Table of contents

PREFACE

On behalf of the organizing committee, I extend my hands to welcome you at The 12^th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar (IISS 2018).

Science is advancing rapidly and enables us to reveal and comprehend how this universe works. The scientists are naturally rewarded by the excitement to discover new things that bring them closer to the answer of their curiosity, while at the same time continuously providing contribution to human race in form of knowledge. The long contribution from the works of scientists around the world has brought us to a deeper knowledge, where the boundaries dispute between science disciplines become an obsolete issue. By promoting collaboration across disciplines, we will further extend the opportunity to discover an innovation, gain better understanding, and enhance the advancement of science body.

The International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar is an annual scientific conference that provides a unique platform for scientists, researchers, and professionals across multiple disciplines to share their research advancements and critical ideas to address the environmental issues. For more than ten years, by recognising that environmental problems require an interdisciplinary approach to reach a holistic solution, the conference has facilitated the communication between scientists across disciplines in science to discuss the contemporary environmental issues and exchanging ideas to give solutions that can contribute to this planet.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Embracing appropriate management strategies to ensure the sustainability of groundwater resource under climate is decisive for tropical karst islands. In this study, long term impacts of climate variability on groundwater recharge and discharge at the Oemau spring, Rote Island, Indonesia using HadCM3-GCM predictor variables for the H3A2a and H3B2a climate scenarios were investigated. The analysis suggests that the sustainability of groundwater resources generally varies over the period and will be adversely affected by climate change during dry years when the area is projected to experience supply shortage of around 29-67 L/s as a result of 5.24-23.63% decrease of rainfall, 2.48-24.57% reduction of recharge, and 2.53-22.80% decrease of spring discharge, under HadCM3 GCM scenarios. A subsequent comprehensive set of management strategies as palliative and adaptive efforts was proposed to be implemented by relevant stakeholders to assist the community dealing with water deficit during the dry years.

Aquaculture can be defined as the cultivation of aquatic organisms, and its systems are usually done in pond. Feeding management in aquaculture pond is very important since it will determine the yield of aquaculture production. Primary food source for most aquatic organism is phytoplankton, which its abundance in aquatic ecosystem is affected by nutrient such as nitrate and phosphate, light availability, temperature, and etc. The nutrient content must be maintained at the level that supports a beneficial phytoplankton abundance and a healthy fishery. Because when the nutrients increasing exceeds the desirable rate, the pond begins the eutrophication process. Eutrophic ponds are often undergo large algal bloom that will causing mass fish mortality and other environmental problem. The relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton abundance conventionally using simple linear regression. However, this method is less informative because it cannot provide the estimation limit of nutrient content to prevent eutrophication. This research proposes quantile regression to fix the flaw. The proposed method is applied to nutrient content and phytoplankton abundance of aquaculture pond at IBAT Punten, Batu. The result shows that the nitrate and phosphate limit are estimated at 0.731 mg/L and 0.022 mg/L respectively.

The use of geosynthetic materials has developed very rapidly; however, the use of clay as a mineral barrier is a necessity to meet environmental requirements to protect groundwater from leachate in landfills. Generally, the soil used as a mineral barrier is local land or close to landfill locations. It is just often found that local land does not meet the requirements as a barrier. This condition occurs in landfill development in Rikut Jawu, South Barito regency. The permeability of the surrounding land that has been compacted is still higher than the required permeability. An effort is needed so that the permeability can be accepted. This paper describes the effort to minimize the permeability of sandy loam soils in Rikut Jawu to meet the requirements as a landfill liner. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, University of Lambung Mangkurat. Disturbed soil samples were mixed with bentonite with the percentages of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% based on dry weight. Water was added depending on the optimum moisture content of each mixture that was obtained from the Standard Proctor compaction test. Series of the permeability tests were performed according to ASTM standard. In order to investigate the time effect, the samples were cured for periods of 3, 7, and 14 days. The result shows that the presence of bentonite in the mixture influences the permeability (k) of samples. The permeability of samples decreases from 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ cm/s to 3.6 × 10⁻⁷ cm/s. The result also found that the permeability of bentonite enhanced soil was also influenced by the water content of compaction. The curing times of 3, 7, and 14 days do not significantly affect the permeability. The percentage of bentonite to be used as a clay liner to fulfill permeability requirement is 50%. The further efforts are suggested and discussed in the paper.

Candida tropicalis is an organism capable of promoting the fermentation process of starch media supplementation with α-amylase sufficient to produce ethanol. This study aims to identify Candida tropicalis yeast and the potential for ethanol production which is tolerant at high temperatures. Molecular identification methods using Molecular rDNA sequencing and measurement of ethanol production at the incubation rate of yeast growth at 38°C, 39°C and 40°C. The best isolates used were JCBI-23 and JCBI-24 from Indonesia and DMKU-3 thermo tolerant yeast control isolates Kluyveromyces marxianus. The results showed that molecular identification of JCBI-23 isolate was Candida tropicalis culture CBS: 2424 large subunit of ribosome RNA gene with an identification value of 99% and JCBI-24 isolate was Candida tropicalis isolate 4kr27 26S ribosome RNA gene with an identification value of 96%. Based on the growth resistance test, isolates showed that optimum growth occurred during seven-day incubation period and tend to decrease its growth on day 14, both at 37°C, 38°C and 39°C. The best ethanol production at 37°C and not significantly different from the controlled isolates, and showed ethanol production tend to be constant on day 48, both at 37 and 40°C.

This study evaluates the climate change impact to the depth of inundation due to dam breaks during a heavy rainfall through Hydrological Engineering Centre–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Increasing of intensity rainfall is an evidence of climate change exists and it explicitly informs that possibility of higher inflow rates will be also getting bigger. This fact become main concern in connection with raising probability of dam breaks with higher magnitude of flooding. This current study determines the flood inundation depth due to Chereh Dam failure by including the Climate Change Factor (CCF). The result of analysis point out that the depth and level of flood due dam break creates a significant impact and risk to the Kuantan City such as inundated of transportation networks and also various public facilities.

The need for Sengon wood is increasing every year. The waste produced by Sengon wood is also high. Sengon wood waste contains lignin by 26.50%. This high lignin content makes Sengon wood waste very potential to be used as activated carbon. Activated carbon is a porous solid containing 85 - 95% carbon. Activated carbon is produced from carbon-containing materials with high temperature heating. The process of making activated carbon consists of dehydration, carbonization, and activation. Chemical activation is carried out using certain chemicals to be mixed with carbon. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of carbonization temperature on the quality and characteristics of activated carbon from Sengon wood. The temperatures used are 400, 500 and 600 °C and the types of activator agents used are ZnCl₂, CaCl₂, and CH₃COOH. Tests carried out are water content testing, iodine absorption test and surface area calculation. In this study, the results of carbonization temperature were obtained and the type of activator agent significantly affected the character of the activated carbon produced. The best results are shown by carbon with a carbonization temperature of 600 °C with CaCl2 activator agent which is a water content of 1.46%, iodine absorption of 1089.5598 mg/g and a surface area of 1201.5688 m2/g.

Cimanuk River is the second largest river in West Java after the Citarum River. It is many used as a source of raw water in the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM). However, water quality of the Cimanuk River considered polluted. This research aims to assess water quality of the Cimanuk River based on the water quality standards of World Health Organization (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Environmental Quality Standard (EQS), and Regulation of the Governor of West Java (WJP) Class 1. Water sampling stations of Cimanuk River at Sukatani, Boyongbong, Sukamantri, Tomo, Monjot, and Kertasmaya. The STORET method used to assess the water in the Cimanuk River from years 2013 to 2017. Base on ten parameters, this study found that the Cimanuk River is not meet the water quality standards with the value of TSS (120,93±99,06 mg/L), DO (6,71±0,96 mg/L), BOD (7,43±3,28 mg/L), COD (19,70±11,77), NH3 (0,43±0,33 mg/L), NO3 (4,75±4,19 mg/L), PO4 (0,66±0,28 mg/L), and Total Coliform (66600±57415 MPN/100mL). The degradation of the water quality in the Cimanuk River indicated by the decreasing STORET score. STORET score of the Cimanuk River ranging from -36 to -120. The water quality status of the Cimanuk River has heavily polluted. Water pollution in the Cimanuk River is a threat to the sustainability of water resources. Nowadays, the Cimanuk River is not suitable for the drinking water source. However, it is feasible to irrigate agricultural land. Therefore, an increase in collaboration between local communities, regional government, and private sectors is needed to conserve the Cimanuk River.

The utilization of modified sawdust cellulose and the adsorption capacity for Cu(II) removal in aqueous solution is reported. The modification of cellulose was conducted by delignification using NaOH followed by esterification using citric acid. Delignification sawdust (DLSD) using NaOH 0.5 M gave the increasing cellulose content to 22.38%. Then, the esterification of cellulose using 1.2 M of citric acid successfully increasing the hydroxyl and carboxyl group from the analysis of FTIR. The modified sawdust (MDSD) showed the increasing intensity of -OH stretching in in 3348 cm⁻¹ in concomitant with the emergence of a new peak at 1717 cm⁻¹ identified as C=O, either from carboxyl and/or carbonyl moieties. Adsorption capacities of DSLD and MDSD for Cu(II) are evaluated in constant pH 6. The maximum adsorption of MDSD is achieved within 2 h and adsorbed 78.3% of Cu(II). The adsorption of Cu(II) is fitted well with the Langmuir model suggesting the physical interaction between -OH and/or COO⁻ with the metal cation. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) by MDSD is 4.33 mg/g higher than DSLD which is 2.61 mg/g. Based on this result, modification of sawdust cellulose increased the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) in aqueous solution.

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of forest revegetation on Arjuna Mount of the preservation of the area around the spring. The research method was quantitative descriptive, by conducting a survey of measurements in the area around the springs. The survey method covers: (1) the measurement of the number and type of plants, the results of their growth (number of plants that live and die), as well as measuring the water discharge of springs; (2) interviews of people living in the vicinity of springs; (3) direct observation of vegetation conditions around Lajer, Dawuan, Sumber Kuning and Watupereng springs in Arjuna Mount. Data were analyzed quantitatively spatially using GIS, ArcView 3.3 programs and Google Earth. The results showed that (1) forest revegetation in Lajer's springs area, the water debit of springs were 10.35 L/s; (2) forest revegetation in Dawuan springs area, the water debit of springs were 25.47 L/s; (3) forest revegetation in Sumber Kuning springs area, the water debit of springs were 10.25 L/s; (4) forest revegetation in the Watu Pereng springs, the water debit of springs were 0.80 L/s.

The Cimanuk River downstream is part of local community activities in the watershed. Uncontrolled waste disposal from these activities will have any negative impact on the water quality of the river and resulting polluted river. This study aims to analyze and assess water pollution in the Cimanuk River downstream. Analyze water quality of the Cimanuk River downstream based on the standard of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (INA), Regulation of the Governor of West Java (WJP), United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and Department of Environment (DEO). The pollution index method used to assess the water in the Cimanuk River downstream from years 2015 to 2017. Water sampling site of Cimanuk River downstream was at Kenanga, Bojongsari, Sindang, and Paoman in Indramayu District, West Java Province. This study found that five parameters (Temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, and DO) do not meet the water quality standards with the value of Temperature (30.91±0.68 °C), TSS (62±47.75 mg/L), BOD (21.82±27.42 mg/L), COD (42.29±47.05 mg/L), and DO (4.06±2.45 mg/L). The impact of water pollution causes a decrease in water quality annually. Pollution index value of the Cimanuk River downstream ranging from 1.40 to 17.06. The water quality status of Cimanuk River downstream has been changing from slightly polluted to highly polluted. River water pollution indication due to uncontrollable waste disposal from domestic waste, batik industry, crackers industry, regional public hospital, car wash, traditional and modern market waste along the Cimanuk River downstream. Therefore, a strict environmental law enforcement from the local government to polluters needed to control water pollution in the Cimanuk River downstream in the future.

Production of secondary metabolites through in vitro culture can be increased by providing environmental stress conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of in vitro environment stress by the addition of elicitor on the withanolides production of shoots culture of P. angulata. Two weeks old shoot culture of P. angulata was elicited in either MS medium + biotic elicitor (25, 75, and 125 mg/L chitosan) or abiotic (PEG 2.5, 3, and 5%) for two weeks. The control was MS0 medium without the addition of growth regulators or elicitor. The results of HPLC analysis showed that chitosan elicitor had better effect than PEG. Chitosan was more effective in increasing withanolide content than PEG with a little inhibition of growth. Elicitation with PEG slightly increased withanolide with more inhibiting shoot growth. This result shows that stress manipulation in the in vitro environment through elicitation is potential strategy to improve withanolides production from shoot culture of P. angulata.

The rate of carbon (C) mineralization plays an important role in environmental system as it determines the amount of carbon dioxide emit to the atmosphere and the amount of organic carbon stabilized by soil minerals. Therefore, assessing the influence of organic matter (OM) types on the C mineralization is essential to understanding mechanisms to reduce carbon dioxide production and to improve SOC contents in the reclaimed-mine tropical soils. In this study, four different types of OM (albizia, acacia, calopo and mixed-albizia-acacia-calopo) with 4 different rates: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 of maximum capacity of soils to adsorb OM (Qmax) were added to a 3-years reclaimed-mine soil, and the C mineralization of added OM was quantified over a 90-day of incubation period. Results of the study revealed that the addition of albizia resulted in the C mineralization of 45.2% added OM, while the C mineralization of 58.1% added OM was observed when calopo was applied to the soil. Differences in the C mineralization with different types of OM was related to differences in the chemical composition of added OM. Addition of albizia at the rate of 0.5 Qmax produced the C mineralization of 38.7% added OM, while only 50.2% and 46.6% of added OM was mineralized when albizia was added to soils at rates of 1.0 and 1.5 Qmax, respectively. This study showed that the chemical composition of OM originated from vegetation may also be considered in the selection of vegetation types for mined-land reclamation in order to reduce carbon dioxide production and to increase the OC contents of the reclaimed-mine tropical soils.

Weeds become the major thread in the agriculture system especially for rice crops. Individual density per 0,1 m could decrease 57% of dryland rice production. We aimed to determine the strategy for manage the rice weeds in eco-friendly dryland as the effort to conserve the biodiversity. The methodology used is mixed method with observation and in-depth interview. The research was conducted in July – Oktober 2018, Sudimoro district, Pacitan Regency, East Java. The weeds that dominantly by important value index is Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Ex DC (4,41) and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) J. Gaertner (2,84). The farmer tends to manage the weed chemically; even 100% respondent admitted the use of 42.86% chemical and mechanical to manage the weeds, meanwhile the rest 57.14% used only chemical (herbicide). To the farmers, the use of herbicide is believed as the most effective solution, it takes only few times, less energy, and more affordable than mechanic control. However, 42.86% of respondents indicated that the weed turned more resistant because even it was sprayed by herbicide, the weeds kept growing up. In the other side, the existence of pollinator insect and odonata were no longer as much as in the past time, moreover, somehow, odonata was totally disappeared. This reflection shows that the quality of ecosystem was disturbed by the use of herbicide. The management using the prior ecological principles is the best solution to conserve the ecosystem. This one can be gained through combining mechanical and biologycal management.

Environmental changes, including loss of biodiversity, threaten agricultural production and quality. The present research investigated morphology and production character in ten accessions of local eggplant. The research was carried out by planting ten plants from each accession in a row, the distance among plants and among beds were 50 cm respectively. The experiment was conducted from March to August 2018 at Agrotechnopark Jatikerto, Malang, East Java. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that four components (PC1 to PC4) accounted for about 90% of the total variation among traits in eggplant accession. Out of total principal components PC1, PC2, PC3 with values of 41.6%, 24.4%, and 13.5% respectively contributed greatly to the total variation. The first principal component had the highest positive loading for five characters out of 10 viz. leaf width, leaf length, the length of petiole, stem diameter and plant height which contributed greatly to the diversity. Limao Eggplant and Blitar local eggplant which has high yield potential. The result of this study could be exploited in the planning and execution of future breeding programme in local eggplant.

Estimating carbon footprint (CF) of rice production could administer an insight into the input of rice production to climate change and analysing possible greenhouse gas (GHG) alleviation alternatives. In this study, data for the rice production of 34 provinces in Indonesia at year of 2015 were gathered from the Indonesian statistical data on area cultivation, productivity, fertilizer application, diesel, and irrigated water. The CF of indirect and direct carbon emissions which were correlated with those agricultural intakes was calculated with reported emission factors. The result demonstrated the CFs mean in 34 provinces during dry and rainy season in Indonesia was 1,900,341.48 kg CO eq/ha and 1,892,825.68 kg CO eq/ha, respectively. The data also showed that the highest of CF production during dry and rainy seasons obtained by Belitung Islands and East Nusa Tenggara province, respectively. Meanwhile the lowest of CF production for both dry and rainy season belonged to Yogyakarta province. Result on the quantified agricultural intakes demonstrated the irrigation water usage, fertilizer usage, direct methane and diesel for agricultural tools, had biggest to lowest contribution to CF production, respectively. Based on the result, we concluded that a rice cultivation practices which has an efficient irrigation water usage may become an option to reduce CF that leads to climate change mitigation.

An Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) is one of the dominant catch in Java Sea. Sustainability of Indian scads resources need to be maintained due to its important role and fisheries economic value especially in purse seine fisheries. This research was conducted in Sumenep Regency from February until July 2018 which aimed to determine the biological aspects and food composition of Indian scads (Decapterus russelli). The method in this research is descriptive and using random sampling method. A total of 1,078 fish samples obtained with Total Length (TL) ranged between 13.5-23.7 cm and body weight between 21.23-132.3 grams. The Indian Scads growth pattern was negative algometric with equation W = 0.02L^2.736. Male and female ratio was 1:1.08. The value of Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) was 1.76%. The Lm value was 19.3 cm. That was higher than the Lc value (18.6 cm). Growth parameters of Indian Scads indicated that asymptotic Length (L∞) was 25 cm, K was 0.58 and t0 age was -0.29 years and age of t max was 4.9 years. It was found that the main food of the Indian scads was phylum Ochrophyta (IP> 72%). The Indian scads growth pattern was negative allometric. Gonad Maturity Level (GML) analysis indicated that the samples were dominated by immature fish. Lm value of 19.3 cm was higher than the value of Lc (18.6 cm). The Indian scads were categorized as plankton feeder types.

Various separation methods for carbon dioxide gas have been proposed to control its release to the atmosphere, including the separation using an inorganic membranes such as ceramic MgO. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to clarify the condensation behaviour of carbon dioxide, in its pure and mixture state, onto the surface of MgO at a high operational temperature. The results show that no condensation of pure carbon dioxide is observed on MgO surface. However, the presence of methane impurity can promote the condensation of carbon dioxide on MgO surface as a single layer with an ordered configuration.

Objective of the study is to analyze how much influence Green Product has towards Green Marketing Strategy and influence of Green Product & Green Marketing Strategy towards Purchasing Intention of The Body Shop in Malang. The analysis method was smoothing spline non-parametric path analysis. Path analysis is one of the multivariate techniques observing cause and effect correlation between exogenous and endogenous variables in order to find the most efficient path. However, when linearity assumption has not been identified yet or regression curve is unknown, the model cannot accommodate an unidentified regression function. Therefore, non-parametric path analysis is developed since the analysis is derived from the non-parametric regression analysis. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that (1) Green Product (X1) has influence towards purchasing decision (Y), (2) Green Product and Green Marketing Strategy has influence towards purchasing decision and (3) Green Marketing Strategy (X2) has influence towards purchasing decision (Y).

Regional autonomy causes the Government of Malang Regency needs to increase local revenue, one of them by maximizing the existing tourism potential, such as Balekambang Beach and Batu Bengkung attractions. The purpose of this study is to determine the grouping of tourists formed based on demographic segmentation and satisfaction of tourists who visit the two beach attractions. The statistical analysis that can be used for grouping objects is cluster analysis. For mixed data, the combination of metric and non-metric grouping data can be performed with Two Step Cluster Analysis. The population in this study is all tourists Balekambang beach and Batu Bengkung, Malang regency. Using the rule of tumb, the sample size for this study is 120 samples. Sampling technique in this research use nonprobability sampling method with accidental base and quota sampling. This research applied two step cluster analysis using log-likelihood distance. The results of this study showed that Balekambang Beach and Batu Bengkung Beaches each formed three optimal clusters, while the tourists from the two coastal joints formed two optimal clusters. Overall, the tourist clusters formed on the joint and each coast have low satisfaction rates.

The food business is one of the most sought after businesses in Indonesia because it includes long-term business. The factors that affect customer satisfaction there are four namely product quality, price, taste and quality of service. However, in this research will be added promotion variable. Weaknesses Regression analysis is improved by the current commonly used statistical modelling which involves at least one exogenous variable, an endogen intervention variable and a pure endogenous variable is path analysis. This study has originality which will use multigroup modelling based on path analysis. In this research will be used Hypothesis Testing of Linear Parameter Function in order to compare the results between the two groups. Respondents in this research are Brawijaya University Statistics students from 2014 to class of 2017. Evaluation of lane analysis model using the coefficient of determination total and theory trimming. In the modern food group used t-test and for traditional food group used Hypothesis test of linear function parameters (HFLP). Where based on hypothesis testing on both models produce different results. In the modern food group there are 4 variables that (significantly) affect Customer Satisfaction namely Product Quality, Price Compliance, Quality of Taste, and Service Quality.

Indonesia is one of the developing countries where information system technology is widely used in the field of management. One example is the use of Go-Food applications. Many problems and determinants of someone in using Go-Food. Not all problems can only be solved by looking at one exogenous variable alone. So that required a more complex modelling that is Partial Least Square - Path Modelling (PLS-PM). The PLS-PM process requires resampling in testing the hypothesis. so it is necessary to compare the bootstrap resampling and jackknife techniques as well as to determine how many replicas in each resampling technique to achieve convergent conditions. The analysis procedure is to collect the data, then proceed to make PLS-PM model which then tested by using bootstrap resampling and jackknife. Compare the best resampling and see convergent conditions on each resampling. In this study it is known that the results of PLS-PM relationship in accordance with the model where the relationship of benefits to the attitude becomes the most significant relationship. in the process of hypothesis testing obtained one path that is not significant ease of interest. In comparison the resampling results obtained jackknife more efficient than using bootstrap.

The tourism sector is one of income source for the region and for the country. The area of South Malang Beach is one of the tourist areas that has the potential and appeal to the natural beauty of the beach. Mapping and positioning are used to see the position of one beach attraction with other similar tourist objects based on tourist perceptions. Biplot analysis is one of the statistical methods which aims to provide an overview of the position of objects with variables simultaneously in two-dimensional graphs. The research data was obtained from the results of the questionnaire distribution of visitors' perceptions of eight coastal attractions on the Southern Cross Line (JLS) based on the service marketing mix variable (7P). The research respondents were 130 people from eight beach objects on JLS. Based on the results and graphs of Biplot analysis, it is known that Batu Beach and Ungapan Beach are the beaches that have the most advantages in service marketing mix variables (7P). Whereas the beach that is perceived to have no advantages at all in the service marketing mix variable is Sendang Biru Beach.

Bos indicus was known for its superiority in thermotolerance compare to Bos taurus. The purpose of the study was to know the sweating rate of local cattle Peranakan Ongole (PO) and compare it with those of it's cross with Bos taurus (Limousine or Simmental). The result showed that PO has higher sweating rate (p<0.05) than it's cross with Bos taurus (Limpo or Simpo). There was no different (p>0.05) between Limpo and Simpo. The mean sweating rate value of PO was 86.7±5.05 and of Limpo/Simpo was between 78.2±2,95 and 79.0±4.58 ml/s.

This research reconstructs the Structural Flexibility and Acceptance Model (SFAM), as a concept / theory / proposition step on statistical modeling. Existing and widely used statistical modeling, such as SEM, PLS, GSCA and WarpPLS, have flaws and still lack some flaws. SFAM reconstruction is done by reducing existing weaknesses and by adding some new and often needed statistical concepts to statistic users. Structural Flexibility and Acceptance Model (SFAM) is a very intense method of data analysis, especially in the field of social and humanities education. Research in the field in general is to investigate the system, in which one of the properties of the system is complex. The simplification solution can be done through statistical modeling. The reconstruction of Structural Flexibility and Acceptance Model (SFAM) will also be equipped with the concept of path analysis with category data, so it can be used to analyze category data. It is also integrated with a flexible and robust modeling approach based on nonparametric smoothing spline regression analysis (RNSS) capable of capturing the form of relationships that depend on empirical data, and the uniformity of free assumption-based models of assumptions and the assumption of homosexuality of variance errors.

Sengon is a fast growing plant and recently paid many attentions for timber industry sector. New plantations are established in many province of Indonesia. Including in East Java. Plantation is managed by private, public company, and even by individual farmer. The timber logs are produced to support some industries such as pulp, plywood and constructions. However, the processing still remains a huge waste of wood bark and wood scraps. Some companies disposed the waste into environment and some burnt for firewood. And thus, come up to the environmental issue. This paper reports recent chemicals investigation contained in the Sengon bark and also evaluate the potency to lower of the glucose-related diseases. It is found that bark's crude extract is composed of some group of chemicals, such as alkaloid, flavonoid and triterpenoid. Further separation of the extract into simpler chemicals found the triterpenoid group dominated the composition. UV-VIS and FTIR spectra also confirmed the substituent of the chemicals structures, such as alkyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl-groups construct the triterpenoid structures. In addition, all these triterpenoids groups can decrease a glucose level in vivo, and the value is comparable to that reference reported.

Contamination of heavy metals such as Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ have become serious problems in the aquatic ecosystems. Various efforts to prevent the negative impacts of pollution are being conducted. One of the crucial efforts is to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems. However, the monitoring the heavy metal concentration faces various obstacles, particularly in the lotic ecosystems such as river due to the water flow. This study aims to analyze the utilization of biofilm matrix as a biological agent in the monitoring of river ecosystems. The study focuses on Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in the Cokro River of Malang City. The concentration of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were measured in the river water, sediment and biofilm. The environmental parameters those analyzed were temperature, pH of bottom sediment, pH of water, current speed and water depth. The results of this study reveal that the concentration of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ inside the biofilms were much higher compared with those of in the sediment and river water. According to the results of this study, the biofilm matrix is a promising biological agent to monitor the Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ concentration in the lotic ecosystems such as Cokro River.

In vegetable farming, one of important issues is determining the right dose application of nitrogen fertilizer. The advantages and disadvantages of nitrogen fertilizer in spinach (Amaranthus sp.) will have an adverse effect on its productivity. The total nitrogen measurement by chemical analysis is too expensive, inefficient, and cannot be applied directly. The use of digital image analysis and intelligent modelling such as artificial neural network (ANN) can provide a real-time and accurate solution to predict the content of nitrogen in spinach leaf. This study aims to model the relationship between texture parameter based on colour co-occurrence matrix (CCM) and nitrogen content in spinach leaves. The texture analysis consists of 40 CCM textural features derived from RGB and grey colour. From the 40 CCM textural features, some of the best CCM textural features are selected to be used as ANN inputs in predicting nitrogen content. The best parameter selection method applying two approaches are the filter method including: (1) correlation-based feature selection; (2) correlation attribute evaluation; (3) linear regression; and (4) relief attribute evaluation and the wrapper method which is neural-genetic algorithm (N-GA). The best parameter selection result in the filter method based on the validation result is correlation-based feature selection (using 10 CCM textural features, training MSE = 0.0028; validation MSE = 0.00016; testing accuracy R2 = 0.96). However, when compared to all filter methods, the wrapper method using N-GA still demonstrates better results (using 8 CCM textural features, training MSE = 0.00039; validation MSE = 0.000038; testing accuracy R2 = 0.993). From CCM textural features which have been selected, it can be used as input ANN to predict the nitrogen content of spinach leaves accurately. The best ANN structure has been built by using 1 input layer (8 inputs), 1 hidden layer (20 nodes), and 1 output layer (1 node).

Search for new sources of antibacterial agents that are more environmentally-friendly to the environment and human health has emerged since synthetic antimicrobial drugs led to antibiotic resistance. South East Asia region is one of the world's most biodiverse regions and provide reservoir of new and potentially useful molecules from plants. Ruellia tuberosa L., an indigenous species from South East Asia, is a plant that is grown in almost in every area in Indonesia. In the current study, anti-microbial activity of hydroethanolic extracts of R. tuberosa L. was screened against S. aureus and E. coli, using well diffusion method. Results showed that hydroethanolic extracts of R. tuberosa L. at concentrations of 5; 10; 20, 50; 75; and 100% (v/v) resulted in inhibition zones of 7; 7; 9.80; 11.50; 14.15; and 15.25 mm, respectively, against S. aureus, Gram-positive bacteria. The inhibition zones against E. coli, Gram-negative bacteria, resulted in 7; 7; 7; 10.75; 11.00; and 15.00 mm, for concentrations of 5; 10; 20, 50; 75; and 100% (v/v), respectively. The commercial antibiotics, chloramphenicol and ampicillin were used for the control, and resulted in inhibition zones of 30.20 and 25.70 mm for S. aureus; 29.85 and 25.40 mm for E. coli. These results indicated that both extracts and antibiotics were more potent to inhibit S. aureus than E. coli. This study contributes to the development of environmentally friendly based-product for diseases caused by bacteria.

The aims of this research is to analyze the quality of fermented cow urine, derived from Ngabab village, Pujon, Kab. Malang. The quality of fermented urine was determined from the concentrations of N, P, K, and ammonia (as NH₃), using commercially available EM-4 and local microorganisms resulting from organic waste. The fermentation was conducted using 6 different ratios. They were: (1) urine: EM-4 = 2:1; (2) urine: EM-4 = 4:1; (3) urine: EM-4: organic waste = 4:1:1; (4) urine: table sugar: organic waste = 4:1:1; (5) urine: EM-4: table sugar = 10:5:1; and (6) urine only. Results showed that composition 1 resulted in the highest N content, while ratio 1 resulted in the highest P and K contents. Interestingly, the highest C organic achieved in the method 6, where urine fermented without any additives. In general, these results suggested that cow urine fermentation could be one of the green techniques to produce chemical fertilizer and pesticides which are environmentally harmful. Furthermore, the use of local microorganisms from organic waste can be considered as substitute for commercially available EM-4.

Increasing human activity has an impact on energy needs. Electrical energy is the most dominant type of energy used daily. the increase in electricity demand in East Java was due to an increase in industrial activity in several cities in East Java, such as Surabaya, Mojokerto, Sidoarjo. Meanwhile, the electrical energy needs of several rural areas in East Java, such as in Bodowoso, Bangkalan, Sumenep have not been fulfilled due to geographical factors. The solution to fulfillment of electricity in rural areas can utilize the potential of alternative energy, such as solar energy and biogas. The high potential of solar energy and biogas can be used as an energy source for solar PV-biogas hybrid power plants. The aim of the study was to study the application of a solar PV-biogas power plant model in rural areas. The research method of the solar PV-biogas hybrid power plant is carried out in several stages to assess the potential for the application of hybrid power plants in rural areas in eastern Java. The research method uses a 100 Wp solar PV hybrid system model and 1 KW biogas generator set by analyzing the potential of electricity produced on average per day. The results of the study of the analysis of the potential application of solar PV-biogas power plants show the configuration of the power plant model of generating solar PV-biogas generators produced by solar PV electric power 1.260 kW per day and 0,379 kW KW biogas generator with a total electrical energy of 1,639 kW / day. Electric energy consumption per family head is an average of 1 kWh / day. the application of a solar PV-biogas hybrid power plant still with a surplus of 0,639 KW. the model of solar PV-biogas generator has a good effective and efficient to be applied in rural Java east.

Forest honey is a major commodity that contributes to the communities' economies and many indigenous communities preserve their forests for sustainable honey production. Sumbawa forest honey, natural product resulted from Sumbawan forest, contains flavonoid with high concentrations, thus, this forest product can be used as antioxidant. The level pollution in our environment in the last twenty years has been a source of concern which needs a serious and tactical approach. One of the most important toxic pollutants in environment that can be accumulated in the body is lead (Pb). The lead poisoning leading to body organ damage. This research aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Sumbawa forest honey towards lead poisoning to the kidney damage, using animal models. The damaged on the kidney of rats as animal models, induced by lead acetate. This research used 20 rats, divided into 5 groups, which were negative control, positive control which received lead acetate 10 mg per rat/day for 14 days, and preventive therapy groups which administered the Sumbawa forest honey with 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg bw doses for 28 days, and simultaneously received lead acetate with 10 mg per rat/day on day 15^th-28^th. Levels of BUN (blood urea nitrogen) were measured using spectrophotometry methods, and kidney histopathological features were stained using HE which then observed using microscope. Results showed that the administration of Sumbawa forest honey reduces BUN levels and repaired the kidney damage, with the best dose of 75 mg/kg bw. These show that natural forest products can be utilized as natural cure for diseases related to the environmental pollution. Furthermore, results in the paper are intended to provide farmers and forestry stakeholders (including policy-makers) with the necessary information and motivation to consider forest honey as a forest product integrated in national forest programmes.

The development and utilization of renewable energy sources usually requires a complicated process and often still needs the support from fossil energy sources, so that a system that integrate both energy sources must be developed. Smart grid is a modern electricity network infrastructure with the ability to integrate alternative (nuclear, geothermal) and renewable energy sources (wind, water, air, diesel, etc.) and the ability to improve reliability, efficiency and security through automatic control and use of modern communication technology. Therefore the Smart Grid implementation will provide greater benefits because the number of renewable and integrated and integrated storage units increases, efficiency increases, operational costs decrease, reliability increases and CO2 emissions decrease. The implementation of the smart grid in the micro scale in this study is for the fulfilment of household electricity needs. The solar power as a renewable energy sources will be integrated to the smart grids so that households can become independent in providing electricity and not dependent on the state electricity company and also reduce monthly electricity costs. This study will discuss the integrating energy supply on the smart home micro grid.

Mangrove ecosystem is a reservoir for natural product such as enzyme. One of the enzymes which able to be isolated from mangrove is L-asparaginase. The aim of this research was to obtain endophytic fungi which capable of producing L-asparaginase from mangrove. Sonneratia alba was obtained from Aeng Sareh Beach, Madura. Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf, stem, and root of Sonneratia alba. The fungi were screened its capability to produce L-asparaginase using selective media namely modified Czapex Dox agar. The best producer of L-asparaginase was further identified with microscopic and macroscopic identification method. The result showed that seven strain produced L-asparaginase. Based on the analysis, Trichoderma sp. was the best producer for L-asparaginase.

The condition where Indonesia is a tropical country and has two seasons where in April to September is the dry season while October to March is the rainy season where during the rainy season it causes flooding in several big cities in Indonesia so that puddles meet the road segments resulting in roads become damaged and perforated where the problem arises starting from a traffic accident, the exhaust gas CO₂ on the vehicle does not burn completely, so that adds to air pollution. To answer this problem, we built a solution to make a platform to detect potholes and road monitoring. The research carried out the implementation of road observers that utilized IMU sensor that attached to the embedded system, send the location information to Smart Environment Monitoring and Analytics in Real Time System, is a monitoring platform system based on the Internet of Things, and Big Data. This system is an integration of several sensor devices connected to the embedded system and communication devices attached to the vehicle.

Water hyacinth is a source of biomass, easily found in large quantities from our environment and one of renewable energy sources. As for biomass fuel, it was prepared by carbonizing process. Carbonization of biomass (fueling) includes a process to increase the content of heating value of biomass. In this study, carbonization process was carried out for temperatures 400oC, 500oC and 600oC. Activated carbons were prepared from water hyacinth using NaOH activation (ACWH). Characterization of the ACWH were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Other physical parameter such as moisture content, ash content and volatile matter were measured in this article. The result of SEM-EDX showed the pore size and element carbon of the ACWH increases with increasing carbonization temperature. The ACWH was containing functional groups representing phenols, hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups. The increases carbonization temperature seems to be increasing crystallinity and crystal size of the ACWH. The physical parameter of the ACWH showed ash content increases when increasing the carbonization temperature. Nevertheless, parameter of moisture content and volatile matter was decreased. The study concludes that the carbonization temperature of the ACWH causes changes in the characteristics of the structure and composition of chemical compounds which are different from the origin.

The national park is considered as one of the protected areas (PA) created to conserve and protect biodiversity for the benefit of living being and humankind. Penang National Park (PNP) was gazetted in 2003 under the National Parks Act 1980 with a total coverage area of 2,563 hectares. It is in the North-Western part of Penang Island. Referring to its size PNP is among the smallest national parks in the world. The main purpose of (PNP) establishment is to preserve and enhance natural scenery, wildlife and cultural heritage. Being one of the protected areas located in the fast-growing state, PNP faces threats such as development pressures, encroachment and illegal development surrounding the park. This issue threatens its function to conserve biodiversity and raises conflict between the community and the management of this area. To maintain its sustainability the protected area should be able to adapt to changes in social and ecological aspects in support of the conservation agenda. Thus, an investigation has been carried out to understand the views of the local communities towards PNP. Data were collected from local communities living near PNP through questionnaire survey involving 282 respondents from two main areas nearby the national park i.e Teluk Bahang and Kampung Pantai Acheh. The understanding on determinants of local community attitudes towards PA might provide guidance in the design, management and assessment of this strategic form of biodiversity conservation. The outcomes were to establish the local community perceptions on the impact of protected area and analyses the association on the economic, social and environmental impact that support the long-term persistence of conservation concern.

The Mayangan Fish Port in Probolinggo, East Java, is a growing traditional infrastructure. Development activities are at risk of causing adverse impacts on the surrounding environment, especially on local communities condition. This study aims to review the Mayangan Fish Port sustainability through MDS and RAP-Fisheries based on 5 dimensions: institutional, economic, technological, environmental, and social. MDS results show that the technology dimension has the highest sustainability value (64.42), then institutional (58.20), ecology (54.12), social (50.87), and economy (49.35). Culture is very strong underlying all dimensions and supporting sustainability. Product diversification can increase the competitiveness and economic benefits of the community. The further challenges are to build the institutional, technological and social level management of the community to be ready to face global and broader competition by government assistance.

Environmental education become very important today because beside as an effort to preserve natural environment, as well as the efforts to save local wisdom and culture related to environmental preservation. Environmental education is not only can be done through formal learning at school as well as the extension and training, but also through a social approach by learn the existing local wisdom that had proven capable of maintain and preserve the environment from generation to generation. A techniques also began to be developed in Japan, called kikigaki, to pass down the knowledge of environmental conservation from the older generation to the younger generation. Kikigaki literally means listen and write. This method also began to be developed in several places in Indonesia. It gives opportunity for the younger generation to learn the history of the actors or meijin during their life or work which are close to environment. Kikigaki covers two functions, as natural environment preservation, and also human and environmental history and the culture of enclosing them. Therefore local wisdom-based environmental education through kikigaki becomes necessary to be developed in Indonesia since it has opportunities for enriched with the experience and culture in Indonesia.

Minapolitan is a concept of sustainable development policy based on the fisheries area. Blitar Regency as a center of fish ornamental fish cultivation and the Minapolitan area since 2011. During the implementation process as well as the policy output stage, an evaluation is needed to determine the sustainability status of the Minapolitan area development policy from the ecological and socio-economic dimensions; and what the most sensitive attribute play a role in the multidimensional sustainability using Multi-Dimensional Scaling Method. The main finding that the ornamental fish business in Blitar Regency is sustainable category. The most sensitive attribute contributes to the multidimensional sustainability is fisheries resource fertility, rainfall, fish cultivation benefits, water quality, and environmental knowledge. The strategy to keep the sustainability status, for example maintaining water quality as well as implementing Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) to keep fisheries resource fertility, diligently moving a certain size ornamental fish to the aquarium to avoid the unstable rainfall, creating consumer satisfaction and improving environmental knowledge.

This research is aimed to find the best formulation model of organic paddy based on local wisdom. This study used a qualitative approach with survey methods, in-depth inteview with snowball sampling, and FGD (Forum Group Discussion). The subject consisted of village elders, heads of farmer groups, and organic farmers. The SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) anaylisis is used to identify factors that influence local wisdom and development strategies. The study was conducted in Malang Regency which covers several are Kepanjen District, Gondanglegi District, and Lawang District. Research was conducted from April to August 2018. Data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. Result showed that a few farmer in three study sites practiced an organic farming systems in Malang Regency, namely Kepanjen, Gondanglegi, and Lawang. The result also showed that, Lawang District still applies local wisdom in its agriculture, among others. The underlying weakness is the increasing of migrating culture by village youth and the lack of local wisdom in agriculture. Strategy that can be developed is intensively socialization of organic farming based on local wisdom to village youth, thus the village can be used as an ecotourism area.

Surabaya as the center of economic activities in eastern Indonesia suffers significant growth of vehicles annually. This increase has tremendous impact towards the environment, including air pollution, mainly comes from private vehicle users. Therefore, users of private vehicles should be limited in order maintain air quality. The use of this private vehicle can be limited by offering them adequate public transportation. This study aims to investigate the reduction of pollutants, namely CO, NO₂, and SO₂ emissions, which is obtained from the shift of private vehicles to public transportation, in this case, buses and paratransit. Results show that there are 77% of private vehicle users who are willing to shift to public transportation if the facilities of these modes are significantly improved. The reduction of CO, NOx, and SO2 every year reach up to 385,264.894 tons of CO/year; 12,292.303 tons NOx/year, and 365.689 tons SO₂/year, respectively. However, due to the limited number of buses and paratransit, the public transportation may accommodate as many as 10% from the private vehicle users. This shows immediate action from the government is required not only to improve the quality but also quantity of public transport modes.

The condition of Indonesia's coastal ecosystems is experiencing considerable degradation and the average coastal damage in Indonesia shows that almost 50% severely damaged. Healthy ecosystem services can support human life and well-being both in terms of health, food security, and provision of employment opportunities. However, due to the considerable pressure on the coast, and irrational anthropogenic factors, the services of the coastal ecosystem experience disruption which lead to less optimal services. Based on these problems, the authors examined how much influence the coastal ecosystem services have on the society. This study aims is to achieve the goal of improving the management of mangrove ecosystems, coral reefs, estuaries, seagrass beds through integrated ecosystem restoration activities that are environmentally sustainable. The method is using "Ecosystem-Based Management" (EBM). Such approach is integrated with coastal village restoration plan (REDP) in Pejarakan village – Buleleng – Bali to create community resilience. The results of the study are expected to provide a model of community institutional resilience to cope damaged ecosystem conditions. Further, the model is expected to be used for assessing coastal ecosystem services elsewhere.

Sea level rise due the climate change has emerged the coastal flood phenomena in North Jakarta. Coastal flood gives a negative impact on the environment and socio-economic life of the Marunda community, forcing the communities to be locally adapted towards the disaster. Community Local adaptation defined as an effort to reduce the risk of flooding based on their behavioral and cultural actions. The purpose of this study was to identify the community local adaptation strategies in confronting the coastal flooding based on the socio-economic and environmental perspectives in Marunda, North Jakarta, Indonesia. This study uses a narrative review analysis from in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. Data analysis includes the stage of action diagnosis and action evaluation. Based on the results, the local adaptation strategy in Marunda community are classified into three phases, namely at the step before, after, and during a flood. These three stages contain elements of physical and social adaptation derived from the ability of the community to remember experiences, learning from experience, and sharing experiences with individuals and other groups. These three abilities help the community to take adaptation actions so that the Marunda community becomes resilient to coastal flood.

The research objectives were (1) to examine the determinants of community empowerment towards the revegetation of Arjuna mount forests; (2) assessing the influence of geography and soil conditions on the revegetation of Arjuna mount forests; (3) reviewing the effect of Arjuna mount forest revegetation on the preservation of spring water sources and (4) formulating a model for empowering communities around the forest towards sustainable conservation of springs. The research method was descriptive quantitative, with research populations around the forest and springs, namely Leduk, Jatiarjo and Dayurejo Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java. The research sample was determined by cluster sampling and data analysis using SEM (structural equation modeling). The results showed that (1) the variable of community empowerment with factors human resources, economic, social, local institutions, facilities and infrastructure have a very significant effect on revegetation of Gunung Arjuna forest; (2) geographic and soil variables have a very significant effect on forest revegetation; (3) forest revegetation variables have a very significant effect on the preservation of spring resources; and (4) the local institutional factors, facilities and infrastructure have a higher influence than other factors. The institutional and facilities and infrastructure factors of the forest community can be a model of empowering the community around the forest towards the success of revegetation and preservation of the area around the source of the spring, and was the novelty of this dissertation research.

Land-use change occurs alongside the socio-economic, political, social and cultural conditions. Social condition is described as a sense of place or attachment to the place. Attachments to places arise because of changes, conceptualized as emotional links between humans and their environment. The classification of place attachment index indicates the score of three variables on five dimensions which explaines the people's expectation to defend their land. The aim of this study is to determine resident's opinion about the desire to maintain their land in Pandaan Sub-District using the place attachment index. This index consists of three variables: (1) place identity and place dependence; (2) community context (friend bonding and family bonding); (3) and natural environmental context (natural bonding). The research's result shows the score of variables: the place identity (75.88), place dependence (72.50), family bond (76.82), friend bond (72.82) and nature bond (76.97). All of these scores conclude that the place attachment index is on high class group with the average value is more than 73.33. It means that the residents in Pandaan Sub-District attach great importance of their land and have an emotional connection with their surroundings to maintain the sustainability of their village.

Indonesian statistics on village potential (2014) indicate that the province of East Java has not catch up with the infrastructure of its villages. The government is overcomes this delay through ADD (Alokasi Dana Desa/Village Fund Allocation). ADD is a government assistance program based on community participation. Desa Pajaran is part of the village group in Malang regency, which is a priority for ADD. The Mid Planning of Pajaran village 2014-2019 mentions that the priority program of the village of Pajaran is the improvement and development of infrastructure funded by ADD. The aims of the study are: 1) identification the participation level, which is divided into decision-making stage, implementation phase and utilization stage; 2) determine the factors forming social capital and social capital models and their relationship with participation. The result show that the level of participation in Desa Pajaran is low (57.5%). The structural equation model (SEM) analysis conducted in the Mplus program revealed that community social capital consisted of three elements: trust, social networks, and social norms. Trust is formed on six factors, social networks and social norms are formed on two factors. Social networks are an element of social capital that directly affects community participation in infrastructure development programs, while social beliefs and norms have an indirect relationship with community participation. The better social beliefs and norms, the better the network and community participation.

Taman beach as a sea turtle conservation area is a superior tourist destination in Pacitan which has the potential for community-based educational ecotourism development. The problems in the development framework are the lack of integrated management of tourism objects, lack of stakeholder support and involvement of local community. The purpose of the study is to formulate the right strategy to realize educational ecotourism development based on community participation in tourism object of Taman beach so it becomes an attractive destination in Pacitan Regency. The method used is SWOT analysis by analyzing external factors (opportunities and threats) and internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) with the EFAS and IFAS matrix. The results of the analysis show that the community-based educational ecotourism development strategy in the area of Taman beach is in quadrant I, that is through an aggressive strategy. The priority strategies that can be developed by local government and local community are (1) maintaining the sustainable preservation of natural and cultural attractions of local community potential, (2) increasing prevention of environmental pollution by involving all stakeholders, (3) enhancing the community ability to develop more creative and innovative tourist attractions, (4) increasing public understanding of the concept of educational ecotourism to prevent land-use conflict and (5) increasing the capacity of the community through debriefing as a supporting activity for educational ecotourism

Many efforts are made to maintain the existence of Joglo. Broadly speaking, the Javanese house can be divided into five types, namely the Panggang-pe, the Kampung, the Limasan, the Tajug and the Joglo. Initially, the Joglo is a house owned only by respected people, such as the nobles or a king. But over time, the mention of Joglo itself refers to all forms of Javanese vernacular buildings in general. Due to the costs of maintenance, many Joglo was eventually traded and then translocated to a new place for business purposes as found in Kampong Djawi Wonosalam. The objective of this paper is to describe qualitatively the phenomenon of Joglo's translocation which is increasingly happening in Jawa. Using the Griya Joglo of Kampong Djawi as the case study, the findings show that the transformation has been happened not only in the appearance physically due to the translocation process but also the sense of the place due to its new role. Assessment results reveal important outcomes that conservation of vernacular architecture in Indonesia now has entering a new paradigm as well as an option in conserving vernacular building ex-situcally.

Companies in South East Asia Countries have significant contributions to improve the countries' economic developments. However, the companies are facing current challenges in which environmental preservation issues receive such lack of attention, and therefore the score of environmental risk tends to increase. The study assumes that the level of environmental risk is affecting the companies' profitability. Using panel data from 1085 companies from Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam for the 2013-2015 period, the study applies Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to examine whether the environmental risk is affecting profitability, proxied by return on assets (ROA). It is interesting, however, that the independent variable does not change ROA. The influence is then becoming significant when the study applies variable controls such as industry, country, year, and total assets. Although, among those controlling variables, total assets and total current liabilities that are not affecting ROA.

Girimekar village in the outskirt of Bandung was chosen as target for community service program conducted by Telkom University and PT. Telkom Indonesia. The program lasted for 6 months. This program consisted of workshops, mural making, environmental conservation and waste management. Research was also conducted during the program, to analyze the effectiveness of the program to increase the villager's knowledge in cultural and environmental conservation. The method used in the research is participatory approach which used qualitative data. The findings are that the program effectively increase the awareness of the participants in recognizing environmental issues and that the visualization used in the mural making attracts people to come to see the murals. This is not only providing economic opportunities for the villagers, but also give challenges to the environmental conservation. The program is still ongoing, and this papers provide preliminary findings and discussions.