Table of contents

2019 5th International Conference on Advances in Environment Research (ICAER 2019) which was successfully held in Singapore during 13-15 August, 2019. ICAER 2019 was organized by Hong Kong Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society (HKCBEES), Environment and Agriculture Society (EAS).

ICAER 2019 is one of the leading international conferences for presenting novel and fundamental advances in the fields of Advances in Environment Research. It also serves to foster communication among researchers and practitioners working in a wide variety of scientific areas with a common interest in improving Advances in Environment Research related techniques. Prof. Ngai Weng Chan from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia has been invited to do the welcome address; Prof. Kuo-Lun Tung from National Taiwan University, Taiwan has given his keynote speech"Highly Zeolite-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membranes for Alkaline Fuel-Cell Electrolytes"; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shanti Faridah binti Salleh from Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Sarawak, Malaysia has shared her keynote speech "Rural Electrification for Sustainable Development: Key Issues and Challenges"; Prof. Ngai Weng Chan from School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia has also presented his keynote speech"Holistic Urban Water Management Integrating Rainfall Harvesting, Water Conservation and Sustainable Drainage Systems in Universiti Sains Malaysia".

Many researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world have presented their research results and development activities. There were two sessions for presentations: Environmental Management and Engineering, Renewable Energy and Electric Energy. It is a golden opportunity for the students, researchers and engineers to interact with the experts and specialists to get their advice or consultation on technical matters, sales and marketing strategies.

List of Conference Chair, Program Chairs, Technical Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The occurrence of the 2011 East Japan Earthquake prompted the country to accelerate the development of BCP/BCM-based communities aimed at establishing autonomous energy systems and implementing disaster management. This idea is also considered to be a comprehensive concept for addressing the effects of climate change. In this case, flexible urban planning proposals were made and targets, measures and assessment procedures were tried and established in various areas such as urban planning, energy, transportation, health and welfare. According to the results, the corresponding measures and the emergency early warning treatment plan after the disaster are proposed to achieve the purpose of risk assessment.

Authors of this article presents the results of experimental research of the temperature potential of ventilation emissions in apartment buildings in Moscow. Also this paper offers an analysis and synthesis of technological schemes and technical solutions for natural ventilation systems used in apartment buildings. The systems of natural ventilation of lower-cost multi-storey buildings have been analyzed. The influence of various factors on the parameters of operating modes of natural ventilation systems have been also analyzed. As a result of the analyses it has been found, that the operated apartment buildings largely do not ensure air exchange required according to sanitary regulations, which results in adverse effects for the health, efficiency and life expectancy of population.

This paper is to discussing traffic accessibility and point of interest spatial network on the relationship between urban point of interest and the urban road network, First, we introduced the distribution of POI (points of interest, such as business, banking, catering, and attractions), and determining the road traffic and accessibility of cities through urban map data. Secondly, the spatial network formed by the POI is used to find the main factors, analyze the correlation between road traffic density and the road traffic density. Finally, the GIS platform is used for data organization for system analysis, mining urban data to obtain feature factors, and urban space optimization strategy. The studies results show urban POI affect road traffic through functional attributes, leading to changes in urban space.

Electric vehicles (EV) are viewed as an environmental-friendly travel device but bring the driver with range anxiety. One of the solutions to tackle this issue is to recharge at the fast charging station (FCS). Since the traffic flow of the transportation network and the operation condition of the fast charging station varies from time to time, it is important to implement real-time charging guiding for the EV drivers. In this paper, we propose a distributed guiding method to search for the best FCS with minimum sum of time cost and electricity purchasing cost. The EVs are viewed as a distribution of spatial and temporal electrical loads, which would affect the locational marginal price (LMP) of the FCS. The varied LMPs would also react upon the EV driver's choice. The proposed guiding method utilizes the wireless communication technologies. Simulation test demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed EV guiding method in an integrated energy system.

Turbine generator is a kind of small power generation equipment widely used in drilling, military and other fields, but there is no practical application in pipeline for transporting natural gas at present. In this paper, the working principle and technical characteristics of turbine generator are expounded, indicating that the way of using the kinetic energy of natural gas transported in the pipeline to convert to mechanical energy to generate electricity has a good prospect in engineering application. Based on design theory of turbine blade and VB language programming, 3d blade model is established. CFD software is used to simulate the flow field of the blade, and the distribution of velocity and pressure in the single periodic flow path of stator and rotor is obtained, providing feasible technical means for testing turbine hydraulic performance in practical engineering.

Energy refers to various resources that can be directly obtained or be obtained through processing or conversion, including coal, crude oil, natural gas, coal-bed methane, water energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy and other primary energy, electricity, thermal energy, refined oil and other secondary energy, as well as other new and renewable energy. Energy is an important material basis of national economy, and the future national destiny depends on the control of energy. The development and efficient use of energy and per capita consumption are important indicators of production technology and living standards. This paper analyzes the relationship between China's energy status and One Belt And One Road security from the aspects of China's energy status, China's energy consumption in the next 30 years, China's various energy basic conditions and important energy policies related to countries along the silk road. It is found that "The Belt And Road" strategy provides support and conditions for China's energy development.

The qualitative results of this empirical thesis are the four superior challenges "reduced time for development", "integration of the value chain", "reduction of complexity" and "digital transformation", which apply to the product development of wind turbines. It is assumed that these superior challenges apply to a variety of business areas rather than only for the product development. Recommendations for actions to reduce the time for development are "customized integration of agile approaches", "break down silo mentality" and "optimization of the innovation culture". For the integration of the value chain in the product development process, an "establishment of a common basis of trust", "establishment of multi-company development networks" and an "increase of compatibility of different tools and process automation" are recommended. A reduction of complexity can be achieved with an "expansion of the available capacities in predevelopment" and "development of long-term multi-platform strategies". The challenges and possible solution approaches for "digital transformation" need further investigation, but it is clear to advise to "ensure access to operational data through digital business models or service contracts".

Puerto Princesa Underground River (PPUR) was proclaimed as national park in 1971 and included in the seven wonders of nature in 2012. It is located in the West coast of Palawan Philippines and north of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan Philippines. The underground river is the longest navigable river with a unique karst environment, home for endangered and endemic flora and fauna is a must see destination for tourists. Its management is unique, since it is manage by the city government and the Protected Area Management Board. The objective of this study is to describe and assess the activities done by the management in terms of its objectives as national park which is divided into three categories as; primary (genetic diversity, environmental services and tourism and recreation), secondary (scientific researches. Wilderness protection, and natural features and education) and tertiary (sustainable use). Documentary analysis, actual site immersion, interviews and focal group discussion were employed to gather pertinent data for this study. Result showed that the unique management of PPUR had done several activities in consonance with its objectives as national park. Activities done is geared on keeping the balance between community-driven protection and conservation of the park's ecological integrity, its Outstanding Universal Value, and inclusive development through Transformative Tourism activities. Community empowerment had transformed the lives of residents in PPUR without prejudicing the environmental sustainability of the park.

This research is motivated by changes in infrastructure that occur in the old city, the changes in question are the frequent occurrence of flooding in this region. The flooding that occurred was estimated to be caused by subsidence. In addition, subsidence that has other effects, for example seawater intrusion in the Old City, which is located close to the north coast of Java, is also relatively close to about 3 km. The purpose of this study was to find a relationship between seawater intrusion and micro-gravity anomalies between times. The methods carried out are as follows: (1) choose Gravimeter with micro precision. For this study using the Autograv CG5 type, (2) determining the location of the measurement point, which is not expected to experience physical damage due to natural or human behavior for a certain interval, (3) measuring gravity for two different periods in September 2017 and March 2018 at the same point, (4) processing data with initial corrections, namely tidal correction to reduce tidal effects, float correction, and correction of the dynamics of groundwater levels associated with rainfall, and (5) conduct chemical tests of water samples taken from residents' wells at the Research site. The results showed that the negative time-weight gravity anomaly correlated with an average groundwater level decrease of 15,468 cm. This is in accordance with the fact that during this range rainfall trends tend to decline from September 2017 to March 2018. This decrease in ground water causes maximum subsidence and occurs in the south-southwest 2.3 cm. This zone experiences sea water intrusion which is characterized by the content of Na (60-100%) and Cl (100-160%).

Niger delta is recognized as the third mega deltas in the history of mankind. Understanding the sediment dynamics and morphodynamics relationship between the morphology of the bedrocks to the hydrodynamic of its transport sediments is crucial for water bodies' preservation, conservation, and sustainability. Sediments transportation in Niger delta involves a two-phase flow system in which one phase is considered to be fluid and the other phase is solid. The water bodies is seldom saturated with sediments occasioned by irregular solid waste dumps, erosions debris, and transported at ease without any form of management or control for many years now. Consequently, poor water resources, agriculture and fishery production are at extreme lost as sediment transport and deposition influences great magnitude of useful river dynamics. Therefore, the objective of this study is focused on whether sediment transport has an effect on the morphology of the channel in the Niger Delta basin. It is necessary to determine the relationship between these two key variables; Sediment yield and channel morphology. A correlation matrix was generated in MS Excel to determine the underlying relationship between the variables under study with a coefficient of determination of 11.23% and a positive correlation between suspended sediment yield, bed load and channel morphology of +0.345. The paper will be useful to research institutions, water resources agencies, government and environmental experts and engineers.

During the early periods of civilization, solid waste was conveniently collected transported and disposed because of the low number of population. However, waste generation is expected to increase becasue of rapid population growth and consequently shows an increase in solid waste collection, transportation, and disposal. Waste transportation planning is a difficult task due to the issues of the increasing numbers of garbage vehicles and the fluctuation of fuel prices as well as the cost-effectiveness and health and environmental impacts. An unsustainable waste collection and transportation is heading towards a variety of indirect human health impacts. Accordingly, the vehicle routing problem (VRP) plays a significant role in the field of waste collection and transportation system. This study compares three different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA approaches for the waste transport in Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand. The three scenarios are modelled using GaBi 7 software tool and results are presented based on the CML 2001. The assessment outcomes indicated that the routing optimization with diesel and electric garbage trucks could significantly reduce the GWP impact by 8.51% and 66.44% compared to the baseline scenario, respectively.

Airborne microbes are examined generally by sampling them on culture media and counting the number of their colonies formed. However, because it takes at least two days for bacteria and five days for fungi to be cultivated, reliable data may not be obtained in a time of need. Therefore, the development of simple and quick detection methods is required. In this study, rapid detection methods of indoor airborne bacteria for the improvement of quality and environmental management were reviewed, and a basic study on simplified monitoring techniques of airborne bacteria applicable to food factories was carried out.

The accumulation of marine debris in the oceans has been escalating. There is an urgent need to develop new technologies that efficiently record and transmit ocean data without contributing to ocean pollution. In this study, the behaviour of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polylactic Acid-Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PLA-PHA) in marine environments was analysed in order to assess biodegradability in marine applications. 3D Printed samples were submerged completely in seawater and cyclically in a salt spray chamber. Their change in mechanical properties was evaluated by conducting uniaxial tension tests after submersion periods of up to 45 days and failure regions were observed in microscope. Contrarily to PLA's behaviour, PLA-PHA's samples suffered embrittlement and registered losses in elongation at break of around 10-18%. The alignment of salt crystals and other impurities in the failure regions suggests that embrittlement could be related with environmental stress cracking resulting from the penetration of those impurities into the polymer. Such inclusions originate residual stresses which lead to a faster and more brittle failure. Embrittlement could also be related to an increase in crystallinity caused by chain scission of amorphous regions by means of chemical degradation. Further evaluation of changes in molecular weight should be conducted to confirm the latter.

Limited work has been done to assess the types and levels of PACs in domestic and treated wastewater in arid and semi-arid countries. In these countries, reuse or artificial recharge of treated sewage effluent is commonly practiced. Thus, the objectives of this study were to quantify the levels of selected PACs in domestic wastewater in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to assess the effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment plants in their removal. An analytical protocol was developed for the analysis of 15 PACs using a UPLC-MS/MS system. Four batches of water and sludge samples were collected from different locations at Al Saad Wastewater Treatment Plant in Al Ain, UAE. Aliquots of each sample were enriched by solid phase extraction. Results show that phenylephrine, dapsone, noscapine, propyl gallate, genistein, and ketoconazole were present in the raw wastewater at low levels (<0.1 μg/L), while acetaminophen and caffeine were present at high levels (>10 μg/L). The overall removal efficiency of the tested PACs from the water stream exceeded 99% for cotinine, acetaminophen, caffeine, naproxen, and ibuprofen, but significantly drops (<50%) for phenylephrine, amoxicillin, dapsone, noscapine, spiramycin, noscapine, genistein and ketoconazole. Analysis of the results indicate that, for highly removed PACs, the main mechanism of removal is possibly aerobic biodegradation. However, for tyramine, dapsone, 9-aminoacridine, noscapine, propyl gallate, and ketoconazole sorption onto the mixed liquor suspended solids first occurs followed by removal by anaerobic digestion. Results of the study should be useful for properly managing treated sewage effluent and sewage sludge.

In the context of global research, soil non-point source pollution is becoming more and more severe. Biochar is used as a soil amendment to repair soil. Therefore, research on biochar has received extensive attention. According to relevant literature reports, biochar has strong adsorption performance, and according to its nature, it can improve the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in crops and fix nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Also, biochar can also improve soil structure and reduce the migration of N and P with soil media. The research mechanism of biochar is distinct. The article cites the results of the majority of researchers and explains the effects of different biochars. Biochar has a certain promoting effect on nitrogen, phosphorus adsorption, conversion and leaching. In the future, we should strengthen the prospect of biochar in the treatment of soil environment and sustainable development of the environment.