Table of contents

The AMMSE 2020 is the 2020 7th International Conference on Advanced Materials, Mechanics and Structural Engineering (7th AMMSE 2020) will be held in Taipei, Taiwan during September 25–27, 2020. But currently, the entire world is struggling against the virulent pandemic COVID–19, so that the AMMSE 2020 conference changed the presentation method from Oral presentation to Remote Video Presentation to help with Global Quarantine Activities.

The Virtual of AMMSE 2020 was held on Incheon National University at Video Conference Meeting Room on September 25–27, 2020. The AMMSE Committee members attended conference at on–site and also authors attended the conference as Video Meeting. The conference program covered Invited Keynote Speech, Oral, and Poster Presentations, they presented their presentation 15 minutes including Q & A time.

The committee of AMMSE 2020 expresses their sincere thanks to all authors for their high–quality research papers and careful presentations. All reviewers are also thanked for their careful comments and advices. Thanks are finally given to IOP Publication as well for producing this volume.

List of Images, Sponsors, Lists of Committees are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review:

: Triple-blind (Three of Committee Members)

• Conference submission management system:

: Our conference has Secretary for management on conference papers. So authors send their papers to Conference E-mail, and our secretary has managed it.

• Number of submissions received:

: Especially in this time, only few of papers were submitted cause of COVID-19.

The number of submission papers are 78 papers.

• Number of submissions sent for review:

: The submission papers are 50 papers for review.

• Number of submissions accepted:

: The accepted papers are 26 papers.

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 30 %

• Average number of reviews per paper:

: Three times review on per paper.

• Total number of reviewers involved:

: Three of reviewers are took part in the review process.

• Any additional info on review process:

: We send the Review Materials to author through E-mail, so that author can check the three of review comments papers about their papers. This process also gives a last chance to authors for revision.

• Contact person for queries:

: Y.H. Joo (E-mail: ammse2020@ammse-conf.org)

Methyl Phenyl and diphenyl silicone rubbers were synthesized from octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), methylphenyl cyclosiloxane, octaphenyl cyclotetrasiloxane, etc. Compared with the commercial methylvinyl silicone rubber, the high and low temperature resistances of methyl vinyl silicone rubber were studied in this paper. The results showed that the introduction of phenyl groups can improve the thermal properties of silicone rubber, and the thermal stability of diphenyl silicone rubber is better than that of methyl phenyl silicone rubber. But there is little difference of mechanical properties in high temperature environment for three silicone rubber. DMTA analysis showed that there were still a small amount of crystals in diphenyl silicone rubber, while methylphenyl silicone rubber was amorphous rubber. The mechanical properties at low temperature indicated that the tensile strength of diphenyl silicone rubber was 4.1Mpa higher than that of methylphenyl silicone rubber at -70 °C due to the existence of low-temperature crystallization.

This study investigated effects of cryogenic treatment and post tempering on microstructure parameters and mechanical properties of cemented tungsten carbide for die applications. Carbide grain size was increased after the cryogenic treatment resulted in an increased carbide contiguity. After tempering process, tungsten carbide grain size was reduced and more uniform in size distribution with less in WC-Co debonding. The fracture toughness of cryogenically treated carbide which evaluated from microstructure parameter was slightly increased from 20 to 21.1 MPa · m1/2. After tempering, the fracture toughness was almost unchanged compared to that of untreated sample and the number of tempering cycles did not affect the fracture toughness. However, hardness and scratch resistance were improved 10% and 60%, respectively, by cryogenic treatment. Increasing the number of post tempering cycles after applying the cryogenic treatment result in reducing hardness but did not affected the scratch resistance of the cemented tungsten carbide. In addition, results of ball on disc tribological testing indicated that wear resistance of the cemented tungsten carbide could be improved by cryogenic treatment due to the higher hardness and scratch resistance as expected. The wear volume was increased with the number of tempering cycles. Therefore, sliding wear resistance and scratch resistance applications in which material surface failure behaviour is mainly controlled by surface hardness, post tempering process might not be required.

This paper highlights an innovant method for calculating the damping ratio using Monte-Carlo method. Compared with other approaches reported in the literature, the clear benefit of the method is the ability to directly determinate the damping ratio upon irregular stress-stain curves through Python. By using Monte-Carlo method, it is found that (i) the computed damping ratios are consistent with the undrained cyclic triaxial result on a dense reference sand specimen; (ii) while total random samplings number for each hysteresis loop greater than 5000 times, the method could provide a satisfactory analysis.

In this research, ETS-10 titanium silicate (Engelhard titanium silicate) was studied for the treatment of water contaminated by the organic dye called Blu Patent V, which is commonly used in the textile industries. In addition to being a microporous material, the ETS-10 phase also has photocatalytic capacities. In particular, predetermined quantities of ETS-10 have been added to the Blu Patent V solutions and the entire system has been exposed, for programmed times, to sunlight. Systems also in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were used. The resulting solutions were analyzed with UV spectrophotometry to evaluate the reduction of the dye. ETS-10, after treatment, was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG).

Among the different methodologies useful to determinate polymers viscoelastic properties in literature, it is possible to find some different techniques based on the ultrasounds pulse-echo methods which show several limits in the properties estimation of the tested materials. In this scenario, the proposed manuscript focuses on an innovative non-destructive technique of viscoelastic materials by means of ultrasounds, which could be suitably employed on polymers. The developed procedure is aimed to evaluate the material response in terms of loss factor within different temperatures and induced excitation frequencies. To carry out the viscoelasticity analysis through ultrasounds, a bench has been set up and the data acquisition has been performed by means of the pulse-echo method on three different tires tread specimens and, then, a post-process algorithm has been implemented in order to determine the viscoelastic behavior in terms of loss factor. The comparison of the achieved results with the temperature sweep master curves, which were determined by means of standard Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (D.M.A.) testing on the same polymers, has provided an indication of the goodness of the proposed procedure.

The formation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of GSH in conditions of 2-fold GSH excess over Ni(II) was studied by MALDI MS and MS/MS. The instrumental data demonstrated that S and N of GSH are involved in the coordination metal spheres, while COOH did not participate to complexation. NiL₂ is a square-planar Ni(II) specie able to form one electron redox couple with Ni-(III) complex. It was found to dimerize rapidly via disulphide bond formation in the presence of air.

Saffron is one of the oldest natural dyestuffs and is obtained from the dried stigmata of Crocus sativus L. The yellowness of saffron results from the presence of crocins (glycosyl esters of crocetin). In this report we present the identification and characterization of multiple forms of crocins from whole saline saffron extracts using direct MALDI MS and MS/MS of glycosyl esters of crocetin and of their corresponding Hydrazine tagged products.

Adhesive anchoring is used to connect steel and concrete elements and to connect new to existing reinforced concrete structures. For this, threaded rods or reinforcing bars are bonded to the hardened concrete by adhesives. Internationally recognized qualification guidelines and design codes form the regulative basis for all approved products and ensures a high level of safety. This paper introduces the context of adhesive anchoring systems. An overview of relevant international regulations is provided, and the difference between post-installed anchor and post-installed rebar applications is explained. The latest developments in adhesive anchoring in regard to qualification and design is presented. The contribution aims at bringing the adhesive anchoring technology to the attention of a broader audience of the engineering and research community.

Risk for infections from Legionella pneumophila represents a critical issue for immunocompromised individuals, especially when this species is present within the biofilm of the water distribution systems of hospitals or other health facilities where the complex ancient water network creates environmental conditions that are suitable for Legionella persistence and multiplication. The shock hyperchlorination and subsequent systemic continuous chlorination is a disinfection treatment reported in the Italian Guideline for prevention and control of nosocomial legionellosis as an effective procedure to reduce L. pneumophila colonization of hospital water sources. Although this disinfection strategy has been proven to be effective in the short-term, eradication of Legionella from water networks is usually not achieved. The objective of this study is the identification and purification of P. aeruginosa bacteriocins, such as homoserine lactones (HSLs), by the development of an experimental method by High performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled to diode array detection (DAD) and the evaluation of the effectiveness of these molecules in the managing of the persistence of L. pneumophila in experimental cocultures.

The currently most widely used calibration method in geometric computer vision is based on Zhang's method. This approach is easy to implement and delivers detailed result evaluations. One drawback, however, might be that the unexperienced user may obtain unstable and unrepeatable calibration results despite small re-projection errors. Therefore, the data must be interpreted with caution and there is definitely a need for further consideration beside re-projections to be taken for better estimations. So far, statistical inference has been used for presenting precision measures only. In our work, we extend the statistical approach quantitatively using large bundles of images and get calibrations from randomly chosen subsets. Then a Maximum Likelihood Estimation of intrinsic parameters is implemented and the statistical behaviour is analyzed. In addition, the recovered expected values of parameters are utilized as ground truth to scrutinize the single influencing factors of the imaging configuration. According to the results we found out that the image block plays a significant role for camera calibration with regard to the orientation of the imaging configuration. Including also suitable manufactured calibration boards as well as other operational issues, finally a well-designed image block provides a repeatable and reliable calibration.

In this work, a novel coating strategy able to prolonge the shelf-life of fresh-cut kiwi is proposed and the effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated over a period of 15 days in order to propose innovative minimally processed fruits as ready-to-eat. Chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose were compared as coating material while a number of pretreatments were tested in order to assess the most performing strategy leading to the most stable product. The complete characterization of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) was achieved by Solide Phase Micro Extraction associated to gaschromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) and correlated to the weight losses occurring with the increase of aging. The obtained results suggested that the involvement of carboxymethyl cellulose and ascorbic acid on pretreated fresh-cut kiwi, permitted to extend the shelf-life of the fruit until 15 days during storage at 4°C.

Currently in the city of Lima there is a limited number of high-rise buildings. Therefore, there is not much literature on this type of building in Peru. Peruvian codes focus on medium and low-rise buildings. For this reason, studies are required to analyze and design these tall buildings more appropriately according to the reality of the country. In this article, a pushover modal analysis of 6 types of 35-Story reinforced concrete buildings in the city of Lima will be developed. Three building models with different structural systems and square and rectangular plan are proposed, being the areas of 29m × 29m and 52m × 26m respectively. These structural systems are rigid core and frames with an energy dissipation system (fluid viscous dampers and shear-link-bozzo dissipators SLB) in order to study their behavior against seismic stresses. These buildings were based on the criteria and requirements of the current codes in the country as well as the distribution of the floor plan of buildings commonly used for offices and homes. Natural periods (T) were found to range from 2.6 to 3.3 seconds for rigid core buildings. There is an increase for viscous damping buildings from 4.2 to 5.4 seconds and also for SLB devices to range from 3.7 to 4.6 seconds. In turn, modal static nonlinear analysis was performed to obtain the capacity curves for each type of building, which were compared with the seismic demands according to the design provisions of the Peruvian seismic standard E.030 and an average of design spectra. of acceleration records of severe seismic events in Peru and scaled in a range of 0.2T to 1.5T. The performance points for each building case were determined following the ATC-40 methodologies, finding that tall buildings with a rigid core have approximately twice the stiffness of buildings with SLB dampers, as well as low ductility, unlike buildings with dissipators, that have a high ductility.

The durability of infrastructures has become a significant issue starring the face of professionals in the building industry as most recently constructed structures are deficient in this regard. This study was carried out to assess the physical properties of five different brands of Portland cement commonly used in Nigeria. The specific surface method was adopted in obtaining the fineness, and the specific gravity bottle was used to determine the specific gravity of the different cement brands. The result shows that sample A had the highest fineness value of 360m2/kg and the only sample that met the ASTM standard value of 280 m2/kg. This implies that Sample A has a greater surface area for hydration which should lead to faster development of early strength and a higher rate of heat evolution. Sample E had the least fineness value of 168 m2/kg. This means that Sample E has the least surface area for hydration and should be slow in early strength gain. Sample B had the highest specific gravity value of 3.266 and the highest value of bulk density of 1462.085kg/m3. The implication is that Sample B has more moisture because it has the highest specific gravity value. The quantity of sample B that will be required in the concrete making will be less relative to other samples as it had the highest bulk density.

Several Peruvian public school buildings have not performed well during earthquakes, with the level of damage varying from cracks in structural elements to the complete collapse of the building. The reasons for the unsatisfactory seismic performance of the buildings include the design codes followed at the time these schools were built, and the lack of professional engineering supervision during the design and construction phases of these schools. This study focuses on a typical school building, selected after performing a survey to public schools in the district of San Juan de Miraflores in the city of Lima, in Peru. The seismic response of the selected building to various ground motions is analysed with nonlinear static and time history analyses. The results indicate that the building does not meet the minimum seismic performance level required by the current Peruvian seismic design provisions.

Railway transportation plays an important role in economic development since it can transport large volumes of passengers and cargo through great distances. Therefore, monitoring the condition of the railroad is essential to ensure train safety. With the development of computer vision, the railway non-destructive inspection systems have become possible. However, these methods have been still challenged by so many obstacles from ambient light on the rail surface and defects themselves. Defects appear on the rail surface are variety, in which spalling type is usually in heterogeneous shape and size. In this paper, a visual inspection system for rail surface spalling detection is proposed. The track image is first segmented by a novel rail track extractor. Then the rail surface spalling can be coarsely detected based on histogram curves in the longitudinal direction of the track image. Finally, a fusion technique is performed to eliminate all the false detected defects in the resulting image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the precision and recall of 97.48% and 95.74%, respectively, and shows good robustness under nonuniform illumination and various rail surface conditions.

This study is a small residential factory with a lightweight steel structure for fire characteristics analysis and alarm equipment analysis. This kind of factory fire grows very quickly, and there is no perfect fire protection zone, the temperature rises rapidly when the fire occurs, and it is difficult for the fire brigade to rescue. Use FDS for fire simulation and discuss the activation time of fire alarms with different functions, when the people in the building are awake, the thermocouple distribution position is combined with the heating curve to analyze the critical value of the human body's dangerous temperature, and the building is partitioned and the allowable evacuation time includes: 13 minutes in the factory area, 11 minutes in the corridor, and office area there are 12 minutes and the room has 15 minutes. In addition, the difference in the action time of the two detectors, the smoke detection type and the fixed temperature type, is discussed. In the simulation results, the smoke alarm device can detect the fire 137 seconds earlier.

Thin plates are constantly used in many applications of the structural designs, like naval, aerospace, civil and offshore platforms. When the supported loading is compressive along the plane of plate, it can suffer with an instability phenomenon called buckling which can be elastic or elasto-plastic. In addition, many times the plated structures need to be designed with cutouts for the most varied reasons: access, maintenance, crossing pipes and reducing of weight, for example. The presence of holes affects the mechanical behavior of the plate and it must be investigated. This work used Finite Element Method associated to Constructal Design method and Exhaustive Search technique to find the optimal geometries, i.e. the ones that maximize the Normalized Ultimate Stress, for simply-supported rectangular steel plates under biaxial compressive loading. It was analyzed the size and geometry of the centered elliptical hole. It was observed that the presence of cutout reduces the mechanical strength of the plate and also, the same occurs when the hole size is increased. Constructal Design method has been proved as an effective method to analyze buckling problems conducting to the best geometry for each studied case. For the simulated cases it is evident the relevance of geometric evaluation of elliptical perforations, once the simply variation of geometry can provide differences until around 42% when comparing the optimum and the worst geometries, for the same hole size.

Current approaches to coat aluminium surfaces that use paints and organic coatings to protect them from corrosion and provide an aesthetic finish, are also energy intensive and involve high emissions of VOCs. The use of these coatings is becoming increasingly restricted by global efforts towards more environmentally sustainable surface finishing technologies. A recent development based on porous anodised aluminium (PAA) and metal nanowire deposits is presented here, which may become a competitive alternative to paint and organic coatings. Anodising and electrodeposition do not emit VOCs and are less energy intensive. By controlling the conditions for anodising and metal electrodeposition, coatings in a wide spectrum of colours can be produced, including greys, black, blues, purples, and greens. Characterisation of the coating morphologies and corresponding colours agrees with simulated results based on the Fresnel equations and Bruggeman Mixed Media Approximations.

In this study, the effects of carbon fiber orientations on the strengthening of small-scale thin-walled steel cylinders (TSCs) under axial compression were experimentally and numerically investigated. Besides, the strengthening effects of various types of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) on the load-carrying capacity of full-scale TSCs were numerically investigated. The results showed that circumferential CFRP layers (0°) have significant effects on the increased load-carrying capacity of TSCs under axial compression, whereas, only 90° CFRP layers had small strengthening effects for TSCs under axial compression. When the TSCs subjected to bending shear loads with high values of internal pressures, the appearances of circumferential fibers also brought better strengthening effects than only the angled fibers for TSCs.

The method of dissolving hematite deposits intensification, containing cobalt radionuclides, on ion exchangers KU 2-8, modelling spent ion exchange resin, was proposed. Defined, that with direct current increasing and with acids concentration increasing, the efficiency of hematite deposits dissolution is increasing and could exceed 99%. The hematite dissolution accompanied by radionuclides secondary adsorption due to ion exchange that could be removed with sodium nitrate solution was presented.

The aim of this research is to use Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to dimension structural elements in regular 6-storey buildings. The necessary data for the training of the algorithm was elaborated manually with the help of the ETABS software, these were 30 buildings of reinforced concrete with a system of structural walls. The configuration and training of the neural network was carried out in the MATLAB software. The validation was carried out in an additional analyzed building in which the concrete savings were calculated, and the requirements of the current regulations were verified. Finally, the dimensioning obtained with the neural network generated a reduction of more than 10% in the total volume of concrete used in a 6-level building and establishes that the algorithm used provides effective results for an optimal design.

In this investigation, the elasto-plastic behavior and the seismic performance of concrete reinforced frame structures reinforced are evaluated by applying the Pushover method. This evaluation is done on several cases: with high ductility steel (Grade 40), conventional steel (Grade 60) and high strength steel (Grade 75). For the previous, the capacity curve graph obtained from the displacement coefficient method was used to measure the capacity of the structure. In addition, the performance of the structure for different levels of seismic design are evaluated with the resulting values of ductility and rigidity of each case. The results showed that reinforcing a structure with a Grade 40 reinforcing steel increases the energy dissipation capacity, and if reinforced with a Grade 75 reinforcing steel increases the strength capacity in the structure. Finally, the comparative result of the various cases are presented to demonstrate the influence of reinforcing steel on the plastic behavior of concrete reinforced frame structures.

Evacuating the occupants of a building during a seismic event influences their structural response. This phenomenon has been evaluated on bridges, continuous beams and platforms, which show significant changes in the performance of the structures. This research evaluates different cases applied to a building, where it seeks to identify the range of influence on structural performance and parameters that can be used in structure design methodologies. The main results of the structure analysis are: 1) the variation of the mass of the occupants, and 2) the variation of the structural response (base shear, periods and maximum drifts) for each case presented.