Table of contents

PREFACE

The 5th International Conference on Mechanics and Mechatronics Research (ICMMR 2018) was held at Morito Memorial Hall of Tokyo University of Science, Japan during July 19-21, 2018.

The conference has received 80 papers, 42 papers are accepted for publication. The participants are from Japan, USA, France, China, Korea, Indonesia, Ecuador, Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, etc. The conference program included keynote, oral and poster presentations from scholars working in the areas to establish platforms for collaboration. This conference covered recent trends and progresses made in the field of mechanics and mechatronics research.

The objective of the conference is to bring academia, industry together to exchange and share their experiences and research results, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the potential solutions.

International scientific activities, like conference, symposium and workshop are big scientific platforms for knowledge exchange among the scientists from all over the world. International scientific activities are the best opportunities for the students, researchers and engineers to interact with the experts and specialists to get their advice or consultation on technical matters. The theme of this conference was the key issues associated with science and technology in this rapidly evolving field of research and to promote contact between basic researches and technological needs for real advanced mechanics and mechatronics.

We express our deepest gratitude to all members of the scientific committee, invited speakers, reviewers, sponsors, participants in the conference and members of the ICMMR organizing committee for their valuable contribution to the successful organization of ICMMR 2018.

Conference Committee Chair

Prof. Shih-Chieh Lin

National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan

July, 2018

List of Committees are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorbers as the next-generation sound absorbers are getting more widely use in aviation, automobiles, construction and other fields. It's a complex problem to predict the acoustic performance using surface impedance methods. The acoustic absorption performance of micro-perforated panels were compared in terms of Transfer matrix method and Equivalent electric circuit approach (EECA). The calculated results show that transfer matrix method is more convenient and effective than the equivalent circuit approach especially to multiply layer micro-perforated absorbers.

The Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a class of smart material with tunable acoustic properties and could be used as active sound coating material on underwater structure. This paper presents an acoustic model to investigate the reflection of a plane wave incidence at seawater-MRF interface. The acoustic model is developed by modelling the MRF as Biot's type porous material. In this paper, the effect of three major parameters of MRF material on the reflection coefficients are introduced. It is concluded that reflection coefficients can achieve low values by increasing shear modulus, particle volume fraction and decrease permeability.

Large hydropower stations in the western region of China play very important roles in the development of lacal economy, and most of them locate in complex geological conditions, the deeper the rock is buried, the more obvious the geothermal phenomenon is, and the geothermal phenomenon does great damage for the underground construction. In order to study the mechanical properties of hard rock, some tests on granite have been accomplished. Through the uniaxial compression test, the triaxial compression test and the triaxial compression temperature creep test, some mechanical properties are obtained: (1) The peak strength of the granite is 92.9MPa in the uniaxial compression test, 291.0MPa in the triaxial compression test, 260MPa in the triaxial compression test when T = 25°C, 220MPa in the triaxial compression test when T = 50°C, 200MPa in the triaxial compression test when T = 70°C. (2) Compared with the triaxial compression test, when the specimen is broken, the increased percentage of the axial strain of the temperature creep test is respectively 37% when T = 25°C, 53.3% when T = 50°C, 80.6% when T = 70°C. And the value of the lateral strain is respectively 20% when T = 25°C, 59.5% when T = 50°C, 101% when T = 70°C. (3) A threshold exists during the creep of the gneissic granite, which is affected by temperature. The temperature increases the creep deformation of the rock.

In this study, we developed a support bump to increase the energy absorption of the jounce bump. The support bump is made of TPE material, and the jounce bump is made of TPU material. The support and jounce bump each verified the simulation model using the load deflection test. The developed support and jounce bump were satisfied with the durability test. The support bump was assembled with the jounce bump and confirmed that the energy absorption amount was increased compared with the single jounce bump. Finally, we verified the validity of the simulation by comparing the load deflection data under the same conditions as the test using the verified the support and jounce bump simulation model.

In The magnetic media box of the magnetic separator is used as the research object, because at present the argon arc welding speed and the welding quality of the magnetic media box are relatively low, so the orthogonal test is used to optimize the welding technology of the magnetic media box. According to the characteristics of magnetic media box welding technology, the influence of welding current, arc voltage and welding speed on the tensile strength of magnetic media box is investigated. By experimenting and recording the experimental results, then using the range analysis method to analyze the experimental results to determine the optimal combination of welding process parameters. The reliability of the test results is proved by experiments. Finding the law of welding process parameters affecting the tensile strength of magnetic media boxes. It provides reference for TIG.

The squeeze film air damping of microplates in the free molecular regime has been received particular attention for many years. Based on Energy Transfer Model (ETM) proposed by Bao et al and Monte Carlo (MC) model proposed by Hutcherson and Ye, this paper proposes an efficient numerical model, compared with experiment data and present models, the present model costs less computational work than the previous MC model and is more accurate than ETM.

As one of the countries with a high variety of plant species, Indonesia becomes a potential source for biomass fuel. One plant that commonly found in the street of Surabaya, Indonesia is Pterocarpus indicus. The plant exists in large number and produced litters from its leaves waste. The litters negatively affect Surabaya city cleanliness. The previous study suggested a solution for this problem is by converting these litters into biomass fuel in the form of briquette. The solution may help this problem by reducing the wastes in Surabaya street and avoiding unnecessary handling of these wastes by burning or burying. In order to maximize the potential of Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste briquette, two primary parameters of briquette production were investigated in this study. These parameters are particle size of briquette and pressure used for compacting the briquette. This study used four burning characteristics (flame temperature, ignition time, burning time and combustion rate) to determine the best particle size and pressure to obtain the highest quality of briquette. The result of the study indicates Pterocarpus indicus produced with particle size of 60 mesh and compacting pressure of 2 MPa yield the best quality of briquette.

This paper is aimed at the problem of less dehumidification robot for four-split high-voltage line and with some obstacle-removing ability and high efficiency deicing, developed a four-split high-voltage deicing robot with barrier capability, Based on the combination of theoretical calculation and virtual prototype simulation, this paper focuses on the key technology of robot, the overall structure design and virtual prototype modeling, and the rigid-flexible coupling of the robot under flexible high voltage line. The Lagrangian method is used to establish the rigid and flexible coupling dynamics model of the robot. The ADAMS dynamic simulation software is used to simulate the obstacle process of the robot to test the rigid and flexible coupling stability of the robot. Through the simulation results, it can be seen that the vibration of the robot in the process of obstacle crossing, by the high-voltage flexible, with the high-voltage lines along the vibration, the vibration in the direction of the space to meet the stability requirements.

The purpose of this paper was to propose an automatic device based on a trenchless underground perforation and a path planning method to learn. Based on conservation of mechanical energy, the authors propose a pneumatic impact mechanism. Through the establishment of dynamic analysis of mathematical Model, the authors point out the relationship between the displacement of the piston segments, mass and output parameters. Through the development of its test system, the parameters and path correlation curves are acquired to point out the mutual connection and restrictive relationship. Several data and experimental analyses are described, showing that puncturing mud robot can realize steering and its impact reaches the level of trenchless laying pipes technology at home and abroad. With the proposed approach, it is possible for puncturing mud robot to squeeze the surrounding soil layer to form a circular hole and lay the trenchless pipeline to improve perforation performance.

Attentions to the bio-inspired robots are increasing dramatically in last two decades. Flexible structure, excellent flexibility and possibility of working in constrained environment made continuum robots attractive in robotic community. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, describe and test a novel design of continuum robot backbone design with variable stiffness which using of coil springs. A kinematic model is introduced and explained which could be applied for to a wide range of construction with two pairs of cables per section design. Furthermore, based on the geometry and material property of compliant joint, the robot is verified for justification of the robot construction. Finally, prototype motion analysis tested and repeatability experiments are carried out.

This article is about the design and construction of a Diverting and Sorting mobile robot table for testing motion control techniques, the robot consists of nine modules with two degrees of freedom each one in three times three matrix configuration; a table with dual rack gear track in bottom move between modules, combined control of each module allows the transport of objects. Computer vision techniques are employed in this case a Pinhole camera model for detection and location of the carry objects. Each of the characteristics of the design and construction of the parts that form the mechanical system are explained in detail. The table design includes high quality and low-cost materials. At finally, the robotic table is verified with different techniques of control, for example follower desired path. The result shows a difference between the real path and the desired path that will be calculated under the quadratic error function.

This paper aims to improve the accuracy of a three degree-of-freedom surgery robot by means of calibration. The robot consists of a parallel Remote Center of Motion (RCM) mechanism which is designed for craniotomy surgery. The calibration method is based on the forward kinematic approach, which uses a nonlinear optimization model. The Levenberg-Marquaridt method is used as the optimization technique and the loss function is defined by the least square definition. Sixty experimental data are used for the optimization process, the data are obtained using a Leica total station camera to measure the end-effector position, another sixty measurement data are also obtained to use in the evaluation process. Seven kinematic parameters are considered for the optimization process. After the optimization process the loss function reduced to 0.0002453 square millimeters.

This paper describes the design of CVCER (Computer Vision and Cryptography Educational Robot) - the working model of the mobile robot used as a training stand for students. We describe the hardware and software of the robot. Hardware part of the robot can be used to teach the basics of robot architecture and software part can be used to teach the basics of computer vision and cryptography. The main goal of the project was to create a low cost, re-configurable and re-programmable robotic platform that could be used to teach the basics of the subjects described above and to test the algorithms written by students having internships in our institute and partner university.

This paper discusses about hardware design for firefighting legged robot. This research aims to design and make a robot control system hardware of firefighting legged robot. This research realize a firefighting legged robot contest, which using microcontroller of ATMEGA128. Robot search for fire and extinguish the fire in the changing space condition. It uses many kinds of sensor. Sound activation (sound sensor) is used to start all the process to be performed by the robot. Robot start navigation after sound activation has been activated. Sensor ultrasonic used to detect the distance to the wall. Line sensor is used to detect the white line when robot will enter the room and detect candle location. To detect light of candle, it used UVTron flame detector. When robot crashes the furniture so limit switch will be used for moving away from the crashed object. Robot must blow on a fire candle at candle location (white color). The tools used to turn off the flame is the fan (DC motor). The result show that firefighting legged robot has been function and working of the various sensors and controller. Overall, the system can work well and stable according desired requirement.

A 1/2 seven degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamic model was built for exploring the excitation that was obtained from a certain type of ammunition transport vehicle, which running on standard highway at the speed of 20m/s. According to the power spectral density function advised by national standard, the harmony superposition method (HSM) and pseudo white noise method (PWNM) were both used for simulating the road roughness. And the roughness of generated by these two methods was analysed and compared by MATLAB. Moreover, the vertical acceleration responses spectrum of grade A; B; C road were calculated. The numerical results reflect that the HSM is better than PWNM in road roughness simulation with the same time step size, and the root mean square value (RMS) of car centre of mass will grow largely with the decrease of road grade, the calculation results show the RMS of grade C road is above 300% than that of A.

Since reliability is one of the most important indicators of engines, reliability research has been increasing used in engines widely. These studies are based on the failure data which are obtained during working time, and the distribution can be summarized by using computer aided technology, hence improving the product reliability. With the help of computer aided technology, the reliability fuzzy prediction method of the engine system, for example, is used in supercharging system to verify the feasibility.

A finite element multi-body model was developed for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the brake quarter car. All parts of the brake quarter car were modeled as a finite element considering the elastic deformation. Each part was connected by a joint and has a degree of freedom by kinematic constraint. After stabilization by preload, friction braking analysis was performed. The vertical acceleration of the lower control arm was confirmed. Vibration effects due to deformation of the flexible body motion not occurring in the rigid body motion were confirmed at the acceleration level. The coupled thermo-mechanical analysis considering the frictional heat generation was performed using the result of dynamic displacement assuming small deformation in the elastic region. The temperature results of the brake disc were confirmed.

In this study, we propose a sound-based signal analysis technique emitted by rotating machines. Three water pump machines are set in a row to reflect a mini plant. We raise an overdetermined case with four sensors that are used to record three machines' signal sounds with unbalanced, normal and bearing fault conditions. We use non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) approach to reconstruct the signal sounds of each machine which had previously been mixed. Based on the results, the type of engine damages can be determined based on the fundamental frequency of each machine. The first reconstructed signal Ŝ₁ is similar to the baseline signal of normal machine with LSD of 1 and MSE of 5.84 × 10⁻⁹ The second reconstructed signal Ŝ₂ has a similarity to the baseline signal of the machine with bearing fault with LSD of 1 and MSE of 1.10 × 10⁻⁷, while the third reconstruction signal Ŝ₃ is similar to the machine's baseline signal with unbalanced condition,that is, LSD of 1.02 and MSE of 1.38 × 10⁻⁸.

This paper describes a method of multiple cranes assignment to operators who call cranes in a factory. Due to a crane moving on a rail, there is a restriction on the movement. Therefore, the crane cannot be delivered without proper assignment. To solve the cranes assignment problem, we propose two methods. The first is the optimal solution search method which finds the minimum travel distance combination from the number of cases that are derived by calculating the distance between all the cranes and all the operators. The second is the dynamic mapping method which finds the number of operators between each crane. Simulation results show that the dynamic mapping method sometimes performs the same assignment results as the optimal solution search method, but on average, the result of dynamic mapping method is farther than the optimal solution as the number of cranes increases. When partial regions are created by using the dynamic mapping method and an optimal solution search method is applied to each region, optimal solutions can be acquired while reducing the number of calculations.

In order to study the influence of scratches on the fatigue life of CRH5 EMU wheels under -40°C servicing condition, a dynamic model of the vehicle-rail system is established along with the contact model of the scratched wheels. Considering the irregular and typical working condition of the railway line, a random load spectrum and a cyclical wheel-rail impact load spectrum are obtained. The S-N character of the wheel material is obtained according to a series of fatigue test in serving environment -40°C. Using the finite element quasi-static superposition method, the fatigue life of the wheels with and without scratch are compared, and then the fatigue life of the scratched wheel is evaluated. The results show when the scratch length L_R ⩽ 20 mm, the fatigue life of the scratched wheel is less affected by the wheel-rail impact caused by scratch; when the scratch length L_R > 20 mm, the fatigue life decrease quickly, less than 1e6km, affecting the safety of the EMU.

An internal combustion (IC) engine with ceramic wall coating is usually utilized to reduce the heat losses and it is referred to as low heat rejection (LHR) engine. While high fuel price and environment hazard is of major concern for the modern world, LHR engine type is gaining huge importance due to its low emissions and efficient fuel consumption. In this article, the simulation study was conducted using commercial software AVL Boost to analyze the effect of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on the performance of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, compressed natural gas (CNG) engine. The results were carried out on a conventional (uncoated) piston, as well as two different thermal barrier ceramic Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) insulated pistons, which were coated with thickness of 0.5 mm. The simulation results were validated against the experimental results. The insulated pistons results showed that better performance at all operating conditions over the uncoated piston. The maximum exhaust gas temperature was increased about 57.35 °C, improvement in indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) up to 9.1%, and maximum 9.78% improvement in indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) were predicted in the insulated pistons, as compared to the conventional piston.

Considering tooth wear, crack failure of a gear-rotor-bearing system, multiple faults diagnosis model are established. The gear rotor bearing system with coupled multiple faults is identified by using model-based signal-based identification method, and type of system fault are distinguished in order to raise more efficient and accurate fault identification algorithm. It verifies the theoretical correctness and reliability of the method by making the experiment of gear-rotor-bearing system on a gear-rotor test bench. This study has an important guiding significance and application value to accurately predict the faults of gear-rotor-bearing system, and improves the reliability of the gear rotor system.

Gear Shaving is one of the most efficient and economical ways to finish gears after gear hobbing or gear shaping. In tradition, the shaved gear can be crowning by shaving machine with the rocking mechanism. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of a CNC shaving machine with two synchronous axes. The proposed mathematical model can be used to calculate the crowning tooth surface of the gear in parallel-shaving process.

Gradual change reliability design of mechanical components is considered by semi-stochastic process model of loading with change of time and fully stochastic process model of known degradation function of strength at present, yet it can't obtain reasonable reliability design by existing information of components for these models. Thus the influence of existing information and time-dependent parameters of components on reliability should be taken into account in order to access reliability correctly. By studying effect of loading action and time-dependent character of strength, strength of components is taken as a process of independent increments and autocorrelation coefficient of strength is also calculated, meanwhile, we present a method for computing time-dependent reliability. Combining the reliability design theory with sensitivity analysis method, a numerical method for time-dependent reliability sensitivity design of components based on fully stochastic process is proposed, the variation rules of reliability sensitivity of parameters are given at any moment and the effects of design parameters on reliability of components are also studied. The method presented in this paper provides the theoretical basis for structural design and life prediction of mechanical components.

Aiming to realizing the high efficiency and high precision of manufacture, the requirements of the bearing manufacturing process were pointed out for the application of high-precision motorized spindles. A standardized bearing manufacturing process was proposed. Furthermore, the manufacturing process flow was verified with three steps of manufacture of sliding bearing, including 3D modelling, simulation processing, bearing processing. Stiffness and vibration of the sliding bearing manufactured were tested on motorized spindle bearing testbed. The result showed that the sliding bearing manufactured has the characteristics of high rigidity and low vibration, and meet the requirements of precision motorized spindle. Process design method in this paper provides an important reference for high-precision bearing manufacturing.

This paper introduces a study on optimal determination of exchanged grinding wheel diameter in internal grinding. In the study, the influences of grinding process parameters including the wheel life, the total dressing depth, the radial grinding wheel wear per dress and the initial grinding wheel diameter on the exchanged grinding wheel diameter were investigated. In addition, the influence of cost components including the machine tool hourly rate and the grinding wheel cost were taken into account. For evaluating the effects of these factors on the optimal exchanged grinding wheel diameter, an "experiment" was designed and a computer program was built for performing the "experiment". Based on the results of the experiment, a model for calculating the optimal exchanged grinding wheel diameter was proposed

Remanufacturing is one of the recovery process that has become significant among many attempts to mitigate the landfill exhaustion, especially from mountain of wastes that come from short life-cycle products disposal. However, remanufactured product are often perceived to have lower quality compared to the new one. There are misconception about remanufactured product and lack of knowledge about its characteristics. On the other hand, several studies show that price and product quality have positive relationship. This paper investigates the effect of product's perceived quality on the pricing decision, to maximize the profit of the retailer and the manufacturer. We develop pricing decision model for new and remanufactured short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, where the manufacturer is a Stackleberg leader. We find that lower product's perceived quality would decrease the retail and wholesale prices of new and remanufactured products, but does not affect the new product's sales volume significantly. Also, the speed of change of demand influences the optimum total profit.

The special test technology of the assembly, integration and test (AIT) of large satellites was studied, which accurately determine the leakage, alignment and mass property of large satellites, and ensure the reliable operation of large satellites in orbit. The local and total leakage testing technique was developed which based on quadrupole mass spectrometer and helium mass spectrometer. To meet large satellite quality and high precision, the satellite mass property testing equipment of large load bearing based on three coordinate conversion machine has been set up. A laser tracker uniting theodolite measure system with high positional precision and high angle measurement accuracy has been developed. Several large satellites have been tested in the process of AIT with these testing equipment. The quality of the large satellite has been effectively guaranteed.

The conventional multi-rate spring with high-static-low-dynamic (HSLD) stiffness may not apply to massive payload low frequency vibration isolation due to the poor lateral stability of the spring with pre-compression. The new type of multi-rate spring refers to as a kind of liquid spring consists of a hydraulically driven spring and several pre-compressed slave springs. The payload is supported by the piston of the liquid spring, and the excitation force from the payload is transferred to the pistons of slave springs by hydraulic pressure. The liquid spring shows an HSLD stiffness property. It is found that the proper design of pistons' cross-section area and the number of slave springs of the liquid spring can achieve an ideal piecewise linear stiffness property. Moreover, the slave spring owns better lateral stability under the condition that both the conventional multi-rate spring and the liquid spring have the same stiffness property. The lateral stability of a pre-compressed linear spring and the stiffness model of the liquid spring have been investigated.

In the present work the fluctuating lattice Boltzmann method was used to numerically study the Brownian motion of particles in a fluid with inhomogeneous temperature. It has been shown that the Brownian particles are preferential to move into the cold fluid area due to small thermal fluctuations. In addition, the boundary between hot fluid and cold fluid prevents the particles going outside once they enter into the cold area. As a consequence, the Brownian particles can be captured or collected by the cold fluid area if the temperature of cold fluid is low enough.

The traffic congestion has become a prominent problem in many cities under the rapid development of urbanization at present in China. In order to solve it, more and more cities have accelerated the development of the subway traffic. In consequence of that, there will be a large number of tunnel construction technical problems to be solved. The strata deformation caused by the tunnel construction, especially in the dense urban area, has always been a subject of great concern. Especially in shallow tunnel construction, the surface will form a settlement trough due to the excavation of the stratum. The construction sink may inflict the road pavement damage, underground pipeline damage, as well as the damage of buildings. The grouting process is one of the most effective methods to solve the construction settlement. The grouting process has been widely used in tunnel construction because it may contribute to the reinforcement of the rock and the soil in situ and will change their inherent physical and mechanical properties. In this paper, combined with the construction of one shallow buried tunnel in a city, the method of roadbed grouting has been adopted to make the reinforcement for the roadbed. This paper studies the precautions which are needed when the soft soil roadbed does not interrupt the traffic. The study may provide some certain guiding significance for the construction of other city underground road on soft soil foundation [1-4].

Preserving books and documents have become a hectic problem for today's world. Most of the documents and books were discarded due to insufficient physical storage and lots of maintenance. To overcome this problem, digitization of documents has become an important technology. The technical challenge is to realize an easy to use, high quality and high speed scanning system. The prototype is scanning large stacks of paper without using any human effort to flip pages i.e. it is using robotic arm to flip pages. The prototype is designed within small budget, to scan the standard size book i.e. (12 inches height and 9.5 inches wide), then converting the texts which are in human readable form to computer-readable digital image.

This paper deals with the bond graph methodology as a decision-making tool and multiphysic approach for supervision supervision system design. The developed algorithms have been applied to a mechatronic represented by Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) which consists of Solar Photovoltaic Panels (PV) and wind turbines coupled to an electrolyser for hydrogen production used an energy vector for a fuel cell.

With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, desktop 3D printers have gradually become popular. The mainstream 3D printing technologies are FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), SLA (Stereolithography), and SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). However, these 3D printing technologies will cause environmental problems during printing, and UFP (ultra-fine particles) and some harmful gases and dust will be emitted during work, which will affect human health. There is currently no treatment method for the pollution problem caused by 3D printing. In this paper, an intelligent exhaust gas processing system that can perform adsorption and catalysis is developed for desktop 3D printers such as FDM, SLA, and SLS. Using 51 single-chip microcomputers as the operation and data processing center, on the basis of manual control of the processor switches, a digital universal particle concentration sensor was adopted, and a new type of intelligent exhaust gas treatment system was designed based on the change of the internal particle concentration in the printer. In order to achieve the intelligence of the exhaust gas treatment.

In recent years the automobile comfort and safety greatly improved by incorporation of specialized sensors. These sensors monitor the satisfactory working of different parts of an automobile by providing timely information to the driver. Tyre inflation pressure sensor is one of the important devices whose satisfactory working will improve tyre life as well fuel economy. The present work is focussed on modeling of a Cavity-Less pressure sensor for sensing inflation tyre pressure. Dielectric soft material for the sensor is taken as Silicone rubber. The sensor is modeled using finite element technique. The influence of width to thickness ratio of dielectric material for square geometry is studied. It is observed that change in capacitance increases with the applied pressure. The highest sensitivity of 4.79 fF/kPa is obtained for a sensor with width to thickness ratio of 100.

A passive flow control method over a circular cylinder using perforated shrouds was computationally investigated to manipulate the unsteady wake behind the circular cylinder for vortex shedding suppression. The perforated shrouds were of 33% porosity with uniform and non-uniform holes. The computation was performed at low Reynolds number (based on the circular cylinder diameter), Re = 300. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of hole-uniformity of the perforated cylinders on the vortex shedding behind the circular cylinder. It was found that both perforated shrouds (uniform and non-uniform holes) significantly suppressed the vortex shedding behind the cylinder, although with an increased drag due to normalization according to cylinder diameter. The perforated shrouded cylinder with non-uniform holes has longer vortex formation length, suppressing vortex better than that of the uniform holes distribution. The intensity of vortices behind the shrouded cylinder wake with non-uniform holes was also considerably smaller than that of the uniform holes.

The technology of hull complex surface is an important part in the ship-building industry. It has been widely concerned by the researchers about how to make the complex surface forming better and faster. In this study, an interpolation principle is proposed and utilized to substitute for the conventional manual process. In the proposed process, the new heating line arrangement methods are adopted to conFigure an equivalent forming arc plate, S plate, sail plate and saddle plate according to the interpolation principle. And they are transferred to a numerical simulation model using COMSOL Multiphysics, and finite element analysis is conducted to check the formability of the process. Further, experimental investigations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the process using the new heating lines. The results obtained from the finite element analysis are in good agreement with results of experiments. Consequently, it is confirmed that four kinds curved thick plate could be obtained by interpolation principle heating lines arrangement methods.

Objective To investigate the effect of fibre periodontal splint restoration on mandibular anterior teeth displacement and periodontal membrane stress. Methods Micro-CT scanning technology, combined with Mimics, Geomagic studio and SolidWorks were used to establish 3D dental models of mandibles with teeth and the models fibre periodontal splint restoration; the models of mandibular anterior loosen teeth was constructed under 30 degree oblique 25N loading on the labial and lingual sides respectively. Then, under different angles force with or without the splint, the analysis on dental mechanical state are given. Results It was determined that the sum of the maximal displacement of the loosen tooth model at the lingual and labial sides was 1 mm, which represented the degree I loosen model. After splint repair on the model, the maximal displacement of loosen tooth decreased 47.7%, 85.1% and 85.8% at 0 degree, 15 degree and 30 degree forces respectively, and the maximum stress of periodontal membrane decreased by 22.3%, 61.2% and 74.9%. Conclusion Fixation of loosen teeth through fibre periodontal splints can reduce the maximum stress of periodontal membrane and the maximal displacement of the teeth, thus ensuring the stability of loosen tooth.

Phase imaging is an important imaging model of atomic force microscopes (AFMs). It provides many sample properties that the height image does not. The phase information reflects the energy dissipation of the probe and sample interactions. Therefore, the energy dissipation between the tip and sample in the tapping mode is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of phase imaging experimentally and theoretically. In this paper, we propose a new method for measuring energy dissipation in tapping mode AFMs. The formation and rupture processes of liquid bridges are studied by this method. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the theoretical model. The comparison shows that the method of experimental measurement and the formation mechanism of liquid bridges in the tapping mode are reliable.

This paper presents development of a capacitive microsensor to be used in monitoring of wound healing process. Wounds will heal more quickly if they are kept under a bandage and presently bandages must be removed to track the healing process. This could potentially delay the healing process. A sensor can be used to detect the presence of blood in the wound by measuring the capacitance. Blood has a higher permittivity than air or any other substance that may be in the wound and will significantly increase the total measured capacitance in the device. The presence of blood in the wound under the bandage and so in the device would signify that the wound is not fully healed. The sensor was fabricated using standard MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) techniques in cleanroom. The sensor was tested in present of no solution, DI water and saline solution, and capacitance was measured to be 1 pF, 35 pF and 53.3 pF, respectively.

This paper presents development of a novel three dimensional imprinted micro check valve for biomedical applications. Due to its rapid and cost effective fabrication techniques, micro check valve devices are widely used in several areas of the biomedical industry such as intravenous (I.V.) fluid transfusion. The fabrication method consists of SolidWorks modelling and 3D printing steps for prototyping. The micro check valve is a self-controlled valve that relies on pressure change for operation. In this particular design, a sphere was used to prevent any backward flow allowing the pressure change to only initiate a one-way flow. The tests showed that the check valve design allowed for zero backward flow while also allowing flow through the device in the proper direction at a rate of 98.6 μl/sec.

Standing feature of the wheelchair allows the disabled to be able to reach different heights and thus gives enhanced navigations in different conditions. Wheelchair with back seat adjustment helps in health preservation as well as daily living activities including trunk positioning, functional enhancement stability and gait balance. Thus, paper presents the design, modeling and simulation of a reconfigurable wheelchair with stand-sit-sleep facilities. Key areas focused on maximizing safety, optimizing the size with minimizing cost and weight of the newly designed wheelchair. The contribution of paper are (i) Kinematic concept of the reconfigurable wheelchair (ii) Synthesis of the proposed wheelchair mechanism (iii) CAD modeling using the Top down modeling approach (iv) Multi-body dynamics Simulation and stress simulation of model. Wheelchair design has been analyzed and verified by using MSC ADAMS and ANSYS simulation tools. The developed model will help in improving the functional capabilities of wheelchair users allowing enhanced independence and quality of life (QoL).