Table of contents

The 1st International Recent Trends in Engineering, Advanced Computing and Technology Conference (RETREAT) 2020 is organised by MN Smart Solution, Malaysia in collaboration with Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, University College TATI, Malaysia, National Graduate School of Engineering and Research Center, France and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.

This conference provides lots of networking opportunities to scholars, professors and practitioners for corporate and development sectors. The scope of this conference is broad and covers many aspects of international technology perspectives. This conference aims to provide scholarly platform to participants to share their valuable knowledge and current information with others.

The conference is expected to attract the participation of academics, researchers and professional practitioners of 'engineering', 'computing' and 'sciences' in Malaysia and also abroad. Knowledge sharing of ideas among academics and professionals has the potential to bridge the gaps and build an understanding on the various aspects of 'engineering', 'computing' and 'sciences' nationally or internationally.

As concerns increased over the pandemic of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), the organising committee had changed the meeting of RETREAT 2020 from a physical to virtual format. The meeting had moved to virtual instead of being postponed due to the fact that we do not know when the pandemic situation will be over, subsequently concerned about the safety of our participants.

The dates of the virtual conference remained unchanged from the initial proposed dates, which are on 1-3 December 2020 supposedly to be held in Paris, France. The talks of each presenter are limited to not more than 10 minutes per presentation (including Q&A sessions). The participants are located in their own location, since the Restriction of Movement Order (RMO) had been imposed not only in Malaysia (starting from 18 March 2020), but also other parts of the world as a measure to curb the outbreak. Thus, we had used Google Meet as our main platform/technology to deliver the conference here from Malaysia.

List of Committees, Editors are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe)

○ Single-blind

• Conference submission management system:

○ Conference Bay (ConfBay) Submission System

• Number of submissions received:

○ 149

• Number of submissions sent for review:

○ 149

• Number of submissions accepted:

○ 126

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100):

○ 84.56%

• Average number of reviews per paper:

○ 2

• Total number of reviewers involved:

○ 28

• Any additional info on review process:

○ Revised/Camera-Ready papers are necessary to be submitted, where the revised full papers are after authors had considered the comments given by Reviewers.

○ All authors must consider/make the recommended modifications if their papers are to be accepted by the organiser for submission to the publisher.

○ The publisher's editorial team will make the final review prior to publication.

• Contact person for queries:

○ Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus (syzul@unimap.edu.my)

○ Ts. Dr. Wan Azani Wan Mustafa (wanazani@unimap.edu.my)

○ Dr. Mohd Aminudin Jamlos (mohdaminudin@unimap.edu.my)

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the force output during lunge exercises with different loadings; i) high load forward lunge (70% 1RM) and ii) low load forward lunge (30% 1RM). Thirty recreationally active, untrained men were recruited and were assigned to perform forward lunge with 70% 1RM (70FL) and 30% 1RM (30FL) with both their dominant and non-dominant leg. For both dominant and non-dominant leg, all the force variables during 70FL were significantly greater compared to 30FL. Results also showed that time to peak force and stance time was significantly shorter during 30FL compared to 70FL. Besides that, all the force variables were greater in the dominant limb compared to the non-dominant limb. Time to peak force and stance time were also shorter in dominant limb compared to the non-dominant limb. As the conclusion, assymetries exist among untrained men during forward lunge exercise for both low loads and high loads.

This paper presents the development of two independent control algorithms for an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS). It is a mitigation tool to mitigate power interruption. The UPS circuit consists of a bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converter, a rechargeable battery and a DC-AC/AC-DC converter. The bidirectional DC-DC converter has a function of charging (buck) or discharging (boost) the battery for maintaining DC-link voltage connected to the DC-AC/AC-DC converter. During the normal mode operation, the DC-AC/AC-DC converter supplies voltage to the bidirectional converter by performing AC to DC conversion. Instead, during the backup mode, the converter supplies voltage to the load by performing DC to AC conversion. In this work, a single-loop voltage control algorithm regulates the bidirectional converter. For the DC-AC/AC-DC converter, a multi-loop control algorithm regulates the output current using the inner loop and the output voltage using the outer loop. MATLAB/Simulink simulates the UPS to determine its performance during normal and backup mode operation. From the simulation results, both independent control algorithms can regulate the operation of both converters during both modes of operation. As a result, the UPS system is capable of supplying sinusoidal waveforms with low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of output current and output voltage. Both THD values are below 4%.

In Nigeria and numerous nations of the world, steel is mainly created from purifying of metal scrap and hundreds of tonnes of steel slag are manufactured each year. This study investigated the effect of water-cement ratios (w/c) on the optimum replacement of crushed stone with Prism Nigeria Slag (PNS) in concrete production. PNS were used to substitute crushed stone by 0, 40, 50 and 60%. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with w/c of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7. Concrete cubes and cylindrical concrete specimens were cast and cured in water for 7 and 28 days. The behaviour of the hardened concrete shows consistent decreased in compressive and split tensile strengths with increase in w/c. The optimum replacement at 28th days curing for compressive strength was observed at 60% PNS for all w/c. However, the optimum replacement of split tensile strength for w/c of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.7 was found to be 60% PNS while 0.5 w/c had optimum replacement of 40% PNS. The study concluded that 60% PNS with w/c of 0.4 would produce a concrete of high compressive and split tensile strengths than traditional concrete for mix ratio 1:2:4.

The impact of digital modulation techniques used in Long Term Evolution (LTE) when applied to radio over fibre for fifth-generation systems has been analysed and evaluated in this paper. The analyses are based on the measured BER and the observed eye-diagram with quality factors for the different modulation techniques such as QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, and 256 QAM. A fibre length between 5 km and 100 km is adopted to showcase the best configuration at a particular length that can support 5G systems. Huge bandwidth and low latency with high spectral efficiency are needed to accommodate 5G applications in areas of critical surgery, home automation, smart transportation, security, and smart cities via IoT among others. Recent researches are focusing on a synergy between the wireless systems and optical network systems to enhance the transmission of RF signals from a central location to a separate unit of the radio element known as the remote radio head (radio over fibre). This technology merges the optical networks and microwaves to provide a possible solution to increase channel capacity, mobility, and reduced the cost of the access network for customers' comfort. The whole system link is simulated using a commercial optical simulator Optisystem 17.

Model implementation is a tedious process. The theoretical studies of a concept and its implementation are quite challenging. One of the biggest challenges is to identify a model's elements, especially when it involves integrating two or more complex and dynamic fields into one combined model. This research aims to identify the implementation elements of a shariah compliant business analytics model called Halal Supply Chain Management Transactions (HSCMT) Model. This research used Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in order to qualitatively analyse the Critical Success Factor (CSF) of HSCMT, which produced the HSCMT Model implementation elements. The CSF Analysis results showed that there were 19 related CSF elements with emphasis of 57.9% on external factors and 89.5% on building-adapting factors. Results also showed that the most important aspect of HSCMT were environmental factors, followed by factors of SME owners and their organization, the Halal industry, and lastly the role of financial institutes. This proves that both SLR and CSF can be used as integration tools in identifying a model's implementation element, thus improving data collections method for models when researching in a movement constraint period such as during a pandemic outbreak.

The unavailability of as-built drawings and population data in primarily rural east central Java, Indonesia, presents a challenge to effectively estimate the total demand of a proposed large-scale retrofit water supply scheme. A simple RGB color detection method is employed to analyse satellite imageries extracted from Google Earth. The applicable range of RGB spectrum for typical rooftops is ascertained based on image inspection and the candidate areas identified are filtered, smoothened and manually cleaned-up to produce the total built-up area by pixel calibration. Water demand is then estimated based on assumed population equivalent per standard residential unit and consumption rate. The preliminary estimate is further corroborated with the most recent census and population growth rate. Result show that the approach taken is a cost-effective and efficient way for large-scale areal approximation.

Microwave imaging system is classified as non-invasive, simple to perform and inexpensive compared to MRI and X-Ray machine. Therefore, the novel idea of this research work is to develop a Chimera Grid Scheme (CGS) incorporate with the microwave inverse scattering technique in a low cost, non-ionising and safe short-range. The CGS with spline interpolation in Forward Backward Time-Stepping (FBTS) inversion technique can determined an accurate result especially for the biological anomalies like breast tumours at an early curable stage due to the high electrical properties contrast between malignant cells and normal cells. The findings showed that the proposed method successfully detected and reconstructed the breast structure in relative permittivity profiles. The quantitative information of reconstructed images, such as location, shape, size and internal composition also can be obtained. Furthermore, the normalised functional error for proposed method was also lower than the FDTD method in FBTS. At 150^th iteration, the difference of normalised functional error between these two methods was 1.74 × 10⁻⁵. The result shows that the CGS method in FBTS inversion technique would reconstruct breast composition more precisely.

Wheelchair users may have difficulty carrying their luggage while travelling. A proposed solution is introduced based on the problem stated. A tracking system for cart followers introduced to improve wheelchair mobility while transporting their luggage. The cart will track and follow the wheelchair at an appropriate distance. A Camera acts as input to enable the cart to track and follow the wheelchair. Pixy CMUcam5 is used to detect the predefined colour code (CC) in this project. The visual-based sensor gathered the information of the CC, which situated behind the wheelchair and translated the collected data into relative position information, such as distance and skew angle, which helps the cart in following the wheelchair. This translation is done in the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The type of ANN used is a Multilayer perceptron (MLP) with the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. Log sigmoid (Logsig) and Pure linear (Purelin) activation functions used in the hidden and output layer, respectively. The errors for distances and angles after computed with ANN are presented accordingly in Simulink. The MSE value obtained is 0.14007. The ANN implemented in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The implementation of the ANN on the FPGA done through software and hardware configuration. The time taken for hardware implementation is faster than software due to parallel computations. The error value for output distance is less than 0.8000, and 0.3000 for the output angle during the simulation.

Internet penetration in the majority of Indonesian cities has exponentially increased, as seen from the increasing number of internet users in schools, businesses and society in general. The purpose of internet use varies to include searching for information, sending emails, chatting, entertainment, as well as buying and selling goods/services, among other reasons. However, it is compelling to note that one of the factors affecting internet use is gender. Hence, this research aims to reveal the different patterns in internet use by considering gender differences. The data comes from the National Social Economic Survey conducted in the East Java Province, and association rule is used for the data mining method. The results from examining one itemset show that both male and female genders mostly use the internet to access social media. However, the outcomes are different for other itemsets. The results from analysing two itemsets based on male and female groups reveal that both genders use the internet for financial services and news. The use of association rule mining to examine three itemsets demonstrates that most male users simultaneously access emails, financial services and news. Meanwhile, most female users access financial services, goods/services and news.

One of the major parameters required for the prediction of rain-induced attenuation is the rain height. This paper presents some dynamic features of rain height measurement from TRMM-PR over two coastal cities in the Republic of South Africa. The analysis of 5-year data on the variation of bright band height, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and temperature reveal seasonal dependence over the studied locations. The result shows the existence of stratiform-convective interaction within the season, especially during the summer months. The observed exceedance in the probability of the bright band also shows the presence of two rain type (stratiform and convective). Comparison of rain height measurements with the recommended ITU-R reveals above 1 km variations with the percentage difference of about 30%, which could create a serious negative effect on the link design. This study suggests the adaptation of local rain height data for better accuracy of link design for the region.

One of the vital constraints on satellite space link systems operating at higher frequencies is attenuation due to clouds. This paper presents a 5-year estimation of cloud attenuation in the millimeter-wave propagation over two coastal cities in the Republic of South Africa. The results show that some salient features of clouds observed were monthly and location dependent. The observed average cloud value ranges between 16% and 55.6%, the relative humidity recorded between 65.4% and 84.2%, while the rainfall amount is between 5.43 and 79.66 mm over the study locations. The specific attenuation coefficient and cloud attenuation increases as the frequency increases over the studied locations. Furthermore, about 1 dB and above was observed at frequencies from 60 GHz and above. The study reveals the impact of liquid water content (LWC) in the clouds, which has a more significant effect on radio signals. The differences in the attenuation observed may be due to the impact of LWC and other salient features observed over the locations.

Internet of Things (IoT) is an idea and theory of connecting billions of devices and enable them to exchange a massive amount of information. Green IoT visualize the theory of IoT with improved energy efficiency. The overview of Green IoT and the challenges that were faced due to the excessive usage of energy hungry IoT devices were given initially. The research of energy efficiency in IoT had been presented extensively in this paper. Authors presented some challenges, existing works, opportunities, and future directions of green IoT.

Palm oil production has become one of the essential economical in Malaysia, where it is one of the world's largest oil palm producer and exporter. The rapid growth of the palm oil mill as the primary product dominating Malaysian agriculture industries leads to the increasing of energy usage. However, the efficiency of electrical energy usage has been recognized as one of the significant factors to reduce the cost of electrical energy consumption. This research aims to determine the energy consumption of palm oil mill process and proposed improvement to its potential energy consumption. This research is limited to the energy efficiency improvement in one of Malaysia palm oil industry. The palm oil mill selection and the palm oil mill processes have been identifying in the early phases. Four main palm oil processes which are fruit bunch reception, sterilizing, threshing and pressing have been investigating to improve the energy efficiency. From the calculation of processing palm oil processes, the monthly electrical consumption was near to 127MWh. The result found that 31.49% of energy consumption can be reduced in a month by the selected palm oil mill processes by replacing the current motor to high-efficiency motor.

There are numerous studies conducted on fundamental skills in field hockey especially drag flick but there is lack of study did on hit or drive skill despite of there were so many beginner and amateur players that required enhancement in this crucial skill. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ball speed, accuracy, and years of involvement during field hockey hit performance among student recreational players. Fourteen male players were recruited among university students (n=14; Weight = 65.71 ± 7.85 kg, Height = 168.29 ± 3.97 cm; BMI = 23.14 ± 2.41 kg/m²). The participants were required to perform a best single hit skill to determine their ball speed through Kinovea software and the accuracy by the designated score. Then, the data has been analysed through Pearson correlation using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21. The Pearson correlation indicated that there is no significant difference for between ball speed and accuracy (r = .024, p = 936) and years of involvement and accuracy (r = .250. p = 389). However, there was a strong and positive correlation between years of involvement and ball speed (r = .672, p =.008). Findings of the current study suggest that the ball speed and accuracy can be increase both at the same time vice versa during hit skill and years of involvement in this sports can be a contributing factor in skill performance.

This study was conducted to compare the muscle activation during traditional, clap and power push up among trained men. A total of thirty trained men that are physically active and have at least one year experienced in fitness training and having good techniques in push up exercises were recruited as study participants. Participants were required to perform all three types of push up in a randomised order to avoid bias in the exercise sequence. Electromyogram was used to detect the muscle activites of pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoids. Muscle activation was reported as percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction value. The results showed that the muscle activation was highest during the clap push up followed by the power push up and traditional push up. As a conclusion, increasing the difficulty by applying plyometric technique during push up give a significant impact in terms of muscle activation in which is believed to be affect the muscle strength and size in long term.

This study was conducted to compare the muscle activation during traditional, diamond and knuckle push up among trained men. Thirty men that had at least one year experience in fitness training involved as participants in this study. Participants were required to perform all the three kinds of push up in a randomised order to avoid bias effects in exercise order. Electromyography method was used to obtain the pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscle activation. Muscle activation was reported as percentages of maximal voluntary contraction. One way repeated measure analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the muscle activation between the three push up protocols. Results showed that the muscle activation of pectoralis major and anterior deltoid were highest during traditional push up while being the lowest during diamond push up. However, the muscle activation of triceps brachii was highest during diamond push up and lowest during traditional push up. As the conclusion, we can see that the position and distance of hands on the floor will give effects on the muscle activation. As the implication of this study, coaches, athletes and individuals can manipulate techniques while performing a movement to obtain more muscle activation to specific muscle of interest during a movement.

The purpose of this study is to find if the mobility of the body effect on the Olympic lifting technique performing. Participants of this study involved 22 males and 22 females students Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching aged 20-24 years old. Participants were instructed to perform 3 repetitions of overhead squat mobility performance first, using only their own bodyweight without any equipment at all. Finished with that, participants were then instructed to performed 3 repetitions of snatch technical performance and proceed to the clean and jerk technical performance using the custom-made plastic pipe bar or 20-kg Olympic bar without plate. Result showed that all students had 'Good" quality of mobility required for the technical performance of snatch, clean and jerk, however practical test indicated a mastery or quality of the technical performance for the snatch was just considered as 'Fair' for the male, with the female students scores dip into the 'Poor' level of performance. For both genders, all students have a poor technical performance quality for the clean and jerk exercise.

The flow of rivers and streams carries many particles like sand and silts due to erosion phenomenon which are commonly termed as sediments. Sediments transported along the water flow distributes into either bed load or suspended load. The heavier particles settle down the river bed and form the bed load. While the lighter particles gets suspended along the surface of the water body and are termed as suspended load. The change in sediment concentration affects the hydromorphology of rivers to a great extent. The current study focusses on the measurement of the suspended sediment and reviews the various suspended sediment samplers based on different technical parameters such as working principle, accuracy and specifications. Different mechanical samplers such as bottle and trap samplers, pump samplers; electronic samplers such as Acoustic backscatter profiling sensors (ABS), etc. and optical samplers such as Optical backscatter point sensor (OBS), Optical Laser diffraction point sensors (LISST) and many more sensors such as impact sensors, nuclear sensors and conductivity sensors are reported and compared in this review.

Nanosilica (NS) has been used in this study as an asphalt binder modifier to improve the binder properties. Penetration grade 60/70 (PEN 60/70) asphalt binder was modified with NS in colloidal form with an average size of 10 to 15 nanometer (nm). The nanosilica modified asphalt binders (NSMB) were tested for different tests such as physical properties, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiples stress creep and recovery (MSCR) and asphalt pavement analyser (APA). The result obtained from physical properties shows that the additions of NS significantly improve the properties of base asphalt binder in terms of penetration, softening point and viscosity. It was also found that NSMB is stable during the high temperature storage period. SEM images showed that NS particles dispersed well in base asphalt binder and AFM images showed that the addition of nanosilica in asphalt binder improved its surface stiffness. In addition, NSMB significantly increases the G*/sinδ value, failure temperature, and percentage creep recovery while, decreased the non-recoverable creep compliance, which indicated higher elasticity and beneficial in increasing the rutting resistance as compared to the base asphalt. On the other hand, from APA test, it was found that NSMB reduced the rutting depth of asphalt mixture. It can be concluded from the analysis that a maximum of 2% NS be added into the base asphalt for optimum binder modification.

The current pandemic due to Covid-19 has affected most industries including education services. All universities in Malaysia were instructed to close during the first Movement Control Order (MCO), however the classes were still going on in some of the universities. Most of the student's learning time during this period has been added to the time that most of them already spent at home since the semester began without explicit face-to-face (FTF) instruction from lecturers. Meanwhile, lecturers are scrambling to adapt with the new situation and prepare suitable contents for an online learning platform. This study investigates the problems and challenges that emerged when using online platform, focusing on Microsoft Teams application (Microsoft Teams), and proposes a model of online teaching for theoretical courses in university. The constructive online survey is chosen as the methodology and data collected from 154 undergraduate students are analysed using a technique of quantitative analysis. The results are discussed and at the end, this study proposes a teaching online course via Microsoft Teams application model that is suitable based on successful outputs.

The utilization of water pumps in supplying water facilities to consumer should be given priority in terms of operating performance and availability. In light of that, reliability assessments on water pumps were carried out through Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) and availability. Then, the water pumps' brands were compared using Mean Cumulative Function (MCF) plot and suggestion strategies through Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) approach were conducted. There were two types of old and new water pumps which are raw water pump (RWP) and treated water pump (TWP). The name of the brand of old and new RWP and TWP are Brand A, Brand C, and Brand B. Throughout the study, the finding shows that old RWP and new TWP are the most reliable water pumps based on the computation. Besides, Brand A and Brand C were the best brands among others water pumps' brand by comparing the performance using the MCF plot. Lastly, the suitable strategies suggested to be focused on predictive maintenance, preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance in handling the maintenance.

Digital marketplace provides a convenient place for farmers to market farm's products sales anywhere anytime. If this platform is fully utilized by farmers, it can improve the sustainability of farmers in agriculture industry because it can improve sales volume and fair price for farmers and consumers. However, the current AgroBazaar Online has a few enhancements that can be proposed to improve the acceptance from farmers and consumers. Therefore, there is a need to design the system that can encourage target users to use the system and make the system easy to be used by farmers who relatively have lower ICT literacy. The main requirement to develop intelligent marketing is data to provide intelligent information and services for both farmers and consumers. This project aims to explore data strategies to provide intelligent digital agricultural marketplace based on cloud data platform. This research proposes to develop cloud data platform for e-marketplace based cloud data platform approach. The proposed methodology consists of six phases: problem identification and motivation, definition of the objectives for a solution, design and development, demonstration, evaluation, and communication. This paper proposes an architectural model of agriculture marketplace cloud based on cloud data platform. The architectural model will be used for development of e-marketplace that fulfil the Malaysia's IR 4.0 policy and National Agro-Food Policy (NAFP).

Malwares are detrimental to those who are ignorant of their existence. However, the adverse effects of malwares can be easily avoided by being aware of Internet safety. In this paper, a malware awareness tool targeted for university students was developed. The Game Development Lifecycle (GDLC) model was applied in developing this tool. The tool development phase began with initiation, then pre-production, production, testing, beta testing, and ended with the release phase. Once the malware awareness tool was developed, functionality tests and awareness level tests were conducted on university students to ensure the tool is fully operative. Through the tests, it was shown that this tool was received with positive responses from its target users. As for the awareness level test, a majority of 15 students were aware of the purpose of the gamification in the malware awareness tool. In a nutshell, the malware awareness tool that was developed raised university student's consciousness on malwares and increased their awareness level pertaining to Internet threats.

The golden age and sensitive period in a child occurred at the age of zero to six years and it is the ages that children can quickly absorb knowledge around them. In this age, however, children are susceptible toward the arising deviation symptoms in their growth and development. Therefore, the deviation symptom in children should be detected as early as possible in order that it will not be permanent and the proper intervention and stimulation can be immediately administered. This study aimed to construct an information system based on the web in order to conduct either screening or detection for the children's growth and development using Pre-screening Development Questionaire method. The method employed in this study is the one developing waterfall software. It consists of four steps, they are analysis, design, and test to the system. It is then the testing method using Black Box Testing and System Usability Scale (SUS). Based on the usability test on 30 child-caregiver respondents by employing SUS method, it was obtained score 78.33, meaning that the system can be accepted and included in the category of good-excellent.

High total cooling load (COLA) relatively during peak and mid-peak as compared to off-peak hour's period requires more operating equipment of chiller plant (CHIP) to be operated during that period. The more operating equipment working, the more energy consumed is required to provide cooling thermal for COLA. High energy consumption of CHIP operation during peak and mid-peak hour lead high electricity cost due to higher energy charge charged by utility for every per kWh energy consumed by a CHIP operation. Therefore, this study aims to determine potential energy saving of CHIP operation by using optimal charging of ice thermal energy storage (ITES), then provide cooling thermal (COMA) for total COLA through discharging operation. Cooling thermal of ITES was charged based on maximum required COLA during peak and mid-peak hour. In this study, an optimization technique of linear programming was used to charge ITES optimally during off-peak hour. Analysis was conducted to compare the energy consumption of CHIP operation by using ITES discharging operation with the current practice of CHIP operator. This analysis showed that, the potential energy saving based on this strategy by using optimization technique is 27.89%.

In this study, the structural and electronic properties of the N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) inhibitor, in the form of monoamidothiophosphoric acid (MATP), as attached to urease enzyme, has been investigated. These include the electron density, molecular orbitals involved in the interactions, and the whole system's charge distributions. The difference between the interaction of urease-NBPT and urease-urea was conducted throughout this study. This comparison was crucial to prove the NBPT inhibitor's mechanism to slow down urea's hydrolysis in the soil solution. The quantum mechanical calculations were performed at the level theory B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). The urease-NBPT complex has higher interaction energy than the urease-urea complex, in which the interaction energy is –1.6787 eV. The urease-NBPT complex has a lower molecular electronic energy gap than the urease-urea complex, at 0.9527 eV. The graphical representation of HOMO, LUMO, and electrostatic potential maps indicates that the NBPT inhibitor can create favourable interaction with the atoms at urease's active site.

This study provides fundamental knowledge on the breakdown properties of N₂-CO₂ gas mixture with a ratio of 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20. The gas mixtures were tested under HVAC and HVDC voltages with 1 bar (abs) pressure. The plane-plane and needle-plane electrodes were used with gap lengths between 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm. It is found that the breakdown voltage of N₂-CO₂ mixture increased with the increased of CO₂ content. The breakdown voltage is also affected by the increment of gap distance for both electrode geometrics; plane-plane to represent the uniform field and needle-plane as the non-uniform field. The gas under uniform field configuration has a higher ability to withstand higher voltage levels compared under non-uniform field configuration. However, the non-uniform field provides a very high electric field intensity, which implies very high electric field stress. By increasing the percentage CO₂ in N₂-CO₂ mixture, the insulation strength can reach about 64% that of pure SF₆ gas at the 0.1 MPa.

There is a need on incorporating computing with network and security teaching in University College. In this paper, a framework is proposed for integrating computer network and security teaching using Logic Programming. Two 5-sessions incorporation modules on computer network and security for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year students were developed and implemented. Pre- and post- tests, class observations and interviews prove the framework viability in terms of 1) development and execution of the modules, and 2) the students' learning outcomes on computer network and security content and Computational Thought, and the acceptance of the incorporation.

The intention of this project is to determine the limitations of the current market needs where the road injuries and fatalities are a growing concern in Malaysia. Without any hesitation, the resident's driving pattern and behavior are highly correlated. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop a prototype mobile application DriverSeekers for pairing drivers with users who do not wish or do not have the ability to drive their own vehicles. An in-depth review of other research and literature is conducted to understand the benefits, impact, and features that similar programs are providing. Further, a qualitative survey has been given out to understand the potential users of the application and the feasibility of the proposed system which includes the user's concern, preferences, and expectations, whereas the respondents are 10 students and 10 people who are employed. Once the data has been gathered and analyzed, the features of the application are build based on the collected data where the application is trying to meet the user requirement. Afterward, there are four testing phases consist of unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing which are conducted to assure the system features and functions achieve what the users expect. Further, a UAT is conducted to ensure the users are joyed with the result which meets their requirements and expectation. Thus, the objectives of this study were all successfully fulfilled.

Currently, because of the Covid-19 pandemic there a lot of demand to use online Learning Management System (LMS). The LMS available usually offer similar features and is hard for user to choose which is appropriate for them. The key criteria for analysing LMS are learning skills tools, productivity tools and communication tools. The purpose of this paper is to do systematic review on the current LMS, the problem with current LMS and the potential solutions that might help. To serve this purpose five learning management system are chosen which are Moodle, Sakai, SumTotal, Blackboard and ATutor among the other learning management systems in the market. The reasons are it consists of open source platforms such as Moodle, ATutor and Sakai and commercial platforms such as Blackboard and SumTotal. The findings from this review is quite interesting and it can be used to help users such as university/colleges, and students in selecting their LMS. It also give some ideas to LMS developer in enhancing their LMS or proposing a new features.

Laboratory laboratories are essential to the education process in all fields of engineering, technology has changed the scientific laboratory landscape. The role of using Extended Reality (XR) technology after the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented, the virus had affecting almost all countries concurrently, resulting in an economic crisis, the education sector was the most affected as students could not go to the laboratory to conduct experiments due to the containment of the disease. From this point on, the use of virtual laboratories became a great and effective role for students and the university, as it cost little in the budget compared to the real laboratory. In this paper, the role of virtual laboratories, using extended reality technology, and its impact on education and the future of virtual training in increasing students' efficiency will be discussed in this paper.

Carcinoma known as breast cancer is a significant common cancer among women worldwide. In line with the global trends, it accounts for many new cancer cases and cancer-related deaths, giving it a substantial public health issue in today's culture. Early diagnosis is the most effective method to reduce the number of deaths in patients with breast cancer. Effective and early diagnosis of breast cancer ensure like mammography or biopsy to ensure the long-term survival of affected patients. Several conflicts arise in using traditional approaches, such as overdiagnosis or under-diagnosis. Machine learning is used to overcome the issues where it can strengthen the current conventional diagnosing of patients with breast cancer. The application of the classification method for diagnosing breast cancer is reviewed in this paper. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and logistic regression are six methods presented in the review. These techniques are integrated with conventional methods, often allow physicians to diagnose breast cancer effectively. In summary, machine learning improvises in diagnosing breast cancer in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with excellent performance and quality of patients.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has provided flexibility for teachers and students to engage in academic discourse irrespective of the location. With rapid technological advancements, Mobile learning offers incredible opportunities, especially in higher education especially during this Covid-19 pandemic. The advancement of mobile and wireless communication technologies has encouraged the mobile learning method where students are able to learn via mobile devices without being limited by space and time. The millennial generation can be situated in a real-world scenario associated with the learning content in higher education. This paper discovered how mobile learning approach can enhance engagement skills and communication skills among millennial generation and employed action research methodology. In this research, mobile learning application such as kahoot! E-exercises and e-quizzes adoption of mobile learning during lecture and outside lectures activities for conversations and consultation. The positive findings showed those students' engagement skills and communication skills increased via the mobile learning adoption. Students had active learning opportunity where effective conversations and consultation between the lecturer and students. This paper heightens lecturer awareness in identifying the learning tasks via mobile learning that are well developed. This may further be a motivating factor to adopt measures and new strategies for the improvement of students' skills. Statistics revealed a higher engagement rate and better communication skill when courses are delivered using the mobile learning approach.

This project implemented the role of 5G technologies for vehicle application. 5G connectivity will give added value to a vehicle, to be able to connect to the networks and also talk to each other without any interference in very low latency. Implementing such kind of this technology will leverage disruptive new applications that will allow to improve driving efficiency and enhance road safety. With the increasing demand for mobile traffic and the delay and security of VANET based on IEEE 802.11p, the key technology of the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) is combined with the functional characteristics of vehicle networking. And analyzes the application of D2D technology, cognitive radio to improve vehicle communication delay, flexibility, spectrum utilization efficiency and 5G technology in automatic driving. Finally, the potential application of 5G vehicular network is pointed out. This project used microstrip antenna because it has several advantages that did not feature on conventional microwave antenna such as light weight, low volume and thin profile configurations, which can be made conformal. The fabrication process might not cost the budget and mass production is also possible in a period. This research work is focusing on design, simulate, fabricate and analyze a 5G wireless antenna that operates at 26 GHz to 28 GHz by using Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, where this range of frequencies is one of the standard frequencies of the 5G communication. The development of wireless device prototype is also focused in this project as it will be install on a vehicle to enable 5G. This project consist of three major parts which are calculation, simulation and hardware design. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio software used to simulate the designed antenna, it prompt the optimization of the antenna designed to achieved desired result before proceed with fabrication. The comparison between theoretical result and practical result was made to analyze margin error and trace the probable cause of the error. The measure of the antenna performance (basic antenna parameter) between array antenna and single patch antenna also studied in this project to conclude the most compatible antenna for vehicle application. 40 GHz Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) had been used to measure the fabricated antenna.

Detection of blood vessel plays an important stage in different medical areas, such as ophthalmology, oncology, neurosurgery and laryngology. The significance of the vessel analysis was helped by the continuous overview in clinical studies of new medical technologies intended for improving the visualization of vessels. In this paper, a new blood vessel detection using a simple method of image processing was proposed. The main objective is to propose new method in order to detect the blood vessel on the degraded retinal input image (DRIVE dataset). A few Image Quality Assessment (IQA) such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was obtained to prove the effectiveness of detection methods.

In most sports today, the decisions taken by referees are supported by the use of electronic technology. The detection and monitoring system of the woodball lines serves the same function, helping the referee to take decisions and modernise woodball sports. The modern sport of wood balls depends entirely on out decisions. The line detection technology helps inform the judge whether the ball is OB (out of Bounds), while the monitoring system notifies players, judges, and the crowd whether or not the gating is effective. But the referee's manual assistance is always necessary to start the game after a good gating, since the player cannot touch the wood ball the whole time. Finally, the percentage of precision and error was achieved.

Automotive collision avoidance system is a system that avoid collision when danger occur. It is also very helpful in order to alert the drivers and passengers. The system also reacts to danger automatically, faster, and more efficient. The system is implemented on a remote control car. The remote control car can automatically brake when the difference between front ultrasonic sensor and obstacle is less than 35cm. While the system applies automatic braking system a red LED will light on. Furthermore, the system is also surrounded with another 3 ultrasonics which is on both sides and at the back of the prototype. In this project, this system is using 2 controllers which is Raspberry Pi 4B and Arduino Uno. A camera module is connected to Rasberry Pi which detects the corresponding object. Next, the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect distance and send the reading to Arduino Uno to calculate distance. LCD is used to display the calculated distance. This system also uses dc motor to control the movement of the remote control car through the Arduino Uno controller LED's and a buzzer is used as alerting devices for the prototype.

Euler method is one of the oldest and simplest numerical techniques to solve mathematical problems. However, the Euler method lacks accuracy compared to other methods such as the Runge-Kutta and the Adam Bashforth. This research proposed a new scheme by enhancing the Euler method using centroidal mean, i.e. combining the Euler method and the mean concept. In this research, the proposed scheme would be used to improve the accuracy of the first order Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). The enhanced Euler method was used based on the improved Euler method, which is a midpoint method. To analyse the accuracy of the proposed scheme and the existing schemes, SCILAB 6.0 software was used to compare the results of different step sizes. This research compared the proposed scheme with the Polygon scheme by Zul Zamri and the Harmonic-Polygon scheme by Nurhafizah. By using Centroidal-Polygon as the proposed scheme, more accurate results were yielded. However, the scheme was limited to some of the linear and non-linear equations only.

Numerical method is a technique of obtaining the nearest approximation for the solution of various problems that can be described in the form of derivative equations. Engineering issues cannot be simply overcome using analytical concepts. This study aims to propose a new scheme from an enhanced Euler method for testing the resistor-inductor (RL) circuit equation. For this purpose, the paper proposes the Euler Root Mean Square (ERMS), a modified Euler method with improved accuracy. It will justify that the new scheme can be as accurate as possible in providing the exact solution by applying an average concept of using root mean square. It will focus on this accuracy by comparing the exact solution and actual solution between the new ERMS scheme and a modified Euler known as Euler Arithmetic. This study has demonstrated that the ERMS provided solutions that are similar to the exact solutions at t=0.5. It proves that an enhanced Euler method can be applied in various fields, especially in electrical engineering. In conclusion, the ERMS can be used as an alternative algorithm to solve RL circuit problems.

IT support services are the crucial part in daily business operation services in any organization. Special attention is needed, especially in managing users or client satisfaction when using the IT services to address the user's problem or request IT hardware issues. Service quality (SQ) dimension is used to measure the effectiveness in delivering IT service support hardware to users. To strengthen the elements of the ITHS (IT Hardware Support Services), information system theories (IS) are used to harmonize the IT environment especially on the service support related to the IT hardware component. Two such theories taken from the IS environment are: Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE) and Social Technical System (STS). In this model, discussion is on the suitability of the above theories to assess ITHS, ability to achieve the service quality that reflect back to the users, client, and organization in achieving the service performance based on the SERVQUAL dimension.

Background: E-business firms' dependence on courier companies was a satisfactory. It was found that with organizations that had supply chains, inter-firm dependence not only had a positive effect on their financial performance, but the development of technology or e-business systems development is also improved. This occurred because the pressure from their partners' technologies made other partners feel the need to improve the technologies of their business. We realized that managing knowledge and creativity provided many benefits when it was combined with advanced technology especially in the Pandemic of COVID-19. Method/Analysis: This study use a qualitative and quantitative method such as interview and observation (qualitative) to verify of questionnaires (quantitative) by experts in the field of logistics especially in courier firms and e-business companies. Then for analyzing data we use SMART-PLS. Findings: This study proves that inter-firm dependence between courier companies and e-business firms are significant as well as they were able to contribute to new services developed especially for a crucial situation such as COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is speeding up the trend towards digital. Small and medium-sized companies are also able to improve relationships with established customers while developing and leveraging new partnerships, especially with their logistics partners, by being active digitally. Application: In conclusion, it could help to recognize the current management and capacity levels, as well as the role of courier services and e-business performance. Thus, it could help both of them to renew their views of inter-company dependence management effects as well as to enhance their organizational practices, and that they'll survive the market.

Nowadays, Internet attacks are increasing rapidly. As a result, information security is a serious global concern among Information Technology users. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is capable to detect unauthorized intrusions into computer systems and networks by looking for signatures of known attacks or deviations of normal activity. IDS is such as a detective control, the main function is to warn the user of any suspicious activity taking place. Active IDS research are still ongoing with remarkable techniques to detect attacks with significance accurate result. This paper deliver a brief overview on types of IDS and a types of techniques employed to detect intrusion.

Simpulan Bahasa is one of essential learning subject in Malaysia. Most students learn Simpulan Bahasa by reading books, which considered as normal/manual practice. If student intent to search Simpulan Bahasa, student have to search through books as the dictionary of proverbs. It is however quite ancient and sometimes burdensome for student to bring the dictionary. According to this matter, MySimB' was developed through mobile learning using ADDIE methodology. The development of MySimB' inention is to help primary school student to learn a standard Malay Simpulan Bahasa easily and effectively. MySimB' is interactive website which was developed to ease learning and interactive medium for student, teacher and parent to learn or teach Simpulan Bahasa. MySimB' provide index using alphabetic, meaning and an example of sentence for each Simpulan Bahasa, searching and learning games to attract student in Simpulan Bahasa learning.

Nowadays, students in primary school in Malaysia need to learn Simpulan Bahasa as one of syllabus in Bahasa Melayu. Manually learner or primary student can refer the meaning for Simpulan Bahasa through physical dictionary. It is however quite ancient and sometimes burdensome for students to bring that dictionary. The purpose of this paper is to present the research of learning Simpulan Bahasa named "MySimB" which provide better learning language using web based. MySimb' is interactive website which was developed to ease and fun learning for primary students, teachers and parents to learn or teach on Simpulan Bahasa. This website provide index using alphabetic, meaning and an example of sentence for each Simpulan Bahasa, search for Simpulan Bahasa and games to attract the students. The benefits of using MySimB' in learning as it can engage students in the learning process, improve their achievement and increase their motivation towards learning Bahasa Melayu focus on Simpulan Bahasa.

There are many website usability measurement. Therefore, researcher that focus on usability measurement need to select the best method for usability evaluation to get the best result. This paper review website measurement that has classify to usability inspection, usability inquiry and usability testing. Some of usability measurement focus on experts only to measure the evaluation and some of measurement focus on real users. Each of website measurement have advantage and disadvantage. Researcher need to determine the scope, context and the reason when evaluate usability for website. This paper found that survey is common method that used by researcher because it save cost and can gather a population easily.

This paper discusses several issues supporting a knowledge-based methodology for discovery of high-volume IoT resources in the simulator NS-3 environment. We found the concept was developed in previous researches, especially based on widely accepted concepts of Q-Learning discovery model. The model is validated using samples from emulations of tested data in the NS-3 simulator. Proper simulation in NS-3 based on the different modules such as checkpoint and restore was used to model and analyse the data. The main feasibility checkpointing concept of simulations in the NS-3 processes were using Distributed Multi-Threaded Checkpointing (DMTCP) to run on a single machine and Message Passing Interface (MPI) under distributed machine to speed up the NS-3 model initialization and execution. As the chosen model to be implemented in this analysis, the Q-learning algorithm proposal offers a possible solution for addressing evolving IoT environments and configurations. Q-learning is one of the successful techniques available for the exploration of IoT nodes, but context-based problems have already been established and simplified as issues of dedicated server management, IoT object data acquisition issues, and unique application requirements. The findings empirically support the validation of the Q-Learning model improvement for high-volume IoT resource discovery cases. The study will contribute to the new model development by providing new insights on the conceptualization and validation of knowledge-based methodology based on widely accepted techniques and approaches.

IoT Real-Time Soil Monitoring based on LoRa for Palm Oil Plantation is a prototype that can send data to the receiver using LoRa technology. The prototype used LoRa technology because it is a long range and low-cost technology. The prototype used LoRa SX1278 and the sensors as the main components. It shows the communication between the sender and receiver of LoRa technology and notifies the user soil tilt and temperature in real time via the ThingSpeak platform. A tilt and temperature sensors must be attached at the LoRa sender. It then sends data to the LoRa receiver. As the data received by the receiver, it will then display the data using the serial monitor and also at the LoRa receiver's OLED. This prototype is easy to use and easy to set up as the soil monitoring system. This Real-time Soil monitoring system helped the user to know the tilt and temperature readings via the ThingSpeak.

The use of online shopping during covid season 19 is expected to continue to increase. The rise in the use of online shopping is really encouraging, as it will support the government campaign to curb the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic and there might be many users who also do not make effective use of information technology. Therefore, this study aims to identify the demographic features of online shopping users in Malaysia during the Covid season. this study uses a questionnaire instrument for data collection. a total of 127 respondents were successfully obtained and the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. findings have shown that the majority of respondents were Malays and they are students who have a Bachelor's degree and aged between 21 and 29 years. the findings of the study are discussed further suggestions for improvement are stated in this study

Due to the various benefits offered by the information technology system, the government has taken the initiative to develop the Pahang Mart online portal system for the convenience of the people of Pahang. however if this technology is not used optimally then the government will incur losses due to the very large investments that have been made. therefore this study aims to identify the role of perceived ease of use in explaining the intention to use Pahang Mart online portal. This study was conducted in the state of Pahang with a total of 127 respondents. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. The findings of the study prove that perceived ease of use has a positive and significant relationship with the intention to use Pahang Mart online portal

This paper aims to study the possibility of integration between Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Industrial Revolutions 4.0 (IR4.0). LM is generally known and acknowledged as a feasible system in the industrial sector. However, a new paradigm of IR4.0 has influenced manufacturers to look further into how LM could be implemented and adopted. It drives the integration of an intelligent factory to control machines, humans, products, and cloud solutions along the value chain. Manufacturers, especially in the automotive industry such as Toyota Company, have been using lean concepts and methods for so many years to eliminate wastes, reduce operational costs, and improve production performance. By integrating LM with IR4.0, the manufacturers could enhance productivity and quality by using the implementation chain. Besides, it enables self-management operational processes that could ensure the customer's quality of production.

The aim of this scoping review is to investigate work published on student satisfaction with e-learning in Malaysia Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs). A scoping review was conducted using the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley to identify a broad range of relevant literature, regardless of study design. A systematic search was performed using Google Scholar in May 2020 and then was updated in October 2020. The database was searched for literature published between 1^st January 2019 and October 2020. Two authors independently assessed literature eligibility and extracted data to answer our research question 'From the previous literature, what is the effects of e-learning/LMS on student learning satisfaction in Malaysia Higher Learning Institutions?' Seven articles were included in the review. There appears to be a paucity of research regarding student satisfaction with e-learning in Malaysia HLIs. Various theories and models have been included in the papers. However, all the articles mentioned the factors that determine student satisfaction with e-learning. The study demonstrates that when e-learning is delivered purposefully and effectively in the management and support of student learning, it has a positive effect on student satisfaction. However, more research in this area is required.

Conventional bricks such as Fired Clay Bricks (FCB) contribute to environmental issues due to the production process. Previous study has shown that interlocking bricks have potential as alternative way for sustainable development. The Interlocking Compressed Earth Bricks (ICEB) is a sustainable construction material which all the main constituents locally available and stabilize with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Thus, this study focusses on determination of proper mix design for the ICEB in line with that to reduce the contribution to environmental issues. Six (6) different of cement contents were investigated, which 0% to 10% by incremental of 2%. All the ICEB samples were tested for water absorption and compressive strength at the ages 7, 14 and 28 days. The ICEB with 10% of cement contents show the highest compressive strength which have exceeded the minimum required stated in BS3921:1985 (5 N/mm2) however the water absorption exceeds the allowable limit of 15% based on MS 76:1972. This study may contribute and act as manual for mix design of the ICEB.

The use of Pahang Mart portal greatly helps the people of Pahang to shop especially during the covid-19 season. However, if the system is not used optimally then waste will occur. Therefore, this study outlines the objectives that aim to identify the role of education level in moderating the relationship between perceived ease of use and intention to use Pahang Mart portal. The findings of the study have proven that performance expectancy has a significant relationship with the intention to use the Pahang Mart Portal application. However, the level of education does not play a significant role in simplifying the relationship between perceived ease of use and intention to use.

The use of Pahang Mart portal among the people of Pahang during the covid19 season is very encouraging. However, if the use of this portal is not complete, then the development of this portal will be a futile and detrimental project. A study on the acceptance of this portal is necessary and to ensure that this study has validity and reliability, the instrument needs to be proven in advance about its validity and reliability. Therefore, this study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument that used to measure PahangMart portal acceptance. This study is a quantitative study using questionnaire instruments taken from previous researchers. The findings of the study prove that the questionnaire has a good level of validity and reliability.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive pathogen that commonly causes caseous lymphadenitis which occurs in sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo and horses. This disease has long been shown to be a major cause of economic loss on sheep industries. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is known to be effective against a wide spectrum of pathogens however, its efficacy against C. pseudotuberculosis biofilm remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to predict the antibiofilm potential of DMSO against C. pseudotuberculosis using in silico protein interaction network analysis and experimentally determine the antibiofilm activity using standard microplate assay system. As compared to the protein interaction network of S. typhimurium biofilm that had previously been shown to be inhibited by DMSO, the protein interaction network of C. pseudotuberculosis showed similar nodes, hub proteins and functional linkages between glycolytic enzymes. Further experimental validation revealed that the treatment with DMSO significantly (p<0.05) inhibited C. pseudotuberculosis biofilm at all tested concentrations (1.56% - 50%). The findings from the present study suggest the potential application of DMSO in controlling caseous lymphadenitis in ruminants.

A Miniaturisation is an advance micro-technology of size reduction of handheld electronic devices which significantly enhance their performance though with a substantial increase in a thermal generation. Quick and efficient dissipation of the heat flux ensures reliability and prevent premature failure. This work employs simultaneous passive techniques of using nanofluid and corrugated minichannel configuration on forced convection heat to improve hydro-thermal performance and examine the effect of nanofluids on heat transfer and pressure drop. The CFD analysis is conducted by FLUENT software using two-phase mixture model under a uniform heat flux for two different water-based nanofluids with volume fractions of 0.005–0.03 and the range of Reynolds numbers 5000–10000. Validation of the numerical results with existing data in the literature displays a good agreement with a fair deviation. The results indicated that the heat transfer rates and wall shear stress increase with the increase of the nanofluid volume concentration. Besides, Heat transfer coefficient appreciates by about 39% at 3vol% with an increase of Re from 5000 to 10000 for both nanofluids. In contrast, the friction factor increases and causes a fair pressure drop. Hence passive enhancement techniques used indicated high suitability for hydro-thermal performance in compact electronic devices.

The use of online shopping has been gaining interest, particularly after the outbreak of the Covid 19 epidemic. However, if this system is not fully used then the government and the service provider will suffer losses. Therefore, this study aims to identify the role of attitude in explaining the acceptance of online shopping among consumers in Malaysia. This study is a quantitative study that uses non-probability sampling techniques. A total of 127 respondents were successfully collected. Findings prove that attitude has a significant relationship with the acceptance of online shopping. The implications of the study are also discussed

The aim of the project was to design a smart control LED downlight and socket using IoT system with QR security. It was proposed to solve the user problem when they forget to switch OFF the LED downlight and socket when they are not around. The function of this system is to control and monitor the ON/OFF the LED downlight and socket by using Internet of Things (IOT). Only user with Quick Response (QR) code can control and monitor the system.

The principal objective of a study is indeed a well-functioning membrane such as high reject efficiency and high flow rate. In fact, too many studies are carried out on factors influencing the membrane, such as pressure intensity, polymer form, additive type, temperature influence during processing, and so on. Therefore, the study of thermal behaviour of surfactant concentration is vital to study the glass transition effect in good membrane production. Therefore, in this study, the main objective is to analyse the morphology structural effect of TX 100 surfactant on membrane by FTIR spectrum, and also to evaluate the thermal behaviour of different concentration of surfactant on membrane using DSC analysis. In order to study the thermal behaviour, membrane with 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt% was prepared. The effects of TX 100 concentration on membrane and thermal analysis have been studied and discussed. Membrane without TX 100 has 30 °C of glass transition temperature (Tg) while membrane with 5 wt% TX 100 has the highest Tg among the membranes. Therefore, the addition of surfactant to the membrane has an effect on Tg, thereby also impacting the porosity.

Eddy current technology has been used as a non-destructive method of measuring material properties for many years. Most applications of the eddy current technique lie in locating surface or subsurface flaws and evaluating material characteristics. This paper investigated the effect of heated brass material on material conductivity and defect measurement using eddy current testing (ECT). The ECT signal is compared and analyses in order study the effect of annealing on electrical properties of brass material. Brass block sample is designed and artificial defect with depth of 0.5mm 1.00mm and 2.00mm fabricated using Electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine. Industrial standard ECT set is used inspect the conductivity depth of defect brass sample before and after annealing process. Different frequency of ECT coil excitation are applied in order to determine the suitable ECT inspection frequency on brass material. The experimental results show the heat treatment decrease the conductivity of brass material. Due the changes of electrical properties on heated brass, the measurement of depth defect affected the value of amplitude ECT signal. Where the heated brass material reduced 10% IACS signal.

Nowadays, the number of attacker increasing fast due to the current technologies. Most companies or an organization use Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to protect their network system. Many researchers suggest different ways to improve the IDS such using optimization techniques. Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods also proposed in IDS to attained high accuracy of detection for example; artificial neural network, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. Artificial neural network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) used in this paper to equate the method and performances in IDS environment. The ANN output value will be compared with the result where ANN supported by PSO to produce higher accurate value. KDD CUP '99 Dataset used as the benchmark of IDS and will be simulated in MATLAB Simulink 2013. 200 datasets used consists of attacks and normal activities as an input. In this paper, DoS attack which are Smurf and Neptune attacks selected for detection.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of high speed milling cutting parameters on to the Mould Steel DF2 surface finish. Deckel Maho Evolution 50 High Speed Milling with pair controlled parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) is employed. Then, the Mould Steel DF2 was tested in order to explore the relationship between the controlled parameters. Within aided from application of Minitab was used to design and analyze the results. As a result, from the ANOVA table it been able to conclude that factor of spindle speed and feed rate does give significant value to the surface roughness (Ra). Its mean this to factor gives the influence of surface. The optimal machining conditions occur at the when the spindle speed is at 16000 rpm and feed rate 200 mm/min. Result of the study can be used by industries as a guide to choose best parameter for the High Speed Milling process.

Surface finish is one of the most important quality characteristics in manufacturing industries which influences the performance of mechanical parts. This research is focused on the optimization of machining parameters on surface roughness for parting or cut-off operation for the turning process. In machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product are really a challenging job. These quality features are highly correlated and are expected to be influenced directly with the effect of process parameters used. Thus, the inputs of machining parameters such as cutting speed (v), feed rates (f) and depth of cut (d) have been selected and the experimental works were designed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for machining AISI D3 steel. The results revealed that at a minimum cutting speed of 140m/min, a minimum feed rate of 0.01mm/rev and a minimum of depth of cut 1 mm give better surface finish. The study concludes that the surface roughness AISI D3 steel is greatly influenced by feed rate and cutting speed which is proven its reliability to obtain the desired level of surface roughness.

As more and more media-based and game-based education (Edu-Game) is released each year to meet the increasing demands of this unique form of learning, the Edu-Game is increasingly developing the primary growing market in the education industry. The future of learning is indeed an educational video game, it has been said to suit the learning style of the new generation better than the previous generation. . This also suggests that the use of programming subjects has also expanded to Edu-Game as well as Classroom programming education has been reported to not be as effective as it used to be. . While several Edu-Game for programming are released today, there is a void that has yet to be occupied, which is a Edu-Game that teaches the language of C++ programming. Furthermore, the concern is the lack of C++ programming language for teaching higher education learners, as C++ has proved to be the most commonly used programming language in the education system in Malaysia. CodeToProtect is a proposed designed video game that will fill the void by providing Malaysia's higher education learners with C++ programming language and education video game. The game is designed to help students understand the idea of programming by presenting visual representation and gamification to increase student concentration. By designing the game, more students would be able to benefit as C++ is commonly used in Malaysian education, thereby enhancing the overall standard of education programming here in Malaysia.

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) minimizes refrigerants and lubricants mixed with air to foster environmental sustainability. Austenitic AISI 316L stainless steel is often used for the aviation, biomedical equipment and food appliances. However, low machinability of this material makes it difficult to cut resulting low hole surface quality. The objective of the study is to evaluate the drill performance of solid carbide tools while drilling AISI 316L austenite stainless steel and to study the effect of drilling parameters, cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (Fr) and drill geometry (point angle) on tool life, surface integrity and holes accuracy. Solid carbide drilling performance analysis on AISI 316L Austenite Stainless Steel using MQL was assessed in terms of tool life, surface roughness, and hole accuracy. Investigation for optimal conditions of cutting speed, feed rate and point of angle when drilling AISI 316L austenite stainless steel would obtain the optimum output indicates longer tool life, better surface roughness and adequate accuracy in high-speed machining conditions. This MQL oil-air flow is accurately measured and sent to the drill tool edge. The cutting speeds applied for the machining process are 100m / min, 130m / min and 150m / min. For feed rate parameters, the selected values are 0.05mm / rev, 0.1mm / rev and 0.15mm / rev. Rotational drill angles are 110 °, 120 ° and 130 °. The peck drilling investigation is performed on high-speed milling machines keenly will provide guidance to produce good and optimal machining settings of cutting speed, feed rate and angle point to others when they want to drill a hole.

Composites based on natural fiber reinforcement and recycled plastics blends has produced wide research and composites engineering interest in previous decades due to their high strength, small density, low cost, light in weight, recyclability and biodegradability as far as green technology is concerned. The tensile strength and water absorption were investigated at the different loading ratio. In this paper, wood dust, recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate, recycled Polyethylene (rPET/rPE) and SEBS-g-MA compatibilizer were processed with different wood dust loadings of 5, 10, and 15 wt %. In addition to molding process parameters such as the melt temperature and injection pressure will be considered which is influenced on part quality. From the observation it was indicates that the mechanical properties of tensile has increased with 15 wt % fiber whereas the water absorption also increased due to the hydrophilic nature of the filler.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), one of the materials regarded as the strongest material is known as insoluble in wide range of solvent. This problem limits the application of rGO on other research. The grafted polymer, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (N₃-PMeOxz) is soluble in water which could make it possible to broaden solubility of rGO in wide range of solvent. For this experimental study, N₃-PMeOxz is grafted into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with the purpose of improving the solubility of functionalized rGO and improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of functionalized rGO. Grafted-on reaction between N₃-PMeOxz and rGO were carried out by using oxygen degassification method and heat reaction under nitrogen environment in the presence of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). Characterization of the composite were analyzed by using Fourier's Transform Infrared (FT-IR) for determination of bond exist in the composite and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal transition temperature. Solubility test of the composite on few solvent confirm the attachment of PMeOxz onto rGO.

Nowadays, the use of liquid membrane process in treating dye waste solution is more preferable compared to the batch mode as it provides higher recovery performance and huge treated volume. The aim of this paper is to determine the extraction efficiency of using continuous liquid surfactant membrane (CLSM) process for extraction of reactive dye Red 3BS in order to ensure that LSM process more applicable and commercialize in industries. Liquid membrane process comprises of three liquid phases which are external (dye aqueous solution), organic liquid membrane and internal aqueous phase was developed. Liquid membrane and internal aqueous phase were emulsified and dispersed into the wastewater solution (feed/dye aqueous phase) to be treated. The organic liquid membranes contain Aliquat 336, D2EHPA, Sorbitan Monooleote (Span 80) and kerosene as an extractant, synergist extractant surfactant and diluents, were used respectively. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as stripping agent in internal aqueous phase for the recovery process. The main factors studied for continuous dye extraction process were agitation speed, retention lime and treatment ratio. The system shows stable performance within 15 min duration of continuous extraction time along the process. The results showed that almost 100 % of Reactive Red 3BS ions were successfully extracted at the optimum conditions of 250 rpm agitation speed, 1: 7 of treatment ratio and 5 min of retention time. Therefore, as a conclusion, CLSM can be proposed as a very promising method for extraction of Red 3BS.

Oil palm plantation is one multibillion-dollar commodity crops in Malaysia. All part of palm tree is reusable which no parts will turn into waste. Oil palm trunk has cellulosic structure that is categorised as woody materials. Current issue is the drying process of the oil palm trunk is too long and it can be reduced by chemically and microwave treatment. The treatment densified and compacted the oil palm trunk into other woody elements. The experimental study investigated the chemical treatment by varying dipping time in methanol between 5 to 20 minutes and microwave power input ranges between 40% to 100%. The combination treatment of 80% microwave power and 15 minutes dipping in methanol give the highest moisture reduction. The morphological aspect of palm trunk was investigate using LEO Supra 50 Vp field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with ultra-high resolution.

Ceramic-metal surface coating is very well known for its high thermal, wear and corrosion resistance. The paper discussed on comparison of characterization of Nickel-cubic boron nitride (Ni-CBN) composite coating on two types of substrate. The substrates used are High Speed Steel (HSS) and Carbide due to good hardness, low cost and easily available. The composite Ni-CBN has been used in machining industries recently. It is desirable to get high ceramic of CBN to metal Ni ratio for corrosion, thermal and wear resistance. A sample of HSS and carbide substrate of CBN was used as the base for composite deposition. The surface coating of Ni-CBN was deposited via electroless nickel where the process of involved chemical reactions as the ceramic CBN powders was embedded within the coating. The characterization of the composite deposition was done by JSM-7800F Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The FESEM image proves that nano CBN powders were embedded in HSS substrate and distributed consistently on the coating surface.

Nowadays, coated cutting tools are extensively used in the cutting manufacturing industry, which gets to the important developments in cutting tool performance and economy thru reducing tool wear of cutting tools, low cutting forces, and better-quality surface roughness of the workpiece. From this research, the effects of feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut on the surface roughness using electroless Nickel-CBN coated cutting tools (carbide) were measured experimentally. The parameters of machining's setting were determined by using Taguchi's L9 (3³) was used in this study. The S/N ratio with analysis of response in optimization and ANOVA results were used to recognize the best significant parameters affecting the surface finish. From this experiment, the outcome shows that the feed rate parameter most affected to the surface roughness. The optimum setting parameter's levels are spindle speed 3, feed rate 3, and depth of cut 2. So, the optimum machining settings are spindle speed of 3450 rpm, a feed rate of 334 mm/min, and depth of cut 2 mm.

A new biodegradable and low cost solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane mainly from Methylcellulose (MC) blended with Ammonium Bromide (AB) to enhance the SPEs ionic conductivity. Casting method was used in this study in order to produce thin film. In this study, MC as a based doped with different weight percentage of AB (4%, 9%, 14%, 19%, 24% and 29%) to produce thin film for further study on polymer electrolytes. Two objectives were done in this study: prepare MC doped AB thin film via casting method and to determine and compare the conductivity of MC and AB with different weight percentage (wt.%) of AB. The result shows that different weight percentage of salt resulting different result of conductivities as ion conductivities is the major part in the battery system. Sample MCAB19 was found to have the maximum ionic conductivity value of 1.42 x 10⁻⁷Scm⁻¹ at room temperature. The samples' conductivity is very low comparing to the commercial used nowadays. However, it is proven that the combination of MC and AB has the prospective to be an alternative to a SPE in the battery.

Corrosion is characterized as metal and alloy degradation or destruction due to a chemical or electrochemical response to the surrounding environment or medium. Different metals corrode at different rates. Many organic and inorganic compounds have been investigated in the control of corrosion by adding the corrosive fluids as they are readily accessible, inexpensive, sustainable and environmental friendly. This research evaluates the effectiveness of Musa paradisiacal as an organic inhibitor of mild steel in marine corrosion. The gravimetric and linear polarization methods were applied to study the corrosion behaviour of mild steel. All the parameters analysed showed good inhibitory characteristics against the corrosion of mild steel in solution being tested, and their efficiency was found to increase with the inhibitor concentration. After a varied immersion duration, the gravimetric and electrochemical measurements for mild steel in seawater showed that the presence of Musa paradisiacal significantly reduces the corrosion densities (icorr) of 0.44 X 10⁻⁶ Acm⁻² and corrosion rates of 0.00507 mm/year, as the polarization resistance (Rp) of 2536.6 and inhibition efficiency (IE) of 99.38 % are synchronously increased.

Disasters can be classified either from mother nature such as landslide, earthquake, tsunami and lightning or cause by human such as leakage in gas production or terrorist attacks. Disaster leads to huge destruction economically and affected human lives. Whilst various technologies available towards disaster analysis occurrence, the Internet of Things (IoT) offers reliable solutions in handling the relevant disasters situation, such as early warning system, real time data analytics, remote monitoring and search and rescue localization. This research developed an integration of emergency response management system with IoT. The system integrates heterogeneous wireless-enabled embedded controller with sensor, smart phones, desktop and wireless communication for end-to-end network connectivity which is monitored by a cloud platform. The system performance was evaluated in terms of the end-to-end link quality estimation and delay.

Sunscreen agents are widely used to protect the skin against sunburn and to prevent the degradation of cosmetics products by sunlight. The good sunscreen agents contain inorganic materials such as synthesized calcium as the active ingredients. Despite using these materials, we discovered the potential of clam shell powder as a new biomaterial product with high calcium, phosphate, chitin and protein that gives a great result in preventing UV light. The clams shell powder was treated in order to synthesis the active ingredients namely Hydroxyapatite (HAp). Hap is added into the formulation of emulsion as sunscreen lotion. The emulsion was analyzed using thermal, spectroscopy and being compared with the commercial products. The uses of this new material is an alternative for the safe, organic, less chemical and a good cosmetic products.

Majority of industrial pipelines and process vessels are constructed from conducting composites. This paper focusing on the hardware and software development of laboratory test Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) measurement methods to obtain the cross-sectional image of the conductivity distribution of gas bubble phantom in a static vertical metallic column filled with water. The system with sixteen sensors implementation was investigated on a stainless steel vertical column of 100 mm inner diameter. The conducting boundary strategy was applied as the measurement strategy. Software for the current study was developed using Graphical User Interface (GUI) application program in MATLAB. The software contains many functions to ease user to get necessary information from the research done. The cross section image of the bubble phantom was reconstructed using Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm after the data collection process was completed. The system has been tested and can successfully generate the phantom under test.

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT), due to its diverse advantages has become a promising technique for monitoring and analysing various industrial flows. In this research, an ERT system employing a conducting bubble column was studied because a majority of industrial processes use metal composites for their columns. This paper presents an approach to obtain the optimum size of electrodes in ERT to maximize the capability of an ERT system. A finite element model using COMSOL software was developed to investigate the effect of the electrode size in ERT on sensing field distribution. By adapting the conducting boundary strategies in COMSOL, wider and longer electrodes reduce the potential change near source, suggesting less current density near source. Besides that, wider and longer electrodes also reduce the potential drop and improve the signal strength in Electrical Resistance Tomography. The optimum size of 12 mm x 100 mm electrode is sufficient for the proposed ERT system using conducting bubble column.

The paper discusses on the electrical conductivity on nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) deposition for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode. The work measures the thickness of Ni-YSZ deposition onto substrate and the electrical conductivity of the anode of SOFC. The thickness of deposition is measured using digital micrometer while the conductivity is obtained by measuring resistance using Fluke multimeter. The factors in this work are particle size and particle condition and using Taguchi method to design the experiment in Minitab 19. It was found out that optimal parameter for high thickness of deposition and high conductivity is nano particle size and uncoated particle condition. The sample using optimal parameter were measured of its conductivity in SOFC environment using furnace up to 700°C. It shows that the optimum condition for SOFC anode is at 700°C to achieved high electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity performance of Ni/YSZ anode fabricated by electroless nickel deposition was found out comparable to previous study.

Oxygen gas detection systems are used in many areas such as environment, clinical, food and automotive industries. Most of the detection systems are based on chemical absorption sensing method. This type of sensing method has their own drawbacks. Therefore, a development of a new oxygen sensor using an optical method is necessary as an alternative to the current sensors. A preliminary study on the molecular absorption cross section for oxygen gas is vital to determine the optimum wavelength is reported. The experimental setup consists of four major components which are light source, gas cell, detector and optical fibre cable. For the light source, a deuterium-halogen bulb will be used as it can provide a broadband wavelength light source from 215 nm - 2500 nm. A miniature spectrometer will be used as the detector and the gas cell is connected to the light source and detector using the optical fibre cables. A software package to display absorption of oxygen molecules is installed in a computer to study on the optimum wavelength. The experiment results show that the light is most absorbed at 230 nm and absorption is increased by cell length. The highest absorption was observed to be in a 100 cm gas cell length with pressurized 5 bar of 99% pure oxygen gas. Based on this result, a wavelength of 230 nm is selected as optimum wavelength to detect oxygen.

Conjugate gradient method and quasi-Newton (QN) method are both well known solvers for solving unconstrained optimization problems. In this paper, we proposed a new conjugate gradient method denoted as Wan, Asrul and Mustafa (WAM) method. This WAM method is then combined with the QN method to produce a new hybrid search direction which is QN-WAM. Based on numerical results, the proposed hybrid method proved to be more efficient compared to the original quasi-Newton method and other hybrid methods.

The present study explores the underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) control named SelamDrone. The manoeuvring which include forward-reverse and rise-sink control is designed and developed. Beforehand, various factors in designing and fabricating first prototype of underwater ROV namely functionality, stability and motor efficiency need to be considered. The description of the SelamDrone ROV and its equipment, manoeuvring equipment control setup and controller algorithm design are presented. The developed algorithm controller for forward-reverse and rise-sink is presented and discussed. Manoeuvring investigation which include trial run and full test run show that the SelamDrone able to function and can be controlled by using joystick of radio controller. In order to overcome the lagging in rising, an introduction of ballast coupled with smaller wire for its umbilical is suggested for future work.

The thermal effect of the adhesive material of Aluminum Alloy 319 (Al319) on the cutting tool (insert) causes major problems in surface roughness, tool wear, as well as temperature due to the tendency to melt during the cutting process which can lead to the formation of formed edges, inaccuracies of measurement on the workpiece, surface damaged due to oxidation, which can reduce the life of the insert. The objective of this research is to optimize the nozzle cooling system method in the machining performance of Aluminum alloy 319 to achieve good surface roughness, low-temperature reading, and less insert wear by selecting machining parameters appropriate to cutting speed, cutting depth, and feed rate. The variety of orifice nozzle measurements used from nozzles 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm with the use of different machining parameters (cutting and spindle speed and with fixed cutting depth) using on CNC lathe condition. This method is done by the basic reaction surface (RSM), which is one of the alternative methods to minimize the cutting process that can be done at high cutting speed in which the temperature can minimize the formation of wear on the insert. Built-in edges and thermal construction can reduce the roughness of the work surface. The results of this research the smallest orifice nozzle used able to minimize the thermal impact and reduce the temperature that causes the arrangement of lower build edges (BUE). Therefore, better surface roughness, minimum insert use as well as low temperatures can be achieved. This is because the direction of the coolant can be directed at a point that can remove heat from the chips. The use of cutting fluid from the smallest nozzle size and technical conditions in the machining process can also be offered to obtain productivity, high-quality products, lower costs as well as minimize environmental impact (refrigerant waste is generated). This research is very useful to minimize the cost of the machining process budget and also increase productivity in the machining industry and can also decrease the dependency of machine operators on the skills and knowledge available.

Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is always recognized as the method of choice across research fields when involving multiple construct, observed variables and relationships. However, there are a very few studies had investigated the SEM efficiency on producing the construct correlation. Thus, the Monte Carlo simulation was conducted on two different methods (CBSEM and Consistent PLS) using different sample size and model. The findings revealed that the CBSEM is performed consistently than Consistent PLS when the model being tested is in factor. The recommendations also provided to guide the SEM users.

Technology evolution now allows for many things. However, it is hard to keep students engaged without a teacher's physical presence contact. Educators may use interactive virtual applications to track students' progress and giving feedback to keep them engaged. Due to the rise of online learning tools; students have an opportunity for personalised instruction and tailored to their specific needs. Thus, this article presents Classkick, an interactive web and mobile app supporting differentiated Mandarin instruction in higher education. A quasi-experiment was used to examine how influences students' knowledge and the teacher's teaching practice. Classkick enhanced the quality of Classkick learning and changed the way students learn. Classkick is a potential app for differentiated instruction. It helps teachers to differentiate instruction for individual need. However, students and teacher need to adjust self-concept to be more effective. The study found that Classkick which can be used to render integrated instruction that can minimise distraction. It showed that technology integrated lessons have a higher impact on student learning than traditional methods.

Discriminant validity is recognized as the essential approach in structural equation modelling method to determine the construct uniqueness in a research model. Using this approach, the applied researchers can identify the distinction role on each construct applied in the study. To date, there are several available approaches has been introduced to perform the discriminant validity. In applied research, the Fornell & Larcker approach is known as the method of choice for discriminant validity. Thus, this study attempt to make a comparison Fornell & Larcker approach with HTMT using CBSEM and Consistent PLS. From here, the results revealed that HTMT based Consistent PLS approach is comparable to Fornell & Larcker based CBSEM but not empirical standard to Fornell & Larcker based Consistent PLS. The discussion and recommendations also provided for this justifications.

This article will discuss the use of computers in home learning culture. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of computer mastery skills among students studying at home, especially during the covid19 pandemic. In addition, this study is also to assess computer skills among students in the culture of learning at home. In addition, this study is to examine managing computer efficiency among students during home learning. In addition to researching a home is the need for a computer to help the effectiveness of learning at home. This study is based on field studies such as observations and questionnaires together with 300 respondents as a complement to this study conducted. The results of the study show that the efficiency of computer operating skills among students while studying at home is causing problems to students in adapting to learning life in new norms. The careless attitude that is easily taken by students while attending classroom learning at home causes students to easily drop out of attending home learning classes. Students find it quite difficult to adapt to the new norms of life by staying at home and attending classes at home. Through re-documentation of this study, it is hoped to add more reference sources to researchers in the future.

Forecasting is an approach that has been used widely for ages. However, forecasting stock market price is a challenging task to be completed as the data fluctuates rapidly along the time and can be influenced by a variety of factors. Hence, this study aims to forecast the stock market price of gold, silver, crude oil and platinum by using Double Exponential Smoothing, Holt's Linear Trend and Random Walk. Then, measures the forecast model obtained by using Sum Square Error, Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error which later can be used in determining the best forecasting method. Based on the analysis done, the result shows that Holt's Linear Trend is the better forecasting method compared to Double Exponential Smoothing and Random Walk.

High blood pressure or hypertension is a global public health issue. High blood pressure can lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and others. The diet problem of high blood pressure patients has always been concerned by the field of operational research. Some previous and recent research have proposed that diet plays an important role in affecting the condition of high blood pressure. A balanced diet will provide essential nutrients for high blood pressure patients that help to control and lower blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to construct a diet menu that meet the nutritional requirements of high blood pressure patient as well as minimize the food cost by developing a mathematical model using linear and integer programming approaches. The model of this study involved 10 type of food groups with 413 types of food variables based on the Malaysian recipes. The findings show that integer programming is a good alternative for linear programming. Integer programming leads to an optimal and effective solutions for the diet problem of high blood pressure patients.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Leg Dynamometer (LD) with squat and deadlift one repetition maximum (1RM) test scores. Participant of this study involved 50 male university athletes who were recreationally active (aged between 21-25 years old). Participants performed LD and one repetition maximum for squat and deadlift test. The score of LD were tested for relationship with the 1RM squat and deadlift. Pearson correlation were conducted to test the relationship. Results showed that there was a significant correlation at high level (r = 0.88, p = 0.000, p <0.001) between the LD test score and the squat while a very high correlation was obtained between the LD test score and the deadlift (r = 0.98, p = 0.000, p <0.001). As the conclusion, LD test that is simple and easy to be conducted produce similar result as the squat and deadlift 1RM test and can be used as a simple assessment of muscular strength among university athletes.

During the Talent Development Intervention programme, there is a need to provide an effective model to assess awareness, skills and experience among potential academics. To qualify as an Academic Leader or Academic Manager, there are certain characteristics and t raits necessary. However, there is a lack of research on the training of talented academicians to improve and avoid the loss of these characteristics and traits. Lack of this training would also contribute to vacancy positions of Academic Administrator without being hired. This paper aims to formulate and compare the Multi-criteria Decision-Making methods using ELECTRE (Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality) and CFPR (Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations) based on proposed model of Multi Criteria Tacit Knowledge Acquisition (MC-TKAF). One set of empirical study based on proposed model contain seventeen (17) main criteria's and one hundred eights (108) sub criteria are used to select the best candidate to fill in academic administrator roles. In this study, our focus is to integrate MCDM using CFFR and ELECTRE into implementation of Talent Development Intervention based on MC-TKAF development criteria. This paper also highlighted previous literatures which has shown how MC TKAF is formed and the justification of MCDM technique that will be used. The finding shows that both techniques produce the same results.