Table of contents

W Hidayat¹, S A Widodo², M Irfan², M S Noto³, K S Perbowo⁴ and R C I Prahmana⁵

¹Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Siliwangi, Cimahi, Indonesia

²Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

³Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

⁴Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁵Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

E-mail: wahyu@ikipsiliwangi.ac.id

Preface

The first International Seminar on Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education (ISAMME) 2019 held by Mathematics Education Study Program of Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (IKIP) Siliwangi, Indonesia. This seminar has objectives to expand mathematics contribution to the society, to improve mathematics teaching, and to solve mathematics problems.

Indonesian education system demands changes due to the dynamic challenges in human resources as the effect of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Graduates are expected to be more competitive. As a result, the curriculum set into contemporary literacies: Data Literacy comprises the ability to read and analyze, Technology Literacy comprises the ability to apply technology, and Human Literacy aims at creating humanists who can communicate well. This recent education system requires professionals who create innovation based on research information. This notion calls for new perspective converting challenges into opportunities. In view of that, the Mathematics Education Study Program of IKIP Siliwangi invites researchers, practitioners, educators to participate in and contribute to the seminar under the theme "Issues and Challenges in Mathematics Education".

The keynote presentations are provided especially to show the contribution of mathematics educators in the world of mathematics education towards research and knowledge sharing. We have five keynote speakers coming from Utrecht University, Netherland., Dr. M.L.A.M. (Maarten) Dolk, IPGK Pendidikan Teknik Malaysia, Dr. Tan Tong Hock, Kyambogo University, Uganda., Dr. Wamaungo Juma Abdu, University Sriwijaya, Indonesia., Prof. Dr. Zulkardi, and from IKIP Siliwangi, Dr. Heris Hendriana. We also have two keynote speakers in workshop session coming from Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Dr. Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana, and IKIP Siliwangi, Dr. Wahyu Hidayat.

On this seminar implementation, from two hundred and thirty four abstract registers, there are a hundred and twenty eight presenters declared to be qualified. I trust that all the particcipants found their involvement in the seminar both valuable and rewarding. Our wish is that all participants would enjoy this seminar, improve the knowledge and experiences.

Publishing Team

W Hidayat¹, S A Widodo² and R C I Prahmana³

¹Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Siliwangi, Cimahi, Indonesia

²Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

³Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

E-mail: wahyu@ikipsiliwangi.ac.id

List of Organizing Committee, Steering Committee, Advisory Editorial Board and Scientific and Reviewer Committee are available in this pdf.

W Hidayat¹, S A Widodo², M Irfan², M S Noto³, K S Perbowo⁴ and R C I Prahmana⁵

¹Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Siliwangi, Cimahi, Indonesia

²Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

³Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

⁴Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁵Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

E-mail: wahyu@ikipsiliwangi.ac.id

List of Keynote Speaker are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered bythe proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study that aims to describe how student solve high order thinking (HOT) problem. The research subject was a student who was chosen based on HOT problem-solving in a non-routine way and took a mathematics course at Science Education of Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta DS Setiana¹. Data were collected using observation, documentation and interviews methods, then will be analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis that has been done, it was found that: (1) the strategy used by the student to solve the HOT problem was obtained from the internet; (2) there are errors when student applied the strategy that has been obtained in solving the HOT problem; (3) the student have difficulties when solving HOT problem in the same way. The results of this analysis are expected to provide a little description for educational activists related to the solving of HOT problem by students.

Investing in mining stocks, investors often face risk problems. Usually to minimize risk, it is done by forming an investment portfolio. This paper aims to discuss the optimization of the investment portfolio. The data analyzed are several mining stocks traded on the capital market in Indonesia. Optimization is done using the mean-absolute deviation model with the singular covariance matrix method and the non-singular covariance matrix method to determine the optimal weight of the two existing methods. Based on the results of the optimization, we can obtain a weight allocation composition that provides an optimal portfolio. In addition, we also estimate the amount of return on expectations and risks in the optimal portfolio formed. So that the composition of this optimal weight can be used as a consideration for investors in investing their capital in several analyzed mining stocks.

This study discusses the result of the field test stage of reading texts development for reading activities in School Literacy Movement in mathematics learning with futsal context. This study is development research with design research method and development studies as its type. The evaluations at the prototyping stage use the formative study with self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field test as its phases. The subjects were 7th-grade students at a junior high school in Karawang. The data were collected using documentation, questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The calculation of the effect size is 2,895 and categorized as high. Based on this result, it shows that the reading texts for the learning stage of the School Literacy Movement have potential effect for students in mathematics learning.

There has been more than one the solving process of the problem sometimes. It has been named an open-ended context when related to an approach, and in this study, purposed to use a geometric-function problem for analyzing each process that was experienced a student when they were conceptualizing the completion. Three students purposively who was a sample is registered by the senior high school in a science program at the region of West Jakarta, Indonesia. Student solved the problem in this explorative study, there were two choices of completion ways, technical or conceptual, but they used the procedural technique operational. Two conceptualizing process in solving the problem, it was constructing the algebraic representation of the function and organizing concepts. But, there is only one between the other where was effective and efficient of the process based on the perspective of the management theory. The first process was efficient by recognizing the function in algebraic and graphic representation. But, the second process affected the solution ineffective because all three students have been miss controlling the domain function concept even though it is a resource. So, an effective and efficient for learning is when students involving more conceptual knowledge.

The purpose of this article shows that sociomathematical norms can be raised through learning media. Sociomathematical norms are social norms related to problem-solving in mathematics learning. Sociomathematical norms can be formed from interactions between students or teachers in learning mathematics so that the culture of mathematics can be formed in a group or the class community at school. This preliminary study is not to create learning media that can improve the norms of sociomathematical but can only utilize conceptual by comparing various literature related to social norms, sociomathematical norms, and learning media. Theoretically, using visual media can improve sociomathematical norms, so that mathematical culture in the class can be formed. This is because visual learning media can be used by students to interact with the surrounding environment. In this regard, the teacher needs to prepare visual learning media to help mathematics learning so that the mathematics culture in the class can be formed

This research was conducted to explore the relationship between formal mathematics and Lingko, a system of traditional agricultural land distribution in Pocoleok, Manggarai-NTT Regency shaped like a spider web. Lingko was interesting to study concerning mathematics because of the philosophical values contained in Lingko and the Lingko sharing ceremony. This research focused on two things, namely: (1) how the distribution of ulayat land, Lingko, was mathematically reviewed while still paying attention to cultural values, and (2) how the community practiced mathematical concepts in the distribution of Lingko. The first focus of the problem was to uncover the mathematical activity of the distribution of ulayat land, Lingko, which was unknowingly carried out by the Pocoleok, Manggarai peoples. Knowledge gained from this first study might produce a new approach to learning mathematics, both from a mathematical or mathematical education perspective. The second focus of the problem sought to reveal the extent to which the basic concepts of Manggarai culture (following understanding) to solve mathematical problems faced in the reality of life. This second study provided more space for cultural-based mathematics learning, namely how to comprehend mathematical concepts based on contextual issues that arise in Manggarai culture.

Mathematical problem posing ability is considered as a necessity for students to support their learning achievement. Some students are good at mathematical problem posing ability; some others are not. To foster mathematical problem posing in students, it is required that an innovative learning model is applied. From so many innovative learning models, one that is considered appropriate to increase the mathematical problem posing of the student is project-activity-cooperative learning-exercise learning model. This is an experimental study using pretest and posttest control groups design. The instrument used tests. The research was conducted in three regular classes of 5^th-semester students of mathematics education who involved in a calculus course at IKIP Siliwangi, at a local university in Cimahi. A total of 123 students, comprises three classes A1, A2, and A3. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that there exists a different in the improvement of student's mathematical problem posing ability among those who received PACE model with GeoGebra (PACE-G), PACE model, and direct learning.

Mathematics becomes more meaningful for students with modeling, and students are interested in this approach. The purpose of this study is how is the modeling of high school mathematics using the context of Jembatan Musi 2 taught in high schools?. This study used design research. Based on pilot teaching, learning experiments, and retrospective analysis learning devices and students worksheet are obtained for teachers teaching mathematical modeling, using the context of Jembatan Musi 2.

This article is about research on the study of improving students' problem-solving abilities in the learning process using the Problem Based Learning learning model with the Metacognitive approach. This article also contains a study of the interaction between the learning model and the students' mathematical prior knowledge towards problem-solving abilities, and the study of student behavior in improving mathematical problem-solving skills. The research uses quantitative research methods with research subjects students in the experimental class and the control class. The research instrument consisted of tests of mathematical problem-solving abilities, observation sheets, and interview guidelines. Research findings include (1) the learning model used does not have a significant difference in mathematical problem-solving skills, both overall and based on prior mathematical knowledge, (2) the learning model used does not have a significant effect on improving mathematical problem-solving abilities, both overall and based on mathematical prior experience, and (3) there is no interaction between learning models and mathematical prior knowledge to improve mathematical problem solving abilities.

This article aims to analyze teachers' belief in mathematics teaching. Furthermore, this article will be used as a reference for a professional development program that the researcher is going to develop. This research is a case study with five respondents in a city in West Java, Indonesia. Semi-structured interviews towards five respondents were conducted using an interview guideline that refers to the instrument The Mathematical Development Beliefs Survey. The thematic analysis was used for data processing in this research. The result of the research revealed all respondents agreed that mathematics is a substantial part of early childhood education curriculum, contributes to the confidence of the students, development activities could be carried out, and early childhood is ready for mathematics. However, they are unsure and less confident in teaching mathematics and basic math knowledge. This research suggests that professional programs given should aim to boost teachers' belief in teaching mathematics.

The background of this study is the lack of ability of PGSD Siliwangi PGSD students to analyze innovative mathematics learning models. The purpose of this study was to improve the analysis and implementation skills of PGSD students regarding creative mathematics learning. The specific target to be achieved in this study is the formation of appropriate and efficient teaching materials in the implementation of elementary school mathematics learning internships. This study uses a quantitative approach and uses a quasi-experimental method. The population in this study were primary teacher education students of IKIP Siliwangi, while the sample consisted from 70 students are divided into 35 students in class A1 class of 2017 as an experimental group and 35 most students in class A2 class 2017 as a control group. The instrument used consisted of a written test regarding learning models, innovative, observation, and interviews. The results show that there is an increased ability to analyze student by using model-model innovative learning better than usual learning.

This study aims to describe the collaboration of students through lesson study for learning community in circle lesson. The data is obtained through the result of the observation and documentation of photos and videos. The subject of this study is second-grade students of Junior High Scholl at 1 Palembang. This is a descriptive qualitative study with PMRI approach. The learning process is done by doing a Jumping Task where students solve the problems individually and are encouraged to ask other students when difficulties are found. The use of lesson study for learning community has brought a positive impact for second-grade students like showing up a sense of care, decreasing the rise of competitiveness and creating collaboration among students in the learning process.

From outstanding issues, about UN questions in Indonesia adopted from the standard PISA/TIMSS. Skills in PISA questions can be used as a reference to knowing students' mathematics literacy skills. The challenge as a researcher now is to present questions that can be used for students practicing questions similar to PISA questions. The purpose of this article is to know students' mathematical literacy skills in solving PISA type math problems that researchers have developed. The research method in this article is a design research type of development study which consists of two stages, namely preliminary and formative evaluation. The preliminary stage consists of analysis and design. And the formative evaluation stage consists of self-evaluation, expert reviews, one-to-one, small groups, and field test. Students' mathematical literacy skills can be seen from the results of the field test. The mathematical literacy skills seen is communication skill, mathematizing skill, representation, reasoning and arguments skill, and skill to use mathematical tools.

Challenges for developing countries must certainly have students with high mathematical literacy abilities. The fact was Indonesian students in PISA math rankings are still not good; it because of the low mathematical literacy abilities of students. This article aimed to know the potential effects of PISA mathematics problems on students mathematical literacy abilities. The method in this study used a design research type of development study with the preliminary and formative evaluation stages. The evaluation flow at the prototyping stage was a formative study including the self-evaluation stage, expert review and one-to-one, small group, and field test. In this article, the discussion of the study was about the results of students' answers in the field test stage, questions that have potential effects that give rise to mathematical literacy abilities namely communication ability, mathematical ability, representation ability, reasoning, and argument ability, choose strategies to problem-solving ability, and use language and symbolic, formal and technical operation ability. With the dominant ability was communication ability.

Indonesia has experienced the improvement of the result of PISA despite its lower result besides other countries. Therefore, the result of this study is to find out the mathematical literacy ability of students in using PISA model questions in the context of coconut. This article also describes the ability of students in solving mathematical problems in the context of coconut. This is design research with two development studies types, namely preliminary and formative evaluation, which includes self-evaluation, expert reviews, one to one, small group, and field test. Based on the result of the analysis, the researcher showed that in solving the mathematical problem of PISA model in the context of a coconut tree, students mostly utilized to choose a strategy in solving the problem and communication ability.

One of the issues in mathematics education was many math problems requiring reasoning skills were included in the National Examination. This was part of the attempts to gradually adjust Indonesian standards to international standards such as PISA. The purpose of this article was to assess the potential effects of PISA-type math problem on students' math literacy abilities. The method used in this article was design research type development studies, which consist of 2 stages, preliminary and formative evaluation. The preliminary stage consists of analysis and design. In the formative assessment consists of self-evaluations, expert reviews, one-to-one, small groups, and field tests. The potential effect of the problem was indicated by the results in the field test stage. The mathematical literacy abilities that emerge were communication skills, mathematics, representation, reasoning, and arguments, choosing strategies in solving problems, and the ability to use language, symbolic, formal, and technical operations. Communication skills dominate over other mathematical literacy abilities.

By the characteristics of mathematics, which has the object of study is abstract, then the abstraction becomes an important part that can not be separated from mathematics. The development of abstraction theories, either directly or not, will be closely related to the process of learning mathematics in the classroom. Also, the rapid development of virtual manipulatives media in the world of mathematics education can bring a good influence on the learning process that takes place in the classroom. In this regard, this paper aims to examine theories of abstraction in mathematics and its possible implementation in mathematics education which is integrated with virtual manipulatives media to provide a choice to overcome various problems of learning mathematics. In the world of mathematics education, some abstract concepts in mathematics will be more easily learned through empirical abstraction processes such as introducing the concept of positive integers in students. However, when abstract concepts are not allowed to be empirically introduced to the students, the role of virtual manipulatives media can be one of the alternatives to choose from. Also, virtual media manipulatives can be utilized to facilitate the process of reflective abstraction and theoretical abstraction

The strategies used in solving problems can be influenced by cognitive style. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical critical thinking skills of junior high school students based on the cognitive style of Dependent Field and cognitive style Field Independent in solving SPLDV problems. The subject of this study consisted of 1 student who had the field-dependent cognitive style and 1 student who had the field-independent cognitive style chosen by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by administering the cognitive style test of the Embedded Figure Test Group, mathematical problem-solving tests, interview guidelines, and documentation. Data were analyzed based on FRISCO critical thinking category indicators (Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, Clarity, and Overview) in each step of problem-solving, namely understanding problems, arranging plans, implementing plans, and checking again. Data analysis is done by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that students who had the cognitive style of field-dependent and students who had the cognitive style FI had good critical thinking skills in each step of problem-solving according to Polya.

A teacher should present a lesson concept well, not just only using it to solve a question on exams. However, the teacher should make their students understand all of the concepts. This thing should be built since we are in a golden age or elementary school. Elementary school teacher should have better skills in teaching, because they teach a lesson base, especially mathematics. If students do not understand the base of mathematics, they will not be able to solve more complex mathematics problems. Therefore, logical thinking skill is needed for this, especially for an elementary school teacher. This research aims to see whether students of prospective elementary school teacher have a good logical thinking skill or not. To do so, we used the descriptive qualitative method. We presented an easy mathematics questions to see their logical thinking skills. The result shows that prospective elementary school teacher students did not have good logical thinking skills yet. They still should increase their logical thinking skills to be a better teacher. Their lecturer should have a better teaching concept to make a better elementary school teacher later.

The research was carried out to find out the impact of problem based learning toward the students' creative thinking in complex function subject. Experiment research was carried out to The population of this study was the fifth semester students of Mathematics Education Study Program in 2018/2019. The result showed that the achievement of students 'creative thinking that joined in problem-based learning class was better than the ones from conventional learning class of the drill method.

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively describe the effect of problem based learning (PBL) with didactical engineering (DE) on students' mathematical dispositions. The research method used was quasi-experimental, with the research design of Posttest-Only Design with Nonequivalent Groups. The population in this study were all eight grade students in one of the State Junior High Schools in Subang Regency and the samples involved were 43 students spread in two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. The instruments used in this study were mathematical disposition scale questionnaires and guidelines for observing teacher and student activities. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and the statistical test used was the t test, Mann-Whitney test, two-way ANOVA. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that learning factors influence the mathematical disposition of students but based on the PMA category does not affect the mathematical disposition, and there is no interaction between the learning model and the PMA category.

The self determination theory is the ability that allows an individual to choose and have several choices to determine an action. The problems experienced by the students related to SDT are the decreasing motivation of students to develop themselves, students are unable to be responsible and not sensitive to the feelings of others. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in SDT achievement of MPK student self determination theory (high, medium and low). This research method was quasi experiment with Post-test Only Control Design. Subjects in the study were 124 students. The learning process was carried out through Merrill's First Principles of Instruction and ordinary learning. The results shows that the average achievement of high, medium and low MPK on the self determination skill theory of students who received MFPI learning are better than those who received regular learning. In SDT indicator, autonomy and students relatedness who have high MPK are superior in comparison to medium and low MPK. The low MPK category is better on competence indicators compared to high MPK and medium MPK. MFPI learning should be an alternative learning for teachers in mathematics because in addition to improving student cognitive abilities.

This study aims to examine the achievement and improvement of mathematical proficiency and disposition of vocational students using multi-representation approach. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method. The population in this study were all students of class XI in one of the vocational schools in the city of Cimahi, while the sample was chosen by two classes, 1 control class that used the usual approach, one class again, the experimental class using a multi-representation approach. The instruments used were in a set of mathematical proficiency and non-test in aset of a questionnaire to measure students' mathematical dispositions. All data processing used SPSS. Based on the results of data processing, it was concluded that mathematical proficiency and mathematical disposition of vocational students whose learning using a multi-representation approach were better than the usual approach.

The purpose of the study is to examine whether or not there is an increase in students' critical and creative thinking skills using double-loop problem solving (DLPS) learning compared to ordinary learning. The method of this research is a quantitative method, with a pretest-posttest design. The population of this study involved all class VIII students in one of the Cimahi Junior High Schools, while the sample selected by two classes VIII consisted of the experimental class namely students who received DLPS learning and control classes namely students who received ordinary learning. The technique of processing N-gain scores using IBM-24 SPSS software. The results of this study are 1) increasing the ability of mathematical creative thinking of students who use DLPS learning better than students who use ordinary learning and 2) increasing the ability of mathematical critical thinking students who use DLPS learning is no better than students who use ordinary learning. In general it can be concluded that DLPS learning can improve students 'creative mathematical thinking skills but have not been able to improve students' mathematical critical thinking skills, especially in junior high school.

The Mathematical understanding has been studied before, but no research has a focus on mathematical understanding and adversity quotient (AQ) of the pre-service mathematics teacher. This study is experimental research that aims to know about the influence of AQ of pre-service mathematics teacher toward the achievement of mathematical understanding ability. The population of this study is the pre-service mathematics teacher in Cimahi City, West Java, Indonesia; while the sample is 55 pre-service mathematics teachers selected purposively. The results show that: (1) AQ gives positive influence to the development of mathematical understanding ability of pre-service mathematics teacher with the influence of 57.3%, while the rest of it (42.7%) is influenced by other factors outside AQ; (2) there are differences in achievement in mathematical understanding ability of pre-service mathematics teacher based on AQ level (climber, camper, quitter).

Project-based learning requires students to explore and combine their knowledge and skills to solve problems in groups for a certain time. Through the development of project-based teaching materials, students learn to apply theory in an activity that produces experience, so that learning is expected to be more meaningful and improve the students' mathematical understanding. This study aimed to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching materials based on project learning to improve the students' mathematical understanding, especially on the applied statistics course. The stages of this study consisted of design and development, product validation by 3 experts, limited testing of 10 students, and field testing of 97 students. The results show that the teaching material has fulfilled the valid, practical, and effective aspects used in learning because it increases the ability of students' mathematical understanding by 15.8%.

The purpose of this study was to apply peer tutoring learning to improve students' mathematical understanding skills. The method used in the study was a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test post-test control group design. The place of research was conducted in one of the universities in Banten. Samples were taken by two classes purposively. The research sample chosen consisted of two classes, namely 39 students in the experimental class and 38 students in the control class. The research instrument used was a test of comprehension ability. Data analysis is used in processing N-Gain results. The results of the study show that: 1) the achievement of the ability of mathematical understanding of students who study with peer tutoring learning is better than students who study conventionally; 2) improvement in students' mathematical understanding ability in experimental class (peer tutoring) better than control class (conventional).

This study aims to analyze the improvement of geometric reasoning abilities of students of SMA Negeri 1 Sampara, Kabupaten Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Here, we compare three models of learning; (1) STAD cooperative model by GeoGebra assisted; (2) a model of the STAD cooperative without assistance from GeoGebra; and (3) conventional learning models. This study was applied to three different classes, where each class consisted of the high, medium, and low motivation students. Data collection was done by giving a mathematics learning motivation questionnaire and giving a test of students' geometric reasoning abilities. The data analysis technique uses inferential statistics to test normal assumptions and homogeneity and hypothesis testing using the One-Way ANOVA Test. Based on the results of the study showed that the effect of using the STAD type cooperative learning model with the help of GeoGebra was higher when compared to the other two models. That difference occurs at all levels of motivation. On the other hand, the STAD model without GeoGebra only affects high and moderate motivation students. Meanwhile, low motivation students did not show significant differences with the direct learning model.

Students' mathematical connection is one of ability that students must have. However, one of the reasons that student's mathematical connection is still poor is the lack of enthusiasm of students while learning mathematics, and learning that does not give flexibility to students to empower the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to have an alternative learning that can develop students' mathematical connection. The purpose of this study is to find out students' enhancement in mathematical connecting ability who worked under brain-based learning model and students' who worked under expository learning model and the effect of brain based learning model on enhancing mathematical connection ability. This study used a quasi-experimental method. The subject in this research was 49 students from 2 classes in one of junior high schools, in Subang, West Java, selected by applying purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were mathematical connection test and attitude scale. Based on the results it was concluded that: (1) students' enhancement in mathematical connecting ability who worked under brain-based learning model is higher than that of students' who worked under expository learning model; and (2) the students' who worked under brain-based learning model showed positive attitude toward mathematics lesson.

Research studied for examine differences in habits of mind students' candidate teacher between the learners use metacognitive approach with usually approach. Method in this research was a quasi-experiment, because existence manipulation treatment in the form of gift metacognitive approach. Population in research is all students candidate teacher at IKIP Siliwangi, while the sample selected two class from force in 2016. The instrument used in research was a set of questionnaire which contains 32 question. Processing data entirely use Microsoft Excel and SPSS 22. From the results data processing obtained conclusion that habits of mind students' candidate teacher whose learning using metacognitive approach better than from usually approach

The research was aimed to show that developing a learning media impacted to improve students ability in mathematical learning. The process implementated the application of VBA for microsoft word in mathematical learning. The formulation of the problem in this research are whether 1) can developing media assisted VBA for microsoft word improve mathematical ability? 2) Did Students show positive response in learning process? ADDIE was used as approach in this research. There are five stages in ADDIE approach. Population of this research was in group with 34 samples of vocational students. The instruments are cognitive test, interview and observation. Based on the results of the process, there was an increasing in mathematical ability of vocational students in trigonometry lesson through media VBA for microsoft word. The implementation of learning process through media VBA for microsoft word was success. Students enjoyed the process, active, responsive, and enthusiastic. The conclusions are the developing of media VBA for microsoft word can improve mathematical ability of vocational students before and after using media, and students showed positive response to learn by media in trigonometry.

Visualization ability (spatial ability) is needed in understanding integral calculus. This article discusses changes in the spatial ability of a student in constructing graphs of functions to determine the volume of the solid of revolution after obtaining treatment. The treatment is in the form of questions that encourage the subject to be able to construct the graph correctly. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a single subject. The subject in this study was 6^th semester student of mathematics education study program at one of the private universities in Yogyakarta. The selection of a subject from 44 students was done by giving a question about the volume of the solid of revolution. The subject is asked to constructing the solid of revolution graphic and determine its volume using integral. The selection of subjects by purposive random sampling based on the uniqueness of the answers to the problems given and good communication skills. The results of the study show that giving treatment can help increase a student's spatial ability gradually. Before getting treatment, a subject is still not right in constructing volume of the solid of revolution graphic. After getting treatment, there is a gradual change in spatial ability.

The purpose of this paper is to know attitude of students of elementary school teacher education towards mathematics learning. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The sample is taken using cluster random sampling from second and fourth semester students of elementary school teacher education. Instrument used in this research is questionnaire. The results of the research show that the attitude of elementary school teacher education student at Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa towards learning mathematics in the very high category.

Self-efficacy (SE) and critical mathematical thinking skills (MCTS) have been studied extensively. But study about the correlation of both based on student's cognitive stages (SCS) is rarely done. This study involved 25 students from seventh grade determined by purposive sampling technique in one of the schools in Cimahi. The instrument used the Longeot test, Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT), an Essay MCTS, and a scale of SE. Data analysis performed: percentage calculation, testing of mean difference, and correlations testing at a significance level of 5%. Based on the results and discussion it was concluded that, in general, the SCS classification of seventh grade students based on the Longeot Test and TOLT scores was obtained 24% of students were in the concrete stage, 68% of students were in the transition stage, and 8% of students were in the formal stage. This means that most seventh grade students are in the transition stage. There are differences in MCTS based on SCS in a very weak category. There is no difference in SE based on SCS with enough categories. The relations of SE and MCTS based on SCS is not significant in the low category.

This study discussed the exploration of mathematical concepts in Traditional Mat, Loce, as a product of Manggarai culture. This study aimed to describe the mathematical ideas contained in the Traditional Mat, Loce, Manggarai and how the linkages between the concepts found in the traditional mats, Loce, Manggarai and the topic of learning in schools. This research was qualitative research with ethnographic methods. Data collections were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study consisted of 4 people, namely community leaders who could carry out Rojok Loce activities and the craftsmen. The results of this study indicated that there were several mathematical concepts found in the traditional mat, Loce, and had links in the topic of Mathematics learning in the school, namely the idea of fraction distribution, measurement, burial and measurement of the area of the flat building. The concept of fraction is when a craftsman mats a strand of pandanus leaves into several parts with an unequal size, the idea of measurement is still using traditional measurements of pagat and depa which are used to measure the length and width of the mat, the concept of mating during the mat making process the same form unit square to produce a mat and the concept of measuring the area of flat building when the mat is finished.

The purpose of this paper is to describe: 1) number of items in the elementary school mathematics national examination tryout test containing DIF gender and pattern; 2) functionality of differential tests on elementary school mathematics national examination tryout test tool organized by the Pythagoras tutoring institute. This study is a quantitative explorative descriptive study with a type of case research, because it describes the characteristics of the elementary school mathematics national examination tryout tests device and is not generalizable. The amount of data used comes from the answer patterns of 919 students consisting of 431 female students and 488 male students. As for the results of this study are: 1) the elementary school mathematics national examination tryout test kit has a different power ranging from 0.282 to 1,129 and the level of grain difficulty ranges from -3,365 to 2,838; 2) Items in the elementary school mathematics national examination try out test containing 34 items or as much as 87.2%; 3) the elementary school mathematics national examination tryout test kit benefited the female group in theta > -3.06 which was seen from the DTF (differential test function) graph in the male and female groups.

The aim of this research is to enhance learning independence and self ability of exceptional children. The implementation of learning was assited by the application of VBA for excel games in mathematical learning. The formulation of the problem in this research are whether 1) developing media assisted VBA for excel games can enhance learning independence and self ability of exceptional children? 2) using open ended approach? 3) Did exceptional children have a positive respons in this learning? The approach used in this research is ADDIE which consists of five stage. Population of this study was in group which amounted to 17 samples of exceptional children. The instruments of research are cognitive test and observation. Based on the results of the research, there was an increase in learning independence and self ability of exceptional children through VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games. While the implemention of learning media applied in exceptional children was success. Children showed bravery, active, enthusiastic, responsive, and excited when the process of learning took place.

This paper is a little practical reflection of the idea proposed by Freudenthal in his book titled 'Revisiting Mathematics Education'. Theoretically, a fundamental study of more philosophical mathematical meanings was discussed by Freudenthal through the terms 'wiskunde' and 'wiskunst'. In essence, wiskunde means mathematics as an exact science, while wiskunst means an art in mathematics and science. Although there has been a lot of research that shows the success of RME in learning, the results of research that can contrast explicitly how the wiskunde and wiskunst phenomena work in the process of solving mathematical problems are still rarely found. This study aims to see the tendency of students towards the phenomenon of wiskunde or wiskunst in working on elementary math problems then describe the psychological factors and impacts that might be influential. This study used literature review and qualitative methods through the interview process for students who were given two elementary school math problems. Four out of forty students from fourth semester were chosen to be interview respondents to represent variations of the unique answers. Data analysis was carried out through a hermeneutic approach to student answers and interview transcripts. Research shows that the wiskunde phenomenon looks more dominant than wiskunst. This is thought to be related to the symptoms of psychological blockages of student's college who are predominantly working on elementary math problems still using the very formal formulas, they should still be able to show a way of thinking like an elementary school kid. The impact of this wiskunde tendency indicates the 'matherate' of students who have become blunt. The contrast of wiskunde and wiskunst's character and its reflection to the philosophy of education are discussed boldly in this paper.

This research aims to learn and analyze the capability of the student's mathematical material connection with vector analysis. The Data collected are the result of test instruments and interview result with several students. The method of this research uses descriptive qualitative method. The subject of this research is Siliwangi Teachers' Training Students who have taken material vector analysis. Based on the Data from the analysis of the test results of the mathematical connection of the problem indicator, the first indicator percentage is Obtained items, namely finding the relationship between the various concepts of representation and procedures, then understanding the relationship between mathematical topics, the presentation is 41.25%. The second indicator of understanding the equivalent representations of the same concept, the presentation is 67.5%. The third presentation indicator, using mathematics in other fields of study or in daily life is 65%. As for the fourth indicator, use an evaluation of the relationship between mathematical topics and the mathematical topic outside is 47.5%. The results of the interviews show that students sometimes forget to use formula prerequisite concepts as material.

The research was conducted at University Muhammadiyah of Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta which involved three years academic level students (2012, 2014, 2015) at mathematics education department that have taken seven compulsory subjects. The students' performance consisted of mid test, final test and GPA meanwhile, the factors which influenced the students' achievement were gender and education background. This research study, there were seven variables which consisted of independent and dependent variables. Structural Equation Modelling was conducted to analyse the final model in predicting influenced factors of GPA. This research study used SmartPLS software to analyze contribution of each variables to the final outcome and dependent variable. The results of the study provide that gender was significantly influence their performance on their GPA. Education background were not directly influence their achievement in GPA but through mid test. The result study showed that final test was influenced by mid test score.

In learning mathematics mathematical connections ability is one of the mathematical ability that must be possessed by students. The strong connection between concepts in mathematics implies that mathematical connections ability also contains other mathematical aspects or vice versa. Viewing mathematics as a whole is very important in learning and thinking about connections between topics in mathematics. This study uses qualitative research methods with phenomenology research design types. The participants in this study were 8 middle school mathematics teachers who taught at different schools. This study uses a short interview form which consists of five open questions to determine the teacher's understanding of mathematical connection ability. It was found that middle school math teachers had sufficient comprehensive and adequate knowledge of their views on mathematical connection ability, moreover there were also respondents who could not provide examples of mathematical problems that contained the characteristics of mathematical connection ability even though they were able to define what mathematical connection is. Likewise, the development of teachers in mathematical connection ability in learning is still limited to the scope of the relationship of mathematics with mathematics itself and mathematics with everyday life.

The aim of this research was to determine mathematics teachers' perception on ICT and manipulative materials as learning media, discover the difference between the usage of ICT and manipulative materials as learning media among participants responses based on their region and school level. A survey was designed within two domains, the usability of both ICT and manipulative materials and the importance of using both ICT and manipulative materials. The sample used was 84 mathematics teachers (29 Elementary, 41 Junior-High, and 14 Senior-High) for perception toward ICT and 81 mathematics teachers (33 Elementary, 36 Junior High, and 12 Senior High) for perception toward manipulative materials. They teach at various schools in marginal area of Indonesia. The findings revealed that in both media and domains, the participants' perception logit means differ significantly. Findings unveiled significant differences between the usage of ICT and manipulative materials and so did the importance of ICT and manipulative materials. They have a better perception of the use of manipulatives than ICT.

This study aimed at identifying the obstacles of mathematics-teacher-students based on Boero's proving model. This study was conducted using a mix method by applying sequential explanatory strategy. The stages of the research were carried out by taking the quantitative data and revealing the qualitative data using semi-structured interviews. In the result of this study, it was found that most of mathematics-teacher-students had difficulties in constructing geometrical proofs of each Boero's proving model. Even in the phase of writing formal proof, there were only 6.67% of students could write fully in the cases of indirect proving. There were 13.33% of students in the cases of direct proving. This study concluded several obstacles which students faced in constructing the geometrical proofs formally in each phase of Boero' proving model. The obstacles included: the difficulty in making a diagrammatic sketch of conjecture which was completely made with the correct geometrical notation; the difficulty in knowing of cause-effect of geometrical problems to be proved, if it involved some conditional sentences; inability to write a conjecture made in the form of geometrical symbols, formulas and axiomatic deduction; the difficulty in selecting a valid statement of the conjecture made and the difficulty in writing formal proof.

This study aims to determine students' mathematical reasoning abilities in systems of linear equations and applications. This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. The population in this study were all students of class VIII in one of the Junior High Schools in Bandung with a total sample of 32 students. The research instrument used was in the form of a test of mathematical reasoning. The research method used is qualitative research design. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the mathematical reasoning ability of junior high school students in SPLDV material is still low.

Divisibility concept is fundamental to the development of another concept in elementary number theory. A study of the construction of the divisibility advanced mathematics teacher was done to provide empirical evidence of early genetic decomposition design. Through the question, we designed in the form of test sheets and interview, we explorer the construction of 3 students. The result of this qualitative study illustrated that construction of the divisibility concept on the problem solving of number theory represented in algebra.

This research is aimed to explore the cognitive load of learners in the learning process of rotating object volume as well as to provide alternative solutions in managing the intrinsic cognitive load, reducing the extraneous cognitive load as well as improving the germane cognitive load. This research was conducted in Muhammadiyah Purworejo Senior High School with the 3 (three) learners from XII grade as the subjects. The purposive sampling technique was used to determine the research subject. The data collecting method used were test and interview. The data were analyzed by using a qualitative descriptive analysis. This research has provided the results which show that the occurrence of intrinsic cognitive load in the learning process of a rotating object volume is caused by the amount of interactivity elements that have to be studied and the complexity of material learned. The interacting elements are Arithmetic, Algebra, the intersection between two curves, the concept and rule of integration, while the elements of material complexity are the difficulties in imagining the rotating object, and conducting the algebra operation. The occurrence of extraneous cognitive load in the learning process of rotating object volume is caused by the way of teacher delivering the meaningless materials as well as the absence of geometric illustration from the teaching performed by teacher. The next discussion is regarding the germane cognitive load in the learning process of rotating object volume, it is known that this cognitive load is very low. This condition is caused by the learning process in class that tends to be more conventional as well as the minimum activities of learners in studying the materials.

The study aims to produce Open-Ended based mathematics problems that can be used to measure the high-level thinking abilities of seventh-grade junior high schools' students. The study is developmental research using Plomp model, consisting of the preliminary stage, the prototyping stage, and the assessment phase. The subject was seventh-grade students of junior high school. The teaching material used was about numbers learned at seventh-grade junior high school. Based on the results of the development, it was obtained 15 open-ended based problems in which 12 of them possibly have various answers, and 3 have various possibilities ways of answering. The problems developed are valid with the criteria of the developed problem based on content, the problems have diverse answers or various ways to answer, problems can measure high-level thinking skills; analyzing, evaluating, and creating, and the content of the material is fit to the material about numbers. The problems use clear construct images, clear instructions for working on, adapted Standard Indonesian Spelling System or EYD language, and appropriate sentences to seventh-grade knowledge level, disuse of misinterpreted expressions as well. Related to practicality, it is obtained that students and teachers can use the problem and do it well. The teacher can use it to evaluate students' high-order thinking skills.

This study aims to analyze series of Indonesia mathematics textbooks by observing whole tasks and its association with contextual features in geometry topic presented in the textbook. The study was carried out as there are only few studies conducted research on analysis of a textbook for geometry topic. A research method used in the study was textbook research employed in this study to achieve the purpose. The analysis was performed for 9 textbooks from 3 different well-known publishers (Kemendikbud, Erlangga and Yudhistira). Results show that it is more than 25% in average of whole pages in the textbook present geometry topic and there are more than 80% of geometric questions in the textbook belong to intra-mathematical context that is question not related to the real life. Details and further discussion will be elaborated in this paper.

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the effectiveness of utilizing Geogebra in improving students' mathematical communication skill viewed from academic level. This study is a mixed method research which combines both quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential explanatory strategy. The population was the second semester students of Mathematics Education and used purposive sampling technique. The result of this study showed that there was effectiveness of using Geogebra in improving students' mathematical communication skill viewed from their academic level. The students felt that their skill improved and developed through Geogebra-assisted Directed Instruction learning.

The aim of this study is to develop an innovative teaching and learning module in Linear Algebra assisted by Maple. This study used Research and Development (R&D) with 4D (Define, Design, Development and Dissemination) model as its methodology developed by Thiagarajan, but in this study, the methodology is limited up until Development stage only. Two instruments were used in this study: expert validation sheets and students response sheets. These instruments were used to determine the validity of this module. Validity analysis on three expert validator gave draft I as the result meanwhile validity analysis on the students response gave draft II as the result. In this study we used 4 months research on 2015 Mathematics Education Department students, IKIP Siliwangi. The result of this study show that expert validity learning module is said to be valid with the results of validation from three expert validators having a value of 4.1 on a scale of 5 with very high validity of 58.82%. Limited trial for students showed a value of 3.44 on a scale of 5 with moderate validity of 63.16%.

This paper discusses the effect of the Problem Based Learning model with the Metacognitive approach (PBLM) on achieving students mathematical resilience. This study also discusses the interaction between learning models with mathematical prior knowledge towards mathematical resilience abilities. This research is a quantitative study, with two classes as research subjects namely the experimental class and the control class. The research instrument uses a scale of mathematical resilience, interview guidelines, and observation sheets. Research findings obtained include: (1) the learning model used does not have a significant difference to the achievement of mathematical resilience, both overall and based on the mathematical prior knowledge (MPK) (2) the achievement of mathematical resilience abilities of students who get learning with PBLM learning models is not significantly better than students who get conventional learning as a whole or based on MPK, and (3) there is no effect of interaction between the learning model used with MPK on achieving students' mathematical resilience abilities.

This research is conducted due to low mathematical abstraction ability of junior high school students, since that mathematical abstraction is an important skill for both male and female students so that it is considered important to study gender factors for mathematical abstraction abilities. The objective of this research is to find out whether there is a significant difference between male and female mathematical abstraction abilities after using scientific approach supported by Excel VBA. This research was conducted to 16 female students and 15 male students of 9th grade at one of the junior high schools in West Bandung, Indonesia. The method in this study is quasi experimental by comparing the abstraction abilities of male and female students after being through by scientific approach assisted by Excel VBA. The instrument of this research is 3 questions about mathematical abstraction questions. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in mathematical abstraction between male and female students for some indicators after using the Scientific approach assisted by VBA Excel, this means the Scientific approach which assisted by Excel VBA can show the differences of mathematical abstraction between male and female students.

Someone who has critical thinking ability can use the exact criteria to evaluate an argument. This engages critical thinking to determine whether a claim or an argument which has been given is correct or not and whether the sentence which has been given is included an argument or not. To determine it, there must be clear evidence and logic explanation. The aim of this study is to investigate the argument in critical thinking ability. The students are asked to determine whether the information which has been given by the researcher is included an argument or not and give the reason. The information that is given by the researcher is in the form of triangle congruent evidence. The subject is the students in mathematics education who consist two people with criteria moderate (female student) and high academic ability (male student). This study is descriptive qualitative research. This result study was the student who had high academic ability was still not able to analyze more detail about an argument so he was called he did not have critical thinking ability. While the student who had moderate academic ability had been able to analyze that the information which was given was included an argument or not and was able to justify it so it could be concluded that she had critical thinking ability. It could decipherable that the student who had high academic ability was not sure understood about an argument.

One of the main obstacles in crop cultivation is the occurrence of fungal infections. Fungal spores can spread due to direct contact between susceptible hosts and infected hosts, which can be controlled using botanical fungicides. We constructed a mathematical model of the growth of logistics on the spread of plant diseases. From this model, we show the value of the Basic Reproduction Number (ℜ₀) of plant diseases transmission. The value of ℜ₀ is obtained by finding the largest eigenvalue of the next generation matrix. The results obtained show that when ℜ₀ is greater than one (ℜ₀ > 1), the endemic equilibrium point will be stable. However, if ℜ₀ is less than one (ℜ₀ < 1), the endemic equilibrium point is unstable. In addition, the results of this discussion indicate that using botanical fungicides can reduce the infected host population. We provide numerical simulations to describe the results of the analysis obtained.

Mathematics instructional activities, regarding to Indonesia curriculum, are emphasized to High Order Thinking Skills and the use of ICT. This article describes the review of digital mathematics tasks HOTS type which was designed. The review itself is a part of a design research purposing to produce a valid and practical digital mathematics task, and having potential effect to train students' high order thinking skills. Data were gathered through expert review documents. The result showed that digital mathematics tasks designed were mostly suitable with content, context, mathematical thinking process, and level of High Order Thinking Skills. For all digital mathematics tasks that have been designed, expert reviews suggested to give explanations of HOTS level category of tasks given.

The industrial era 4.0 emphasizes the pattern of digital economy, artificial intelligence, big data, robotic, and destructive innovation phenomena whose challenges are far more severe. The work style that is in accordance with these conditions is the work style of an entrepreneur who has the elements of being able to anticipate change, visionary, think strategically, flexibly, initiate change, be oriented towards the future. The thought process that is expected to form individuals to get used to the entrepreneur's work style includes the process of mathematical thinking. Research examines the relationship between the mathematical thinking ability and entrepreneur's work style. The research method uses descriptive correlational with a quantitative approach. The research subjects consisted of 55 employees at one of the private universities. The instrument is a mathematical thinking ability questionnaire and an entrepreneur work style questionnaire. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the mathematical thinking and the entrepreneur's work style. The mathematical thinking ability significantly affects the entrepreneur's work style. Relations that occur are categorized as strong and unidirectional. The better the individual's mathematical thinking ability lead to the better the individual entrepreneur's work style. The mathematical thinking ability in the research subject is dominant with a score of 4, meaning that employee involvement in organizational development can be relied upon. The entrepreneur's work style in the research subject is also dominant with a score of 4, meaning that the work style of the employee supports in facing the challenges of the organization in the industrial era 4.0.

The contents from process of learning are individuals changing in cognitive aspect, behaviour, ability and habitual as a product and interaction with its domain. Learning is the process to construct our knowledge by experience transformation. This research objective to analyse the students' self-efficacy can be increased by transformative learning model. The method in this research is mix method design and the kind of this method is explanatory sequential method. The populations of this research are all of the 2nd grader mathematics education bachelor degree students in Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang and the samples are 30 students were randomly selected. This research was done in researcher's own class in order that the subjectivity of data processing and conclusion are maintained.. Data collection methods used is the questionnaire method, learning process observation sheet, documentation, and interview. Data analyse technique used t-test and likert scale. It can be concluded that reviewed based on the overall student and the level of student ability, the students who are given the model of transformative learning have the self-efficacy in carrying out certain tasks or actions needed to achieve desired results better and increased previous. It can be said that the Transformative Learning model can improve students' self-efficacy

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Knisley's mathematical model on students' mathematical critical thinking skills based on gender. The research sample consisted of two classes in class 2018 in one of the PTS Cimahi. The research instrument was a test of mathematical critical thinking skills. The analysis technique uses ANAVA with IBM SPSS Statistics 24 application. Overall the results of this study are that there is no interaction seen between the learning model carried out with gender differences because there is still a mismatch between the interactions obtained by the significance value and the general average, especially those which indicate the average mathematical thinking ability of male students men who use the Knisley mathematical model are lower than male students who use the normal learning model and the average mathematical thinking ability of male students who use Knisley's mathematical model is lower than female students.

This research's aims to produce applied mathematics learning materials for Nautical Science grade III based on CO-PROL (Cooperative On Problem Based Learning) models which is valid, practicable and effective.This study was a research and development (RnD) with Branch (ADDIE) model which is consisted of 5 (five) steps, those are: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4)Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. The quality of learning resouce is determined based on Nieveen criteria, including validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The subject of this research were 36 cadets of Nautical Science Yogyakarta Maritime Academy. The research instrument included validation and observation sheets for learning implementation, questionnaires for lecturers and cadets, and the instrument of effectiveness of learning resouces. The data analysis technique is a quantitative descriptive technique.The result shows that the teaching materials are valid, practicable, and effective in terms of improving cadets' learning outcomes

This study aims to thoroughly investigate how the equilibrium of pre-service teacher in the probability theory course through learning based on Valsiner theory. The method used is descriptive qualitative by taking as many as one experimental class as a sample to be traced. It was concluded that through observations and short interviews it could be shown that in the first and second meetings, students were still experiencing cognitive conflict so that there was no equilibirium in students. then at the third, fourth meeting and the next meeting students have shown a positive response so that a balance or equilibrium can be seen from each student representative's response through the given teaching material and also through inter-group discussions between groups so that there is uniformity of knowledge and no longer heterogeneous

The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyse the improvement of mathematical lateral thinking ability of high school students as an outcome of quantum learning based on creative problem solving, both viewed as a whole and each level of initial mathematical ability (high, medium, and low), and gender (male and female). This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was high school students in the city of Bogor, while the sample was taken from four classes in a school. The data obtained through tests of lateral thinking skills and mathematical initial ability data, as well as the results of observations and interviews. The results showed that students who received quantum learning based on creative problem solving had a higher mathematical lateral thinking ability than students who received direct learning, whether as a whole and each level of initial mathematical ability or as every gender.

The purpose of this study to create a product of learning media based ICT in the from of mathemmatics education games. Mathematics education games is a software to learn mathematic especially made for kindegarden to help learning process in 2013 curicullum. This research methode use design research with three cycles. In this cycle describe about six young childrens tested wiht small group in research for the second step after literature riview. The result of studyis got that by the issue of improvement in the process of presenting the game so it will improve the design and validity and it will be tested. Interestingly, the student didn't relize that the process is math learning and the curoisity to solve the game is improve. The student never use this kind of ICT before. Next, by improve skill and knowledge that is got during the game as a strating point that will be continue to the other activity that center in the curiousity earlychildhood.

The utilization of land in Sumbawa District to produce corn will effect cutting trees new land fields it's not paddy field. It has effect on environment. Those such as lack of water in ground, flood, and soon. Henceforth this research aim at making optimation model cutting tree for new land could enhance the productivity of corn and making appropriate model to optimize of farmers benefit by using simplex method. Therefore, this study aims to create an optimization model for new land clearing to improve corn productivity and make the right model to optimize the benefits of corn farmers with the simplex method. This research is a literature study with the main subject of the simplex method. Based on the results of the data analysis using the simplex method, the maximum production of corn in 2019 was 701984 tons of corn with a paddy field area of 44198.5 hectares and 55292.5 hectares of land not paddy fields.

Representations play an essential role in solving mathematical problems. By using representations, problems that initially seem difficult and complicated can be seen more easily and simply. Semiotics is simply defined as the sign-using to represent a mathematical concept in a problem-solving. In Peirce's theory, semiotic consists of three aspects, namely sign, object, and interpretant. Semiotic reasoning is a process of deducing a conclusion based on the object, sign (representamen), and students interpretation in interpreting the meaning of the sign (interpretant). This paper aims to identify students' mathematical representations of semiotics reasoning in solving fraction problems. This study employed a qualitative approach and used an explorative descriptive type. The participants of the present study were three third grade students. The results show that the first participant used verbal, visual, and symbolic representation. The emerging visual representation was an image. The second participant solved problems by using verbal and visual representations. The visual representation that appears was a diagram. While, the third participant solved problems by using verbal, visual, and symbolic representations. The emerging visual representations were image and diagram. The conclusion is the participants used multiple representations, namely visual, verbal, and symbolic representations in solving problems.

This article is a summary of some second year research reports of the three years research plan financed by Directorate of Research and Community Service (DRCS). This research aims to develop a learning model based on Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction (ARCS) theory oriented towards Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) that was applied to mathematical statistics course. The stages of development of this learning model were following Plomp's learning model development process. Plomp's model has three stages namely: (1) preliminary stage; (2) prototype stage; (3) assessment stage. After went through experts validation process, appeal validation, and several revisions, in this second year, the implementation of this research had stepped on the beginning of assessment stage, limited trial. At this stage, technical assessment was carried out using practicality and effectiveness tests. Main focus of this stage is on field trials to find out whether the prototype model and all learning tools that have been produced are practical and effective. The field trials were conducted at three universities in North Sumatera, namely Undergraduate and Graduate School of State University of Medan, Undergraduate and Graduate School of Muslim Nusantara Medan University and Graduate School of Asahan University. This paper is only reporting the field trial's result done in Undergraduate School of Mathematics Education Program in State University of Medan. In State University of Medan, the trial was held twice. First was in class A followed by 21 students and second was in class B followed by 40 students. From the results of the first and second trials obtained that all of the learning tools consist of student textbook, lecturer hand book, student work sheets, and other supporting tools indicated high validity. Moreover, there is an enhancement of students' ability to understand about mathematical statistics. Highest score in the first trial significantly increased from 80.5 to 94.5 in the second trial. While lowest score also significantly increased from 40,5 to 58,0 and average score increased from 63.5 to 74.4 in the second trial.

This study aims to obtain the explanation of mathematical creative thinking skills based on visual and kinesthetic learning styles from mathematical communication skills. The subject of this study is a collection of scores on mathematical creative thinking abilities, learning styles and mathematical communication skills of 26 students of the Laboratory High School UPI, tenth-grade (14 students of visual learning styles and 12 students of kinesthetic learning styles). This study is a comparative causal study. Analysis of data using ANCOVA because in this study involved one dependent variable namely the ability of interval-scale creativity and two independent variables namely category-scale learning style and interval-scale mathematical communication skills as well as covariates. The results of the study show that;1) there is a linear relationship between mathematical communication skills and creative thinking abilities, which that the assumption of ANCOVA is fulfilled;2) there are differences in creative thinking skills between students who have a visual learning style with students kinesthetic learning styles without regard to mathematical communication skills, and based on the average creative thinking abilities of with kinesthetic learning styles higher than visual learning styles;3) there is a simultaneous influence between mathematical communication skills and learning styles towards creative thinking abilities.

The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of the application of collaborative problem-solving learning to students' problem-solving abilities. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design. The sample used in this study consisted of 75 students consisting of 37 students in the experimental class and 38 students in the control class in one of Pekanbaru Riau Middle School, Indonesia. The instrument in this study was the student's initial ability test before being given treatment and tests after being given the Collaborative Problem Solving learning treatment. In this study found that learning Collaborative Problem Solving models are effective for improving the mathematical problem-solving abilities of junior high school students from students who receive conventional learning.

Content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge are two most important aspects of teaching. Therefore, this research is motivated by the importance of pedagogical content knowledge for pre-service teacher students. The purpose of this study is to analyze PCK that is owned by pre-service teachers when teaching quadrilateral material. The method of this study is a qualitative carried out to obtain an in-depth picture of the pre-service teacher's PCK in the process of learning activities. The sample of this study is taken by 3 students of mathematics teacher candidates who conducting field practice in a junior high school. The instruments of this study are in the form of questionnaires and observation sheets to analyze PCK of teacher candidates, pre-learning questionnaires are used to analyze pre-service teachers in making learning plans as many as 6 indicators, and questionnaires in-learning are used to analyze PCK of teacher candidates in delivering material, mastering concepts and choosing methods in line with 20 Indicators. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the PCK of pre-service teacher students in the quadrilateral material belonged to the classification good enough in developing strategies, making lesson plans, in the learning process and mastery of concepts.

This study aims to reveal student algebraic problem-solving errors based on Polya and Newman hierarchical indicator. The subject was a study of 30 students of grade VII in one of the junior high school located in the Timor Tengah Utara, NTT, Indonesian, 2018/2019 period. Process of collecting data used tests and interviews. The result of the student problem-solving ability test was grouped into three parts, namely 5 of the student in the low category, 20 of the student in the medium category, and 5 of students in the high category. The result of the analysis based on Polya indicator indicated that a group of low students made an error on all indicators. The medium of category students made an error in carrying out the plan and looking back. For those in the high category, they make an error in looking back indicator. While the result of the analysis was based on Newman hierarchical indicator that a group of low students made an error ranging from comprehension to encoding. Group medium student makes an error in the process skill and encoding process. For those in the high category, they tend to make an error at the encoding indicator.

This research is motivated by the low mathematical connection ability of students, with the aim of the study is to examine the improvement of junior high school students mathematical connection ability through learning using Geogebras software-assisted metaphorical thinking approach. The method in this study is an experimental method with a posttest-pretest control group research design. The research test instrument consisted of 5 test questions of mathematical connection ability. The population of this study was all junior high school students in Kabupaten Bandung Barat, while the sample was one of junior high school at Kabupaten Bandung Barat. The experimental class obtained learning with the Geogebra software-assisted metaphorical thinking approach, and the control class gained regular learning. The data obtained from the results of the normalized gain test, which were processed through normality tests, and Mann-Whitney test using IBM SPSS 23. The results of the study showed that the achievement of the two classes was still in the moderate category, although the increase in mathematical connection ability between students get learning using the GeoGebra software assisted metaphorical thinking approach is significantly better than students who get regular learning.

Students' beliefs and attitudes towards mathematics influences learning process. In other words students who have a positive disposition towards mathematics tend to study and learn mathematics seriously and confidently. Students have the abilities to assess and perceive, and assess themselves in solving mathematical problem, comparing their learning process with other students, communicating with teachers or other students, academic achievement. Self-perception related to academic aspects is called academic self-concept (ASC). This study aims at investigating aspects of students' ASC in the constructivism learning model. This study is experimental in nature and was conducted in a public senior high school in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The sample of this research consists of 10th-grade students. The instrument used in this research covers ASC questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The results show that learning models encourage students to construct mathematics knowledge independently through activities in real-world observation, contextualization, and collaborative influencing the self-assessment in grade and effort dimension, peer-evaluation of academic ability, self-evaluation with the external standard.

Ethnomathematics is a study that observes how certain groups of people understand, articulate, and use mathematical concepts or ideas in their lives. The indigenous people of Kampung Naga have a diversity of cultures, traditions, and value systems that are still well cared and maintained until today. This cultural activity is patterned, structured, and has a form in everyday life and has become a belief that is embedded in the form of local wisdom. This study aims to explore the concept of ethnomathematics that emerged and was pragmatically involved in the daily life activities of the Kampung Naga indigenous people based on a review of aspects of mathematics. This research is a qualitative study using ethnographic models.

Mathematical creative thinking is the ability of students to find solving ways that are unusual, unique, and have never been found by others. The development of the concept of mathematical creative thinking can make students despair and give up, so that another ability is needed so that they are able to survive and turn their difficulties to be opportunities for themselves to advance. This study aims to determine the mathematical creative thinking ability of class VIII junior high school students in one of the junior high schools in Bandung Barat on the subject to construct plane and solid geometry based on gender differences. The samples are 4 students consisting of two men and two women. Besides that, the discussion of mathematical creative thinking skills for junior high school students is viewed from gender differences, between male and female students in terms of their creative thinking abilities. The instrument of this research is a test of the ability to think creatively and interview. This study is a descriptive qualitative research that aims to describe the ability of creative thinking mathematically in solving problems of plane and solid geometry. The results show that the ability difference between male and female students is that the female students have much better mathematical creative thinking. In addition to gender factors, other factors can also influence the achievement of creative thinking skills; namely, students and teachers' readiness to learn, students' basic abilities and knowledge of mathematical concepts. Male students are more detailed in explaining the shape of each space given to the problem.

The aim of this study is to analyze the mathematical resilience of high school students. The instrument used The Norm Reference Value (NRV), which consisted of 42 items. This Resilience Test consist of 6 indicators, that is: 1) Diligent, confident, working hard and not easily giving up on problems, failures and uncertainties; 2) Desire to socialize, easily provide assistance, discuss with peers, and adapt to their environment; 3) Bring up new ideas/ways and find creative solutions to challenges; 4) Using experience of failure to build self motivation and self control; 5) Showing curiosity, reflecting, researching, utilizing various sources; 6) Having language skills, controlling themselves and being aware of their feelings. The resilience analysis based on a comparison of the average value of each indicator with a reference value that has been determined in NRV. The results showed that all indicators were in medium category.

Statistical reasoning is a major requirement in the era of big data. Therefore, there is a need to research this statistical reasoning. One important study in statistical reasoning is the levels of statistical reasoning. The levels of statistical reasoning are based on the construction of a conceptual framework. This research aimed to describe seven levels of students' statistical reasoning in predicting data. The subjects of this research were 40 students of the second semester taken from two different classes. This was conducted to fulfill all levels of reasoning. At first, the subjects were given a test, and then seven students were selected to be interviewed related to the levels of statistical reasoning, respectively. Data triangulation was done to maintain the validity and reliability of the data generated. There are seven levels of statistical reasoning in predicting data, namely, the levels of pre-idiosyncratic, idiosyncratic, verbal, transitional 1, procedural, transitional 2, and integrated processes.

The learning process of mathematics in high school now shows that it has not been able to improve students' mathematics self-concepts. This is indicated by the fact that high school mathematics self-concept students are still relatively low. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to improve these variables, considering that these variables are very important in supporting students' academic success, especially in mathematics. This study discusses how the implementation of the CMI model in mathematics learning can improve high school mathematics self-concept. This research is a quasi-experimental study. Samples were taken purposively from the population of high school students in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The instruments used in the study consisted of mathematics self-concept questionnaire and observation sheets. The CMI model is a learning model that accommodates three stages namely develop, solidify and practice. CMI provides many opportunities for students to play an active role in asking questions, explaining the answers to mathematical questions they get, and transferring the knowledge they have with their classmates. The activity will indirectly build the confidence side of students in doing mathematics. The results of the study indicate that the CMI model can improve high school mathematics self-concept.

Asking question is an expression of the thought process. Question arises when someone gets new knowledge that is not in accordance with previous knowledge, through the thought process arises the question to get complete information so that the new knowledge he has becomes more meaningful. This study aims to evamine and analyze the ability of students in problem posing based on their learning style. The method carried out in this study was a quasi-experiment on 80 high-school students. The results showed that there is significant difference for the achievement of mathematical problem posing abilities based on visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles, contrary there is no significant difference in the improvement mathematical problem posing skills based on visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles

This study aims to generate the valid and practical PISA-like mathematics problems on uncertainty and data using Indonesian food context. It also aims to see the potential effects of the problems towards the high school students' mathematical ability. This study used a design research methodology with the type of development study which was divided into two stages, namely preliminary stage and formative evaluation stage. This study produced valid and practical PISA-like mathematics problems on uncertainty and data content which have a potential effect on the senior high school students' mathematical literacy ability. The validity was determined based on the expert review, while the practicality was determined based on one-to-one and small group assessment. Based on the students answer, it was found that the problems had potential effects that arouse the ability, communication, reasoning and argument, representation and devising strategies for problem-solving.

This study aims to analyze the links between students' cognitive stages and creative thinking skills and mathematical learning interests. This study involved 36 11th grade students, test of logical thinking (TOLT), a description of the creative thinking ability (CTA), learning interest scale (LI). Based on TOLT, the study found the cognitive stage distribution of students as follows: 30% of students were in the formal stage, 25% were transitional stages, and 45% were concrete stages. In addition, the researchers found, overall in CTA and LI students achieve quality at a fairly good level. Judging from the cognitive stage of students, the quality of CTA and LI students in the formal and transition stages is classified as a fairly good level, and concrete students achieve the quality of CTA and LI at moderate levels. In addition to completing the CTA tasks, concrete students experience more difficulties while the students in the transition stage and the formal stage experience a little difficulty. Another finding is that there is no association between CTA and LI. Overall, the findings relate to the cognitive stage, the quality of the CTA and LI students based on their cognitive stages according to the child's Cognitive Development Theory.

This study aims to examine the differences in students' mathematical intuition abilities. Gender was utilized to see the difference through Open-ended Inquiry-Based Learning. The design of this study was a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Experiment. The subject of this study was 156 seventh graders of two Islamic State Junior High Schools in Bekasi, comprising of 77 male and 79 female students. The instrument in this study used 5-item essay with 4 indicators of intuition (globalist, self-evidence, power of synthesis, immediate). SPSS was used to analyze the data. The result of this study showed p-value > α (0.174 > 0.05). That means there was no difference in mathematical intuition ability between male and female students.

Traffic is a very vital medium for various means of land transportation that connects various locations and even large cities. The smooth traffic of a city is one of the performance parameters of the local government. Furthermore, the smooth traffic determines the great development of economic, social, educational and technology. As the increasing level of civilization development and also the population, traffic becomes more congested and becomes a big problem that is very difficult to avoid. In this study, we proposed a traffic simulator system LINTAS-BD 1.2, or commonly called as "LINTAS" which served as a tool to solve traffic congestion problems. Various methods and traffic engineering designs can be simulated first through the LINTAS system, before they are actually implemented on the road. The benefit of the LINTAS is to evaluate and simulate traffic conditions based on the design of a particular method or traffic engineering. Furthermore, through simulations, it can be known and tested analytically about the level of accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the method and design. Through the simulation, the most appropriate traffic management method can be found, so that the problem of traffic congestion can be solved. The model and the design system of LINTAS is the arrangement and integration of various blocks or modules included: roads, traffic light, arrival of vehicles, queues, servers, and various obstacles such as intersections, terminals, markets, branches, etc. These various blocks are then combined into a single unit application as a simulator. The objective of this research is to compile a simulation application (traffic simulator) that can be used as a tool to accurately predict traffic situations, and as a medium for testing traffic engineering. The LINTAS simulator is created using the SimEvents toolbox and runs on the MATLAB-Simulink software. The LINTAS system is compiled based on Mathematics, specifically the Queueing Theory.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the 5E Learning Cycle with Metacognitive Techniques (LCM) and Mathematical Prior Ability (MPA) on Mathematical Creative Thinking Skills (MCTS). The subject of the study was 173 eighth grade students from high level school and medium level school in Indramayu, Indonesia. This study used the quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. At each school level, three classes were used in this study, one class used the 5E Learning Cycle with Metacognitive Techniques (LCM), and the other class used the 5E Learning Cycle (LC) and Conventional Learning (CL). The students were classified into three levels based on Mathematical Prior Ability (high, medium, and low). The instruments used are MPA test and MCTS test. The study reveals that in terms of overall and in every MPA level, LCM gives better influence on students' MCTS than LC and CL, LC gives better influence on students' MCTS than CL. There is an interaction effect between the learning model and MPA level toward the enhancement of students' MCTS.

The method in this study, Mixed Method Design with concurrent embedded strategy. This research was conducted mathematical creative thinking skills of students class VII-B of Indramayu State Middle School 1, Academic Year 2018/2019. Sampling technique used snowball sampling technique.There were three stages in this research, the first was designing learning process stage that consisted of syllabus, lesson plan, learning syntax and expert validated test items. The second was the implementation. It was conducted to see the students' respond and activity during the learning process. The third was evaluation stage. This was conducted to know the learning effectiveness. The result, it was obtained that (1) the learning design integrated Mathematical Habits of Mind (MHM) and Missouri Mathematic Project (MMP) consists of syllabus, lesson plan, learning syntax, students' worksheet and TKBKM were valid; (2) The respond of students and teacher were 82,9% good and happy to involve in the process of learning design that integrates Mathematical Habits of Mind (MHM) and Missouri Mathematic Project (MMP); (3) the learning that integrates Mathematical Habits of Mind (MHM) with Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning is effective in improving mathematical creative thinking students with moderate categories.

Having good mathematical literacy skills is expected to help students solve problems related to mathematics. The focus of mathematics literacy skills on students is the ability to analyze, justify, and communicate ideas effectively, formulate, solve and interpret mathematical problems in various forms and situations. This study aims to describe students' mathematical literacy skills seen from gender differences. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with case studies. The study subjects consisted of two male students and two female students from junior high school students. Data was collected through analysis of student work results and interviews.. Students are asked to convey what they are thinking when solving problems in a given mathematical literacy test. After students finish getting the solution from the problem, the researcher classifies the students' answers and analyzes them. Furthermore, the data obtained are grouped and analyzed according to indicators of mathematical literacy skills. Male students have good results from each indicator in mathematical literacy ability, namely in the first indicator of the sixth indicator, while for female students have good mathematical literacy skills for the first indicator, second indicator, third indicator, fourth indicator and sixth indicator, except for the fifth indicator, female students have sufficient mathematical literacy skills.

Indonesia is the second largest biodiversity country in the world. Indonesia has a variety of top agricultural and plantation commodities, whereas each commodity has premium products which are normally related to its specific character/flavour and are generally associated with the producing origins. Specific character/flavour is represented by composition of metabolites each origin. To find out the specific character/flavour in various Indonesian plantation commodities, clustering is needed. In this paper, we perform clustering on an Indonesian plantation commodity based on their metabolites composition. Metabolite compositions of samples of some origins of the commodity are clustered using the Hard C-Means algorithm with the Xie-Beni index as the cluster validity. Our present results confirm that each origin has a unique characteristic and belongs to a separate cluster.

New results in the form of velocity distribution in the square duct elbow 90-degree have been obtained from the simulation results. The flow characteristics through which are analyzed using commercial CFD software. The Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equation will be solved numerically using the finite difference method and using the SIMPLE algorithm. The test model to be used in this study is square duct which is installed in the inlet section 90-degre elbow with a double damper placed at a distance of x / D_h = 2 after out late elbow. In this paper, the effect of the damper opening angle on the velocity profile on the 90-degree square duct is simulated in simulation at the opening angle of 30-degree clockwise direction and 30-degree counter-clockwise direction. The simulation results in the form of velocity profile distribution in each position are shown through the graph and obtained a maximum velocity magnitude value of 26.143 m/s which is exactly the place of the damper.

This study aims to develop a didactical design for Calculus subject teaching materials using Problem Based Learning. The research method used in this study was didactical design research. The research steps taken are didactic situation analysis, to see the student learning obstacle that appears in calculus courses. The subjects taken were students who had received Calculus I courses, namely 5 people in class 2015, 5 people in 2016, and 5 people in 2017. The results of the didactic situation analysis were difficulties in understanding students in the initial calculus material, so the special emphasis was placed on - Initial calculus material with problem-based learning. Based on the results of the learning obstacle, a problem-based calculus teaching material was developed and validated. Metapedidaktic analysis, at this stage a limited trial was conducted on students who were taking calculus courses in class 2018. Retrospective analysis revised teaching materials and linked the learning obstacle with student responses and observations during learning. The results of this study are learning tools used in calculus learning with problem-based learning. The didactic design developed received positive responses from students.

The purpose of this study was to produce Teaching Materials for secondary teachers based on 21st century skills aspecially for circle topic and to know the quality of teaching materials based on validity and practicability. This research is a development research that includes seven main steps, namely: needs analysis, the ability of researchers as developers, product design, product concepts, development, expert testing, and field trials. The feasibility of developing a teaching materials was obtained based on data from the questionnaire which was then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The conclusion of this research is the teaching material for secondary teacher aspesially for circle topic based on 21st century skill fulfilling the minimum criteria and expressed very well from the validity aspects and in terms of practical aspects stated practical. Thus, the teaching materials for mathematics teachers based on 21st century skill can be used as a teacher's guide on the learning process.

This study aimed to improve the ability of the understanding of semigroup concept through Concept Attainment Model. The method of this study is quasi experiment. The design of this study is using one group pre-test & post-test design. Sample of the study is 34 students of mathematics pre-service teacher at Abstract Algebra course. Instrument used in this study is a test about semigroup concept which contain 4 items. Data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. This study found that the improvement of students' ability of the understanding of semigroup concept was 0.68, (medium category) and the achievement of of the concept understanding ability of semigroup was 75.44 (high category). Thus, concept attainment learning model was effective in developing the ability of the understanding of the students about semigroup concept.

The ability to solve problems and self-determination of junior high school students in West Bandung Regency is still low, so various alternative solutions are needed to overcome them. This study aims to determine the improvement of problem solving ability and self-determination of class VIII students by using ASSURE design (Analyzing student characteristics; State standards and goals; Choosing methods, media and materials; Utilizing media and materials; Requiring student participation; and Evaluating and revising) based on his learning style. This study used an experimental method and one group pretest post-test design. The sample is class VIII students selected by purposive sampling at one of the junior high schools in West Bandung Regency. The instrument of this study used a descriptive test of 5 questions about problem solving ability and 30 scales of student self-determination attitudes. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: Improving problem solving ability and student self-determination using ASSURE learning design is suitable for all types of student learning styles (auditory, visual and kinaesthetic).

Jumping task is the central part of teaching that uses Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The revised 2013 Curriculum in Indonesia emphasizes learning using HOTS, and the daily life context. This research aimed to find out the characteristic of jumping tasks which valid, practical, and also useful for supporting secondary school students learning fractional operations using PMRI with the context of kain jumputan. The subject of this research was seventh-grade students of secondary school in Palembang. The research uses the method of design research with development studies type which had two stages: the preliminary and formative evaluation. This research only presented the result on self-evaluation, expert reviews and one-to-one, and small group phase. Data collection techniques using walkthrough, documentation, observation, and interviews. PMRI is used as material content and context for this research. Moreover, the Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) is used in designing and implementing the learning process. The result of this research was produced mathematics problems about addition and subtraction fractional operations through the context of kain jumputan. This research is valid and practical jumping tasks on fractional operations using PMRI with the context of kain jumputan. Validity could be seen from the assessment of a validator (expert) regarding content, construct, and language used in the one-to-one phase. Practicality could be seen where the students could understand the language and the content of the questions that are in the jumping task. Thus, the context of kain jumputan can help students in representing problems by involving in mathematical expressions.