Table of contents

Preface

The 3^rd Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference (AASEC) 2018 organized by Technology and Vocational Education Study Program, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) and UPI Publication Center, and is jointly organized with Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ), Environmental Engineering Universitas Trisakti, Universitas Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH), Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), Politeknik Negeri Malang (POLINEMA), Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut (STT Garut), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung (UIN SGD), Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang (UNIKAMA), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (UMSIDA), Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya (UWKS), and Universitas Warmadewa. Promoting its theme "Ideas for Sustainable Green Energy", the conference was held on 18 April 2018 at Grand Tjokro Hotel, Bandung, Indonesia.

This year, the conference invited a keynote speaker, Dr. Abdulkareem Shafiq Mahdi Al-Obaidi from Taylor's University, Malaysia and four invited speakers from different countries with a variety of expertise as follows: 1) Dr. Eng Tedi Kurniawan from Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia; 2) Dr. Lala Septem Reza from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia; 3) Dr. Eng. Topan Setiadipura from National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia; and 4) Dr. Eng. Farid Triawan from Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan / Sampoerna University, Indonesia. Both the keynote speaker and invited speakers are academics and practitioners in the field of green sustainable energy with numerous works on international publication.

List of Conference Chair, Co-Conference Chair, Advisory Boards, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee and Conference Photographs are avaiable in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Inviting the students' activity in reinventing the mathematics concept in the mathematics class, has become more popular in the recent mathematics education curriculum. History and Pedagogical in Mathematics (HPM) research has grown to support reinvention activities. The recent textbook in mathematics based on the Kurikulum 2013 has implemented the HPM perspective as a form of historical snippets. This Paper aimed at drawing the form on how historical perspectives in Indonesian Mathematics Textbook that help students reinvent the mathematics concept. Some parts in Indonesian Mathematics text book have considered the essence of historical perspective as the main idea in reinventing specific concept. The historical aspect is modified and appears with didactical approach that invites students' active involvement. More examples show factual data of historical concept as motivation on the value of the mathematics.

This article presents the benefits of multimedia learning to overcome the anxiety and mathematical difficulties experienced by seventh-grade students on the material of the lines in triangles. In previous research, it knows that students have a problem in determining the characteristic of line in the triangle by using a picture. They begin to be anxious to explain because there is an imbalance in their thought processes regarding assimilation and accommodation. In learning using multimedia, students are interested in being shown by student learning activities that fall into the very active category. Also from the results of mathematical anxiety, instruments show that students fall into the category of low numerical stress and from the results of the interview states that students feel no mathematical difficulty regarding describing the height lines, the dividing lines, and the weight lines in a triangle.

This study aims to analysis the students' representation ability of mathematics teacher candidate in using maple to determine vector derivative. This research uses quasi experimental method. Result of research indicate that student representation ability of teacher candidate can be classified into 3 based on indicator ability of mathematical representation that is: visual representation, representation of mathematical model and word representation. Three indicators on the ability of mathematical representation with words is a lower ability than other indicators. This study provides a mathematical representation profile of mathematics teacher candidates in vector-based analysis of maple analysis.

Many factors cause the polytechnic students have math difficulties, among others basic math is low, there are too many topics, and lack of time allocation. Therefore, efforts should be made to provide alternative styles of learning. One of the efforts to optimize the learning of mathematics is Math learning by Teaching Aids or APEM (abbreviation of Alat Peraga Edukatif Matematika), especially in Geometry. The Teaching Aids make students to be more active learning in acquiring knowledge and developing thinking. The objective of this research is to describe Geometry topic with Teaching Aids to improve student's abstraction. The results obtained are: (1) The ability of the students is very heterogeneous, (2) Students of Vocational High School (SMK) are more skilful in describing the three-dimension compared to students of Senior High School (SMA), (3) The Teaching Aids of three dimension is needed to solve problems of Geometry,(4) Of the six groups, only one group is answering correctly about the volume of Concrete Construction, and (5) the average score of three problems are 85, 53, and 43.

Every year, the concentration of carbon dioxide is continuously increasing. In regard to this, it becomes a concern if this phenomena occurs repeatedly over time. When the concentration reaches at a certain point, it may have some bad effects on earth and will threaten life. If this event is ignored, then the earth and life on it will gradually be more effected and turned its condition to be worse. Regarding to this, it might be helpful to have a model that can predict the concentration of carbon dioxide. Since a preventive action can be taken before the concentration gets higher in the future based on the prediction. The prediction model can be formulated by a population modelling, where the concentration amount is perceived as a single population. In this case, carbon dioxide emission and its absorption by photosynthesis will be two considered factors. Where emission will represent the birth, and the absorption represents the death of the population. By this model, it is predicted that about 58 years later the concentration will reach 500ppm. It has been evaluated that the model has small error to predict the current data.

In December 2017, Indonesia suffered a diphtheria outbreak that struck in 28 provinces. This incident made the public and researchers concerned about the cause of the return of epidemic after the last case in the 1980s. Over the years, DPT (Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus) vaccine is believed to be the only ways of preventing diphtheria outbreaks. In this paper, the authors will attempt to construct a mathematical model for the case of diphtheria outbreak by involving vaccine parameter in the susceptible compartment. The population assumed to be closed population and consisted of SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered) population. Furthermore, this model will be analyzed the stability and sensitivity using Eigen values and basic reproduction number (R₀). The simulation is done to provide an overview of the effectiveness of the vaccine dynamically. Analysis and simulation results show that vaccine plays an effective role in reducing the spread of diphtheria, but this vaccine is only a preventive, not as a cure.

One of attractive area for investment is the stock market. Indonesia stock exchange being a stock market in a region that is considered investors will take the opportunity to make investment decisions based on the future expectations of the stock market. Knowing the behaviour of the stock price of a company really important for investor. Therefore, we conduct this research with aimed at knowing the stock market trend movement. In the prediction of stock market trends are widely applied some models; one of model is Markov Chain model. The objective of this research is to apply Markov Chain in PT HM Sampoerna stock price. The data that use in this research is the closing price of PT HM Sampoerna which was obtained from yahoo finance website over a period covering from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. A Markov Chain model was determined based on probability transition matrix and initial state vector. In the long run, the model predicted that PT HM Sampoerna share prices with probability 0.09, 0.40, 0.46, and 0.05 respectively.

Research and Development Research aims to describe (1) the development of Android-based mathematical learning matters on sine rules material and cosine rules for high school students, (2) measure the effectiveness of students' mathematical understanding through learning of mobile mathematics based on Android, and (3) mobile eligibility learning mathematics based on Android developed. Based on the results obtained: (1) The development of mobile learning is adapted from the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). (2) The students' understanding of mathematical comprehension is improved (3) Mobile learning is effective in three trials with appropriate criteria in every aspect. (4) Mobile learning research results worthy of use.

The performance of the supply side of the economy of the higher education services is often identified with the growth rate of potential output. Potential output was approached by using the exponential function such as the Cobb-Douglas production function that used to measure the growth of potential output, namely the contribution of labor, capital and total factor productivity. Consumer education services demand fluctuated, encourage the higher education to be able to determine precisely the quantity of academician in achieving optimal production according to market demand. It aims to create efficient use of academician as an effort in facing a competitive global market competition, namely the ASEAN Economic Community. Through the exponential function such as the Cobb-Douglas production function was analyzed whether the addition or subtraction of labor education impact on higher education labor productivity, as well as the order of priority can be determined in accordance with the conditions of output scale.

The algorithm of mathematical proof is very important possessed by students, especially in Mathematics Education Study Program in Differential Equation. One of the materials in Differential Equations is the integral factor. Many students have difficulties on the material factor of integral. This study aims to (1) analyze student errors in terms of mathematical proof capability on the material factor of integral, (2) analyze the difficulties faced by students in the algorithm. Subjects subjected to research are 33 sixth semester students of Mathematics Education Program UIN SunanGunungDjati Bandung totalling 33 students. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection by using the test is a test of mathematical proof of material factor of integral. The results showed that 65% of students were unable to complete the proof, 35% of the students did not use the proof algorithm, and all the students did not perform the verification check

The rapid development of technology in the community, and the lack of use of technology at schools. The research aims to develop adobe flash-based interactive learning media to improve students' mathematical communication skill. The method was research and development with 4-D model design consisted of four stages, namely defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The research was in the Junior High School of Al Ma'sum Bandung. The respondents involved were the expert of subject matter, the expert of media, the teacher of Mathematics, 64 students as the sample. Finding: The result indicated that the validation result from the expert of media and the expert of Mathematics was enhance. The overall activity of teacher and students reached in average. Meanwhile, students' mathematical communication skill increased, experiment class higher than control class. The conclusion of the research is that the development of adobe flash-based multimedia version five has been feasible to use and it can enhance students' mathematical communication skill as well as students' interactivity. Moreover, the material delivery is easy to understand and interesting.

The reactor subcritical assembly for 99Mo production (SAMOP) experimental facility is a nuclear reactor operating under subcritical conditions. SAMOP reactor is fueled by uranyl nitrate inside an annular tube surrounded by the TRIGA reactor fuels. The external neutron source required for the SAMOP reactor operation comes from the Kartini reactor radial beam-port. The aim of the analysis is to determine the estimated personnel radiation dose for normal conditions and severe postulated accident. The analysis methods is a calculation of source term, radiation propagation to the surrounding area, and estimation of personnel radiation dose rate for normal and severe accident conditions. The analysis result shows that the effective radiation dose received by personnel in the working area of the SAMOP reactor is below the dose limit for radiation worker at the Kartini reactor, i.e. 7 μSv/h. Whereas, in the postulated severe accident condition, the highest exposure rate at 1 m above and beside the reactor cooling tank are 4.19 mSv/h and 1.35 mSv/h respectively.

Electricity system is divided into three main parts, namely power plants, electricity distribution or transmission, and distribution of electricity. Power generation is the biggest cost component in a power system. The analysis to minimize generational costs is called Economic Dispatch. The meaning of Economic Dispatch is the division of loading on existing generating units in the system optimally and economically at a certain load price. With the implementation of Economic Dispatch it will get a minimum cost of generation of electricity production. Then the need for optimization that is by using a heuristic approach with Genetic Algorithm (GA). With this approach will be obtained an economical operating costs. Genetic algorithms are able to find the optimal power generation value. The case studies in this research are available on thermal generation in the Java-Bali 500 kV system. The research stations are Suralaya, Muara Tawar, Tanjung Jati, Gresik, Paiton and Muara Karang plants. Software used is Matlab R2017a. In this research we use the data of heatrate equation function and equation of operating cost at thermal generator then made arrangement to output (power) from generator to reduce operating cost of generation. Genetic Algorithm is very simple because it involves only crossover and string mutations so this research uses the algorithm to find the solution of the problem. With genetic algorithm, the result of operating cost where the biggest cost is 3.172.653.871 Rp / h and the smallest cost is 2.336.431.759 Rp / h.

Moment of inertia is one of the factors that influences the motion of an object on the rotation motion. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the moment of inertia based on the form by varying the mass and radius. Variations of form in this study is a solid cylinder and a cylinder with a thick leather plate. Obtaining a constant value for the cylinder with a thick plate skin is made by comparing the value of moment of inertia between the solid cylinder and the moment of inertia in the cylinder with the skin of a thick plate. The research was done by rolling the tubular object on the incline with the height of h and the angle of θ. The motion of the object is then recorded using a slow motion and high resolution camera to get a good image. Variable of height h and angle θ will affect the acceleration of motion of the object. The motion in the sloping path follows the law of equivalence of mechanical energy so that the energy at the initial condition at the height of h and vo = 0 will be equal to the final state at h = 0 and v = max. The experimental results show the moment of inertia for mass which is distinguished by 0.000156 average while the calculation result was 0.000152 so there was a difference of 5.32%. The result of moment of inertia for the different radius is 0.000507, while the calculation is 0.000506 so there is a difference of 3.46%. The error of the results of moment of inertia is relatively small, so it can be concluded that KIT rotational dynamics can be applied in learning.

Flood mitigation is not just a disaster but a dense phenomenon of the physics concept. Understanding of the phenomenon and flood process helps human safety. This study aims to analyze the concepts of physics in the event of flood disaster so as to obtain the best educational material about flood disaster mitigation. The method used is pre-experiment with one shoot test. The research population used is high school students in 5 (five) cities in West Java or as many as 300 people. The instrument used is a test with 4 (four) open questions about the process, concepts, context and attitudes of learners to the flood. This research shows that the low ability of students' literacy toward the physics concepts contained in the phenomenon of flood disaster. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary development and application of physics enrichment materials about flooding at various levels of education.

This research has been conducted to improve the ability of high school physics teachers in developing energy literacy based physics learning. The efforts to improve teacher competencies are conducted through training with blended learning modes. The ability of teachers in developing energy literacy based physics learning was assessed from the training product: lesson plan. The teacher's lesson plan was assessed using lesson plan assessment instrument. Physics teachers who have attended First Phase of training for one week are able to develop physics lessons for selected topics that can increase students' energy literacy.

Heat is an energy that can propagate kinetically or radiationally. The thermal radiation is influenced by several factors such as surface shape, material properties, cross-sectional area and material emissivity. This study aims to develop thermal radiation equipment SNR V-1.4SL able to overcome the limitations of laboratory equipment in schools, especially on the topic of radiation heat transfer. The thermal radiation equipment SNR V-1.4SL was made from easily accessible and environmentally friendly materials and equipment. The experimental results of the thermal radiation equipment SNR V-1.4SL can clearly illustrate the phenomenon thermal radiation and the equipment SNR V-1.4SL can be used anytime and anywhere without depending on environmental conditions. The results of the overall test show the value of the efficiency of the equipment SNR V-1.4SL is still relatively low. In general, thermal radiation equipment SNR V-1.4SL

Erosion can be caused by natural events and negative human behavior. Therefore, people need to understand how nature works. This paper would like to reveal the occurrence of soil erosion of the area of Batang Sinamar, West Sumatera based on physics point of view. Through qualitative descriptive analysis method, this research finds some physics concepts that exist on the erosion event such as friction, energy, momentum impulse, and fluid. In order for the community to be more aware of erosion disaster, it is necessary to increase literacy. One of them can be done through the provision of physics enrichment materials in schools. This study concludes that many physical phenomena can be analyzed in the event of erosion that needs to be disseminated to the community, especially the students around.

The making of handicraft made from pandan leaves (Pandanus tectorius) has been handed down from generation of generation. However, the number of craftsmen is decreasing. There is a need for dissemination of the science of craft making in the young generation, one of them through education. This paper would like to reveal the concept of physics and chemical concepts contained in the process of making handicrafts made from pandan leaves and local wisdom in it. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis through literature study and focus group discussion (FGD). The result of the research shows the existence of physics and chemistry concepts in the process of making pandan leaf-based crafts such as tensile strength, endurance to the sun ray, moisture, lignin content, and holocelullose content. In addition to physical and chemical aspects, handicraft making from pandan leaves also has much local wisdom that must be preserved. This study concludes that the concept of physics, chemistry and local wisdom contained in the making of handicrafts made from pandan leaves can be used as sources of learning in the form of enrichment materials. This effort is expected to increase the spirit of the younger generation to explore the heritage of the ancestors.

A series of ozonation processes in order to inhibit decomposition, caused by decomposing microorganisms, in some varieties of chili has been done. This study was conducted using four varieties of chili; i.e. Red Chili (RC), Curly Red Chili (CRC), Hot Chili Pepper (HCP), and Thai White Chile (TWC); treated and stored using ozonation techniques. Four steps in the series of ozonation method including dissolving ozone in water, washing the products with ozone solution, drying, and storing products in cold storage dedicated ozone. Each variety of chili was divided into two treatment groups, i.e. ozone-washed and not washed. All samples were stored in a cold storage with 15 gr/m3 ozone delivered per day. TPC testing was conducted to observe the number of microbes causing decomposition. The results showed that CRC is the most durable varieties which can stay fresh until day-71. The growth rate of microbes in ozone-washed CRC is 9,94×103 (CFU/g)/day for TPC and 0,22×103 (CFU/g)/day for YMC, compared to 1,36×105 (CFU/g)/day for TPC and 1,35×104 (CFU/g)/day for YMC in not washed product. These results showed that ozone-washed treatment can suppress the growth rate of microbes in chilies.

The use of ozone in the preservation of fish with cold storage system is considered effective to extend the shelf life of fish by maintaining its nutritional value. Ozone which is as bacteriocidal with a combination of cold storage method, where the method can inactivate bacteria, so the combination of methods can extend the shelf life of fish. This study aims to determine the effect of ozone applications on the storage of tuna fish, milkfish, and shrimp. This research was conducted by dividing tuna fish, milkfish, and shrimp into 2 groups of control and immersion treatment which was ozone every day with dissolved ozone concentration 1.5 ppm - 2.5 ppm. Both treatments are stored into cold storage with temperature 2-8°C for ± 2 weeks. Parameters observed: organoleptic value (SNI 2729: 2013), TPC (Total Plate Count), TVBN (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen) to control samples and ozone immersion. The results showed that tuna with ozone immersion treatment can be accepted organoleptically until day 15 and at day 16 value of TPC and TVBN respectively 21.40 mgN / 100g and 1.1 × 107 CFU / g, but the control treatment can only survive until day 4 with a value of TPC and TVBN 10.32 mgN / 100g and 5.3 × 106 CFU / g. This study shows that fish storage by immersion in ozone water with cold storage can maintain the freshness of the fish.

Research on the effect of plasma radiation on the growth and production of shallot plants has been done. This study aims to observe the effect of plasma irradiation duration and determine the optimal irradiation duration for the growth and production of shallot. The study is conducted by using a corona plasma reactor with a multiple point to plane configuration, with the distance between electrodes is 3 cm and the applied voltage is 14 KV. Variations of irradiation time applied were 0, 15, and 30 minutes. The research results shows that plasma radiation can increase the growth and production of shallots. The percentage of plant height increasing is 9.53% at 15 minutes irradiation compared to non-irradiated samples. The leaf color level of irradiated plants is more green than those in the control sample, it is due to the content of chlorophyll in the leaves increases up to 26.73%. In addition, the wet and dry weight of the irradiated onion tubers also increased up to 17.44% and 22.19%, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal irradiation time obtained to increase the shallots growth and production is 15 minutes

In quantum system, particles are messenger. They bring polarization information. This characteristic is used in cryptography as the digital information transmitter in a symmetric as well as an asymmetric quantum key distribution. This paper presented the simulation of a symmetric quantum key distribution. The presence of an eavesdropper was included in the simulation.

Research on one of the study plasma corona discharge and plasma dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) with positive polarity using the configuration of pin to single and dual ring electrodes has been done. The both discharge plasma generator used in this study was formed by stainless steel, pin electrodes as anodes and ring electrodes as cathodes. The diameter of pin was 0. 1 mm and diameter outside of single ring was 2.60 cm and insite 2.40 cm. For dual ring, we install other ring insite the big ring (with diameter outside was 2.60 cm). The scond ring, outsite diameter was 2.00 cm and insite diameter was 1.80 cm. Barrier of DBD reactor was made by dielectric material of glass with thickness of 3 mm with an area that can cover all ring electrodes. Characterization of the corona discharge plasma and the DBD Plasma were used to locate the respective working areas of the reactor. Variations of voltage used from 0 kV to arc with specified intervals of 0.2 kV, with variations of distance between electrodes were from 0.5 cm to 2.0 cm with intervals 0.5 cm. The result of I-V characterization shows the current produced by DBD plasma reactor was bigger than the corona discharge reactor and it follows the I-V quadratic law. Moreover, the value of unipolar ion mobility DBD plasma reactor were also greater than corona discharge reactor.

Plasma research on used oil (waste cooking oil) processing into biodiesel using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) has been conducted. Plasma technology can process used oil into biodiesel without using chemical catalysts. The DBD reactor in this research was formed by inside electrode, barrier and outside electrode components. The inside electrode is screw stainless steel with diameter 0,79 cm. The barrier is pyrex tube with thickness 0,25 cm. The outside electrode is copper wire which is wound into the pyrex tube. Plasma was flowed by argon gas with debit rate 2 L/minutes. In plasma reactor was connected AC voltage 1,6 kV. The oil mixed with methanol by volume ratio 6:1. Both materials were inserted into a reactor with the time variation of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 min. The optimum result was obtained at 30 minutes treatment. The oil which was resulted has density 0.87 g/cm3, viscosity 4.1 mm2/s, acid number 0. 56 mg KOH/g, iodine number 31.64% -mass and 16.01% are mono-alkyl ester compound, and it was classified in National Indonesian Standard (NIS).

Inorganic metal halide perovskite crystals, such as CsPbI3, have been extensively studied for solar cell applications due to their structural stability and high energy conversion efficiency. In this paper, we report the optimizations of computation parameters, namely the kinetic energy cut-off, k-point and lattice constant, which were used in the electronic structure calculations of LiPbI3 crystal. The calculations were based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method using the Quantum Espresso computational package. The variable-cell relaxation algorithm (vc-relax) was employed for obtaining the lowest total energy value by using ultrasoft pseudopotentials and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functions. The optimum of kinetic energy cut-off was obtained to be 40 Rydberg, the k-point was at least of 5×5×5, and the band gap energy was 1.45 eV. The calculated electronic structure shows that LiPbI3 properties are different from CsPbI3, but it may have a semiconductor property.

Preliminary studies about fabrication of Mn_(x)Zn_(2-x)FeO₄ (x = 0 dan 0.1) had been done to identify the effect of adding Mn₂O₃ 10%mol towards gas sensor sensitivity. Gas sensor ceramics that fabricated through local nature mineral-based is Yarosite mineral. The fabrication of Mn_(x)Zn_(2-x)FeO₄ thick film semiconductor by using Screen Printing method and firing at temperature 800 °C for 2 hours. Through electrical properties test it is known that the adding of Mn₂O₃ materials made semiconductor thick film faster to response ethanol gases rather than without Mn₂O₃ materials. Thick film Mn_0.1Zn_1.9FeO₄ has lower operating temperature and higher conductivity than Zn₂FeO₄ thick film. Electrical resistance test indicated that by adding Mn₂O₃ 10%mol, it is sufficiently effective to obtain new properties of Mn_0.1Zn_1.9FeO₄ thick film and it can be used as ethanol gas sensor.

This study aims to determine the effect of learning model and motivation toward the learning result of the training of Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) at Human resources development Centre of renewable Energy, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation. The experimental method with the design of treatment by level 2 × 2 is used answer the research question how the influence of the learning model and the learning motivation toward the learning result of the training of Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). The result showed that the collaborative learning model can influence the learning result of the training of Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH), while the learning motivation does not affect the learning result of motivation to learn in its effect on the learning result of PLTMH training. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that there is no signle learn ing model that provides better learning outcomes in the eyes of PLTMH training for all trainees with different learning motivation.

Flatfoot or often called pes planus or fallen arches is a flat or flat pedal arcus state, all parts of the foot attached or almost stick to the ground. A Flat foot can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. Many factors contribute to the occurrence flat foot include overweight, obesity, type of shoes used by children, standing and sleeping positions, rupture ligament or tendon on the feet, congenital disorder, post-trauma, genetic, neurological disorder, collagen disease. Flatfoot can cause long-term effects such as pain in the soles of the feet, knees, and ankles, balance disorders, bunions, hammer-toe, can lead to repeated acute trauma to cause deformity in the foot. This research used a cross-sectional method with sample clustering technique with double cluster random sampling method. A total of 123 primary school students as a sample of this study. It was found that more male subjects suffered from flat foot and there is no relationship between obesity and the incidence of flatfoot in elementary school-aged children in the city of Denpasar, Bali.

Technology has been widely applied to the field of education in the form of system that is, help and solve various problems that exist in school. However, this technology is still rarely applied at elementary school level so that researchers will implement intelligent systems that can help in the determination of classes for new students. This determination is based on reading and writing tests. Classes are divided into regular and special, where students who score less than the minimum standard enter in a special class while students are able to enter the regular classroom. The intelligent system in this research will use instructional technique with Adaline method. Adaline is an artificial neural network that has a weight change algorithm and an activation function

Investigation process is crucial in learning mathematics. In other words, mathematical investigation skill is important to support obtaining the objectives of mathematics learning. In this case, this study aimed at discovering the effectivity of MURRDERR (metaphor, understanding, recalling, recognizing, detecting, elaborating, reviewing, and respecting) strategy in developing investigative thinking skills of elementary school pre-service teacher. This study employed quasi-experiment that involved 119 elementary school pre-service teachers, which was divided into three groups. The data was obtained from pre-tests and post-tests. It was found that MURRDERR strategy was more effective in developing mathematical investigative thinking skill. Moreover, it would be more effective if the teaching materials have been prepared through several didactic design steps that would minimalize the barriers faced by pre-service teacher to learning. According to the findings, it could be concluded that MURRDERR strategy could be adopted as an alternative in developing mathematical investigative thinking skills.

K-means method is limited in identifying and grouping the data by characteristics similarity in clustering. This study develops K-Means method with LSA to fix the issue of objectivity in data clustering as compared to K-Means method used lately. Data variables used are study load (credits) and study period (semester) of students in two academic years, which is amounted to 1,089 records. Data is analysed by using comparative statistic between the results of clustering test using K-Means method and K-Means method with LSA. The test findings show that the clustering using K-Means only groups the data into 3 clusters while the use of K-Means method with LSA produces 5 clusters. There are 327 different characteristics data identified by K-Means method with LSA which are grouped in two new clauses so it results in five clusters, for what is rated similar by K-Means method which only produces three clusters. This study concludes that K-Means method with LSA is more objective in clustering the data clustering and reducing MSE level error due to the sensitivity of data similarity within the cluster as always happened with K-Means method. Therefore, it is recommended that K-Means method with LSA be used in clustering to objectively identify the data and avoid any errors in the clustering process for more optimal data utilization.

Breadth First Search is one of the search pattern in an expert system inference mechanism. The use of methods of Breadth First Search in the science of Waris, can be used for the recipient of Waris and the amount of the accepted of Waris. Determination of Waris in this study refers to the madzhab of Hanafi and Hambali. There are three categories of recipient of Waris (Dzawil Furudh, 'Ashabah, and Dzawil Arham), with 73 rules of Waris and added with 24 rules for heirs who obstructed, which are made in 10 level decision tree of Waris. The test results against 10 cases heirs acquired the suitability and value of the recipient of waris 33 categorized as Dzawil Furudh, and 4 are categorized 'Ashabah

Java character is a legacy in Indonesian culture. It is a character to express Java language for Java people. Java characters have high level of its complexity because it consists of three types, basic characters (carakan), numbers, and complementary characters (sandhangan). This research performed an experiment to recognize Java character using Hopfield network. Firstly, Java character image will be transformed into bitmap format, then we process the data using Hopfield network as an associative memory to recognize. The experimental result denoted that average accuracy is 88%. It is better than some other neural networks method used by other researchers.

Collection of books in the library is sometimes confusing visitors who want to borrow library books. Data mining techniques have been widely used to resolve existing problems by applying the algorithm of association rule Algorithm using FP Growth to find the rules of the Association that is formed from the dataset loaning books. By utilizing the visit transaction data, the library will be seeking information about what books are often borrowed by the student and the linkages between each of the parties so that the lending library itself can do the preparation books in accordance with the level of support and confidence values. One of the rules of the Association that is formed is if someone borrows the book Psikologi Perkembangan then he will borrow the book Psikometri with a value of 0.2 and support 100% confidence rating which is the highest confidence value rules. Then create an application that can show the location of the book more specifically so it can facilitate the students in searching.

The purpose of this research is to develop a monitoring application of student learning result based on android mobile. Data were obtained from the questionnaire validation of product development by the experts of content, media, language, teachers and 40 parents. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the application of the android-based monitoring learning result is worthy to use and has met the prerequisite in the fields of content, media and language. In the practical aspect, users (teachers and parents) have no difficulty during operating monitoring applications of students' learning outcome and parents find it easier to monitor their children's learning outcomes wherever they are. However, the development of media experienced some difficulties such as data transfer process. Monitoring application of student learning result is very helpful for parents who have hectic job.

Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) is method used to data processing in computing. This research uses SMART method with case study of election house-livable in the village. There are 6 stages how SMART method working. Firstly, determine the number of attributes used, specify the attribute weights for each attribute using the interval of 1-100 at each attribute with the most important priority, calculate the normalization of each attribute, assign the attribute parameter value to each attribute for each alternative, specify the value of the utility by changing the attribute value in each attribute becomes the value of the raw data attribute and determine the final value of each attribute by diverting the values obtained from the normalization of the raw data attribute value with the normalization value of the attribute weights. The implications that can be drawn from the implementation of this SMART method is to provide recommendations of data presented based on the calculation and rating, in this case there are ratings a homeowner who helped surgical house-livable so they could be used the village head as decision maker.

Scheduling is one of important activity, especially in universities. Many activities of lecturers make a lecturers submit a willingness of teaching schedule. This allows greater opportunities for conflicting schedules. In this research, we use Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm for optimizing lecture schedule based on willingness of teaching schedule submission. With ABC algorithm is expected to reduce conflicting schedules and optimize the schedule according to the willingness of lecturer to teach. In this paper explain the analysis and pattern (encoded) of ABC algorithm that have ready to be implemented. The result of analysis shows that ABC can be applied for optimizing schedule. Then, we describe about several scenarios of experiment which can be used for testing the performance or accuracy of ABC algorithm for optimizing schedule based on willingness teaching submission

This article aims to implement the algorithm model of k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) in analyzing, predicting, and classifying students who have potentials to get scholarships in universities. The k-NN algorithm works by making a prediction based on the closest data points between the old data history as training data and the new data as testing data. The data collected totals 1018 students with 24 scholarship receiver candidate students are used as the dataset for the test purposes. The attributes used in the prediction process are a semester, parents' income, number of family dependents, and Cumulative Grade Point Average. The distance calculation of the value from testing attribute to each training attribute uses Euclidean Distance equation, while the test of the model accuracy value is calculated using Confusion Matrix. The results of the simulation of the prediction model show that the determining factor of training data from both the number and the variation of different values can improve the performance of the k-NN algorithm with the best accuracy rate of 95.83 percent in predicting students who have the greatest chance of getting the scholarship.

The profession becomes an important part for the graduate after graduating from higher education. High school graduates do not know how to choose the right profession after graduation and less ready before graduating from higher education. The purpose of this study is to build a system that can provide appropriate profession recommendations in accordance with the personalities of higher education student. The method used in this research is Bayesian method. The results of this study indicate that systems using Bayesian methods can provide recommendations with a 98% accuracy rate. The majority of respondents as much as 99% stated that the profession recommendations system that has been given is true. Why? because this system provides the right solution in accordance with each personality. This system is expected to help graduates of higher education have the right profession in accordance with the personality he has. This system can be used to provide appropriate profession recommendations for higher Education students. Bayesian methods are very well used to build an accurate and efficient recommendation system.

Cats are one of the many animals kept by animal lovers in Indonesia because the cat is a very friendly animal with humans and has a funny character. Nevertheless, not all cat lovers understand exactly the type of cat that is owned even how to care especially for ras or domestic cats (kucing ras - in Bahasa), because each type of ras cat has different character and way of care. This causes the pet cat affected by various diseases to cause death. One way to overcome the incomprehension of cat lovers in taking care of it is with the help of expert systems that have proven reliability in helping solve problems that require solutions as an expert in his field. This expert system was developed using forward chaining method. By answering any questions asked by the system about the characteristics of the cat owned, users will get answers about the type of cat they have and the way of good and right care.

Sequential pattern mining is one of popular data mining technique with sequential pattern as representation of data. However, most of sequential pattern mining research was conducted for structured data. In this paper, we did literature review of the sequential pattern mining algorithm that suitable for unstructured data such as text data. We reviewed several sequential pattern mining algorithm that had already used in text mining research, among others GSP, Spade, PrefixSpan, Spam, Lapin, SM-Spam, CM-Spade, BIDE, and another various algorithm based on sequential pattern mining problem such as concise representation and how to extract more rich pattern. The result showed that that from year to year research on text data using sequential pattern mining had increased. Although, not many algorithm were developed and also still rarely new algorithms were implemented in text data.

Frequent itemset mining is one of popular data mining technique with frequent pattern or itemset as representation of data. However, most of frequent itemset mining research was conducted for structured data. In this paper, we did literature review of the frequent itemset mining algorithm that suitable for unstructured data such as text data. We reviewed several frequent itemset mining algorithm that had already used in text mining research, among others Apriori algorithm; Pattern-growth algorithm; and various algorithm for itemset mining problem such as based on representation, database changes, and richer database type. The result showed that from year to year research on text data using frequent itemset mining had increased, including the development of frequent itemset mining algorithms. Although, still rarely new algorithms were implemented in text data

Memorizing Holy Quran or Tahfidz is important to worship for Muslim around the world. This research proposed a solution in memorizing and learning Holy Quran easily. To help in remembering the sentence of Holy Quran, Fisher-Yates Shuffle had implemented for randomization of the letter of the Holy Quran. In this research, the sound of Holy Quran had recorded and it was converted into Arabic text to recognize the character of text. Jaro-Winkler was used for text matching algorithm, and Google Speech API help to define speech recognition. The result showed that Fisher-Yates Shuffle Algorithm was successfully applied in randomization with 15 times of experiments. And also, Jaro-Winkler Distance algorithm had performed well as text matching between text from speech recognition and Holy Quran text. The result showed that the percentage of accuracy was around 91% and an average of matching time was 1.9 ms.

The game can be an interesting medium to convey information because it has more interactive features and considers not boring. This study aims to make an educational game (Edugame) about the prevention of dengue fever diseases using the advancement of information technology in the form of Android smartphone. This game development uses Digital Game-Based Learning - Instructional Design (DGBL-ID) methodology consisting of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, quality assurance, implementation and evaluation. However, in this study, this game is developed until the development stage only. This game is made according to the general and specific instructional objectives, with description, demonstration, and game implementation methods. Through utilizing the technology, this game is expected to be able to attract the public to the prevention of dengue fever diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. The final result of this study is an educational game prototype about the prevention of dengue fever that can run on any Android smartphone.

The security issue is one of the most critical aspects of the message. Cryptography is a science based on a mathematical technique for security-related information with confidentiality, data integrity, and authentication. A hybrid cryptosystem works by combining symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. The purpose of using zig – zag algorithm and RSA algorithm is to cover the weakness of symmetric and asymmetric algorithm. Zig-zag Cipher is one of the classical cryptographic algorithms that use the technique of transposition. The method of inversion is utilizing the character permutation. The RSA algorithm is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm that has used most frequently, and this is due to the reliability. The length of RSA keys in bits can be set, with the longer the bits, the more difficult to solve because of the difficulty of factoring the two huge numbers, but this has an impact on the more extended the decryption process. This research used to encrypt the message by zig-zag algorithm while the RSA algorithm encrypts the key of the zig-zag algorithm. The results of this research are the bigger size of the file, then the higher the size of the ciphertext. Based on the graph of the plaintext length against the processing time obtained the results of the length of the plaintext is directly proportional to the time and form of the linear graph. Encryption and decryption processes require different time durations. The encryption process takes longer time than decryption process.

Divorce in Cimahi every year continues to increase, each month to reach an average of 800 divorce cases, from the case of 75 cases of 75% household divorce cases, while the rest of the other cases, such as marriage isbat and inheritance. Based on the problem there is a need for prediction to find out how much divorce in each month. One of the techniques used to find divorce is by doing data processing to predict the occurrence of a divorce that is by using data mining techniques such as Naive Bayes algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbor. This algorithm has a high degree of accuracy in predicting. The best level of accuracy between the two algorithms can be determined by comparison. Comparison of algorithm aims to get the algorithm that is considered the fastest and accurate to make a prediction of a problem. Result of comparison of Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm can be concluded that Naive Bayes algorithm yield 72,5% accuracy and K-Nearest Neigbor algorithm yield 57,5% accuracy.

Fertility is a crucial issue for married couples for ages and a significant clinical problem today. Not only do women have an undue burden of responsibility in fertility regulation but also men. There are some major causes and risk factors for male infertility i.e., environmental factors, life style factors etc. In this paper, we will analyse the infertility using two algorithms, decision tree and k-nearest neighbours. We will do experiments using different splits of training data and different filters. The purpose is to determine which algorithm is more accurate between 2 algorithms either using filter or not. The result shows DT has better performance in accuracy when using dataset without filter and when using randomize filter while k-NN has better performance when using resample filter.

E-Government is an information system implementation conducted by the government to improve the effectivity and efficiency of the governance. The applications to be developed in the e-Government must be able to be used and its usage shall give vast effects on the achievement of the civil service purposes. This article will discuss the analysis of the determinant criteria to be considered in the implementation of e-Government. The findings of this study are criteria that need to be considered in of e-Government, starting from the most important issue, namely: function; system security; user-friendliness; and application menu display. This research contributes to the establishment and assessment of the e-Government implementation criteria, which further will be used by the government or the software developers in designing the e-Government application.

A preliminary investigation is a problem-solving procedure. The Ishikawa diagram illustrates the cause of the problem in a particular group of causes. Several studies have used Ishikawa diagrams in problem-solving procedures where the branches of the causes include some components of the information system. The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary investigation of information systems using Ishikawa diagram and sectoral statistics. This study uses the System Development Life Cycle method which is limited to preliminary investigation phase. This study has mapped all the components of the information system in the Ishikawa diagram as the branches of causes which grouped into 4M. Sectoral statistics determine the percentage of problems for each cause and category. Preliminary investigation produces several alternative solutions for clients/owners of sectoral statistics regarding categories and causes that have a percentage within the specified range. The percentages make determining the critical causes more measurable.

Migration planning is one of the phases of the Architecture Development Method (ADM) in which migration planning will be selected as key work priorities and the development of migration plans from the old to the new system. E-government is the use of information technology by the government to provide information and services for its people, business, and other matters relating to the government. E-government can be considered as a strategy to build and develop a system in a digital technology-based public service. The aim of this article is to create the concept of migration planning for e-government which integrates the old system to a new system that can produce a good public service. The methodology used in this article is the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Technique) framework with Architecture Development Method (ADM) approach, which is limited to migration planning stage. The result of this article is the concept of the migration planning in terms of projects, benefits, and needs required by government for integrated e-government and supporting the government in order to facilitate public services.

Aim this paper to describe content website of small and medium enterprises (SME). The method used is descriptive statistics using contingency tables and graph. The sample is selected purposively consisting 32 websites. The research results show that content, layout, customer care, search engine, responsive and language are the important things. Generally, the content website of SME already has a minimum standard. The role of policy-makers is required to help business people to have professional staff in information systems for good website management.

Script is one of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. Script consists of four parts: input conditions, tracks, properties, roles, scenes, and results. Script can be used to model artificial intelligence knowledge like in game designing. The use of script in game designing is relatively rare despite the fact that script representation provides comprehensive components to display a game. This research is aimed to use Script technique in game designing. To this end, a Multimedia Design Method was used. This method consisted of several steps. The first step was concept. The second was designing script, storyboard, and navigation structure. The third was material collecting. The fourth was assembly. The fifth was testing. At the testing stage, the application designer and users carried out alpha and beta testings. The sixth was distribution. At this last step, the application was stored into a media storage. The designing resulted in game software for instructional media for elementary school students. This research came into a conclusion that Script knowledge representation could model sufficient game design components.

Journal citation is a key indicator of global acceptance and considered a factor in the Indonesian academic journal accreditation system. Indonesian Journals are categorized chronologically from high to low as A and B, which Google Scholar Citations (GSC) as one inputs during assessment. This current study aimed to determine an impact of an editor private article citation to accredited A journal citation, based on Google's scholar. The data collection was conducted in January 2018 through Google's scholar account and analyzed using linear regressions. The total twelve journals were accredited A which indicated highest quality nationally in management and article content. The data statistically analyzed of twelve journals were indicated that correlation such as factors was very delicate (Multiple R = 0.17 and R Square = 0.03). Editor individual articles were only 3% judging citations of journals, while remaining 97% was influenced by other factors. Citation of Editor particular articles have no significant effect on the number of their journal citations. The high-impact journal exclusively published based on their novelty and technical competence, and in the potential of article-level metrics. Key factor determined impact journal was quality, accuracy and authority of a journal. The editors had the impact indirectly through determined quality of article's journal.

Creating songs by using intuitive method often faces deadlock because it requires high level of ideas and creativity. Through this research paper, the researchers have analyzed the alternative path of creativity in creating a song based on computer music notation. The application used is Sibelius 7 First software (hereinafter abbreviated Sibelius), which is also used as a method to create the songs. The researchers tested it by making a number of songs in a one month. The results showed that the process of creating songs using Sibelius was relatively fast because, within a month, it could create nine songs that were quite varied both in melody and rhythm. The melodies of the created songs were recorded directly in the computer, could be evaluated and modified directly according to the creator's wish, and could be heard directly without having to involve others to sing. When the songs were filled with vocals and tested for quality by being played directly to students, their responses showed a positive acceptance of the quality and aesthetics of the melody and the rhythm of the song. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of computer music notation could increase creativity in creating quality songs.

Children's educational applications are designed to help children in the learning process; thus, direct child involvement in elicitation process helps to achieve learning objectives. Failure in the requirements elicitation stage may lead to undefined user requirements for the application affecting the quality and usability of the developed software. Failure in requirements elicitation occurs because the user is not directly involved in the application. It is also caused by the lack of the elicitation team's knowledge in selecting elicitation techniques that match the characteristics of users, where children have different characteristics with adults and parents. Communication in exploring the needs of users is closely related to elicitation techniques selection. Selection of elicitation techniques that are inconsistent with children's characteristics can lead to failure in exploring the children's needs for children educational application. The results of questionnaires and interview with the application developers show that the prototype and interview techniques are the techniques most suitable in the elicitation process involving children as respondents because these methods are suitable for the child characteristics and the short elicitation time required in the application development.

The purpose of this study is to design garbage door gaters by utilizing the technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) by using the control of microcontroller. The methodology used in this research is the design of prototype by following the stages and procedures of Research and Development. Making the control system is done through three stages, namely: software design, hardware manufacture, and integration of software and hardware. The software created includes a motion control program through the control of the microcontroller ESP8266 module connected to Arduino Nodemcu. ESP8266 will get orders from smartphones that have been installed android garage door controllers. The design results show that the design of Automatic Garage Doors designed miniature can be used effectively to perform the task up to a distance of ± 100s.

Nowadays, motorcycle is widely used by many people. There are several major categories of motorcycles in Indonesia such as automatic gear (matic), moped, and sport. Each motorcycle has a lot of types; even each type may be divided into several sub types. Generally, a sub-type of motorcycle is distinguished by features and spare parts that determine the sales price of motorcycle. Therefore, customers have trouble to determine the type of motorcycle that suits their needs and wishes. This article proposes a model that helps customer decide the motorcycle in accordance with the following criteria: gender, occupation, income, and age. This model compares and calculates a new customer with many previous customers with Naive Bayes Classifier. In evaluation phase, this model shows that 89.12% of customers feel satisfied. It means that this method valuable implement on this model. In further work, customer's advance criteria like color, durability, and resale price should increase the customer's satisfaction.

Teacher is one big assets of an educational institution. Each of teacher has a difference educational background, degree, work skill and also has a different attitude and ethic that affect to their performance in classroom. Generally, an educational institution implement teacher recruitment system in order to fullfill teacher's vacancy and improve academic quality. In our observation, we found several limitation and the biggest one is subjectivity issue. This work proposed a model to reduce the number of subjectivity. In experiment phase we implement both Simple Additive Weighting and TOPSIS also using several criteria as follow: appearance, work experience, communication skill, educational background, general knowledge, etc. to calculate the value of deservation. The result, both Simple Additive Weighting and TOPSIS mostly shows the same solution and futher work we suggest to add more criteria and combine other method to eliminate subjectivity issue.

Nowadays, learning methods on the procedure of shalat and wudhu are found everywhere, both formal institutions, non formal and through learning media such as books and smartphones. However, these media are considered not interest children to learn the procedures of shalat and wudhu. This work proposes an enhanced shalat and wudhu learning media through speech recognition feature on input method of searching search material of shalat and wudhu. This technology allows a device to recognize and understand the word that spoke by someone to digitizing words and matching those digital signals to a specific pattern that was stored in the media stored. Knuth Morris Pratt was chosen as an algorithm used for the matching of keywords with the material for shalat and wudhu. In limited test, this app was using by 10 kids, with 7-9 years old. The result, 7 of 10 kids interested to learn shalat and wudhu using this app. The searching modul with Knutt Morris Pratt has working properly with 80% accuration.

The name for members of organizations engaged in education scouting in Indonesia is Pramuka. This research is aimed at designing an instructional multimedia system for scot activities as an effort to support character development of young generation. To this end, this research used a multimedia system development method that consisted of the following stages: Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, Testing, and Distribution. The system testing was conducted using black box on all instructional systems. The result revealed that the built functions were in accordance with the design and could run on Android-based smartphones. This research came into a conclusion that the instructional system for scout in question could work effectively and efficiently on mobile devices.

This article aims to measure the size of the software Online Admission System using the method of Use Case Point (UCP). UCP method can help developers in the estimation of factor productivity development of software projects that include estimated time work, human resource needs, and the estimated cost of creating software. This method has the ability in providing the effort estimation approach which is needed to do a software development project. The measurement is carried out based on the number and complexity of software projects by analyzing the actor, use case, and a variety of technical factors as well as environmental factors. The result of the measurement is the software development project of online admission system belongs the medium category with the acquisition value of UCP 103.86, estimated cost 277,168,750 IDR and time work 1,454 hours

Indonesia is rich in local language. Several of them have their own script, such as Sundanese. Sundanese script is a culture legacy that deserves to be preserved. Sundanese script is syllabic that means each script illustrates the symbol of a syllable, so to change it needs spelling separation. This research proposed a system as solution to learn Sundanese script. The system accepted Latin input which would then be converted into Sundanese script. Latin script was splitted into syllable using the Finite State Automata algorithm with the Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NDFA) model. Then, transition of syllable separation was represented by transition diagram and guided by the rules of writing and the pattern of Sundanese syllables. We did 6 test cases as a simple black box testing for making sure that the conversion process has done well. Then, we tested the system with 30 respondents using a questionnaire with 5 questions relating to the ease and accuracy of the information provided in the process of converting Latin script to the Sundanese script. With Likert technique for data processing of the questionnaire, obtained the result was around 79.8% of the respondent strongly agree that the information provided was precise, the system was easy to use and easy to understand the Sundanese script

Geographic information systems are a computer-based information system that uses spatial data and provides information about survey results, conducted by Tracer Study. The aim of this article is to design a geographic information system of tracer study in which it can present job vacancies' information needed by the alumni and data of alumni's feedback (such as job-searching, work environments, college contributions, and utilization of competence acquisition during lectures) needed by the universities. The methodology used in this article is an object-oriented methodology with Unified Software Development Process (USDP) approach as well as Unified Modelling Language (UML) modelling, in which this article is limited to the stage of the design model. The result of this research is a concept of geographic information system of tracer study that is needed to accommodate the needs of alumni's job-searching and to facilitate Tracer Study in universities

Sugarcane is a unique grass variety that allows many cuts for more than a few years. Plant growth is very slow in the early stages that takes 25-30 days to complete germination and 90-95 more days to complete the tillers. Small scale sugarcane farmers generally do not have direct access to sugar mills but through loggers. Sugarcane farmer must increase cost for the loggers by themself. Sugarcane farmers often forgot the time at the moment when they planted sugarcane. This study proposes a new approach to establish detection of maturity of sugarcane before harvesting by detecting through stem of sugarcane. This study illustrates the maturity of sugarcane. This study used its own datasets of 300 stem images of sugarcane and to differentiate into three categories, immature, semi-mature, and mature. The study is divided into two processes, the first one is extraction using the RGB color feature and Gabor texture feature, and the second is the classification process using the Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes and Artificial Neural Network methods. Based on the trial it is known that Support Vector Machine has the best results with precision and recall of 87,4% and 85,7% respectively.

Fresh fruit bunch analysis has been research interest for many years. Various techniques have been proposed. However, complex techniques may exert problem in implementation, This article report the fresh fruit bunch ripeness identification by using back propagation and learning vector quantification to identify whether the fruits ripen or not. Simple analysis methods are used so that application such as drone based identification can be easily implemented. The fruit sample contains fresh ripe fruit bunch (RFB) and fresh unripe fruit bunch (UFB). By using 20 RFBs and 20 UFBs, the classification results at least 95% precision, 98% accuracy, sensitivity 1, and specificity 0.95.

Medical errors are pervasive in healthcare systems globally, and they pose significant consequences in the form of first and second victims. Second victims are healthcare professionals directly affected by a medical error, who are frequently overlooked, shamed, and vilified. Mindfulness can ameliorate second victim syndrome, however reducing the amount of medical errors would be preferable in addressing this iceberg phenomenon. WHO mentioned that the prevalence of medical error far outweighs those of Highly Reliable Organisations, which operate in high hazard conditions without meaningful errors in extended periods of time. Collective mindfulness lies in the heart of HRO tenets, which can foster a highly reliable healthcare with lower incidence of medical errors and subsequently, second victims. We explored the use of mindfulness in cultivating HRO principles by conducting a bottom-up mindfulness survey targeting the staff and top-down seminars targeting the managers. Harvard Business Review online mindfulness quiz and OECD leaders' questionnaire were used to yield tangible (patient safety booklet and visible floor signs) and intangible results (high-level of mindfulness among staff, good level of precaution among leaders, and lack of blaming culture which leads to second victims). Further actions include scaling up more rigorous mindfulness training for the entire hospital staff.

In this simulation study, Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) will be used to analyze time series data with outlier. Time series data with outliers will be generated by open source software R (OSSR) for many replications. The goal of this research is to evaluate robustnes of the SSA model. SSA analyzes both types of time series data, with outlier and without outlier. Performance of S SA will be evaluated by changing of SSA parameter (Window length) and other parameter is determined by automatic grouping. Moreover, the MAPE (mean absolute percentage Error) of SSA is measured for both types of data. The result of Simulation study shows the larger the data the smaller the effect of the outliers. However, the larger the data the greater the shift in the value of L. The accuracy of SSA will decrease by 0.245 (MAPE) if there is available outlier in Moving Average (MA) data. For Autoregressive data, the accuracy of SSA will decrease by 0.264 (MAPE) if there is available single outlier in time series data.

Nowadays, there are a number of applications, specifically, those of information technology to learn languages. The technology even comes into private devices for personal studies. However, surveys relat-ed to the use of applications or information technology remain limited. The same case also happens to testing related to the effectiveness of applications, programs, or information technology. Therefore, this study aims at conducting surveys and measuring the effectiveness of information technology use in language learning. The other research question deals with the use of information technology in language learning. This study utilized survey methods to obtain some information from the respondents about their preference on western songs. The results showed that 92.3% of 155 respondents liked to listen to songs. A total of 46.5% respondent's stat-ed that they liked western song, while 47.7% of them stated that they might like western song. Yet 80.6% of respondents stated that they studied foreign languages through songs, and only 46.5% memorized the lyrics of western songs. This research on song-based information technology has great potential in language learning.

Handling Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) becomes Indonesia's national priority. DHF is an infectious disease whose treatment requires precision and speed of diagnosis. Data mining can be used to build prediction diagnosing DHF disease with supporting database. This paper aims to predict DHF using SVM, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest and then compare it with the accuracy of the result of third method. The accurate DHF prediction system can be used to avoid the error of diagnosing DHF and the treatment of the disorder can be done more quickly and precisely. The input systems are the patient's medical records (i.e. temperature, spotting, rumple leed, and bleeding) and the output system is suffering from DHF or not.

Preparation of chitosan composite film using activated carbon had been successfully conducted. Activated carbon was produced by pyrolysis process of oil palm empty fruit bunch. The chitosan composite films were prepared by varying activated carbon content. The obtained chitosan composite films were charactherized by tensile test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electon Microscope (SEM). Tensile test results showed content of activated carbon influenced the tensile strength of chitosan film. Adsorption study was conducted with various contact time, pH and initial concentration of Cd²⁺. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the mechanism of Cd²⁺ adsorption by chitosan composite film. The maximum adsorption capacity based on Langmuir isoterm model (Q) was 333.33 mg/g. Regeneration study showed the chitosan composite film exhibited higher performance than pure chitosan film.

In Indonesia, beef meat usually sells with expensive price. It because of long distribution from the cattle rancher to the end customer. This causing a high-cost on the production and distribution. This condition made some people trying to be tricky by mixing beef meat with another meat, such as pork. It occurs the financial loss for customers. Currently, the meat identification done manually using visual identification of human vision. This method has a lot of weaknesses to differ beef and pork meat due because it need expert to identify the difference. The improvement of science and technology in computer vision helps the customer to identify beef and pork meat automatically using its images. This research classification of beef meat and pork using back-propagation method for its classifier. The purpose of this study is identifying differences in beef and pork based on digital image. Color feature using first order statistic mean from its RGB color value and using Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix for texture analysis. Experiment result of classification of beef and pork meat using Back-propagation, RGB color histogram value, and Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix achieving 89,57% of accuracy result.

This study aims to develop an instructional of Tie Dye Creation for the elderly with the application multimedia in the form of video tutorials. This multimedia was developed as media of learning fine arts especially Tie Dye Creation for the elderly to life in order to be more qualified. The approach was conducted in this study is a mixed-method to develop R&D models Borg and Gall. Research is focused towards the development of instructional Fine Arts video tutorial related materials to make Tie Dye Creations for elderly as well as the design and implementation of based learning. Design of instructional development is beneficial to increase productivity in tie dye creation by the elderly. The product consists of video tutorial and concise manual book of tie dye creation. The results showed that the product improved the elderly learning outcomes effectively. That included the quality of tie dye products and life of the elderly. Based on the result, the product is recommended to be used as a learning resource. The existence of the instructional development to multimedia-based art in the form of video tutorial to improve the quality of elderly life.

Bone implant plates are only used temporarily during the healing process of a fractured bone. Once the healing process is complete, the implants need to be surgically removed. By using biodegradable material there will be no need for an implant removal surgery, because the implant plate will be degraded and destroyed naturally in the body. This biodegradable implant would need to bestrong enough to handle the body's weight and movement to be able to replace the bone physiologic function until the fractured bone is completely healed. A possible biodegradable material that could be degraded and destroyed naturally in the body is magnesium. However, magnesium has its limitation; its ability to resist corrosive properties is faster than a fractured bone healing process. Therefore, the plastic deformation process is done by suppressing the platewith 1%, 2%, and 3% degradation. It will increase the magnesium's ability to resist the dynamic force and improve its mechanical properties, so that the biodegradable implant plate can perform its function as a substitute for the fractured bone until the healing process is completed and degraded naturally only afterwards.The corrosive body fluid environment and recurring loads retained by the implant plate during the bone fixation process lead to fatigue of the implant plate.The crack rate testing of deformed magnesium alloys after immersion process in the physiological fluid DMEM can provide useful information on magnesium mechanical strength enhancement and subsequently whether it is feasible to be used as biodegradable bone implant plate.

The Ni-TiAlN/Si3N4 composite coating has been investigated. The composites were deposited at fixed electrodeposition current of 3 mA for 15 minutes. The electrolyte consists of 0.49 mol/l H3BO3, 0.17 M NiCl26H2O, 0.38 M NiSO46H2O, 0.2 gr/lit SDS, 2 gr/lit AlN and 2 gr/lit TiN. The concentration of Si3N4nanofiber was varied into 10, 20 and 30 gr/lit. The electrodes used were Pt wire as counter electrode, AgClwire as reference electrode and tungsten carbide (WC) rod as working electrode. The surface morphology and composition of composites were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The crystal structure of composites was characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the hardness was tested by using Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that the composite coating surface morphology was finer as the increase of Si3N4 concentration due to the decrease of Ni crystal size. The increase of S3N4 concentration indicating the formation of stable structure composed of Ni-TiAlN/Si3N4 caused the increase of the coating hardness.

In the field of health, ceramics are used for the repair, reconstruction and replacement of the teeth and bones and the body tissue, which is now very possible to be developed into bio-ceramics. Bio-ceramic materials can be used for the manufacture of artificial teeth, wherein this material consists of kaolin, quartz, feldspar, and eggshell. The use of eggshells as an added ingredient and reinforcement in the artificial teeth has been studied and reviewed in some literatures, but they report the effect of temperature on the burning of egg shells is still lacking. This paper investigates the effect of eggshell burning temperature on the mechanical properties of artificial teeth. The effect of different burning temperatures on hardness is also presented.

We have synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by using simple wet chemical method at calcination temperature of 400° C for 2 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to analyse morphology and crystal structure of ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. Morphologically, ZnO nanoparticles aggregated formed larger particles. Then, according to the International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) number #98-002-9272, the XRD spectra confirmed that the ZnO nanoparticles have polycrystalline hexagonal structure with prefer orientation of (002) and crystallite size in the range 21 nm.

Salacca midrib fibers (SMF) have potential as a new source of cellulosic material. The method of isolate cellulose from SMF carried out by the different stages of chemical treatment. First stage is alkalization using sodium hydroxide and then second stage is bleaching treatment using hydrogen peroxide. The chemical composition analysis of SMF was determined at different stages of chemical treatments. Physical analysis was carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Change in surface morphologies of fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Isolation process of cellulose from SMF by alkali and bleaching treatments successfully increased content of α-cellulose, decreased content of lignin and increased percentage of index crystallinity of fibers.

Graphite is a natural carbon source that can be used for graphene synthesis because of its abundant availability and relatively low cost. In this research, Graphene Oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) have been prepared through modified Hummers method that uses microwave irradiation and hydrothermal process as reduction methods. This research can be divided into two main steps, i.e. preparation of GO and preparation of rGO. The preparation of GO was done using modified Hummers method that refers to graphite powder oxidation for five days. Then, preparation of rGO was done using two methods, i.e. microwave irradiation for 8 minutes at 1,000 watts and hydrothermal process for 10 hours at 200°C. The characterization of the samples was observed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD pattern of GO sample shows a peak at 2θ = 10.63°, rGO sample from hydrothermal process at 2θ = 25.94°, and rGO sample from microwave irradiation method at 2θ = 25.94° with low intensity and at 2θ = 10.63° that indicates the presence of GO. IR spectroscopy data shows an absorption peak of aromatic C=C at 1,573 cm-1 that indicates rGO formation. SEM images of GO illustrates a structure of stacked flakes. While the morphology of rGO has a structure of stacked flakes that is more transparent than GO. According to UV-Vis spectroscopy, GO and rGO of samples show absorption peak at λmax = 225 nm and λmax = 274 nm, respectively, which indicates π→π* transition of aromatic C=C bond. Based on the results of this study, the preparation of rGO using modified Hummers that combined with hydrothermal reduction method is more effective than microwave irradiation reduction method.

Liquid crystal polymer of Cholesteryl Acrylate-Indium Tin Oxide (PolyChoA-ITO) in this study has been successfully synthesized by UV curing method, which variations of ITO concentrations i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% w/w. This research using ITO as a doping on a cholesteryl acrylate monomer and subsequently polymerized. Characterization of PolyChoA-ITO using FTIR, that resulted a peak at 1600-1750 cm-1 that identifies the stretching vibration of the C=O group. The peak of the wavelength also shows the interaction of ITO with cholesteryl acrylate in PolyCho A-ITO. Characterization of PolyChoA-ITO using X Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed some peaks at 2θ = 7,53□; 15,27□; 8,10□; and 30,40□; which is the typical peak of ITO and the typical peak of cholesteryl acrylate. SEM image of PolyChoA-ITO shows that ITO is agglomerated on the surface of cholesteryl acrylate polymer that uniform. Conductivity properties of PolyChoA-ITO shows that the higher concentration of ITO is added the greater the conductivity value. The maximum conductivity value of PolyChoA-ITO at 10% ITO concentration is 50.352 × 10-8 S/m.

The research aimed to find out the effect of the compound composition of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and silica (SiO₂) derived from natural materials silica are used as Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ composite within the matrix of the Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) as an electromagnetic wave-absorbing material. The research conducted by extracting magnetite from iron sand using co-precipitation method and silica extracted from rice husk ash calcination method. The experiment was conducted with compositing both of extraction product with a certain ratio in the matrix. The next sample is used as an electromagnetic wave absorbent composite material along with the UPR. Electromagnetic wave absorption tested on 8 GHz-12GHz frequency. The results prove that Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/UPR material by the composition of the composite is 1:1 can absorb electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 10 GHz with an absorb range 14.5 dB.

This study aims to develop a paper indicator from Aerva sanguinolenta plant extract. The experimental method is used including the analysis of the dye, the extraction of various solvents, the test of the phenolic compound, and the absorbance measurement of the UV-Vis spectrophotometry of the plant extract, and the creation of indicator paper by absorbing the extract of A. sanguinolenta, and testing it on the pH range of 1-14. The experimental results show that the indicator made from coarse filter paper with ethanol extract of the polypropylene binder of the decoction product has the best characteristic shown by the absorbance of 1,186 ppm of bright purple anthocyanin. The resulting color change range is evident from purple to yellow in the pH range 11-12. This research is expected to facilitate the teacher using indicator paper in practice.

The aim of this research is to obtain Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) surfactant from bagasse as an alternative petroleum sulfonate. The experimental method of the process SLS surfactant from bagasse through two processes, hydrolysis and sulphonation process. Then tested for its characteristics through FTIR test, LCMS test, NMR test and compatibility test. Based on the structure of the sodium lignosulfonate of bagasse with the empirical formula of lignosulfonate monomer is (C₁₁H₁₆O₈S)_n, have hydrophil and lipophyl groups. The calculation of Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB), the synthesized SLS surfactant of bagasse has a HLB value of 11.62. From the compatibility test, this SLS surfactant have a good aquaeous stability, no turbidity, perfect soluble and clear. This SLS surfactant capable of water wet system and having the category as an O/W (Oil in Water) emulsion, indicating that the surfactant good dissolves in water. The mechanism of the synthesized SLS surfactant of the bagasse produces a good microemulsion between surfactant and oil. HLB is one of the parameters used to determine surfactant function. Based on the characteristic test and HLB value calculation it turns out that bagasse can be used as SLS surfactant. As an injection fluid in the EOR process, the SLS surfactant from bagasse has been in the function as O/W emulsion. So the use of lignosulfonate surfactant synthesized from bagasse is a challenge to be developed futher as a surfactant for the EOR process.

Zeolite ZSM-11 is a synthesized zeolite that has catalytic properties and the ability to adsorb easily. In zeolite synthesis, various precursors are used and one of them is silica. The silica used in this study is silica isolated from agricultural waste, namely bamboo leaf. Bamboo leaves have a high silica content, thus have potential to be used as silica source for zeolite synthesis. The silica was obtained by isolation from bamboo leaves using NaOH solution. The silica isolated from bamboo leaf isolation has a purity percentage of 57.1%. The synthesis of zeolite ZSM-11 using silica derived from bamboo leaves was performed with a molar ratio of 1 SiO₂: 0.56 TBAOH: 40 H₂O using hydrothermal method at 170 ° C for 2 days. Synthesized zeolites were characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM. XRD analysis results show Zeolite ZSM-11 with crystalline phase. The FTIR analysis results show the characteristic zeolite ZSM-11 absorption peaks. And the result of SEM analysis got coffin-shaped form with hexagonal-shaped crystal lattice.

Soap mostly use synthetic materials that can cause side effects, the selection of natural ingredients milk kefir in soap making is expected to reduce the growth of bacteria that can cause skin irritation. The purpose of this research is to know the optimum Kefir whey measurement in soap making process and to know the characteristics of the soap produced. Variations of Kefir whey used in this study 38%, 43%, 48%. The process of making kefir soap itself using the combined method of hot and cold process. The resulting solid soaps tested for quality according to SNI 3532:2016 including moisture content, total fat matter, and pH. The physical analysis includes foam and emulsion stability. Based on the study of the water content of the three types of soap is 13.64%,12.753%,12.086%. amount acid fat on various composition kefir soap that is 70.56%, 87.36%, 99.12%. For pH 10.04, 9.91 and 9.85. Foam stability 72.72%, 86.66%, 100%. Value stability sample soap this is 96.3%, 95.6%, 96.2%. Thus, giving of kefir whey as much as 48% recommended for the manufacture of kefir soap.

This study aims to analysis of critical thinking skills in chemistry learning of the topics electrolyte solution and oxidation-reduction reaction by using mobile learning media. The subjects of this study at 3 Bogor High School West of Java. The research was conducted in December 2016 - July 2017. The research method used is qualitative method. Data analysis techniques were performed with data reduction, data display, conclusions and verification. The quality standard used is trustworthiness with the criteria of credibility through prolonged engagement, persistent observation, progressive subjectivity and member checking. Research data obtained through observation during learning, critical thinking skills tests, interviews, and questionnaires. Indicators of critical thinking skills in question are asking and answering questions, focusing questions, considering the credibility of a source, making observations and considering observation reports, making inductions and considering induced results, defining terms and considering definitions, deciding an action, and interacting with others. The results showed that eight critical thinking indicator tends to awaken and develop on learning with mobile learning media. Based on the results of critical thinking skills tests of each indicator studied include a score of 82% - 88% which can be categorized in good category.

The quality of ferrous metals may decrease due to corrosion. The corrosion rate can be inhibited using inhibitors derived from organic compounds. Sugar cane waste from the sugar industry contains lignin that can be used as an environmentally friendly organic inhibitor, also called green inhibitor or eco-friendly inhibitor. The present article describes the use of green eco-friendly lignin natural polymer as corrosion inhibitor on the surface of ferrous metal in acidic media. Lignin was isolated from bagasse by acidification methods and characterized by FTIR to confirm the functional groups. The inhibition effectiveness of lignin against corrosion rate was observed by varying the concentration of lignin and metal immersion time in acidic medium. By using weight-loss method, it was found that the optimum inhibition effectiveness was 80.79% using the lignin concentration of 10 g/L and metal immersion time for 6 hours. The corrosion rate decreases with increasing lignin concentration of bagasse and length of immersion time.

The purpose of this research is to determining the concentration of the coloured solution NiSO4 and to know the accuracy of smartphone application usage. Determining the concentration of a coloured solution using a smartphone can be an alternative to overcome the limitations of spectrophotometric or colorimetric instruments. An approach using the smartphone is based on hue colon is read by a smartphone application, then the data generated from the application is RGB value and will be processed to determine the concentration. Determining the concentration of the coloured solution is assisted by three standards solution and the concentration are known to make the standard curves. The methodology of this research is research and development. The results in this research have a fairly good accuracy percentage, for both unknown concentrations of NiSO4 solution the percentage of accuracy is 100% and 95% with a percent error is 0% and 5%. This indicates the application on the smartphone is suitable for use in determining the concentration of the coloured solution.

Bufferr solution is one of the abstract chemical concepts so it needs deep study and optimal time to learn it. The purpose of this research is to describe the development of buffer material through flipped classroom learning model. The method used is pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. Research subjects are chemistry education study program students of second semester. The results showed that students are able to respond to the phenomenon and explain the buffering buffer technique based on the working principle; responding to the calculation result of buffer process; and predict the pH of blood in the body based on the effect of activity. This is achieved because students explore the material optimally outside the face-to-face with the help of learning videos, and then discussed in the classroom. Thus the material of the buffer can be studied optimally. The development of buffer materials through the flipped classroom model can contribute to higher order thinking skills.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate in-vitro sunscreen activity of a cream formulation containing benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylate dianhydride (BTDA). Sunscreen is used to protect skin from the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV)A (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm) radiation. The most common chemical sunscreen is derivatives of benzophenone. The potency of benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylate dianhydride for sun protection was evaluated using in-vitro spectrophotometric technique. Several cream formulation containing 5% (F1), 6% (F2), and 7% (F3) BTDA were designed. These cream were subjected to physical characteristic such as, organoleptic, viscosity, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesivity, and stability (tuliskan satuan –bila ada). The sun protection factors (SPF) were analyzed by spectrophotometry using samples irradiated with UV in B region. All cream formulations showed good physical characteristics. The formulation of sunscreen cream containing BTDA meets the requirements of physical properties. SPF values of BTDA, F1, F2, and F3 were 6.40±0.21; 0.27±0.03; 0.87±0.01; and 0.56±0.00, respectively. All cream formulations of sunscreen cream containing BTDA meets the requirements of physical properties with satisfactory characteristics, but does not indicate any sun protection activities.

Metoprolol is one of the Beta blocker antihypertensive drugs. The aim of this study was to obtain a thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry method for analysis of metoprolol in plasma and urine. The TLC was carried out on the aluminum sheet of silica gel 60 F254, using chloroform, methanol, and ammonia (4:6:0.2 v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometric measurements were done using densitometer TLC Scanner 4 at 282 nm. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9899 (15-35 μg/spot) for plasma and 0.9904 (15-75 μg/spot) for urine. The minimum detectable amounts for plasma and urine were found to be 4.60 and 4.47 μg/spot respectively. Quantitative limits for plasma and urine were 15.34 and 14.90 μg/spot respectively. The accuracy of the method was accessed by % recovery and found to be 99.52 % for plasma and 102.73 % for urine. The relative standard deviation values for plasma and urine were 5.29 and 4.07% respectively. The method showed acceptable validation parameters. It can be used for the analysis of metoprolol in human plasma and urine.

Preparation of chitosan composite film using activated carbon had been successfully conducted. Activated carbon was produced by pyrolysis process of oil palm empty fruit bunch. The chitosan composite films were prepared by varying activated carbon content. The obtained chitosan composite films were charactherized by tensile test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electon Microscope (SEM). Tensile test results showed content of activated carbon influenced the tensile strength of chitosan film. Adsorption study was conducted with various contact time, pH and initial concentration of Cd²⁺. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the mechanism of Cd²⁺ adsorption by chitosan composite film. The maximum adsorption capacity based on Langmuir isoterm model (Q) was 333.33 mg/g. Regeneration study showed the chitosan composite film exhibited higher performance than pure chitosan film.

This study aims to describe learning activities, to analyze students 'ability to complete worksheets, and to analyze students' generic science skills during the determination of based mineral water chloride content.The Mohr method is an argentometric titration that can be applied to the determination of the mineral water chloride content. Inquiry Guided Laboratory can be used as an alternative learning model to develop generic science skills of students. IGL adopt learning cycle stages consisting of orientation, exploration, concept discovery, application and finality. Subjects of this study are 57 student of Chemistry Analytical students. The research design used is classroom research. The research instrument consisted of instructional learning observation sheet, psychomotor assessment sheet, worksheet, and report and presentation report sheet that emphasized on generic science skill assessment. The result of the research shows that the learning is done very well, with the average of the implementation percentage is 88,27%. The students' ability to complete the worksheet earns an average of 87.92. Generic science skills developed through learning scored an average of 88.1. The generic science skills generator developed scores above 80, only symbolic language indicators scored 76.6. It shows that inquiry guided laboratory can developed generic science skill on determination of mineral chloride levels in packed drink.

Typhoid fever is a world health problem and often occurs in developing countries, including Indonesia. In a previous study, the UNJ Salmonella team successfully isolated, cloned, expressed, and purified inclusion bodies Fim-C S. typhi recombinant protein sized 31 Kilo Dalton (KDa). Furthermore, these proteins have been used as antigen in immunogenicity evaluation with ddY mice as test animals and give excellent results. This study aims to determine the immune response other of rodent test animals against Fim-C S. typhi recombinant protein as antigen. Immunogenicity evaluation was performed using male Wistar rats. That were divided into five test groups: Normal group, Control Group 1, Control Group 2, and Samples Group 1, Samples Group 2. The results of the ELISA analysis showed an increase in antibody titters produced by Wistar rats after subcutaneous immunized with Fim-C protein emulsified adjuvant or without adjuvant. The result of Western Blot showed the specific interaction between iinclusion bodies Fim-C S. typhi recombinant protein as antigen with anti-Fim-C S.typhi antibodies. It can be concluded that Fim-C S. typhi protein can be used as a potential vaccine candidate for typhoid disease. These results are expected to be an alternative in the discovery of new vaccines.

This study aims to develop an Android-Based Mobile Learning Media on Atomic Structure and Periodic Table. The development of mobile learning media adapted the research and development stages by Borg & Gall which was reduced to three stages: needs assessment, media development, and media testing. Mobile learning media that has been developed is an Android-based application (.apk) named ATOMOB, with size less than 45 MB compatible on Android devices with variety of screen resolution sizes. It was reviewed by expert of chemistry, expert of multimedia, chemistry teachers, and students. The quality of this media was determined based on the aspect of subject matter, language, operating process, audio and visual display. The assessment data are collected from 10 experts, 5 chemistry teachers and 100 senior high school students by using Likert questionnaire. Overall interpretation of assessments by experts, students, and teachers resulted in very good criteria on each assessment indicator. This mobile learning media can motivate students to learn more about chemistry because students said this media is interesting, attractive, and make learning more meaningful. Therefore, mobile learning media that has been developed is feasible to be used as learning media and suitable with students' needs.

Since hundreds year ago, the application of natural dyes on batik is unique procedure to obtain special fabrics and colour. Today, this technique is gaining popularity all over the world, because of the increased awareness on environmental, ecological aspects, and pollution control. In this research, extraction of dyes from wood of Morinda citrifolia using simple precipitation assisted brine solution has been investigated. The color components extracted and isolated from Morinda citrifolia plant were characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), IR techniques and reflectance methods. The natural dye extract obtained from the Morinda citrifolia was used for the dyeing of cotton fabrics. The results indicated that the extracted dye increase significant improvement in fabrics colour. The treated fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Food poisoning is a disease caused by bacterial, viral or parasitic infections, which contaminate food. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the detection of the primer pair of fimC Salmonella typhi genes using the Real-time PCR methods for the rapid kit development. The evaluation of the primer ability is determined by the accumulation of fluorescence signal from the amplification curve connecting the number of Cycle threshold (Ct) to the intensity of the amplicon signal that can reach the threshold line. The results showed that the primer fimC gene successfully amplifies the S. typhi DNA target fragment on Ct 14.783. In addition, the Ct data from this study also informed that the primer sensitivity of the fimC gene against the target S. typhi bacteria gave a minimum detection rate of 4,528 pg/μL, and the primer specificity evaluation of that primer to non-targeted bacteria Shigella dysenteriae gave Ct 27,949. Based on the data it can be concluded that fimC S. typhi primers gene can be used as sensitive and fast detection devices, but still require improvement in the specificity.

The low achievement of learning outcomes in thermochemistry and rate of reaction subject of high school students is caused by students difficulties in solving algorithmic problems, especially procedural capabilities based on calculation in a limited time. Therefore, it is needed a learning strategy to support the achievement of thermochemistry and rate of reaction subject learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Flipped Classroom in improving the results of learning thermochemistry and rate of reaction subject learning outcomes. Flipped classroom is a teaching method that delivers the subject material to students at home through electronic device and uses classroom time for practical application activities. This research used experimental method with treatment by level 2 × 2. The result of this study concludes that the result of thermochemistry and rate of reaction learning outcomes are higher with flipped classroom instructional strategy than learning with expository instructional strategy. It is recommended that the flipped classroom instructional strategy can be used as an alternative learning process in thermochemistry and rate of reaction.

This paper presents our preliminary investigation on the deposit growth characteristic of FeCoNi nanoparticles prepared using potentiostatic electrodeposition. The FeCoNi electrodeposition was conducted in sulfate electrolyte containing cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Prior to the deposit preparation, cyclic voltammetry analysis was carried out to determine co-deposition potential of iron, cobalt and nickel ions. Mechanism of the deposit growth was studied based on the recorded potentiostatic current transient. The (i/i_m) versus (t/t_m) plot indicated that nucleation and particles growth of FeCoNi was found to follow the instantaneous type closely, but with a very fast particle growth phase before entering diffusion stage. This growth characteristic produced fine nanoparticles of FeCoNi with homogeneous size distribution.

Lightning is the important parts in plants as the source of energy that affects growth and development. Differences in the colour of light used will result the differences effect of growth and flowering parameters. The research aims to determine the effect of growth and flowering after the treatment of 3 different light colours on 3 varieties of chrysanthemums. The method used in this research is experimental method of Randomized Block Factorial Design with red, yellow, and white light treatment, and 3 chrysanthemum varieties are Marimar, Suciyono, and Erika Agrihorti. The parameters that observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, flowering age, stem length and flower diameter. The results showed that there was significant interaction after the treatment of red light with Suciyono varieties with the average diameter of 5 mm. The results showed white light colour treatment effect on flowering age with longest value 59 days after planting. Varieties Erika Agrihorti showed the largest plant height that is 77.33 cm, flowering age at 59 days after planting, and the length of the stem is 81.22 cm. Suciyono variety shows the number of leaves with an average of 52.66 pieces and the diameter of the flowers of 14.78 cm.

With the development of technology today, android mobile have many benefits for humans in various fields, namely in the field of information, education, business and communication. This study aims to create a media application as a model of biology learning to introduce flowers Wijaya Kusuma to biology students are classified as a rare flower and has a uniqueness in the blossoming of flowers that sometimes humans rarely to be able to find where and when the right time for the flowering process Wijaya Kusuma. Based on that, the researchers analyzed and looked for solutions how to introduce the interest of Wijaya Kusuma to the students in the biology learning process by utilizing Augmented Reality (AR) technology. AR as the incorporation of real and virtual objects in real environments, runs interactively in real time and there is integration between the three dimensions (3D). Merging of real and virtual objects is possible with the appropriate display technology. In this research-based augmented reality application created with the marker method which uses a marker for the detection of objects in combining the digital world and the real world. There are 5 markers a marker to display animations and 3D objects as well as information of interest Wijaya Kusuma, the information delivered include voice and text that can make the application interactive. This application is very useful for biology students who study the course of Plant Physiology.

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of sexing sperm before freezing by Percoll density gradient centrifugation method using egg yolks tris aminomethan and andromed® extender. This research method was experimental laboratory studies, the treatment egg yolks tris aminomethan and andromed® extender, parameters observed in the study include motility, percentage of viability and abnormalities fresh sperm before freezing. Sexing results were analyzed using completely randomized design, each treatment consisted of 10 replications. The results showed that both sperm motility and abnormalities using andromed had significant (P <0.05) than using egg yolk tris aminomethan. Glicerol in andromed as a cryoprotectant in the groove mechanism of the reaction cell preservation were to a decrease in freezing cryoprotectant medium, to the protect cell membranes, to curb the influence of increasing concentration, as well as to change the shape and size of ice crystals. It might be concluded that the quality of spermatozoa using andromed better than using egg yolk tris aminomethan.

The luciferase, an important element, is currently being developed as an early detection for cancer biomarker. This study aims to obtain the gene sequence for luciferase and discover the percentage of similarity between the luciferase gene from Diaphanes javanus Gorham and gene bank reference fireflies. The study employed a descriptive analysis method. The results of the isolation, restriction and amplification of the luciferase gene produced a single band and nucleotide readings. The luciferase contig sequence for Diaphanes sp. was compared to the with the gene bank reference sequence. The highest similarity of the luciferase gene in Diaphanes sp was showing high similarity. The similarity rate can help to determine the direction of the development of the Diaphones sp luciferase gene in native species of Indonesia.

This present study reports the polyisoprenoids (polyprenol/dehydrodolichol and dolichol) profile, and composition from selected Sapotaceae leaves and roots namely Manilkara zapota, Ma. kauki, and Mimusops elengi. The existence and circulation of polyisoprenoids were investigated using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The polyisoprenoid profile in the leaves and roots were observed and categorised into two types. Type-I, depicting a dominating of dolichols over polyprenols (100%) was detected in Ma. zapota roots only. These dolichols occurred one longer-chain dolichol family (C75-C105). Type-II, expressing the existence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was detected in the leaves of Ma. zapota, Ma. kauki, and Mi. elengi. Similarly, type-II was also found in the roots of Ma. kauki and Mi. elengi. Dolichol concentrations and relative proportions were more abundances found than polyprenols both in the leaves and roots. Polyprenols in the leaves and roots were characterised chain length of C75-C120. By contrast, dolichols occurred shorter and longer-chains in the leaves of Ma. kauki (C55-C140 and more) and Mi. elengi (C45-C140 and more). The present study suggested that the pattern of medium-chain polyprenols, longer-chain polyprenol, shorter dolichols, and longer dolichols occurred in Sapotaceae family.

Aflatoxin is a naturally mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin found in feed and food. Aflatoxin contamination on maize can affect productivity of feed and food manufacture. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates and to understand the characteristics of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus from maize on livestock feed. The study was divided into two stages: isolation and molecular identification of fungal ITS rDNA region in livestock feed obtained from Bogor, West Java. Isolation was conducted by enrichment and direct method using Dichloran-Glycerol (DG18) medium, while aflatoxin test and fungal characterization were done by CAM (Coconut Agar Medium) and selective medium of Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus (AFPA), respectively. The result showed that 9 of isolates are identified as molds (P2, P3, P4, P5, P7, P8, are green sporulated, while P1, P6, P9 are black sporulated). Aflatoxin detection on P3 and P8 isolates did not produce blue fluorescence fluid in CAM and did not form a beige ring on the back of petri. This indicated P3 and P8 did not produce aflatoxin on CAM media. Molecular identification results that P3 and P8 isolates have 100% and 99% homology with A. flavus, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to know the palatability of the combination of waste cajuput leaves, grass field, and concentrates in the form of pellets through physical testing and its palatability on sheep. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Livestock Nutrition Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran and Community Farms at Pangalengan. Experimental design used completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 repetitions. The ration of treatment consist R1 (50% field grass + 50% concentrate), R2(25% field grass + 25% waste of cajuput leaves + 50% concentrate), and R3 (50% of waste of cajuput leaves + 50% concentrate). The data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that R2 has the best level of palatability and potential as livestock feed because nutrients content in its waste is qualify to standard for animal feed and all treatments have impact resistance more than 50%. Cajuput leaves waste, field grass and concentrate had a potency as a substitution feed of sheep.

Timor Deer (Rusa Timorensis) population in Pananjung Pangandaran Natural Park and Nature Reserve is decreasing. Conservation is needed to reduce the rate of population decline. Minimum viable population (MVP) is the basic information that need to know as management tool for conservation. MVP is the minimum population size that will ensure the viability of a species in a given period of time. MVP of more than a thousand species was determine generally, whereas specific MVP for every age class is necessary for efficient conservation strategy. On this study we estimate MVP of Timor Deer base on demographic parameters using Algebra linear equation system from matrix Leslie model to get specific MVP size for every age class. MVP size for Timor deer in Pananjung Pangandaran Natural Park and Nature Reserve is 97 individuals, with the composition of 32 juveniles, 47 sub-adults, and 18 adults. The actual Timor Deer population is 68 individuals with the composition of 16 juveniles, 21 sub-adults, and 31 adults. Base on this study, we have to increase juvenile and sub-adult population to ensure the viability of Timor Deer in Pananjung Pangandaran nature park and nature reserve.

A study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary tannin on methane emission from livestock by using a meta-analysis method. A total of six rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) experiments that composed of 25 treatments from published articles were integrated in a database. Parameters recorded were nutrient digestibility, total gas production, methane emission, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles, pH, ammonia concentration and microbial counts, i.e. total bacteria and protozoa. Data were statistically analyzed by using a mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects and dietary tannin was considered as fixed effect. Results revealed that methane emission decreased linearly with increasing level of dietary tannin (P < 0.01; R² = 0.677). Tannin decreased nutrient digestibility, i.e. crude protein digestibility (P < 0.05; R² = 0.407), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.01; R² = 0.411) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.01; R² = 0.543). Tannin generally did not alter VFA profiles, pH, ammonia concentration and microbial population in the RUSITEC system. It is concluded that increasing level of dietary tannin leads to a decrease in enteric methane emission from livestock. The decrease appears to be indirectly through reduction in digestibility of nutrients, particularly fiber, and directly through inhibition of archaea methanogen.

This study aimed to analyze the feeding preference of subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus) against 3 Indonesian native woods such as Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), Jati (Tectona grandis) and Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) treated with borax and bamboo smoke wood. The method was conducted and evaluated according to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS 2004) and Indoneisan National Standard (SNI 2014) with Pinus mercusii as the control. The results showed that Jabon (A. cadamba), Jati (T. grandis) and Ulin (E. zwageri) woods treated using smoke and borax were not significantly different. All treatments have effectively increased the resistance to subterranean termite attacks. The treated wood samples have less weight loss, higher termite mortality, and lower termite feeding rate compared to the untreated wood. Daily termite feeding rate of untreated P. mercusii was 1.63 mg/termite/day, smoke wood treated was 1.5 mg/termite/day and borax treated wood was 1.4 mg/termite/day. In conclusion, the smoke wood treatments effectively decreased the daily feeding rate of the termites.

Post mining soil with its low fertility can be used for crop cultivation through application of Arbuscular Micorhizal Fungi (AMF) and organic matter. The aim of the research was to know the effect of AMF and organic matter on the growth and yield of Chilli pepper (Capsicum annum L.) on post-mine sandpits soil. A field-polybag trial had been carried out using a randomized block design two factors with factorial pattern and three replications. The first factor was the type of AMF i.e. Glomus sp and Gigaspora sp each of 15 g polybag⁻¹. The second factor was the type of organic matter (chicken manure, Tithonia diversivolia compost, and guano each of 30 t ha⁻¹). The results showed there was interaction effect of AMF and organic material on root infection degree percentage and short root ratio. Application of T. diversivolia compost 30 t ha⁻¹ gave significant effect on plant height and fresh fruit weight. The experiment indicated that combination of Gigaspora and T. diversivolia compost equal to 30 t ha⁻¹ produced low root infection degree that can not be used to stimulate growth and yield of chilli crop. Only addition of T. diversivolia compost equal to 30 t ha⁻¹ can be used in crop cultivation on post-mine sandpits soil and need further for the success of AMF inoculation need to consider population size beside AMF species.

Watermelon plant in Indonesia are generally grown on paddy fields at an altitude of 0-500 m above sea level (asl) as intercrops between paddy planting seasons. The difficulties of watermelon cultivation are to achieve uniform and steady fruits quality (sweetness and weight). Implementation of hydroponics watermelon technology is an effort to increase production and productivity without disrupting rice production as a food crop. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of straw compost substrate and gibereline application to watermelon growth and yield . The research was conducted in Cilamaya Kulon of Karawang district (35 m asl) in October 2015 until January 2016. The research method used was experimental research using factorial randomized block design of 2 factors. The first factor was the ratio of planting medium consisted of 3 levels of treatment ie the ratio of straw compost with sand (1: 3, 1: 1 and 3: 1) and the second factor was the concentration of gibberellin (GA3) consisting of 4 levels of gibberellin concentration (0 ppm; 50 ppm; 150; ppm and 250 ppm). The results showed that gibberelline and straw compost ratio with sand did not occur interaction but influenced independently giving the composition of planting medium (1: 1) to plant height, fruit weight and fruit sweetness. Gibberelline concentration 50 ppm independently affects the number of leaf. The optimum growth and yield of water melon were obtain if straw compost application equal to 50%(v/v).

Secreted aspartyl proteinase 3 (SAP3) is one of the important virulence factor of Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for superficial and life-threatening infections in humans. SAP3 also contribute to the pathogenicity of Candida albicans; therefore, become a target for therapy and vaccine development. However, data of the Candida albicans SAP3 protein from Indonesian isolate is limited. The present study aimed to molecular analysis the Candida albicans SAP3 cloned from Indonesian isolate. To study Candida albicans SAP3 protein from Indonesian isolate, a Candida albicans genomic DNA was isolated from a Javanese HIV/AIDS patient. A complete coding sequence of Candida albicans SAP3 gene was cloned and sequenced. The sequencing results were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Physicochemical analysis revealed the molecular weight (Mw), estimated half-life, instability index, isoelectric point, aliphatic index, and hydrophilicity of the SAP3 protein. The antigenicity and epitope prediction also had been discussed. The results of this study would contribute information about Candida albicans SAP3 and benefits for further works willing to develop therapeutic and vaccine against the fungal.

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection is still high. One strategy to develop diagnostic and/or vaccine for the infection is by construction the recombinant protein from both viruses. To study the characterization of hepatitis B core 1-144 + human immunodeficiency virus Gag recombinant from Indonesian isolate, the hepatitis B virus core 1-144 was amplified from genomic HBV DNA isolated from Javanese blood samples. The human immunodeficiency virus Gag gene was amplified from pVLP HIV Gag, an expression plasmid expressing the human immunodeficiency virus Gag. The clones were then fused and sub cloned into an Escherichia coli expression plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was sequencing, and the recombinant gene sequencing results were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Physicochemical analysis revealed the molecular weight (Mw), estimated half-life, instability index, isoelectric point, aliphatic index, and hydrophilicity of the recombinant protein. The antigenicity and epitope prediction also had been discussed. The results of this study would contribute information about hepatitis B core 1-144 + human immunodeficiency virus Gag recombinant from Indonesian isolate and benefits for further works willing to develop diagnostic and vaccine against the viruses.

Hepatitis B virus infection is a significant risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interleukin-6, a cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions, plays important role in cellular and humoral immune responses to viral infection. The -174 G/C polymorphisms of interleukin-6 is a frequent polymorphism and may determine the outcome of viral infection. To find out the genetic association between the -174 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection in Javanese individuals, blood samples from Javanese hepatitis B virus-infected individuals and from Javanese healthy individuals confirmed by serological and molecular assays were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method was applied for genotyping. The frequencies of genotypes C/C, C/G and G/G in hepatitis B virus-infected samples were 5.3%, 31.6%, 63.1% and in controls were 20%, 38%, and 42%, respectively. The frequencies of G allele in hepatitis B virus-infected samples was higher than that of healthy samples (OR 2.4, 95%CI: 1.289-4.459, p = 0.0057). These findings suggest that the G allele was associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection in Javanese individuals.

The Toxoplasma gondii Surface Antigens 2 (SAG2) is an immunogenic antigen covering the Toxoplasma gondii and one of the main proteins expressed on the surface of the parasite tachyzoites. However, data of the Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 from Indonesian isolate is limited. To study the Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 from Indonesian isolate the gene for SAG2 was amplified from genomic DNA of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from a Javanese acute toxoplasmosis blood samples patient. The clone was sequencing, and the results were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Physicochemical analysis revealed the 190 aa of SAG2 had 19.47 kDa of weight. The isoelectric point and aliphatic index were 8.61 and 73.105, respectively. The N-terminal methionine half-life in Escherichia coli was more than 10 hours. The antigenicity, secondary structure, and identification of the HLA binding motifs also had been discussed. These findings would contribute information about Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 from Indonesian isolate.

In general, the composition of cacao cropping in Indonesia is monoculture and polyculture. The different vegetation of shade trees in cacao cropping caused differences in the growth and productivity. This study was aimed to analyze the Leaf Mass Area (LMA), stem diameter, and the number of cocoa shade science leaves during rainy and dry seasons. This study was conducted more than 10 months to cocoa cropping's with many types of shade trees (polyculture), single shade tree (monoculture) and without shade tree. The result showed that the difference of vegetation composition of shade plants affected cocoa growth and productivity. Leaf mass area (LMA), ratio green and senescent leaves, flower and pods of cocoa on polyculture especially in cocoa with many types of trees were lower than polyculture patterns. Surprisingly, the polyculture cropping pattern with cocoa planting with many types of trees has almost no leaves of senescence in the early dry season. It shows a better adaptation to drought when planted with other tree species.

Maize plant growth can be improved by the addition of a combination of fertilizer such as nano silica and NPK. Nano silica is a fertilizer that contains micro-nutrients Si which is needed by monocotyl plants to support its growth while NPK fertilizer contains macronutrient such as N, P, and K. NPK fertilizer combination with nano silica aimed at reducing the use of chemical fertilizers but still can improve corn production This study was conducted to determine the effect of optimal combination of nano silica fertilizer and NPK fertilizers in improving the levels of β-carotene and nutritional value of corn (Zea mays L.). Fertilization of nano silica is done by spraying the leaves and stalks of corn plants. NPK fertilizer is given on the edge of the corn crop at a distance of 5 cm from maize, while the dose is given by calculating fertilizer requirement per plant by a dose of fertilizer per plant. There are 5 treatments in this study: P0 (without any fertilizer); P1 (25% n anosilica+ 75% NPK); P2 (50% nano silica + 50% NPK); P3 (75% nano silica + 25% NPK); P4 (100% nano silica + 0% NPK); P5 (0% nano silica+ 100% NPK). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The parameters of this study consisted of the content of β-Carotene and measured using spectrometry and nutritional value i.e. total carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fiber, fat content, ash content, and moisture content were determined by proximate analyzed. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) if there is a significant difference result can be followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 95% significance level. The results show that the combination of nano silica fertilizer and NPK fertilizer have effects on levels of β-carotene and nutritional value of corn (Zea mays L.). The combined use of NPK fertilizer and nano silica increase beta-carotene and nutritional value compared to corn plants that were not given fertilizer. The most optimal combination of fertilization to maximize the growth of maize is 75% of nano silica fertilizer and 25% NPK fertilizer.

Legume is feed commodity for livestock which is widely available in tropical country. The availability of tree legumes does not depend on seasons. However, the quality of legumes is varied, requiring information on nutrient composition. This study aimed to evaluate total gas production in several legume types (tree, clump, creep) in vitro. This study was conducted from January 2018 until April 2018 at Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia. All samples were determined for proximate analysis, Van Soest fiber fractions, i.e. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Acid detergent lignin (ADL) and total gas production in vitro. There were three tropical legumes tested in this study, i.e. (1) Bauhinia purpurea (BP), (2) Cassia alata (CA), (3) Macroptilium atropurpureum (MA). Randomized Block Design (3 treatments × 3 replicates) was used to analyse data. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan Test if there was a significant difference. The data showed that Bauhinia purpurea produced the highest total gas production 27.83 mL (P < 0.05) at 24 h of incubation time. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between total gas production of three legumes at 48 h of incubation time (P > 0.05).

This study aimed to determine type and concentration of tofu waste which decreasing chlorogenic acid content of robusta green coffee effectively. Decaffeination of coffee could be done using protein-rich wastes, which could potentially act as an organic solvent containing protease. One of them known to be generated in large amount, but has not handled correctly is tofu waste. Generally, tofu wastes divided into two forms such as solid waste and liquid one. The expansion of tofu industry caused growing amount of produced waste. Method of this research consist of preparing coffee sample, preparing tofu waste and measurment of chlorogenic acid levels by spectrophotometry. The results showed that chlorogenic acid content decreased after immersion in the tofu waste. Tofu waste has a proteolytic activity originating from microorganisms in it producing protease. Immersion of robusta coffee beans in tofu waste could cause chlorogenic acid to transform into a compound having lower molecular weight making it easily get out of the coffee beans. As conclusion, robusta coffee beans immersed in liquid tofu waste in concentration of 90% could produce the most excellent quality in terms of chlorogenic acid content.

The aim of this study to measure adaptation of callus Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) after gamma irradiation on regenerative media. Lamtoro plant breeding in the form of callus with gamma ray irradiation is required for the development of a new plant-tolerant strain line with a gene mutation approach in tissue culture. The experimental design in this study was a complete randomized design (CRD). There were 13 treatments consitsing of control (M0). 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) media (M1-M4). kinetin media (M5-M8). and combination of BAP and kinetin media (M9-M12) during 8 weeks. The measured variables were viability of callus. the addition of diameter and height callus. colour and texture callus. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test if there were a significant difference among treatment. Data of viability colour and texture used descriptive analysis. The data showed that formulation media M12 (combination 1 mg L⁻¹ BAP and 1 mg L⁻¹ kinetin) was significantly different (P < 0.05) in 8 week after plant (WAP). It was concluded that the best regenerative media for adaptation of callus lamtoro was combination of BAP and kinetin media.

This research aimed was to determine the growth and yield of endive plant (Cichorium endivia L.) due to the application of zeolite in various sizes and urea fertilizers in various doses. The treatments are zeolite size <0,25 mm, 0,26-0,50 mm, 0,60-5,00 mm; and urea dose 2%, 4%, 6% of total compostl. The parameters of responses in this study are growth plant such as plant height (PH), chlorophyll content of leaf (CH), root length (RL); and yield of plant such as wet (WW) and dry weight (DW) of plant, shoot root ratio (SRR). The data analyzed by Anova, through DMRT in 5 % The results showed that the application of zeolite and urea fertilizer significantly affected the growth and yield of endive plants in parameters observed were plant height and dry weight of plant, with the best zeolite size is 0,26-0,50 mm and 2% urea dose of total compost. Smaller dose of urea (2 %) from compost combine to medium size of zeolite (0.26 – 0.5 mm), result better effect to growth and yield of endive.

The petroleum mining industry plays an important role in the fulfillment of human needs but also has a negative impact on less productive soil due to oil contamination that causes soil nutrient degradation such as nitrogen and phosphate level. This research aims to study the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphate on oil-contaminated soil by utilizing multisymbiotic soil bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and Rhizobium sp.) as an effort to improve the quality of nitrogen and phosphate availability that affect plant resistance to survive in the oil-contaminated soil. The research method was Randomized Complete Design with soil bacterial treatments (Pseudomonas sp. and Rhizobium sp.), consisting of 3 treatment i.e (1) Pseudomonas sp., (2) Rhizobium sp., and (3) combination of Pseudomonas sp. and Rhizobium sp. Each treatment at a concentration of 10⁸ cells/gram with 4 repetitions. Data was obtained including Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), P, C, N concentration in soil, plant growth and environmental parameters including temperature, pH, and soil moisture. Analysis of the data used one way variance analysis followed by LSD test. The results showed that plant survival on oil-contaminated soils is not only determined by the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphate availability but also by the availability of TPH content in the soil that indicated by optimal results when there is a multisymbiotic role of both bacteria that inserted into the soil.

One of the mechanical vectors that co-exist with humans is the Cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Cockroaches act as a vector because they are closely related to the presence of bacteria carried on their feet. Cockroaches usually live mainly in homes, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, warehouses, offices, libraries, and elsewhere. These animals are thought to transmit various diseases and act as a vector or as a hospes. This research aims to identify the bacteria in Cockroach feet from Hospital area and test sensitivity to antibiotics. This research is laboratory exploratory, using the standard methods of bacterial isolation and identification, Gram staining, Microbact system KIT and antibiotic sensitivity test using "The Bauer-Kirby standard procedure". Data obtained from the isolation, Gram staining, biochemical test, and analyzed with microbact system 2000 software. The results of bacterial identification on Cockroach legs, which were obtained from three hospitals area in Palu, Klebsiella ozaenae, Salmoella arizona, Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella simultans. The results of sensitivity test to six of these bacteria against five kinds of antibiotics found all of these bacteria resistant to Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol, and Amoxicillin, but still sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin.

This study aims to determine the distribution of brittle star (Ophiuroidea) in the waters of Rancabuaya coasts, Garut, West Java. The study was conducted in January-April 2016. The method used purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there were eight species (Gymnolophus obscura, Ophiomastix venosa, Clarkcoma canaliculata, Ophiocoma alexandri, Ophiocoma echinata, Ophiocoma valenciae, Ophiocoma erinaceus and Ophiocoma scolopendrina) into 4 genera and 2 families. Rancabuaya coastal has habitat characteristics with three types of substrate (rock, rocky and coral reef substrate) and the water conditions based on the substrate types (DO, pH, temperature, salinity) are in normal condition and suitable for the life of the Ophiurodea. The species of Ophiocoma scolopendrine has the widest distribution compared to other species because the substrate is in accordance with habitat its species. The results of this study can be used as baseline data for future coastal waters management.

This study aims to get the isolates of mold that can potentially produce cellulase enzyme. This research was conducted in December 2017 until January 2018 in Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The screening test of potential isolates producing cellulase enzymes was performed on 31 isolates of UNJCC in CDA medium with addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) substrate and testing of clear zone formation using 0.1% congo red reagent. From the result of the research, there are 18 potential mold isolates which can produce cellulase enzyme. 3 isolates which have the highest Cellulolytic index are isolate A17, K4, and 1 which have cellulolytic index value of 1.03, 0.32, 0.29. From macroscopic and microscopic identification it can be assumed that the coded isolates of K4 and A17 belong to the genus Aspergillus, while, isolates code 1 belong to the genus Penicillium. Forming the clear zone on CMC subtrate with dropped congo red reagent it because congo red reagent can bind strongly with polysaccharides containing β (1-4) D-glucopyranosyl bonds. And the ability of clear zone formation on CMC substrates shows the presence of enzyme endo-β-1,4 glucanase (CMCase) that can breaks off the β -1,4-glycosidic bond linking D-glucose monomer to CMC.

Neem has antispermatogenic effect in animals and male men. The objectives of this research to evaluate the effect of aqueous seed extract of neem on the structure of testis. Male mice of DDY strain were divided into five groups. Group I as a control group (C1-1) with the absence of treatment. Group II and III (s1-1 and s2-1) were orally treated by administered aqueous seeds extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg body weight (bw) for 36 days. Group IV and V (S1-2 and S2-2) was treated by administering aqueous seeds extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg bw for 36 days followed with another 36 days with no treatment. The results showed that neem seed extracts cause a decrease of spermatogenic cell (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that exposure to the aqueous seed extracts of neem can decrease spermatogenic cell, and its effect more than 36 days.

This study was conducted to describe students' opinion of energy conservation and environmental issues during campus activities. It was a descriptive quantitative research using survey method. The subjects were 26 students of the first, second, and third-year students of Natural Science Department of Unesa. These students are pre-service teachers for senior high school level. The result shows that 43.75% students throw trash in different bins based on the material, 25% students take trash that is not thrown properly in campus area, and only 6.25% students clean their classroom after the class is over. This showed that their awareness of environmental condition is still low. Nevertheless, some students participated in weekly eco-campus activities. However, most of them join it involuntarily. The results also showed that they conserve the energy by turning-on lamp and air conditioner when it is needed only. It means that they know that they have to conserve although only some of students who doing that activities. In conclusion, some students are already aware about their environment and how to conserve the energy. So, they need more activities to enhance their awareness of environmental issues during campus activities, both in academic activities and non-academic activities.

The aims of research were to investigate the effect of tofu dregs fermented utilization on feed efficiency and growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). This research consists of two experimental stages. Preliminary experiments were performed to determine the optimal bioactivator dosage to ferment the tofu dregs. The result showed that optimal bioactivator used to ferment tofu dregs was 60 ml kg⁻¹. The main experiment was carried out for 45 days using triplicate set up of fiveteen rectangular plastic tanks. Twenty five fingerling African catfish with a mean total body length of 10 ± 0,1 cm were stocking in the plastic tanks. The experimental fishes were fed twice daily at satiation. Five fish feed (Diet K was the control diet, Diet A contained 10 percent, Diet B contained 20 percent, Diet C contained 30 percent, and Diet D contained 40 percent tofu dregs fermented, respectively) were used in feeding the fish. Growth performances and diet nutrient utilization were analysed using the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE). Data obtained from the experiment were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Duncan's multiple Range Test was performed using to determine differences between treatment at significance rate of P < 0.05. In conclusion, the results showed that the utilization of tofu dregs fermented had significant effect on feed efficiency and growth of African catfish. Further, the present experiment showed that tofu dregs fermented could be utilized in diets up to 40 percent.

Morphological characters are markers that can be used to measure the magnitude of diversity in plants based on the phenotype character. The purpose of this research is to know the genetic diversity of C. burmanii germ plasm in Jambi Province at a different altitude of place based on morphological character. Exploration activities were conducted in several cinnamon production centers in Jambi Province, Indonesia (Kerinci Regency, Sungai Penuh, Merangin, Bungo, and Sarolangun) by using purposive sampling method. Samples were then collected, labeled and characterized by Descriptors for Cinnamomum sp. Similarity analysis was performed using the morphological data scores from descriptions to binary data. The magnitude of the similarity between individuals was analyzed using clusters analysis. The dendrogram results of 17 accessions of cinnamon plant based on morphological character showed that accession of cinnamon plant tested varied morphologically with similarity coefficient ranged from 79.11 to 100. At the similarity level of morphology 58.23, accessions were divided into two main groups which are separate based on qualitative and quantitative character differences.

Although lymphatic filariasis treatment programs have been implemented in Indonesia over the past decade, chronic impact of this disease in the form of elephantiasis remains a problem. This study aims to find a solution to reduce the volume of elephantiasis through innovation Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and acupressure biopsychology. Quasi-experimental methods were used in this study with pre- and post-control designs. Subjects in this study were 20 chronic filariasis patients with lymphedema stage III. The control group was given standard treatment for lymphedema. The treatment group was given basic treatment standard plus LLLT on accupoin and bio psychological approach. The study was conducted in Bandung, Cimahi, and Karawang regencies, West Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the mean decrease of lymphedema volume in the group of 823,89 ± 588.14 ml was significantly different with the control group (p = 0,001). Methods of administration of LLLT and acupressure biopsychology may be considered to be developed as a a complement therapy of chronic filariasis management.

A contradiction in a predominantly Muslim country, adolescents in Indonesia are still problematic in Quran literature. The unique thing happened at SMA 1 Soreang, West Java, where the school got achievement of Quran literacy activities both among students and teachers. This study aims to find answers how the habitual process occurs and why it can last until now entering the third year without boredom among teachers and students. Research data were obtained by observation, in depth interview, and literature reading. The results of this study informed that the habit of reading Al Quran among students stems from the increased interest in reading that is supported by the principal through the task of reading short stories. After reading interest arises, students are accustomed to reading without any burden or coercion. Within a period of twenty-one months, there were formed groups of students and groups of teachers who had a Quran literacy habit. Normally the joy will decrease when the habit is formed and began to appear boredom. Factors of belief and strong hope to gain happiness, reward from God that led to the habit of leading into a culture of literation without boredom.

Social media becomes an inseparable phenomenon in everyday life. Similarly, how learners learn not only from conventional books or online learning. Social media has now become a medium for learning anywhere anytime and joyful. Based on these opportunities, researchers plan to develop a media-based social media applications, especially telegram BOT API with plant hormones material. Media application development method using black box method, consist of (1) feasibility study, (2) requirements, (3) System design, (4) Encoding, (5) Testing system, (6) Acceptance Test. The method in this study is limited to sample testing on media experts. The result of this study are validators rate more than 85% media validation consist of quality of visual and auditory perception, ease of interaction, ease of learning to interaction and ease of use, meanwhile user response consisting of efficiency 79%, usability 85%, cognitive absorption 79%, and enjoyment 86%. This implies that the application can provide benefits for learners who will learn plant hormones base on social media.

In memorizing the Quran, it is necessary precision of pronunciation of verses in Arabic because the different pronunciations may alter the meaning of the verse. This study aims to analyse influence of lip-sync method to form the character of pronunciation of verses on the process of memorizing the Quran from the bio-psychology side. This study was an experimental study on 46 adolescents for control group and 44 for experimental group. The video contains the recording of the teachers recitation reading the first 10 verses of Surah AL-Kahfi distributed to the experimental group. All participants are given 4 days to memorize. The experimental group is required to record the ability of their lip-sync verse according to the video recording that is distributed by displaying the expression as the meaning of the verse is memorized. The results showed that groups using the lip-sync method had a higher level of ability on all items of observation through the ability to memorize, pronunciation, and pause between sentences (p <0.5). Accuracy, fluency, and appreciation will determine how successful synchronization of the lips. Lip-sync also make subjects happier. Lip-sync method can be used as an attractive memorizing tool so that participants can not only be easier to memorize but also correct in pronunciation.

Minimum availability of important feed resource for ruminant livestock was worldwide problem. Biotechnology like plant breeding is one of the problem solving to attain supplying forage. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of gamma rays irradiation on growth responses of alfalfa seeds for increasing genetic variety of alfalfa. Sample of alfalfa seeds, categorized by different doses level (0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy), were irradiated by gamma rays. After irradiating, the seeds (n = 350 replicates) were planted and grown on the polybags filled the soil mixed compost up. In 30, 45 and 60 days, plant height, total stem and total leaf, were measured manually. Related to the amount of total values growth responses, after irradiated and grew, total plant height, total stem and total leaf was highest with dose 400 Gy, 200 Gy and 100 Gy (R² = 0.99511, 0.99107, 0.99326). All of lowest responses were 500 Gy. It is concluded that, growth responses investigated, there are association between increasing rate of irradiation with alterations on growth responses. Increasing doses have impact on the decline in the responses of growth.

Faeces samples were collected from 35 orangutans in Lamandau Wildlife Reserve. The orangutan consists of wild and soft release orangutan in four camp (Gemini, JL, Rasak, Buluh). Samples were collected in November until December 2017. Faeces were examined to measure the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in wild and soft-release orangutan. The examination performed by flotation and sedimentation (formalin-ethyl acetate concentration). The results showed the percentage of orangutan infected with gastrointestinal parasite was 91,4%. High prevalences were found for Strongyloides sp. (68,6%), Hookworm (71,4%), Enterobius sp. (20%) and Trichuris sp. (17,1%). Most orangutan infected with mixed infection parasite (62,8%) dominated by a combination between Strongyloides sp. and hookworm and only 28,6% infected with single infection.

Watching pornographic impressions over the internet affects sexual behavior among teenagers. This study aims to analyze the effect of cybersex behavior on the intensity of masturbation in adolescents and the role of religiosity in limiting the influence of cybersex on masturbation habits. The method used in this study is a correlational quantitative method by taking 45 subject of cybersex users' teenagers study obtained by snowballs technique. The data were processed using multiple linear regression. The results showed cybersex behavior affects masturbation habits in adolescents. At the same time, the results of this study indicate religiosity inhibiting masturbation behavior in cybersex users. This study provides a solution to control masturbation habits due to the large exposure of incoming pornographic impressions, since teenagers full of curiosity.

Rapid development of media makes teenagers easily access their idol through social media. The association of Indonesian youth in the social media community will impact their daily lifestyles that are often incompatible with Indonesian culture. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of emotional intelligence to celebrity worship, on Korean idol bands that active in social media. Subject of this study is 597 adolescents who idolize Korean bands., taken using snowball sampling technique. The research method implied was quantitative method using Daniel Golemen Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (30 items) and Maltby Celebrity Attitude Scale (34 items). The results of this research indicate that emotional intelligence decrease excessive behavior of celebrity worship in teenagers. Adolescent emotional intelligence should be trained so that Indonesian teenagers can filter incoming culture through social media.

Black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic bird of Java and Bali that is currently critically endangered based on International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. Hybridization in captivity occurs between the Acridotheres melanopterus with other species of myna. It is difficult to distinguish hybrid and pure black-winged myna without thorough observation. The study was conducted to determine the differences between hybrid and pure black-winged myna based on the morphometric characteristics using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The samples were selected using purposive sampling method at Cikananga Conservation Breeding Center located in Sukabumi, West Java in May 2017. The morphometric data were taken directly from 44 black-winged mynas with > = 2 years old. Data collection was done by measuring body length, body width, body circumference, span of wings and weight. The morphometric data were analyzed by PCA using the SPSS V.20 program. The results showed that body circumference and wing span were the morphometric factors which the most distinguish between them with eigenvalue of 0.943 and 0.811 respectively. In addition, the existence of morphological anomalies is also a sign that the black-winged mynas are hybrids.

The studies related to black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) are still very lack at the moment. The bird is an endemic species of Java and Bali which is currently critically endangered according to the International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. Hybridization of this species in captivity often occurs with other myna species. The morphological features between hybrid black-winged myna and pure juvenile white starlings are very similar. It is difficult to distinguish hybrid black-winged starling and pure juveniles without thorough observation. The study was conducted to determine the differences between hybrid black-winged myna and pure juvenile based on the morphometric characteristics using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method at Cikananga Conservation Breeding Center located in Sukabumi, West Java in May 2017. The morphometric data were taken directly from eight hybrid birds and 14 pure juveniles. Data collection was done by measuring body length, body width, body circumference, wingspan and weight. The morphometric data were analyzed by PCA using the SPSS V.20 program. The analysis shows that length and width are the main distinguishing factors between hybrid birds and pure juveniles with values of 0.916 and 0.862 respectively.

Information about the estrus cycle in anoa is particularly important to determine the optimal mating time. The purpose of the study is to determine the duration of the estrus cycle reversion in anoa while they are in their postpartum period. Estrus cycles are determined by observing estrus behavior/signs. Observations were conducted on 1 female postpartum anoa without any lactating activity and 1 female postpartum anoa with lactating activity at Anoa Breeding Center, Manado. The result shows that the postpartum anestrus length periode of the lactating anoa is longer than the one without it. The first anoa was giving a birth on June 2016, estrus reappears 3 months 9 days after. The second anoa was giving a birth on February 2017, estrus reappears 6 months later after the calf weaned. With all these information, the captive center would be able to make a better mating and reproduction plan for the anoa. It is going to rise the percentage of anoa's mating success rate.

The pharmacokinetic data were needed to determine the dose and frequent of drug. Carica papaya leaves have potency to develop a new herbal medicine. The research aimed to explore the excretion rate of oral administration of Carica papaya leaf extract. The time series experimental was conducted to six male and health rats. Single dose (900 mg) of Carica papaya leaf extract was given orally. Urines were collected in range 0 to 6 hr, 6 to 12 hr, 12 to 24 hr and 24 to 48 hr after oral administration. Flavonoids urine were measured by HPLC. Flavonoids detected in range 0 to 6 hr were 0.0721mg/mL. The level of flavonoid increased in 6 to 12 hr (0.0722 mg/mL), 12 to 24 hr (0.1306 mg/mL) and 24 to 48 hr (0.1800 mg/mL). The excretion rate in range 0 to 6 hr was 0.02662 mg/hr, 6 to 12 hr was 0.02888 mg/hr, 12 to 24 hr was 0.03428 mg/hr and 24 to 48 hr was 0.03574 mg/hr. Total flavonoid have been excreted in 48 hour was 4.73 %. Carica papaya leaf extract was excreted in 6 hr after oral administration and need more than 48 hr to clear all flavonoid from plasma.

In STH infection, the most important innate immune response on resistance to worm infections are eosinophils and basophils. The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation of eosinophils and basophils with intensity of STH infection among farmers in Bali. In this cross-sectional analytic study, 162 fecal samples from farmers aged 25-80 years were examined by Kato-Kats thick smear method and determined infection intensity based on number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Twenty blood samples from STH infected farmer and 20 blood samples from uninfected farmers were examined by flowcytometry method to obtain eosinophils and basophils. The results showed that prevalence of A. lumbricoides single infection was 1.85%, 9,3% of T. trichiura, 0,61% of Hookworm, mixed infection between A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were 1.2%, mixed infection of A. lumbricoides and Hookworm were 0.61%. There was significant difference of eosinophils and basophils between STH-infected group and uninfected group (p> 0.05). Significant correlation was found between eosinophil count and EPG (r_s = 0,572, p = 0,00), also between basophil count and EPG (r_s = 0.50, p = 0.001). Eosinophils and basophils are significantly correlated with intensity of STH infection among farmer in Bali.

Sleep is one of the essential needs, which if not fulfilled will have an impact on changes in the biological or psychological condition of a person. Good sleep is often defined as a quality sleep. Along with aging, a person tends to be more difficult to achieve a good quality of sleep for themselves. Treatment of sleep disorder in elderly consist of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy, one of the forms of non-pharmacological therapy is a music therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on sleep quality in elderly at a social residential in Bali. The study design that used was a pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The number of sample was 31 persons that got a 2 weeks therapy. Sleep quality was measured using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at the end of each week to determine changes in sleep quality in elderly. Based on analytical test result using a paired t-test, it was found that the mean of sleep quality before therapy, after the first week and after the second week was (11.97), (10.90), and (8.58) respectively, with p-value 0.000. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant improvement in sleep quality after music therapy in elderly. Recommendation for the elderly with poor sleep quality, in order to familiarize them self to listen to sedative music to help improve their sleep quality.

Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a universal health problem in the world including Indonesia. It is predicted there are more than 2 billion peoples exposed to the virus with 1.5 million new cases diagnosed yearly worldwide. According to a recent data in Indonesia, it is estimated that twenty eight million people have been infected to Hepatitis B and C, in which 14 million of those are potential or capable to develop a hepatocellular carcinoma after 30 years. Peoples at a higher risk of contracting HBV infection are the health workers as well as the medical student accidentally, through minor skin cuts or needle punctures. Vaccination to HBV is the best strategy to prevent the HBV infection. This research aimed to determine the level of anti-HBs in the medical student, before and after the Hepatitis B vaccination. This research was conducted comparatively on 48 medical students prior to their duty in the teaching hospital. It was discovered in the research that there is a significant difference in terms of anti-HBs level prior and after the vaccination on both male and female subjects with value p < 0,05. In conclusion, there was a protective effect of HBV vaccine among medical student at The University of Warmadewa.

Travellers in tropical countries are to get various infections including malaria. Severe or complicated malaria mostly caused by plasmodium falciparum. We reported uncomplicated malaria case in travellers caused by P. Falciparum who remain sensitive to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine according to PCR result. The malarial diagnosis was confirmed with a microscopic test, RDT and PCR. The patient was treated with fixed-dose artemisinin-combination therapy and primaquine. Early treatment failure was not found based on clinical finding or microscopic test. The patient was discharged on the day 5th of treatment.

Upper or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the patients with gastrointestinal disorder. The indications of this procedure are dyspepsia syndrome with alarm sign, gastrointestinal bleeding, dysphagia, inflammatory bowel syndrome, any sign of gastrointestinal malignancy, and radio-graphic abnormalities as well as removing gastrointestinal corpus aliens or foreign bodies, collecting biopsy specimens or other clinical conditions. A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical record of endoscopic ward at BRSUD Tabanan during March 2015 through March 2018. The demography data, clinical diagnosis, the upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic result and any of pathological anatomic finding were reviewed. The most presenting symptoms as the reason to performed endoscopy are dyspepsia and hematemesis melena, as high as 15% for each reason. Majority endoscopic finding are stomach erythema, followed with peptic ulcer disease (comprises of stomach and duodenal ulcers), and erosive of the stomach, counting for 79 (16.2%), 67 (13.73%), 66 (13.5%), respectively. Normal endoscopy result was found in 91 (18.65%). Histological finding reveals 11 of 11 specimens were malignancies specimens. In conclusion, upper and lower endoscopy was the tool of choice in diagnoses patient with GI symptoms.

Myocardial infarction has become the leading cause of more than 80% of death from cardiovascular disease worldwide. Since inflammation plays a significant role in myocardial ischemia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictor of acute coronary syndrome. The study objective was to evaluate the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and GRACE mortality risk score among acute myocardial infarction patients at BRSUD Tabanan in 2017. A retrospective study based on the medical record of ACS patient during 2017 was conducted at BRSU Tabanan on March 2018. Of 103 ACS patients enrolled to the study, 84% was male whose the mean age was 58.95 ± 12.25 years. The mean ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte was 3.96 ± 2.95. Majority of the samples, 57 (55.3%) has low GRACE risk score. There is a positive correlation between the NLR ratio and GRACE score (r = 0,388; p < 0,05). In conclusion NLR may be a useful surrogate marker in predictingan increase of GRACE risk mortality score of acute myocardial infarction patients.

In regards to the process of "Pemindangan", there will be so many waste products, both solid and liquid which contain hazardous organic compounds which are potentially capable of inflicting negative effects to the environment. Kusamba is a village which is considered the central of "Pemindangan" in Bali. This study observed and evaluated waste treatments done by fisherman in Kusamba Village. This study found waste management from the production of "Pindang" in Kusamba has been conducted through the specialized drain systems which physically filter the solid waste using the iron wires attached to them. The process was then continued by preceding the filtered water to the containers having been added with chlorine to perform chemical filtration. The last procedure is to apply biological aeration on the filtrated water. Chemical analysis showed the wastewater was already able to meet the criteria for environmentally friendly materials based on the standard water quality.

Dengue infection is one of the infectious diseases which become a health problem in the world. Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of dengue. The quantity of platelet related to dengue were often discussed but the quality of platelet related to dengue infection were rarely discussed. The activation of platelets can be observe indirectly through changes in MPV. Aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence ratio of MPV enhancement in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) compared to dengue fever (DF). This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design to analyze the prevalence ratio of enhancement MPV in DHF compared to DF. The subjects were dengue suspected patients that hospitalized in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Venous blood were collected into 2 mL EDTA tube for automatical hematology analysis. Chi-square was used to analyze different proportions of MPV enhancement between DHF and DF groups. One hundred subjects were participated in this study and classified into DF and DHF based on WHO 2011 criteria. Prevalence ratio of MPV enhancement ≥ 9.7 fL was 4.8 (95% CI 2.8-37.0), p < 0.0001. The result indicates that MPV enhancement was a risk factor of worsening dengue infection.

HIV infection often comes with hematological and immunological profile abnormalities. These abnormalities may occurred because of HIV infection itself or other factors. Therefore we conducted this study to assess the hematological and immunological profile among ART-naïve HIV-infected patients in Bali. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using data extracted from medical records of HIV-infected patients at Wangaya Hospital Denpasar-Bali and Sanjiwani Hospital Gianyar-Bali. A total of 169 medical records of HIV infected patients between 2009-2017 were included in this study. Hematological parameters (total WBC, RBC, Hgb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Plt) and immunological parameter (CD4+ cell count) were documented. Most of the subjects in this study were male (65.1%) and predominantly (71%) in highly reproductive age group (18-40 years). Anemia (Hb < 13.0 g/dL for men or Hb < 12.0 g/dL for women) was the most common (60.4%) haematological abnormalities seen in this study and 67.4% in severe immunodeficiency condition (CD4 cell count < 200 cells/mm3). Statistical analyses performed and the result shows there was an association between anemia and immunodeficiency status (p < 0.05, Pearson Chi-square).

Escherichia coli are normal flora in human. Food and beverage contained Escherichia coli is a feces contamination indicator. One of pathogen Escherichia coli strain is serotype O157. Escherichia coli O157 causes bloody diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Reservoir can be derived from animal, human and water. In this study we used 80 sample of soy milk sold in traditional market at Denpasar City. The aim of this study is to identify Escherichia coli O157 and isolate Escherichia coli O157 containing gen shiga like toxin-2. Mac Conkey was used to differentiate between Escherichia coli and coliform that appeared in pink colour colonies. The colonies were obtained for Gram staining which was then examined by biochemical test (imvic). Positive Escherichia coli identified by imvic test, bred on SMAC and observed colonies. Colourless colonies identified as presumptive Escherichia coli O157 and to support identification was done single path test and latex agglutination test. The result showed that were 32 out of 80 soymilk sample contained Escherichia coli. Presumptive Escherichia coli O157 were found of 4 out of 32 isolate Escherichia coli (12,5%). All presumptive sample of Escherichia coli O157 were examined by the PCR procedures which were not contained of gen shiga like toxin-2. Contamination Escherichia coli O157 in soymilk showed poor hygienic processed soymilk include use to water contamination.

^99mTc(V)-DMSA has been approved to be a successful tumour –imaging agent in the many types of cancer such as medullary thyroid and bone metastases. ^99mTc (V)-DMSA was successfully formed from labelling meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with ^99mTc which was done under basic conditions. In this experiment superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) labelling with ^99mTc (V)-DMSA is being tested. These nanoparticles have been the most developed for biomedical applications due to their high stability and high biocompatibility. The results of this experiment show that combination between PEGylated SPIOs and ^99mTc (V)-DMSA has a potential impact on increasing the quality of imaging cancers.

Nutrition issues are the most important and of special concern since the fetus to the elderly. One such problem is malnutrition in children. Poor nutrition status can affect the growth and development of children. This research aims at determining the nutritional status in children aged 6-12 years. The design of this research is descriptive with cross-sectional method. The sample is all children in elementary school in Tulikup Village comprising 81 children. Nutrition status in children is measured based on body mass index. The collected data is then analyzed descriptively. It is found that most of the girls had underweight. In terms of age, most children aged 7 and 9 years suffering from underweight.

Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorders, with the prevalence of 60% -70% in industrial countries. Working position, repetitive work, load, vibration are major risk factors of low back pain. Worker as an aircraft maintenance engineer is thought to be one of the risk factors for low back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between working position with the occurence of low back pain in aircraft maintenance engineers. This study used cross-sectional analytic design. The variables studied in this study were working position as independent variable and lower back pain as dependent variable. The samples of this reseach were aircraft maintenance engineers of PT. GMF AeroAsia at Ngurah Rai International Airport, comprising 48 employees selected by simple random sampling from 100 employees in the population. The data collected were primary data obtained by observation and questionnaires of Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). Data analysis was performed by using cross-tab with chi square test (α = 0,05). The results showed that most respondents aged 45-54 years (37.5%), working with high risk work position (56.3%), complaining minimal disability of low back pain 30 (62.5%). The analysis results indicated a moderate andsignificant positive correlation (p = 0,029; r = 0,337).

Academic achievement is one indicator success in student learning. Good academic achievement is supported by the ability of self-regulated learning included the medical students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning and academic achievement undergraduated medical students of Universitas Warmadewa. This study is a cross-sectional non-experimental descriptive analytic research. All undergraduate medical student (n = 219) invite to participate. This study used Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) to measured self-regulated learning and grade point average (GPA) to measured academic achievement of undergraduate medical students. The result of MSLQ is correlated with GPA of medical students. Pearson correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between MSLQ and GPA. One hundred and ninety students complete the questionnaire (86.76% response rate). There was weak positive association between self-regulated learning and academic achievement (r = 0.256, p > 0.05). This study shows that a students who has good self-regulated learning has good academic achievement.

Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer in developed countries and found high in the developing country. This study aims to compare penile cancer cases in Bali and other regions in Indonesia. A 10 years review cases from cancer registry of Pathologic Anatomy Indonesia were done from 2004 to 2013. Penile cancer cases were found highest in Bali compared to other regions in Indonesia. This cancer showed an increase in number from the year of 2004 and reached its peak in 2013. Penile cancer is the most common cancer found in Balinese male population from the latest cancer registry in 2013. Risk factors associated with penile cancer are phimosis, lichen sclerosis, HPV infection, and history of wart or condyloma, lack of circumcision, multiple sex partners, and early sexual activity. Lack of circumcision is an important risk factor found in Bali. Penile cancer shows an improvement during the last 10 years and provides a new insight on the cancer issues in Bali. A preventive efforts such as improving hygiene factors on male reproductive organs, do circumcision, save sex practice and new recommendations for a routine male HPV vaccination may further reduce penile cancer cases.

Elite athletes have been exercise regularly for several years with heavy training loads. The former elite athletes commonly decreased or stop their exercise that might decrease their anaerobic capacity. Eighteen male former elite athletes and nineteen non elite athletes participated on this research. The running based anaerobic test (RAST) was done to investigate anaerobic capacity included Maximal Power, Minimal Power, Velocity and Fatigue index. The blood lactate levels were measured two minute after RAST. The rate of maximal power of former elite athlete 387.3 watts, minimal power 242.2 watts, fatigue index 3.67 and blood lactate level 7.20. The rate of maximal power of non elite athlete was 445.8 watts, minimal power 282.4 watts, fatigue index 4.57 and blood lactate level 7.01. There were no differences of maximal power (p = 0.251), minimal power (p = 0.166), fatique index (p = 0.203) and blood lactate level (p = 0,878). The velocity and body mass index were difference between former elite athlete and non elite athlete (p = 0.000). There was no different of the anaerobic capacity and blood lactate level between former elite athlete and non elite athletes. The age, mass body index and less exercise may influence the decreasing of anaerobic capacity of former elite athlete.

Application is a measuringtool of physical test to facilitate the trainer. This study aimed to produce a valid, physical, practical, and effective soccer test application product. The method used in this research was research and development in order of 1) analyzing the needs, 2) designing the initial draft product, 3) validating by media experts and physical trainers of soccer branch, 4) improving the draft design, 5) conducting trials on small groups of athletes of futsal national student sport week, 6) revising the product of physical test application, 7) conducting large group trials, athletes of Local Student Training Center (Sekayufootball), 8) revising on large group test results, and 9) analyzing the final product. The study result on the small group trial showed that 62.4% of the data covered aspects of soccer practice and physical test soccer application. The study result on the trials in large groups was 64.4% of the data. The findings of the study showed that the physical test applications were easy to use by a coach. The implication is that the product of physical test application can be used to find out the result of soccer training program for the Local Student Training Center and School of Football in South Sumatra.

Without employing additional media, it is assumed that students of physical education department might become less creative in developing body movements for gymnastics. Therefore, this study aimed at developing instructional media of rhythmic gymnastics for students who will become physical education teachers of primary schools. The instructional media development utilized some aids and musical instruments. The study employed experimental method with quasi-experimental design. The subjects of this study were students of primary school teacher education of physical education department. The study involved two classes including Class A as an experimental group consisted of 30 students and Class B as a control group consisted of 30 students. The data collection techniques were observation and a series of rhythmic gymnastics at both pre-test and post-test. The results indicated that the learning ability of the two groups were different after conducting the learning process of rhythmic gymnastics. The experimental group that utilized developed instructional media of rhythmic gymnastics showed a significant improvement compared to the control group that utilized conventional rhythmic gymnastics media. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of instructional media for rhythmic gymnastics was able to improve the quality of rhythmic gymnastics learning.

The study aims to review the correlation of green advertising, green brand image and customer green awareness on environmentally friendly products. Experiment is conducted to 102 customers of supermarket in Bandung City who have experience on friendly products. The study result is found that green awareness can be improved by implementation of green advertising, it is different case with green brand image that has less attention from customer. It is known that green brand image is not always become the major case in controlling customer behaviour on environmental friendly products.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a Design E-Tri-Angle to measure whether lecturers experience stress, burnout, and low self-esteem on their college performance and practical solutions to reduce the condition. The method used to develop the E-Tri-Angle design is the method of program development in the form of software (mobile phone/android) or website system. The E-Tri-Angle design can be used quickly, anytime, anywhere to personally identify his or her condition and practical solutions to reduce or overcome them. It is done to assist the lecturers in order to perform their performance in the quality management of universities in accordance with the expected objectives. The design development is done to follow up the previous research which shows that many lecturers are less able to control themselves or their inability to balance their thoughts, feelings, and willingness to respond to a situation. The result of E-Tri-Angle design development can assist in developing the capacity of lecturers in universities. The development of lecturer capacity is intended to be a continuous learning activity in improving the ability to maintain or control themselves so that lecturer performance becomes better in all academic and non-academic aspects.

This study aims to analyze the relationship of variables of public service motivation, job satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Inferential statistics using simultaneous equation model is used to test the hypothesis. Samples as many as 51 people were taken randomly from a population of 71 people. The results show that in public service motivation and job satisfaction (both simultaneously and partially) have a positive and significant impact on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.

This paper aimed to implement a digital learning media application to study local culture of an area in Indonesia called Cireundeu. The application, named "learning special food for Cirendeu" introduces special food called Rasi, a cassava-based staple food. The application has been designed using several language programming such as html, css, and javascript. It is then converted using node.js and electron.js frameworks so that the application can be run on desktop. After a trial on both Windows 10 and Windows 7 operating systems, it has been proven that the application runs well. The results of the study also shows that the application is both practical and user-friendly since it appears to be portable and displays interesting menus and submenus. Thus, it can be concluded that digital platform and local wisdom are such a great combination in learning.

The purpose of this study aims at analysing eco-friendly preference and eco-friendly product quality and their implications on the customer satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. The research method used was quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis. Three variables measured were eco-friendly preference and eco-friendly product quality as independent variable (X) and customer satisfaction as dependent variable (Y). The object of this research was modern market customer as the unit of analysis. Technique of data collection used saturated random sampling with 100 respondents of modern market customers in Bandung. The statistical analysis used Classical Assumption Test and hypothesis testing test of Z, T and F with significant level (α) 5% and calculated by Eviews program. The result indicated implications Eco-friendly preference and eco-friendly product quality significant positive effect on Customer Satisfaction. This result obtained because the statistical test showed that the eco-friendly preference and eco-friendly product quality increases then implications customer satisfaction will increase. Both variables that were Eco-Friendly Preference and Eco-Friendly Product Quality have effects on their implications Customer satisfaction either partially or simultaneously.

This research aims at investigating how Executive Information System (EIS) can be used as a device to support paperless system toward digitalized universities management and to what extent EIS success as a management tool. The case study was conducted on EIS in a private university in Bandung. This research used quantitative method by adopting DeLone and McLeans Information System (IS) Success Model (2003). The variables used are the System Quality (SQ), Information Quality (IQ), Use (U), User Satisfaction (US), Service Quality (SEQ) and Net Benefit (NB). Questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents. Interview and data retrieval from the related division was conducted to support data analysis. The result of study indicated that the success of EIS was significantly influenced by all variables. The positive correlation between all variables and significance influence discovered that EIS was recommended in the universities management. The highest positive correlation and influence was showed by the variable of IQ that influenced US by 66.5%. It means that the company with the development of accurate, consistent and well-integrated EIS gained high levels of trust and satisfaction among users. The research provide information and recommendation to build EIS as one of paperless system toward digitalized university.

This study was conducted on Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) Samiler crackers in Indonesia and aims creating designs of hygienic steamer and a scraper as well as testing the tools in order to ensure their performance, determine standard time, standard output, and piece work rate as the basis for designing incentive-giving policies. By using tools designed with appropriate technology such as stainless steel based material and using gas as production fuel, production capacity as well as the hygiene in production process can be optimized. The increase in productivity occurred at a decrease in processing time for scraping machines by 75%, increased production capacity by 300%, decreased fuel consumption costs by up to 43%, decreased processing time for steam engines up to 60%. The calculation results also indicate if the operator produces more than five products, it will get wages plus incentives of 1,049 IDR per additional product produced. Communication in designing the tools to meet the needs and function in the use becomes the key to secure the success in increasing productivity of SMEs. More broadly, the synergy between the government, universities and other stakeholders is believed to strengthen the position of SMEs at the national and even international level.

Online taxi is a transportation mode that mostly grows in urban area. It integrates online technology from cellular phone application to offline activities in its service. This transportation mode is an example of ride sharing concept. This transportation emergence has generated positive and negative impact, where many studies had discussed that. Any kind of transportation mode has an impact to the environment. However the online taxi impact on the environment has rarely been heard. This article aimed to identify the recent studies on the relation of online taxi with green concept. Using Systematic Literature Review and thematic analysis method, the result of research showed that many studies mentioned online taxi is closely related to the green concept. In addition to that, there are still limited number of studies conducted on the policy connecting online taxi to green sustainable energy. Discussion and implication of research was discussed further in the article.

Banking will become a representative service sector business when having good organizational management so as to realize a service excellence. This paper aims to find out and analyze the influence of organizational management and employee performance towards the effectiveness improvement in banking services. The method used in this paper is inferential analyzing using paradigm causal-effectual approach. To collect the data, this paper uses questionnaire and documentation study whose respondents are 62 employees of a bank in Indonesia. The data analysis is conducted through a statistical analysis. The results of the study show that organizational management and employee performance has significant positive influence towards the effectiveness improvement of banking services. The conclusion Organizational management and employee performance are proven to be significantly influential towards the effectiveness of banking services. One of the important findings in this study is that every service in the banking should follow the rules.

Sorghum is one of the plants that can be processed into functional beverages containing elements of nutrients or non-nutrients that provide positive effects on health of the body. A descriptive qualitative research, this study aims to obtain product formulation and to initiate the process of market segmentation analysis. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was optimization using a Two-Factor Randomized Block Design, with three replications. The first design was performed by applying Flavour Addition (R): R1 used Ginger Flavour and R2 used Pandan Flavour. The second design was performed by applying Sweetener Addition (P): P1 used Cane Sugar and P2 used Brown Sugar. The aspects observed included physical, organoleptic, and chemical aspects. When analyzing the data, organoleptic test was performed by using Friedman test while chemical test was performed by using variance analysis, followed by using 5% Duncan test. The second stage was introducing sorghum-based functional beverages as new products to the public to initiate the process of market segmentation analysis, and the results showed that product formulation had been successfully obtained and sorghum-based functional beverages as new products were accepted by 78.6% of consumers, including the quality in terms of physical, organoleptic, and chemical aspects.

Currently Aceh has 458,616 hectares of oil palm plantation with production of 1,077,099 tons, processed in 40 Palm Oil Mill and produces about 607 thousand Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME is known to produce biogas which consists of methane which is Green House Gas (GHG) that can be recognized to cause global warming. The entire processing plant uses only a lagoon system in wastewater treatment, usually the first anaerobic stage followed by a facultative treatment. Both of these major palm oil wastes are renewable energy sources that can be utilized to generate electrical energy. In this study, a feasibility analysis of POME utilization has been conducted to generate electricity. Data on plant capacity, amount of wastewater produced, type of waste treatment owned by palm factory, waste treatment performance, and technical specifications of waste treatment. Collected from all Palm Oil Factory. Net present value, return rate and internal capital return are calculated. Based on the calculated value it has been found that the application of a biogas plant for power generation is economically feasible in the perspective of Aceh Province and the survival or economic attractiveness increases with increasing crop.

The advantages of latent heat storage systems are heat storage materials capable of providing large energy storage densities and are capable of storing heat at almost constant temperature according to the transition temperature at each phase change. The thermophysical properties of phase change material (PCM) materials are important to know before they are applied in a variety of uses. The thermophysical properties of PCM materials are very important to note i.e. melting point, super cooling temperature, latent heat, heat type and thermal conductivity of the PCM material. Methods of determining the thermophysical properties of PCM materials that have been widely used are differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and calorimetry. These three methods have weaknesses. DTA and DSC methods that have very small test samples (110 mg) cause the materials thermophysical properties to be different when used in larger quantities. Another disadvantage is that DTA and DSC measurement equipment is complex and expensive, and cannot measure latent heat, specific heat and thermal conductivity of multiple PCM samples simultaneously. The weakness of the calorimetry method is the process of changing the two phases of PCM that is difficult to observe. T-history method that uses simple equipment has been widely used at this time. In this research, we will use T-History method to measure the thermophysical properties of phase change materials that will be used as heat storage material in solar water heating system. The material is: paraffin, beeswax, cow fat, and mixture of the material with a certain ratio. From the test, results can be concluded that the use of T-History method gives good results with a difference of 7% with the measurement results using DSC.

Savonius wind turbine is the wind energy conversion systems which has good potential for small-scale electrical energy source. However, standard design savonius rotor has a relatively low efficiency and rotation speed. The aim of this research is to study modification of wind turbine design of savonius type S by adding variation of fin in its turbine blades. It utilized computational fluid dynamic (CFD) using a commercial Finite Element (FEA) software. Savonius rotor employed in this research has a 1.1 m rotor diameter in 1.4 m height. The 3D model of savonius rotor was developed by a CAD Software, SolidWorks®. The wind speed utilized for simulation purpose were 3 to 5 m/s with k-epsilon turbulent model. Simulation was performed using ANSYS to generate mesh of the flow domain all of blade variant. Dynamic mesh model was used in this simulation, which then exported to FLUENT in evaluating the fluid flow for determining the aerodynamic coefficient such as drag, torque and power coefficient. This model simulated a fluid flow striking the blade and wind condition around the rotate blade. Results from this study is expected to provide an alternative evaluation of Savonius wind turbine performance in various conditions with different design parameters.

This study aims to determine the reduction in power consumption of refrigerators by using parallel expansion. A refrigerator with a capacity of 120 litters has been used as a test instrument and R134a acts as a working fluid. Recording of refrigerator energy consumption is based on changes in cooling load temperature from range 3C to -3 C. The parameters observed during the test include suction pressure, discharge pressure, electric current, and weight of refrigerant circulated. The results indicate that installation of parallel expansion device on the refrigerator generates a decreased 1.5% - 4% of the electrical power consumption (ECP) so that it implicates for the save on power consumption required a refrigerator.

The flow visualization of Sukhoi Su-30MKI like-model using GAMA water tunnel has been conducted to investigate the vortex dynamics on canard and main wing. This work aimed to observe the aerodynamic force and the vortex-dynamic phenomenon. The water tunnel is an effective visualization method to determine the vortex-dynamic phenomenon which was used in this research. The usage of water tunnel would make it easier to reveal the phenomenon that occurred. The results of GAMA water tunnel experiment showed the aerodynamic force and vortex dynamics phenomenon on the model of Su-30MKI aircraft. The increasing of lift force was started from a small angle of attack (AoA) to a maximum value at an angle of 45 degrees. The maximum lift value on the test using GAMA water tunnel was about 1.38. The vortex dynamics have been particularized using observation of vortex core formation and vortex breakdown location. The higher of AoA caused unstable vortex core flow so that the vortex breakdown location would lead to leading edge.

Control of the use of conventional machining materials in engineering majors has not been well controlled. Waste of costs by budgeting new work pieces for each new type of work is valued as a swelling of operational financing practices. Through the efficiency of material consumption that is sustainable in conventional machining practices can streamline the process, save time and cost of production, and maximize the use of old or used work pieces to develop 11 competencies achieved. By comparing five jobs in machining practice in VHS with a job called job modification capable of providing 30% efficiency of operational costs, a time required, and more minimalist material consumption while still attending to the achievement of competencies. The research analysis uses design assistance and iProperties in Autodesk Inventor 2012 software.

Wind energy is one of the clean renewable energy that can be used as an alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption. The aim of this research was to design and test the performance of counter-rotating wind turbine (CRWT) model corresponded with wind velocity and planned power output. The CRWT has two rotors with a diameter of 0.70 m comprised of NACA 4412 airfoils, which separated by axial distance of 0.3D and connected directly to each shaft of DC generator without a gearbox mechanism. In this research, local pitch (θ_p) of the rear rotor can be varied as followed (-10°, -5°, 0°, +5° and +10°). The data collection was done in a wind tunnel with a constant wind speed of 4 m/s, and given a load from bulb lamp started from 0 to 4.5 watt every 0.75 watts. The result shows that the local pitch +10° produced the highest rotation and electrical power generated. The highest electrical power generated at a local pitch +10° was at load 0.75 watt in amount of 1.057 watts or 23.55% higher than normal rotor (θ_p = 0°). At the same load, the lowest electrical power generated was at the local pitch -10° which only produced 0.598 watts.

The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model is used to simulate the gasification process using a modified downdraft gasifier with two levels of air inlet in the pyrolysis and partial oxidation zone. The aim of this study is to know the influence of air in pyrolysis zone to the gasification performance. Simulation arrangement using k-epsilon for turbulence model, radiation model using P1, kinetic devolatilization model using two competing rates, municipal solid waste pellet fuel is modelled as granular particles and modelled by discrete phase and multiple surface reaction model completed with finite rate/Eddy dissipation. From the simulation results, the maximum syngas composition obtained for CO, H2, CH4, CO2, and H2O was 30.85%, 16.74%, 2.25%, 0.5%, and 0.57%, respectively with LHV 5.325 kJ/kg. Air inlet at pyrolysis zone initiate the pyrolysis reaction under oxidative environment and create a new combustion zone (pyrolysis oxidative zone) with the temperature of 785°C and the partial oxidation temperature reach out 1135oC. The heat energy for the endothermal reaction (drying and pyrolysis) is obtained additional from the heat energy released by the oxidative pyrolysis zone. The modelling results from this study can be used as a reference to improve downdraft gasification performance.

The aim of research is getting an idea of the carbide compounds spread through the usage of SEM/EDS technology, the type of carbide fraction technology using XRD, and get an idea of the performance/performance of various types of material HSS through a machining test of critical wear criteria. And specified method used was pure experimental. The study consisted of two stages. Phase I testing to determine the lathe machining tool life/performance based on critical wear criteria specified. Phase II characterization to determine the type of carbide that of the lathe chisel HSS and circumstances fractions. Implementation of the Phase I study, first conducted chisel grinding process so that it can be used in the metal cutting process of turning process. Grinding against the two types of chisel studied performed with the same geometry ie chisel Side rake angle (12°-18°). Angle of keenness (60°-68°) and Side relief angle (10 ° - 12 °). Likewise machining parameters were taken with the same machining conditions. Based on test results obtained tool life tool life 27 minutes from Factory-A and from Factory-B 9 minutes to reach the 0.3 mm wear criticism. For both types of materials chisel, distribution of hardness on wear areas generally experienced a decrease of hardness compared with areas away from wear. The existence of this decline due to the influence of heat as a result of the cutting process. Material HSS suffered tempering resulting in decreased hardness. Results obtained from SEM examination that HSS Factory-A origin has the elemental composition of the alloy Ti, Cr, V, Mo and W. The alloy elements forming a complex carbide (the results of the XRD) that is Cr₇ Mo₂₄ C₁₉ Fe₆ W₆ C and V₂ C. While the HSS from Factory-B are Ti, V, Cr, and Mo. Alloying elements that will form carbides Cr₂₃ Fe₂₁ (W, Mo)₂ C₁₉ and V₄ C₃ while the impurities that exist, namely Al₂ O₃.

The effectiveness of cooling motorcycle engine will affect its performance, therefore required an effective cooling system so as to produce good performance. The V-IXION motorcycle cooling system uses a radiator without an extra fan with a water cooling medium, therefore effective cooling is required in order to produce maximum motor performance. For that done research by varying water coolant to get influence of this treatment to cooling effectivity. This research uses experimental method, by varying the use of three different types of water coolant that is water coolant of brand A, B, C which each type have different concentrate level and tested on V-IXION motorcycle engine. Further temperature measurements are made on the intake and outside manifold radiator under standard air conditions. The results of this study indicate a significant influence on the use of water coolant variations on the effectiveness of heat discharged by the radiator. Based on this analysis, the effectiveness of heat discharged by water coolant shows that brand A has 30% cooling effectiveness, B 24% brand, C 20% brand. This is strongly influenced by the concentrate content contained in water coolant solution.

This research was conducted with the aim to analyze schools of vocational education (SMK) which are feasible to be modelled schools for the application of the learning model of work based learning. The research was done by direct observation of all SMK Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Sepeda Motor which are vocational schools for motorcycle engineering. All schools involved followed the guided class program of PT YIMM. The scope of this study relates to the availability of facilities, infrastructure, human resources and support from the industrial world, which encourages the implementation of the learning model of work based learning. Data collection was done by analyzing ten SMK Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Sepeda Motor under the guidance of PT YIMM in West Java by using instruments that have been compiled and verified by authors and experts of vocational education, as well as from the industrial world. The result of the analysis was derived by observing all SMK Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Sepeda Motor with advice and supervision from PT YIMM in West Java. Results showed only four schools meeting the criteria to practise and apply the learning model of work based learning as seen through their adequate facilities, infrastructure, human resources and support from the industrial world. Therefore, these four schools will be used as the model for research development of the learning model for work based learning in subsequent research.

In this study focuses on the purification system of Synthetic gas from particulates (char-ash and soot) that proper with the characteristic of palm starch waste by using the cyclone separators. The objective of this study is to analyze the geometry of cyclone separator that suitable for gasification process of palm starch waste. The gasification process of palm starch waste faced the impurity materials problem on synthetic gas such as tar, char-ash, and soot. This certainly affects the quality of the products of synthetic gas. This study has conducted a comparison study of syngas quality in gasification process by using cyclone separator without counter cone and with counter cone experimentally. The results showed the vortex separator was able to separate the tar, char-ash, and soot on the synthetic gas more effectively than without counter cone. This study also examines the effect of vortex separator geometry on the synthetic gas quality of gasification of palm starch waste. The results showed that the geometry of the vortex separator with counter cone angle 1200 more effective than 900. Discussion about the effect of vortex separator geometry on the quality of syngas will be discussed in this paper.

The investigation of spray combustion phenomenon in order to improve the combustion efficiency has been conducted through the experimentally or simulation. On the liquid spray combustion phenomenon the size of liquid fuel that was sprayed into the combustion chamber (droplet) is very small, ranging between 1-25 μm. Due to the very small size of liquid droplet, the gravitation effect of liquid droplet was negligible or near the microgravity condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the behaviour of evaporation rate and the burning temperature of various types of liquid fuels droplet. The results of this research can be used as a basis in experiments or modelling of spray combustion. The liquid fuel that was used in this experiment are n-decane, pertamax, pertalite and pertamax turbo. Experiments were performed by injecting liquid fuel into droplets on SiC fiber grids with several variations of droplet size (0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1 mm, 1.25 mm and 1.5 mm).The results show that the droplet size of each fuel has a positive correlation to the evaporation rate and also the combustion temperature. This paper will discuss in detail the characteristics of the evaporation rate and the burning temperature of each type of liquid fuels droplet.

The effects of hot surface roughness on dynamic behaviour of multiple droplets impacting hot solid surfaces were investigated in this research. The test material is Aluminium 6061 with surface roughness variation of 0.08 μm, 0.18 μm and 0.52 μm. The surface temperatures were 100 °C, 120 °C and 140 °C. The droplet dynamics during the impact have been observed using high-speed video camera then the results were characterized by using image processing technique. It could be concluded that each temperature shows different thermodynamic impact regime. The results also reveal that at surface temperature lower than 140 °C, the increase of surface roughness leads the increase of spreading diameter. In contrast, the spreading factor decreases with the increasing of surface roughness at 140 °C due to incomplete wetting of droplet on the surface. Meanwhile, the maximum spreading factor is relatively independent to the change of surface roughness.

The abundance of durian waste in Indonesia encourages the energy potential analysis of waste as a renewable source of energy. Fast pyrolysis had employed to convert the durian waste into gas and bio-oil. Peel and seed of durian (durian waste) was processed into pellets RDF-5 with the natural adhesive material. The RDF-5 in this study was cylindrical with 15 mm diameter and 50 mm length. The analysis of the energy potential of RDF-5 based on durian waste was conducted in different variations of the composition by using bomb calorimeter. Meanwhile, to explore the optimum parameters that affected on the fast pyrolysis process had conducted experiments in different variations of temperature 4000C-6000C. The results showed that the composition ratio between durian waste and natural adhesive material affected to the caloric value of RDF-5. Similarly, the quality and quantity of bio-oil and gas were affected by the temperature. When the temperature increases, the quality and quantity of bio-oil and gas also increases. This paper will be discussed the pyrolysis parameters on the fast pyrolysis process of RDF-5 based on durian waste in detail.

This study conducted the gasification simulation of palm starch with focuses on Synthetic gas (Syngas) performance by using the Minimum Energy Gibbs method. The palm starch waste was changed as the fifth RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) by palletisation process. The investigation of palm starch waste RDF in tekMIRA laboratory show that the palm starch waste has Carbon (C) 38.74%, Sulphur (S) 0.07%, Hydrogen (H2) 6.41%, Nitrogen (N2)0.26%, and Oxygen (O2) 51.25%. This the data was used as the input parameters for the gasification simulation mixed with oxygen and moisture in air dried. The simulation results shown that palm starch waste could produce syngas 119.241 kg/hr (CO, CO2, H2, CH4) with good efficiency is 94%. Therefore, the palm starch has good potential waste of energy as fuel gas (syngas) through the palletization process and gasification.

Phase Change Material (PCM) plays an essential role in a thermal energy storage device, mainly, by utilizing its relatively high storage density, and latent heat property. PCM is potentially applicable as buildings material as it is possible to incorporate in the building envelope for energy conservation. Energy Plus is the chosen software to simulate phase change material in the building envelope. This paper will discuss in detail the numerical analysis of building thermal characteristics using PCM materials on the walls for climatic conditions of Banda Aceh City. The PCM used is beeswax. The weather data used in the simulation was customized for the year 2015 from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) website. Some separate parametric studies, i.e., a variation of PCM thermal conductivity, and temperature range, and results are presented. It was discovered that a PCM with a melting point from 21 to 23 °C led to maximum energy savings and greater peak load time shift, and is more suitable than other PCM temperature ranges for lightweight building construction.

This research develops old media by creating new media. The reason, because of the improper application of the pipeline welding procedure that caused misconceptions of learners, his assumption of piping can be rotated and shifted. With the new media will minimize the problem. The practical media device helps weld the vertical axis position pipe (2G) with GMAW process, the weld pipe dimension is at least two to four inches. Standard procedure, fixed pipe, incendiary rotator in the same direction or counter clockwise. Mechanization and automation of pipe welding produces high productivity, because the weld bead is better. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of pipe welding systems and practices with indicators of students able to master the welding of pipes with and without the media mentioned above.

Nowadays, gas and oil production through subsea pipeline are moving to deeper developments. It affects pressure and temperature conditions decrease within hydrate stability region. The composition of fluid, including mixed produced water, liquid, and gas also affects the formation of hydrate inside pipeline. It is potentially leads to serious operational and safety problems. The aim of this study is to predict the hydrate free zone in multiphase fluid, chemical inhibitor, and insulation designed for subsea production pipeline by flow assurance approach. This study was conduct using steady state multiphase simulation to build a model for predicting the hydrate free zone and build the sensitivity of chemical inhibitor and thermal insulation for optimizing the hydrate free zone. Data used for this study are gas rate, fluid composition includes 10% bbl/bbl water, pipeline data, and chemical hydrate inhibitors include Methanol, Monoethylene Glycol (MEG), Triethylene Glycol (TEG). This study yield sensitivity of gas flow rate, the composition of hydrate inhibitor, the effect of insulation thickness to shifting hydrate free zone. This study can be concluded that variation of gas rate could be more effective depends on fluid composition and injection of methanol inhibitor is the most effective methods to mitigate the hydrate formation.

This paper is intended to explain how to make empty bunches of palm oil as the basic ingredients of papermaking. Which with wood-based paper will indirectly lead to increased logging in the forest. On the other hand, paper production and demand continue to increase with a consumption rate of 349 tons per year. The need requires a timber of 45 million m3. So other raw materials needed alternative, one empty bunch of oil palm. Which is a waste of palm oil industry and contains cellulose. The production of palm oil in Indonesia is 31.07 million tons per year (BPS, 2015), and produces 25-26% empty bunches of palm oil waste. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Then the data collected by using literature review techniques with various references related to the utilization of empty bunches of palm oil as raw material for paper making, as well as with documentation techniques. The data is processed with the pattern of deductive piker and interpretation of the author. The results of this study illustrate that empty bunches of palm oil can be optimized into products with a high economic value of papermaking materials. This can reduce the volume of palm oil waste and also become a solution to overcome the exploitation of timber that affects deforestation.

The purpose of this study is to describe the stages of making the performance assessment instrument and analyzing the results of the feasibility test of the online-based performance assessment instrument on the Basic Chemistry practicum. The method used is research and development. The results show that research phases include chemical material analysis, making performance assessment instruments, website creation, validation and limited trials. Validation is done to material and media expert validators, limited trials conducted to students and assistants of Basic Chemistry practicum. Validation of making of performance assessment instrument has value of r_count 0,95, while result of validation of making website of instrument of performance assessment has value of r_count 0,84. It shows that online-based performance assessment instrument on Basic Chemistry practicum interpretation is valid and has high feasibility of assessment of expert validator. The results show that the feasibility test based on a limited trial give good response with an average of 97.5% and 98.8%. The result of the percentage of the feasibility test indicates that the online-based performance assessment instrument on the Basic Chemistry practicum is eligible for use. Making this website is expected to facilitate lecturers in conducting the assessment of the performance of students at the time of practicum.

During application of ultrafiltration membrane for fruit juice clarification, biofouling occurred as the process deals with food substances. Chitosan-based membrane has potential to reduce membrane biofouling, however the performance is still requiring improvement. Natural antibiotics such as Moringa oleifera leaves and nuts extracts might be used to improve the antibiofouling properties of ultrafiltration membrane. We investigated the method to adhere Moringa oleifera extracts into chitosan-based ultrafiltration membranes. Two methods were investigated, i.e. coating and blending. The modified membranes were then immersed in Escherichia coli solution to test the anti-biofouling effect, alongside clean water flux test. The results show that by increasing Moringa oleifera extract concentration from 0%, 2.5% and 5% by using coating method, the mean clean water fluxes are similar in ± 5000-6000 L/m2h, while blending method provide less clean water fluxes, i.e. ± 6.000 L/m2h, 2.150 L/m2h, 4.462 L/m2h, for blending Moringa oleifera extract concentration from 0%, 2,5% and 5%, respectively. The lower clean water flux for blending method is due to smaller pore sizes of chitosan membrane which was filled by Moringa oleifera extract. With regards to bacteria adhesion, by observing 200μm membrane area under microscope, and analyzing the images, the total area of Escherichia coli attachment onto membrane surface are 38.07%, 4.57%, 0.57% for coating Moringa oleifera extract concentration of 0%, 2,5% and 5%, respectively. This result is better than blending methods that promotes 38.7%, 11.22% and 32.87% total area of Escherichia coli attachment onto membrane surface, by increasing blending concentration of 0%, 2,5% and 5%, respectively.

The title of this study is "Compression Strength Testing Model on Clay Soil Stabilization Using Variations of Cement Composition". The focus of this test is the addition of different compositions of cement and clay. Composition of this test is 100% soil + 0% cement, 70% soil + 30% cement, 50% soil + 50% cement and 30% soil + 70% cement. The next stage of drying is done for 0 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 20 days. The test is performed by unconfined compression test machine for each sample dried within the time specified above. The cement used is Portland composite cement type (Portlant Cement Composite / PCC). The conclusion is obtained from the results of tests that have been done that the soil composition of 100% + 0% cement land indicates if the longer drained the value of the compressive strength will decrease. However, in the other composition 70% of soil + 30% cement, 50% soil + 50% cement and 30% soil + 70% cement show that the longer drying is done for each composition the relationship between strain and stress shows an increase along with the duration of drying done. However, if analyzed for the largest compressive strength value of this test was found in the 50% + 50% cement sample showing the largest compressive strength (q_u) compared with the other samples.

Styrogravel concrete is a new-composite concrete made of a mix of styrogravel as a material replacing natural gravel. Styrogravel is a new material resulted from a simple chemical reaction of Styrofoam which is gravel-alike. The making process of the styrogravel is the same as that of conventional gravel. The method can be used as comparison of the solidity of the styrogravel in mechanical laboratory testing. The results of the study show that styrogravel concrete as a new concrete material is proven to be lighter yet stronger in comparison to conventional gravel. In terms of elasticity, styrogravel is proven to be better in deformation. Finally, in terms of axial elasticity, styrogravel is proven to be better when reaching high stretch.

This study aims at analyzing the level of needs of contractor companies to the competence of construction project management for graduates of civil engineering scholars. The research variables consisted of a group management process and a construction project management knowledge area consisting of 53 indicators adopted from the Project Management Body of Knowledge5th standard. The research data were collected from 130 contractor companies in East Java-Indonesia using Likert Scale (1-5). Respondents were contractor directors and contractor managers. The sampling technique used combination of purposive sampling and simple random sampling method. Methods of data analysis used Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The result of this research concluded that the requirement index of contractor to the competence of construction project management graduate of civil engineering graduates was obtained 61.92% or in the category of graduates was quite competent in the field of construction project management. There were 23.81% of contractors answered very competent, 40.48% was competent, 21.43% was competent enough, 9.52% was incompetent and 4.76% was very incompetent. There were 14 main priority factors that needed to be improved by the civil engineering bachelor's education provider to improve the competence of graduates in the construction project management.

Urban areas are experiencing rapid population growth now. The presence of public transport modes does not automatically solve transportation problems especially safety issues for users. This study presents the results of research on public transport services relating to safety, including the provision of public transportation services by government and private parties as well as the utilization of public transportation services by the public. Content surveys conducted on 332 public transport vehicles in the form of cars and buses. Public transportation data obtained through questionnaires and interviews at terminals, shelters, and centers in districts throughout Indonesia. The variation of public transport modes is limited to four-wheeled and conventional mode only. The results of the discussion show that public transport companies that organize public transportation on the route have not met the minimum service standards of public transport. The dominant facilities available on public transport are still below the minimum standard. The results of the discussion concluded that to improve the transport service for the government is required to play a role in making the policy of transport management and in law enforcement so that the transport service can be more integrated with transport network.

Certification is an official acknowledgment of a person in accordance with legislation through testing by a third party against its competence. However, in practice there are several constraints in the certification system, among which the quality of certification isn't correlated with competence and sceptical opinion related to the impact of certification. In view of this condition, it is deemed necessary to evaluate the civil engineers' certification system (CECS). This research aims to develop evaluation model of CECS. The research was conducted descriptively by using secondary data, covering among others, legislation. book, articles, reports. The data used comes from the principles CECS in Indonesia synthesized with CECS in Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines. To support the data, interviews were conducted with resource persons and stakeholders related to the civil engineers' certification. The resulting data is described descriptively analytical, that is describing the existing facts, then analyzed based on positive law and theories that exist. This research produces evaluation model of CECS consisting of 5 (five) main aspects, namely 1) value and principle system, 2) mandate and purpose, 3) business process, 4) regulation framework, 5) institutional framework. The evaluation model of the CECS will be used to study the CECS in Indonesia.

The Development Length is an essential factor in the design of reinforced concrete structures. On the other hand, reinforced concrete allows the existence of bundle bars as one of the solutions in overcoming dimensional limitations. However, the use of bundle bars causes some of the reinforcing surfaces not to be covered with concrete, resulting in bond strength between the reinforcement and the concrete will reduce. So, it is necessary to research how far the development length on the concrete with bundle bars, can achieve the desired performance. The methodology used with Pull Out on concrete cylindrical test objects with bundle bars and single bar. Variations in the development length are given to 100 mm, 125 mm, and 150 mm. Gradual loading until a break occurs. Pull Out test results indicate a caesarean movement from the loaded end to the free end. The variation in the development length given appears to affect the greater load tensile requirements of the bundle bars compared with the single bar. This can be seen from the amount of bond stress generated which tends to decrease with increasing length of the development length.

Volcanic mudflow disaster has brought negative impacts in the area around the mudflow. The contents of mud are predominantly silicate and aluminate, which are the primary constituent materials of fly ash-based geopolymer specimen. However, the main issue of fly ash-based geopolymer is the requirement of heat curing due to the low calcium in fly ash precursor. The aim of this research is to identify the effect of limestone inclusion on strength properties of volcanic mud-based class C fly ash geopolymer mortar. The volcanic mud was obtained from Sidoarjo mud in East Java Indonesia. The alkaline activator solution was prepared by mixing 10 Molar sodium hydroxide with sodium silicate with the ratio of 0.67. The compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 28 days. The specimens were cured at room temperature. The results show that the addition of 30% limestone in volcanic mud-based class C fly ash geopolymer specimen gives the highest strength at 28 days. It also improves the setting time rate due to the calcium addition. However, further addition of limestone tends to reduce the strength. This might attribute to the decrease of silicate and aluminate contents in geopolymer specimen along with the limestone addition.

High-strength concrete made with a lot of cement, aggregates and super plasticizer leading to expensive cost. On the contrary, manufacturing of cement is un-environmental friendly because it needs high fuel consumption and releases the CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Moreover, the availability of aggregates coming from river and natural rock decreases over time. This research aims to analyze shear capacity of high-strength reinforced concrete (HSRC) beams added with geopolymer flyash i.e., 15% coal flyash (CFA), 10% pozzolanic flyash (PFA) and 15% palm oil blast furnace slag ash (POSFA) from cement weight as additives; 10% palm oil blast furnace slag (POSS) and 20% pozzolanic sand (PSS) as fine aggregate substitution; and 40% palm oil blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate substitution (POSCA). One plain beam without flyash and aggregate substitution (PBHSC) was tested as comparison. Shear capacity of beams was tested by giving a concentrated load which divided then into two point load (third point loading). Result of shear test showed that all beams experienced shear failure as planned, obtained by applying the actual capacity ratio of flexure to shear 2.29. Aggregate substitution from palm oil blast furnace slag both as fine and coarse aggregates could enhance shear capacity of HSRC beam compared with plain beam. The hardness of palm oil blast furnace slag contributed to this increase, which has wearing value not much different than split, i.e., 4.7% compared with 6.7%. Utilization of flyash did not contribute to the increase of shear capacity as well, although its compressive strength enhanced when compared to PBHSC.

The occurrence of spatial and road network changes, increased traffic volume approaching road capacity, causing congestion due to urban sprawl phenomena as well as lack of public facilities and social facilities. From this background problem considered to be solved by a concept that is Transit Oriented Development (TOD), concept of transportation development in co-operation with spatial. The TOD concept can eliminate urban sprawl, which transforms urban sprawl into a compact city area. Pull model are obtained from the results of the analysis is, Oi = -37,126 + 58,723 X9 + 17,968X2, where road performance, land use, the coefficient indicates the number of additional trip generation. Trips pull obtained by model Dd = -20,351 + 30,903X2 where only one significant variable causing attraction of land use that is dominant. With concept of TOD, the model obtained is Oi = 32.180 + 0.002X7-7.017X3 where travel and distance travel costs indicate the number of additional trips generation, the generation will decrease over the base year. Objects obtained with the model Dd = 48.474-0.671X11 + 0, 003X7-9,299X3, meaning travel attraction in the absence of population density, travel expenses, and travel distance, then travel appeal that occurs on 48 journeys influenced by variable population density and distance travel will decrease, it can be interpreted this independent variables can influence the drag on the concept of Banda Aceh City and TOD can be applied in the city of Banda Aceh.

This study aims to develop an automatic system of tools infusion that can monitor the condition of the infusion volume and monitor the condition of droplets performed remotely using web technology and Android applications. The test activities of SICoMS is testing heavy on the loadcell sensor, HX711 module testing, testing of droplets on the photodiode sensor, data communications testing, web, and Android testing. SICoMS design has been made simple with two main functions are remote monitoring for the condition of the contents/detection volume of infusion fluids and drips or absence of intravenous fluids. The status intravenous fluid volume used by patients divided into three categories namely: Safe: intravenous fluid condition > 10%; Standby: the condition of the infusion liquid 5%-10% and Empty: 0% condition intravenous fluids. Heavy testing the infusion bag with three different volume of 500 mL, 100 mL and 25 mL generate accurate results that are displayed on SICoMS application. At the time of infusion fluid is completely discharged, the red indicator on the display flashes SICoMS application and buzzer at the infusion apparatus will beep to inform the patient's family/patient.

The aim of this research is to control the temperature of roasting process to be stable. The temperature controller is needed in process of coffee roasting because of high and low temperature is very influential on the process. This paper presents the development of the coffee roaster machine where the temperature is controlled using fuzzy logic control algorithm. The temperature is sensed using PT100. The fuzzy control algorithm computes the controller output based on error and the rate of error. The fuzzy control algorithm is implemented using MATLAB. A PLC Omron is used and interfaced with PC Desktop, so that a real-time control can be conducted. A HMI is used so that a roaster machine operator can easily operates the machine. A complete PLC system and mechanical design are discussed in this paper. Experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the controller. From the experiment results, the desired temperature can be controlled with relatively small error, 0.52%. It can cause the temperature of the process relatively stable.

Along with the development of information technology in the security field, the need for technologies that can assist human work in maintaining security is also increasing. One of the efforts in maintaining security is through monitoring of an area, such office area, and educational institution. Monitoring the institutions are necessary to look at the condition of a classroom, which is generally used a monitor screen to display monitoring results that will limit the movement. Therefore, the system design is done to perform monitoring of a classroom on smartphones. In the implementation, the design of the data communications system, hardware and software first then will be analyzing the implementation and testing system including the measurement in it. This system uses web camera (webcam) to monitor classrooms that are connected with raspberry pi via USB port where Raspberry Ethernet / LAN / RJ45 port connected to a router. Monitoring location can be done by smartphones without internet as the devices are in the router network coverage.

Object detection is one of the important application in the surveillance system. In system design, a model is needed to be used for the compensator design process. The black-box modeling method is used so that we can get the mathematical model of the plant without using physics laws, while it is used an experimental approach so that it takes input and output data from the open-loop system response. In modeling the system, two datasets are required to estimate the model and validate the data. In the process, Arduino Mega controller commanded to transmit Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals on the pan and tilt servo motors. The command sets motion to pan and tilt systems which installed a camera in it, and the dataset retrieval process can be performed. In this case, the PWM signal as input and the center coordinates of the face (pixels) as outputs based on the viola jones method for the image processing of the open-loop system. The results of the mathematical model of the system show that the data obtained is quite accurate, it is proved from the estimation and data validation that has been done.

DC Motor is an electric motor that requires a direct current voltage supply on the field coil to be converted into mechanical energy motion. In this study, a control system automation is made to control the rotation speed of motor DC in order to maintain the speed with load changes. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) principle is used as speed stability control system for loaded DC motor with PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) method. PID is one of the controllers used for improving the performance of a system, including DC motor rotation control system. The speed of the response and error steady state are the parameters measured to evaluate the performance of the proposal control system PID control in this study is implemented through personalized software (PC) where the values obtained are copied into program or C source code to run DC motor. The best condition with PID tuning method in Matrix Laboratory software is obtained at the value of control constant Kp = 0,53, Ki = 0,63, Kd = 0,07 with 5,61% over shoot, and average travel time when lifting weights with a distance of 1 m 1 meter = 5,54 seconds, 2 meters = 9,60 meters, 3 meters = 11,50 seconds, 4 meters = 16,48 seconds, and 5 meters = 19,71 seconds.

Based on statistical data, land surface temperature can be the main parameters in the prediction of eruption of Merapi [1]. The eruption of Merapi in 2010 resulted in the victim's death as much as 347 people with the most victims in the Regency of Sleman i.e. 246 inhabitants [2]. This problem caused the latest information came a result of information coming not directly acquired community. Rescue many souls before the eruption happens very needed, therefore the necessary information that can be used in the community directly, through application of pre disaster mitigation of the eruption volcanic activity report in Android applications. This research use Research and Development to create VEW S report by the method of linear Sequential Model consisting of 5 stages, namely: the phase of analysis and study of literature; design system; Assembly hardware; coding; and testing. The results of this research are developing Volcansmart VEWS at the disaster-prone region of region Sleman. Measurement of land surface periodically through these applications can improve community preparedness in daily activities on the Facies Proximal of Merapi volcanic activity report.

Quadrotor or commonly referred to quadcopter or drone, has 4 kinds of movements. One of those movements is the impulse of the movement. In this study, a QBall-X4 quadcopter controller is using a backstepping control system to achieve movement that can reach the height when doing thrust. The results showed that the backstepping method can adjust the height and stabilize the roll angle, pitch and yaw, by adjusting alpha value (a stabilizer constant). The more precisely the alpha value of the system is more stable and the response to reach steady state is faster, with small errors. At setpoint 0 to 3 condition an error of 0.0216.

Since lighting system is used in every human activity, an electronic device with more power efficient and low cost, rather than electrical equipment, has been developed. HPLED (High Power Light Emitting Diode) has been applied in many aspects to replace the conventional lighting. A significant part of the system is LED Driver, which is important to improve efficiency, adjusted voltage and current output. Some problems may occur and cause harmonic distortion. There are two types of drivers commonly developed such as Linear Driver and Switching Driver. Linear driver is a circuit easier to implement and to find error compared to switching driver. A linear LED driver circuit must fit the Harmonic Standard requirements. In this study, some comparisons and measurements due to IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-3-2 standards were conducted to evaluate the power quality. The results showed that the measurement of Linear Driver using LM 317 and IN4733 in accordance to the Harmonic Standard were PF 0.92, THDi 37.5%, THDv 1.9% for LM317 Driver and PF 0.86, THDi 25.4% and THDv 2.1% for IN4733A, respectively.

The growth of electricity consumption in this world is getting higher. The operation of the electric power starts from the generation system, Transmission system, and distribution system up to the load. All systems must be well integrated. Power generation settings should be appropriate. Therefore, load forecasting is important to do in generation system so that it is not too high from the existing load. There are two kinds of load forecasting; Short Term and Very Short Term. The very short term load forecasting is to forecast the load amount in every 30 minutes on one day before the day of loading. This research aims to discuss very short term load forecasting which uses hybrid regression method in the primary data of its loading history forecasting with Interval Type - 1 Fuzzy Inference System (IT-1 FIS). The finding indicates that the forecasting in 2015 obtained error of 0,9558%, and 1,4226% in 2016.

Biological systems have inspired that robot have to demonstrate a capability to perform safe physical human robot interactions. This property is vital for ensuring that a robot can conduct their tasks successfully without risking or damaging both the human and the robot. A solution to this issue is to introduce a compliance control strategy. This strategy requires compliant actuator and sensor system to transfer the external forces or torques to the robot system. The external torque is sensed using a torque sensor where the observed torque is then used for compliance control policies. This is not a trivial problem in control system. This paper proposes a linear control technique applied on a robot compliant joint system. The mechanical system of a 1 DOF link is modelled using the Lagrangian function. The 1 DOF link mathematical model is used to simulate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. A natural and controlled behaviors of the compliant joint are presented. The simulation results suggest that the proposed control strategy can effectively be used for a compliance robot joint. The parameter values in a closed loop control system obtained from the PD controller are k_P = 120 and k_D = 40.

This paper proposes a design of rectangular patch antenna used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks communication and Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). The antenna can operate in dual-band at the frequency of 2.3 and 3.5 GHz. The proposed antenna dimension has a patch size of 39.6 mm × 29.8 mm, a feedline length of 19 mm, and a 1.4 mm channel width. Some parameters are used for the antenna in terms of bandwidth, VSWR, return loss, impedance, and gain. This antenna has a directional radiation pattern. At 2.3 GHz frequency obtained a gain of 3.612 dB, VSWR 1.07, bandwidth of 60 MHz, return loss of -20.00 dB, and an input impedance of 48.651 + j2.561Ω. While at the frequency of 3.5 GHz obtained a gain of 1.00 dB, VSWR of 1.33, bandwidth of 66 MHz, return loss of -16.90, and an input impedance of 46.258 + j4.897 Ω. Adjusting the antenna dimensions, either the patch dimension, and the feeder line dimension, can generate the desired working frequency as well as generating predefined ideal parameters.

Solar cells are widely used as an alternative renewable energy. On future, the trend of electric car will demand more solar cells mounted on the roof to support main electric source. The solar cells work optimally during the day because it convert sunlight onto energy to produce usable power. Meanwhile, the intensity of ambient light decreased at night, except from artificial light such as street light. In fact, this condition makes solar cells capable of generating enough voltage and electric current relatively. In this study, an experiments for 12 street lights with standard illumination were conducted and reported to measure the voltage and current generated by a 10 WP Polycrystalline solar cells at night. The average power obtained from them are 67.06 W. The energies which are generated can be harvest and store on smart batteries or used directly by a microcontroller system. We conclude that our system can be as efficient as energy harvester system when optimized by low start voltage solar cells to generate more energy from artificial light mounted as street lights. These findings shows our ideas potential and further research needed to get usable energy for other electric dependent system.

Visible light communication is one of the wireless communication that transmits information to receiver trough lighting. The light-emitting diode (LED) lamp is one of the main components that used to transmit information. Generally, LED lamp used to lighting the room because it has energy saving and long lifetime which makes LED lamp as one of the solutions for an energy crisis. This paper discusses visible light communication using the LED lamp for indoor navigation. The transmitted data contains the identity of the LED lamp was modulated on lighting and received by photo-detector for indoor navigation. Transmitting data from LED lamp to photo-detector examined by the height and distance between the line of sight of the transmitter and a receiver. For 30 cm height and at the line of sight, 3-watt transmitter has illumination level of 180 lux, 6-watt transmitter has 273 lux, and 9-watt transmitter has 288 lux. The transmitter using LED lamp can save energy about 88,3% than a compact fluorescent lamp, halogen light bulb, and an incandescent light bulb. A transmitter using visible light increases the energy efficiency for indoor navigation by using the existing infrastructure of the light system.

Photovoltaic is one of the most widely developed solar power system. The problem that often arises is the instability of PV output causes problems in the utilization of PV power for the load. In this paper is focused to maximize the power generated by Photovoltaic power dan bidirectional dc-dc converter and controlled by Arduino Nano. The tool that becomes the object of research is a photovoltaic that has been controlled by manual or by using a one-way converter, will be controlled using bidirectional two-way converter. The electronic circuit will be replaced with Arduino nano V3.0 which will control the bidirectional converter frequency.

The presence of distributed generators (DG) are potentially reducing electrical losses, improving power quality and generating economic benefits. However, miss locating DG leads to system degradation including power quality, reliability, system control, losses and power regulation. This paper reports system analysis of distribution network in Dolok Sanggul as three DGs present. ETAP simulation was employed. The study reveals that Parlilitan micro hydro generator produces excessive power. The optimum power is supposed to be 2234.079 kW instead of 7500 kW. By reducing the DG power, the active power losses are reduced from 941 kW to 233 kW, while the reactive power losses are reduced from 628 kVar to 455 kVar.

Freezer is widely used by the people as a place to store frozen food that has a cooling temperature reaches -28 °C. Factors that affect the performance of the freezer is an unstable electric current, frost and others things. The most frequent problem found is frost. Previous research shows that the thickness of the frost up to 5 mm and 10 mm of freezer energy consumption up to 20% and 33%. The formation of frost is a common physical phenomena that occur at environmental temperature conditions freezer and humidity. The heat exchange occurs and the water molecules in the air condenses as the temperature in the freezer is below the dew point and causes frost growth. The prevention formation frost by means of the air moist in the freezer absorb and condensation with tools. Tools make air circulation, after which the air moist not returned in the freezer. The experimental study verifies the tools can reduce consumption power up to 11% in 2.5 hours. This can be one of the alternatives for the community in order, to maintain the freezer good condition also reduce power consumption so that the freezer is more durable and energy efficient.

Fossil fuel used by many car. Reduce fuel usage make a big change to our environment. Water Methanol Injection system injected water and methanol mixture into combustion chamber of an engine. In fact methanol has high octane number and water has characteristic that delay the combustion also cooling effect for combustion chamber. Then injecting premixed water and methanol beside the fuel will produce higher power and more fuel efficiency. The aim of this study was to increase fuel efficiency for a greener engine with the same engine model because the system can be mounted into any engine and just tune it properly. Injection method required system that able to control pressure, and flow rate to keep it efficient while working. Previous research found optimum range ratio is 10-25% premixed water methanol to fuel. To make the system meets the injection ratio target it must be connected with the Engine Control Unit that tells amount of fuel required. The research used an electronic fuel injection K24Z Honda engine.

Dust is one of the causes of decreased air quality, for it needs a remote-controlled dust gauge and bias store data measurement results. During this measuring device there is no data storage facility of measurement results, for the need for storage of data measurement results. Storage of measured data using internet of things displayed through PC. So no longer need to dating record to the measurement of dust, simply see the results of measurements through the PC, which can be seen bias measurements an minutes. In building this dust meter using NODEMCU, sensor type gp2y1010au0f sharp, step down, 16x2 LCD. Measurement of dust is done at campus area 2 at four point location that is canteen, entrance of campus 2, electro laboratory warehouse and front page of campus 2. Measurement of dust conducted on 22 and 23 March 2018 at 12:51-12:55, 13:13-13:17, 06:58-07:02, 07:43-07:47, 05:51-05:55, 06:01-06:07, 00:00-00:04, and 00:42-00:46. The result of measurement of dust at campus area 2 at the entrance of the parking at 13:13-13:17 dust concentration tends to rise from 0.1-0.3 when the students come home. The canteen area at 12:15-12:55 concentration of dust tends to rise, that is 0.08-0.1 mg/m³ when the student breaks college.

The chili (Capsicum Annum L) is one of the vegetable crops that have high economic value. Red hydroponic cultivation is an effort to increase the yield of red chillies by minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers, thus using biological fertilizer on red pepper plant is expected to increase the growth and yield of red peppers. This study aims to determine the physiology of red chili plants with hydroponic system with the utilization of green house. Both physiology studies of red pepper plant with hydroponic system with green house utilization and the three physiological studies of red pepper plant with hydroponic system with green house utilization. The variables observed in this study include plant height (cm), plant width (cm), and number of leaves (strands). The method used conventional chilli plant, hydroponic system is Fuzzy Logic The main discussion is to study the comparison of cultivation of chilli plants with hydroponics and conventional using plant physiology with green house. The results of physiology simulation of red pepper cultivation using plant length, weight of plant weight, hardness of plants, number of leaves, number of flowers, water content produce better hydroponic system growth than conventional system on red pepper plant. In the cultivation of soil media plants require fertilizer is always done watering in times of growth while the hydroponic media require nutrient fertilizer hydroponic kits have been found. This is according to previous research that the parameters of the success rate of a hulticulture cultivation is can be seen from the vegetative and generative plants. The Conclusion of the study of chili cultivation with hydroponics more than conventional physiological review of plant methods of fuzzy logic.

The aim of this research is developing automatic watering and hydroponic nutrients. The purpose of this research is to design, build and test the system to be able to do the watering, hydroponic nutrients drain automatically, and to fog the plant environment, also to monitor the environmental temperature in the plant house. The method used in the research of Automatic Watering System in The Plant House - Using Arduino Board is experiment technique. Some of the steps that need to be considered, namely the design stage, the stage of development/manufacture, and installation phase. Next is the testing of the product that has been made by testing some variables that have been previously specified. As a result, the system can do the watering, drain hydroponic nutrients, and perform automatic misting with a working voltage of 208-214 VAC and 15 VDC, as well as a constant Arduino pin voltage of 4.8 VDC. The system can also display the current state of the soil moisture status and the temperature of the greenhouse. By performing tests on crops, showed growth of plants in the hydroponic method is faster than with conventional cultivation methods.

Biochar is one of the progressive material used for many application in pharmaceutical food, chemical and electrochemical industry. To manufacture the biochar, one of the main obstacle is derived from the preparation process and characteristics of the biochar source. Coconut shell is one of the abundant material usually used as biochar source. However, the coconut shell have a hard-shell which is practically is not easy to process it manually. Therefore, in this study we design and fabricate a simple and low cost ball mill. The goals of this research is to customize the coconut shell powder as technical grade for biochar source using a laboratory ball mill. The laboratory ball mill consist of a steel bowl, steel ball and a vibrator. The fabricated ball mill was tested to 1 mm, 10 mm and 1-10 mm of coconut shell chips for three series of testing to evaluate the grinding capability and reproducibility. For 30 minutes of testing, the ball mill has produce the powder coconut shell about (26.07 ± 1.2) %; (22.69 ± 1.58) % and (16.24 ± 0.52) % respectively for 1 mm, 10 mm and 1-10 mm of coconut shell chips. The high reproducibility of the ball mill show that it has potential for powder coconut shell preparation machine.

Aluminium casting is often done, but for the casting of composite materials base on aluminium is very rare. The purpose of this research is make composite material based on aluminium reinforced by SiC particles by casting. This research method use three different casting molds that are permanent cast, ceramic (chamotte sand / Al2O3-SiO2) molds and sand molds. The best casting product that has a small porosity is the AlMg10Si make of permanent molding. The small porosity effect causes the AlMg10Si material to become harder. The oxy-acetylene welding results show that the AlMg10Si + composite material reinforced by 15% SiC particles, has a fine discontinuity when the liquid penetrant test, which means that very small cracks occur, and potholes result from casting. This composite material has enormous energy to break is 0.94 Joule at impact test.

The phenomenon of reclamation on Serangan Island is an inexhaustible field for further research. Reclamation of the island conducted by private company to build tourist destination facilities, started in 1995 and stalled in 1998 due to monetary, political, social and cultural issues factors. Post-reclamation physical changes have an effect on land use change owned by the village such as Pelaba Temple land and Druwe Desa land. Through this research, it will be explored how many land uses have changed through land comparation pre and post-reclamation. Research method used is qualitative descriptive with purposive sampling method. The result of the research shows that the land of Pelaba Temple and Druwe Desa is owned by Puri Kesiman and Desa Pakraman Serangan. There are 3 types of changes in the land use Pelaba Temple and Druwe Desa land that is the use of land that functions social, economic, and religious scattered in residential areas and areas of PT. BTID. In other words, there are land ownership of Desa Pakraman Serangan on the territory of PT. BTID with religious functions such as Temple Pat Payung, Temple Batu Api, Temple Tirta Arum and other temples.

This article is aimed at examining the changes in rural settlement and status of maintainable and developable unique values in accommodation or house buildings in Sukawana village, Kintamani Sub-district, Bangli Regency. This research includes a research with phenomenology paradigm. Data obtained were in the form of the local theory of traditional values in the home stays through interview with some residents in the garden and utilization of relevant theories. The results showed that conservation concept of Sukawana settlement are divided into two concepts, such as physical concept and nonphysical concept. Changes in physical concepts occur in the use of roofing materials, wall construction, and the formation of house-building phenomena in the midst of plantations and in modern homes that serve as permanent residences in cities that do not tend to apply patterns in village halls. Some leading factors to this change are the manifestations of the mindset and behavioral changes that lead to modern life. In addition, changes in non-physical concepts include aspects of spiritual beliefs and joint cultural activities or social activities. The community's belief in life is symbolized by the tree of life in Sanggah Pakurenan, whereas in death is symbolized by building materials or trees that have been

Traditional Balinese Architecture is an architectural masterpiece Indonesia that should be preserved and developed without eliminating rules prevailing local wisdom in Bali. Bale Sakenem Building is one of the buildings that were in the order of Traditional Bali House. Developments and changes in the form Bale Sakenem building is strongly influenced by the height necessaries, labor shortages both quantity and quality are qualified, time and labor management systems resulting the height intervention builders Bali (Undagi) on the implementation of the construction of the Bale Sakenem. This study identified Bale Sakenem building located in the Singapadu Tengah Village. An identification was based on anthropometry user and measurement of the building dimensions of height saka (column) aspect. This research is observational research by using cross-sectional design. This research was done by means of retrospective observational that is considered the factor that can affect Bale Sakenem Building Anthropometry, with using 20 sample houses based on population research with cluster random sampling. The measurement result was a significant difference between anthropometry users with dimensions of Bale Sakenem calculated based on rai users size and height saka. From the data analyze of research identification, 95% height saka in Bale Sakenem building in the Singapadu Tengah Gianyar have not yet undertaken anthropometry users and more dominant to follow measurements that based on the size of Undagi, as a consequence there was uncomfortableness. Height saka is based on the tolerance of anthropometry using the 95 percentile based on height saka should be.

This study aims to examine the conception of the duality between sekala (tangible) and niskala (intangible) spaces on the banyan tree and the elements of markers and markers of both spaces. The method used in the study is interpretive naturalistic. Approaches that occur in the banyan tree with an understanding of the concept of dualism and the concept of space sekala and niskala. The results obtained are the "ritual conception" on the banyan tree creating a harmony dualism relationship between the sekala and the niskala space. With rituals approach to take effect on (1) a banyan tree that has elements: saput poleng (chessboard patterned fabric), pelinggih and element offerings (bebantenan) as a sign that around the banyan there is a space that is niskala which in the context of belief and respect for values of spirit influences spatial settings and spatial use behavior; and (2) those elements are also a sign of the "ban on cutting or destroying" the banyan tree, so that space utilized for social and economic activities is exist.