Table of contents

the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Biotechnology in the Agro-Industrial Complex and Sustainable Environmental Management"

22th October, 2020

Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University (NovSU), Veliky Novgorod

The volume of conference proceedings contains scientific articles prepared on the basis of the materials of the reports of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Biotechnology in the Agro-Industrial Complex and Sustainable Environmental Management", organized at the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University. It reflects the main achievements of research on innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex and forestry, topical issues of biotechnology, modern aspects of the production and processing of crop and livestock products and rational use of natural resources: traditions and innovations.

List of titles Editor are available in this Pdf.

Conference Program Committee (https://www.novsu.ru/dept/1111/i.962790/?id=1585683)

Yury Sergeevich Borovikov - President of the Program Committee, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Acting Rector of NovSU.

Ivan Alekseevich Evdokimov - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Basic Department of Technology of Milk and Dairy Products of North-Caucasus Federal University.

Galina Vladimirovna Pirogovskaya - Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of New Forms of Fertilizers and Meliorants of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

List of Conference Organizing Committee, Authors and Affliations are available in this Pdf.

The present document contains details on the procedure for reviewing the materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Biotechnology in the Agro-Industrial Complex and Sustainable Environmental Management", organized at the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University (NovSU).

• The management system for the presentation of conference materials includes distribution of information materials – call for papers, invitation to publication; work with applications and materials for reports and publications, correspondence with authors; organization of the process of reviewing, proofreading, selection and preparation of articles for their inclusion in the collection.

• The type of peer review: double blind peer review.

• The number of applications received is 239, the number of materials sent for consideration is 215, the number of applications accepted is 172.

• Acceptance rate (number of applications accepted / number of applications received X 100) is 72.

• The average number of reviews per article is 1, the total number of attracted reviewers is 38.

• Additional information on the peer review process:

– all articles submitted for consideration have passed the peer review procedure in accordance with the standards of editorial ethics, with international practice of editing, reviewing, publishing and authorship of scientific publications and the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics – COPE.

– plagiarism, improper borrowing, attempts to circumvent plagiarism detection, verbatim copying and paraphrasing of one's own work (self-plagiarism) without proper justification, copyright infringement are considered unacceptable practices.

– the materials received were considered by the members of the program committee, the members of the organizing committee and by the heads of specialized departments of NovSU;

– each reviewer has a scientific degree and is a recognized expert in the field;

– based on the results of the peer review, a decision is made whether the article will be published;

– upon completion of the review process, the materials prepared for publication according to the requirements of the journal are transferred to the publishing office. All articles will be published in the public domain in an international journal.

Submission of articles to the collection of conference materials took place from February to June 2020. The articles were reviewed as they were submitted. The level of reviewers made it possible to carry out a high-quality review of submitted articles. Out of the 28 reviewers, 14 are Doctors of Science, 14 are Ph.D., and 5 hold executive positions in Agro-Industrial Complex. All reviewers have extensive experience in working with scientific literature, many have published articles on international platforms. Authors of each peer-reviewed article are candidates of sciences, authors of 15% of articles are Doctors of Sciences. Many authors have extensive experience writing articles for journals published on international platforms.

• For inquiries please contact Dr. Oxana Fikhtner, Director of the Center for the Development of Publication Activity of NovSU (Oxana.Fikhtner@novsu.ru).

Improving the feed base in the North-West region is a priority for providing farm animals with complete feeds. Perennial legumes contain nutrients that are necessary to increase the productivity of farm animals and adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region. Legume plants in the composition of grass mixtures form high and stable yields, are characterized by intensive growth rates after the next alienation, and are resistant to intensive hay or pasture use. Each plant species has different requirements for the biological characteristics of growth and development to the growing conditions, therefore, monitoring of species is relevant for their further conservation. For the successful realization of the potential capabilities of perennial leguminous plants, it is necessary to effectively use their gene pool of wild and cultivated species that grow in the flora of the Novgorod region. The article studies the biological and economic properties and characterizes perennial leguminous plants for cultivation in the North-West region of Russia. Laws of transformation of matter and energy within the agrogeosystem and methods for their improvement. Plant communities were identified in which perennial leguminous plants grow, which have selection value as a source material for selection. The structural features of root systems, the reaction to the groundwater level were studied, and their ecological plasticity was revealed.

The article discusses the problem of saving and development of nature-created vegetation cover of natural lands, the rational use of which ensures sustainable development of the biosphere and the feed industry. The measures for improvement and rational use of natural hayfields and pastures are suggested, the potential fund of forage lands is identified according to the conducted geobotanical survey. Scientifically grounded recommendations for improvement and rational use of natural hayfields and pastures are developed.

The article provides data on improving the raw material base for high protein feeds production on the example of perennial legumes – bird's foot trefoil, sickle alfalfa, and meadow and hybrid clover. The studied cultures are compared in terms of their vegetation phases, mowing period, chemical composition, yield of green and dry mass. The time and conditions to obtain the highest content of vegetable proteins is indicated.

The interaction of milk proteins and oligochitosans is based on formation of electrostatic complex between negatively charged casein micelles and positively charged polysaccharide groups. At low concentrations of oligochitosans, partial interaction with milk proteins occurs. Maximum protein coagulation (90 %) is achieved in equivalence zone at the concentration of oligochitosans: 45.3 kDa-0.88×10⁻⁴ M; 25.4 kDa-1.57×10⁻⁴ M; 7.7 kDa – 5.19×10⁻⁴ M; 1.5 kDa-26.67×10⁻⁴ M. In these concentrations, taking into account the molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of oligochitosans, the total content of protonated amino groups is equal 2.4×10⁻⁴ M. When t protein content in skimmed milk is 3.0 % - 3.2%, oligochitosans of any molecular weight and degree of deacetylation can be used for casein coagulation, important that the final concentration of amino groups should be 2.4×10⁻⁴ M. It was determined that the use of the studied samples of oligochitosan allows to obtain coacervate where 1 g of oligochitosan binds 6.0 – 6.2 g of milk proteins.

For effective creation of highly productive plant formation, at first it is necessary to identify how the participants of this density interact with each other throughout the growth season. By cultivating mixed agrocoenoses, it is possible to identify this relationship and strengthen the food supply by establishing the optimal method of seeding and its seeding rates with different components. This article presents the main results of a scientific study of mixed agrocoenosis of vetch with different components at different seeding methods and seeding rates in the conditions of the Novgorod region. In the studies, the vetch was cultivated in a mixture with oats, and also pure vetch and pure oats were also sown to compare the results. The table shows the ratio of the legume-cereal component in the seeding rate and the influence of the seeding rate on such indicators as field germination rate, plant livability and the density of plants standing before harvesting. In the course of research, it was found that the optimal way to sow mixed agrocoenosis in the field of crops according to such indicators as elements of herbage productivity, field germination and crop yield is a combined method (1:1). Using this method of seeding, the resulting yield of the herbage of the common vetch reached 22.3 tph (tons per hectare) in comparison with the examining variant of the single-species dropping of the vetch.

The article outlines the problems of the widespread distribution of the Sosnovsky hogweed in the Novgorod region of the Russian Federation. The results of experiments on the extraction of coumarins from the dry mass of the Sosnowsky hogweed in the biotechnology laboratory of Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University are considered. Particular attention is paid to methods for the isolation of coumarins: extraction with ethyl alcohol and sublimation with magnesium oxide. The author comes to the conclusion that a better product with a minimum amount of impurities is obtained by sublimation. Based on the study of samples of Sosnovsky hogweed from different regions, it was found that the content of coumarins depends on the growing conditions. Sosnovsky hogweed, growing in the northern region, was found to be small in size, but with a greater content of coumarins. Coumarins extracted from Sosnowsky hogweed can be used as growth stimulants and as plant protection products.

Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in demand for organic agriculture products in Russia, which is associated with an increase in the popularity of healthy lifestyle. The general public is showing an increasing interest in their health and healthy nutrition, one of the important components of which is the use of environmentally friendly products. Milk and dairy products are traditionally included in the list of daily foods consumed in a "healthy" diet. The increased use of antibiotics in animal husbandry as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth-stimulating agents and non-observance of the rejection period of milk after treatment of animals are the reasons that certain lots of raw milk contain residual amounts of medicinal preparations in excess of the norm. Periodically published results of inspections by Rospotrebnadzor confirm that such excess occurs in finished dairy products of certain manufacturers. The article presents the results of a study of the safety of milk in the Omsk region, which is supplied for processing using a universal express method, which makes it possible to efficiently detect simultaneously antibiotics of four groups in raw milk in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations. 3.653 samples from farms supplying raw milk from 5 districts of the Omsk region were checked; the share of rejected raw milk samples for 12 months of the study was 0.7% of all analyzed samples, this is more than 2 batches of milk per month, most of the rejected batches of milk (65%) are characterized by a higher content of the antibiotic tetracycline.

Objects of research are the parameters of the extraction of biologically active substances from the dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro. The goal of the work was to optimize the parameters of the extraction of biologically active substances from the dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro. Organic solvents, a water module, the duration and temperature of the extraction of biologically active substances from the dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro were studied. It was found that the optimal parameters for the extraction of biologically active substances from dried biomass of callus cultures of Rhaponticum carthamoides cells are the following: methanol as a solvent, water module 1:10, extraction temperature 60 ° C; for Rhodiola rosea: isopropanol as a solvent, water module 1:10, extraction temperature 60 ° C; for Scutellaria baicalensis: acetone as a solvent, water module 1:10, extraction temperature 50 ° C; for white cinquefoil: ethanol as a solvent, water module 1:20, extraction temperature 40 ° C; for ginseng: acetone as a solvent, water module 1: 5, extraction temperature 50 ° C. The extraction time for all medicinal plants was 60 minutes. The novelty of this work is to optimize existing modes of extraction of biologically active substances from dried biomass of callus, suspension cells and root cultures in vitro for more complete extraction and use.

The article provides historical information about the life and work of the peasant population from the middle of the 19th century reflecting significant demographic changes in the number of families of rural residents, as well as the structure of their income from various types of activities. The total income of peasant farms was not only agricultural, but also largely from trade and craft occupations, primarily from forestry. Diversification ensured year-round employment of the rural population and its sustainability. An analysis of legislative changes in recent decades has shown that a negative situation has arisen of alienation of the agricultural sector of the economy and rural residents from forest resources. They mainly began to be used only in the interests of large specialized enterprises for the harvesting and processing of wood under the auspices of a monopoly, self-controlling federal forestry agency. It is proposed to introduce a number of legislative amendments to the socio-economic life of rural residents, to restore the complexity of agriculture and forestry in the development of the provisions of the new Forest Code of the Russian Federation. It is advisable to use not only international but also historical domestic experience of self-sufficiency, self-financing, profitability of complex enterprises in agriculture and forestry that existed in the 60-70s of the 20th century, both in the Novgorod region and in other forest regions of the country.

The current trend in the development of the human community is reduced to solving two main tasks: providing the population with full-fledged food and preserving the environment. Their solution is possible only on the basis of organizing the rational use of natural raw materials, which is hindered by insufficient study of such modern food production processes as ultrafiltration separation of liquid polydisperse systems. The aim of the study was to experimentally determine the optimal values of the driving pressure (DP) and the speed of circulation (V) of curd whey during its ultrafiltration through polymer membranes. The article presents the following research findings: the dependences of the permeability and selectivity of the UPM-20, UPM-50, Biomax 100 and Biomax 300 membranes during ultrafiltration of curd whey on the driving pressure and flow rate in the channel of the baromembrane apparatus are identified; the optimal values for DP=0.28÷0.36 MPa and V=0.25÷0.35 m/s of cassette-type devices for ultrafiltration of modified natural polysaccharides in curd whey are determined; the residual amount of total protein in permeate of curd whey is identified: with the use of UPM-20, UPM-50 membranes it amounts to 0.012-0.013 %, with the use of Biomax 100 and Biomax 300 it amounts to 0.035-0.088 %; the feasibility of the use of Pellicon 2 Biomax memebranes with a threshold delay of 100 kDa and 300 kDa to obtain a highly purified permeate of curd whey is justified.

The objects of this study are closed drainage systems having a hydraulic connection of arable horizon with a drainage pipe. Experimental plots are located in the Novgorod region on sod-podzolic loamy soil. In the experiment we used such kinds of design as a standard construction with filling the drainage trench with sand-gravel mixture to the arable horizon, and a construction in the form of two-tiered drainage. The distance between drains is 14 m, the depth is 1.1 m. The design of two-tiered drainage provides for the upper tier of cavity-free drains with a depth of 0.5 m, a distance between the drains 6 m, located perpendicular to the lower tier. As a result of the study of dynamics of groundwater and soil humidification, we found out that in the experimental systems of two-tiered drainage in excessively wet years, groundwater had not risen into the topsoil during the entire growing period. Formation of groundwater after heavy rainfall was more intensive in the two-tiered drainage systems. The most favorable water-air regime in the years with different precipitation conditions (both in dry and abnormally wet years) was provided by the experimental two-tiered drainage systems with a smaller amplitude of fluctuations in moisture reserves in a soil arable layer which allowed us to conclude that draining of collectors was more effective on the base of the two-tiered drainage.

The use of balanced multicomponent supplements is highly promising. In this regard, we believe it will be relevant to use a balanced carbohydrate complex under the trade names Felucene K 2-4 and Felucene K 2-6 for agricultural animals of a specified age in accordance with the instruction for use. The inclusion of the studied supplements in the ration of young cattle in various doses made it possible to trace changes in growth and development of young Hereford breed. The experiments showed the best result demonstrated by animals of experimental group III, who received the supplement K 2-4 at a dose of 100 g and K 2-6 at a dose of 150 g per animal per day, respectively. Further research is planned to study post-slaughter indicators in order to assess the quality of meat products.

The data on the study of the influence of the developmental phase of meadow legumes on their symbiotic nitrogen fixation are presented. It has been experimentally proved that the mowing time significantly affects the formation of the symbiotic apparatus and the accumulation of biological nitrogen. Due to symbiotic fixation on medium-acid soils of heavy texture in the first two years of life, Carmine meadow clover cultivated from the beginning of budding phase to the beginning of flowering, about 80–90 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha was accumulated, which corresponds to 57–67% of the total removal with the harvest. Such a symbiotic apparatus provided high protein feed from the main cut for hay without additional mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the range of 4.4–5.4 tons of dry weight or 19.3–22.2.2 tons of green mass per hectare. Later mowing of the grass stand led to a significant reduction in the use of biological nitrogen. The removal of biological nitrogen decreased by 1.8 times and amounted to only 45 kg per 1 ha.

Data on the study of nitrogen-fixing ability of various species and varieties of meadow legume plants are presented. It has been experimentally proved that the formation, symbiotic apparatus and the accumulation of biological nitrogen, and, consequently, the share participation in the agrophytocenosises of the legume component, and the productivity of meadow grass stands are greatly influenced by the species, variety, features of the ontogenesis of the legume plant, as well as the conditions of plant growth. Due to symbiotic fixation on medium-acid soils of heavy mechanical composition in the first two years of their life, about 84 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha were accumulated by meadow clover of Carmine variety. Such a symbiotic apparatus provided forage from the main cut for hay without additional mineral fertilizers in the range of 5.4–5.6 tons of dry weight per hectare with a share of clover–about 33% in the 1st year and more than 60% in 2nd year of life.

The data on the study of the condition of the forage reserve for the farms of the Novgorod region are given. The directions of improving meadow and field forage production, ways to increase the productivity of the forage hectare are proposed. It has been experimentally proved that in the soil and climatic conditions of the Novgorod region, through the use of field and meadow legume-grass agrocenosises, highly nutritious forages can be obtained: green mass – more than 22 tons, silage – more than 11 tons, haylage – more than 7 tons per 1 ha. An analysis of the energy parameters of the technologies for cultivation and use of field and meadow agrocenosises showed that the energy costs and their structure vary significantly and depend on the composition of cenosises, types and doses of fertilizers, type and amount of seeds of annual crops, their energy consumption. In order to save resources in forage production, it is advisable to cultivate legume-grass agrocenosises. The introduction of the legume component in field and meadow agrocenosises will lead not only to an increase in the nutritional value of the forage, but also to an increase in the agro-energy coefficient. The calculation of the energy efficiency coefficient confirmed the high energy saving in the cultivation of field and meadow legume-grass agrocenosises. The least costly is the use of meadow agrocenosises for green forage. The yield of exchange energy is 8.7 times higher than the energy expended for cultivating legume-grass meadow grass stands and preparing forage from them. Due to the low feed value of natural forage land, summer feeding of animals with more nutritious green forage prepared from legume-grass agrocenosises is recommended.

Data are presented on the study of the influence of the composition of meadow cenoses, the term of their mowing, and the dose of mineral nitrogen on the distribution of phytomass along the height of clover-grass and grass meadow grass stands. It has been experimentally proved that the composition of agrocenoses, their mowing time and growing conditions have a great influence on the vertical distribution of the vegetative mass of meadow grass stands. For mowing use on medium-acid soils of heavy mechanical composition, legume-cereal grass with hybrid clover included in its composition is most suitable. On average over the years of research, this meadow agrocenosis cropped from the full budding phase to the full bloom phase is characterized by the most uniform phytomass distribution over the height of the grass stand. In addition, it was experimentally confirmed that the introduction of mineral nitrogen fertilizing under cereal meadow grass stands contributes to a more even distribution of vegetative mass along the agrocenoses height. When nitrogen is applied in a dose of 120 kg per 1 ha under cereal grass stand, there is a significant shift of the "center of equilibrium" up the height of the grass stand and a reduction in the amount of phytomass in the lower tier compared to unfertilized cereal agrocenosis, which is important when mowing grass meadows.

The question arises of a rational method of feeding small cattle, which would ensure a high rate of their growth, development and production of meat products due to the fact that in recent years in Russia more and more attention has been paid to the development of sheep husbandry. It is economically feasible to use feed additives of various actions for this purpose, which determined the relevance of the topic of our study. The task was set to consider the effect of the sorbent Glauconite and the sorption-probiotic preparation Biogumitel in the diet of sheep of the Romanovskaya breed on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as meat productivity. Scientific and economic experience was carried out in a farm located on the territory of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation on four groups of rams. Studies have shown that feeding the presented additives did not adversely affect the studied parameters. In addition, it was found that test rams gave higher reliable indicators of meat productivity when feeding Biogumitel and Glauconit supplements together at a dose of 0.1 g per 1 kg of live weight each. Further research is planned to be devoted to studying the quality of meat products, as well as adipose tissue of various localization.

The choice of methods for storing feed and the processes of their processing in farms is the most important task for maintaining the qualitative composition of feed components, which determined the relevance of our work. In this work, we consider the technology of feed granulation, its features, as well as the technical means used for this process. Two granulation technologies (wet and dry) were analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of each were identified. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of feed before and after granulation are considered. The positive effect of granular feed on the breakdown of protein in young cattle, a high digestibility, and, consequently, an increase in the productivity of animals is observed. It should be noted that the granulation of waste processing industry can extend their shelf life and increase overall nutritional value. In addition, processed granular waste in combination with other feeds can replace up to 50.0% of grain in the diets of farm animals. The paper gives a brief analysis of the main manufacturers of industrial granularizers with a ring matrix, as well as the technical characteristics of their products. This analysis confirms the popularity of feed granulation in the Russian Federation, which is confirmed by a wide range of manufactured equipment of various capacities.

Modern life requires that products meet the requirements of a healthy nutrition. In the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as well as to prevent overweight, it is important to use fruit and vegetable products. In the schoolchildren nutrition, there is currently not enough of it. The article presents the results of studies on the degree of satisfaction of nutrition for schoolchildren of various age categories with a daily set of foods and basic nutrients. The effect of functional vegetable dishes on the daily diet is shown.

The analysis of the main regularities, conditions and factors influencing the mechanism of structural changes in food biopolymer molecules during gelation using the laws of thermodynamics is carried out. A computational method for predicting the properties of gel-like food systems is considered. It makes it possible to establish the dependence of the characteristic viscosity of aqueous solutions of hydrocolloids and the hydrodynamic radius of biopolymer molecules on the charge of its molecular structures and the pH of the active acidity of the medium. On the example of gelatin, calculations are presented and it is shown that, in comparison with a neutral medium, the hydrodynamic radius of protein molecules increases approximately to (120–123) % both at high and low pH values, which makes it possible to predict the water-binding capacity of protein molecules and determine the optimal modes of technological processes.

The purpose of the study was to explore food diaries to identify differences in the received nutrients between students living in a relatively ecologically safe area and polluted region. The sample included 179 participants living in Stavropol (ecologically safe area) and Nevinnomyssk (polluted region) at the age of 17 to 23 years. Dietary intake was estimated using a 7-days food diary and nutrient intake adequacy using the computer program "Nutrition for health and longevity". Participants did not significantly differ in age, gender, height and weight. There were total caloric and nutrients shortage in most of all students, regardless of the residence. Reduced fat consumption and pronounced deficiency of biotin, beta-carotene, choline, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, D, I, manganese, Fe, S, F, Se and Zn was found. Severity of protein, niacin, K, Ca, Mg and P deficiency in diet was higher in polluted area compared to the relatively ecologically safe area. In this regard, there are several related issues that need to be addressed in the future. These are the intake of heavy metals from food, the production and use of environmentally friendly food, and the development of functional products for students and residents of polluted regions.

The presence of coarse fiber in newborn animals indicates the viability and high productivity of animals in adulthood, therefore, when breeding meat-wool sheep of the Jalghin merino breed, flocks of lambs should be formed according to the amount of coarse fiber at birth. It was found that in all groups, animals born with coarse fiber at all age periods had superiority in live weight over animals born without coarse fiber. In group I of the fine line, 72.5% were born without coarse fiber, and 27.5% with coarse fiber. In group III of the strong line, 13.6% were born without coarse fiber of lambs, 86.4% with coarse fiber. In the second group of the medium line, there was practically the same ratio of without and with coarse fiber lambs and amounted to 48.7% and 51.3%, respectively. It was found that, at birth and at 4 months of age, in terms of live weight, rams with coarse fiber, regardless of their linearity, outnumbered their peers. At 14 months of age, the superiority of animals of group III in live weight in general over their peers in groups I and II was 8.8% (P <0.001) and 5.4% (P <0.001). In turn, the rams of the III group that were born with coarse fiber had a significant superiority over the coarse-fibered peers of the I and II groups by 5.6% (P <0.001) and 2.8% (P <0.001). The same tendency was noted for the rams that were born without coarse fiber, animals of the III group (strong) had a significant superiority over their peers (fine and medium).

The article discusses the problem of providing fresh water to residents of the Novgorod region, which is linked to the possibilities of expanded use of groundwater. The authors characterize the features of occurrence and distribution of the aquifer in the region. Special attention is paid to the mineralized waters of the region, the features of their modern use in the resort industry and the food industry, for domestic needs of the population.

The article focuses on the problem of changes in meteorological parameters – average air temperatures and annual precipitation amount within the agroclimatic areas of the Novgorod region. Despite the small size of the region, its location in the North-West of the European part of Russia and fairly small differences in hypsometric parameters, there are significant differences in climate parameters within the region. The factors, mentioned in the article, are the cause for the climate heterogeneity of the region. The authors attribute these climate changes within the boundaries of agroclimatic regions with specific meteorological changes in local climates. The article presents the factors that determine the differences in climatic conditions and, as a result, the agroclimatic zoning of the region.

The article considers the issues of establishing correspondence between soil-forming factors and soil properties. The aim is to determine the degree of natural soil fertility in the context of its agricultural use in the Novgorod region. The main soil-forming factors are the Quaternary mother rocks and modern sediments, in some areas they are represented by the Paleozoic indigenous deposits. Soil formation largely depends on climatic features, hypsometry, rugged terrain and vegetation, which are heterogeneous within the Novgorod region. These factors undermine the processes of podzol, peat and gley formation and sod process, which jointly determine the mosaic of the soil cover. The authors have examined the soil-geographical areas of the Novgorod region, given the characteristics of soils and identified measures connected with agricultural activities and special techniques aimed at improving the soil properties and increasing fertility.

For many European countries, including the United States and Russia, the use of sludge platforms is one of the most appropriate methods for treating sewage sludge. However, a comparative analysis of the operation of sludge platforms showed that the practice of treating sewage sludge on sludge maps in Russia is of little use. Technological methods used to optimize their processing processes require significant revision. Foreign practices are most adapted both to the removal of excess moisture from the sludge and to the neutralization (treatment) of sewage sludge from heavy metals and other soluble forms of pollutants.

The following article characterizes the paleotectonic conditions timed to the main Earth development periods. The author has demonstrated the meaning of every tectonic phase during the pre-quoternary deposit formation, which is the basis for Novgorod region massive sedimentary strata layer.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of quaternary deposits formation in the territory of the Novgorod region, under the influence of the first four phases of the last covering Valdai glaciation. The authors show the role of this glaciation as the basis for the formation of genetic types of parent rocks for the soils of this area.

The paper examines a new rent-genetic direction in the development of earth science and the risks of information asymmetry of its current manifestation in agriculture. Practical results imply approbation of logical and mathematical models for implementation of the rent-genetic approach to regulation of land payments that ensure genetic farming development. The study analyzes, evaluates and provides socio-economic substantiation of rental regulators of genetic farming based on activation of genetic factors through the example of crop farming in Leningrad region. Intensive rental income can be ensured in agriculture only in the context of the redistribution of extensive forms of rental income (differential rent I, resource rent, monopoly rent), which is a fundamental condition for creating a competitive environment and investment development in agriculture.

The article considers a new scientific concept of rent impact on investment processes in agribusiness based on optimization of rent income by eliminating rent contradictions in cadastral and land valuation activities. The problem of land transfer from production turnover as a result of rent distortions hinders the innovative development of the agricultural economy. The analysis and evaluation of factor income confirms the high interdependence of rent factors in the combination of labor, capital and land. The degradation of one of them hinders the development of the others. Therefore, it is important to balance the development of production resources by regulating factor income. Imbalances in rental income result in losses of resources. The research is aimed at developing a scientific approach to the implementation of innovative priorities in the development of agribusiness by eliminating rent contradictions in land valuation and cadastral activities. The results of the research are reduced to the development of a system of rent regulators for innovative development of the agricultural economy through the introduction of methods for structuring rental income in land valuation and cadastral activities. Localization of intensive rental income in agricultural production becomes possible only in the conditions of redistribution of extensive forms of rental income (differential rent first, natural rent, monopoly rent), which is a fundamental condition for creating a competitive environment and investment development of the agricultural economy.

The possibilities of using sewage sludge as fertilizer materials are determined by their chemical composition, sanitary-toxicological and physical condition. In each case, the use of these wastes must be preceded by studies proving not only their nutritional value, but also safety, and be accompanied by the development of an environmentally friendly technology for their disposal. The paper provides data on the analysis of industrial soil based on sewage sludge with the aim of using it for the restoration of disturbed and contaminated lands. In an experiment with the cultivation of cereal grasses, the limiting doses of introducing waste were determined. An increase in the amount of sewage sludge led to an increase in the gross content of heavy metals in the industrial soil, and the cadmium content exceeded the permissible standards for close to neutral and neutral soils. A clear correlation between the content of toxicants in the soil and their accumulation in plants was not observed.

The article gives an assessment of the quality of sires used to increase the genetic resources of black-and-white cattle raised on the farms of the Novgorod region.

The article presents the results of the study on conditions of dairy cattle reproduction in commodity farms and pedigree breeding units. Ways of solving the problems of reproduction in the conditions of the Novgorod region are proposed.

Functional and technological properties of glucose-galactose syrup as a substitute for sucrose in the technology of functional ice cream and milk desserts are studied. A comparative analysis of the effect of sucrose, fructose, galactose, and glucose-galactose syrup on formation of the sensory profile of sweeteners is performed. Patterns of the impact of concentration and temperature on the degree of sweetness of glucose and galactose syrup are revealed. The optimal ratio of glucose-galactose syrup and sucrose (50/50) in ice cream and frozen milk desserts is determined.

Humic preparations belong to natural growth regulators. Humic preparations eliminate the negative effects of factors unfavorable for the development of plants, normalize the processes of intracellular metabolism. Humic substances are adsorbed on the cell wall of the animal organism, increasing the elasticity of its membrane and increasing the surface of the cell, this leads to an increase in the amount of oxygen and metabolism entering it. With the introduction of humic substances in the diet of cattle, the average daily increase in live weight increases by 14.4%. When used as an additive in chickens feed, the average daily increase increases by 11.85%, the weight of the heart, liver, spleen, and gall bladder up to 20.7%. The average daily gain in sucking piglets is increased by 8.3%. A line with a vacuum evaporator was developed to increase the concentration of humic suspension. The installation consists of a heating chamber, a steam pipeline, a steam condenser, a condensate tank, a water-air ejector, a cooler, a water tank, a centrifugal pump, a hot water supply pipe to the heating jacket, a water drain pipe from the shirt, a working water pipe, a pressure gauge, vacuum gauges, a thermometer.

The paper presents the analysis of modern domestic and foreign scientific and technical literature that addresses organization of healthy nutrition for athletes. The results obtained allow us to conclude that most of the studies and experiments have been performed in accordance with the target activities of athletes in a particular sport with different physical loads and specific diseases that reduce effectiveness of their training cycle. Relevance and significance of the development of the biotechnology for specialized food products for nutrition of athletes and professionals, as well as amateurs and the population regularly engaged in physical exercises is defined. The aim of the study is formulated, study objects and methods are described, scientific substantiation is provided, and a current trend in the development of biotechnological parameters of a specialized dairy (curd) product recommended for nutrition of athletes is determined. The study optimized the elemental composition of a new type of specialized product with two species of starter culture with probiotic cultures and special ingredients (concentrate of Milki land-WPC 80 whey proteins, glutamine, pollen) used to enrich the new product with free irreplaceable amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. This increased its digestibility and stability of the athlete's gastrointestinal tract due to a specialized product that contains immobilized probiotic cultures in an amount of at least 1·108 CFU. Chemical, amino-acid and vitamin composition of specific ingredients is presented, characteristics of their macro- and microelement composition are provided, and the relevance of their use is substantiated. Technological parameters for manufacturing a new product are determined, and a block diagram of the technology for manufacturing a curd product for the nutrition of athletes is presented.

Spicy herbs have been used by people for a very long time. Every year, the need for their use both in the food industry and in other sectors of the economy is growing. Spices and their extracts are used in the manufacture of cosmetics, for the production of preventive drugs in pharmaceuticals. There is an explanation for such widespread use of herbs – they contain substances that are very necessary and useful for the human body. Spices improve the taste of food and not just that. The article provides a brief historical background on the occurrence of sausages, a detailed description of the properties of one of the medicinal plants – lovage or bladder seed. In addition, the results of a study on the feasibility of using a spicy additive of perennial lovage in sausages are presented. The plant under study has a number of properties that can give the product a functional orientation, due to the presence of mineral salts, vitamins, essential oils, glycosides, terpenes, terpenoids in it. To prepare for use, roots of the plant were used, which were ground to a powder state. During the production of sausages, an additive in the amount of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% was added to the experimental samples and was compared with the control samples. All samples of sausages were analyzed by organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, the data of which made it possible to establish the optimal dose of applying perennial lovage in the recipe for sausages. It was found that a sample with a dose of 0.7% additive did not pass the test due to an overly spicy taste and a smearing consistency. The additive had no effect on the color of the product. There is a need for microbiological research, as further research is planned to be directed to establishing optimal storage periods, and refinement of production technological parameters.

The article deals with the handling of municipal solid waste, it is shown that waste disposal at landfills still prevails in Russia, because it is associated with significant difficulties in organizing separate collection. It is shown that in European countries, along with separate collection, sorting and thermal processing of municipal waste are widely used. The operation of the MSW sorting plant in the city of Kostroma showed the possibility of deep sorting with subsequent marketable products receiving. However, the issue of processing glass and the organic part of (food) waste, whose moisture after separation reaches 40%, remains unresolved. The low-temperature combustion of MSW on moving gratings leads to significant emissions of dioxins and furans. In addition, the calorific value of organic waste, due to high humidity, is not sufficient to maintain combustion using air blast; in addition, cleaning a large volume of gases is difficult. The burning of MSW is successfully resolved by the use of oxygen blasting and additives of low-grade solid fuel. It allows achieving a high combustion temperature of the waste (1300° C and above), leading to complete burning of dioxins and furans, as well as significant reduction of exhaust gases volume.

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Coffee gives strength, stimulates brain activity and increases concentration. There are many biologically active substances in its composition. Instant coffee is an important coffee product that would benefit on an extended shelf life. The introduction of modern methods of treatment, as the ultrasonic treatment, may be used to increase the shelf life of this kind of products. Ultrasound is a modern method of treatment biological systems. It can help to intensify the extraction process of biologically active substances. Ultrasound can also be used as a method of sterilization. The object of this study was to investigate the improvement the production technology of natural instant coffee using ultrasonic treatment. The affect of ultrasound on the coffee extract was determined by measuring the water activity, caffeine and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furfural (HMF) content. Ground coffee dissolved in water was subjected to sonication from 1 to 3 minutes and with power varying from 2 to 8 W. Water activity was shown to be reduced with increasing duration and power of sonication. The caffeine content varied with time and processing power. When processing for 1 or 2 minutes, an increase in caffeine content was observed with increasing power. When processing for 3 minutes, there was an increase in caffeine content at a power of 2 to 4 W and a decrease in power from 4 to 8 W. According to this research the possibility of using sonication in coffee extract to improve its quality was concluded due to the achievement of lower water activities and higher caffeine content.

The study aims to provide an analytical substantiation of a promising direction – development of specialized meat products enriched with macro- and micronutrients, dietary fiber and organic acids. To create conditions for a balanced diet and to improve the health of the population, we propose to use a technique that employs non-traditional resources of plant origin. Meat occupies one of the first places in nutrition, since it contains almost all nutrients needed for the human body. A product has been developed with addition of oyster mushrooms to increase its nutritive value. The formulation for pork cutlets was taken as a basis. The main raw materials used were pork and mushrooms, and auxiliary raw materials were bread, crackers, onions, melange, salt, pepper, and water. All raw materials were pre-processed, mixed and molded before use. As a result, an improved production technology of semi-finished meat products with mushrooms was proposed. The expediency of using mushrooms in production of semi-finished meat products was substantiated, studies of the effect of mushroom addition on properties of cutlets were conducted, and sensory assessment was performed. Introduction of mushrooms into the formulation improved the sensory properties of the finished product, improved the color and texture. In addition, the product exhibited tender texture, enhanced chewiness, and decreased stiffness. Calculation of the energy value of the control and experimental samples of the product showed that the use of the filler reduced the calorie content of the new product by 28.34 kcal. Thus, semi-finished products with inclusion of mushrooms can be recommended for both mass meals and diet food.

Holstein is one of the most widespread dairy breeds in the world. In Russia, the most popular is black-motley breed, which has been improved over the past four decades through crossbreeding with the best world Holstein breed. The study aimed to investigate the productive traits of young replacement cows and cows of different years of birth of Holsteinized black-motley cattle of the Ural type. An increased intensity of rearing of young replacement animals was found to reduce the age of first fruitful insemination, to increase productivity, namely milk yield per lactation, and to reduce the length of the productive life of cows. Intensive rearing of young replacement animals has reduced the age of fruitful insemination by 5.7 months over seven years, particularly in the last 2 years, relative to the indicators observed in 2012. With age, the cow productivity changes insignificantly and remains at sufficiently high level. The study revealed that the genetic potential of the parents and intensive rearing of young replacement animals provide a steady increase in milk production of first-calf heifers. However, productivity of cows in subsequent lactations either remains stable or decreases. Productivity of cows increases in second (2013–2015) and third (2012) lactations and then starts to decline. With age, the length of the lactation service period reduces by 5.2–34.9 days, which is primarily due to synchronization of reproductive cycles with an economically viable waiting period implemented on commercial farms. Reproductive cycle synchronization has been implemented in the region since 2015, which immediately reduced the length of the cow service period.

Genetic potential of livestock can be revealed through organization of scientifically based feeding. Energy components of the ration, concentrates, are of special relevance. In recent years, triticale cereal crop has often been used as a concentrate for feeding cows. Triticale grain is virtually not used for feeding dairy cows, but its use in a mixture with other concentrates is of potential interest. The paper presents the results of the impact of triticale grain when it is introduced into a mixture of concentrates for feeding dairy cows in an amount of 2.7–3.7 kg on their milk production and physiological state. It was found that introduction of triticale grain into the diet of dairy cows did not have a significant effect on the physiological state of the experimental farm animals. In all experimental groups, the calcium content decreased, and in groups 1 and 2, the content of phosphorus decreased and that of triglycerides grew, which had a positive effect on fat synthesis increase. In the experimental groups, where triticale grain was used as concentrates, the amount of milk yield per lactation increased, and its quality characteristics improved. The cows from the experimental groups significantly surpassed their peers from the control group in milk yield per lactation by 21.3–37.3% at P≤0.01 and P≤0.001, respectively. The milk quality indicators were found to be better that increased amount of milk fat and milk protein. Despite the difference in milk yield, all cows were dairy animals and showed high milk yield rates ranging from 1,225 to 1,654.

The human impact on the environment has led to the contamination of food raw materials and food products with toxic substances of various origins. A large global problem for the production of crop and livestock products was production and consumption waste, which are toxic to the environment and humans. Therefore, the global development of food production has a clear tendency to ensure its safety. Currently, special attention is being paid to the issues of production and sale, quality control and high-grade food products. This is one of the priority issues for introducing new systems for managing product quality and food safety. In the most general sense, food safety is the absence of possible damage, harm. Such a definition is relative and probabilistic, i.e. at the moment there is no threat, but it may arise in the future, or there is no mortal danger, for example, for a person, but there is a danger to his health. Therefore, when assessing suppliers of raw materials, a risk-based approach is often used based on an assessment not only of the actual condition of the enterprise, but also on further risks from the supplier. The goal of reducing the risk of diseases caused by the consumption of pollutants has been identified as one of the most important food safety issues in the country and around the world. Grain processing products are one of the main types of raw materials for the processing industry. Therefore, it is strategically important to consider the risks of wheat entering the mills. The article provides an overview of modern criteria for assessing suppliers of grain for the production of flour, taking into account global trends in the development of crops, as well as methods for assessing them.

The agricultural food industry is currently facing significant challenges. The development of the food industry, biotechnology, chemistry and related sciences has brought a huge number of new substances that can have a negative effect on humans, the level of environmental pollution has increased, which necessitates stricter requirements for food safety. The relevance of the problems of producing organic food, which has recently gone far beyond the boundaries of purely scientific interests, has made them the subject of discussion for various sectors of society. The demand for safe, environmentally friendly and biologically clean, and high-quality food is growing. At the same time, the production of agricultural and food products should be cost-effective. Today, bio-food markets have already formed in the world: these are plant growing products (fruits, vegetables), animal husbandry (dairy products), baby food, and grain. The growth of the cultural level of the population will increase the demand for beef and its processed products. In this regard, the study and search for safe natural components that affect the yield of meat and are able to efficiently convert the energy of food into organic protein are critical. The paper presents the results of studies of beef meat grown using the technology of intensive cultivation using a biostimulator of natural origin. A positive effect of humic natural substances on carcass morphology and beef quality has been proven. An additional reserve to provide an increase in consumer value and production of safe meat raw materials using a natural peat preparation is shown.

Dairy cattle breeding employs both heterogeneous and homogeneous selection. The impact of the inbreeding level on productive traits and length of the productive life of cows is assessed. It is found that despite an insignificant increase in milk yield of inbred animals (by 93–378 kg, depending on the inbreeding level, and on average by 73 kg per the inbred animals group), their milk quality, namely mass content of fat and protein, is found to decrease, and the live weight is revealed to significantly increase (P⩽0.05). Herd cows are superior in terms of the requirements of the standard for black-motley breed by 2500–2947 kg in groups (on average by 2624 kg) in milk yield and by 0.31% in the fat content in milk. For the Holstein breed, these results are insignificantly lower and amount to 1500–1924 kg (an average of 1624 kg) for milk yield. Inbred cows with moderate levels of inbreeding and outbred animals yielded the greatest amount of milk and nutrients due to an increased length of productive life. With age, milk production of cows virtually does not change and remains at a sufficiently high level. Closely related crossbreeding and an increased pedigree index in the Holstein breed increase the milk yield and the length of productive life by 0.2–0.4 lactation. Inbred cows with a moderate degree of inbreeding remain superior to outbred cows in life-long productivity.

Development of a living organism, including periods of its development, follows certain laws. All mammals have a pre-weaning period. In calves, the pre-weaning period lasts 6 months. This period is known to be one of the most important, since at this time the body, firstly, adapts to new environmental conditions, and secondly, starts to live on typical feeds. The calf growth depends on many factors, including genetic ones. The study of the dynamics of live weight in calves in the pre-weaning period with regard to their genetic background is of practical relevance. The farm uses bulls of both Holstein black-motley cattle of domestic selection and Holstein breed of foreign selection. A general pattern in monthly live weight increase has been found for descendants of all the bulls. At the same time, the growth rate in groups of calves sired by different bulls differed by months of rearing. In calves sired by the bull Mers, the absolute weight gain by months of rearing ranged from 10.0 kg (4 months) to 36.0 kg (6 months), that is, the growth failure in the previous period was compensated for by increased growth rate in the next month. At the same time, calves sired by the bulls Gavano, Cassio and Bentley showed a uniform absolute weight gain by months of rearing. In general, calves sired by the bulls Cassio and Gavano grew better. They were superior to other calves in the absolute weight gain over the entire period, which attained 138.5 and 132.2 kg, and it was higher by 6.3–20.9 and 5.3–14.6 kg or 4.5–15.1% and 4.0–11.0%, respectively.

Provision of the population with a sufficient amount of domestically produced food, including milk and dairy products, is directly related to advances in breeding of dairy cattle as the main supplier of raw materials for dairy processing enterprises. Along with increased requirements for the quality of milk – raw material in production of dairy products – the focus is placed on its technological properties, namely the possibility of its effective use for processing into certain products: fermented milk, cheese, butter, etc. It is known that milk is affected by many factors, including the season of the year, which impacts not only supply of raw materials to the dairy industry but also its quality. The study aimed to investigate the impact of the season of the year on raw milk intended for processing into various dairy products. The study revealed that sensory properties of milk met the requirements of the regulatory documents. The milk color changed depending on the season of the year. A more intense yellowish hue could be observed in summer and autumn milk, which is related to the carotene content in feed. The highest content of dry solids, milk solids-not-fat, fat and protein in milk was found in winter, while in summer these indicators were lowest. In spring, mechanical contamination of milk increased up to group 2. In general, the bulk of the milk was of the highest grade. The study of rennet coagulation of milk showed the superiority of milk produced in spring, as evidenced by a phase of coagulation of milk, which was shorter by 0'05"–2'35" (P <0.001). A clot formed faster in the presence of rennet in summer milk. Thermal stability of milk was high throughout the year.

American mink (Mustela vison / Neovison vison) is the main object of fur farming. Breeding work has a significant impact on animal morphology. Body size is a breeding trait, as it affects the cost of the final product through the area of the resulting skins. The study of the laws governing the formation of this feature is of practical importance in the rule of law. In the study of indicators: the mass of the carcass without skin and subcutaneous fat (CMWS), the total body length of the animal (BL), the length of the skull (SL) and the length of the spinal column: cervical (CL), thoracic (TL), lumbar (LL) and sacral (SL) and their interdependencies in minks of genotypes silver-blue (p/p), sapphire (a/a p/p), pearl (kk pp), palomino (kk), pastel (bb), albino pastel (cc bb), headlund (hh), scanblack (NN, Nn)), it was found that body weight mainly has significant differences. The total body length of the male genotypes is pearl (kk pp), headlund (hh) and scanblack (NN, Nn) significantly less than the animals of the remaining groups, and the longest males of the genotypes are silver-blue (p/p), pastel (bb) and albino pastel (cc bb). In females, the differences are not significant. The dependence of MCWS on BL is at a high level, while some parts of the axial skeleton have a significantly smaller effect on body weight, despite the fact that the thoracic region has a noticeable and high effect on the total length, which is apparently due to the large relative value of this department.

This article is devoted to the formation of an effective system for managing the reproduction of personnel potential in the region's agriculture. The novelty of the development consists in distinguishing the stages: first, an analysis of the functioning of the industry; the second is the construction of mathematical models according to the most important indicators that allow a comprehensive assessment of the processes occurring in the industry; the third - an assessment of the level of personnel potential, indicators of its reproduction, forecasting the rate of reproduction in agriculture; fourth - the development of general provisions of the target program "Formation and implementation of a system for managing the reproduction of personnel potential in agriculture of the Chuvash Republic"; fifth - the development of a mechanism for implementing the program; sixth, forecasts of changes in indicators that influence the rate of reproduction in the industry are justified; seventh - the rationale for calculating the national economic, economic and budgetary effectiveness of program activities. The effectiveness of the developed system is justified by the dynamics of the rate of reproduction of personnel potential (the input level is estimated and an increase in the output potential level is noted), which affects the efficiency of reproduction processes in agriculture, which is the evidence base for the appropriateness of the development of personnel resources.

The study examines the effect of hepatoprotectors of plant origin, obtained using biotechnology, on the liver morphofunctional state in 465 patients with chronic diffuse diseases. The patients undergo a complex conservative therapy, including hepatoprotectors of plant origin, which helps to correct homeostasis disorders, microcirculatory disorders and blood rheology, increase blood antioxidant activity, and improve the cell membranes structure and function. It is revealed that with intrahepatic cholestasis, regardless of the nosological form, against the background of dysproteinemia, bilirubinemia, azotemia, moderate transaminasemia, we observe a 2.2–4.9 times increase in the of alkaline phosphatase level, moderate cholesterolemia, pronounced phospholipidemia and β-lipoproteinemia. The conducted complex conservative therapy significantly improves the condition of patients and normalizes hemostasis and homeostasis. The inclusion of hepatoprotectors of plant origin in complex conservative therapy is a promising direction in the development of biotechnologies in hepatology.

Vegetable proteins have become widespread in sausage production due to the need to lower its cost. Lentil is a promising vegetable protein. The study focuses on changes in the functional and technological, and physicochemical parameters of model sausage meat for the production of summer sausage. The dynamics of the growth of starter cultures for the model sausage meat with partial substitution of raw meat was found positive. The moisture-binding and water-holding capacity reduces, and this speeds up the rate of sausage drying.

When performing maximum physical activity, the main role for maintaining motor activity and homeostasis of the animal body is given to the kidneys. In this regard, the purpose of our research is to study morphological changes in the body of laboratory animals during physical exertion and the use of biologically active substances. One of the first to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the histological changes in experimental animals when given adaptogens (tincture of moral root, pantocrine and a combination of the same drugs with oats) against the background of maximum loads. The dosage of adaptogens was calculated according to the method proposed by Clark, based on the live weight of the animals. Which was 2 μl at the beginning of the experiment, subsequently the dosage was increased to 6 μl for all experimental groups. The first group was given distilled water, and the experimental group received leuzea tincture and oatsol. Ovesol was poured in a dose of 4 μl from 22 to 26 days. The total duration of the experiment was 28 days. It was also found that the use of tincture of moral root (safflower leuzea) and pantocrine prior to physical exertion makes it possible to correct histological changes.

Maximum physical exercise has a negative effect on physiological and morphological processes in the body. However, in some cases, the body responds with adaptive properties, which leads to smoothing out the negative effects of exercise. Establishing causes and factors that positively affect the processes of adaptation to increased activity and identifying the mechanisms of this process is one of the urgent problems of adaptation. Adaptation processes have a certain structure, and therefore, the goal of our research was to study the physiological processes and morphogenesis of individual organs and systems of the animal organism. One of the first to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the histological changes in experimental animals when giving adaptogens against the background of maximum activity. As adaptogens, the components of the military nature were used, tincture of safflower-like leuzea and ovesol, which were administered for 28 days at a dose of 2 to 6 μl according to the developed scheme. In this case, ovesol was used only at the final stage of the experiment from 22 to 26 days. It was found that ultra-high physical exercise leads to histological and physiological changes in the body of experimental animals.

A rational approach to the problem of recycling natural silk processing waste is proposed. Cocooning wastes are processed into needle-punched non-woven material onto which copper nanoparticles are deposited by chemical reduction methods with ascorbic acid from alkaline solutions of copper sulfate. It was shown that, depending on the time of impregnation of the nonwoven material with an alkaline copper solution, sericin, wax and fatty substances are removed from the material, and when impregnated for more than 15 minutes, the amorphous part of fibroin. The amount of copper on the fibrous material can be varied by the conditions of impregnation and washing. The size distribution of copper nanoparticles on the finished material was studied.

The article describes the metabolic processes occurring in the body of sheep during the treatment of oestrosis with Iversan. The final data, in comparison with the initial results, reliably, within the reference ranges, demonstrate a pronounced response of the body, manifested in an increase in the activity of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase by 15.5%, urea by 16.7%, glucose by 9.5%, albumin by 13.6%. A significant decrease in the number of leukocytes by 12.8% was established. There is an insignificant decrease in ESR by 2.6%; the number of erythrocytes increases insignificantly by 3.6% and the level of hemoglobin by 3.8%.

Zoological Museum of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Novgorod State University is a structure of high potential for development due to a rich collection of representatives of the animal world of Novgorod region, and traditions of participation in research on an all-Russian scale. This potential is not fully realized due to both changes in departmental affiliation and difficulties associated with replenishing the collections performed by conventional methods. The paper proposes a development concept based on modern concepts of museum destination in terms of participation culture. Formation of an advanced mobile and polyphonic exhibition space will promote its attractiveness and increase the information content of the museum. Digital technologies, including augmented and virtual reality technologies, will be used to replenish collections. A live collection of fish from local waters will enhance the research and social capabilities of the museum as a place for communication of like-minded people. Information support in the media, in social networks and on the museum website is a reserve for attracting and highlighting active users. However, the main approach implies competent methodological and active promotion of the complex of educational services in accordance with the consumer requirements. Scaling the project activities of university students allows its use as a source for concept implementation.

Veliky Novgorod has considerable potential for birdwatching development due to its rich bird biodiversity and possibility of combining cultural and eco-tourism, as more and more people are interested in the quality of the urban environment. Reporting of bird sightings by members of the public provides an opportunity to collect data continuously over wider geographical areas, increase detectability of species. Modern technologies greatly facilitate what was previously available only to professionals: photo and video recording of sightings, definition of species. This potential is not fully realized, which is clearly demonstrated by the fact that the all-Russian platform Online Diaries of Bird Observation does not provide data for the Novgorod region at all. The research methods were: observation, survey of students, teachers, and employees of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, analysis of cartographic data for 2016-2020. The community of amateurs is concentrated around enthusiasts of professional ornithologists, as in the community of Birds of Novgorod Region. Since 2016, Veliky Novgorod has been providing data on the Nightingale evenings platform, after an increase in 2017, the number of respondents remained the same. Since only a part of respondents are permanent, and there are no regular routes for shift ones, the coverage of districts is uneven. Each year information is provided by 16-28 people, sightings vary from 84 to 116. To attract birdwatching volunteers to monitor birds in Novgorod region, one needs to develop a special project, including through NovSU project activities.

Flavonoids represent a wide group of polyphenols involved in many key processes of plant growth and its can be successfully used in medical practice. In plants that are exposed to extreme factors of various nature, the flavonoids synthesis occurs more intensively compared with plants of the same species growing under more favorable conditions. Thus, it can be assumed that it is the Arctic plants that can be important sources of flavonoids. This paper presents the results of a search for flavonoid sources among herbaceous plants growing in the Arctic zone, in particular, the Murmansk region. The total flavonoid content in ethanol extracts of 24 plant species was estimated using the reaction of complexation with aluminum chloride. It was shown that Lathyrus pratensis L., Lupinus arcticus L., Hedysarum alpinum L., Chamaenerion angustifolium L., and Polygonum weyrichii species contain the highest amounts of flavonoids.

The article presents materials on the use of selenium compounds in the production of biological fertilizers, the main active component of which being artificially cultivated nodule bacteria. The objects of research in this work were various types of bacterial organisms used to prepare bacterial fertilizers: symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizoagrin, rhizotorfin for galega and pea) and free-living agrobacteria (agrophil). Sodium selenate (Na₂SeO₄) was used as a source of selenium. The most optimal concentration of selenium ions in the liquid culture of microorganisms was 10–4 g/kg. A positive effect of selenium on the titer of finished preparations was observed: on average for the study period Rhizobiumpisum (rhizotorfin for peas) and Agrobacter 10 (agrophil) on the variant with selenium exceeded that on the control variant by 35.2 and 26.6%, respectively. The absolute titer values of the finished preparations Rhizobiumpisum (pea rhizotorfin) and Agrobacter 10 (agrophil) on non-sterile peat turned out to be higher than on sterile peat, although the trend remained. The inoculation of pea seeds with bacterial preparations increased the number of nodules in the flowering phase on the roots of pea plants by 1.8–2.1 times compared with the control. The treatment of pea seeds with rhizotorfin activated by selenium compounds during its manufacture increased the grain yield by 0.51 t/ha (17.1%) compared with the control, and by 0.30 t/ha (10.0%) when inoculated with rhizotorfin.

A combination of properties of osteoplastic biocomposite materials, including biological compatibility and biodegradability, puts them in the category of high-tech materials of the 21st century. Biomedical technologies related to the development of materials and devices for reconstructive surgery are particularly promising areas of application of osteoplastic materials. Despite the apparent progress of reconstructive oral surgery, the closure of postoperational extensive alveolar bone defects remains a pressing medical and social problem, for example, plasmocytoma. This disease implies not only treatment by hematologist-oncologist, but also surgical removal of osseous defect followed by its closure, which is a difficult prognostic and time-consuming process. No data on the long-term results of monitoring such patients are available in the literature.

Scientific research and practice of leading agricultural enterprises show that innovative technologies are the main condition and the key factor for sustainable development of dairy farming. In modern conditions, the use of digital technologies, active implementation and use of smart automated process control systems are a priority. The studies conducted have shown that competitive struggle for markets, and increased consumption of milk and dairy products accelerate advancement of digital technologies in the dairy industry and provide access to the trajectory of sustainable development. At the same time, implementation of these technologies makes actual the issues of increased efficiency of the agribusiness. In modern conditions, digitalization of the dairy industry helps farm managers to efficiently fulfill the current tasks faced by the personnel, and therefore to ensure food security in the country and in the world. Introduction of digital technology suggests high demands to the professional level of the personnel. Sustainable development of dairy farming is challenging, and it depends on a number of factors. It requires active use of digital technologies by agricultural enterprises, appropriate organizational support, and support from federal and regional authorities. The paper highlights that development of dairy farming in Novgorod region should be carried out as part of the priority regional project Development of Dairy Farming, which increases the efficiency of investment mobilization. Flexibility of the investment legislation in the region enables implemention of large-scale investment projects, which can increase milk production in the future. Implementation of digital technologies and system digital agro-solutions on digital farms will make a breakthrough in dairy farming in the region in the coming years.

The study assesses the effect of low-frequency ultrasonic pre-treatment of slightly saturated 3% brine on colour attributes of chilled pork after 24 h salting. The results obtained are used to formulate recommendations to stabilise surface and intramuscular colouration in normally autolysed, PSE- and DFD-defective pork by cavitational disintegration of liquid sodium chloride-based salting media. Cavitational pre-activation of 3% brine using a submersible low-frequency sonication technique is recommended as a method to optimise colour attributes in normally autolysed pork and meat with inner and surface DFD defects. Prior cavitational activation of 3% brine was shown undesirable with PSE meat due to a reduced steadiness of the component a* (degree of redness) in the CIELab colour system.

The article analyzes the quality of spring water in Novgorod region. There is a difference in water quality by district, in some areas there is a discrepancy with sanitary and hygienic indicators in terms of color, hardness, permanganate oxidizability and manganese content.

As a result of cultivation by the deep periodic method, the bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum obtained a polysaccharide. The study of its microstructure and properties showed the presence of fibrillar micro-formations and the presence of photochemically active components. Determination of viscosity suggests that the exopolysaccharide has a highly branched structure. Studies have shown that polysaccharide has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The study of the effect of polysaccharide on the quantity and quality of gluten of wheat flour showed that its introduction during kneading helps to strengthen gluten and improve its quality. The resulting exopolysaccharide can be used in baking technology.

At the present time, the search for natural ingredients that improve characteristics of minced meat products, and reduce the amount of synthetic food additives is going on. Plant components are the most popular. Most often they are recommended to be added in the powder form. This helps to improve technological properties of minced systems, as well as reduce the cost of products. In the article the possibility of applying prunes in the composition of minced beef is considered. The effects of prunes on an increase in water-holding capacity of minced meat to 54.4 % in a sample with 20% prune content, a decrease in water loss during 10 days of storage in a frozen state by 4.4 % in the same sample, an increase in the yield of finished products during thermal processing by 8.9 % are shown. It was found out that the color of finished products is within the acceptable range when decreasing the proportion of sodium nitrite to 0.003 % in the recipe, and even at its absence.

The enrichment of food products with natural protein components of plant and animal origin is an important task of the food industry. The problem of lack of protein in the diet is observed among different segments of the population. This is due to the wrong choice of products, commitment to fast food restaurants, metabolic disorders. Bakery products are in high demand. They provide the basis for the energy component of the daily diet due to the high content of carbohydrates. In addition, bread contains B vitamins, essential minerals and fiber. Nutritionists advise giving preference to whole grains and rye bread. However, the popularity of short products remains at a high level. Enrichment of wheat bread with biologically valuable components will increase the level of consumption of nutrients important for humans. The article presents the results of studies of the quality of bakery products when making up to 8% protein peanut mass in the recipe. A technology is proposed for preparing peanut beans before being added to the dough, as well as a sponge method for producing fancy bread. Organoleptic characteristics, acidity and porosity of the crumb were evaluated in the product, the mass fraction of protein was determined, which amounted to at least 12.5% in the experimental samples. The research results prove an increase in the protein content in finished products, as well as the beneficial effect of the additive on the sensory and technological properties of the product. The addition of peanut mass to the composition of bakery products led to an increase in the energy value of the product, which amounted to 325 kcal in the experimental samples.

The dynamic pace of life of a modern consumer necessitates nutritious, healthy and portable snacks. Based on the analysis of the component composition of muesli bars on the market, the authors propose the development of a science-based recipe of a muesli bar, in which natural honey is used as the determining structure and binder component. The developed food product is an alternative healthy snack, in the recipe of which there are no white sugar, "harmful" fats, synthetic additives. As part of the study, the optimal formulation was calculated and the technology for the production of a new product was developed; normative and technical documentation was developed; nutritional, energy value, warranty periods of storage of the product were calculated. The results of the study indicate that the developed product in terms of quality and safety meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation and can be recommended as dietary and sports nutrition.

The article analyzes the situation in the development and implementation of HACCP in the Russian food industry. The authors present the results of the analysis of various principles and ways to improve the efficiency of food production. Our own experience in implementing the food safety management system at Russian enterprises allows the authors to draw a conclusion about the key factors that are the reasons for the "disappointment" and lack of the expected effect of the company's development when implementing the management system.

The situation with dyspepsia of young animals in the postnatal period in agroindustrial companies of Russia remains tense due to a high mortality rate. Specialists are not always able to cover a wide range of drugs currently available on the market, although the success in combating the disease depends on a timely introduction of highly effective drugs and various combinations of treatment regimens into practice. The paper presents the findings of studies on the use of various treatment regimens for dyspepsia of newborn calves, with the inclusion of an immunomodulator. The studies have shown high therapeutic efficacy of both antibacterial drugs Cobactan and Neopen, and their use in combination with the drug Phosprenyl. Laboratory studies of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood demonstrated significantly improved concentration and percentage of the drugs. In the course of treatment with basic drugs, the immunomodulator Phosprenyl enhanced their action and positively affected the percentage composition of the leukoformula. Daily clinical examination of young experimental animals showed that treatment with Cobactan, especially in combination with Phosprenyl, is most effective in terms of fastening recovery and safety of calves.

The article presents data on the chemical composition of water from springs of Valdai District of Novgorod Oblast. In twelve, the most known and frequently visited, sources concentrations of main ions, values of indices characterizing the pollution of springs with organic substances and mineral forms of nitrogen, as well as the content of ions of heavy metals were determined. Water from nine examined sources corresponds to sanitary and hygienic standards.

The regularities of iron (III) and nickel (II) ions sorption kinetics on super-thin basalt fiber (STBF) were studied. The correlation between the adsorption rate constants and the ions diffusion coefficients was established. The adsorption equilibrium for the iron (III) ion is well described by the Freundlich model, and for the nickel (II) ion – by the Langmuir model.

An urgent task is to determine the cadastral value of land, taking into account the geo-environmental factors affecting the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products and the health of citizens living in the respective territories. The contamination of the territory of the Novgorod region caused by natural and technogenic factors is considered. Natural factors include earth's crust fractures and the associated infection of the territory with radon. Technogenic factors include the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Basic concepts from the field of measuring radiation contamination of a territory and human radiation doses are given. Radioecological disturbances are considered: earth's crust fractures, territories with exceeded norms for the content of radon, cesium, potassium, thorium and uranium. Thematic mapping of radioecological violations was done in the environment of the Mapinfo program. Herewith, a schematic ecological map in raster format and a vector map of the region were used, on the basis of which thematic maps were created. On the basis of building norms and rules, as well as using the cost method of decontamination to reduce the radiation dose per 1 person-sievert, it was proved that the cadastral value of agricultural land should be reduced by fifty percent relative to its current values. The dependence of oncological morbidity in the region on the radiation infection of the territory is shown cartographically. Infection with cesium does not significantly affect the irradiation dose. It is necessary to monitor the state of radioactive potassium, and one-time measures should be taken to decontaminate the territory from thorium and uranium. The cost method justifies the cost of such measures per hectare of land.

The article describes the methodology of decision-making information support for protective measures implementation in the agro-industrial complex (AIC). The aim is to determine the rational area of treated land plots for protective measures implementation as components of cultivated crop area-based industrial technology. The methodology is based on the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) constructing and analyzing of multicriteria decision-making task solving in the selection of a rational land plot area for protection treatment. The following selection criteria are used: land plots route survey results giving the information about crops diseases throughout the area under study; affected plant damage degree; diseases harmfulness; environmental conditions (air temperature, precipitation (humidity)); probable losses. A hierarchical estimation of the used criteria importance is obtained, and an information model is formed. The model made it possible to establish a rational land plot option recommended for treatment. The novelty of the proposed methodology for solving the task is the following: the rationale for information technology (IT) application for a new class of tasks dealt with by the AIC and the technology practical focus on environmental friendliness ensuring and resources saving; on the basis of the methodology, the scientifically-based method, that does not require the involvement of a large number of experts, is used; the software implementation of the methodology on a PC does not impose special requirements for computing resources.

The entrepreneurial nature of tourism has a positive impact on the development of rural areas through creation of tourism infrastructure and diversification of related and supporting industries. The article presents the results of an online survey of the population of the Krasnodar Territory. The study confirms the hypothesis that the development of agrarian tourism in the Krasnodar Territory is a strategic vector that reduces the percentage of migration of the rural population, has a stimulating effect on rural infrastructure, and it also contributes to creation of added value, the use of innovations, diversification of tourism products, it acts as a kind of guarantor of the fact that the maximum profit will remain in the local economy, which, in turn, will have a beneficial effect on the socio-economic development of rural areas. The development of agricultural tourism will contribute to the revival of folk crafts, culture and identity, the preservation, effective use and development of the potential of the countryside, the solution of socio-economic problems, overcoming the economic, social and spiritual crisis of rural municipalities. Integration of agriculture and tourism will positively affect the competitiveness of rural areas, the well-being of rural residents and the strengthening of the country's agriculture as a whole.

The article presents the results of methodological justification of using an innovative approach to create a database of the chemical composition and nutritional value of food products, outlines trends in the quality of nutrition of the population in the context of the provisions and objectives of the National Food Security Doctrine of the Republic of Belarus on 2030. An algorithm and a model for building a database, basic methodological approaches and principles have been developed taking into account the relationship between the assessment of the chemical composition of food products and the sustainable development of the agrocomplex. It is proposed to use a methodology for assessing the chemical composition and nutritional value of food products when creating an in-information-analytical system for monitoring the quality and safety of food products on the domestic market, which ensures the prompt exchange of information between market entities, EAEU member states and third countries, as well as preventing the emergence of relevant barriers to trade and risks.

Research has been conducted on the effect of the Mycosoil drug on economically valuable traits of tomato of Anahit-351 and Lia varieties, as well as pepper of Hayk and Loshtak varieties. After seed treatment with the Mycosoil drug, seed germination of tomatoes increased by 1.9–2.9%, and of peppers by 4.2–4.4%. Mycosoil contributed to an increase in germination energy: for Anahit-351 tomato variety by 4.3%, and for Lia variety by 6.6%. The germination energy of Hayk and Loshtak pepper varieties increased, respectively, by 1.6–2.5%. For all tomato varieties, the yield gain varied from 9.2 to 9.6%, and for Loshtak pepper variety – 7.5 %. An increase in fruit mass was observed in tomatoes: within 20.6–23.1 g, and in peppers – 5.4–11.1 g. Both the number of seeds formed in one fruit and the mass of 1000 seeds increased. The increase in the number of seeds for tomato varieties ranged between 3.8–4.8 seeds, for pepper – 3.3–7.9 seeds per fruit, and the mass of 1000 seeds increased in the range of 0.5–0.6 g for tomato and 0.3–0.6 g for pepper. When studying the effect of Mycosoil on seedlings in tomato of Anahit and Lia varieties in the variant of Fusarium + Mycosoil, the FAM signal showed values of 20.05–25.40 and it was lower than with control + Fusarium (35.61–38.74).

In Uzbekistan, the vegetative grafting effect on the tomato fruits quality was studied. Table tomato varieties Gulkand, AVE-Maria and Marvarid (cherry tomato) were used as grafts. Each variety was grafted onto its own seedlings, as well as in combinations with four tomato accessions from the World Vegetable Center. The control was not grafted plants. The grafting of varieties depending on the rootstock helped increase the yield by 16-20% and the marketability of fruits by 97-100%. The Gulkand variety, in combination with rootstocks L03708 and CLN2071B, has its average fruit weight increased by 30-35%, AVE-Maria – by 11-18% and Marvarid – by 24-43% above the control plants. The low variability of the dry matter content (V=6.4%) and total sugar (V=9.0%), and the middle variability of the ascorbic acid content were established as well (V=12.5%). In the Gulkand and AVE-Maria varieties, the dry matter content was close to the control level, and in the Marvarid variety it has increased in combinations. Total sugar content has slightly decreased in all combinations of the Gulkand variety. The ascorbic acid has increased in all varieties in combinations. The variability of the chemical composition did not depend on the type of rootstock (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) or (ssp. Pimpinellifolium) The nitrate nitrogen in fruits in all varieties and combinations was 1.4–2.3 times lower than the MPC.

To adjust the nutritive and biological value of food products, it is advisable to combine meat and vegetable raw materials. The paper presents the results of study of the rheological and microstructural parameters of combined meat-vegetable minces. The mince includes beef trimming, hemp protein and flaxseed flour. The study results showed the minimum values of shear stress and viscosity of the mince system and increased indicators of total and plastic deformation in the samples of minced meat containing linseed flour in an amount of 10–15%. Samples of the meat-vegetable mince that contained 15% of hemp protein and not more than 5% of flax flour exhibited high stability of the meat system. Microstructural studies of combined minced meat revealed the presence of friable vegetable mass, starch grains and fragments of hemp and flax fiber. Samples with a predominance of hemp protein showed a denser and more uniform structure. Thus, the rheological properties of meat-vegetable mince systems depend significantly on the type and amount of vegetable materials introduced.

The spectrum of antimicrobial agents used to combat the microorganism of spoilage of food products, in connection with the developed problem of antibiotic resistance, is steadily narrowing. Plant polyphenols exert a variety of biological effects on numerous cellular systems both in vitro and in vivo. For many flavonoids, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects have been established, which led to the widespread use of flavonoid-containing plant materials for the production of therapeutic and prophylactic agents. For research, we used water extracts of fennel fruit (Foeniculum), medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis), chaga (Inonotus) (10g / 100ml of water) and CO2 extract of bay leaves and CO2 extract of allspice. Samples were tested against native microflora of chicken paste and chilled fish. All these objects showed antimicrobial activity against microflora of food products. The most pronounced antimicrobial activity was observed in fennel, CO2-extract of bay leaves and CO2-extract of allspice. This study shows the possibility of using aqueous infusions of medicinal plants and extracts of spices as an additive to a food product to extend its shelf life.

Agricultural development is a determining factor in ensuring food security in the territories in the context of the global pandemic and the winding up of globalization. A key factor in agricultural development, crop production, as well as related industries is the development of cultivated areas, especially in those regions that have poor climatic conditions. The use and expansion of sown areas is considered one of the factors of food security for the sustainable development of territories with a predominance of cold climate. The foundation is created for a stable agricultural market and less dependence on food products from other regions providing an increase in sown area. The development of this direction creates a certain control of the territories, the importance of which is significantly enhanced in the context of the ongoing processes of global warming and climate change. Sown area indicators, being the main production fund of the agrarian economy, contribute to the development of the entire agricultural sector of the country, providing crop products not only for the food industry, but also livestock, creating additional opportunities for agricultural growth in the region. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the Republic of Karelia, Komi and Murmansk region. The sown areas of regions of different sizes were studied not only by absolute growth indicators, but also relative and average indicators were calculated to improve coverage of the state of the areas. A forecast for the medium-term development perspective was proposed, recommendations were formulated to ensure sustained development for the medium-term prospect in order to ensure food security and economic development of relevant territories.

The development of the indicator of sown areas is significant in modern conditions of agricultural development, especially in those regions that have poor climatic conditions. The use and expansion of sown areas, which is one of the factors of food security not only in the region, but also in the country as a whole, is considered for the sustainable development of territories with a predominance of cold climate. The sown area, being the main production fund of the agrarian economy, contributes to the development of the entire agro-industrial complex of the country, providing crop products not only for the food industry, but also livestock, creating additional opportunities for agricultural production in the region. The article identifies trends, which is an important step for predicting the development of the agricultural sector and food security of the country. The use of trend analysis is an important tool for determining changes in crop development trends. The indicators of the Republics of Karelia and Komi, the Nenets Autonomous District, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions are investigated. The sown areas of regions of different sizes were studied not only by absolute growth indicators, but also relative and average indicators were calculated to improve coverage of the state of the areas not only in the previous study period from 1990 to 2019, but also in the medium-term development perspective for 2020-2025. Polynomial and exponential development models were used for the study, which indicates the non-linearity of the change in the fundamental means of agricultural development, which indicates a significant non-uniformity of the indicator.

The article is devoted to the development of enriched diet ice cream technology for a wide range of consumers. The analysis of numerous literature on functional enrichment components determined the relevance of the use of products of biological origin. In this regard, organoleptic and physico-chemical studies of milk ice cream were obtained using the technology, which provides for the inclusion in the formulation of beekeeping products - bee pollen - pollen and water propolis extract. The choice of these components is explained by the high content of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes and other biologically active substances. The mass fraction of fat and sucrose solids in the product was controlled by traditional methods according to GOST, and organoleptic evaluation was carried out by consistency, structure and taste. The paper gives the rationale for the use of additives, and also determines the optimal dose for making milk ice cream. It was found that the introduction of propolis is recommended in an amount of 0.6%, bee pollen in an amount of 1.0%. These dosages did not impair organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters, but at the same time allowed enriching the product with biologically valuable components. In the future, it is planned to expand research on the use of food additives in dairy products for the functional enrichment of their composition.

Due to the fact that it is important for athletes to restore the physiological functions of the body after physical exertion, it is necessary to develop corrective measures. One of such methods can be the use of adaptogen preparations of various origins. In this regard, the goal of our research was to study morphological changes in the body of laboratory animals during physical exertion and the use of biologically active substances. For this, the object of the study was mice, the subject of the study was an adaptogen of plant origin - tincture of safflower leuzea, and of animal origin - tincture of pantocrine. Distilled water was used in the control group of animals. Research data carried out for 28 days indicate that in the body of mice, over the limit loads lead to a violation of morphogenesis in a number of internal organs. It has also been established that the use of tincture of leuzea safflower and pantocrine before physical exertion allows you to correct and stabilize the physiological functions of the body of animals, and in particular, the physiology and morphogenesis of the skeletal muscles of animals. The best effect was manifested from the use of an adaptogen of plant origin.

Currently, enrichment of dairy products with products of plant origin is becoming increasingly relevant. This technique allows us to improve the composition and ensure the functionality of the products. In this regard, we explored the use of flax in soft cheeses. For this, flax was used in the form of flour and seeds. The expediency of cheese enrichment with flax seeds has been established, since during grinding, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids that imparts product functionality is reduced. At the next stage, the rationale for the use of flaxseeds was carried out, the method of processing them in the application phase, the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the finished product were determined, the technology of soft cheese with flax seeds was developed. The innovative component of the new product was the use of bifidobacteria in the yeast, which give probiotic properties to soft cheese. Technological features of the production allowed to reduce the consumption of raw materials, increase product yield and reduce production time. In addition, the calculation of economic indicators shows the profitability of the production of this product. In the future, it is planned to expand the range of soft functional cheeses without ripening using fenugreek.

Currently, goat farming becomes a perspective sector focused on production of goat's milk and its products. Volume of milk produced by goats is determined by three factors: genetic heredity; environmental conditions, animal welfare and care conditions; feeding quality. In order to increase the productivity of dairy goats, it is necessary to improve and optimize feeding rates as the feeding is an essential factor defining the development of milk productivity. Sound feeding practices result in goats producing more than1000 kg of milk containing up to 4.5% fat. This practice-oriented research is based on the decision to use the information and analytical systems "RATIONS" in order to calculate balanced rations for adequate nutrition of dairy goats. Particular attention was given to introduction of feeding rates adjusted to fulfill their nutrient requirements of Saanen goats in North-West District of Russia.

Fermentation of wheat grain was carried out for 12 hours at pH 4.5 and a temperature of 50 °C using a complex phytase-based enzyme preparation. The fermentation process has affected the change in the microstructure of the surface and structure of the shells, the aleuron layer and the endosperm of wheat grain. As a result of wetting and soaking of grain in water and a solution of a complex enzyme preparation based on phytase, changes in the polypeptide composition of the protein occurred. The process of fermentation of wheat grain contributed to the growth of antioxidant activity and the number of flavonols compared to native dry grain.

In the work we presented, based on field production experiments conducted in the Belgorod region, an economic assessment of various winter wheat protection systems is given. In particular, crop protection systems with treatment only with chemical preparations (chemical) and with the integrated use of biological and chemical preparations (integrated) were studied. The most important economic indicators have been calculated, allowing to determine the most profitable, from the point of view of financial costs, systems. As a result, we found that the highest profit was obtained with using the integrated winter wheat protection system - 4446.7 rubles / ha, the profitability of these treatments was 95%. It was also found that the introduction of an integrated system is the most preferable from the point of view of protecting the environment from pollution. When applied on crops, the pesticide load on the soil is reduced, since the amount of applied chemicals is more than halved in comparison with the chemical protection system.

The article considers the problem of unpleasant odor from poultry factories. It is proposed to use a system for standardizing the permissible impact of malodorous substances on the environment based on the best available technologies. The article assesses technologies in regards to their possible use at poultry houses. The appropriateness of using the selected benchmark technology to reduce the smell of poultry houses is confirmed; the environmental and economic effectiveness of such technology is taken into account.

In the gerodietic nutrition production technology there are a lot of questions that today remain unanswered. The development of recipe compositions that are fully balanced in terms of amino acids, macro- and microelements and vitamins based solely on the internal reserves of raw materials is a difficult task. As a result of our research we suggest the cutlet recipe with vitamins for gerodietic nutrition. The recipe composition includes chickpea flour, vegetables and amino acid additives - Amur grape seed flour. The proposed product meets the established requirements for gerodietic products.

Enriching the diet of cows with nutrients and energy is an urgent task facing livestock specialists. In this regard, we propose to use a new type of feed in the diet of cows. For this purpose, using the software package, a ration balance was made for cows of black and motley breed. The differences were that different doses of the new "Tanrem" energy-carbohydrate feed were administered to the cows of the experimental groups. When analyzing the structure of the diet, it was found that in the pasture period a significant proportion falls on succulent feed, and in the stall - on rough and concentrated. It should be noted that both in the grazing and stalling periods, cows show a decrease in the proportion of succulent feeds with the introduction of the studied additive. Calculation of nitrogen balance showed that in all animals participating in the experiment, it was positive. In this case, nitrogen was best used from the accepted and from the digested cow of the three experimental groups, worst of all - control animals. The maximum effect was shown by the supplement at a dose of 700 g per day per animal. Further research will focus on the study of milk productivity and the quality of dairy products of cows.

Feeding that provides animals with good health, high productivity and good product quality at the lowest feed cost is considered complete. For this goal, it is necessary to balance the diet of animals for all nutrients, because even the work of breeders does not guarantee high productivity from animals without a complete diet. The lack of energy in the diet affects all vital functions of the animal's body, which caused the need to enrich the diet with energy-carbohydrate feed. This fact determined the relevance of our work. With the help of a computer program, it became possible in a short time to analyze the diet with the inclusion of the studied additive in three different dosages, to assess its structure, nutritional value and to carry out a zoo analysis. The ration was made up for stall and pasture keeping of young cattle of LLC "Agro-Alliance", divided into 15 animals in a group. The main fodder was procured in the same farm. The calculation showed that in the experimental groups the ration was as close as possible to the standard values, which indicates the prospects of using the studied type of feed in feeding young animals.

The article describes a method for increasing the efficiency of using solar panels when using a two-axis system for tracking the sun. A mathematical model of solar panel operation has been developed for the following applications: stationary installation of solar panels and the use of a two-axis solar tracker. The solar tracker has the ability to rotate the solar panel by the azimuth angle from 0 to 170 degrees, by the Zenith angle from 0 to 90 degrees. The paper presents a method for calculating power generation by solar panels using a solar tracker and a variant of stationary installation of solar panels. Plots of the PV panel as a function of time at stationary position of the solar panels and using a solar tracker. As a result of mathematical modeling, when using a solar tracker, compared with a stationary installation of a solar panel, electricity generation increases by 89.9% on the example of June 22, and by the example of December 22, the increase in electricity generation is 19.6 %. Using a solar tracker during the year increases the efficiency of electricity generation by solar panels by an average of 45-55%. Data on azimuth angles of sunrise and sunset, as well as the Zenith angle depending on the time of day for the 22nd day of each month are given in the table below. The results obtained are presented for coordinates: 45 degrees 3 minutes North latitude 41 degrees 59 minutes East longitude, which corresponds to the locality of the city of Stavropol in the Russian Federation.

The study analyzes the major adverse factors that caused destruction of forest stands in Novgorod region over the past 10 years based on the data on monitoring the state of forest ecosystems. Adverse effects such as weather conditions, fires, forest diseases, and insect forest pests were considered. The crucial reason of forest stand mortality in the region over the period under study was revealed. The features and patterns of the mortality of forest stands were studied with regard to their taxation characteristics and confinement to the natural landscapes of the region.

Increase in oil flax seed production largely depends on the effectiveness of the integrated protection of crops. In this regard, in 2017 and in 2018, studies were conducted to investigate the development of diseases, pests and weeds in crops depending on seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Flavobacterin at the small experimental field of the Department of Plant Production named after I. A. Stebut. The study results showed that inoculation with the biofungicide Flavobacterin is recommended before sowing for effective control of diseases in oil flax crops and in order to obtain a stable yield of high quality seeds at the level of 2.0 t/ha. This agrotechnical technique increases biological effectiveness by 72% against white rot, 87% against verticillium wilt and by 51% against blackspot. The biological preparation does not affect the development of pests and weeds in oil flax crops. In this regard, a system of weed and pest control in oil flax cultivation in the conditions of Leningrad region should be developed.

Microorganisms isolated from natural sources that have antagonistic properties are the objects of the research in this paper. The main objective of the study was to screen and characterize the antagonistic properties of microorganisms isolated from natural sources in connection with the creation of new pharmaceutical substances. Methods of cultivating strains of microorganisms, chromatographic methods, spectrometric, electrophoretic methods of analysis, and methods of cryopreservation of accumulative cultures were applied. In the course of the experiment, nutrient media for cultivating strains of antagonist microorganisms were optimized, and the physiological and biochemical properties of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonist microorganisms were studied. It is proved that lactic acid bacteria and other antagonist microorganisms show antimicrobial properties on a solid medium. The antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonist microorganisms was studied, the biocompatibility of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonist microorganisms was proved. During the investigation, the antibacterial properties of the isolated peptide fractions were determined, the fungicidal properties of the isolated peptide fractions were established, and low-molecular protein compounds with antibacterial and antifungicidal activity were identified; the toxicity indicators of identified bacteriocins and fungicides were studied in vitro. The novelty of this work consists in the development of scientifically based approaches to screening and characterization of antagonistic properties of microorganisms isolated from natural sources, as well as to the cultivation of antagonist microorganisms in connection with the creation of new pharmaceutical substances of antimicrobial action.

The article describes the characteristics of modern methods of extracting biologically active compounds from various types of plant materials. The characteristics of the advantages and disadvantages of such methods as: ultrasonic extraction method, extraction with liquefied gases, extraction with liquefied gases, electro-explosive extraction of biologically active compounds, electric discharge extraction, extraction using vibration exposure are given.

The development and use of a practical method for producing antioxidants (less energy-consuming and more economically viable) is relevant and contributes to the expansion of the market of "functional" products and the receipt of new dietary supplements. An experimental model of a laboratory low-frequency vibration extractor was developed to intensify the technological process of extraction from plant material containing ALS. Some technological parameters of the anthocyanins extraction process have been determined: raw material / extractant ratio, % extractant concentration, as well as some design parameters of a pilot plant (vibration extractor). The possibility of obtaining anthocyanins from the waste of the fruit and berry industry with a high percentage yield of biologically active substances has been experimentally shown.

In the Russian Federation, programs aimed at developing continuous improvement culture are being launched in many industrial areas of economic activity. These programs lead to the modernization of all processes and technological stages of production. Pilot projects to introduce improvement culture are already being developed and implemented in several regions of Russia. This area is currently very important and promising not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the global industry. There is already accumulated experience from a number of global manufacturing companies.

In our country the production of bakery products is the most popular food industry. In the diet of citizens, the consumption of bakery products is a priority. In this regard, increasing the variety of products, and expanding the choice of bakery products for the population are important tasks for the food processing industry. These tasks can be solved with greater efficiency by applying the latest modern technologies at enterprises, which allow them to produce products of excellent quality with reduced financial costs. In the production of bakery products, it is possible to use production intensification technologies using new methods that allow optimizing the stages of the technological process and the entire production process. The use of new methods for optimizing technological processes allows reducing costs of production by reducing the time component in the bakery production process.

In our country, the production of soft beverages is a popular direction of food industry. Fermented kvass, fruit and berry drink, lemonade, carbonated drinking and mineral water, and others are referred to non-alcoholic drinks. Currently, consumers increasingly prefer natural drinks consisting of traditional ingredients. One of the traditional drinks since ancient times revered in Russia, is bread kvas of natural fermentation. In the production of fermented drinks, modern technologies, the newest equipment, automated manufacturing processes are used, which allow intensifying technological plots for fermented kvass production using new methods. This allows optimizing stages of technological process and the entire production. The use of new methods for optimizing production processes allows reducing costs of production by reducing the time component of the technological process of kvass production.

Salvia divinorum plants were exposed to a synthetic atmosphere containing 600 ppm ¹³CO₂ for 4 hours with white light illumination and were subsequently cultured for a chase period of 10 days under standard greenhouse conditions. Salvinorin A was obtained by solvent extraction of the leaves and was purified chromatographically. The isotopolgue composition of salvinorin A was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The presence of multiply ¹³C-labeled isotopologues in considerable excess over their natural occurrence showed that the ¹³C labeling pulse had afforded multiply ¹³C-labeled biosynthate. Consecutive catabolic and anabolic reactions during the chase period afforded salvinorin A that was a mosaic revealing its origin from a mixture of labeled and unlabeled precursors. The presence of triple labeled isotopologues demonstrated that the IPP and DMAPP precursors of the diterpene, salvinorin A, were predominantly biosynthesized via the recently discovered non-mevalonate pathway.

The paper provides scientific substantiation and experimental confirmation of feasibility, prospects, and simplicity of production of high-quality purified pectin through preliminary multistage extraction of pectin-containing plant raw material, its acid hydrolysis and subsequent precipitation of pectin in the form of calcium salt. One of the most important physical and chemical properties of pectin substances is their ability to sorb and remove toxic substances from the body. These properties make pectin valuable for preventive nutrition, and as a biologically active food supplement.

Many studies in the field of food hygiene have shown the lack of functional products in the diet, in particularly, poor dietary fibre intake is one of the factors contributing to the disease of civilization. The aim of the research is development a dairy beverage composition using a cereal culture. Starter culture has been selected and the impact of yeast and starter cultures on beverage properties has been experimentally investigated. The article discusses the use of wheat and barley grains. Beverage quality properties have been shown depending on quantity and method application of starter culture and grain adjunct quantity. The methods of research were carried out according to standard methods in the ITMO University laboratories. Results of research were production of dairy beverage with high biological value and dessert composition on the whey has been developed. It has become feasible while using germinated barley flour, a large mass fraction of dry substances is transferred to the beverage and amounts to 11.47%. While preparing adjunct additionally roasting process of cereal component was included for organoleptic properties improvement. Physical and chemical characteristics of the beverage are determined, biological value calculation is presented, which shows completeness of the protein component of the beverage. The beverage is enriched with a cereal component, because quarter the dietary fibres requirement is ensured, if the product is intaken in an amount of 250 grams.

The paper considers the problems of fiber flax production in Novgorod region. The directions of increasing the efficiency of the flax complex are proposed. Options for shive application are analyzed. A project for organizing the production of fuel briquettes from shives in a flax mill is proposed.

The paper discusses the technology of harvesting fiber flax and the role of flax tedding in this process. Despite its advantages, the existing flax tedders perform the technological process insufficiently, which ultimately leads to a lower yield of long fiber when processing the retted straw at the flax mill. We analyze the performance of flax ribbons tedders and suggest a new construction increasing the intensification and quality of flax tedding.

The need to introduce innovative technologies in the food industry is a requirement of the time. What previously seemed completely incompatible is now becoming a close and complementary unity of knowledge due to the emergence of convergent technologies. In the course of a specific study, it was shown that the synthesis of biotechnology, which provides methods for working with living organisms (in our case, yeast) and nanotechnology, which forms the basis of the scientific and technological revolution, will radically change food technology. According to experts, about 85% of food production is somehow related to the use of microbiological processes. Modern food biotechnology is associated with increasing requirements for the intensification of technological processes. Acceleration of food production processes without deterioration of their quality characteristics is an extremely relevant area of research. The use of biotechnology to develop a new method of intensifying the fermentation process will provide a solution to one of the key social problems – accelerating the progress of the food industry. The relevance of research conducted in this direction is also confirmed by the fact that the use of new technologies based on innovations in various fields of knowledge and being their synthesis leads to an increase in economic and, as a consequence, social welfare. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of colloidal silver for water treatment during a series of experiments resulted in an increase in the lifting force of yeast.

The study describes the development of a new product with increased bioavailability, based on the recipe of an old Russian sour-milk drink "Snezhok". Using baked milk as the main raw material, it is possible to reduce the fat globules size, which makes the drink more digestible. The paper investigated the effect of long-term exposure of milk in the process of baking on the number and size of fat globules in milk. In addition to changing the fat fraction in clarified milk, a number of other components are changed during exposure to high temperatures. The suggested new drink may be considered a product of high nutritional value, contributing to the improvement of public health.

The concept of "Lean Production" is one of the most promising directions for the development of modern processing industries. In addition to the development of equipment and technologies, in terms of ensuring the quality and competitiveness of enterprises, we must not forget about the main factor for encouraging development and stable work – human resources. It is the competent management work with specialists that promotes the optimization of technological processes, reduces production costs, and promptly solves emerging problem situations with the development and implementation of a corrective action plan. The article considers the introduction of the lean system at one of the largest processing enterprises in the North-Western region of Russia – OJSC "Velikonogorodsky Myasnoy Dvor", Veliky Novgorod. The company started implementing this concept only recently – in 2019 and has not yet managed to get significant financial results. At the moment, the company's specialists are at the initial stages of the lean production system implementation - the types of losses that occur at the enterprise have already been identified, and measures to eliminate these losses have been worked out. During the new system's implementation period, it was found that the proposals for a technical improvement received by the management from ordinary employees of the enterprise are difficult to implement in the production process, as this complex task requires quite a lot of time. Only 18% of all proposals for a technical improvement were put into production throughout the concept implementation period. However, even such a small number of implemented ideas brought the company significant economic profit, which makes it possible to call the lean system introduction at processing enterprises a promising task.

The article substantiates and experimentally confirms the possibility of a non-starch polysaccharide – sodium alginate to form complex compounds with iron (III) and copper (II) ions. Alginates are used in medical practice as an enterosorbent for severe poisoning with metal ions due to their ability to form complexes with heavy metals, insoluble in water.

The article considers the structure and properties of chitosan obtained from natural sources of plant and animal origin. The ability of chitosan to complex formation with copper ions is studied. The isotherm of ion sorption is given, and the quantitative values of the complexation process are calculated according to the classical theory and the theory of RCC.

The article considers not only the possibility of non-starch polysaccharides to bind heavy metal ions, but the factors affecting this ability are determined. The ability of some non-starch polysaccharides to form complexes with heavy metal ions significantly depends on the structure, structure and external chemical factors. Considered polysaccharides are: pectin, chitosan and sodium alginate. Considered factors: temperature and pH.

The development of the export potential and the formation of the export policy of the region are an important process, including domestic and foreign policy components. Improving the export activity of the subject is complicated by the presence of crisis phenomena, both in the economy and in the social sphere, similar processes are observed in the agricultural sector at the present stage. In this study, the authors paid considerable attention to the theoretical component of the topic, namely, they justified the importance of export operations as a strategic resource for the development of the territory, characterized the totality of factors determining the export potential of the territory, and updated the need for an analytical study of the composition, structure and dynamics of exports in modern conditions. The basis of the analytical study was the volume of agricultural exports of Novgorod region and its changes under the influence of the existing regional policy. Particular attention was paid to determining the place of the agricultural export policy at the federal and regional levels, its goals, objectives, activities and emerging risks in the implementation process, through analysis of the national project "International Cooperation and Export", as well as federal and regional projects developed as part of national project. The study of the stated problems was also focused on the aspect related to assessing the degree of influence of export activity in the regional agro-industrial complex (AIC) on the economic and social indicators of the development of the territory, the proof of which was the confirmation of the relationship with the use of parametric methods.

Cavitation technologies are widely used in many industries: from heavy machine building to the food industry. Such a wide range of different industries testifies to the variety of tasks that can be solved using these technologies: to disinfect wastewater, carry out various processes of dispersion, mixing, homogenization and many other processes. Depending on the source-cause of cavitation, ultrasonic and hydrodynamic are distinguished. The working process of hydrodynamic cavitation is rather complicated, but the development of a correct closed mathematical model allows one to calculate the parameters of cavitation devices. The applied calculation method is important in this. The article describes the workflow of a hydrodynamic cavitation device with a pressure jump and proposes a method for calculating such devices. The calculation problem is solved by the method of successive approximations and allows one to determine the longitudinal dimensions of the device. The industrial approbation of the device, calculated by this method, showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental data.

The study of deformation of solids by high-pressure liquid (hydrostatic extrusion) is not only an interesting research problem, but an applied one. Hydrostatic extrusion method is currently widely used in various sectors of industry – from mechanical engineering to the food industry. This field of research seems relevant and promising. The paper presents the calculation results for some parameters of continuous hydrostatic extrusion of materials, shows graphs of the dependence of the axial stress in the billet on the total pressure drop along the length and graphs of the dependence of the total pressure drop along the length on the working fluid flow rate in the annular gap. The calculations were performed for the adiabatic fluid flow and for the flow with partial heat transfer. Analysis of the calculation results showed that for fixed flow rates of the working fluid and specified heat transfer conditions, maximum axial stresses can be obtained by optimal values taken for the ratios of the working chamber and the billet diameters.

Hydrostatic extrusion implemented in the fluid friction regime creates the most favorable stress state of the billet in the deformation zone, which ensures its improved mechanical properties: increased yield strength and strength with a high margin of plasticity, and greater uniformity. In order to implement the fluid friction regime throughout the entire process, a hydrostatic extrusion scheme with an uncompressed shank is proposed with the working chamber structurally divided into two cavities – radial and axial ones, and process design schemes are developed. The paper presents the results of calculation of pressure distribution along the shank for this scheme with regard to non-isothermal fluid flow in a thin annular gap, their graphical interpretation (pressure distribution diagrams along the shank at pressure drops ΔP), and data analysis. The pressure calculation results obtained can be used to determine the gap along the shank with regard to elastic deformation of the working chamber walls and the shank, and to adjust the calculation of other process parameters.

Antibiotic resistance and side effects of drugs are the current concerns of mankind. Therefore, studies aimed at finding and creating new drugs with antibiotic activity from plant materials are of high relevance. The authors formulated the composition of an ointment that contains extracts from Cetraria islandica (Icelandic moss), sphagnum and propolis for treatment of purulent wounds, and determined its pH and bioavailability in vivo. The antimicrobial activity of the ointment was studied on experimental animals. To analyze the morphological features of the wound process, three groups of animals were formed: group 1, control without treatment; group 2, treatment of the wound with Levomekol ointment; experimental group 3, treatment of the wound with ointment that consists of Icelandic moss, sphagnum and propolis. Each group included 10 animals. The ointment for treatment of purulent wounds was developed on lipophilic base with optimal pH of 5.3, antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, and it can be used in phases 1 and 2 of the wound process. It has a more pronounced therapeutic effect compared with Levomekol ointment, and facilitates earlier regeneration.

The article describes the experiment allowing to assess the expedience of using the anti-stress feed supplement Super Pre-starter in floor growing of chickens in the first week of life. The analysis of complete feeds and their comparison with the feed supplement was performed. Throughout the growing period, live weight gain was recorded; after slaughter, an analysis of anatomical indices and meat indices was carried out. The work carried out allows to conclude that the feed supplement does not lead to an increase in economic characteristics, and therefore does not have the desired economic effect.

The issues of utilization of heat recovery of high-temperature waste gases of thermal-oxidative solid and liquid waste disposal systems using cogeneration gas turbine techniques with reverse order of processes are considered. The article presents technological scheme, calculation method, design characteristics and analysis of energy and environmental efficiency of thermal-oxidative solid and liquid waste disposal systems based on rotating, layer and chamber furnaces using gas turbine techniques with reverse order of processes. The results of the analysis indicate the possibility of additional generation of electric and thermal energy, which will significantly reduce fuel consumption in the replaced thermal power plants and the corresponding negative environmental impacts. The coefficient of heat utilization in the thermal oxidation neutralization system can reach 0.72 – 0.79, the coefficient of efficiency of the system (CEWEP) 1.17 – 1.57. The obtained calculated data can be used in selecting the best available techniques for energy waste disposal using thermal-oxidative neutralization and gas turbine techniques with reverse order of processes.

The study describes the characteristics of protein metabolism in turkeys of different genotypes and age. It is established that poults during industrial cultivation were physiologically healthy, and the studied parameters fluctuated within normal limits. At the same time, the magnitude of the blood parameters depends on the age of the bird and the genotype determined by both the breed and crossing. The protein metabolism intensity determining the concentration of the total protein and its fractions in the blood of poultry, the activity of transamination enzymes (AlAT, AsAT) does not so much depend on age, but on the birds genotype. The highest level of protein parameters is found in the blood of heavy cross Hybrid Converter. At the same time, the rate of growth and development of their body is associated with the exchange of albumin and the ways of using free amino acids to cover its energy consumption. Therefore, turkey poults of this cross are superior to their analogues in terms of albumin (by 9.54%), activity of AsAT (by 1.61–6.93%) and AlAT (by 2.77–5.23%).

Turkey meat is the most valuable product for human nutrition. In this research, we suggest a technological solution for food production from turkey meat, as well as assess the influence of cross on the organoleptic characteristics of the product. The technological result of this invention was a slight reduction in the time cost of producing a gourmet food from poultry meat (turkey), while maintaining a fairly high sensory characteristics of the finished product. Also, the developed product expands the range of meat delicacies that will be presented on the domestic market. An organoleptic evaluation showed that the crossbred meat of Hybrid crosses the meat of white broad-chested crosses. It was established that the best rating was given to a product made from meat of medium cross-country hybrid poultry Hybrid Grade Maker (group III). The score was 8.62 points.

Meat products are a key part of human nutrition. It is necessary to introduce and apply new, extraordinary solutions to the problems of improving technological processes and developing optimal technologies for processing raw materials of animal origin, taking into account the biological risks at the enterprise. One of the ways to improve production technology is by using mathematical modeling and qualimetric forecasting. Semi-finished meat products are in high demand among the population lately. The purpose of the research is the application of mathematical modeling and the principles of qualimetric forecasting in the production of semi-finished horse meat products with the use of a protein fortifier. The appearance is characterized by the most significant coefficients of organoleptic assessment – 44.2%, and flavor – 15.1%. The use of mathematical modeling in assessing consumer preferences of customers and the quality of food products gives a fairly objective end result.

Turkey meat is one of the most valuable poultry products. The purpose of the study is to compare the chemical composition of meat of turkeys of different crosses in the conditions of the South Urals. For the experiment, four groups of turkey poults were chosen: medium cross Broad Breasted White; heavy cross Broad Breasted White; medium cross Hybrid Converter; heavy cross Hybrid Converter. It was found that the cross Hybrid turkey meat is qualitatively superior to the meat of turkeys of different Broad Breasted White crosses in terms of protein content in red and white meat, as well as in the lower fat content. The energy value of Broad Breasted White turkey meat was found to be insignificantly higher due to different fat content, except for the energy value of white meat from medium cross turkeys.

The high quality of the services provided is a component that determines the competitiveness of laboratories. It is necessary to update laboratories in modern conditions of the development of scientific and technological progress. Another important task is to ensure control of the quantitative content of toxic elements, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their analysis. Analysis of monitoring the quantitative content of toxic elements in food samples confirms the need for analytical express control; its implementation allows tracking the content of potentially hazardous elements in products and preventing their influence on human health. The analysis of monitoring results for 2017-2019 showed the predominant ranges of toxic elements' concentrations in various categories of products. It was revealed that when the quantitative content of cadmium is detected, the maximum number of test results falls within the range of less than 0.001 mg/kg. In the case of the quantitative content of lead detection, the maximum number of test results falls within the range of less than 0.01 mg/kg; in the case of detecting arsenic, the range is less than 0.02 mg/kg.

The lack of micronutrients in the diet of the population affects the growth of alimentary-dependent diseases, affects the preservation of health and active longevity. One of the most effective methods of preventing micronutrient insufficiency is the enrichment of mass-consumption food products with vitamin and mineral premixes. Additionally, it is recommended to enrich the missing micronutrients to the level corresponding to the physiological needs of the body with mass-use products, which can include flour confectionery products, in particular cookies. The main factors shaping the quality of finished enriched products are raw materials and production technology. A special role in the application of premixes for flour products is assigned to the mixing process, because when mixing the premix with flour, its uniform distribution must occur throughout the entire volume of the mixture to obtain high-quality finished products with a guaranteed content of vitamins and minerals declared in the premix. Development of recipes and selection of technological parameters of mixing are relevant for the practical implementation of results in industrial production. For this purpose, studies have been conducted to obtain a homogeneous flour mixture consisting of wheat flour and vitamin-mineral premix on a drum mixer. The obtained data allowed us to determine the rational parameters of mixing the initial ingredients, which produce an enriched flour mixture with the specified quality indicators. The numerical values of quality indicators were processed using multiple regression methods, on the basis of which a regression model was obtained describing the quality of a flour-enriched mixture (with a high degree of accuracy) depending on the technological parameters of mixing a drum mixer.

The rheological feature of vegetable-fruit smoothies is a non-stratified, partially heterogeneous texture that fits seamlessly into the concept of a smoothie as a healthy food drink with minimal heat treatment, containing a large number of biologically active substances, primarily vitamins, provitamins, polyphenol substances, as well as dietary fiber - the so-called "superfood", the effectiveness of which has been proven in vitro. At the same time, the stability of such drinks is a serious technological problem requiring new approaches to the solution. The aim of the study was to study the possibility of using the amylolytic enzyme preparation Termamil 2XL to achieve the stability of the rheological characteristics of the pumpkin-sea buckthorn smoothie, which together provide a stable texture of the drink. It is shown that the use of coarse pumpkin pulp does not allow to achieve the desired result in terms of stable rheological characteristics, since the smoothing separation begins almost immediately after preparation. The possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin starch, which causes a stable framework due to starch grains in tissue cells, has been established to stabilize the rheological properties of fruit and vegetable smoothies and increase the consumer characteristics of the drink. It is proved that the use of the enzyme preparation Termamil 2XL in a dosage of 0.04% and a treatment time of 60 minutes leads to the production of a stable pseudoplastic fluid with a homogeneous structure and a maximum separation of the liquid phase not exceeding 3% within 24 hours.

The hue and color intensity are referred to optical properties of soft drinks made from fruit and berry raw materials that are crucial for control of their quality and identification. In addition, a natural color of raw materials is attractive for consumers since it provides a more appealing natural appearance to the drink. Sea buckthorn drinks are prone to browning during storage due to the specific chemical composition of berries, which necessitates the control of their optical properties. The study aimed to investigate optical properties of different groups of sea buckthorn drinks during storage, namely clarified juice and dry wine material made from sea buckthorn of the Chuiskaya variety, and to establish the possibility of using some calculated parameters that characterize the drink color in techno-chemical control practices. Optical properties of drink samples were determined with a UV-1800 spectrophotometer, and the values obtained were used to calculate the parameters of intensity, hue, and yellowness. It is shown that physical methods can be used to control optical properties of sea buckthorn drinks in order to objectively assess the color as one of the basic organoleptic parameters of drink quality. It is established that the results of optical analysis are consistent with visual assessment of the sea buckthorn drink samples during storage, which opens up prospects for implementation of this research method in the laboratories of enterprises involved in processing of sea buckthorn to produce various groups of drinks.

To determine the body type of an individual according to the input parameters (age, gender, height and weight), a model is developed based on the statistical module classification trees. Based on the analysis of body type, labor intensity, gender, weight and nutritional structure for various categories of citizens, a neural network design of an algorithm for calculating the daily intake of protein, fat, dietary fiber and energy is carried out. The obtained data can serve as the basis for drawing up an individual nutritional diet. Taking into account the amino acid composition, organoleptic and economic indicators, a database is developed that allows to determine the optimal recipe of a meat product for individual nutrition. A structural-parametric model consisting of three stages (establishing the body type; determination of calorie content and requirements for protein and fat of animal origin; calculation of the energy value of the daily diet) is created in the Data Mining module to desing a products composition for individual nutrition.

The problem of iodine deficiency for most residents of the Russian Federation remains relevant for many decades. The situation is aggravated by the fact that with an inferior monotonous diet, a deficiency of proteins, vitamins and trace elements occurs side by side. To solve this problem, we can choose the path of enrichment of the product with organic iodine, as well as vitamins and vegetable protein. It is economically feasible to provide a combination of raw meat with cheaper functional components that are full in amino acid composition. The possibility of using the kelp preparation in the production of food products based on meat raw materials with the aim of correcting the iodine deficiency of the population in ecologically unfavorable areas was investigated. We used a natural iodinating dietary supplement - a hydrated preparation of Japanese kelp, which is a source of dietary fiber. A study of the process of the influence of this additive on the functional and technological properties of minced meat systems shows the promise of the use of this drug in the production technology of meat food products. In addition, the rational use of meat raw materials (fatty pork and spike fat) in combination with vegetable components (Dantex soybean texturate) and Japanese kelp in an optimal dose of 5% has a number of economic advantages compared to similar products.

A decrease of the level of basic elements of plant nutrition in soils regardless of the use of different fertilizer systems was established after the 30-year monitoring. The soil acidity had quite noticeable changes. Conservation of soil acidity indicators at the level of slightly acidic and close to neutral for 5 years was ensured by a calcium-organic complex. The fertilizer system of 200 t per ha of PMC (action and long-term aftereffect) + 2NPК contributed to the increase in the number of pedotrophic microflora in the soil, indicating an increase in the number of labile forms of organic matter involved in the synthesis of humus. The most favourable microbiological regime with balanced processes of nitrogen and humus transformation was formed when lime was combined with organic and mineral fertilizer systems (Ca + 20 or 40 t / ha of manure + 2NPK).

The successful development of sheep farming in the meat sector is largely determined by the use of molecular genetic methods and modern genotypes. The Altai Mountain breed of sheep optimally combines high wool and meat with unsurpassed adaptability to grazing in the highlands of the Altai Republic throughout the year. The genes of calpastatin (CAST) and differential growth factor (GDF9) are considered as promising markers of quantitative and qualitative signs of sheep meat productivity. It was established that in the Altai Mountain breed the polymorphism of the CAST and GDF9 genes is represented by three genotypes MM, MN, and NN; AA, AG and GG with a frequency of occurrence of 0.23; 0.72 and 0.05; 0.10; 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. The level of homozygosity (Ca) in the CAST gene was 73.1%, GDF9 – 60.6%. The level of effective alleles (Na) was higher in the GDF9 gene (1.65) compared with CAST (1.44). The level of factual (Ho) and theoretical (He) expected heterozygosity for the GDF9 gene was 0.538 and 0.651, respectively, for the CAST gene – 0.290 and 0.368, which indicates a certain lack of heterozygotes in both genes. The analysis of slaughter qualities established the superiority of carriers of the NN genotype over the MM genotype in the CAS gene in terms of pre-slaughter and carcass weight, meat ratio by 4.96 and 2.83 kg, respectively (P<0.05), 0.26 units (P<0.05). In the GDF9 gene, the AA-type sheep exceeded the peers of AG and GG-genotypes in the pre-slaughter weight, carcass weight and its output, meat ratio by 1.62 and 7.01 kg, respectively; 1.34 and 3.98 kg (P<0.05); 1.21 and 1.86 abs. percent; 0.16 and 0.39 (P<0.05) units.

The improvement of beef cattle is associated with the use of molecular genetic testing for genes associated with signs of meat productivity. The article presents the results of studies of gene polymorphism of calpain (CAPN1) and growth hormone (GH) in different sex and age groups of the Kazakh white-headed breed and its effect on the dynamics of live weight of young animals. It was found that polymorphism of the CAPN1 and GH genes is represented by three genotypes of CC, CG, GG and VV, LV, LL, respectively. The most common in the CAPN1 gene are the G allele and the GG genotype, the frequency of which ranged between 0.83-0.89 and 0.72-0.81, in the GH gene, the L allele and the LL genotype, the occurrence of which, respectively, was within 0.60-0.81 and 0.51-0.66. The carriers of the desired alleles, both in the homozygous and heterozygous state, were insignificant: in the CAPN1 gene, in the range of 0.03-0.22, in the GH gene, 0.03-0.31. In the CAPN1 gene, a lack of heterozygotes was observed in all groups, while in repair young animals it was higher than in animals of the parent herd. In the GH gene, a slight excess of heterozygotes was found in manufacturing bulls and repair bulls, while among cows and repair heifers they were deficient. Significant superiority in live weight at 8 and 12 months of age of gobies and heifers carriers of genotypes CAPN1^CC and GH^VV over peers CAPN1^GG and GH^LL was established by an average of 13.7 (P <0.05) and 6.8 %%; 12.1 (P <0.05) and 6.7 %%.

The level of aggression of invasive species in some cases is so high that natural plant communities undergo significant changes in vertical and horizontal structure of phytocoenosis. Often, the species composition of the ecosystem can also greatly decrease. For active introduction into historically established plant communities, a new species must have a special norm of genotype response, which in one or more parameters exceeds that of native species. This gives it an advantage that allows it to expand its range and dominate. The phenomenon with the species Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden is also different in that the plant causes dangerous diseases in humans. It is no coincidence that this weed has been controlled by the government in recent years.

At the present stage of development of agricultural production, the problem of providing managerial personnel exists in almost every region. Moreover, only an insignificant part of agricultural enterprises begins to accumulate experience in mutually beneficial cooperation with institutions of the professional training and retraining system. The authors paid considerable attention to the theoretical component of the topic in this study, namely, they justified the importance of agricultural personnel as a strategic resource for the development of the territory, gave a description of the totality of factors that determine the personnel potential, updated the need for an analytical study of the composition, structure and dynamics of the training of managerial personnel in modern conditions. The analytical study was based on the results of the preparation of a reserve of managerial personnel for the agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod region and its changes under the influence of the existing regional policy. Particular attention was paid to the study of the directions of the development of the personnel policy of the agro-industrial complex at the regional level, its goals, objectives, and measures by analyzing the implementation of the Law "On state support for the personnel potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod Region for 2008-2020". The authors conclude that it is advisable to develop partnerships between agricultural educational institutions and leading enterprises of the agricultural sector based on the analysis of annual reports on the staffing of the agro-industrial complex in the Novgorod region, a survey of employers on satisfaction with the level of training of specialists and areas of partnership development. The relevance of research conducted in this direction is confirmed by the fact that the integration of research approaches (professionally-competent, adaptive-innovative and practice-oriented) in the organization of training the pool of managerial personnel for agricultural production, the use of modern technologies based on innovation in managerial fields of knowledge, increases the demand for young specialists and significantly improves the situation with staffing in the industry. The result of the joint work of agricultural educational institutions and employers has a positive impact on staff training and ensures the production of new generation managers, increases the level of training of specialists who are able to solve the strategic tasks of sustainable development of the industry.

One of the best domestic dairy breeds is black-motley breed. At the same time, the Holstein breed has been one of the most highly productive for a long time. All world records for milk production were set by the Holstein breed. Moreover, it is very demanding in terms of management. In current conditions of the dairy cattle development, the semen of Holstein sires is still being used to increase the milk production of black-motley cows. Until today, there is no consensus on the optimal proportion of blood of the improving breed. The paper analyzes and evaluates the production of the daughters of sires depending on the proportion of blood of the Holstein breed. As a result, it was found that sires of Holstein lines have a positive effect on the production qualities of the black-motley breed, which ultimately leads to an increase in milk production. At the same time, in order to further improve the breeding and productive qualities of cows in herds, it is necessary to use sires assessed by the quality of the offspring, which are improvers in terms of milk yield and milk fat content. Consistent implementation of all technological solutions should be a fundamental factor in realization of the genetic potential.

At the current stage of dairy cattle breeding, one of the most pressing problems is monitoring of the feed base, which includes the procurement of high quality feed. Solution of this problem also requires a focus on ration formulation, since unbalanced feeding can cause metabolic disorders, which ultimately affects realization of the genetic potential of dairy breeds. In this regard, to increase the production of cows, it is necessary to constantly improve and optimize their feeding rates, since feeding is the most important factor to advance dairy cattle breeding. Appropriate feeding ensures cow production amounting to 6,000–8,000 kg of milk and more, with a milk fat content of 3.7–4.2%. The paper provides data on monitoring of the state of the feed base on the studied farm to ensure adequate feeding of cows. Within the stated problem, the study also focuses on the analysis and assessment of the rations of cow feeding with regard to the physiological state of the animal, which was confirmed through the use of the targeted ration. The basis of the practice-oriented study was the decision to use the information and analytical system RATIONS to calculate balanced feed rations for adequate feeding of dairy cows. In the future, the farm needs to pay special attention to introduction of adapted feeding norms for black-motley cows to satisfy their need for nutrients.

Horticulture as a branch of agriculture was developed as a means of increasing the crop productivity and economic feasibility of agricultural production. Advancement of various agricultural technologies, such as chemical and biological growth promoting substances and application of fertilizers, pesticides, substances that protect plants from diseases, causes ecological imbalance. For this reason, it is essential to perform the task of developing new technological methods that make it possible to unlock genetic potential of plants and get higher yields avoiding any environmental impact. Laser irradiation is one of such methods. Pre-sowing seed treatment with low-intensity red spectrum laser irradiation positively affects the growth and development of plants. This research paper conveys the study of the effect of red spectrum laser irradiation that allows one to irradiate mustard and radish seeds with continuous light using left and right rotating laser beam sweep in order to activate chemical matter with L- and D-conformations in plants. The effect of this treatment on germination capacity and energy was studied as well.

The study analyzes the effects of the diet and various classes of macronutrients on metabolism, as well as the use of low-carb nutrition in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The authors have proposed an optimal set of ingredients for the production of bread, the use of which will allow to correct the course of these diseases, and also will allow consumption for groups of people suffering from intolerance to gluten, milk and sugar. Two recipes for yeast-free flaxseed bread with the addition of a vegetable drink made from oats and hazelnuts, as the least allergenic foods, are proposed. The analysis of the quality of the finished product is performed, as well as the comparison of samples in nutritional value with industrial varieties of bread, including products made for the dietary sector.

The article deals with the issues of barnyard millet, Turkestan millet, foxtail millet, and proso millet cultivation in the Novgorod region conditions. In the three research years, positive results were obtained for all studied crops and varieties. Regarding climatic zone conditions, the duration of the period before harvesting ripeness, calendar harvest dates, and the level of the studied crops varieties herbage yield were identified. The herbage analysis for the content of crude protein, fiber, available energy, and feed units was conducted. It was established that the proso millet Sputnik and Regent varieties and foxtail millet Stepnoy Mayak variety ripen for seeds in the Novgorod region. The introduction of new crops in crop rotation will provide an opportunity to expand forage crops range and to strengthen the Non-Black Earth Zone forage base.

The article provides information on the distribution and condition of broad leaved forest in the Novgorod region. A semi-landscape distribution of broad leaved forest sections is presented. Based on the data of 143 sample plots, the biological diversity of broad leaved forest was estimated.

Park art as an element of cultural heritage is of great importance for the Novgorod land. The article presents the results of a survey of parks in Novgorod region. An assessment was made using the vital condition index. Measures are proposed to improve the condition of tree-shrub species.

The article discusses the problem of biodiversity conservation, on the example of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Novgorod region of Russia. The work examines the local bees breed affiliation. The regional population of the Central Russian (Central European) breed has been indigenous to this territory. The author analyzes the natural conditions of the region in which it was formed and to which it is well adapted. Due to the anthropogenic factor and appearance of man-bred new breeds, the local population began to disappear, giving way to crossbred bees. The study finds out the breed genes prevailing in their modern population and whether the aboriginal Central Russian bees survived in the region. We indicate the morphometric breed features of the bees in the region, find the differences between the bees of various regions, analyze the reasons of these differences. It becomes obvious that pure-bred Central Russian bees practically did not survive. The bees of the Carpathian (Apis mellifera carpathica), Krainsky (Apis mellifera carnica) and local Central Russian (Apis mellifera mellifera) breed had the greatest influence on the formation of the modern honeybee population in the region. Unfortunately, this situation can be considered as an example of natural biodiversity reduction, which threatens local biocenoses, especially given the important role of honey bees in them.

The article discusses the natural climatic factors affecting the yield of nectar from plants and the collection of nectar by honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Valdai district of the Novgorod region of the Russian Federation. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of air temperature and rainfall on the honey flow in the climatic conditions of North-West Russia. The meteorological observations in the main flow period were collected and analyzed during two years. The relationship between weather conditions and bees honey productivity is established. In the course of the work, the key role of air temperature and rainfall in the intensity of honey collection was confirmed. Optimum weather conditions have been established for nectar production and its collection by bees in the study area.

The article considers the problem of effective and safe ways to disinfect feed from mycotoxins using the adsorption capacity of yeast cell walls. We present the results of the study on yeast cell walls physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity by high performance liquid chromatography, using a reference sample of Trylogy multitoxins, in relation to such mycotoxins as aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol. The obtained results show that yeast cell walls have good adsorption capacity with respect to heavy mycotoxins and poorly absorb to light mycotoxins.

The development of tourism in areas related to socio-economic semi-periphery and periphery is one of the important tasks of the integrated development of the region. Geographic research is needed to assess the potential of different areas. The article proposes a methodology and presents the experience of assessing the development of the territory of the Novgorod region from the point of view of the landscape approach. Based on the assessment, areas with varying levels of development are identified, an analysis of the transport accessibility and tourist attractiveness of each landscape is given, and promising types of recreational activities are proposed.

Integrated rural development is one of the most important strategic objectives of regional policy. One of the promising types of economic activity in rural areas is tourism. According to statistics, the main flows of tourist arrivals in the Novgorod region are in several key areas, while the potential of other areas remains unused. The article provides an overview of the current state of tourist and recreational activities in rural areas in the region, analyzes the importance of rural tourism, and reveals the possibilities of its organization.

The research objects in the work were natural sources of chondroprotectors. The research purpose was to study perspective natural sources of substances with chondroprotective properties. Such natural chondroprotectors as nutraceutical products made from green tea are studied in the work. Turmeric and ginger have been used since ancient times to treat osteoarthrosis. It has been established that collagen is a part of combined chondroprotectors. The mass fraction of structural protein in various tissues and organs of a living organism varies to a large extent. In pig skin the mass fraction of structural protein reaches 64%, in human skin the content of collagen is 8% higher, in cattle skin 80%, in marine mammals more than 80%; a significant amount of collagen is found in the skin of fish. In the connective tissue of whale fat, up to 88% of collagen is contained, in whale fins up to 83%. The percentage of collagen-containing raw fish is as follows: skin up to 12.6% (of the total weight of the fish); fins up to 8%, air bladder up to 11.4%, scales to 6%, bones up to 19%, sturgeon chord up to 10.2%. Glucosamine, extracted from mollusk shells, chondroitin from shark and bovine cartilage, and collagen hydrolysates are widely used since they are the main components of cartilage matrix. The novelty of this work lies in the systematization of scientific data on perspective natural sources of substances with chondroprotective and combined properties.

The chemical processes causing the bacterial destruction of nitrogen-containing compounds in the process of biological wastewater treatment are considered. The influence of nitrogen-containing compounds concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature, pH of the medium, and oxidation-reduction potential on the efficiency of the biological treatment processes was studied.

Yoghurts are superior to milk in many ways in preventive nutrition and can be used in daily human nutrition. The purpose of the research is to assess the safety indicators of the developed functional bioyogurt. The safety indicators of the developed product are revealed. Microbiological indicators of the fermented milk product meet the requirements of the current regulatory documentation. The content of toxic elements is significantly lower than the established permissible levels and meets the requirements of technical regulations. Antibiotics were not found in the studied products. The content of pesticides and mycotoxins in functional bioyogurt meets the requirements of regulatory documents. The content of radionuclides does not exceed the norm. The developed bioyogurt for functional purposes is completely safe (from the point of view of the requirements of technical regulations).

In the Novgorod region, the effectiveness of the integrated use of new microbiological preparations of Azotovit, Phosphatovit and mineral fertilizers has been investigated. The purpose of the experiment was to increase the yield of green mass of oatmeal mixture. Field experiment took place in 2017-2019 on sod-podzolic light loamy, clay-laden soil. Of the varieties recommended for cultivation in the North-West region, the following objects of research were used: spring vetch Lyudmila and oats of spring variety Borrus. Three methods of applying micronutrient fertilizers were tested: presowing treatment of seeds; foliar treatment in the phase of branching the wiki and tillering of oats; seed treatment presowing + foliar in the phase of branching the vetch and tillering of oats on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition - background 1 – N82P105К70 and background 2 – N41P53К35. The highest yield of green mass of oatmeal mixture (on average over 3 years) – 42.4 t/ha (6.8 t. units/ha) and digestible protein of 0.85 t/ha were obtained with a dose of mineral fertilizers per calculated yield N82P105K70 during seed treatment before sowing with microbiological fertilizers (Azotovit, Phosphotovit), as well as spraying the ground vegetative part of the vetch (in the branching phase) and oats (in the tillering phase). Doses: Azotovit –1.0 l/ha + Phosphotovit – 1.0 l/ha. At the same time, the energy intensity of production of one ton of feed units in this embodiment was 2.2 GJ. In addition, energy efficiency was 4.7 units, and the increase in soil energy potential was 15 GJ/ha.

The authors conducted research on the effect of the olin probiotic on biochemical and indicators of the natural resistance of the quail of the Pharaoh breed. Changes in the morphological parameters of quail blood were noted (an increase in the number of red blood cells by 5.12-5.76% was observed in the blood, an increase in the amount of hemoglobin was also noted). No changes in the numbers of leukocytes and platelets were detected. The strengthening of humoral factors of natural resistance was facilitated by the introduction of a probiotic in the quail diet (lysozyme activity of blood serum was higher than the control values by 12.72%, bactericidal activity - by 7.27%). When analyzing the results of the studies, it was noted that the indicators of cellular immunity increased, a significant number of indicators significantly increased in the blood serum of quail from the experimental groups. Indicators such as poultry safety increased by 4.00-5.05%. The conducted studies convincingly proved the pronounced positive effect of olin on the functional state of the quail organism.

The objects of this research are microplants of 3 potato varieties acquired from the lab of Novgorod regional branch of Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian agricultural center" in order to create a nursery. The research goal is to study the characteristics of growth and development of potato varieties, to gain healthy starter material in Novgorod region and to use it in seed production. In the course of this research, phenological observations of growth and development of potato microplants were performed, the effect of the application of "Agrovit-Kor" fertilizer on growth and development of potato microplants was studied and a field nursery of elite and super-elite class potatoes was created. As a result of the study of crops productivity and harvest indexes in D. P. Pavlyuk farm, Aurora potato variety was singled out. Productivity of its plants was 319.7 gram per one bush and its harvest index is 1:15. Impala potato variety stood out in the course of the same study in N. S. Kolesnikov farm - productivity of its plants was 220.9 gram per one bush and its harvest index was 1:12. Red Scarlett variety gives constant yields of potato minitubers. We recommend to perform health-improvement of Red Scarlett potato variety, increase the growing space of microplants, adjust air conditions in greenhouses, improve the drip irrigation system and if possible, install an automatic control system; add growth promoting substances to soil mixture in order to enhance the resistance of microplants to the air conditions in greenhouses; to plant out microplants in the first decade of June for better survivability and protection from late spring frosts and temporary drought that might come due to a sharp rise of mean daily temperatures. We recommend to use "Agrovit-Kor" fertilizer and add calculated doses of humates and growth promoting substances to soil mixtures in order to improve survivability, to encourage an even formation of plants habitus and to increase the harvest index of potato minitubers. In order to improve water conditions, it is required to install a drop irrigation system, expand the range of usage of middle-early potato varieties of Russian ("Eurasia") and Belarusian ("Yanka", "Skarb") selection.

The herbage of rapeseed is a valuable feed with a high protein content, as in legumes. It is widely used in the green conveyor system, as a silage crop and for grazing when regrowing after mowing. In many countries with developed agriculture, there is a tendency to increase the area occupied by rapeseed. The correct selection of spring rapeseed varieties is crucial for their successful cultivation. According to the results of our research, the Oredezh 4 rapeseed variety showed itself to be fast-growing, and its mowing ripeness came on the 37th day. A higher yield compared to other varieties on average for two years of research provided a variety of spring rapeseed Oredezh 2.

The article studies promising varieties of spring rape and makes an agrobiological assessment of them in conditions of summer sowing in Novgorod region on the example of the varieties Oredezh 1, Oredezh 2 and Oredezh 4. We indicate the varieties with the biggest yield of green mass and seeds, as well as having an advantage in a number of other economically valuable traits, relevant and significant for agricultural production. Features of rape in compositions with two varieties of vetch sown for green mass were studied for the first time. The most optimal composition for highest green mass yield and the best sowing season are established. The varieties of rape giving the biggest yield are identified.

This article discusses the Essentuki deposit, namely the Central area. The scheme of the field and the hydrogeological section are presented. The methodology of constructing a mathematical model for the extraction of mineral raw materials is shown. Namely, a flat-spatial mathematical model of the hydrolithospheric processes of the Essentuki groundwater deposit was recorded. In this case, the hydrolithospheric processes in aquifers are described by spatial models, and the processes in aquicludes by flat models. It also shows how to take into account the geological and hydrogeological structure of an object as much as possible when building a mathematical model. It is shown how the boundary conditions of the object are set. The physical parameters of the object and geometric data used in mathematical modeling are presented. The article presents the result of modeling the extraction of mineral raw materials from one layer. The stages of construction of control systems for the parameters of hydrolithospheric processes are considered.

In the article the results of a statistical analysis of the effectiveness of using modern technical equipment in crop production are presented. The analysis of data of Federal State Statistics Service on the technical condition of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation (APK RF) and agricultural organizations of the regions and republics of North-Western Federal District (SZFO) indicates that, against the background of an increase in the power support for labor in agriculture, a constant decrease in its energy supply with appropriate technical equipment is observed. An increase in quality of crop products is largely determined not only by the agricultural technologies used, but also by domestic technical resources that are in service in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation and whose quality parameters and after-sale service need to be cardinally improved.

In a field experiment in 2019, the growth, development and formation features of 34 corn hybrids yield were studied in OOO Skopa, Sonkovsky district, Tver region (Russia). 4 groups of hybrids with different productivity, average green mass yield with ears and absolutely dry phytomass (t/ha) were revealed: 1 – 6 hybrids (17.6%) 79.48 and 18.55; 2 - 6 hybrids (17.6%) 58.97 and 11.1; 3 – 13 hybrids (38.2%) 41.1 and 9.4; 4 – 9 hybrids (26.1%) 31.2 and 7.3 t/ha. The most productive were the hybrids LG 30189 (LimaGrain, France) and Zeta 110 S (LABOULET, France), which has a green mass yield of 87.5 and 91.8 t/ha, of absolutely dry mass – 21.39 and 18.52 t/ha, the PAR efficiency of these crops was 3.49 and 3.08%. Of the Russian hybrids, the most productive were Cascade 195 SV (Rossoshhybrid), ZP 190 SV and Voronezh 158 (Golden ear) with a green mass yield of 44.8 - 49.0 t/ha, absolutely dry 9.10 – 10.7 t/ha.

Fruit and berry sauces are an important and valuable component of nutrition due to sugars, organic acids and biologically active substances. Sauce recipe development should include methods of pre-processing of berries to provide the highest yield of puree while preserving the valuable components of fresh berries. The study focuses on effective methods for processing cornel berries to obtain the maximum yield of puree with high physical and chemical properties. It is shown that the yield of puree can be increased through maximum disruption of the cell cytoplasmic membrane before pulping raw materials that can be attained by blanching (short-term action of steam or hot water for 5–15 minutes), freezing, and microwave treatment. Fresh, ripe, pure, odorless, and mold-free cornel berries of the same pomological variety were taken to conduct the study. The berries pre-sorted and prepared were subjected to freezing, steam and hot water blanching, and microwave treatment at three power modes of the microwave oven. The processed mass of cornel berries was pulped to determine the content of solids, vitamin C, and pH value. It was found that the highest yield of puree (77.5%) from cornel berries is attained through microwave treatment at 350 W. Freezing and steam blanching provide the puree yield of 71.5 and 69.3%, respectively. However, freezing of berry raw materials is accompanied by losses during defrosting. Hot water blanching reduces the amount of soluble solids, which is confirmed by the values of physical and chemical properties of cornel puree.

The article considers the issues of a comprehensive environmental survey of a territory promising for the creation of a regional nature monument "Batutinka River Valley and Lowland Marshes in its Basin". Giving the territory the status of specially protected natural territory (SPNT) will make it possible to carry out measures for its protection, conduct research and environmental monitoring, as well as prevent unauthorized use of natural resources. The rationale for the concept is due to the presence of rare and endangered species of plants, mushrooms and animals (at least 23 objects of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, Red Book of the Novgorod Region) and their places of growth (habitat). The profile of SPNT can be assessed as integrated (landscape), designed to preserve and restore natural landscapes; hydrological, designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and ecological systems, especially swamp massifs; biological, designed to preserve and restore rare and endangered species. Obviously, the listed groups of objects are diverse, interconnected, large-scale, have independent value, but their combined value is higher. They are components of a single natural-territorial complex, the preservation of which requires a systematic approach.

The article is devoted to the use of low-intensity laser radiation and pectin containing feed additives in animal husbandry to activate the excretion of radionuclides through the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys of black-motley bulls for fattening in order to reduce their retention in the body. As a result of the studies, the high efficiency of these factors is proved. The specific most effective radiation doses for gobies were determined. Mountain ash berry as a food supplement is recommended to enhance the positive effect of low-intensity laser radiation.

A methodology based on statistical methods for optimizing multicomponent compositions is applied for meat product recipes design. Using raw materials of animal and plant origin, virtual arrays of input variables (raw materials) are developed and chemical (protein, fat), mineral and vitamin compositions are calculated for each data array. The calculation of balance and rationality of the amino acid composition in the feedstock is established by clustering method. As a result, the recipe of cooked sausage based on raw materials of plant and animal origin is developed. The optimal recipe for the developed meat product has a high utilitarian coefficient (0.856), the amino acid rate of the limiting amino acid is 0.87. The manufactured prototype is distinguished by high organoleptic characteristics (average organoleptic indicator – 4.8 points). The finished product yield to the unsalted raw materials mass is equal to 120.3%.

The article is devoted to the consideration of agricultural products moisture content measurement error estimation with the use of a four-element capacitive sensor model by means of the authors' method for multi-element bipoles parameters determining. The results of the specified method mathematical modeling and experimental investigations, which confirm measurement accuracy increasing by reducing the resultant method error in comparison with known methods, are presented in the article.

Today energy industry is a fundamental sector of the world economy as it is an energy component that industrialization and digitalization processes of modern society depends on. Economical activities require the following energy properties: reliability, efficiency, non-stop consumer supply. Each year, to implement these requirements becomes more difficult, since dramatic transition from the available energy supply systems to different and innovative ones is taking place in the energy supply sector. In addition, the problem of improving energy-saving technologies becomes the priority in the agro-industrial complex (APK). This article considers the issue of improving energy-saving technologies in irradiation units of greenhouse complexes due to the optimization of reactive power compensation modes using predictive algorithms for controlling devices of compensation of reactive power under non-stationary modes of non-linear loadings. A compensator control algorithm is proposed based on the correlation analysis of energy processes.

The condition of the vegetation cover in Moscow was estimated using the NDVI vegetation index. To construct synthetic images, Landsat 5, 7, and 8 multispectral satellite images taken during the active vegetation period from 1999 to 2019 were used. Index indicators are calculated for pine forests located in protected areas, in urban parks among high-rise buildings and inside private low-rise building districts. The results showed differences in the NDVI values between these three types of birch forests, however, temporal trends show similar dynamics of changes in the physiological state of trees over the studied period.

Generalized linear models (GLM-models) are used to assess the effectiveness of environmental protection in Moscow. As the object of research, we selected projects of economic activity in natural and green areas in Moscow. The effectiveness of environmental protection work was considered as a dependent variable, and the nature of economic activity, environmental protection status, the work of social activists and environmental protection structures, as well as biotopic characteristics of the territory were considered as independent predictors. To assess the quality of the obtained models, ROC-curves were constructed. In accordance with the results obtained, the best model includes three predictors - active environmental protection work by the public and officials, and forest vegetation.

The demand for semi-finished meat products has a steady upward trend, and therefore the development of new types of semi-finished products is relevant. The purpose of the research is to assess the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of a semi-finished product made of poultry meat and plant raw materials. The results of the organoleptic analysis showed that the samples were highly appreciated by the tasters. Physico-chemical indicators of semi-finished products meet the requirements of GOST 32951-2014 Semi-finished meat and meat-containing products. Thus, the conducted studies of organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of semi-finished products showed the possibility of their implementation.

To achieve a balanced composition of the product in terms of nutritive value, many researchers recommend combining meat raw materials with vegetable components. The paper presents a technique to optimize the formulation of minced meat semi-finished products developed by mathematical modeling. The main components of semi-finished products are broiler chicken meat, egg melange, and onion, protein-fat emulsion made of chickpea flour, sunflower oil and water. Optimization was aimed at obtaining the ratio of the components to meet the requirements established for nutritive values. At the same time, the recommended amount of vitamin and mineral for adults and the requirements of normative documentation for the quality of semi-finished meat products were taken into account. The target function was the protein content to obtain its maximum value. The optimized formulation obtained was used to make samples of meat semi-finished products, and sensory indicators were evaluated. The results showed that addition of chickpea flour affected the product color. Thus, we can conclude that mathematical modeling is an efficient tool to fabricate a product with desired properties. A combination of raw materials of vegetable and animal origin allows development of nutritionally balanced formulation.

The study was conducted at the biological treatment facilities of Veliky Novgorod. It has been established that the main percentage of metals is contained in the organic component of the conditionally solid phase of excess activated sludge. Based on the study of the elemental composition of the excess activated sludge, it is concluded that organic compounds containing aromatic, aliphatic and amine-containing functional groups are very diverse in the excess activated sludge. Main classes of substances making up the excess activated sludge are established. The mass fractions of the main classes of organic compounds established by the rational method are in good agreement with the analysis of the main classes of organic compounds that make up the excess activated sludge of biological treatment plants. The main compounds making up the inorganic component of the conditionally solid phase of excess activated sludge are determined. The study reveals a large variety of both organic and inorganic compounds in the excess activated sludge, which are able to bind heavy metal ions from aqueous medium due to physical and chemical interactions.

The aim of this study is to select a phytoremediation plant for cleaning sludge beds of biological treatment plants from heavy metals. The study was conducted on sludge beds of biological treatment facilities of Veliky Novgorod with a sludge retention time of 1 year and 15 years. It is established that the forms of metals in the sludges and wastewater sludge depend on the nature of the metal. Manganese (II) predominantly binds to compounds that make up sludge and wastewater sludge by the ion exchange mechanism, copper (II) – by the complex formation mechanism, zinc (II) – is codeposited with calcium and magnesium carbonates, manganese (IV) and iron hydroxides (III). Six selected plants were analyzed (bedstraw, cow vetch, field daisy, silverweed cinquefoil, base vervain, winter cress), those growing on sludge beds with a sludge retention time of 15 years, for the content of copper (II), zinc (II) and manganese (II) in different parts of plants. The phytoremediation plant was selected according to the indicators of the coefficient of biological accumulation (coefficient of biological accumulation) and translocation factor. It has been established that the bedstraw can be called a universal phytoremediation plant, in the absence of significant sludge contamination with copper (II), it is most preferable to use base vervain. Selected phytoremediation plants can be used for artificial planting on sludge beds in order to further use these beds as fertile lands.

The adsorption of heavy metal ions from binary solutions was studied using Co (II) as an example in the concentration range from 1 to 50 mg/dm3 and the adsorption of heavy metal ions from multicomponent solutions using Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) by fractions of ceramic chips of 0.5-1.0 mm and 1.0-2.0 mm. It was established that the value of the ultimate saturation of Co (II) ions with ceramic chips depends on the pH value. The maximum value of the ultimate saturation for Co (II) ions is reached at pH = 9, the smallest – at pH = 3. An increase in temperature from 273 to 353 K leads to an increase in the ultimate saturation for Co (II) ions. Experimental data on the sorption of metal ions from multicomponent solutions show that the rate of achievement of the ultimate saturation of the sorbent in a metal depends on the value of the ionic radius. The ultimate saturation limit for a metal at the same concentration of metals and the presence of other metals is greatest for Cu (II), the smallest for Co (II). The results of the study indicate the high efficiency of ceramic chips as a sorbent of heavy metal ions from wastewater of various industries, which indicates the possibility of practical use of ceramic chips for wastewater treatment from heavy metals, especially taking into account the availability and the possibility of using it without regeneration with recycling in production pigments.

The article studies petrochemicals and phenols adsorption in static and dynamic conditions from model petrochemical solutions. It was established that the adsorption of resorcinol occurs in micropores by volumetric filling, this process is best described by the Dubinin-Astakhov equation. The adsorption of petrochemicals occurs on the sorbent surface, forming a monolayer, this process is best described by the Langmuir equation. Based on the kinetic curves of petrochemicals and resorcinol adsorption, DEC (dynamic exchange capacity) and FDEC (full dynamic exchange capacity) have been calculated for activated carbons and fibrous sorption material. Using the Shilov equation, kinetic constants of the adsorption dynamics for resorcinol and petrochemicals on various sorbents are calculated. The study proved the promising use of sorbents for wastewater treatment of various industries.