Table of contents

PREFACE

Geography and harmony are closely intertwined in which presents useful arguments from geographers. The discourse around harmony that has been the main subject of debate from geographers encompass various focuses as well as transgress disciplinary boundaries particularly on education, watershed management, natural hazard and resilience, sustainable development, religion, transportation and gender roles. Under the theme of Stretching the Harmony: A Paradigmatic Shift from Geography and Environmental, this conference proceeding covers sub-themes adopting from the 2^nd International Geography Seminar (IGEOS).

The 2^nd International Geography Seminar (IGEOS) is a second international event organised in 2018 by the Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) in collaboration with the Department of Geography Education, Faculty of Social Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) and Persatuan Geografi, UPSI. This seminar was inspired by an excellent outcome of 1^st IGEOS organised in 2017 under the theme of 'Harmony with Nature: Strengthening Relationships between Human and Environment'. Thus, the 2^nd IGEOS 2018 provides a space to stretch the discussions and to strengthen the foundations that had started in the 1^st IGEOS 2017.

We proudly announced that this proceeding is the result of discussion from 2^nd IGEOS' meeting of leading academic scientists, researchers and scholars on all aspects of geographical studies and practices. It also provides interdisciplinary discourses and the discussion of most recent innovations, trends and concerns as well as practical challenges and solutions adopted within this field.

List of Committee Members and Editors present in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Since early 2000, four future scenarios have been generated to chart the development of higher education in Malaysia. The most recent future scenario for Malaysia's higher education was generated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution as its primary context and driver. Arguably, the Fourth Industrial Revolution represents new ways in which disruptive technologies are affecting educators, thus necessitating a redesigning of the education system and transform the learning and teaching delivery, as well as demanding the industry sectors to enhance, reskill and upscale talents. In this respect, geography as a discipline and geographers as the practitioners of this discipline need to adapt to the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The response to Fourth Industrial Revolution is indeed critical to ensure the relevance of the output and outcome of our efforts as geographers in the universities and in practice. The most critical element in geography that need geographers' attention is the idea of physical versus virtual mobility, brought about by advanced technologies. The paper concludes that while the Fourth Industrial Revolution would introduce new technology that would ultimately reduce the need for real (physical) mobility, real human experience, which is the core concern of geography, nonetheless need to be defended. Human experience through purely virtual mobility could not replace those accumulated through travel and exploration. Google Sightseeing is a preamble to travel and experience and not the final destination. Geography and geographers would continue to have an important role to play in enhancing the human experience in the Fourth Industrial Revolution period. For this to happen, strategic initiatives must be put rolled out now.

Humans basically are the type of creatures who live in land, so it is reasonable if their attention was almost entirely focused on exploiting natural resources on land. But it needs to be realized that most of the Earth's surface consists of water. Especially for Indonesia that its territorial was mostly consists of waters which is the ocean, then it is reasonable, or even if this nation should pay particular attention of the excavation, utilization and maintenance of marine resources. Based on these considerations, it is necessary to outlined the efforts of increasing awareness and utilization of marine resources, but it must remain in rational and responsive to increase prosperity for the present and next generation by Maritime Education. Geography Education have a role as an important instrument in Maritime Education.

The study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude and practices of environmental sustainability of pre-school students in Malaysia. This study applied a quantitative method comprising questionnaires with 500 pre-school students. Research variables were knowledge of recyclable and non-recyclable materials, sustainability knowledge, sustainability attitudes and sustainability Reuse-Reduce-Recycle (3R) practices. Most variables including knowledge of recyclable and non-recyclable materials, sustainability knowledge, sustainability attitudes and sustainability Reuse-Reduce-Recycle (3R) practices were at high levels. While, the analysis of correlation test explained that there was a significant relationship between every variables. It can be concluded that a high level of knowledge does not give effect in increasing the sustainability practices of students. Therefore, a strong commitment from teachers are requires to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of sustainability in the early stages of education. The readiness of early childhood education teachers in respect of continuous training in various sustainability activities is a vital requirement to systematically and effectively apply sustainability practices.

Curriculum 2013, is a process of perfecting from the previous curriculum for the education system in Indonesia, but to know excellence of the curriculum 2013 it is not enough to uses the domestic indicators, therefore we will compare between the curriculum of Indonesia and the curriculum of Malaysia in geography subject, just because geography is one of subjects that might improve the student patriotism. The topic taken about the idea of curriculum of geography education, document of curriculum of geography education, and management and application of curriculum of geography education in Indonesia and Malaysia. The type of research uses a qualitative approach, with involving both the informants and secondary data as a data source. For technique data collection used is observation, deep interview, and triangulation of data. The result of research between curriculum of Indonesia and Malaysia has many similar ideas, documents, and applications that aim to create students with 21st century skills. In terms of documents, management and application have many similarities but have different models, and the conclusion of the research is curriculum in Indonesia and in Malaysia both have the advantages and disadvantages of every one in accordance with the conditions social and cultural's country.

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is a learning design model that considers the relevance between material, pedagogy, and learning technology. This model is suitable to be applied to Geography subjects, but the question arises: is there enough media and learning tools available in schools to carry out TPACK-based geography learning? This study uses a survey method with a study population of all geography teachers in 3 (three) districts / cities in West Java Province. Data was analyzed using the SWOT approach. The results showed that the main weakness of the implementation of TPACK was the limitation of learning tools / media, and geographic subjects still grouped in the social sciences so that they received less attention from the government. In addition, the threat is a ban from the government to implement the TPACK model because it is slightly different from the applicable learning process standards. Based on the above conditions, a solution that is considered effective is conducting further research, namely identifying the tools and geography learning media needed and developing a systematic TPACK-based scientific learning model / strategy

This article was written to explain the suitability between the scores of advance learning activities achieved by students with the "gain score" from the results of the pre-test and post-test of HOTS questions. Advance learning activities include, 1)analyzing, 2)communicating/dialogue, 3)discussing/collaborating. Whereas HOTS question is a question that testing students' creativity and strategy in solving problems and is at the level of C4 (analyzing), C5 (evaluating) and C6 (Creating). EXO OLO TASK Learning Model was applied in this quasi-experimental research for four meetings in class X IS 1. The model was practiced by a model teacher and learning activity data was collected by six observers. The suitability was obtained by percentage analysis and strengthened by correlation test with the help of SPSS version 20. The results showed that, 1) during learning, all students showed consistent basic learning activities; 2) most students had a "gain score" in the medium category. While 24.13% of students were able to reach high categories and only 6.89% of students with low gain scores, 3) 65.51% of students had scores of learning activities that match the "gain score" and 34, 48% did not. The implementation of this model has only been applied in one class and one school so that it is necessary to implement it in broader classes and schools.

This paper aims to describe the pedagogical competence of geography teachers in the implementation of scientific learning based on the Curriculum 2013. The scientific approach implements a problem-based learning model, a project-based learning model, and a discoveri-inquiry learning model. This research focus on the competence of teachers in actualizing learning models that educate with creative way in the subjects of geography at senior high school level. Quantitative data analysis of 55 geography teachers in SMAN Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. Data analysis is concerned with the knowladge of learning model, the selection of learning models, and designing learning activities to educate based on the Curriculum 2013. The results show: (1) the knowledge of learning models in the Curriculum 2013 is in good category; (2) the knowledge of learning model selection is in medium category; and (3) the ability to design learning activities to educate are in the medium category.

There are five terms which are currently being discussed a lot to formulate their definitions, they are spatial intelligence, spatial ability, geography skill, geoliteration and ecoliteration. These terms are spoken by many people, but rarely explained the differences consistently. This research tries to identify or to be more exact suggests element or component of each terms and measuring one of spatial ability in everyday life. Research method that used was descriptive. Collecting data technique was by literature study, test, readibility test of learning materials. Sample technique that used is stratified random with the amount of sample 120 people. Based on research results, spatial ablity and geography skill can be increased normatively. Although this research only use learning materials to be read, but it was already proven to be helpful, especially if it is delivered through face-to-face meeting in the class, being practiced, and trained to students, the results will be more significant. Finally the researchers recommend that spatial ability and geography skill to be develop in case of preparing a generation that more positive in assesing the excellence of geography.

The occurrence of environmental degradation shows decreased ecological intelligence. Enterprises in evoking environmental awareness can be reflected in the learning process that should be oriented to the contextual problems that exist in the student environment. This study is aimed to find out the effect of using field trip method in enhanching students' ecological intelligence. The pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design has been used in this study. The sample used in this study is class XI with a total of 62 students. Class XI IPS 1 has been selected as experimental group (N = 31) and class XI IPS 2 is selected as control group (N = 31) with visual media usage. The data collection method uses tests for ecological knowledge, questionnaires to measure attitudes, and performance assessments to measure ecological skills. Data analysis technique using paired sample t test. There is a statistically significant difference in experimental ecological intelligence compared to control groups using visual media. Field trip methods can increase knowledge as well as evoke awareness and awareness of the environment because it is faced directly with the real situation of local environmental problems that occur around it.

Motivation is one of the factors that participate in determining learning outcomes. Motivation that comes from within the learners is often a neglected aspect of the learning strategy. The problem is how the level of learning motivation student on geography subjects at Sumur Bandung Islamic Boarding School based on attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. The method used in this research is survey methodThe sample consisted of 180 students selected from Social Science Class using stratified sample technique. The variables in this study are learning motivation that is limited to attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction. The instrument used is a standard IMMS questionnaire applied from the ARCS learning motivation design. This research shows that the learning motivation, attention, relevance level of student based on ARCS model on geography subject is quite. Based on the results of research confidence to be one part in the motivation to learn that needs to be improved. Confidence can be influenced by external and internal factors. To improve the motivation to learn, student need a balance between factors Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction.

The actual geographic learning resources are found in the field, that the field takes an important role in Geography studies with its function as a laboratory. In the field, students can understand the true conditions about Geography studies directly. Galunggung volcano was located in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. It has potential aspect to be developed into a laboratory for Geography studies. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential possessed by the Galunggung mountain area as a Geography education laboratory. The step carried out in the Galunggung area analysis are: Delineation of the Galunggung volcano area using Satellite Maps and Images, data obtained by field surveys which are identified descriptively. Utilization of the Mount Galunggung Area as a field laboratory can help students to gain deeper understanding about the study in a more realistic situation. Mount Galunggung has the potential to be developed into a Geography Education Laboratory based on studies; hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, anthroposphere, and atmosphere. Evaluation of environment-based learning is carried out thoroughly during the learning process and after learning is completed.

West Java Province as one of the provinces that are vulnerable to disasters. Senior high school students must have a preparedness attitude in face of such disasters. Learning geography in disaster mitigation education was expected to become the foundation to improve the preparedness of high school students. The aim of the research was to analyse the influence of Geography Education in disaster mitigation education to senior high school student's preparedness to deal with disasters. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey method. The results showed that the influence of learning geography in the mitigation disaster study towards preparedness senior high school students, reaching 39%. Magnitude was the overall role of the three districts, then will be broken down into the role of a district. The role of learning geography in mitigation disaster study in senior high school students to preparedness of learners in Garut amounted to 57.21%, in Tasikmalaya amounted to 46.88%, and in Pangandaran Regency amounted to 28.46%. Learning geography in mitigation disaster study had a significant influence on the preparedness of senior high school students in face of the disaster in West Java province.

Smong is the local wisdom belongs to people in Simeulue Regency, Aceh Province. The Smong poetry become guidance for people in disaster mitigation when tsunami occurred on Sunday, 26 December 2004 which cause only 7 Simeulue people died. Simulation as learning model which encourage students to rehearse on the spot and brought to situation resemble the actual situation, and it is done in classroom. This study aims to simulate the smong poetry into geography learning which comprise activity such as singing the smong poetry, interpreting the lyrics in smong poetry and applying the meaning of smong poetry in disaster mitigation. This study used qualitative approach, and the object of study in this study was the local wisdom smong and simulation learning model. Data was analyzed qualitative descriptively. The study result was the smong simulation learning model which consist of 4 steps, orientation by collaborating the local wisdom smong, participation rehearsal, the implementation of simulation, interview with participants (one or all next activities).The conclusion of this research is teachers can use certain learning model by utilizing people's local wisdom as learning media, particularly in disaster mitigation material in geography subject.

Mount Merapi's activity in 2010 erupts VEI-4 which resulted in loss of life as much as 347 inhabitants, with most victims in the Regency of Sleman was 246 inhabitants. This problem causes of trauma in general slope of Merapi's volcano. This research aims to know the impact of Merapi's eruption on the mental condition of Merapi Community. This research uses qualitative research using the analysis of the percentage of public reponse questionnaire and indepth interviews of 42 respondents from 13 villages in the southern slope of Merapi's Volcano about the mental condition of the southern slopes of Merapi's volcano. The variables used in this research are the variable response of the community towards disaster preparedness, report of Merapi's volcanic activity, experience, knowledge, and disaster response of the community. The results of this research are the community in Cangkringan Merapi Sub-district has a very bad mental condition, whereas in Pakem district experience a mental condition, and at sub-district of Turi have a very good mental condition. The community response rate is higher in Cangkringan sub-district because the eruption set into the Cangkringan Sub-district than other Sub-district in Sleman Regency. Community preparedness is very high, but the necessary trauma healing programs, especially in the area of Cangkringan Sub-district in order to minimize loss due to panic during the evacuation in the eruption.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of biopore and to determine the number of biopore in the development of eco-campus UPI. The method used was experiments using biopore and infiltration engineering tools. The tool is placed on three test plots with different treatments, that is test plots placed in biopore holes but without grass, test plots only planted by grasses and biopore test plots and also planted with grass. Rainfall measurements were carried out for 19 days at the site of the test plot to determine the duration and volume of rain. The rainfall measurement results are then compared with the run off volume of each test plot. The results showed that biopore test plots with the highest effectiveness were biopore accompanied by grass plants. The calculation of the number of biopores around the piloting site at Faculty of Social Science Education of Indonesia University of Education is 28 biopore point. Therefore, in the development of eco-campus at Indonesia University of Education need to be considered biopore design that can increase the capacity of infiltration and reduce the run off. The number and distribution of biopore plots need to be considered, so their function can be more effective.

Citarum River stretches wide and long through village and city lands with straight, winding paths, and meanders. In the meander section, sediment deposits occur which result in the stunted flow causing floods or overflowing water out of the river. To overcome this problem, river shortcuts were constructed to straighten the stream, which results in disconnected reaches called oxbow rivers. This study presents a method development of a community empowerment-based oxbow rivers utilization which taking a case study on one of the ten oxbow rivers located along the Citarum River. The selected oxbow river is the one that located in Cibarangbang, Baleendah Village of West Java province with a length of 860.36 m, 10 m width, river bank height of 4.97 m and area of 100 ha. The utilization of oxbows is aimed to address technical and socio-economic problems through either of these three main approaches: 1. oxbow river as a means of conservation/revitalization of rivers by maintaining the function of oxbow lakes as a water reservoir, e.g., by making an impoundment, an inlet and outlet structures, a maintenance road, etc; 2. utilizing the area for public infrastructure and facilities through land reclamation; 3. using the area as a tourism site.

Citarum River is named as the dirtiest river in the world along with nine other rivers located in various countries. The predicate was awarded in 2013 by the Blacksmith Institute, a nonprofit organization based in New York and Green Cross in Switzerland. The Citarum River is polluted by organic and inorganic waste. This paper focuses on how to process organic waste in Dayeuhkolot sub district which is one of the densely populated areas on the banks of the Citarum River. The method in this paper uses descriptive method, which explains the role of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) in reducing the volume of organic waste in the area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of BSF in reducing organic waste. Based on the analysis, BSF is able to reduce organic waste up to 56% of total organic waste. Therefore, in an effort to reduce organic waste in Dayeuhkolot sub district not only using BSF, but also must be combined with other ways.

This study aims to formulate an action plan of modern irrigation at Cibinuangeun. Cibinuangeun is an irrigation area located in Banten Province, Indonesia. The area is situated in a sediment area, so the land is very fertile. Cibinuangeun priory irrigated 2.809 hectares area which was distributed in 10 villages. Unfortunately, due to the lack of water, the area is dropping off. It reduces into 1.786 hectare and is only distributed in 4 villages. As a result, it influences the rice field productivity. Basically, the rice field productivity reached 5.17 ton/ha. Nowadays, it decreases to less than 5 ton/ha. This is lower than Indonesia national irrigation productivity which should reach 7 ton/ha. This condition indirectly indicates that there are relationship between rice field productivity and land area. Ninety five percent of rice productivity is influenced by the land area, and only 5% influenced by other factors, such agriculture intensifications. This means that the heightening of 1 hectares area can increase 4.91 tons of DMR. If irrigation area is expanded into 2.809, it can gain 5.024 tons of DMR. The farming income also will increase from 56.6 billion rupiah to 68.65 billion rupiah. Therefore, the intensification needs to be done. One of them is through the improvement of irrigation infrastructure and EM organization.

The availability of various satellite rainfall data potentially be used in monitoring meteorological droughts. In this study, products from the NCEP-CFSR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis) were analyzed to estimate meteorological drought in the Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Assessment was carried out using NCEP-CFSR data from 1988 to 2013 and was applied to meteorological droughts using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) index. The results showed that rainfall products from the NCEP-CFSR were not recommended to use in meteorological droughts because of the low correlation values of around 33%, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) 17.88 and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) 22.73. This research can be utilized as a reference to assess rainfall products from better satellite data in the future to monitor meteorological droughts.

This article aims to examine individual travel cost at selected hot springs as part of the efforts to develop health, wellness and recreational-based tourism in Perak. It first argues that the individual's place of origins determines their accessibility to the study sites. This paper then identifies and analyses the visitors' travel expenditure during their visit to each hot spring. The last section will discuss the effects of using hot springs for future health, wellness and recreational-based tourism in Perak. Using a Travel Cost Method, a Willingness–to-Pay of visitors was calculated as function of travel cost that incurred to reach a location. The paper utilizes a primary data which were collected during peak season from November to December in 2017 involving 241 visitors. The findings show that majority of the visitors are those who lived more than 50 km from the hot spring and spent more than one hour for each visit. In addition, each individual visitor to the hot spring generally spent by about RM 58.98 for their visit. This indicates that the hot spring potentially has the economic value in promoting health, wellness and recreational-based tourism.

This study was conducted to examine well water quality in areas of different land use in Pasir Puteh, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of four water sampling locations were selected to represent specific land use types, including Pasir Puteh town (urban land use), Padang Pak Amat (industrial land use), Bukit Gedombak (landfill site) and Kampung Jelor (agricultural land use). Well water sampling was carried out twice, in March 2018 and April 2018. Water quality samples were analysed both in-situ and in the laboratory based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) as determined by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Water quality parameters analysed included Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3N), pH and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The findings showed that although values of the six parameters observed did not exceed the specified standards, well water quality in all four types of land-use areas belonged to WQI Class III, with values ranging between 61.5 and 74.5. Class III quality indicates that the water should be treated first if it is to be used as drinking water supply. Well water quality in the area subject to agricultural land use exhibited the lowest WQI value of 61.5, reflecting the influence of local rice paddy activities. Continuous monitoring and immediate measures must therefore be undertaken, as these water sources remain exploited by locals for everyday use.

Sea level prediction is an important task for navigation, coastal engineering, geodetic application and recreational activities. Predicting the behavior of future sea level is necessary for protection of coastal as well as for monitoring and forecasting of changes in fishery and marine ecosystems. This study is focused on the analysis and prediction of hourly sea level time series data at the benchmark station located in Kukup, Johor by using chaotic approach. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of chaotic behavior by the phase space reconstruction and Cao methods, and also a local linear approximation method is employed for prediction purposes. The results revealed that the value of correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted time series is 0.879 which is near to one. This indicates that the local linear approximation method can be used to predict the sea level time series in Malaysia. Indeed, the result of this study is expected to help stakeholder such as Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) in having a better sea level management.

The rising amount of e-waste can be attributed to many factors such as the advancement in technology, a variety of electric and electronic equipment (EEE) offered in the market, electric and electronic (EE) product becoming cheaper and exceedingly high demands. E-waste is believed to be mostly generated from domestic items because there is no systematic management of e-waste from households, particularly in many developing countries. The non-systematic management will have an adverse impact on the environment and human. Therefore, this study attempts to uncover the current state of affairs involving e-waste management by households in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The objectives of this study are to identify the composition of electric and electronic equipment owned by households in the selected housing area and to evaluate the behavior of households in managing their e-waste. This study used a survey method using 100 sets of questionnaires which were distributed to respondents in the selected housing area. The results showed that mobile phones are dominating the category of electric and electronic equipment in the study area. In addition, most respondents do not adopt sustainable e-waste management such as recycling which is vital, as many prefer to store them at home or throw them to the rubbish bin. In conclusion, this study has shown that e-waste management scenarios in Kota Kinabalu are not particularly sustainable. The findings of this study can also lead to implication for creating awareness to stakeholders such as the City Hall of Kota Kinabalu and the Department of Environment so that both stakeholders could design a proper e-waste management system as part of an effort to create sustainable e-waste management.

The rehabilitate degraded watersheds efforts at the national level tends to ineffective, due to the lack of synergy between stakeholders and community involvement. This paper aims to give an idea that planning for rehabilitation of degraded watersheds can be started from the community level, through the involvement of the community in spatial planning. It can be done by integrating watershed and administration unit with participatory mapping method. From two locations in Central Java and West Nusa Tenggara, it shows that participatory mapping could be implemented as a method to identify existing land use, land cover and finding the problem in their environment. Furthermore, spatial planning can be developed together by the community in different village but in the same watershed area.

This research aims to identify encroacher characteristics, applied agricultural systems and analyze factors that are considered by encroacher in determining agricultural systems in Cisangkuy Sub Watershed, data was collected specifically in 3 villages in forest area, namely: Margamulya, Warnasari, and Pulosari Villages. Data collecting techniques is in the form of observation, interviews, literature studies and analysis through descriptive analysis technique. It is identified that agricultural system which applied in this area is a dry land agricultural system with horticulture crops as the main plant types. The factors that led to the conversion of forest land into agriculture are in the form of physical and social factors, while supporting physical factors include climate conditions and soil types, climate conditions and soil types, forest areas that can be utilized as agricultural areas, while supporting social factors including the factors of education, culture and economy of the community.

The placement of a rain station must precisely represent the area it is measuring, so it is necessary to examine the distribution of existing rain stations compared to the characteristics of the area measured. This study aims to assess the distribution of existing rain station in East Java compared with physiographic variables, altitude and rainfall characteristics. The method used is overlay map method using Geographic Information System application. The overlaid maps consist of physiographic maps, topographic maps and rain maps whose results are called physiomorphohydro maps. The results showed that the distribution of rain stations in East Java is relatively uneven compared to the physiomorphohydro condition. Based on the overlay results it is known that there are a number of zoning that have no rain stations and excessive rain stations. Other zones have the corresponding number of rain stations. The number of zoning physiomorphohydro which has no rain station as many as 23 zones and more as 33 zones and as many as 6 zones have been appropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to review the distribution of rain stations in East Java in accordance with the characteristics of the area measured.

Analysis and prediction of temperature time series is important because temperature changes can affect human's health. The objectives of this study are to analyse and predict the temperature series in Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia using chaotic approach. Modelling through chaotic approach divided into two stages; reconstruction of phase space and prediction processes. Through the reconstruction of phase space, a single scalar time series is rebuilt into a multi-dimensional phase space. This multi-dimensional phase space is used to detect the presence of chaotic dynamics through phase space plot and Cao method. The results show that the observed time series is chaotic in dynamic. Therefore, one hour ahead prediction through local mean approximation method is done. The correlation coefficient value obtained is 0.9789. The value which is approaching one reflected that the predicted time series and observed time series are close to each other. Thus, the modelling through chaotic approach is considered succeed. It is hoped that the model can help Malaysian Meteorological Department and Department of Environment Malaysia in order to improve their weather services.

The transitional between Quaternary and Tertiary volcanic landscapes is characterized by very deep interlayered clays. The the study of clay occurrence at certain depth through geophysical application is not intensively studied yet. Our sampling site is located at Bompon Sub-watershed where the rotational landslide are freqwently occurred. This research aims to investigate the characteristics of clay layer that potentially become sliding surface of landslides using two-dimensional (2D) resistivity method. Resistivity survey using dipole-dipole configration was conducted above three types of rotational slides typically occurred in the study area. We also did field observation as well as laboratory measurement for supporting data interpretation. Three kinds of interlayered clay materials are clearly detectable from 2D resistivity sections under all bodies of landslides. Those materials are entirely categorized as clay but different on cracks structure and cracks density, soil moisture, total porosity, bulk density, and specific gravity. Based on its physical characteristics, the saturated clay located around 10 up to 20 meters in depth is the most likely becoming sliding surface of landslides. This result is useful for understanding the nature of rotational slides commonly occurred in the volcanic transitional landscapes in Indonesia.

This research aims to obtain an overview of the physical conditions that supported the rubber crops cultivation development, and extent the overview of potential rubber crops cultivation development suggestion at West Bandung district. The method which used in this research is survey. This research uses primary and secondary data. The primary data are observation and measurement of physical condition at 39 sample points. The secondary data was obtained from map interpretation, review of various document and literature which are related with this research. The data was analyzed using Geographic Information System. The results indicate that the physical condition at West Bandung district became the supporting capacity of rubber crops cultivation development. The affecting conditions are climate, slope, water availability, condition and type of the soil. The results were presented in maps. The rubber crops cultivation development was suggested to the 21234,728 Ha (16.26%) of West Bandung district. The conclusion of this research is the physical conditions affect the potential development of rubber crop cultivation in West Bandung district. That potential rubber crop cultivation can provide an overview of what potential things can be developed to realize the welfare of society, in order to improve the standart of living society income.

Globalization and needs development have provided spaces for women to participate in an economic movement, including those women of fishery laborer families. They perform their roles in order to help the economy without any burden, like the so-called double burden, which is often associated with them since they have to both do households duties and earn money as well. Background and impetus of female economic movement among fishery labour families are the focus of this research. By applying qualitative technique using in-depth interview this study shows that women have a distinct power in a further empowerment of their families. Low education level of these women is not an obstacle in actualizing themselves in the public sectors. In fact, this economic movement had been socialized to them even when they were children. While these women are traditionally restricted within domestic space, they have proved to be a saviour in their families by fulfilling the families' basic needs, which are often not provided by their husbands. In fact these female fishery workers in Indramayu are the breadwinners for their families. However, the social construct is not fair to them as the society views them merely as freelance workers.

Eastern Bandung Region including Cileunyi, Jatinangor and Rancaekek is a suburb area of Bandung, which has gone through many changes in land use from agrarian to non-agrarian, also the population density and urban growth rate have increased. This phenomenon can lead to urban sprawl and potentially lead to a negative spatial transformation and inefficient resource allocation. This research objectives are to identify the characteristics of urban sprawl development and the pattern of urban sprawl in Eastern Bandung area in 2002, 2010 and 2017. This study uses quantitative approach with descriptive method also spatial analysis technique, scoring, and descriptive analysis. The spatial data that was used are Google Earth image data in 2002, 2010 and 2017. The results of this study show that the characteristics of urban sprawl development that consist of physical and social dimension is high with a score of 2.46. The pattern of urban sprawl can be identified as the combination of ribbon and leap frog development. Ribbon development can be seen in Cileunyi and Jatinangor, meanwhile leap frog development occurs in Rancaekek. The results of this study hopefully can help improve the understanding about urban sprawl and encourage the policy makers in controlling the spatial transformation wisely.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of proximity to the nearest light rail transit station on the value of condominium properties in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The paper utilizes a data set of 476 condominium sales occurring in Greater Kuala Lumpur between January 2017 and the second quarter of 2018. Using a hedonic pricing model, housing price was modelled as a function of proximity to the nearest light rail transit station and with regard to other structural and locational attributes. The results suggest that condominium units located within 800 m to the nearest light rail transit station can earn a premium of MYR 172,904 (US$43,226), or 30% of the city's average home value. The results of this study also indicate that in determining property values, proximity to the nearest light rail transit station is the second-most influential variable compared to other variables. This paper represents an original contribution to the literature in that there has been limited research on the impact of proximity to light rail transit stations on condominium prices in developing countries.

High rise residential building has become a norm in the urban areas. In Malaysia, more than 30% of the urban population is currently living in stratified buildings, especially where urban land is scarce and expensive. Moreover, despite of landscape change and urbanisation process, there are several high rise properties in urban area that have been converted into foreign workers housing. It may affect the local communities and have a positive and negative impact to the social neighbourhood sustainability. Therefore, this study focuses on the residents' perceptions of foreign workers housing on social aspects, and qualitatively finds the action taken by building management body in addressing the issues. The study was located at the one of high rise properties in Klang Valley, namely Mandy Villa Apartment. The questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were the techniques employed to collect data, and the findings revealed the problems affecting the comfort and quality of living among strata residents. In this sense, the management has taken several actions to solve the problems, therefore, the stakeholders have to oversee the misuse of strata unit for future sustainable living in the urban area.

The development of information and technology on society cannot be ignored. One of the impact was on the transportation infrastructure development. The using of online transportation application was necessity on urban community. This research aimed at analyses the Influence of the online transportation to the mobility and economic of society, particularly in urban communities such as Bandung, Indonesia which were using GRAB and GO-JEK as online transportation application. The research focus on the existing of GRAB and GO-JEK as the most popular alternative online transportation application for the society compared to the other application, how they affect to the community especially for mobility and economic, and analyses what are the shortcomings of GRAB and GO-JEK that need to be addressed and developed. The method used descriptive and analyzed by using survey and questionnaire, which was distributed directly to the public. Based on the results, GRAB and GO-JEK was the most popular online transportation used by the people of Bandung. The response of the community with the GRAB and GO-JEK was quite good because of the cheap of price, the mobility and economic of society was also increased, people move more often and economic cycle level tend to increase significantly.

This paper is a historical study that elaborates how the transportation network developed and people's activities on trade in early 20th century in Priangan Residency. Within history study of Indonesia in the early 20th, it was always interpreted as a period of social change. Transportation and trade were indicators that contributed to social change. The study about transportation network, of which we could examine how transportation network that occurred between regions in Priangan Residency, whilst the trade examined types of trade and distribution as well as goods exchange that occurred in Priangan Residency. As in general, history study will answer about background and how the process takes place. Through this study, it is expected that it will provide historical picture towards people's activities related to transportation and trade aspect in Priangan Residency in the early 20th.

The phenomenon of language variation often occurs in border areas and can be visualized by a Geographic Information System (GIS) application that has the ability to visualize linguistic conditions in a region. Geospatial shows the location, place, and position of an object that is below, on, or above the surface of the earth expressed in a particular coordinate system. The method used in this study is descriptive analytical with the application of GIS as a supporting analysis tools. Field surveys were used to assess the accuracy of the results of the models applied. The initial stage of the study was carried out an inventory of isolates. In this case, 208 data are obtained from gloss and berian. The study sample consisted of 41 villages spread across Cirebon Regency. Gloss and cryptic data are tabulated into the database using the MS Excel application, which is the GIS input data. After filtering the data, it can be seen that there are 28 villages in minimum noise conditions from 41 villages which were originally determined to be research samples. Visualization of isolates is presented in two types, namely analog maps (printed) and digital maps in scale of 1: 220,000.

The low level of quality of Human Resources (SDM) is one of the concerns of Indonesia. This is caused by the level of reading interest of the Indonesian people that is very low. According to the census results of Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2015, the number of illiterates in Indonesia is about 5,984,075 people or 3.70%. Based on the results of the survey, it shows the critical issue of reading and literacy interests in Indonesia. Based on these problems, cooperation between society and the government is needed. One form of cooperations can be actualized by creating literacy villages as an effort to create a culturally literate society. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Through this approach, the researcher makes a complex picture, examines words, detailed reports from the respondents' views, and conducts studies in natural situations. The results showed that the community in Cipadung Village, Bandung participated in reducing the number of illiteracy through the literacy village movement. This activity is expected to be able to increase the reading interest of the people in Cipadung Village, Bandung towards literate society.

Special interest tourism objects are one of the leading sectors developed in Palembang. But the realization was not optimal, especially the management and sustainable service. The research aims to formulate sustainable development strategies for special interest tourism. This research was a case study focused on special interest attractions AL-Quran Al-Akbar. Data is collected by in-depth interviews involving managers, users and the government. Data processing and analysis uses qualitative models from miles and hubberman and the formulation of development strategies was assessed using the SWOT analysis. The development strategies of special interest tourism objects were a) complementing and improving tourism facilities and infrastructure through iconic, instagramable and tripadvisor according to the digital trend, b) increasing human resources based on digital creative economy, c) increasing collaboration between government and management in tourism development through sales mission, festival / event and famtrip.

Customary land is a land that has been inherited from the ancestors and has been cultivated since time immemorial. Customary land is also the foundation of the life of the indigenous communities, and it is governed in accordance with their customs, known as adat. Unfortunately, the customary practices of the indigenous communities are often neglected and are not recognised by the state. This is due to opposing opinions and interpretations of customary land ownership and statutory land tenure as practised by the state. This study was mainly conducted to understand the differing perceptions, with the hope that the findings may provide a enlightenment on how these two opposing systems can be uniformized. A qualitative research method was used involving interviews with key informants from among the indigenous peoples living in Sinumagang and Tinuman Toki, Sabah, Malaysia. The preliminary findings revealed that the current state system does provide a window of opportunity to accommodate input from the customary practices of the indigenous communities to make it a part of the reformed land administration system of the state.

Monitoring a structure building like a dam needs to detect any movement. The movement can be measured by adding control point to measure it. Geodynamic movement, expansion of area monitoring, and detection of ground cracks require by adding the new of control points. The addition of control points in a measurement requires specific data processing strategy. Therefore, it used the sequential adjustment method. This research aims to identify 3D coordinate values and the difference precision of the control points from the sequential adjustment method. The first step of sequential adjustment used five control points with one point considered fixed. The second step was added with five control points. The difference of coordinate precision analysis using sequential adjustment method indicates that there are increased precision in five control points which are processed in the first step. The addition of the coordinate precision ranges from 0,193 to 5,450 cm. Based on the comparative of two variants sample test shows that the precision of coordinates resulted for the first step is significant different from the second step. The results of the comparison between two variants test indicate that the precision of the result in first step does significantly different to the second step.

The development of photogrammetric mapping with UAV mode has been generally used in recent years. One of the technologies development is Cloud-based data processing or using internet. There are two platforms providing facilities of cloud-based processing such as Pix4D and Drone Deploy. This research will be conduct comparison processing result of two platforms in terms of uploading process, total product and horizontal accuracy. The result showed that both platforms had each advantage. The result of Drone Deploy has advantage in term of more accurate coordinate, whereas PIX4D has advantage at completeness in processing reports.

Land cover in urban areas can be detected through surveys or using high-resolution imagery with a better accuracy. Especially if the need related to land cover information regionally in the period of the nineties that require the availability of data and unavailability of high resolution images. Therefore, images with intermediate spatial resolution are still required. However, the use of medium-resolution images such as Landsat is constrained by the presence of mixed pixels that cause land cover in urban areas to vary. The mixed pixel will be the source of error in the multispectral classification process, so it takes analysis up to the subpixel level. The need for information up to the subpixel level for ground cover detection can be obtained through the Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis method, where one pixel in the Landsat image in this study will be separated into four endmember, ie vegetation, impervious surface, bare soil, and water. These four endmembers are assumed to represent linear combinations of land coverings contained in urban areas in the form of proportions in each pixel. The results show that the endmember can be well separated, whereas the RMS error of 1994^th is 0.013 with an accuracy of 94.44%.

Urban areas tend to have significant temperature differences with the surrounding area. The city of Bandung is surrounded by mountains and forms the Bandung Basin. Land cover differences between Bandung City and surrounding area caused a temperature differences that can identified with remote sensing imagery. The aim of this research are to analyse the change of land surface temperature and the vegetation greenness level in Bandung Basin using Landsat multi-temporal image also to identify correlation between surface temperature change with greenness level in Bandung Basin. In Bandung Basin, there is an increase in temperature in various land covers (Vegetation in flat areas, Vegetation in steep and high altitude areas, Water, Built-up area, and Open Land area) from 1990-2018. Meanwhile, there is less green vegetation in Bandung Basin from 1990-2018. The results of the analysis show a better correlation between Land Surface Tempertare (LST) and Simple Ratio Index (SRI) than the correlation between Land Surface Tempertare (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The conclution of this research that preservation of vegetated areas can be done in Bandung Basin to address the increasing of Land Surface Temperature.

The Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) was categorized as a red list according to IUCN. Javan Rhinoceros was increasingly threatened due to the lack of available environmental characteristic informations (habitat) that was suitable for Javan rhinoceros to survive in in-situ conservation. The capability of various remote sensing wavelengths sensors can be used to get the environmental characteristics data and obtain information related to Javan Rhinoceros's habitat characteristics through spatial modelling. This research were aimed to (1) knowing the ability of LANDSAT-8 multispectral satellite imagery to identify biophysical parameter of Javan Rhinoceros's habitat in Ujung Kulon National Park and (2) developing a javan rhinoceros's suitable habitat distribution model in order to survive in Ujung Kulon National Park. The data were collected by LANDSAT-8 multispectral satellite imagery interpretation assisted by GIS analysis. The result showed that LANDSAT-8 multispectral satellite imagery can be used to identify several biophysical parameters, such: slope, altitude, vegetation cover index, temperature, and the distance of puddle, river, beach, and glade. Moreover, the result of the distribution model can be visualized as digital maps and software-based maps about Javan rhinoceros habitat information's, and it can be used as guidance for conservation society in order to conserve Javan rhinoceros in Indonesia.