Table of contents

PREFACE

The role of computation and simulation to support research activities in sciences and technologies has become more important in recent decades. The International Conference on Computation in Science and Engineering (ICCSE) 2017 has been conducted in Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) campus, Bandung, Indonesia, on 10-12 July 2017. This conference is organized by Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB, Indonesia) and supported by UIN Sunan Gunung Jati University. This conference aims at summarizing recent research activities relevant to the computation application in science and engineering and facilitate communication among relevant experts.

More than 150 people from Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, India, Australia, Korea, and some other countries have participated in this conference. About 150 presentations including 9 plenary talks are presented. The presentations are grouped into 12 areas of particular interest: (1): Complex system Modelling, (2): Energy System Computation, (3): Fluid Dynamics Computation, (4): Artificial Intelligent and Soft Computing, (5): High Energy Physics, (6): Simulation in general, (7): Quantum Computation, (8) HPC, (9): Material Computation, (10): Sub surface modelling and computation, (11): Nuclear and Radiation Computation, and (12): Atmospheric and meteorological computation.

From about 100 full papers submitted after the conference for publication in IOP conference proceedings, after peer review process by relevant experts, 83 papers were accepted for publication in this proceeding. We are indebted to all of authors for submitting their original papers.

We would like to thank all participants, all members of the International Board, members of the Organizing Committee, and I express my gratitude to all those who helped the success of this conference.

Zaki Su'ud

Dwi Irwanto

ICCSE 2017 Chairman

ICCSE 2017 Co-Chairman

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, current computations in nuclear engineering are presented, where areas of nuclear engineering, procedures for solution, limits of analysis, and increases of computer performance are explained. In the second part, future computations in nuclear engineering are presented, where two examples are discussed. One example is computations for innovative nuclear reactors. The other is computations for accident management.

We develop an agent based model (ABM) to simulate the behaviour of a colony of vampire bats (Order: Chiroptera) and study the by-product group benefits that result from resource-sharing among related as well as unrelated members of the colony. Such cooperative behaviour can lead to unexpected group benefits; there is an increase the inclusive fitness of related members of the colony (namely kin) and can have direct benefit when shared with unrelated members (namely non-kin). Sharing can also provides by-product benefits when individuals have a shared (or group) interest.

Our study focuses on the contrast in the group estimates between sharing and non-sharing populations. For constant ecological resources, sharing behaviour can increase the sustainable population size, increase the total resource stored in the population, and reduce the average resource required per individual, compared to a non-sharing population. (The extent of the increase or decrease will depend on the parameters of the model). This increased carrying capacity due to resource sharing can increase the fitness of individuals in the group. The increase in cooperativity has a nonlinear effect on group benefits: Substantial group benefits are shown only after a cooperativity threshold, and it increases exponentially to a maximum thereafter.

The developing world has always been a spectator and consumer participant in the ICT technology since the pioneering computing years of post second world war of world economic growth. The developed world led by the US, Europe, Japan, and later South Korea have surged far ahead in ICT being represented by their own creation of microprocessor platforms evolving into an exclusive club which they locked with licensing. Their early advantage of mostly trial and error processor designs have proven to be a market success that discouraged new aspiring contenders. New CAD tools have arrived along with the cloud computing model presenting new opportunities. Major ICT developments such as the Microsoft Catapult project in 2012, and the Intel purchase of Altera for USD16.7 billion in 2016 should be perceived as alert warnings. To us this is the perfect time to capitalize on the mistakes of the earlier processor designs to create a new and novel 32-bit processor for the rest of the free world to hop along the ICT revolution into the cloud and IoT applications on Freeware platform as active creative participants. These aspirations have to begin at the education level with an easy to learn 32-bit processor model.

Simulation studies on neutron transport and material activation for lead-lithium (Pb-17Li) blanket of the inertial fusion reactor "KOYO-FAST" were performed with the PHITS code and the EASY 2005 code. Tritium breeding ratio (TBR) and productions of harmful radioactive isotopes ²¹⁰Po and ²⁰³Hg in the blanket are made clear. The blanket performances improved by enrichment of stable isotope (⁶Li, ²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb or ²⁰⁷Pb) are also made clear. The TBR is 1.28 for the blanket with a natural Pb-17Li alloy. The large TBR is allowed because of large blanket space in the reactor chamber. The TBR reaches 1.64 when ⁶Li is enriched to 90%. In this case, intermediate and thermal neutrons, that are necessary to produce ²¹⁰Po and ²⁰³Hg, are preferentially captured by the ⁶Li (n, α) T reaction. Then, the productions of ²¹⁰Po and ²⁰³Hg are mitigated. The enrichment of ²⁰⁴Pb leads to a small TBR, because neutrons are captured by ²⁰⁴Pb due to its large cross section for (n. γ) reaction. The TBR of ²⁰⁶Pb or ²⁰⁷Pb enriched Pb-17Li is more or less the same with that of the natural Pb-17Li. In these cases, the productions of ²¹⁰Po and ²⁰³Hg are slightly mitigated because of the removal of ²⁰⁸Pb and ²⁰⁴Pb from the blanket.

Luminescence is emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat. It is form of cold body radiation. It can be caused by chemical reactions of the substance with other substances around it, electrical energy, subatomic motions or stress on a crystal. There are many types of luminescence. One of it is phosphorescent. Phosphorescent is made from phosphors such as doped strontium aluminate. Phosphorescent emission light persists long after it has been exposed to light and will fading over time. Promethium (Pm) is low energy beta emitter. It does not degrade the phosphor lattice and the luminosity of the material does not degrade so fast. Promethium based paints are safer than Radium (Ra) and have half-life about more than two years. Promethium usually found in form oxidation called promethium (III) oxide (Pm2O3) and usually applied on watch and phones dial. The study of a band structure of Pm2O3 has not been covered yet. By using density functional theory, we calculated the band gap of promethium (III) oxide from it crystalline structure. The calculated band structure show a clear band gap between valence and conduction band at Fermi level. However the value shows very small gap at 0.286 eV. The density of state and partial density of states has been produced. The calculation has been done using different type of approximation from general gradient approximation (GGA).

CANDLE Burn-up has been widely investigated during the last 15 years and give excellent possibility for natural Uranum utilization without the necessity of fuel enrchment plant and fuel reprocessing plant. Modified CANDLE burn-up scheme is a slight modification of CANDLE burn-up scheme by adopting discreet regions in the core. Modified CANDLE burn-up calculation is a complex calculations because it need accurate treatment of nuclear group constants, burn-up calculations, and multigroup diffusion calculations. Another problem come from the fact that the burn-up level of fuel is very high. Therefore the fission produc treatment have to be carried out in a highly accurate apporach and alsolarge number of energy groups is applied. Large number of Fission product is considered durng simulations. The calculations are performed under iterative scheme. For 10 regions and 10 years of burn-up period, first initial power density distributions are assumed and then multi-group diffusion and burn-up calculations are conducted. After 10 years of burn-up process the fuel in the first region is moved to the second region, the fuel in the second region was moved to the third region, the fuel in the third region is moved to the forth region, and so on. The fuel in the 10th region is then taken out. The first region is filled with the fresh fuel of natural uranium. The process is repeated till equilibrium condition achieved. Modified CANDLE burnup also has evolved to radial shuffling and combined axial-radial shuffling scheme.

The perennial crops are potentially used as renewable fuels in the boiler furnace. Due to its specific characteristics, the burner design for this biomass needs to be properly developed. The burner design proposed here is a cylindrical burner having an axial inlet and a pair of tangential injection. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of tangential inlet geometry on the burner performance, through numerical evaluation of fluid dynamics characteristics. The numerical evaluations are conducted using k-ε turbulence model under Ansys-Fluent software. The simulation results showed that, at certain orientation angles of tangential inlet, there are back flows from furnace to the internal burner. This phenomenon is responsible to the flame stability in the burner. The turbulence intensity and convective heat transfer coefficient are also influenced by the tangential inlet orientation angle. For same cross sectional area, the rectangular tangential inlet shape generated deeper backflow penetration and higher turbulence intensity than that was done by the circular ones. One of the rectangular shape shortcomings to the circular ones is to produce the higher static pressure, which correlate to the higher burner operating cost. This investigation study concluded that the burner with rectangular tangential inlet shape and orientation angle of 20⁰ potentially produces the best burner performance.

In this study, polypropylene membrane contactor is designed for SO₂ absorption of simulated flue gas. Water and the aqueous solution of Na₂SO₃ are used as an absorbent. Absorption performance of the longitudinal module is compared to novel transversal membrane contactor module. The result shows that the transversal configuration of hollow fiber module significantly enhances absorption performance over conventional longitudinal configuration. Absorption flux of SO₂ in aqueous Na₂SO₂ is 1.8 times higher than water at optimum Na₂SO₃ concentration and gas flow rate. According to performance stability test, polypropylene hollow fiber membrane is successfully operated for 15 hours maintaining average absorption flux of 20 x 10⁻⁵ mol.m⁻².s⁻¹. Numerical simulation shows good agreement with physical absorption data.

System of semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill is modeled in this work based on circular-disk objects, which represents not only the ground materials but also the mill liners. Interaction between these objects is through linear spring dash-pot force, which is solved numerically in soft-sphere scheme using molecular dynamics (MD) method. There is also force due to earth gravity. For ground materials a grain consists of several smaller grains, which are attached through some adhesive force. As the ground materials are smashed to the mill liners, when they reach maximum compression, they will be shattered into the smaller grains. Shattering process happens in a special materials motion known as cataracting mode. Friction is not considered in this work due to its complexity.

In this paper, we describe a new 3-D chaotic system with line equilibrium. A detailed analysis of the proposed chaotic system is provided with MATLAB phase portraits, equilibrium points, symmetry, invariance, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, bifurcation diagram and a Poincarè map. For specific values of the parameters, the proposed system displays chaotic behaviour. We apply adaptive control method for the global chaos synchronization of the new chaotic systems with unknown system parameters. In addition, a new circuit implementation of the new chaotic system is reported and examined in MultiSIM. A good qualitative agreement is shown between the simulations and the MultiSIM results.

Naturally, nuclear fuel resources are coming from uranium and thorium fuels for nuclear energy utilization. As by product reactor operation, some spent nuclear nuclear are produce which can be optimized by optimum recycled fuel option, as well as new fuel resource to increases fuel sustainabililty aspect of nuclear fuel. Several nuclear reactor types and the utilization of some recycled fuel options from their spent nuclear fuel as well as fuel breeding cabalitiy of the reactor based on those uranium and thorium fuel cycles. Some important parameters have been analyzed such as reactor performance of criticality and fuel conversion as well as some actinide productions in the present evaluation based on several fuel cycle schemes. As a basic recycling scheme, an open and a closed-fuel cycle of some actinides was used based on water-cooled reactor system, including ligh water and heavy water coolant. Basic analysis of the system is based on an equilibrium burnup calculation for the present computational approach analysis. Once through case requires more fissile materials than MOX fuel scheme to maintain criticality condition and heavy water coolant requires more fissile material than light water coolant for UOX fuel case, however, it shows the opposite trend for in case of MOX fuel. Thorium cycle requires more fissile material of U-233 for heavy water coolant than light water coolant. In term of light water case, the required fissile material of U-233 is less for thorium case than fissile material of U-235 in MOX fuel case. Fuel conversion ratios are obtained less than unity except for heavy water coolant of MOX fuel case, which obtains slightly more than unity. Thorium fuel shows better fuel breeding capability as well as heavy water coolant, which gives more fuel conversion capability than light water coolant. Actinide compositions of plutonium gives more than 1% for light water coolant and more than 10% for heavy water coolant case. For different fuel scheme cases, it shows that plutonium recycled scheme as MOX fuel case gives higher production of actinide or trans-uranium actinides from neptunium up to Curium than UOX fuel case for H2O coolant. Total even mass plutonium isotope produces higher than total odd mass plutonium isotope for both coolants and heavy water coolant produces more than its production for light water coolant. Better composition of even mass plutonium has shown better proliferation resistant level which is shown by plutonium recycled scheme and heavy water coolant case.

This paper describes the study of cooling performance of cold storage in a pharmaceutical industry. It was intended to investigate the temperature distribution inside the storage that is an important performance factor in pharmaceutical industry cold storage. Cold storage that used is a ceiling type with the liquid bottle loading.

Temperature distribution and the storage cooling performance were studied using experimental measurement and numerical simulation. Some variation of bottle arrangement and rack arrangement have been observed to show the impact of distribution temperature and cooling performance of cold storage. Surface temperatures of the bottles were measured with different bottles and rack arrangement. The temperature of cold storage was set to 5°C. In numerical simulation, a transient three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was developed to investigate the cooling performance and temperature distribution inside bottle.

At this stage, the results showed that rack arrangement that parallel with the cold room fan and V shape bottle layout has given a good cooling performance (it takes 1480 minutes to reach a stable temperature at the setpoint) and an optimum temperature distribution (with temperature difference of 0.58 °C). For the measurement of the distribution of temperature in the bottle, the mean deviation value between the simulation and the experiment on the measurement of 2 coordinate points (X = 0,1 m, Y = 0,3 m, Z = 0 m and X = -0,1 m, Y = 0,3 m, Z = 0 m) were 5,5 % and 7,6 %.

The calculation of ⁹⁹Mo isotope production of SAMOP (Subcritical Assembly for ⁹⁹Mo Production) experimental test facility using SRAC computer code has been done. The SAMOP experimental test facility is a reactor in subcritical condition fueled with low-enriched uranium in the form of uranyl nitrate solution, with uranium concentration of 300 g U/L, and driven by an external neutron source. The calculation method is using Standard Reactor Analysis Code (SRAC) which is a computer code package system applicable to neutronic analysis for various types and forms of the nuclear reactor core. The calculation results show that the neutron multiplication factor of 0.981 to 0.992 can be achieved with 30.2989 L to 31.4587 L uranyl nitrate in the certain core configuration of SAMOP test reactor. The ⁹⁹Mo isotope production calculation for 6-day operation (batch) shows that the SAMOP test facility can produce approximately 437.03 mCi (16170.11 MBq) per batch, and the ⁹⁹Mo production will reach a saturated condition at twelve day operation.

The assessment and comparison of income inequality and poverty can be supported by estimating the probability distribution of income. Income distributions which are typically heavy-tailed and positively skewed have been estimated both parametric and nonparametric approach. In parametric approach, finite mixtures distributions have been usefully implemented in the modelling of income distributions which has the multimodal characteristic. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is one of the estimation methods which has a good performance in estimating the parameter of Bayesian finite mixture model. The convergence of the MCMC sampler to the posterior distribution is typically assessed using standard diagnostics methods, i.e., Gelman-Rubin method, Geweke method, Raftery-Lewis method and Heidelberger-Welch method. Those methods can give different results to conclude MCMC convergence condition. In this paper, a real sample income data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2015 and BidikMisi 2015 are employed to demonstrate the performance of diagnostics tools that assess convergence of the MCMC algorithm in estimating the parameter of Bayesian finite mixture models.

RC circuit is the basic physics experiment show the charging and discharging on capacitor electronic component. In this paper, we have investigated the numerical simulation from the mathematical model of charging and discharging of capacitor, also we developed experimentally RC circuit using Raspberry Pi single board microprocessor and make interfaces using Python software. The benefit of this system that all of them was open Source and can help the physics experiment easily at the laboratory. To get data acquisition from RC circuit we used IC MCP3008 which have converted an analog to digital data. The experimental result showed the best agreement with the numerical simulation result.

In this paper, we consider water waves excited by moving topography. This problem usually occurs in the tsunami generation and propagation. We use the shallow water wave model governing this wave generation and propagation problem. Two finite difference methods are tested to solve the problem. The first is the forward in time centred in space finite difference method. The second is the Adams-Bashforth--Adams-Moulton method. We obtain that the second gives more flexibility in terms of the choice of time step value.

This paper investigates the approximate solution of Riccati differential equations, and DNA repair model which is formed by Riccati equation. The existence result of the solution is obtained by Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Some initial value problems are solved by the method to demonstrate the main results. The obtained results are compared with the Runge-Kutta method to verify the validity of the ADM. It shows that the ADM has better results than the Runge-Kutta method. This results confirm that the ADM is a suitable method for approaching the exact solution of Riccati differential equations and the proposed model.

This paper presents the design of solid biomass natural convection stove test with that solid biomass as fuel in one of the small household industries. Corncob, coconut shell and wood chips waste were utilized using the stove with combustion chamber diameter of 15 cm and the height of 45 cm. The performance test of the stove includes combustion flame temperature, visual flame color and water boiling test as well as economic evaluation.The results of the test showed the start-up time of 10.55-16.34 min., the specific fuel consumption (S_c) of 0.51 to 0.76 kg/h, with the thermal efficiency (η_th) of 20-21% has a maximum fire power of 22.97 kW and 8.76 kW using coconut shells and wood chips, respectively. The biomass consumption cost for boiling water was about IDR 130-300/kg of water. The biomass utilization for frying fish gave a higher profit margin of IDR 1,500/kg fish compared to LPG. From this study, the performance test is met to the Indonesian National Standard of biomass stove (SNI 7926:2013) and suitable for the households, especially small household industries in rural areas. Further study related to CO and particulates emissions will be conducted in an attempt to improve this biomass stove design. Life cycle assessment of the used of solid biomass for heat production will be studied as well.

In a combined cycle, it is rare to find the use of supplementary firing in Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). However, supplementary firing is actually responsible for 200%-400% steam production increase due to additional combustion process inside HRSG. This process evidently produced radiation heat transfer so it is appealing to conduct a further research on it.This study attempts to evaluate 3 dimensional radiation heat transfer in the industrial supplementary firing. Discrete Ordinates (DO) method and Weighted Sum-Gray Gases (WSGGM) model are combined to outline the radiation process, whilst non-premixed with Probability Density Function (PDF) Chemical Equlibrium model is used for combustion analysis. Evaluation is conducted using variations of load 50%, 75%, and 100% of Gas Turbine (GT) industrial datasheet. Validation is build upon load 100% of GT datasheet. Based on the evaluation, datasheet outcome shown that simulation possessed 2.90% and 5.28 % deviation for temperature and pressure respectively. From wall heat flux radiation, this study found that load 50% of gas turbine variation had the best trend, are emit radiation (22413.50 W/m²) and absorb radiation (-11847.5 W/m²) compared to the other options available.

Service Engineering (SE) is defined as a set of activities introducing a new business service. An object-oriented methodology is defined as principles and procedures to develop object-oriented software. This paper proposes an object-oriented methodology embedded SE framework in re-defining business service as a service-oriented application with detail implementation by using Activities and Artifacts. The proposed model for SE lifecycle consists of Process, Notation, and Tools modeled by utilizing Unified Process (UP), Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), a programming language that supports the Business Process Management System (BPMS). In this research, the explanation is organized into three parts: (1) the brief review of the existing SE framework, (2) the elaboration of the proposed model, and (3) the detail of the SE lifecycle model with survey results from case studies. The framework is proposed to help practitioners and researchers to conduct service-oriented application by employing principles and methodology offered by the object-oriented approach.

Design study of long life 600 MWt gas cooled fast reactors which can be operated for 25 years without refueling or fuel shuffling has been performed. A small Gas-cooled Fast Reactors (GFRs) core loaded with uranium nitride fuel (UN) and mixed nitride fuel (UN-PuN) have been calculation by SRAC code system and FI-ITB CH1 code. The results shows that it has been obtained some designs which can be operated for 25 years with relatively excess reactivity. The maximum excess reactivity is 2% dk/k. The reactor core is divided into three regions, the first regon is filled with highest content of plutonium and located in the most outer region. The second part of the core is filed with second highest plutonium content and located in the inner part of first region. The third region is filled wiith the lowest content of plutonium and located in the central part of the core. At the begnning of life the first reactor is the most dominant, but as time proceeds the second and the third regions of the core become more important. The average burn-up is around 10% HM

Development in surface modifications including texturing and boundary slip has shown promising outcomes in enhancing the hydrodynamic lubrication performance. In this work, the modified Reynolds equation was considered in order to evaluate the tribo-characteristics of partially textured contact with boundary slip. Finite volume method coupled with tridiagonal matrix algorithm was used to solve non-linear Reynolds theory. For maximizing the load support, the optimization procedure was carried out using the exact optimization method. Results showed encouraging improvements in load support behaviour by shifting the multiple-texture to exit zone of the contact. It was also confirmed that the improvement of the load support of around 300% using the optimized textured lubricated contact could be achieved.

Global optimization problem still becomes a challenges due to the problem on locating the global optimum of multimodal function. How to reach the better minimizer from the current minimizer and how to decide that the obtained minimizer is the desired one are both major challenges on solving global optimization problem. Filled function method is one of the recent considered deterministic easy applied methods which concerned to the mentioned problems. The basic concept of filled function method is firstly by minimizing the objective function (first phase) then to build such an auxiliary function which to be minimized (second phase) in order to locate a point with lower function value than the current minimizer of the objective function. In the second phase, a local minimization method can be applied. Newton's method is considered to be fast method on finding the zero of gradient of quadratic function, but may be very expensive or infeasible to determine the Hessian matrix in the case of complex problems. The Jameson gradient based method is the search procedures which avoid the need to store an estimate of the Hessian as well as its inverse and do not require exact line searches. In this paper, an algorithm in cooperation of parameter free filled function method and Jameson gradient method are introduced for solving global optimization problem with two variables. The algorithm is implemented to some benchmark test function. The numerical performance of the method on solving two-dimensional global optimization problems is presented.

The main purpose of this paper is to improve vibration characteristic, which is natural frequency, of fan blade to get a good natural frequency. An existing table fan model TF1610 of three speeds with 16 inches blades was used for the study. To complete this study, finite element method has been used to perform the simulation and the analysis of the table fan blade. Components of the table fan are drawn using CATIA software. By using finite element software, the drawn table fan design was run for the analysis and the simulation to get the natural frequencies of the table fan blade and compared with the natural frequencies of the motor. The results show that, for Polycarbonate material, shape 4 is considered as the best shape. Shape 2 is considered as the best shape for Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene material.

Most of the studies of journal bearing performance are based on a two-dimensional calculation approach which lead to the questionable conclusions. In addition, the deformation of the surface is often ignored in the analysis. In the present study, modern technique for analyzing the lubrication performance is developed based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method to get more realistic result. In this way, the deformation which may affect the lubricant thickness will be recalculated based on the film thickness profile in each step. The validation of the developed FSI technique is also carried. The simulation results show that FSI method can be used to analyze the performance of current journal bearing calculation in more accurate compared to conventional method.

In this paper, we performed the Genetic Algorithm within problems of quadratic investment portfolio without a risk-free asset under Value-at-Risk. The limitation of this study is that the risk of an investment portfolio measured by Value-at-Risk, and each investor has the nature of risk aversion. To solve these problems: First, we established the mean vector and covariance matrix. The second step was to define the vector mean and covariance matrices for the formulation of Value-at-Risk of the investment portfolio. Third, using the mean vector and Value-at-Risk established the model. To complete the optimization problem, we performed the Genetic Algorithm. The results show that the trade-off between risk and expected return does not only depend on the type of investor but also on the size of the investment. The Genetic Algorithm certifies us the robust solution in the optimization problem because of its natural ability to locate the global minimal. Moreover, genetic algorithm can be used as an effective way in numerical completion of the optimization of quadratic investment portfolio. In a realistic investment situation, it has likely more constraints. For example, the restriction on short-selling, is need to be considered.

Currently, there is a great interest in the use of texturing as well as the slip because these surface are able to improve the lubrication performance and thus higher life time of the bearing. In the present work, the modified Reynolds equation considering mass conserving cavitation model is established on the basis of Navier-slip model, in which the slip-textured bearing is considered. The texture shape of the single textured bearing with slip located at the inlet is of particular interest. Various shapes of texture, i.e. triangular, rectangular, and parabola are explored with respect to the hydrodynamic lubrication performance (i.e. the load support and the friction). The inlet length containing slip condition is also varied. The results show that triangular shape of texture gives the higher load support compared to other shape for all value of the inlet length. However, with respect to the friction force, rectangular shape gives the lowest friction force, whilst the triangular shape produces a contrary result.

In this study, it is investigated the total energy, nuclear radii, and neutron skin thickness of nuclear reactor fuel elements by using Skyrme interaction collaborated with Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method. Both proton and neutron densities were calculated by using SIII set parameters. The calculation results of this study are in good agreement with the related experimental results.

We studied two frontier orbitals - the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)- of tetrahydrocurumin (THC) using density-functional theory (DFT) in water solvent. These orbitals were observed in THC molecule without one hydrogen atom (dehydrogenated THC). The loss of hydrogen atom is due to the transfer of the atom from THC molecule toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Hydrogen atom transfer –HAT- mechanism). We began our investigation by optimizing dehydrogenated THC at three X-H sites. Then, water solvent was added by using polarized continuum model (PCM) method. This study observed that dehydrogenated THC at two O-H sites has wider gap of HOMO-LUMO compare to C-H site.

One way of maintaining the information confidentiality is by using a cryptographic technique such as hybrid cryptosystem. A hybrid cryptosystem is a combination of symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. On symmetric algorithms, the time which it takes to perform encryption and decryption is shorter than an asymmetric algorithm. While the advantages of asymmetric algorithms are only needed to maintain the confidentiality of the private key without the need to frequently change the key as the symmetric algorithm. In this algorithm, there is no need to send the key private key as in the system of symmetry. This research uses the IDEA of symmetry algorithm and algorithm of knapsack asymmetry. The IDEA of the algorithm is to secure a text message, while the knapsack algorithm is to maintain the confidentiality of the message key distribution. Information has acquired in the form of a string. Because the IDEA is a block cipher, then the length of the text characters is out of stock divided by 8. The use of a hybrid cryptosystem with Knapsack algorithm IDEA and managed to keep the integrity of the data, so the data is encoded can return to its original form.

The Subcritical Assembly for Molybdenum-99 Production (SAMOP) system by using low enriched uranyl nitrate solution as reactor fuel is being developed and designed in the Centre for Accelerator Science & Technology, Yogyakarta. The source term analysis of the SAMOP experimental facility is done in conjunction with the radiation shielding design. The method used is by using MCNPX software for fuel burn-up calculations. The burnup calculation is done both in the reactor operation without ⁹⁹Mo extraction and with 100% ⁹⁹Mo extraction per batch (6 day + 1 day reactor off) along 1 month operation (5 batch). The calculation was done for two conditions i.e. without and with ⁹⁹Mo extraction. The calculation result shows that the radioactivity inside the SAMOP reactor core reach 523 Ci for the condition without ⁹⁹Mo extraction. The effective dose at a distance of 50 cm from the outer surface of the SAMOP reactor coolant tank is 1600 mSv/h. When the SAMOP reactor is operated then followed by ⁹⁹Mo extraction, the overall radioactivity of the reactor core is slightly lower than the above value. The calculation results also shows that the highest dose from volatile nuclide is caused by ¹³²Te isotope i.e. 92.12 mSv/h.

The Subcritical Assembly for ⁹⁹Mo Production (SAMOP) rector is considered a suitable candidate to produce ^99mTc isotope on a small scale. The design of SAMOP reactor using uranyl nitrate (UN) as fuel has been studied at National Nuclear Energy Agency. The neutronic analysis of the SAMOP Experimental Facility will be reported in this paper. The SAMOP reactor core design consists of an annular tube containing UN surrounded by the ring of UN tubes, and a fuel tube absorber follower is inserted in the center of the core. The work covers the criticality calculation to secure the sub-criticality level and neutron flux distribution analysis. The computational method is using SCALE computer code. The analysis result shows that for the required neutron multiplication factor of 0.98 to 0.99 (sub-criticality level) can be achieved by a combination of fuel (UN) height in the annular tube of 38 cm surrounded by 5 – 8 of UN tubes in the ring. For the UN height in the annular tube of 39 cm, it should be surrounded by 3 – 6 of UN tubes in the ring.

Neutronic analysis of UN-PuN fuel use FI-ITB-CHI code for 500MWth GFR longlife without refuelling has been done. The reactor use fast neutron spectrum, helium coolant and stainless steel for the cladding. The FI-ITB-CHI is code to calculate the neutronic analysis both fuel pin and core calculation. The parametric survey of various Plutonium percentages with homogeneous core configuration and variation of fuel volume fraction has been done. The variation is from 8% percentage of Pu up to 15% percentage of Pu. The 11% percentage of Plutonium has k-eff value more stable than the others, or we can say that it has critical condition. And the variation of fuel volume fraction is from 40% up to 60%. When the fuel volume fraction is increase, the reactor can be operated longer than small fuel volume fraction. The 60% of fuel volume fraction has optimum value in this case. For heterogeneous core configuration, there is three type of fuel, i.e. fuel 1 (F1), fuel 2 (F2) and fuel 3 (F3). The percentage plutonium of F3 is varied from 13%, 13.5% and 14%. The optimum value for heterogeneous core configuration is use case 1 which is use 8% percentage of plutonium for F1, 10% for F2 and 14% for F3. The reactor can be operated almost 25 years without refueling.

This paper present and explain the analysis of power flow and small-signal stability of the electrical system in the islands of South Sulawesi, East and West (Sulselrabar) located in Indonesia. The research focused on the Eigen values analysis that used to investigate small-signal stability performance of the main electricity grid when the fault conditions with and without control equipment as well as the inclusion of wind turbines large scale on the system. Power Systems Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), which integrated in MATLAB is used to develop a network topology in Sulselrabar. This study allowed us to determine the optimal location of the placement of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) to dampen the oscillation. The simulation result shows the placement of PSS on two generators can add system stability and help the system to resume operation at the balance point. Time domain simulation methods are used to see the frequency response of the rotor speed.

Metamaterial application of hexagonal structures with two hexagonal ring-centered, hexagonal ring resonators (SRR-H) for frequency filter has greatly developed but in microwave frequency range. This paper proposes both higher frequency filter and energy. The SRR-H is designed and computed in the 300GHz - 300THz with outer and inner radii of SRR-H respectively for 0.5μm and 0.36μm to 0.35μm and 0.21μm. The simulation results show that the SRR-H size has an effect on the resonance frequency with the largest refractive index occurring at low frequency with the refractive index peak of -6.0242 corresponding to 9.765THz for SRR-H structure of outer and inner radius 0.4μm and 0.26μm.Resonance frequencies tend to shift at high frequencies when the geometrical size of the structure is reduced. This SRR-H filter can be used in THz frequency because the width of the resonance frequency occurs in SRR-H structure.

A basic theory of an analytical calculation method to determine the atomic density of each individual nuclide contained in a homogeneous system of uranyl nitrate solution is presented. Atomic density or number density is a number of atoms or nuclides per cm³ or in a unit of atoms per barn-cm. This parameter is one of the important factors in defining the accuracy of neutronic calculations as such used in reactor core design. This work was carried out as part of neutronic design calculation of the SAMOP (subcritical assembly for ⁹⁹Mo isotope production) project, where uranyl nitrate solution was used as fuel with uranium enrichment of 20%. A homogeneous solution made by dissolving uranyl nitrate salt [UO₂ (NO₃)₂] into H₂O solvent has been used as an approach to this model. Two kinds of solution were described i.e. one that was made based on the amount of UO₂(NO₃)₂ dissolved in the solution and another one based on the amount of uranium in the solution. Expectedly this method can be used as an alternative way in estimating the atom density, solution density (g/cc) and the corresponding atom and weight fractions which is important in criticality calculations.

Driving vehicles are complex and require undivided attention to prevent road accidents. Fatigue and distraction are a major risk factor that causes traffic accidents, severe injuries, and a high risk of death. Some progress has been made for driver drowsiness detection using a contact-based method that utilizes vehicle parts (such as steering angle and pressure on the pedal) and physiological signals (electrocardiogram and electromyogram). However, a contactless system is more potential for real-world conditions. In this study, we propose a computer vision based method to detect driver's drowsiness from a video taken by a camera. The method attempts to recognize the face and then detecting the eye in every frame. From the detected eye, iris regions for left and right eyes are used to calculate the PERCLOS measure (the percentage of total time that eye is closed). The proposed method was evaluated based on public YawDD video dataset. The results found that PERCLOS value when the driver is alert is lower than when the driver is drowsy.

Rucklidge chaotic system is a nonlinear mechanical model of a double convection process. In this paper, we modify the dynamics of a Rucklidge chaotic system by adding a nonlinear term and derive a new chaotic system. The nonlinear dynamics of the proposed chaotic system is described through numerical simulations which include the stability analysis of equilibrium points, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, bifurcation diagram and a Poincarè map. For specific values of the parameters, the proposed system displays periodic and chaotic behaviour. In addition, a new circuit implementation of the modified Rucklidge chaotic system is reported and examined in MultiSIM. A good qualitative agreement is shown between the simulations and the MultiSIM results. Furthermore, the fractional-order form of the modified Rucklidge chaotic system is numerically studied. By tuning the commensurate fractional order, the new chaotic system displays chaotic and periodic attractors, respectively.

In the maritime continent where most of the region is an ocean, wind field is the main driving force to generate ocean wave. The use of inaccurate wind fields to drive ocean model may result in significant biases. Many global reanalysis wind data are available, but the performance is subject to each region. Moreover, the resolution of global data is less representative for the maritime continent region. This paper presents the dynamically downscaled near-surface wind of NCEP/DOE re-analysis II (R2) over the maritime continent by regional climate model (RegCM4.6). We evaluate 10m wind modeled by R2 and its downscaled based on stations measurement available from Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG). Moreover, the results of downscaled wind are also compared with re-analysis wind from ECWMF ERA-Interim. We compare daily 10m zonal and meridional wind speed from 10 stations near the coast during 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2016. Then, we investigate the added value of the dynamical downscaling to the near-surface wind fields over the maritime continent.

Ionizing radiation for cancer treatment also known as radiotherapy has undergone development for more than century. Radiation kills cancer by giving partially or entirely all of the energy to the tumor tissue, especially in the DNA. If tumor or a cancer is irradiated by radiotherapy, there is no way to avoid the tissues near cancer will be affected by the radiation. As a result, the healthy tissues near tumor will lose their functionality, or worse, there may appear a new tumor in that tissues. Therefore, it should be done some improvement in the quality of radiotherapy, one of the examples is optimization of time-dose fractionation radiotherapy scheme. To optimize the fractionation dose, is made a program in MATLAB using simulated annealing as the optimization method. The objective function is Biologically Effective Dose of cancer, with constraints are Biologically Effective Dose of the healthy tissues around cancer. After obtaining the optimum dose per fraction, the data will be analyzed for the total and fractionation time. Thus, it would be obtained the optimum of time scheme and dose fractionation of cancer. The result of this research will show the dose per fraction from the total time in 10 until 60 days in both of the treatment schemes, the value of Biologically Effective Dose of the cancer, and the optimum of dose per fraction from both of the treatments.

Numerous studies reported that inertia of the lubricant has been considered as one of physical parameters which has a strong effect on the load support of textured bearing. In the present study, based on two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, the investigatation of the inertia effect on bearing performance is carried out varying the texture length. The Navier-Stokes equation coupled with the cavitation model are discretized using finite volume method and solved using the commercial software FLUENT®. The results show that the inertia increases the hydrodynamic film pressure and thus the load support. In addition, it is also found that increasing the texture length as well as Reynolds number will increase the cavitation region.

Surface texturing with slip can have a significant effect on the lubrication performance in hydrodynamic bearing. In the present paper, the texture shape consisting of parabola, rectangular, and triangular for partially texture bearing is of particular interest. Number of the texture cells are also varied to obtain the optimal tribological performance in terms of load support and friction force. The slip is located at the leading edge of the contact to achieve the highest performance. The modified Reynolds equation with slip is adopted and discretized using finite volume method. The tridiagonal matrix algorithm is used to solve this equation. The numerical results show that the number of texture cells has a significant effect on the load support as well as the friction force. However, it is also found that there is no texture shape which is superior for all performances. Thus, a particular care must be chosen with respect to the number of textures as well as the texture shapes to obtain the optimal tribological performance. This finding can be used as a guideline to design the bearing with optimal performance.

Implementation of intelligent system that was utilized by research activities for numerous domains is very broad. Industry, transportation, health, and also government are several sector examples where such a system is incredibly beneficial. The condition of Indonesian government system for supply chain environment is a challenge for develop software product line which has intelligent mechanism. We proposed the Intelligent Software Product line for supply chain. We proposed conceptual framework which is a guidance for system developer to create system. We called the framework with I-SPL Framework.

In this study, we investigate the facial tracking and expression recognition to developed Social Robot called SyPEHUL (System of Physics, Electronics, HUmanoid robot and machine Learning). This social robot contains by 12 Degree of Freedom (DoF) for actuating robotic head based on Arduino microcontroller to display four type different facial expressions and tracking of the human face. In this research, expression recognition processed by an algorithm based on Python 2.7 (with OpenCV library) using Cascade Classification and LBPH Face Recognizer. The result shows that the implementation of facial tracking and expression recognition to Social Robot show a good accuracy of recognition rate and works well for Human-Robot Interaction.

Ion-exchange membrane (IEM) can be classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous membrane according to the heterogeneity of membrane structure. Results of various studies indicated that the degree of heterogeneity significantly affects the properties and performance of IEMs, such as conductivity, permselectivity, mechanical and chemical stability, energy consumption, and limiting current density. In the case of transport properties, it may be associated with efficacy of Donnan exclusion influenced by the presence of interstitial solution and inert phase in the membrane matrix. Therefore, understanding the effect of heterogeneity on Donnan exclusion is important to provide preliminary information about IEM transport properties. In this paper, the effect of IEC/Wu on Donnan exclusion is discussed. The effect of heterogeneity on Donnan exclusion is expressed as a correlation of IEC/Wu ratio with Donnan equilibrium constant, KD, and transport number of counter-ion, t_i.

This research shows the implementation of speech recognition to control arm robot. The method to identify the speech recognition using Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). LPC method used to feature extraction the signal of speech and ANFIS method used to learn the speech recognition. The data learning which used to ANFIS processed are 6 features. The examination system of speech identification using trained and not trained data. The result of the research shows the successful grade for trained speech data is 88.75% and not trained data is 78.78%. Identification of speech recognition system was applied to controlled arm robot based on Arduino microcontroller.

One of models for free surface flows is the gravity wave-model equations. In this paper, we propose a finite volume numerical method for solving the gravity wave-model equations. The numerical scheme is explicit, so it is easy to implement. The scheme is consistent with the gravity wave-model equations. Numerical results show that the proposed method is stable. As cell widths and time steps are taken smaller, the errors of numerical solutions get smaller too. Therefore, we infer that the numerical solutions are convergent to the exact solution.

Study of sedimentary basin structure and basement variation in the subsurface using gravity methods are very common in early stage of hydrocarbon exploration. Most of inverse modeling are designed with several series of juxtaposed vertical prism in the subsurface. In this study, we utilize two layers of vertical prism below each gravity stations to represent homogeneous density of sedimentary layer and basement in the subsurface. In order to reach best miss-fit data we used iterative calculation utilizing differences between observed and calculated data. Performance of iterative calculation will attempt to find solution of interface density in the subsurface. In this paper, we use two synthetic data of symmetrical sedimentary basin model for inversion performance test. The performance test will evaluate the effect of initial model, exploration well data, topographic data, and noisy data effect. Based on synthetic data test, the performance of iterative method provide small order of miss-fit data with residual solution model of noisy data in the range -44 to 35 meters. Real data application identified three shallow sedimentary layer and two deeper sedimentary layer in the study area.

Treatment planning is a process of radiation therapy performed by medical physicists in the hospital. This process can be understood as a simulation to determine parameters such as photon energy, field size, and the absorbable dose to be received by the patient. Simulation treatment planning is usually done using TPS ECLIPSE with AAA or Acuros XB method that has been integrated into it. In this research, the comparison of the distribution of absorbent dose of 10 MV photon at water phantom using Monte Carlo-EGSnrc and AAA-ECLIPSE method was used. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with 6x6 cm², 10x10 cm², and 20x20 cm² field size variations and initial electron energy variations 10.1 MeV, 10.2 MeV, 10.3 MeV and 10.4 MeV. The design and simulation of Linac heads are done using BEAMnrc and the calculation of absorbent doses in this water phantom using DOSXYZnrc. The BEAMnrc simulated particle information was analyzed using BEAMDP. To obtain the depth dose distribution or PDD and PROFILE the dose is done using statdose code. Based on the data processing, the result shows that the mean deviation of PDD and D_max from the three field sizes is 7.09% for 10.1 MeV, 2.71% for 10.2 MeV, 2.86% for 10.3 MeV and 7.39% for 10.4 MeV. These results indicate that the initial electron energy has the least deviation of 10.2 MeV. As for the dose profile in the field size 10x10 cm² obtained deviation 6.65% to 10.2 MeV

In this paper, we consider the motion of two layers of fluids having different viscosity values. The motion is driven by a moving surface, but the bottom is fixed. An exact analytical solution for unsteady state cases is not available. Therefore, a numerical method should be used for the solution to unsteady state cases of the problem. In this work, we propose a finite volume numerical method to find the numerical velocity of the problem. We use the Lax-Friedrichs formulation for the flux calculation. Our numerical results show that fluids move following the motion of the surface. In addition, the fluid at the top layer moves faster than the bottom layer fluid. These behaviour is correct with respect to the physical problem under consideration.

Horizontal axis wind turbine has developed to many combination. One of the combination is by adding variation in their blades such as variation of device. Many kind of devices that added to the blade such as addition splitted winglet to the blade. This additional device is the application device that added to the wings of recent aircraft that gives better performance than wings without this device. The purpose of using this device is to minimize the backflow air in their tip of blade. This research expectation is turbine will get better performance. However, the addition of the device do not increase the turbine performance. Comparing the turbine with the blade without splitted winglet, the turbine without splitted winglet gives better performance than the turbine that has blade with splitted winglet. Vortex formation in the splitted winglet device is one of phenomenon that cause the decrease performance of wind turbine. Vortex is air that flowing back to the device and makes the other flow velocity slower. In turbine without splitted winglet, the performance of Cl is greater than the other. When the air that hit the turbine is 4.5 m/s, the torque of the turbine with splitted winglet is 2.66 E-3 Nm. The turbine without splitted winglet gives better torque about 2.8 E-3 Nm. From variation that compared, additional of device not always give the better performance.

Polysulfone (PSf) has been widely used as ultrafiltration (UF) membrane material due to its thermal and chemical stability. However, membrane fouling becomes a severe problem limiting the potential of PSf membrane. This fouling is mainly formed by deposition of organic onto membrane surface which resulting the decrease of permeate flux. There are four fouling mechanisms proposed by Hermia (1982), namely cake formation, standard blocking, intermediate blocking, and complete blocking. In this work, the types of fouling mechanism that occurred in PSf based UF membrane during peat water filtration were investigated. In addition, the effect of trans-membrane pressure was also studied. The determination of fouling mechanism was conducted by optimization of the fouling parameters, including Kcf (cake formation), Ksb (standard blocking), Kib (intermediate blocking), and Kcb (complete blocking). The results showed that complete blocking became the dominant fouling mechanism in this work. Meanwhile, the trans-membrane pressure did not affect fouling mechanism.

Phospholipids have been applied as a material for an oral insulin delivery system that either in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, or microemulsions. However, the administration of this delivery system for diabetic treatment requires twenty times higher of dosage than the injection one. In the present study, we performed molecular dynamics simulation to evaluate how phospholipids can protect insulin at the molecular level and why its efficiency for the diabetic treatment is low. Phosphatydilcholine group, such as DPPC, OPPC, LPC and combine of DPPC-LPC, was used as the phospholipid material to model the delivery system in our simulations because in vitro and in vivo studies of these phospholipids as the delivery system have been well-conducted. In these simulations, the waters-phospholipid-insulin system was prepared by randomly mixing phospholipids molecules inside the solvent box containing an insulin molecule. NPT ensemble was used in all simulations with the setting temperature at 310 K and 1 atm for the pressure. The simulation results showed that DPPC and LPC delivery systems were able to maintain both secondary and tertiary structures of the encapsulated insulin within the time range of simulation. However, all phospholipid delivery system models failed to fully encapsulate insulin surface within 150 ns simulation. This study may explain the reason for the low success rate of using phospholipid as the delivery system of oral insulin in the experiment.

Imidazole and some of its derivatives have been known as a good candidate for corrosion inhibition application. In this study, ab initio calculation was carried out for several imidazole derivatives i.e. 2-phenylimidazole[1,2-α]pyridine, 6-methyl-2-phenylimidazole[1,2-α]pyridine, 6-methyl-2-(4-metoxyplenylimidazole)[1,2-α]pyridine, and 6-methyl-2-(4-chlorophenylimidazole)[1,2α]pyridine, in order to investigate their electronic properties as well as its correlation with their corrosion inhibition properties. Calculations were performed using Firefly software package with RHF method and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Based on calculation results and analysis, it was found that 6-methyl-2-(4-metoxyphenylimidazole) [1,2α]pyridine compound has better potential as corrosion inhibitor than the rest of the compounds due to its small HOMO-LUMO energy gap, low ionization potential, low electron affinity, low electronegativity, and low global hardness i.e. 10.184 eV, 7.199 eV, -2.985 eV, 2.107 eV and 5.092 eV respectively. This compound also has the highest global softness (0.098 eV), while the greatest value of the dipole moment was owned by 6-methyl-2-(4-chlorophenylimidazole)[1,2α]pyridine with value of 6.125 Debye due to the existence of Cl atom that has larger polarity than the other substituents.

Computational study of inclusion complexes between R/S-omeprazole as Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) compound with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in three of its dimeric structure configurations (head to head, head to tail and tail to tail) has been carried out. All calculations were performed using PM3 quantum semiempirical method. Computational results showed that total binding energy (BE) of R-omeprazole complex is more exothermic than total binding energy of S-omeprazole complex. The calculated binding energy of R-omeprazole complex was -74.65 kcal/mol, while for S-omeprazole complex was -64.09 kcal/mol. This results indicate that R-omeprazole inclusion complex has higher stability compared to S-omeprazole inclusion complex. The value of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for R-omeprazole inclusion complex formation were -77.02 kcal/mol, -0.24 cal/mol.K and -2.62 kcal/mol respectively, while the value of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for S-omeprazole inclusion complex formation were -66.47 kcal/mol, -0.29 cal/mol.K and 19.29 kcal/mol respectively. These values indicate that the formation of inclusion complexes between R/S-omeprazole with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is enthalpy driven process.

The current practice in earth science for ground magnetic survey interpretation is analogue model based on the evidence in the other region, and make a theory. The numerical model based on principle of magnetic physical laws apply on the model running on computer and will show the clear explanation for the phenomenon. The current progress is possible to make the effect earth magnetic field, their magnetic variant and material responsible to. All the model and magnetic response as flux is overlay under the topography in 3-D and make the slicing easy. Hence we can follow directly and nearly true in the theory and the facts in East Flores island of Indonesia. On-site, low magnetic anomaly is unique. Over there the field ground magnetic, coincidence with the hot water outpouring from fracturing region. The result showing the phenomena are coherently explainable both in theory, and the fact in the field, bring the numerical software as a powerful tools.

Golek Menak Dance rhythms a body structure that is motion and geometric patterns that can be presented in the form of a vector, matrix and tensor. In this study the data obtained from the catcher dance Kinect sensor in the form of Bio Vision Format Hierarchy (BVH), which is a geometric data consisting of coordinate geometry (x, y, z), time as well as reinforcing the position of the body (skeleton). The motion data is compiled into a data tensor matrix decomposition process is then performed for a feature that can be obtained will be processed in motion classification. Alternating Least Square (ALS) methods are used in the data decomposition tensor.

Plasma focus (PF) generation has advanced the development of high-density, high-temperature plasma that emits intense radiation. The radiation output and emission spectra depend on the operating parameters of the PF device. The ability to focus plasma governs the pinch radius and electrical properties at the truncated end of the PF device. In this study, the simulation system RADPF 5.15 FIB was used to investigate the pinching properties of the neon ion beam generated using an AECS PF-1 device. The pinch radius was the dominant factor affecting the current density produced.

This paper proposes a service desk to handle two important issues in financial company using the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Framework, i.e. Single Point of Contact (SPOC) and Service Level Agreement (SLA) issues. SPOC is a gateway to information needs of both users and company staff, particularly the IT staff, while SLA defines the responsibilities of the parties where such services work and provides coverage for services provided to the client to achieve client satisfaction. The service desk is built by focusing in service operation. A service desk has been successfully built in this study to make user's problem controllable. The result also shows that the user's problem can be solved faster in many cases.

Every organization must ensure that information assets are protected and information security system has been implemented well. PT. IndoDev Niaga Internet is a provider of business solutions applications and implementation services that include application Human Resource Information System (HRIS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). In order to ensure the security of the information, then in 2015 PT. IndoDev Niaga Internet implement ISO 27001: 2013. Through the implementation of ISO 27001: 2013, it is expected that information can be properly maintained, which in turn will affect the business continuity. Companies need to know the extent to which the process has been applied and what actions can be done to improve the performance of the application of ISO 27001: 2013. Factor analysis was conducted first to determine the factors that affect to the information security. After the factors that affect to the information security known, then observation and interview conducted to gather data about PT. IndoDev Niaga Internet ISO 27001:2013 implementation according to the factors that affect. And then recommendation and corrective action developed using gap analysis method. The most influential factor to the security of customer information PT. IndoDev Niaga Internet is a factor access control and security operations. For the audit results IS027001: 2013 from the aspect of access control, they found 11 check items that fit into the category of NC (Non-Conformance) of 33 check items in which 9 of them in the category of major and two remaining categories minor, while for operations security aspects of the 12 check items, found 5 that goes into the category of NC (Non-Conformance) and everything was included into the category of minor.

Utilization of spent nuclear fuel and some fuel breeding capabilities of nuclear fuels to extend the sustainability aspect of nuclear fuel become more important issues to be optimized. Thorium fuel utilization based on water-cooled reactor is one of the possible options to be used and optimized as well as uranium fuel utilization. Some schemes of accumulated spent nuclear fuels can be used as recycled fuel in water-cooled reactor based on thorium fuel. In the present analysis, fuel sustainability aspect of nuclear fuel will be evaluated, which is based on a water-cooled reactor. As a fuel basis, thorium is used with can be mixed with additional recycled spent nuclear fuels. Some minor actinides (MA) as recycled fuels are used as doping material to be loaded to the water cooled reactors with thorium fuel as fuel basis and heavy water as moderator and coolant. The evaluation has been made by adopting a computational simulation of an equilibrium burnup analysis method, which was coupled with cell calculation of computer code of SRAC with JENDL.32 as nuclear data library. Several survey parameters have been evaluated to evaluate some effect of MA doping rate, different moderation ratio and power density levels to the reactor performance including fuel-breeding capability and void reactivity coefficient. Effect of some actinide composition to fuel breeding capability as well as safety aspect, which is based on void reactivity coefficient have been investigated. Fuel breeding capability can be obtained by the present reactor systems; as well as negative void reactivity has been show for more moderator ratio and less power density. Low portion of moderation to fuel ratios (MFR) are used to have a better fuel breeding capability as well as some from contribution from recycled fuel of minor actinides (MA) and less power density. A negative void reactivity can be obtained in this system and it becomes less negative for doping MA and more power density as well as a positive void reactivity coefficient value for much less moderation ratio.

Accessing data by an unauthorized person often happens these days. Addressing this case, the techniques of cryptography and steganography was necessary. The science of cryptography use randomizes/disguise the data, whereas the science of steganography to hide data in a way. The cryptographic algorithms to be used is the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) which utilizes two prime numbers to generate a public key and private key. To further enhance the security of message, the algorithm has combined with the First of File (FoF) as steganography techniques. The technique First of File (FoF) works by inserting a message at the beginning of the file image horizontally to produce a stego image that will extract to get the previous ciphertext. Then the ciphertext decrypted to be returned to the original message. By using FoF, in the cover image with large pixel size, the insertion process with FoF is entirely invisible, so the stego image and original image cannot be distinguished, whereas in small pixels there is a black line above the image. A combination of RSA and the FOF will increase data security because when a message has scrambled into a ciphertext and the ciphertext will be inserted into the image file.

This paper discusses the evaluation of rectangular thin plate problem with uniform load using Isogeometric analysis (IGA) collocation method. The implementation details of the proposed method for problems with different boundary conditions are shown. The numerical results confirm that the proposed method represents an efficient formulation and shows good behavior for thin plate structures.

Global optimization problem still becomes an interest due to the challenge of locating the global optimum of nonlinear objective function with multiple local minima. Two challenges on solving global optimization problem are; firstly how to reach the better minimizer from the current minimizer, and secondly how to decide that the obtained minimizer is the desired global minimizer. One of the recent considered deterministic easy applied methods, which concerned in the mentioned problems, is the filled function method. The basic concept of filled function method is to build such an auxiliary function to locate a point with lower function value than the current minimizer. One of the keys to the successfully filled function method is how to decide the search direction to reach and locate a better local minimizer. In this paper, a three-dimensional filled function method and its search direction are introduced. The algorithm is presented and implemented to some benchmark test function. The numerical performance of the method on solving three-dimensional global optimization problems is presented.

An accurate water wave model with breaking capability is important for accurate prediction of wave evolution especially when the wave approaching shallower water. Not only accuracy in the dispersion relation of the wave model that is important, the nonlinearity of the model also plays significant role in representing effect of wave shoaling. In this paper, we simulate propagation of breaking regular and irregular wave above a sloping bottom by using a dispersive wave model so-called variational Boussinesq model. Results of simulation are compared with experimental data from a hydrodynamic laboratory. We discuss effects of wave energy transfer from main wave frequencies to higher order frequencies when wave reaching shallower water and breaking.

Disc-brake is designed to decelerate the vehicle by sliding friction between the contact surface of the pad and the disc. This braking process will convert the mechanical energy of the vehicle to the heat energy. In the present paper, based on finite element method, the thermal behaviour characteristic induced by heat energy due to the contact between the pad and the brake surface is investigated varying the rotational velocities. The results show that the highest value of thermal distribution on the second surface of the disc and pad occurs during a high rotational speed. The rated thermal distribution on the surface of the disc is higher than the surface with the pad.

Surface modification of the lubricated bearing such texturing has proven to improve the hydrodynamic performance. The present paper examined the effect of texture depth as well as the texture length on the tribological performance using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach. The cavitation model was also considered to obtain more realistic characteristic of bearing. It was shown that by increasing texture depth of the surface of bearing, the enhanced hydrodynamic pressure was achieved. Moreover, other interesting result is that the length of cavitation region decreases with the increase in texture depth and the decrease in texture length.

Textured surfaces containing macro texture in one of the surfaces are the subject of a great deal of research to enhance tribological characteristic (higher low support but lower friction) of the bearing. In this paper, a general parametric model of the groove texture profile of single textured contact with boundary slip is developed and the exact optimization method is adopted to obtain the global-optimum texture profile of the lubricated sliding contact. The optimization objective is the maximization of the load support of the lubricant. The results show that there is a shift of the texture location to the centre of the contact with lower texture length. It is also found that the optimal single textured bearing can help to improve the load support up to 75%.

One of the key factors to make the action game more interesting is the smart behavior of an enemy. This paper describes the enhancement of smart enemy's behavior in the game that similar to Super Mario Bros using Sugeno Fuzzy Model. Sugeno Fuzzy Model is applied to regulate the enemy's behavior and determine the steps to be taken. The enhancement of the enemy's behaviors performed in the process of chasing down moving player and enemy's behaviors when meeting the player. Tests on the chasing player process, performed with 4 scenarios and shows achievement of 75% success, while in the game before adding Fuzzy Sugeno Model, the success is only 20%. Meanwhile, testing for enemy's behavior in this game is 100% successful, while in previous games only 33.3%. An enemy behavior logic test is performed to obtain defuzzification results as a Cartesian axis graph. Testing is done using Matlab®. Testing yielded 3 Cartesian axis graphs. Each graph has a behavioral decision. Therefore, there are three enemy's behavior decisions in this game, while Super Mario Bros game only produces 1 graph of Cartesian axis that does not result in enemy's behavior decisions.

Automation process is very important to help any industry activity especially to sorting an object. In this research, we build 5 DoF of Robot Arm based on Arduino microcontroller to pick and place colored object intended sorting task in real-time. The algorithm of interfaces and image processing to detect the colored object based on Python 2.7 with OpenCV library. From image processing system, the detected colored object based on Red-Green-Blue (RGB) identifier has a coordinate. The coordinate data is collected to build the inverse kinematic model and trained by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method to control Robot Arm. Finally, the algorithm implemented to Robot Arm to do pick and place a colored object show a good accuracy rate. The advantages of this Colored Object Sorting system are Open Source and Low Cost.

Neutronic study of Pb(208)-Bismuth as a coolant in the Lead Fast Reactor (LFR) with Modified CANDLE burn up scheme has been conducted. Lead cooled fast reactor (LFR) is one of the fourth-generation reactor designs. The reactor is designed with 500 MW thermal power output. Modified CANDLE burn-up scheme allows the reactor to have long life operation by supplying only natural uranium as fuel cycle input. This scheme introducing discrete region, the fuel is initially put in region 1, after one cycle of 10 years of burn up it is shifted to region 2 and region 1 is filled with fresh natural uranium fuel. The reactor is designed for 100 years with 10 regions arranged axially. The neutronic calculations were performed by SRAC code using nuclear data library based on JENDL 4.0. Level burn up of Pb(208)-Bi cooled fast reactor is 530.688 GWD/MTU at BOC and 433.051 GWD/MTU at EOC whereas 190.790 GWD/MTU at BOC and 433.051 GWD/MTU at EOC for Pb(208) . The effective multiplication factor of Pb(208)-Bi Cooled Fast Reactor is 1.0554 at BOC and 1.05958 at EOC whereas 1.06703 at BOC and 1.06816 at EOC for Pb208.

This research has a purpose to develop Bernoulli Mixture model for Bidikmisi data modelling using Bayesian approach. Model development is done by considering the specificity in the data acceptance of Bidikmisi scholarship prototype in East Java Province. Bidikmisi acceptance status having a binary type (0 and 1) coupled with the main criteria factor of parent income and the number of dependents family produces a structure of Bernoulli mixture distribution with two components. The characteristics of each component can be identified through the Bernoulli Mixture modelling by involving the covariates of Bidikmisi scholarship recipients. The estimating parameter was performed using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) couple with the Gibbs Sampling algorithm. This model is applied to data registrants Bidikmisi districts/cities in the province of East Java as many as 44,489 students. This model shows the smallest value of Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) compared with Bayesian binary logistic regression.

The breeding capability of fast reactor allow the reactor to operate in a long life time, but with the risk of a large reactivity swing and high power peaking in the center of the core. Both of these factors can be reduced by adjusting the fuel with a right configuration. This is down in this study, where optimization is performed on 100 and 150 MWth reactors, with the aim to getting the reactor to operate for more than 20 years with Power Peaking factor (PPF) is less than 1.3 and reactivity swing less than 1%. Based on the optimization result, a maximum configuration of fuel in inner, mid, and outer core of reactor I and II is given by 6.6%, 11.6%, 12.4% and 6.6%, 9.8%, 14.0%. Neutronic analysis results of this design indicate that the reactor II can only operate for 29 years, while reactor I can operate for more than 30 years because it has a larger conversion ratio (CR). The PPF value of reactor II is greater than reactor I caused by fission rate in the center of the core of this reactor is larger as a result of the short buildup process. Reactivity swing of reactor I and II are 0.25% and 0.16%, where the maximum reactivity of reactor I is 1.02% and occur in BOL, and for reactor II, the maximum reactivity is 1.03% and occurred in the 18th year.

Flory-Huggins (F-H) model has been widely used to analyze the thermodynamic behavior of polymeric membrane solution during the formation of membrane structure in a phase inversion process. The F-H model involves concentration and binary interaction parameter of components in membrane solution. Those parameters are used to calculate the composition of membrane solution at equilibrium which is then plotted on ternary diagram known as a binodal curve. The binodal curve is used to determine the type of demixing of the polymeric membrane solution and to predict the structure of resulted membrane. Several modifications of F-H model have been conducted in relation to composition (ternary or quaternary) and temperature of the membrane solution. In this paper, the development of F-H model used in designing polymeric membrane by phase inversion method, particularly immersion precipitation method, will be reviewed. The structure and performance of membranes that are governed by the thermodynamic property of the membrane solution based on F-H model will be discussed.

The circulation of tidal currents in the northern part of the Bali Sea was created using two main steps, namely a large model simulation and a small model simulation. The first step, a large model simulation detailing the circulation of tidal currents in the Bali Strait, uses a 2D barotropic hydrodynamic model that utilizes tidal-generating forces and Gebco bathymetry data with a 30-second resolution. In this large model simulation, tidal heights are procured which are then used as data for the small model. The second step, a small model circulation which focuses on the northern part of the Bali Sea, uses a 2D barotropic hydrodynamic model and utilizes tidal-generating forces from the large model and BIG (Geospatial Information Agency) bathymetry data with a 50-meter resolution. This smaller resolution is used to observe the effects of the cape in the northern Bali Sea. The tidal simulation is done for 29 days (May 2016) with inputted data in the form of bathymetry and tidal data at four points with open boundary conditions. The results of the tidal simulation indicate that tidal currents follow the phase of the tides. During high tides, the tidal currents move North and during low tides, the currents move South. Meanwhile, for the area around the Gondol Cape in Northern Bali, an eastward-westward current is observed.

Advances in wireless technology support smart card technology became contactless technology. Wireless technology allowed users to access or controlling. However, existing contactless smart cards have limited coverage with low security levels. Therefore, this research perform optimization on user access further with better security assurance. This research implemented in classroom and laboratory access. Hardware that used consists of Smart cards and Raspberry Pi that serves as a host and card reader that could be interconnected with the microprocessor. On the smart card stored user data (registration number and name) and on the Raspberry server stored user data that could access the class or laboratory. User's data on smart cards were stored on chips that act like RAM (Random Access Memory). The chip was embedded in the Smart card in the same function as storage media. Raspberry that had function as server and microprocessor that provide access to registered users. This study produced classroom access system by using smart card with distance > 5cm with automatic access system for user registered on system. It was according to this research proposed about security and historical data. Reader in this research use wireless transmission system. Historical data stored on the server (Raspberry pi) which records the time in and out, and the duration of time while in the room. Additional technology in the classroom access system is equipped with an automatic door close system for double security in the classroom. The advantages of this system was using server and microcontroller in one package so that in terms of cost is cheaper than the smart card access technology available today.

Lightningsurge on transmission network is a natural problem that affecting electricity voltage. This impact on the occurrence of equipment damages as result of back flashover. Back flashover causes an impulse wave due to the increase of voltage on the transmission and has a large grounding resistance value. There has been a disturbance in the transmission system SULSELRABAR causing black out on Tuesday, January 19^th, 2016 at 14:13 pm. The disturbance occurred along with the rain and strong winds accompanied by lightning which caused the load loss of 746 MW. The research was conducted to determine the occurrence of direct lightning strikes on each tower, the effect of grounding resistance to back flashover on150 kV transmission network in main station of Sungguminasa - Tallasa, using modeling simulation of peak menara transmission network 150 kV in main station of Sungguminasa - Tallasa with software ATPDraw (Alternative Transient Program). The simulation results depicting one of the phase wire reach the peak current of 359.89 MA. In this condition occurs disruption that causing the impulse voltage and back flashover with disturbance current 22.65 kA. The large of grounding resistance has an average voltage exceeding the capacity limit from 1001.54 kV to 1042.31 kV. Based on the calculation, the impulse voltage obtained is 5.271 MV close to simulation result of ATPDraw(Alternative Transient Program) by 4.530 MV. The calculation of the current wave when there is lightning disturbance in the transmission line with a peak current of 60 kA and the wave front time of 1 set, obtained the highest value that is on the tower 39 the grounding value of 5.4 Ω, the grounding value obtained reflection coefficient of -0.937 and insulator voltage at 957.036 kV, the results of this research held the measurement of tower 39 using Megger Det4tcr and obtained the grounding value on the tower feet of 12.22 and 9.97 ohm. What makes this case interesting is that the installation is located in a wet-sand soil type, undertaken decrease grounding value of 39 of parallelization methods by adding 2 copper rods (arde) 5/8 inch diameter in 4 meters long and the addition of mixture of carbon and NaCl, the result of was able to reduce the magnitude of grounding resistance is 0.78 ohm, close to the calculation results of parallelization method is 0.0864 ohm.This method is more accurate because the disturbance of back flashover can be avoided by lowering the high grounding value due to lightning strikes and protecting other equipment, can be used in long-term, inexpensive and simple, very suitable applied of wet soil

Rubber is mostly modeled as a hyperelastic material and as a consequence, large deformation occur along friction contact against a rigid counterface. In general, Coefficient of friction (COF) of a contact surface consists of two components, i.e. adhesion and deformation (hysteresis). However, it is difficult to investigate the deformation component of COF analitically on the rubber sliding. By means of a rigid blade sliding indentation technique, this paper studies the friction contact phenomena on Unfilled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR-0) numerically by using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in plane strain mode. By a given sliding speed, the FEA simulation is carried out with the various adhesion COF and sliding depth. The presented simulation output are stress, deformation and reaction forces. Results show that the deformation COF strongly depends on the sliding displacement. Finally, the overall COF highly increases and then decreases with respect to the sliding displacement and tends to indicate stick-slip phenomena.

Application architecture and information technology systems in the company should be able to support the company's policy that leads to their alignment with the business objectives. The alignment of the implementation of information technology systems to the needs and goals of the organization will be able to be answered by taking into account the integration in the development, so that the gap of these two things can be minimized. As a company engaged in IT consulting, project management system is one form of application systems that support core business objective of the company: to produce high-quality software. Nevertheless, the project management system should be able to work together with other supporting information systems, so that the flow of information within the company can run effectively. To achieve these objectives, required the analysis and design of an integrated system, which can be achieved through a service-oriented architecture based system. which includes the stages of requirements and analysis, design and development, and the last is the IT operations. The final result expected is the design of the service-oriented architecture based project management system which built through top-down approach that focuses on improving the effectiveness of business process.

Sharia insurance operational model was developed with the approach of trial and error by scholars and industry as a process to obtain the ideal format which can be used as a foundation for Islamic insurance operations. Models that are formed are: mudharabah model, wakalah model, and hybrid model. The development of the operational model of islamc insurance still continue because there are still many problems and Islamic issues that must be resolved. The hybrid model is the incorporation of the wakalah and mudharabah model. This model is mostly used in shariah insurance company in Indonesia because it is considered fair enough for policyholders and companies. In this paper, will do research on hybrid model by taking one example of Hajj travel insurance products, that is Mitra Mabrur Plus (AJB Bumiputera 1912) through the algorithm as follows: 1) translate the hybrid model scheme of Mitra Mabrur Plus into mathematical equations 2) drafting table of hybrid insurance Mitra Mabrur Plus model using mathematical equations on stage 1 and some initial value that set by the insurance company. This hybrid model table will show the details of the management of funds sourced from the contribution of the policyholders, including the quantity percentage of personal account, the percentage of tabarru' account, the percentage of ujrah, magnitudes of profit and benefit that be accrues to the policyholders. Through this table, are expected that management of the fund contribution is shariah insurance will be more transparent and fair for companies or policyholders.

Immunoinformatics is the one of bioinformatics divisions. The focus of this division is to design compounds of immune response activists or candidate vaccine in silico or computation. One type of immune response activator compound is a peptide. Peptides are small amounts of amino acid residues. The amount of amino acid residues that can activate the immune response ranges from 9-15 amino acids. Good candidate vaccine quality is shown affinity or strong bond between peptide and MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) is indicated by the value of energy of molecule-blocking process through low software. This research is conducted in Data and Process Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, States of Islamic University Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, in December 2016 until February 2017. The study amis to get candidate vaccine ebola peptide form 9 (nine) amino acid residues. The tool used in this research is the software which made based on the working principle of immune response. The software is SDS Workbench, IEDB-AR, Emboss, and CABSdock. The material used in this research is the sequence information of ebola virus glycoprotein. The results show that the peptides with FLYDRLAST (Fenilanalnin, Leusin, Tyrosine, Aspartic acid, Arginine, Leusin, Alanine, Serin Treonin) are potential candidate for the ebola peptide vaccine because of their high affinity values with MHC I, indicated by molecular-binding energy which is very low ie -1870.69 Kcal / mol.

The use of natural fibers as a filler in the industry still continue to be developed, given its eco-friendly and contains material which is great. This research was conducted to find out the influence of boiled water and rice husk as filler material in epoxy resins. The making of the specimen using the method of hand lay-up with each variation of filler 10%-40% of the total weight of material test and the specimen without filler 0% for contrast. Polymer materials used i.e. epoxy resins. Testing is done namely pull-test, test volume resistivity and surface resistivity. Pull-test is performed using standard ASTM D-638 and resistivity test using standard ASTM D 257. The test results showed that the maximum volume resistivity values reached in the levels of water hyacinth 20% whereas on rice husk volume resistivity increase continues to occur until levels of 40% of the epoxy resins. Surface resistivity continues to increase in the levels of water hyacinth reaches 20% on epoxy resins as well as the addition of a filler rice husk. The tensile strength of the epoxy resins materials has decreased with the addition of water hyacinth and rice husk. The value of the maximum attainable tensile strength on the composition of the filler is 20%. With increasing levels of water hyacinth and rice husk in epoxy resins, the nature of the material brittle epoxy resins increase or an increase in the hardness of epoxy resin resulting in fragility.