Table of contents

PREFACE

It is our great pleasure to welcome all of you to the 5th International Conference on Environment and Renewable Energy (ICERE 2019) which was held in 25-28th February, 2019, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ICERE 2019 is dedicated to issues related to Environment and Renewable Energy.

ICERE 2019 is supported by Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This conference is highlighted by several professional speakers. Assoc. Prof. DAM SAO MAI who is the Dean of the Biotechnology and Food Technology Institute, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam; Prof. Hee-Je Kim from Pusan National University, South Korea; Prof. Tseung-Yuen Tseng form National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; Prof. Dr. Georg Bastian from Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany had attended the conference as keynote speakers. We also have four invited speakers. They are Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Anh, Dr. Thanh-Ba Nguyen, Dr. Gia-Buu Tran, Dr. Ngoc-Nam Trinh. All of them are form Industrial University of Ho-Chi-Minh City, Vietnam.

There were seven sub-sessions and one poster session with different topics: Renewable Energy and Energy Engineering, Food Science and Engineering, Resource Science and Engineering, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Photovoltaic System and Power System Management, Building and Energy, Building and Energy. It was a golden opportunity for students, researchers and engineers to interact with the experts and specialists to get their advice or consultation on technical matters, dissemination and marketing strategies.

On the third day of the conference, we had half day academic visit in Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, visiting their laboratories, exchanging ideas with local professional staffs and half day city tour to enjoy the view of Ho Chi Minh City. This proceeding presents a selection from papers submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries. All papers were subjected to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers. The papers were selected based on high quality and relevancy to the conference scope. The volume is presenting recent advances in the field of Environment and Renewable Energy and various related areas, such as Energy-saving Technology, Energy Materials, Environmental Protection, Nuclear Energy Engineering, Power Machinery and Engineering.

We would also express our sincere gratitude to organizing committee and the volunteers who had dedicated their time and efforts in planning, promoting, organizing and helping the conference.

Prof. Dr. Georg Bastian

Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany

2019-05-22

List of Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Short rotation coppices (SRC) can produce large amount of dendromass in a short time. From an energetic point of view, one of the most important challenges are the outstanding amount of ash content, which is primarily generated due to the high bark content of the thin shoots. Our research was carried out for measuring bark content of four species/clones performed in three different vegetation years. The experimental plantation is located in the northwestern part of Hungary. The results show that the bark content strongly depends on the applied harvest frequency and tree species. Based on the measurements, the Robinia pseudoacacia and the Salix alba species have the largest bark content in the first year but the value can be reduced by around 50% by using longer harvest rotation. Having analyzed the whole stem, the bark percentage of the Populus x euramericana clones increased from 5.5% to 33.7% from the cutting height to the tip. The minimum value was at the diameter class of 24-28 mm. In the case of Robinia pseudoacacia the bark content ranges only between 3.0% and 20.0%.

Nowadays, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is the most current and the most widely used tree species in Hungary. Due to its penetration and the wide variety of application it's worth to examine, what kind of assortment their with different origins, and in different environmental conditions growing stands offer. In our current article we compare the coppice black locust stands' assortment composition in different production areas (on humus sand and "kovárvány" brown forest soil). In addition, we present the assortment composition of the curiosity, the also coppice "szacsvay" black locust stand, which we compare to the everyday-produced seedling black locust and the coppice black locust. We provided our research in the area of Nyírerdő Forestry Co. Ltd. During the research we used the final harvest data for the 2010-2016 period. According to the tests it can be said, that the coppice black locust stands, that can be found on the humic sand and on the "kovárvány" brown forest soil, show a significant difference in the choice of distribution.

In order to change the status quo within the substation bay control devices which only passive receiving IRIG-B GPS clock code or PPS, for the purpose of the research and the realization method of substation clock unsynchrony alarm system based on GPS pulse. On the basis of existing substation SCADA system and GPS time synchronization system, this paper realizes the real-time monitoring of time synchronization of substation bay control devices by simple modification and introduction of simple algorithm. This paper describes in detail the system construction method and relative time difference algorithm, as well as the project implementation method, to achieve the correct and punctual on-line monitoring of the bay control device, effective control of substation accidents caused by device time unsynchrony, greatly improving the stability of substation operation.

In this paper, Common-mode voltage (CMV) is responsible for overvoltage stress to the winding insulation and bearing damage of an AC motor. High dv/dt of CMV causes leakage currents, which create noise problems to the equipment installed near the converter. This paper presented modulation strategy to eliminate CMV three level T-Type inverter (Zero CMV 3L T²I) that substantially eliminates CMV. The principles of selecting suitable triangle carrier signals for the T-Type is described. This PWM control method can mitigate the peak value to 95% as compared to the conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation method. A prototype is constructed to verify the operating principle of the three-level T-Type inverter. Simulation and experimental results are presented.

The process of converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuels (such as ethanol) is considered a potential method for supplanting current fossil fuels with renewable sources. A significant inhibitor to such processes is the lack of an efficient and economical means by which hemicellulose and cellulose may be hydrolysed to their constituent monosaccharides as precursors for ethanol fermentation. This research details experiments conducted by which sugar cane bagasse (SCB) immersed in ionic liquids (either 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride – BmimCl and EmimCl respectively) were catalysed to glucose and xylose by adding variable amounts of hydrochloric acid (3.5 – 10.5wt%) at temperatures between 100°C to 140°C. Experiments were conducted over 5 hours and in all experiments the monosaccharide concentrations increased to a maximum then decreased as the monosaccharides were degraded to other products. Maximum yields of glucose and xylose of 133mg/g bagasse and 125mg/g bagasse respectively were achieved although under different reaction conditions. The kinetics of the process was modelled as a simple set of first order reactions for the conversion of biomass to sugars then the degradation of sugars to other products.

Building is one of the most consuming sector with 5 MWh per person per year. Building energy efficiency is already addressed by countries policies but is still a topic of research. In our paper, we are addressing a new way of improving energy consumption in building, based on Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is synonymous of increase of the amount and accessibility of measurements. How is this impressive growth possible? How to use these new data to reduce building energy consumption and bring new energy performance services? IoT technologies are analysed and future tendencies are proposed. Our analysis is illustrated on the experience acquired within 2 smart building research and teaching platforms, one in Grenoble France, and the other in Hanoi, Vietnam. These research platform aim at improving energy efficiency and sobriety, and prepare building to energy grid services.

Buildings in general, consume and lose huge energy amounts through their heating and cooling systems. Thus, effective thermal insulation materials required to endow on energy shaving attainments. For this research, bark particles were used as raw materials for the manufacturing of low-density thermal insulation panels. The aim of this work was to determine the optimum density value of these panels in combination with their thermal conductivity and mechanical performance. Three panel densities, i.e. 250 kg/m³, 300 kg/m³ and 350 kg/m³ were used in this study. For each density, specimens for the thermal, physical (water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical (static bending, internal bond) assays had been analysed. As proposed by the results, the optimum conditions could be achieved at density levels of 350 kg/m³. All things considered, bark-based particleboards seem to be a very promising feedstock materials for their usage especially as interior thermal insulation panels, in the building sector.

Among renewable energies that play a critically important role to achieve a sustainable development in the future, solar photovoltaic (PV) power have been growing dramatically recently. Despite the enormous potential of solar PV, its drawback, which is intermittent in generation, imposes a significant issue on electrical system, such as stability or operation planning of the system. One of the solutions for the problem is PV generation forecast that have been researched in various studies. This paper presents a methodology to obtain an indirect PV production forecast model. Processes of model formation, validation and test are performed in the study using real data from a Campbell Scientific weather station Grenoble, France.

One possible solution for the production of wood for energy or industrial purposes is the planting of energy wood plantations. In this type of target plantation, a large amount of dendromass can be produced in a short time. Before the afforestation the site survey is highly important. Based on the results the tree species can be chosen and the corresponding cultivation technologies can be planned. Energy plantations are generally man-made forests with fast-growing species and the rotation period is short. Therefore it is necessary to determine the method of harvesting and the corresponding machine system already at the planning phase. After harvesting the timber should be transported in a short period of time in order not to prevent the development of the next tree stand. At the transport large amount of wood chip must be moved for shorter or longer distance. Thus the applied logistic plays very important role in the whole process, by making the operation of timber utilizing power plants as profitable as possible.

Pellets are not only made of wood or herbaceous plants. The use of various waste materials and their mixtures can also be used for energetic purposes. Waste pellets can be used in larger industrial plants or in combustion plants with appropriate flue gas cleaning and filtering equipment. During the research, pellets were produced of varying proportions of paper sludge and pine wood shavings as wood industrial by-products. The energetic properties of pellets and raw materials were investigated and extended our previous researches to produce an estimated energy balance for the use of paper sludge as pellet. The energy utilization of paper sludge is important because it is produced in large quantities in pulp and paper plants.

Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 samples were prepared via rice husk silica with in-situ (one-pot) and ex-situ (sequence) methods to improve the antibacterial property on RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41. Thus, this work proposed to investigate the antibacterial property of these materials using gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and compared with TiO₂ (rutile), RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41. The XRD represented MCM-41 showed the broad peak of 100 at 2 theta equal to 2.2° after adding Titanium and Silver on RH-MCM-41. The XRD spectrum represented Titanium and Silver showed the characteristic peaks of anatase TiO₂ but Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) diffraction peaks did not clearly present in Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (in-situ). On the other hand, the XRD spectrum of Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (ex-situ) presented the small peaks of AgNPs according to the formation of AgNPs during calcination. Antibacterial efficiency of samples was tested via inhibited zone test (clear zone). The Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (in-situ) and Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (ex-situ) exhibited the antibacterial against while RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41 did not present the antibacterial performance. Thus, Ag-doped Ti-RH-MCM-41 can improve the antibacterial property on RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41.

In managing regional environmental-economic systems, it is significant to design a comprehensive total emission control (TEC) policy. In this paper, an optimal TEC model with an input-output analysis is established to maximize the total production profit of all the economic sectors. With an empirical application of the model on reducing total CO₂ emission in China, a TEC policy scheme is approximately calculated by using the national input-output table to give optimal solutions respectively for total production, final use and the corresponding CO₂ emission of each sector. Finally, the key sectors most responsible for total emission reduction are identified, and then the impacts of improving emission intensity coefficient of the sector with the highest emission share are analysed quantitatively on the allocations of total CO₂ emissions set as the TEC target by policy maker.

The Mae Tao basin, Thailand has been considered to be a remote cadmium (Cd) - contaminated area since 2002. This area has been reported as the largest zinc deposition area so that the explicit potential cadmium source has not been detected. According to the reports from both government and private sectors, the zinc mine in the middle of the basin were determined to be one of the cadmium contributors in the area. From 2014, the mine closure operation has been conducted, thus the study on the selection of cover vegetation in the area has not been accomplished. In this study, the integrated approaches between MINESITE 3D, Geographic Information System (GIS) application and remote sensing techniques, were assigned to simulate the repetition of the vegetation over the reclaimed area. The study demonstrates that using the grass type vegetation for the reclamation of the area can largely reduce the potential erosion of the mine with a range from 89.70 to 94.45%. The results also demonstrate that the young vetiver grass cannot effectively reduce the potential erosion. Additionally, the study on the development of the supporting practice over the mining production area should be further conduct.

Chemical industries may pollute the air, water, and soil as well as jeopardize the ecological system and human health. China has established a relatively comprehensive regulatory regime to control industrial pollution, including pollution from chemical industries. This paper evaluates various regulatory tools to find their efficacy and appropriateness, and uses Yichang, a city rich in phosphate ore and phosphate industries, as an example. This paper integrates qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods. The analysis indicates that regulatory tools can be effective in controlling environmental pollution and restoring the jeopardized ecology. It also indicates that the Chinese government can enforce the environmental law effectively. However, these regulatory tools are also costly, insufficiently clear, and may not be effective for each place.

The vulnerability, flood hazards, and exposure are three indicators to calculating and assessing flood risk in the Mekong Delta river. Flood risk assessments allows managers to understand the probability and implications of potential damage caused by floods. The vulnerability index is based on three criteria, including sensitivity and adaptive capacity related to the economic, social, and environmental aspects and benefits that floods bring to the Mekong Delta river. The flood events occurred in the years that the flood peak at Tan Chau was over 4 m, causing the most severe damage in this area. This paper will use the vulnerability index method which is the sum of the components including the sensitivity, resilience and benefits of floods to calculate and assess the flood vulnerability of 155 communes in 11 districts of An Giang province. The results showed that there are four communes were affected by average vulnerability and 151 communes with high vulnerability.

Beside the reduction of greenhouse gas emission the adsorption and bounding of carbon dioxide is also an important issue to protect the environment from irreversible harms. By photosynthesis produced wood material mostly built up from the CO₂ content of the atmosphere and it is stored until burning or natural decay of the material. Log homes sequester significant amount of wood for longer time and the amount in cubic meter and the carbon dioxide equivalence were examined in this case study. Wood content of 80 log homes were investigated and the average of 35.28 m³ was found. The average stored carbon dioxide per log homes was 31 tons, and there is slight difference between one and two storied buildings 0.214 and 0.284 tons of equivalent carbon dioxide per layout square meter respectively. The ceiling height influences the wood content of the building significantly and the variation is higher in the case of two-storied buildings.

One of the main properties of solid materials are their stiffness. Acoustic vibration non-destructive tests have been successfully used to predict the stiffness, i.e. Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of solid wood and wood-based panels. In this work, there was an attempt to evaluate the relationship of dynamic MOE longitudinal and static MOE values, of low-density panels produced from bark particles reinforced with various length glass fibres. The findings of the results and the observed strong coefficients of determination suggest the possibility of the proposed Non-Destructive Test (NDT) method as a prediction tool for the MOE estimation of similarly produced bark-based panels. By means of this non-destructive method can be tested the materials without breaking the material and the results available right after the test.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the experience of applying the geoinformation system for the purpose of quality management and sustainable development. Enterprises from all fields of activity, including maintenance, use geoinformation systems in their strategic planning. At the very beginning of the work are described the terms of geoinformation systems, their application and capabilities, and the software for making GIS is described. Through examples of good practice, an overview of the application of GIS in the fields of agriculture, transport and ecology will be presented on case study of Croatia.

This study aims to investigate the fate of carbon in two-stage anaerobic digestion (TAD) of vegetable waste. The TAD including a hydrolytic reactor and a methane reactor were controlled at mesophilic temperature (36 ± 1°C) with a retention time (RT) of 9 days and 20 days, respectively. Carbon tracking was conducted step by step throughout the system. Non-hydrolysable carbon accounted for a significant proportion of total initial carbon (25%). Meanwhile, a large amount of carbon in the feedstock (23.5%) was hydrolysed but remained in the effluent including water and suspended solids. It was mostly inorganic carbon which is not harmful to the environment. The only 41.3% initial carbon was converted to biogas in both reactors. In the hydrolytic reactor, biogas was mainly carbon dioxide (99%), accounted for 11.3% of total biogas and 35.8% of total CO₂ product. In the methane reactor, biogas was 373.9 Nml/g-VS including 73.3% CH4, 21.9% CO2 and 4.8% others. Non-hydrolysable materials can be a source of thermal energy. Meanwhile, a large amount of hydrolysed carbon was not converted into biogas, was still in the effluent, it was a significant energy loss. Therefore, how to further increase the effectiveness of TAD is an issue that needs to study.