Table of contents

5th International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development (CEESD 2020) in conjunction with International Conference on Water Security and Management (WSM 2020) were successfully held as an on-line conference on Dec.04, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference was originally planned to be held in Xishuangbanna, China from Dec. 3 to 6, 2020.

CEESD 2020 and WSM 2020 provided a useful platform for researchers to share their latest results and exchange of ideas on topics related to Environmental Engineering, Sustainable Development, Water Security and Management. The conferences attracted 38 participants from the USA, UK, Germany, The Czech Republic, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Canada, Australia, Japan, Nigeria, China, etc.

The success of the conference is reflected by the high quality of the papers presented. The conference proceedings consist of 22 accepted papers in the areas of Environmental Science and Technology, Modeling of Environmental Systems and Sustainable resources and natural resources management.

List of Conference Co-Chair and International Program Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double-blind

• Conference submission management system: Link to CMT (management system) https://cmt3.research.microsoft.com/CEESD2020

• Number of submissions received: 53

• Number of submissions sent for review: 42

• Number of submissions accepted: 25

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 60%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 20

• Any additional info on review process:

• Contact person for queries: Yury Yu, Asia Pacific Institute of Science and Engineering (yury@apise.org)

With increasing industrial growth, there is a greater need to understand factory production processes, the resulting products, and the pollution caused by the fabrication processes leading to these products. Cadmium (Cd) is used in the electro-less Nickel-Cadmium bath phase of the brake manufacturing process, which provides the brake coating that produces corrosion-resistant brake parts. During the operation, the friction created during braking corrodes the Cd layer and releases Cd particles into the environment. Cd particles can enter water bodies and drinking water supplies through stormwater runoff. This research will first examine Cd pollution associated with motor vehicle brake discs from cradle to grave. Following this comprehensive look into the role of Cd in the brake manufacturing process as well as Cd speciation in natural waters, three interventions are proposed to prevent Cd pollution associated with brake parts: (i) Carbon-reinforced silicon carbide as an alternative for metal based brake parts; (ii) bacteria "coating" instead of Cd coating; (iii) permeable roads that can effectively remove Cd from runoff with nearly 98% reduction. A discussion into the advantages and disadvantages of each proposition are provided with this presentation.

Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in water environment such as pesticides, personal care products (PPCPs), and industrial materials have the characteristics including low concentration, wide distribution range, stable chemical structure. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a new biological treatment method. The device combines the advantages of membrane filtration technology and biological treatment process. What the performance of AnMBR for TrOCs removal should be noticed. Some research is focusing on this question, and most of research found that AnMBR has shown great promises in the application of the removal of TrOCs in wastewater treatment. This paper briefly overviews recent processes of different types of AnMBR for the removal of different types of TrOCs with the influence of kinds of factors such as temperature, salinity etc. We mainly discussed the construction of AnMBR, the classification of TrOCs, and the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), the removal efficiency of TrOCs, and the biogas production. For the types of AnMBRs, the removal efficiency of COD and TrOCs and biogas production are excellent. Also, the removal efficiency of TrOCs is very related to the types of the contaminants. AnMBR is not only a practical choice for TrOCs removal, but also a good choice for following sustainable development because of the good biogas production. In addition, challenges of the future research are discussed also at the end of this review to give other researchers new perspectives and ideas.

Sediment pollution has been one of the most serious water pollution problems in urban rivers, called the 'autogenous pollution', which has also caused critical ecological risk to river as well as surrounding environment. Therefore, quantitative analysis of sediment pollution is of great importance to come up with a treatment scheme. In this study, comprehensive pollution analysis of contaminants has been conducted for various vertical stratifications using 86 columnar samples with depth of 3∼4 m. Pollution assessments of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, toxic substances and heavy metal elements were conducted. Then, the comprehensive pollution depths can be determined based on pollution assessment of each vertical layer, which shows that the maximum pollution depth can be up to 2.0 m, 3.0 m and 3.0 m for Reach A, Reach B and Reach C, respectively. The results has been used to determine the spatially changing thickness in environmental protection dredging in Maozhou River.

Water scarcity is increasingly encouraging water-saving techniques and urban water management schemes committed to reducing the consumption of natural resources and the effects on the ecosystem. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of water supplies is required to design strategies for safe and effective use of water. Water management networks are complex. Consumption of water is affected by various variables, and therefore, the relationship of these variables is also complex. This study examines water consumption determinants in the State of Qatar, focusing on the factors linked to seasonal months by using a multiple linear regression model. The regression model was developed to accurately estimate the water consumption in Qatar to help the government's plan for water usage in Qatar. The results of the model shows that the temperature-related regression coefficient is associated with an increase in water consumption per capita. In addition, an increase in population density for each unit is correlated with a decrease in water consumption per capita.

Molecularly imprinted polymers are functional polymers for selective recognition of imprinted molecules, which may have a wide range of applications in separation and purification, environmental monitoring, etc. Chitosan has excellent chelation for metal ions, being widely used in food, environmental protection, etc. In this paper, chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres were prepared by using natural product chitosan as functional monomer, silane-doped, Cu(II) as template ion and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The adsorption properties of the chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres for Cu( II) were studied by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The experimental results showed that the adsorbability of Cu(II) on the chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres was better than that of chitosan/silica non imprinted microspheres. The results of orthogonal test showed that the order of influence on the adsorption capacity of the chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres was chitosan, glutaraldehyde, Cu(II) and silane. Under the optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres for Cu(II) could reach 33.38mg/g. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the diameter of the chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres was lower than 3 urn. Chitosan/silica Cu(II) imprinted microspheres were obviously harder than chitosan Cu(II) imprinted microspheres.

The unfolding of Circular Economy principles will have consequences on the generation rate, amount, and composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as well as the preferred methods to treat them. In this work, four plausible scenarios on the future of MSW for the period 2020 – 2035 have been developed for the City of Oslo, Norway. The scenario's consequences on (1) MSW amounts and properties and (2) the treatment methods, i.e. Waste-to-Energy (WtE), material recycling and biogas production have been evaluated. The main results can be summarized as such: (1) the evolution of both population and consumption (i.e. waste generated per inhabitant) will have a large impact; (2) meeting EU material recovery target (65% for MSW in 2035) means that several waste fractions have to be recycled at high levels, and this will be challenging without significant logistical and/or treatment capacity changes and/or technological breakthroughs, (3) in 2 out of 4 scenarios, the biogas production capacity must be expanded with a new plant to reach the 65% recovery target, (4) a "business as usual" approach is not sufficient to reach the recovery targets, (5) the combustion properties of MSW to WtE will be affected by increasing recycling, probably towards lower energy contents and higher ash contents and (6) "what-if scenario" studies should be carried out at the city/regional level as specific constraints must be included to bring valuable information.

With the continuous increase of installed capacity of large photovoltaic power stations, the light intensity and temperature changes of photovoltaic power generation units themselves will cause grid-connected voltage fluctuation or even beyond the limit, so large photovoltaic power stations must participate in voltage regulation control. To solve this problem, the voltage distribution characteristics of the photovoltaic power station are firstly analyzed quantitatively, and the analysis shows the voltages at the photovoltaic inverter buses are relevant with the impedance of the collecting lines, the voltage at the PCC point, the location of the photovoltaic unit, and the output power of the photovoltaic unit. Furthermore, our work proposes the reactive power distribution strategy and voltage control strategy of photovoltaic power station based on particle swarm algorithm, and the correctness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation, so as to ensure the rationality of the voltage control target of each photovoltaic inverters while taking into account the voltage of each photovoltaic unit.

The Belt and Road is the abbreviation of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The countries along the Belt and Road routes are generally highly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change, so it is urgent to design a service platform for climate change prediction and monitoring. In this paper, based on the various demands of climate change prediction and monitoring, we analyzed the importance of the establishment of a climate service platform and the main measures to improve the capabilities of climate service platform. According to the principle of "refinement, systematization and specialization", a meteorological service platform was designed, which are based on space remote sensing, supplemented by airborne remote sensing, and verified by the ground observation network to verify that the real-time monitoring and prediction of sky and ground integration. The platform can provide scientific basis for the countries along the routes, and improve the infrastructure construction progress and personnel safety along the Belt and Road.

When the waste containing ammonia nitrogen is removed by electric flocculation circulating aquaculture, not only the colloidal impurities and suspended impurities are coagulated and precipitated, but also a variety of pollutants and bacteria in the water can be removed due to the oxidation of the anode and the reduction of the cathode. In this project, PWM (pulse width modulation) technology is used to overcome the power consumption problem of traditional electric flocculation method, high-voltage pulse and anode-cathode pole exchange technology is used to overcome the iron consumption and plate passivation problem, and echelon potential method is used to solve the difficulty of plate exchange. Compared with the traditional chemical and biological treatment technology, electrocoagulation can ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture without adding oxidants, flocculants and other chemicals. At present, electronic technology and Internet of things technology are used in aquaculture fields to monitor the water quality data in the pond and control the growth of aquaculture organisms in the most suitable environment in real time, so as to increase income, reduce human power and save water and electricity. Therefore, with mature sensing technology, IOT, Im, cloud computing, big data and AI, we can build an intelligent aquaculture production, marketing and digital service system to improve the overall production efficiency, energy and quality, and accelerate the transformation of aquaculture industry.

In this study, a fuzzy chance-constrained programming (FCCP) method is developed to synergetic plan water-food nexus (WFN) system under dual uncertainties. The developed method can tackle uncertainties expressed as probabilistic distribution and flexible parameter. Then, a FCCP-WFN model is formulated for the city of Jinan (China), in which 72 scenarios are designed with the consideration of different food demand levels, constraint-violation risk levels, and satisfactory degrees. Results indicate that (i) surface water would be the main water source for Jinan (accounting for 62.7% of water supply), and agriculture would be the largest water consumer (accounting for 55.5% of water allocation), therefore, rational management of surface water and reduction of agricultural water allocation are essential to alleviate the water shortage problem in Jinan; (ii) the annual arable land area is 628.4×10³ ha to 683.4×10³ ha, of which grain crops account for 62.1%, and the sufficient grain planting area can ensure food security in Jinan; (iii) uncertainties have significant influence on water allocation schemes, thus, managers should consider the impact of uncertainties during decision-making process, and make different management schemes according to different attitudes to system risks under undetermined conditions.

Humankind is continuously exposed to nitrate through water and food. Excessive intake of nitrate could lead to health problems. Among the food products consumed by human beings, both fresh and processed vegetables are the major source of dietary nitrate intake. In this study, investigations on nitrate contents in vegetables are conducted in the northern part of China and the watershed of Lake Tega in Japan. Four groups of vegetables, leafy, brassica, root and tuber, and fruiting, were sampled for testing. The study focuses on the differences of the nitrate distributions in various crops. As a developed country, Japan has a much stricter regulation on the utilization of nitrogen in fertilizers, with a recommended yield goal N rate of 250 kg/ha/year. Whereas in China, the recommended N rate is 450 kg/ha/year. Meanwhile, the watershed of Lake Tega in Japan has an average annual precipitation of 1348 mm, which is much higher than the Northern part of China. High concentration of nitrate was found in vegetables grown in both Northern China and the watershed of Lake Tega, although the social and environmental conditions are drastically different in these two regions.

We identify stochastic process models describing the time series of inflow and outflow discharges of Obara Dam in Hii River, Japan. These models are based on tempered stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (TSOU) processes that have not been utilized in hydrological analysis but can capture both large and small fluctuation of the time series data. In addition, the models can be exactly simulated in a statistical sense by utilizing a recent tailored discretization algorithm, serving as efficient stochastic tools. We show that the identified models accurately reproduce statistical moments of the time series data and probability density functions. Based on the mathematical framework of backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE), the identified model is applied to a unique dynamic stochastic analysis of dissolved silicon (DSi) load flowing into the reservoir associated with Obara Dam. We thus contribute to the first application of TSOU processes and a BSDE to hydrological analysis.

Linking administrative law enforcement and criminal justice in environmental management promotes the cooperation between environmental administrative law enforcement departments and criminal justice institutions in combating environmental crimes and ensuring environmental safety. Problems arise in their joint efforts in combating environmental crimes in recent years, such as low case-transfer rate, unclear transfer criteria, difficulty in evidence conversion and test identification, as well as unavailability to network information-sharing platforms. It is imperative to build up evaluation system, standardize case transfer criteria, clarify evidence conversion rules, and establish network information-sharing platforms. Only in this way can the two laws converge effectively, and a harmonious environmental management order be maintained.

Qiantang River Estuary, as one of main fresh water resources for urban zone, has been threatened by salt water intrusion. Due to the combined influence of tide and runoff, the mechanism of saltwater intrusion is extremely complex. In view of this, research on the variation characteristics of chlorinity along Qiantang River Estuary is conducted based on chlorinity data. Further, analysis on effects that tide and upstream runoff exerting on chlorinity at intake is carried out to ensure urban water security. The chlorinity and tide data was obtained synchronously from automatic real-time monitoring systems at Zhakou, Qibao, Cangqian, Yanguan and Ganpu stations with sampling interval of 5 minutes. Results show that chlorinity Yanguan and Ganpu are mainly influenced by tide with period of 12.4 h; chlorinity at other stations are affected by runoff obviously. The peak chlorinity values at all observed stations increase with increase of tide ranges. The increase of upstream runoff enables to reduce the peak chlorinity. It is feasible to extract water under average tide and average runoff.

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a critical sustainable development theory in the urban water environment, which is attracting more and more attention worldwide. Meanwhile, as an island country, Japan attaches great importance to water resources and water environment, and have achieved fruitful result in urban water management. Based on the framework of WSUD, this research introduces Japan's practical experience from the perspectives of water source protection, flood control, and waterfront space landscape, aiming to summarise Japan's experience and provide a new perspective. By explaining the thoughts of water sensitivity design contained in Japanese practice, this research expands the scope of WSUD, provides a meaningful research framework for Japanese researchers, and provides compelling cases for researchers on water-sensitive design around the world.

Flood system is a complex system affected by many control factors and has typical system characteristics, such as irreversibility, fuzzy characteristics, gray characteristics, etc. Catastrophe theory is a well developed singularity theory, which has been initially applied in some leaping disaster systems. However, in the field of flood risk management, the application of catastrophe theory is relatively few. In this paper, a small watershed in the mountainous area of southwest China is taken for an example. The catastrophe assessment theory is adopted to conduct flood risk assessment. By analyzing the characteristics of the flood system and selecting flood risk factors, the flood risk assessment index system is established and the catastrophe theory flood risk assessment model is conducted, thus conducting flood risk zoning and management according to the assessment result, which provides a new reliable method for flood risk assessment and offers foundation for disaster reduction department.

The flow pattern of the water with vegetation is complex. For the micro-bend channel which has compound cross-sections and has vegetation on the slope, the situation is more complex. This paper measures and analyses the hydraulic characteristics of the micro-bend channel with trapezoidal cross-sections and with vegetation on the slope,by using the ACM2-RS electromagnetic flow meter. The influence of vegetation structure changes on the hydraulic characteristics are further analysed, which includes flow velocity distribution, turbulence intensity and channel roughness. Studies have shown that, with the decrease of the rigidity of vegetation density, the sinuosity of the hydrodynamic axis increases, the longitudinal velocity of each section in the main channel has an obvious trend of decrease. Besides, the longitudinal and lateral turbulence intensity keeps constant in the main channel, have obvious decreasing trends on the slopes. In addition, river manning roughness coefficient increases with the increase of rigid vegetation density.

Flood risk management has undergone significant transformations during the recent past. Climate change is very likely to bring a higher probability of extrememe weather events. Climate change is a significant challenge for urban growth in costal delta cities. Transformation of floodplains for urban development is a vital component of flood exposure, and changes in this component can lead to variations in flood risk. Socio ecological system conceptualizations suggests that resilience is the key to managing complex systems and to reduce vulnerability which is a result from the inherent uncertainty of flood risk. Theoretical understanding of flood risk management has advanced over the years but it is still seen that there are shortcomings in the operationalization concepts and methods. One of the main reason is lack of a common framework for clear recognition and understanding of the components of flood risk management for all stakeholders. Therefore, this research has questioned the current status of flood risk management and provide recommendations for operationalization. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multi-criteria analysis technique that can be applied for structuring of complex decision-making problems involving multiple stakeholders, and scenarios. Therefore, this paper has developed a solution model for structuring the complexity of flood risk management and increase the certainty of the objectives of stakeholders. Result of the study has highlighted the main criteria and the sub criteria to structure the complexity of the planning process for operationalization of flood risk management.

The emergence of new technologies, such as blockchain, Big Data, etc., provides fundamentally new opportunities for the formation of distributed databases necessary for assessing and managing hydrological risks in urbanized areas. At the same time, the use of the most modern technologies is based on adequate modeling and forecasting of hydrological processes, which, in the context of climatic changes and poorly predicted meteorological events for the long term, require close attention and understanding. The article deals with the tasks of risk assessment and prevention of damage from hazardous hydrological processes (rainfall floods, floods, mudflows, etc.) in framework of the Smart City Concept. Natural and anthropogenic factors of floods, methods of risk assessment and risk management in flooded areas are discussed. The issues of hazardous hydrological processes predictability and damage assessment are discussed. Sufficiency and effectiveness of the decisions made in the field of minimizing the negative impact of water, sufficiency of forces and means to ensure population safety and economic facilities are assessed on the example of the Kuban River basin.

An unconventional reservoir is a term to describe a hydrocarbon resource that could not be technically or economically recoverable without stimulation. Unconventional oil and gas resources are 4-5 times over conventional oil and gas resources. Currently, there is a limitation for using slick-water volume fracturing and gas (water) injection adding energy for drainage and displacement individually. Also, the efficient hydrocarbons production from the high-temperature unconventional reservoir is the main challenge. In the current study, a CO₂ based viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid with a specific molar ratio of erucic acid, 2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-triazaundecane, potassium hydroxide, and carbon dioxide (EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO₂) was developed as a good candidate for high-temperature and water alternating treatment for high-temperature unconventional reservoirs. The fracturing fluid will play the role of "one with multi-purpose" by proppant-carrying, CO₂ energy supplementary displacement, and surfactant imbibition drainage displacement. The fracturing fluid (EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO₂) performance evaluation method for determination of shear and heat resistance, viscoelasticity, proppant carrying capacity, gel breaking ability, and salt tolerance is employed as evaluation indices by using HTHP rheometer. The rheological results of steady shear viscosity of the fracturing fluid system confirm that the EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO₂ was observed in the properties of a wormlike micelles (WLMs) structure, micelles assembly, and the intermolecular interactions. The steady shear viscosity above 41 mPa.s at a shear rate of 170 s^‒1 and temperature 95 °C validates the excellent proppant carrying capacity as per national industry standards of the fracturing process. Further, the gel structure breaking at temperature 135 °C and 170 s^‒1 bear the shear viscosity less than 5 mPa.s, which results in a rapid flow back from the well after the fracturing process. Moreover, the fluid system has high salt tolerance against different inorganic salts such as NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, and MgCl₂ using different concentrations. By retaining the desirable qualities such as; easy to prepare, environment friendly, commercially available, high in viscoelasticity, and thermally stable; the fracturing fluid system (EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO₂) will be an outstanding candidate in industrial applications like water-alternating and high-temperature unconventional reservoirs.

This paper analyzes the resource allocation effect of the Energy Internet through four theoretical analysis frameworks: Cournot model, time and space heterogeneity, information asymmetry, and structural upgrading. The study found that there are four path mechanisms for the Energy Internet to improve the effect of resource allocation: (1) Significantly increase the main body of energy supply and increase the level of market competition; (2) Distributed power and storage technology optimize the space-time allocation; (3) Information sharing, Reduce information asymmetry and improve the efficiency of resource allocation; (4) Advocate clean replacement and promote the upgrading of energy structure. Combining the case verification mechanism of Tianjin Sino-Singapore Eco-City, and presenting policy implications.

Firstly analyzes the global energy development, analyzes the impact of carbon emission reduction on the global energy structure, and forecasts the future energy demand and nuclear energy development prospects in the future (by 2040). The growth rate will be higher than the average growth rate of energy; China is one of the countries with the strongest growth in nuclear energy. Then analyzes China primary energy production and consumption, the conclusion is that the absolute production and consumption of non-fossil energy is steadily increasing year by year. According to China's "Two centenary goals" development goals and future global energy demand and structure (up to 2050) to measure the future installed capacity of nuclear powers, conclusion is that China "Two centenary goals" goals on nuclear power generation capacity is 3.08 million kWh, 10.15 million kWh; Based on the structure of global energy demand and China development policy, it is estimated that China nuclear power generation will be 0.4 million kWh by 2020 and 1.81 million kWh by 2050.Finally, according to the estimated nuclear power installed capacity under different scenarios, calculate the corresponding number of nuclear safety management talents in the future. The conclusion is that China should give full support to nuclear safety management talents development.