Intermediate crops as one of the factors of optimizing the application of fertilizers and increasing soil fertility

Saturation of crop rotation with intermediate crops compresses the time of agricultural works: harvesting the forecrop grown, preparing the soil, applying fertilizer, sowing the next crop. Regulation of water availability of plants makes all factors of productivity manageable. Wheat on green fodder responds positively to the extended sowing time and allows collecting feed or mass for the production of grass meal in the same sequence in the autumn and spring. Continuous use of arable land in intensive irrigated crop rotation provides a high total yield of green mass mixture and row crops grown after the bean-wheat mixture on ordinary irrigated chernozem and objectively provided by any combination scheme obtaining adequate total yield for some deviations concerning the early harvest or late sowing. Spring crops in intensive crop rotation with irrigation in the south of Russia are used as insurance crops in case of winter crops. In intensive crop rotations, they play a more important role of stubble crops. Zero tillage for crop after irrigation is not inferior in efficiency to plowing. The use of mineral fertilizers in the system of two crop field is an integral agricultural method, contributing to an increase in the yield of all crops.