Open Graded Asphalt Mixture Design for Environmentally Friendly Road

The road is an important infrastructure to support various economic development. By increasing the population, the constructions of road infrastructure are obviously required and cover more land use area, consequently narrowed the areas for water absorption into the land. Therefore, it is necessary to improve more environmentally friendly of road constructions, in this case is by using open graded asphalt. Open graded asphalt is the mixture of asphalt with low fine aggregate content to produce a high percentage of air voids, which expected to be able to absorb water into the land underneath. This observation uses laboratory experiment method. Materials that are used are natural gravel and the volcanic gravel, 60/70 asphalt penetration and stone dust filler. The tests performed for the samples are Marshall test, falling head water permeability, indirect tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength. The optimum bitumen content for each type of aggregate have been found to be 2.95% for natural gravel and 4.65% for volcanic gravel. Open graded asphalt porosity is 26.52% for natural gravel, whereas the volcanic gravel is 22.31%. The vertical and horizontal permeability for natural gravel are 1.25 cm/second and 0.92 cm/second, respectively. Whereas, for the volcanic gravel is 1.43 cm/second and 1.10 cm/second, respectively. Indirect tensile strength (ITS) value for natural gravel is 59.49 KPa whereas the volcanic gravel is 74.84 KPa. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) value for natural gravel is 1070.63 KPa, whereas the volcanic gravel is 1120.69 KPa. It is concluded that the open graded porous asphalt is only compatible for low volume traffic road and need improvement to be able to be used as standard road.