Comparison of CFL lights and led lights reviewed from the side of the price, strong light and heat caused

Electrical energy has become a major requirement in supporting daily activities. The use of electricity in the community is increasing, while the supply of electrical energy is limited. Natural resources in the form of petroleum, coal as the main raw material in producing electrical energy are running low. Therefore, it is necessary to think of alternative solutions to save the use of electrical energy and one solution that can be done is to conserve energy. Energy conservation can be done in various ways, one of which is to use energy efficiently following needs. Electric lights are one of the objects being studied in the conservation of electrical energy. This study aims to examine the energy conservation in the use of electrical energy for lighting needs, namely the efficiency of CFL lamps (Compact Fluorescent Lamp), and LED lamps (Light Emitting Diodes) in terms of price, electricity consumption, and environmental heat generated. The research methodology used is an experiment by selecting and treating the lamp that is the object of research. The choice is based on the price of the lamp and the treatment that is done includes the provision of electric voltage and measured lighting intensity and the resulting ambient temperature. The results of the study are 1). the average price of CFL lamps is cheaper than LED lights. 2). strong lighting produced by the LED lights is greater (6.92 Lux/Watt) compared to CFL lamps (1.003 Lux/Watt) and 3). Environmental heat by CFL lamps is higher (35.4 0C) than LED lights (33.0 0C) and 4). Based on overall variables: price, lighting strength, and lamp temperature, LED lights are superior, especially on the resulting lighting strength. For conservation purposes, select the type of lamp according to the allotment of space and the value of the importance of space. If the consideration is lower prices, choose CFL lamps, but if the consideration is stronger, bigger lighting, choose LED lights.


Introduction
Electrical energy is one of the energies needed in everyday life. Currently, electrical energy has become the main requirement as a driving force for daily activities. Over time, the need for electrical energy use in the community is increasing, while the supply of available electrical energy has limitations because natural resources in the form of oil and coal as the main raw materials for producing electrical energy are running low. This situation requires efforts to manage the energy available today and in the future. Efforts that can be done are using renewable energy to produce electrical energy and conserve energy. Conservation is an effort to regularly maintain and protect something to prevent damage and destruction through preserving, preserving, and preserving. One form of conservation is the use of clean energy. This pillar aims to save energy through a series of policies and actions in utilizing energy wisely, as well as developing environmentally friendly renewable energy.
Energy conservation is the management of energy and its use wisely and ensuring the sustainability of the energy supply. Energy conservation is the use of energy efficiently without reducing energy use which is needed. Energy conservation is one solution that can be taken when the need for electrical energy consumption in households or offices continues to increase. The basic principle of energy efficiency is the ability to use less energy to perform the same functions and performance [1].
One of the main functions of electrical energy is for the lighting system. As much as 50% of the electricity load in Indonesia comes from lighting [3] Lighting is the main need for basic electricity use for the community. Efforts to conserve the use of electrical energy in the lighting system are by reducing the use of electrical energy by choosing the type of lighting. The use of energy-efficient lamps can be a solution in efforts to conserve electrical energy.
The development of lamp production in the market is currently dominated by energy-saving lamps. Energy-saving lamps are lamps that consume minimal electrical power, but produce visible light that is used as much as possible [2]. There are various kinds of lamps on the market, including incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes, CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamps), and LED (Light Emitting Diodes) lamps. In choosing the type of lamp used, the public uses more considerations of affordable prices and is widely sold in the market, even though the use of energy-saving lamps to conserve electrical energy that must be considered is energy savings, namely choosing lamps with small Watt but light intensity. or Lux is big.
Energy-saving lamps that are widely circulating in the market and widely used by the public are CFL lamps and LED lamps. CFL lamps are a type of tube lamp (Tube Lamp-TL) that has been used by the public so far, while LED lamps are a type of lamp that uses an LED light source. Regarding which type of lamp is better, it is necessary to carry out further studies regarding the economic aspects of using the two lamps in both technical and cost considerations. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comparative study of the two types of lamps to determine their efficiency and economic value.
Regarding efforts to determine efficiency and economic value, the following problems are formulated: 1. How do the prices compare between CFL and LED lamps at various power and price variations? 2. How does electric power consumption compare between CFL and LED lamps at various power and price variations? 3. How do you compare the environmental heat generated between CFL and LED lamps at various power and price variations? Based on this research, it is expected that the comparison of the economic value and efficiency of CFL and LED lamps with various price and power variations can be seen. These results are expected to help people in choosing lamps with economic value and high efficiency to use. The effort was made to achieve one form of electrical energy conservation, namely saving electrical energy efficiently without reducing the use of energy that is needed, especially for lighting.
According to Government Regulation no. 70 of 2009, energy conservation is defined as a systematic, planned, and integrated effort to conserve domestic energy resources and increase the efficiency of their utilization. Based on this definition, every energy user must utilize this energy efficiently and efficiently. Energy conservation is carried out to obtain energy savings without reducing the quality of energy use.
Conservation according to Putra et al [5] is the act of reducing the amount of energy use or optimal energy use following needs so that it will reduce energy costs incurred. The objective of energy conservation is to maintain the preservation of natural resources in the form of energy sources through a policy of selecting technology and utilizing energy efficiently and rationally to realize the ability to supply energy. Energy conservation is carried out as an effort to increase the efficiency of electrical energy. Energy efficiency according to [4] is a general term that refers to using less energy to produce the same amount of service or useful output. This efficiency can be done by using lamps with high efficiency [7] CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) is a type of fluorescent lamp made to replace incandescent/tungsten lamps (incandescent lamps). Compared to tungsten lamps, with the same illumination wattage, CFL lamps use less energy. CFL lamps are fluorescent lamps that are shaped like tungsten lamps, or incandescent lamps. Common CFL lamps use 220 Volt AC voltage. CFL lamps have several different forms, including the Essential Type CFL, which is a straight-shaped CFL, then there is also a Tornado Type CFL, a spiral-shaped CFL lamp and there is also a CFL lamp with the PL Type (radius), namely the PL-S, PL-C, and PL-L. The series of CFL lamps consist of a glass discharge tube, tube reflection clip, mounting plate, electronic ballast components, polycarbonate housing, ecison screw base, discharge path, phosphor coating, electrodes, bridge, base pins, rfi suppression capacitor, and starter, which are one unit incorporated in the CFL lamp array.
Currently, LED lights are widely used by the community. LED lamps have many advantages compared to other types of lamps. The advantages of LED lamps include saving electricity costs, being more environmentally friendly, and more durable than other types of lamps [7]. LEDs are semiconductors that convert electrical energy into light when an electric current passes it. LED is a solid and hard device so that it has a long life. This type of lamp uses relatively low power consumption over a longer life. The advantages of LED lamps according to Suwandi and Farian [7] are: (1) they have a longer service life than ordinary lamps; (2) has an energy efficiency of up to 80-90 percent; (3) The light produced by the LED lamp is not hot; (4) the light produced by the LED lamp also does not distort the surrounding color, so it is safer to use for street lighting; (5) smaller size so that it can be applied more practically; (6) does not contain mercury so it is more environmentally friendly; and (7) with a suitable optical lens, the LED light can be directed as desired.
While the shortcomings of LED lamps according to Suwandi and Farian [7] include: (1) the price of LED lamps is still relatively expensive, (2) the ambient temperature can affect the life of the LED lamps; and (3) light intensity which is small. LEDs have a higher lumen per watt rating than TL and CFL lamps. The various kinds of LED lamps include: tube type LED lamps, bulb type LED lamps, downlight type LED lamps.
Praveen et al.
[8] measured variation of case and junction temperature and the optical characteristic of LED for different heat sinks. They found that heat sink with higher surface area shows the best result in terms of lower case and junction temperature. The higher luminous intensity was observed for the parallel fin type 1 heat sink due to the higher surface area. The thermal analysis of an 80 W LED streetlamp was investigated by Luo et al. [9]. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature points at the aluminium base and fins. It was revealed that the temperatures near the chip were nearly the same. The numerical results of the thermal resistance analysis showed that at an environment temperature of 45 o C, the maximum junction temperature of the LED chips on the present 80 W LED street lamp would be equal to the critical temperature120 o C leading to poor reliability and lower life andoptical efficiency of the LED street lamp. Ahn et al. [10] investigate the energy use in commercial buildings by evaluating lighting energy saving methods and the effect of using dimmer controls with a heat control method, which can both maximize the cooling load reduction during summer and save energy. They found that the total energy from the reference commercial building could be decreased by 20.9% by replacing LFL T12 bulbs with LEDs, together with an additional saving of 19.9% in cooling energy by using the lighting heat & dimming control method.

Research Methods
The research was conducted in the Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Semarang State University. To be able to measure the magnitude of light intensity (Lux) which is pure only from the light source without any environmental reflectance factors, a black box with dimensions of 1 m long, 1 m wide, and 1 m high is used and all the inner walls are painted black.
For research data collection, the samples in this study are: 1. 9 CFL lamps with a combination of 3 power variations and 3 variations of lamp brands with low, medium, and expensive price categories. 2. 9 LED lamps with a combination of 3 variations of power and 3 variations of lamp brands with low, medium, and expensive price categories. The research approach is experimental research. Experiments were conducted to measure the strength of illumination (Lux) and heat generated (heat in the light source and heat in the environment) by CFL and LED lamps for 3 variations of different lamp brands with low, medium, and expensive price categories.
The research data was collected in a black box where all types of lamps, both CFL and LED, were given a voltage of 220 Volt and the measured variables were: 1. strong luminance (Lux) produced by CFL and LED lamps 2. The measured heat in the light source of CFL and LED lamps 3. The measured heat in the environment (a distance of 1m-at the bottom of the BlackBox) from the light source of CFL and LED lamps Meanwhile, the 3 variations of different lamp brands were taken from the low, medium, and expensive price categories. The measuring instruments used are: 1. Semens digital Lux meter for measuring illumination intensity (Lux) 2. Sanwa digital multimeter to measure power and voltage (Volt) The digital thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the light source and the ambient temperature. The selection and use of digital measuring instruments are intended to obtain more valid or accurate data.

Research Results
The results of the study for a comparison in terms of price, consumption of electrical power, and environmental heat are as follows:

Price Based Lamp Category
The research sample lamps were purchased not only from one lighting shop but from various lighting stores. The purchase of lamps is not only from one shop because it is necessary to obtain several lamps The average CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) price is Rp. 22,166, -(twenty-two thousand one hundred sixty-six thousand rupiah). Please note, this price standard cannot be used as a benchmark, or in other words, it is not valid because several sample lamps are not purchased from the same shop so that the price of the lamps cannot be compared. Badalex ---√ 9 Watt 8,000,-3.
Philips ---√ 10 Watt 40,000,-Average price: Rp. 28.000,-Unlike CFL lamps, the LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps have a higher average price of Rp. 28,000, -(twenty-eight thousand rupiah) per lamp unit. As with CFL lamps, this price standard cannot be used as a benchmark, or in other words, it is less valid because several sample lamps are not purchased from the same shop so that the lamp prices cannot be compared.

Lamp Category Based on The Strength of The Resulting Luminance
The resulting luminous strength (Lux) from various types of CFL lamps is illustrated in Table 3 below: