing condition of road capacity based on-street-park. Dynamic on-street-parking influenced by two indicators, space and time, as well as the scenarios needed if the road capacity does not support. Dynamic analysis was conducted twice, the first one is the study of the traffic volume on-road section with the dynamic parking and queue in each of the three zones in drop-off and pick-up areas. The parking analysis has already used to many studies [1] [2]. Whereas the equations have improved from traffic behaviour approach[3], and dynamic queuing equation model [4] are used for queue analysis [5]. From the results of the analysis, DS values for the road sections before and after the dropoff pick-up area were 0,044, while in the drop-off and pick-up area was 0,155. From the queue analysis, the value of ρ <1 is obtained for all zones. Based on a study location that has 4 lanes in direction, the road configuration scenario is not yet needed, but the road sections before and after the drop-off pick-up area will have a DS value of 0,75 in 2050, while the drop-off pick-up area in 2036. Further research needs to be done by calculating the road's effective-width due to vehicle parking manoeuvres.

The Semarang City Government has issued a Mayor Regulation on Green Buildings since 2019. Since then the construction of buildings with a certain floor area in Semarang City must follow this regulation. Evaluating implementation constraints related to green building construction based on the experience of the development actors, is an important thing to do. This study aims to identify obstacles in realizing green buildings in the city of Semarang. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire survey of respondents from development actors involved in green buildings such as contractors, consultants and project owners and bureaucratic officials related to green building licensing. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis to reach agreement between respondents. Next, a hierarchy of these constraints will be sought. Constraints found in realizing green buildings are: lack of socialization from the city government, alternative materials, lack of best practices, experts, and financing. For this reason, a strategy is needed to overcome these obstacles from every aspect or based on a combined consideration of all aspects.

This study focused on the modulus of rupture (MOR) for high strength self-compacting concrete (SCC) using varied metakaolin (MK) composition. The MOR significantly contributes to the resilience and mechanical performance of the rigid pavement, and is enhanced by modifying the regular concrete material. In addition, the MK is known to be potentially economical and occurs abundantly as natural resources. Plain concrete beams with dimensions 400 x 100 x 100 mm3, were tested in the laboratory in an effort to measure the MOR from varied MK composition for each specimen or modified concrete type. The result showed the MOR increase is exclusively as a result of additional metakaolin. Also, the newly modified material was proven to offer more advantages when applied as rigid pavement material. Furthermore, the analytical laboratory result showed the optimum MK dosage was estimated at 20% of the binder weight. This subsequently enhances the MOR by 17.28% compared to non-MK concrete.

Cirebon Regent's Office which is located within the Cirebon Regency Government Office Complex requires a change in the zones of spatial functions, spatial development and circulation patterns so that people can easily access them and get better services. Based on these thoughts, there is a need for redesigning of the Regent's Office. "Local Wisdom" Architectural Approach is an architectural approach that accommodates local cultural wisdom into architectural design concepts. The Cirebon Regency Government has already issued regulations on the application of local cultural wisdom to the architectural appearance of government buildings in Cirebon Regency. Based on data collection, analysis, and approaches, a design recommendation was obtained in the framework of redesigning the Cirebon Regent's Office with the local wisdom architectural approach in accordance with user needs and policies developed in Cirebon District. In the subsequent design process, aspects of architectural planning and design that have been analyzed are used as guidelines.

Changes in land use can lead to an increased risk of flooding in an area. One example of flood conditions due to land use change is that occurred in the Diponegoro University Campus area in Tembalang. Most parking lots in this area comprises of conventional paving block system. It is basically a permeable pavement types, but in reality, existing conventional paving block systems cannot infiltrate storm water into the soil. There are two possible causes: first, the type of paving block is not a permeable type of concrete paving block and the second is the open graded base (OGB) and subbase do not have a high permeability, or a combination of both. This condition generates stormwater runoff in this area to be high, and causes on site and/or out side inundation. In this study, permeable paving block system (P2BS) was developed to find the parking lots with zero runoff.

Concrete is the one of the building construction materials that has a high compressive strength, but it has lower tensile strength. The addition of fibers to concrete is expected to improve its mechanical properties. In this study, the concrete was added with Polypropylene (PP) fiber with a length of 12 mm. The compressive strength of concrete specimens was 20 MPa with the variety of fiber used was 0.5 kg/m³; 1 kg/m3; and 1.5 kg/m3. The test were conducted on 36 specimens in the form of cylinders and cubes. The tests were compressive strength, split tensile strength and water absorption at the age of 28 days. The highest value of the compressive strength of the fiber concrete was the amount of Polypropylene fiber 1 kg/m3, namely 2.92 MPa, increase of 6.92% of the compressive strength of concrete without additional fiber. The highest value for the split tensile strength in the amount of Polypropylene fiber 1 kg/m3 was 2.34 MPa or an increase of 21% from the tensile strength value of concrete without additional fiber. Meanwhile, the lowest water absorption capacity of concrete is the addition of 1.5 kg/m3 of fiber, which is 2.366% or has decreased by 64% from the concrete without fiber.

Start at present, investment in toll road construction is conventional investment in the form of investment within a certain period of time to obtain profits from the results of capital loans/financing obtained from toll revenues during toll road operation during the concession period by the BUJT. This means that BUJT has full authority over the implementation of road maintenance at the location of its concession. Hence toll road concessions have the obligation to maintain toll roads in accordance with minimum service standards using the company's toll road revenues. Thus, each BUJT has their own maintenance policy. Therefore, the management of toll roads that are managed on a concession basis can lead to differences in road damage management programs in each BUJT concession. This research assesses the road maintenance program planning on BUJT toll road concession holders to see the effectiveness BUJT in carrying out road maintenance regarding of the fulfillment of SPM. The result shows that the majority of BUJT has regularly carried out efforts to improve road functions, however they have the inadequacy in conduct conditions surveys by using equipment according to the standards. with "Undertake routine efforts throughout the year to maintain road conditions" being the highest mean whereas "Perform visual assessment on foot" has the lowest mean value. Moreover, it can be determine that the road damage frequency data found is with the an "Adverse Opinion" audit findings result that is conducted by BPJT with the most frequent damage and receive an "Adverse Opinion" of an audit result was potholes with mean value of 2.100 and 2,200 that is followed by Guardrail damage with mean value of 2,1667 and 2,200. While the least frequent damage in the toll road was Drainage cross section with mean value of 2.533 and 2,700 and Rutting with mean value of 2.400 and 2,633 subsequently for damage frequency and Adverse Opinion frequency.

A room can be said to be a good one if the lighting following the requirements of needs depends on the function of the room. The room studied in this study was a drawing studio room in E12 Building, Faculty of Engineering UNNES. This room has a condition where the spread of light entering from the window is uneven so during the day the lights must always be turned on. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the lighting intensity of the drawing studio space. This research was conducted using descriptive and evaluative methods. The data obtained is sourced from the results of direct light intensity measurements on the object of research conducted in the morning, afternoon, and evening for three days using a lux meter and measurements made referring to SNI 16-7062-2004 about measuring the intensity of lighting at work. The results of the measurement of lighting intensity in the image studio room will be compared with the SNI recommended standards. According to SNI 03-6575-2001, the standard requirement for a lux studio drawing space is 750 lux. The result, both when the lamp is turned on and the lamp turns off the measurement results do not meet the standards. It is recommended to increase the intensity of artificial lighting (lights) in the drawing studio until it meets the SNI 750 lux standard. From the results of calculations with the lumen method, it is recommended to replace each lamp with a lamp that has a light current of 9360 lumens.

Global climate change is causing an increase in the intensity of rainfall in Indonesia. This causes an increased risk of flooding because it is not supported by changes in infrastructure planning and water resource management. Infrastructure construction, especially roads, sidewalks, and parking lots, still uses waterproof construction such as asphalt and concrete. This waterproof construction causes rainwater to not infiltrate to soil layers and consequently rainwater runoff increases. The increasing intensity of rainfall that is not compensated by an increase in infiltration areas causes an increase in the risk of flooding. Therefore, the design of a mixture of concrete bricks that has a high level of permeability needs to be developed to reduce the risk of flooding. This research was conducted by making test samples of four mixture design. The design approach is carried out by varying the proportions between coarse and fine aggregates, and the water-cement ratio. The infiltration testing method was also conducted to accommodate research needs. Based on the analysis, for paving block with an aggregate-cement ratio of 4 by volume, the optimum water-cement ratio was 0.40 with a permeability level of 630 mm/hour and compressive strength of 21.29 MPa.

Perumda Surakarta is a company that serves the water needs of the people in Surakarta. In 2018, Perumda Surakarta had 58871 customers. Household customers with very low or unrecorded water usage were 7000. Very low water consumption is water usage of less than 3 m³/month. Very low or unrecorded use of water has an impact on company revenues that decline. One of the causes of very low or unrecorded water use is abnormal water meter conditions. The aim is to determine whether water consumption is very low or not recorded. This research was carried out on the water meter condition for household customers in Perumda Surakarta. This research used a survey method with mWater application and data analysis using the SPSS application. The results showed that 5268 (75.26%) inhabited houses, while 1732 (24.74%) were not inhabited. 4766 (89.34%) inhabited houses have water meters, while those without water meters are 502 (9.53%). The inhabited houses that have normal water meters are 2504 (52.54%), while those with not normal water meters are 2262 (47.46%). The survey data also states that the inhabited houses with the water meter have a pipe leak before the water meter is 117 (2.45%) and that use a water source other than Perumda Surakarta is 3109 (65.23%).

Reducing CO₂ in nature is the reason for the development of alternative technologies such as mortar geopolymers. This will have an impact on reducing the use of Portland cement. Moreover, the potential of local materials is also feasible to be developed especially contains an ingredient that can support environmentally friendly alternative materials. This study aims to determine the mechanical behavior of geopolymer mortars that consist of sand, fly ash type F from Tanjungjati Jepara, white soil from Kupang NTT (as substitution of fly ash), and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 8M as an activator. The specimens were cube 5x5x5 cm³ and molds similar to number eight. The mix proportion was 1 binder : 3 sand. Binder is a mixture of fly ash, white soil, and KOH 8M solution with w/b of 0.5. Mortar dried in the oven until 24 hours at 60 °C. Specimens were tested for compressive and tensile strength, density, and porosity within a specified time. The results show that the substitution of white soil in geopolymer mortar can increase of the compressive and tensile strength, increase porosity, and make the weight of volume the mortar become lighter. The substitution of white soil at 10, 20, and 25% shows a trend that has a better result than the others, while the substitution of 5% has not been effected yet.

In designing a building, the shape and facade have a very important role. Green building is a high-performance building designed to be responsive to the environment, economically sufficient profit, and as a healthy place to live and work (environmentally responsible, economically profitable, and healthy places to live and work). The concept of 'green' is not just a current trend, but must be treated as a basic principle when we start designing buildings. The characteristics that emerge from the design of the shape and facade of a building will form the image of the building itself. To find out the explanation of the concept of the shape and facade of a building, in this research qualitative research with content analysis method is used, through a study of the main building with a case study of the building of LP2M UNNES Sekaran Gunungpati Campus by applying descriptive analysis content. From the analysis study, it will be known that the building has undergone a transformation in the form of addition and subtraction. In designing environmentally friendly buildings is actually a process. The goal is not to make a perfect building, but rather to create a better building. One of the advantages gained in applying the Green Building concept is efficiency. In terms of the facade of the LP2M UNNES building, it appears that in the processing of the embodiment of the shape of the building, of course it is also influenced by material elements, color, proportion, rhythm, and texture. From these studies it is expected that the facade elements of the appearance of a building will show the identity and character of the building.

Time delay in construction projects causing not only extended duration but also excessive project costs. It is needed by both owner and contractors to have good understanding to delay factors in construction project. The research aim is assesing delay factors in construction project from owner and contractors point of view. Questionnaire was used in this research and data were analyzed through Kendall's W test using SPSS programme. This research has analyzed 15 delay factors in construction projecy i.e land acquisition delay, location, social, contract change order (CCO), rework, quality of subcontractor, delay in permits, poor planning, unstable material price, law and regulation, owner required, inflation, payment delay, cash flow and bad weather. The research finding land acquisition delay as the top of delay factors in construction project in Indonesia.

This research examined the effect of flour making method using chemicals on the soaking process of taro tubers. Method 1 was done by soaking taro tubers in 500 ppm sodium metabisulfite solution. Method 2 was done by soaking in warm water at 40 ° C for 3 hours followed by immersing in 10% NaCl solution for 1 hour, Method 3 was done by immersing in a brine solution (1 teaspoon in 5 liters of water) for 20 minutes followed by soaking it again in a sodium metabisulfite solution (1 gram per 1 liter of water) for 20 minutes. In related to the proximate composition in taro flour, the result showed that the flour making that uses sodium metabisulfite (Na₂S₂O₅) soaking method produces the best protein and crude fiber content of 3.158% and 4.080%, respectively. The taro cookie making that uses flour that is immersed in sodium metabisulfite (Na₂S₂O₅) produces the best protein, crude fiber and energy content of 2.091%, 2.820% and 588.897% respectively. This is because the first method only uses one immersion process that is using sodium metabisulfite, while the second and third methods go through two immersion processes. It can be concluded that the flour making method using a soaking process with 500 ppm sodium metabisulfite solution can increase the benefit of using taro flour.

The purpose of this research is food diversification based on the optimal use of local foodstuffs of cassava and tempe flour, and to increase public food consumption pattern of non-rice food by making analog rice fortified with cassava flour and protein tempe flour using cold extrusion method as functional food for vegetarians. This research method consisted of manufacture of cassava flour; manufacture composite flour with ratio of cassava flour and tempe flour (45% : 5%, 40% : 10%, 35% : 15%) wt., synthesis of analog rice, and analog rice characteristics analysis. The parameters observed were proximate analysis which include of carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, and water content analysis; fiber content analysis; water absorption analysis; bulk density analysis; and rehydration time analysis. The results of this research showed that the variables of 35% wt. of cassava flour and 15% wt. tempe flour results the best analog rice obtained 73,23% carbohydrate content; 18,97% protein content; 3,19% fat content; 1,87% water content; 2,44% ash content; 0,15% fiber content; with water absorption 121,8%; bulk density 0,5633g/ml; and rehydration time 7,1 minutes. it is necessary for technology in analog rice molding so that the products produced are more uniform and shaped like rice. It's necessary to test the resistance of analog rice products.

The use of parijoto/showy Asian grape fruit (Medinella speciosa L) extract in the making of dodol ganyong (sweet canna tubers sugar palm-based confection) can increase its shelf life up to more than 6 months. In the next study, dodol with additional red fermented rice extract up to 100% of the basic ingredients which was extracted using water as the solvent increased the beta carotene content up to 87 µg and the antioxidant capacity by around 10%. These conditions indicate that adding antioxidant sources can improve the quality of dodol. However, the addition must be significant enough so that it does not only increase the antioxidant capacity, but also preserves the life. The up to 10% increase in the antioxidant capacity is sufficient to prevent dodol from rancidity but is unable to avoid the microbial growth on the dodol. The ineffectiveness of the antioxidant use in the previous study is suspected due to the incompatibility of the extraction solvent used. Antioxidant compounds can be optimally dissolved in the extraction process if it uses a solvent with compatible electronegativity. In previous research, the making of dodol using parijoto fruit which was extracted using water successfully preserved the dodol and avoided rancidity and xerophilic fungi growth. This study re-examined the use of 4 different solvents in the extraction of Parijoto fruit in the making of sticky rice dodol. The solvents are water, 3% of soda water, 96% of ethanol and 96% of acetone. To have a good quality dodol, the extraction of Parijoto fruit using each solvent was examined by observing the level of extraction efficiency, tannin level as the indicator of anti-microbial and antioxidant capacity. The research data showed that the highest extraction efficiency level of Parijoto fruit was found in the extraction using water and soda water 3% (79% and 78%). The highest tannin level was found in the extraction of parijoto fruit using 96% ethanol (30mgTAE /100g), while the lowest was found in the extraction with water (3.5 mg TAE/100g) as the solvent. Sequentially, the highest antioxidant capacity level of Parijoto fruit extract is produced when 96% of ethanol (75%), 96% of acetone (72%), 3% of soda water (60%) and water (53%) are used as solvents. The extractions of antioxidant capacity from Parijoto fruit using 4 types of solvents were all classified as "satisfactory".

Research objectives: 1) to find result of different percentage Moringa leaf flour addition by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%. 2) to find the energy content, protein and iron in the instant porridge with Moringa leaf flour addition. 3) to find out the elderly's acceptability of instant porridge with Moringa leaf flour addition. The experimental design used was the One short case study. The data analysis method used was the single classification variant analysis method followed by the tukey test, while the elderly's acceptability was analysed by using preference test. The study results are: 1) The tenderness texture of Moringa leaf instant porridge is different and the after taste is bitter. 2) The energy content test result of 0% to 15% Moringa leaf powder addition is ranging from 228.7 to 456.1 kcal. The protein content of instant porridge with 0% to 15% Moringa leaf powder addition ranges from 9.0-19.8 grams and the iron content of instant porridge with 0% to 15% Moringa leaf powder addition ranges from 4.5 to 5.1 mg. 3) The elderly's acceptability of the sample with 0%, 5% and 10% Moringa leaf powder addition belongs to "like" criteria while for the sample with 15% Moringa leaf powder addition belongs to the criteria "average" criteria. Conclusion: 1) Differences are found in the normal porridge and instant porridge with Moringa leaf flour addition. 2) the highest nutrient content is found in the sample with 15% Moringa leaf flour addition. 3) the highest acceptance of elderly is found in the sample with 0% Moringa leaf flour addition. Based on the research result, it is suggested to use moringa leaves which are often harvested periodically and add salt in the boiling leaves to get rid the bitterness.

Amorphophallus oncophyllus or commonly known as porang is a group of Aracea tubers. Porang has a high economic value and prebiotic source of oligosaccharides because it contains glucomannan. Porang flour contains about 67.5% glucomannan. Glucomannan is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in the food, beverage and cosmetics products industry and as an ingredient for supplements and food additives because of its high fibres content. In this study, glucomannan purification can be optimized by using chemicals with modified maceration techniques with a stirring and washing machine using ethanol and glucomannan analysis using phenol sulphuric acid test in order to determine the decrease in sugar in porang flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the highest glucomannan content from several parameters such as the concentration of hydrochloric acid catalyst, stirring time, temperature, and the ratio of samples to solvents. The optimum conditions for the extraction process were at 0.7 M hydrochloric acid catalyst concentration, stirring time for 1 hour, temperature at 70°C and the ratio of samples to solvents was 1:5. Therefore, the optimum glucomannan content obtained from extraction using hydrochloric acid catalyst reached 95.85%.

The general objective of the study is to develop a fish processing of technology to improve total nutritional consumption for children under five years old in the area around the Campus of Semarang University (UNNES). Specific objectives are included: 1) Making prototypes of technology processing freshwater fish based (FWF). 2) To analyse protein and calcium levels, 3) Identifying the level of fish consumption of the children under five years old, 4) To analyse the total nutritional consumption of children under five years old. The study used a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) of children under five years old in the area around the Campus of UNNES. Retrieval of consumption data was done using the Food Consumption Recall (FCR) method and nutritional status with anthropometry. The result of the study is to prototype FWF nuggets n sausage given to the children under five years old in the feeding group model. The protein content of FWF nuggets and sausage are 14.91% and 13.81% as well as calcium are 1.95% and 1.88%. The children under five years old 100% like FWF nuggets and sausage. Consumption of fish and total nutrition consumption in children under five years old is improved (p <0.05). The results of the research can be used to develop FWF-based of nutrition improvement program to support the GEMARIKAN programme.