Table of contents

ICon-ITSD 2017

International Conference on Industrial Technology for Sustainable Development

https://icitsd2017.teknologiindustriumi.ac.id/

A. Conference Overview

To celebrate the 30th year of the Faculty of Industrial Technology (Fakultas Teknologi Industry, FTI), Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI), an International Conference On Industrial Technology for Sustainable Development (ICon-ITSD) will be hosted by FTI UMI in Aryaduta Hotel, Makassar Indonesia on 25-26 October 2017.

The conference will be the place for academia, industries and government representatives to share and discuss various issues in the sustainable development of industrial technology, including engineering, environmental, socio-cultural, economic growth, policies and other related topics.

List of Committees and Conference photographs are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

This paper investigate the effect of microwave treatment of coir fibers on mechanical properties (including tensile strength and strain) and surface morphology as well as crystallinity index. Coir fibers were exposed on the microwave oven for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Characterizations of raw and microwave treatment of fibers were conducted with tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that tensile strength of coir fiber after microwave treatment for 10 minutes was higher than raw and other treatment. Meanwhile, strain tended to decrease after microwave treatment. Surface morphology of coir fiber was found change after treatment. In addition, the crystallinity index of coir fiber tends to decrease after treatment.

The aim of this paper is to investigate notched (open hole) tensile strength and normalized strength of coir and angustifolia Haw agave fibers as reinforcement of hybrid composites. Fabrication of hybrid composite with coir and agave fibers as reinforcement and polyester as the matrix was performed. Coir and agave fibers were formed like a mat.Notched (open hole) hybrid composites were drilled with 6 mm diameter of a hole at center of samples. Tensile testing was conducted to unnotched and notched hybrid composite. Results showed that tensile strength decrease after drilling of a hole in hybrid composite sample center. Normalized strength was range between approximately 75-98%. Tensile fracture of notched samples based on the view of images was around the hole due to concentration stress.

Fish is one of the foods rich in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, which are beneficial to health. Fish and other fishery products are susceptible to the process of deterioration and decay due to the activity of microorganisms and enzymes contained in the fish meat so that processing and preservation need to be done to prevent the deterioration of quality and damage of fish. Smoking is a technique of preservation in the form of a combination of salting, heating and fumigation treatment so as to produce a durable product with a distinctive flavour. Research aimed to determine the quality of smoked skipjack during storage time at room temperature. This research was conducted through two stages: sample preparation and sample testing including pH, moisture content and total plate count as well as confirmation of molds for smoked skipjack stored at room temperature on day 0 to day 4. The results showed that storage time at room temperature significantly influenced the increase of pH value, moisture content and microbial growth of smoked skipjack as shown by regression equation of pH value y = 0.300x + 6.057 with R² = 0.656 and r = 0.810; moisture content y = 3.627x + 39.693, with R² = 0.502 and r = 0.708 and total plate count y = 1.972 + 1.283x with R² = 0.951 and r = 0.975.

When utilizing TEG (thermoelectric generator) module, it is important to know the performance of the TEG under focal length of a concentrating lens from energy radiation sources. To do this, incandescent lamp is used an artificial lights experimentally. Then, a design prototype of the TEG's testing using Fresnel lens as optical radiation concentration prior to heat the TEG will be applied during the test. The test was conducted under laboratory scale using three power differences, 40, 75 and 100 Watt. White painted acrylic sheet is used as an envelope wall of the prototype to optimize walls heat radiation inside the design. Finally, The remo spectrometer has been using to measure the wavelength of each power. The result shows that the higher powers of the lamp, the bigger ranges are the spectrum of incandescent light with exception of 75 watt power. It could be more varieties spectrums of the higher power lights.

The synthesis of biocomposites from rice husk (RH) fiber and magnetic nanoparticle was made by solvothermal reaction. Rice husk dried was blended to small size (60 mesh), then through delignification process to eliminate lignin by 1% w/v NaOH solution. Delignified rice husk was put into hydrothermal reactor, afterward was carried out by one-pot solvothermal at 200 °C for 6 h in the presence of 1,6-hexanediamine, FeCl₃.6H₂O and ethylene glycol. The process was produced two types of biocomposites, without amino group (RHB-M) and with amino group (RHB-MH). The characterization results shown by FE-SEM, magnetic nanoparticle have been formed on the surface of RH fiber with diameter size around 30–50 nm could be obtained. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed treatment of ED delignification was increased crystalinity index (CrI) about 16.77% and reduced silica content about 78%. The iron content may affect the adsorbent by enhanching the high-adsorption of sorbent capacity for reactivity toward a wide range of organic pollutan.

In this study, silica thin film pH=6 (precursor TEOS:tetraethyl ortosilicate) developed from sol gel process and deposited (2 layers) directly onto alumina substrate(tubular support with 100 nm pore size) without depositing interlayer (interlayer-free).Then, the desalination process via pervaporation was applied to test the membranesperformanceusing artificial saline water and wetland saline water. Results show the decrease of water flux (1.9 to 1.43 kg m^-2 h^-1) and salt rejection(97 to 95%) when using artificial salty water (0-7.5 wt%) and the long-term stability of silica membrane was stable at 1.7 kg m^-2 h^-1 for over 100 hours when using wetland saline water as a feed.

Salt water intrusion into the river around wetland areas is affected by the increasing of sea water level. This work aims to fabricate silica P123 membranes applied for desalination of wetland saline water. This type of membranes is produced by combining silica material (TEOS) with P123 as organic polymer. The calcination method was varied from 350°C and 600°C for an hour using RTP method. The desalination via pervaporation process was applied in order to investigate water flux and salt rejection. The results show that membranes calcined at low temperatures obtain good performance compare to high temperature (4.105 and 3.904 kg.m^-2.h^-1 for water flux and 96.22 and 65.67% for salt rejection obtained from membranes calcined at 350 and 600°C, respectively).

Citric acid is an organic acid catalyst and content carbon that is templated into silica network. The mixture between these materials is gratefully useful to tailor pore size of silica-carbon mixtures in the form of silica-carbon sols which robust and good hydrostability properties. This fabricated materials is applied for coated membrane layers (thin film) coated onto membrane substrates for water desalination. This study was aimed to utilize sol gel process to synthesize the functionalization of organic catalyst in silica matrices. Silica xerogels was prepared from TEOS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate) with a two-step organic acid and base catalyst via sol gel method. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions were applied within 3 hours at 50 °C. IR spectra shows that.

Water is a very important resource for life on earth. Nowadays, water scarcity is a big issue around the world. Especially people who live in wetland areas, river is an important water source for their daily life. Unfortunately, the water becomes salty due to seawater intrusion into the river. The objective of this work is to apply desalination via pervaporation process of wetland saline water using pure silica membranes employ TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) as a precursor. A two-step acid-base catalysed method has been applied to produce silica sols. The pure silica membranes were calcined under RTP (Rapid Thermal Process) method at 600°C for 1 hour. The various temperatures (20, 40 & 60 °C have been set in pervaporation set up in order to investigate the performance of silica membranes. It was found that at high temperature, silica membranes start to densify and give the lowest rejection compare to lower temperatures (84.9 %). In contrary, there was 100% of water flux increases when the feed temperature increases (from 0.61 to 1.19 kg m^-2 h^-1)

Biodiesel production generates crude glycerol with low purity as a byproduct. It must be purified to increase the economic value of glycerol. Purification can be performed using adsorbent from tea waste. This study aimed to examine the optimum condition of adsorption process, characterize the biosorbent from tea waste and determine the quality of purified glycerol. Crude glycerol was produced by transesterification reaction of used cooking oil with methanol using KOH as a catalyst. The reaction temperature was 60°C which was maintained for 60 minutes.Crude glycerol was separated from biodiesel and added with H₃PO₄ 85% untilthe pH reached ±2.5. Glycerol level after acidification was 77%. After that, adsorption was performed using tea waste which was previously activated by 0.05 M NaOH. Adsorption process was conducted by varying contact time (30, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes), adsorption temperature (30, 45, 60 and 75°C), biosorbent concentration (6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 %) andbiosorbent particle size (180, 250 and 630 μm). The highest glycerol level (95.9544%) was achieved by setting the contact time for 90 minutes, adsorption temperature at 60°C, biosorbent concentrationat 12% andparticle sizeat 180 μm. The glycerol obtained from this process meets the quality requirements set bySNI06-1564-1995with water content3%,ash content0.3% andMONG level 0.7%. In addition, the purifiedglycerol had density 1.26 g/mL, potassium metal content 107 ppm andhad no sugar.There were alterations in functional group and surface morphology of tea waste after the adsorption took place.

Nowadays, malls and other public places in the city are facing problem in providing proper and huge parking area for their visitors' vehicles. Also, the lack of human resource for the parkers makes the visitors difficult to find the available space to park their cars due to the less information they get during finding the parking space. Moreover, those who are seeking the parking space have to drive around the parking area for more than once, which is wasting their time a lot. Therefore, the malls and other public places need the best solution to this problem. The online parking information system is really needed to make the parking system better. This system uses a network sensor consisting of HC-SR04 ultrasonic module to detect the parking slot availability, HC-SR04 which is accessed by Arduino Nano, and the data that is sent to the server uses esp8266 wifi module. Further, the server processes the data and display the information on webpage application as well as desktop applications in the form of the parking area map. This system will show the available space that can be accessed on website and PC with a few second delays and simple wiring system.

Polystyrene, especially polystyrene foam product, has been widely utilized in daily life that lead to generate polystyrene foam waste in the environment. The waste is very hard to degrade in the nature. The aims of this study are to investigate pyrolysis for polystyrene foam waste that can produce liquid products for fuel. The study comprises characterization of polystyrene foam and pyrolysis process with and without catalyst (zeolite and nickel/silica). The decomposition of polystyrene foam occurred at a temperature of 360-460 °C. Pyrolysis was carried out at the range of 360-460 °C based on the decomposition temperature. The yield of the liquid product increases with increasing temperature. Catalyst has boosted the increase of yield. The nickel/silica shows better performance than zeolite on boosting the yield of liquid product. The liquid product contains many aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, styrene and others

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that recently widely used to substitute fossil fuels. Biodiesel production from vegetable oil produces glycerol as by-product which is a very promising low-cost feedstock for producing a wide variety of special and fine chemicals. One of the potential glycerol derivatives is triacetin, a promising alternative chemical to be fuel additive. In this work, triacetin was synthesized using reactive distillation with recycle stream from bottom product to increase the conversion of monoacetin became diacetin and diacetin became triacetin. The effects of using catalyst and recycle stream are evaluated. The experiments showed recycle stream made contact between reactant were better. So the selectivity and the yield increased. The optimum recycle rate is 65.5 mL/men and the results are 98.38% of glycerol conversion and 9.00% of triacetin yield.

Soil contaminated with naphthalene by the activities of exploration, production and disposal of petroleum waste into the environment causes serious damage to ecosystems environment. This is the target of processing by the bacteria as a model for remediation of soil contaminated with naphthalene. Thus, the study was focused on naphthalene biodegradation in soil contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons with measurement parameters: the bacterial growth and dissolved oxygen. The research was conducted in a slurry bioreactor with soil to water ratio of 20:80 (%wt) with the addition of a consortia of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida bacteria with a concentration of 10% (v/v) and 15% (v/v). The slurry bioreactor was aerated, stirred with stirring of 100 rpm and temperature range of 26°C – 35°C. Naphthalene residue in petroleum hydrocarbons were measured using GC-MS. The result of identification with naphthalene initial concentration of 115.646 ng/uL, after 49 days of incubation for bacterial consortium 10% (v/v) with a bacteria ratio 3:2; 1:1; 2:3; and control showed the reduction to 33.77 ng/uL; 0.77 ng/uL; 10.28 ng/uL and 23.88 ng/uL, respectively with biodegradation percentages of 70.80%; 99.33%; 91.11%; and 79.35%. As for the bacterial consortium 15% (v/v) with the same ratio and control, the naphthalene concentration was reduced to 0.31 ng/uL; 0.19 ng/uL; 5.12 ng/uL and 23.88 ng/uL, respectively and biodegradation percentages of 99.73%; 99.84%; 95.57%; and 79.35%. This finding shows that percentage of crude low degraded considering the concentration crude oil increased.

This research was conducted to find out the students' commitment and assessment of the types of Hijab they wear and to know the probability of the change of Hijab styles among the female students. The data used were the primary data collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 98 female students at Indonesian Muslim University. The data were obtained through the analysis done by using Markov chain method. Based on the result of the Markov Chain analysis method, most of the Hijab users were the users of square type Hijab that was 46.9% from the total. The result was followed by the phasminah Hijab and syar'i Hijab users which were as many as 27.55% and 16.34%, respectively. The least percentage was come from the users of direct type hijab as many as 9.17%. The conclusion of this research was that the number of hijab users at the campus was increasing as the support of Sharia-compliant Campus at Indonesian Muslim University.

Recognizing the importance of the marketing mix that consists of product variables, price, promotion and distribution of purchasing decisions. Companies must be able to meet the needs, desires and tastes of consumers. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of marketing mix on the decision to buy toyota Kijang innova car at PT. Hadji Kalla Sidrap Branch. The method of determining the sample is done by purposive sampling method with the number of respondents as much as 150 respondents. Testing the research hypothesis by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The results showed that the distribution variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions, with a probability of 0.18. while product, price and promotion variables have little significant effect on purchasing decision of Toyota Kijang Innova.

The halal certification system becomes a necessity that is expected to protect consumers from health, nutrition, safety and halal aspects. The problem of this research is not the maximum of educational actions yet in slaughtering House (RPA). In this study used simulation analysis of System Ddynamicss. The results showed that the needs of Broilers in Makassar City about 45,000 heads per day, while Halal slaughter man (Juleha) ranged 60 people who are supplied from about 20 RPA. So only about 9,000 per day (20%) that can be produced from halal slaughter man. Broiler products that circulate in Makassar for 36,000 heads per day (80%) comes from the slaughter who has not guaranteed halal. Conclusions that growth of broilers consumption potentially continues to increase is supported by the availability of halal broilers. RPA sertified tends to increase significantly, which will strengthen consumer awareness of halal broiler products, also have implications on awareness of RPA Owner. Government can determine the right form of policy by making RPA mapping and create a monitoring system for potential management of halal which will produce quality and quantity of chicken carcass is the main consideration for the producers, the handling of livestock before, during and after cutting plays a major role in the supply of carcass and meat of ASUH (safe, healthy, whole, halal).

Acid catalyzed In situ transestrification under microwave irradiation is one of method for producing biodiesel from microalgae which is an alternative to replace fossil fuel energy. The present study investigated the the effect of microwave irradiation on the acid catalyzed in situ transesterification of Chlorella vulgaris into fatty acid methyl ester. In situ transesterification carried out using sulfuric acid catalyst with different variables such as catalyst concentration, reaction time, biomass to methanol (wt/vol) ratio and microwave power. Based on the experiment results, the optimal yield was 31,56% with reaction time was 70 minutes. From GC-MS analysis obtained that Chlorella vulgaris methyl ester profile is a medium chain fatty acid, MCFA which consist of Saturated Fatty Acid (SAFAs), Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFAs) and Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFAs).

This study has purpose to analysis the characteristic of Mallawa coal Formation, reconstruct facies deposit, and determine the rank of Mallawa coal Formation based on maseral content and reflectance of vitrinite.The data were collected from the field survey and were analysed by means of proximate measure and petrography analysis in the laboratory. The proximate analysis reveals that Doi-Doi and Massenrengpulu coals have higher calorie values (4900.47 kal/gram-6700.75kal/gram) but also possessing higher sulfur content (0.9%-4.63%). The petrography analysis of both areas indicates uniform contents of maceral consisting of vitrinite (57.4%-83.2%), inertinite (2.8%-17.8%), and liptinite (0.8%-3.0%). In addition, there are also other minerals such us pyrite (3.8%-15.4%) and clay (3.8%-18.4%). Reflectance value of Doi-Doi coal vitrinite is 0.31%-0.44% (peat sub bituminous C), and reflectance value of Massenrengpulu coal vitrinite is 0.38%-0.56% (lignite sub-bituminous B). Plotting result of TPI and GI values at Diessel diagram along with GWI and VI at Calder diagram indicates that coals of Doi-Doi and Massenrengpulu were deposited at back barrier in area condition of limnic-marsh. Environment facies of the coals in both areas were expansion from peat swamp with low moor in eutrophy condition to high moor in mesotrophy-oligotrophy condition when the top of coal seam was formed.

Corn cobs are the main waste of corn farming. Corncobs biomass waste chemically contains carbon and hydrogen which can be pyrolised to produce liquid smoke for food preservation. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of pyrolysis time and temperature as well as the particle size of corncobs to the yield of pyrolysis products. The discussion is limited to liquid smoke products. The experiments were performed by pyrolysing sun-dried corncobs at a certain weight and particle size in a slow heating rate pyrolysis equipment at a targeted residence time and temperature. The results of this study showed that the optimum yield of the liquid smoke was 48% and achieved at an optimum time, temperature and particle size of corncobs of 2.5 hours, 400 oC and 1 inch, respectively. The effect of pyrolysis time (t) on the yield of liquid smoke (Y) from corn cobs in this study could be represented quite well by an empirical equation of Y (%) = 33.57 + 0.024t + 9.10-04.t² – 4.10-06t³. The empirical equation of the effect of pyrolysis temperature (T) on liquid smoke yield (Y) could be quite well represented by the equation Y (%) = 21.19 + 0.071T + 6.10-05T² – 2.10-07T³. The characteristics of the liquid smoke produced from this study have a density of 1.05 g / mL, pH of 1.9, brown-red color, and corn-smoke like smell.

The waste processing technique in the landfill of Antang, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, uses the Open Dumping system that potentially pollute the surrounding soil. The contamination of heavy metals in the soils is the center of attention from an ecological point of view. Research has been done on the distribution of heavy metal Cu on the soil around Antang landfill. This study aims to analyze the heavy metals potential distribution to the soil around Antang TPA. The sample point was divided into 4 Lines, 2 Lines are in the direction of the groundwater flow (Line A and Line C) while the other 2 Lines are perpendicular to the groundwater flow (Line B and Line D). At the point of 0 m with a depth of 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm and 20 to 30 cm. The total soil samples whose heavy metal elements analyzed by using ICP-OES method are twelve samples. The heavy metal Cu on Antang Landfill soil has spread over the soil surface (Top Soil) vertically. The results show that the soil around Antang Landfill is contaminated with the heavy metal elements that exceed the value of Indonesian Intervention as a soil contaminant. The Cu metal concentrations for Line D at the depth of 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm are105 ppm and 103 ppm which were already above the average. Meanwhile, for Line A, Line B and Line C are still below the average allowed by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the General Control of Drugs and Food as a soil contaminant. The pH soil varies from 4.82 to 6 (acidic). Therefore, it requires proper remediation or preventive measures to prevent the risks on the humans and the environment.

Microalgae contains approximately 24 % of starch which is potential for bioethanol feedstock by enzymatic hydrolysis. The problem is that starch in microalgae is accumulated with protein and lipid, while the interaction of starch-protein and starch-lipid might inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. Native starch, isolate protein and palmitic acid are used to investigate the interaction effects of starch-protein and starch-lipid in microalgae. This study aimed to investigate effects of protein and lipid concentration (1:0, 1:0.05, 1:0.1, 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1) (w/w) added into native starch hydrolysis by amyloglucosidase enzyme were incubated at 45°C for 3 hours. The product of hydrolyzed was determined as glucose with spectrophotometer UV-Vis at 540 nm. The result shows that the increasing of protein and lipid concentration added into starch granule will significantly (P<0.05) decrease concentration of glucose product. The kinetic parameters are evaluated by Michaelis-Menten models for uncompetitive inhibition.

Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environmentally friendly fuel made from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction with methanol. During this time the manufacture of biodiesel takes a long time which can be overcome with ultrasonic heating. The use of sound waves can decrease the reaction time and the number of catalysts. The purpose of this study was to study ultrasonic utilization as a heater in transesterification reaction of kapok seed oil with the addition NaOH catalyst concetration of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% (w/w) with 50 Hz of frequensi ultarsonic and reaction times were of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min. The reaction conversion of kapok seed oil with NaOH catalyst at 0.5% (w/w) concentration, reaction time 15 minutes was 73.56% at each 1: 9 molar ratio. The results of the analysis of several parameters on biodiesel products show that they have met the specification based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006).

Virgin Coconut Oil Emulsion (VCOE ) is one of alternative products which is produced to reduce oily taste when consumed directly. In this research, effects of sucrose and citric acid on VCOE were investigated. The emulsions were prepared with ratio of VCO to water (80:20), using mixed emulsifiers of Tween 80 and Span 80 (T80S80) at a concentration of 0.75%. Physical and chemical characteristics as well as a stability of the emulsions were evaluated. It was found that the emulsion viscosity increased with the increase in the sucrose amount. On the other hand, the viscosity and pH of emulsions decreased with the increased in the citric acid amount. In general, both sucrose and citric acid are suitable to be used as additives in emulsions of food products.

Biodiesel is an alternative energy fuel a substitute for diesel oil produced from vegetable oil or animal fat which has the advantage of being easy to use, because they are biodegradable, not toxic and sulfur free. This research aims to do a process of producing biodiesel using base catalysts (NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃) for a transesterification process with the variation of catalyst concentration (1%; 2%; 3%; 4% and 5%) and the time (60; 120; 180; 240 and 300). The production of biodiesel from coconut oil is making by the ratio of oil mass: ethanol = 1:2. Research of methodology started with the analysis of the material, the process of making the NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts and transesterifications for biodiesel production. The product was analyzed by viscosity, density, and GC-MC to identify the fatty acid methyl esters composting the biodiesel. In conclusion, the best conversion of biodiesel from coconut oil using NaOH catalyst is 3% concentration with a 180 minutes reaction time.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) beverages are value added products of VCO which produced by emulsifying non polar VCO in a polar solvent by adding emulsifier. In this research, stability of VCO in water emulsion beverage at various volume percentages of VCO to water using soy lecithin as natural emulsifier was studied. The beverage emulsions were prepared by homogenizing VCO in water at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, respectively. The soy lecithin was added to the solutions at 1% (v/v). The stability of VCO beverage emulsions was evaluated from its viscosity, pH, and volume of formed-cream of both fresh and after-cycle-emulsions. It was found from the research that in terms of viscosity and pH, the beverage emulsion at 20% of VCO was the most stable. Further research is needed to avoid the cream formation which tends to destabilize the VCO beverage emulsion.

Although it is not able to provide highly accurate results, mathematical models can provide guidance regarding the quantitative influence of design, raw material, and other operating parameters. In addition, the representation of gasification in the form of mathematical equations can help understand the importance of the influence of operating parameters on the performance of a gasifier and can give a good understanding of the mechanisms that occur. In this paper, the steam gasification of char from Pattukku coal using CaO as CO₂ absorbent in updraft gasifier was investigated. The aim is to determine the influence of temperature on syngas composition. A mathematical model based on the stoichiometric approach was developed in this study and the results were compared with experimental data. A mixture of coal and lime (CaO) with a ratio of 1:1.5 is fed into the reactor. The electric heater (furnice) is turned on to raise the temperature of the reactor until it reaches the desired reaction temperature ( i.e. 600, 700, and 800 °C). When the reaction temperature is reached, steam was flowed from the bottom of the reactor to be reacted with the char present in the reactor. The steam gasification carried out at a fixed temperature for 60 minutes and every 15 minutes, samples were taken for analysis. Base on the result of the experimental and calculation showed if the temperature of gasifier increase by 100 °C, the volume of gas will increase by approximately 1.7 time. The calculation showed that the proposed model could quantitatively be applied to predict the gas composition of steam gasification of char.

Chitosan, the de-acetylated chitin derivative, was evaluated for its ability to be used as a coagulant for Martapura groundwater treatment. This study is used chitosan derived from original fish scales of Kalimantan called Papuyu (Anabas testudineus) for the treatment of iron ion-containing Martapura groundwater throught coagulation-flocculation method. The reduction efficiency of iron ion removed by coagulation-flocculation processes using chitosan from Papuyu fish scales is the main evaluating parameter. The obtained chitosan have been characterized and analyzed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using of the chitosan from Papuyu fish scales as coagulant at neutral pH and room temperature led to decreasing the groundwater iron concentration become 3.43 mg/L (around 71% removal). The result was then compare to the coagulation-flocculation treatment using the commercial chitosan from shrimps shell (93% deacetylated). Moreover, its found the coagulation-flocculation treatment using the chitosan from fish scales as coagulant more favor than the commercial one.

This research specifically identifies and sets priority Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of customer perspectives on the SME cocoa processing industry in South Sulawesi. This series of research activities include literature study, field survey, interviews, and questionnaires spread on expert responded. The method used is statistical methods and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the priority ranking of KPIs in the financial perspective. The result of this research is the determination of 6 formulas and rank of KPIs. KPIs which become the performance indicator on 3 main priority sequences are the increase of profit (KPIF2) with the weight of 0.326 in the rank 1, the percentage of income increase (KPIF1) with the weight of 0.228 in the rank 2 position and the Return of Investments (KPIF3) at position 3 by weight 0.153. The priority scale of KPIs is the basis for assessing the performance of the financial aspects of the SME processing industry on the scale of SMEs.

Energy crisis is what being faced by every country today. Many efforts have been devoted to overcome the problems. One of several offered solutions is to develop solar cells since solar energy is abundant and free to use. Especially in a tropical country like Indonesia, solar energy is available a whole year with quite high power 450 mWcm^-2. Several types of solar cells, silicon-based solar cell has high efficiency yet has high price. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are a new breakthrough in solar cells with the cheaper cost than conventional solar cells. The natural ingredients could be utilized as dyes for DSSC. In this research, buni fruit extract was employed as the dye for TiO₂-based DSSC. Factor levels for this research are determined by Taguchi Method. The highest voltage average of dye sensitized solar cell is 0,5 volt with the levels of influencing factor are 5: 1 for ratio of TiO2: ethyl cellulose, 5: 1 for buni extract ratio: ethanol, 1,5 g for Carbon amount, and 0,3 ml for amount of electrolyte solution. The simple calculation of the price is Rp 2.371 per 5 × 5 cm a piece of dye sensitized solar cell.

Bio-briquettes are solid fuel made from a mixture of coal with biomassai, solid fuel is an alternative fuel replacement for kerosene and gas are the cheapest. Biomass (coconut shells, sawdust and bark durian) chemically has a high carbon content and flammability. Biobriket made from a mixture of coal - biomass using taro flour as an adhesive and a solution of 50% alcohol as an additive can be used as an alternative fuel economic value. Based on the analysis Proximate and Ultimate, this research data obtained karakterik bio-briquettes with three variations of a mixture of a mixture of coal-coconut shell charcoal, coal-charcoal sawdust and coal-charcoal leather durian, of the three variations campurana which gives the best results is a mixture of coal-coconut shell charcoal at a ratio of 1: 4 with characteristics, Ash = 2,51%, Moisture = 4.83%, Volatile matter = 28.81%, Sulfur = 0.5445%, and calorific value = 6494 kcal / kg, maing gas emissions in all SO2 = 103 ppm NOx = 3 ppm

Under the administration of President Joko Widodo, one of the government's priorities in the economic sector is to improve the ranking of the ease-of-doing business index, with the overall aim is to increase foreign investment. This index is a method established by the World Bank to measure the level of easiness of investment in a country. The measurements are conducted by a method consisting of 10 main indicators including two indicators directly related to the judicial process: enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. On overall measurement, Indonesia currently ranks 91 (from the target of ranking 40) and ranks 166 regarding the enforcing contract indicator. This indicates and gives an impression that the process of enforcing contracts through the courts in Indonesia is still ineffective and inefficient. Consequently, it may contribute to reduced investment, slow growth, and difficult business environment. Through legal normative research, this paper will discuss the problems faced in the process of contract enforcement in the Indonesian courts in the context and scope of the ease-of-doing business index. This paper will also discuss initiatives taken by the Supreme Court to overcome the problems.

Cashew nut shell is a waste from cashew nut industry. It contains liquid known as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) which has similar molecule structure with synthetic phenol Phenol is a material for phenolic resin in preparation of varnish. The aims of this research are to determine the optimum temperature of pyrolysis for producing phenol liquid smoke and knowing the chemical composition of liquid smoke. This research used pyrolysis method at various pyrolysis temperatures were 200, 300, 400 and 500°C, respectively. The gas from the pyrolysis process was then condensed by the condenser until liquid was obtained. The liquid was deposited for 1 week in a separating funnel and then separated to obtain liquid smoke and residue. The volatile compounds of liquid smoke from a cashew nut shell were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the optimum pyrolysis temperature was at 400°C with a yield of 53.4% liquid smoke and the chemical composition of liquid smoke percentage: phenol (36,6%), carbonyl (7,1%), acid (18.8%) respectively. Phenol from liquid smoke resulted by the pyrolysis of cashew nut shells is an alternative material potential for substituting or replacing synthetic phenol from petroleum derivates.

Cashew nut shells is a waste in the cashew nut processing industry. The cashew nut shell is processed into liquid smoke by pyrolysis method. This liquid smoke can be used as a substitute for synthetic phenol. Phenol is the raw material of phenolic resin in the manufacture of varnish. This research aimed at determining the varnish characteristic obtained from the optimum condition of cashew nut shells pyrolysis by studying the effect of the addition of 0%, 10% and 20% commercial varnish at pyrolysis temperatures of 200 and 300°C. The results were obtained at 300° on 0% commercial varnish addition with the density of 1.0024 gr / ml, 1 hour pseudo drying time and 2.45 hours of hard drying time. After the addition of (10-20)% commercial varnish, it was found that the addition of 20% commercial varnish was the best condition in which volatile matterl rate, density, touch dry time and hard dry time were of 45.51%, 1.05 (g / ml), 2.55 hours and 5.35 hours, respectively. All characteristics were meeting the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for varnish type A (for interior and exterior use). This research indicated that the liquid smoke produced from the pyrolysis of cashew nut shells was a potential alternative material to be used as compound or substitute phenol in varnish manufacture.

This research aimed at studying the effect of reaction time, temperature and the type of catalyst on oxirane number and determining reaction kinetics data. There were two types of catalysts used were bentonite and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The epoxidation reaction was done in-situ using hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and benzene with bentonite and H2SO4 into the RBD palm olein to form epoxidized RBD palm olein. The main equipment used in this research was a 500 mL three-necked flask, equipped with a reflux condeser, thermometer, water bath and magnetic stirrer. The product was analysed of % of oxirane using a titration method. The results of this research showd that bentonite catalysts was optimally working at the temperature of 70°C for 4 hours with an oxirane level of 1.02%, while H2SO4 was optimally working at the temperature of 60°C for 3 hours with oxirane level of 2.31%.

The application of the principle of absolute liability in the environmental system is not based on the definition of error of negligence or intentional misconduct (not based on fault liability) Problems and Risks are posed by various factors (multiple causes) is difficult and expensive to prove. As a ratifying State to the CLC 1969/1992, Indonesia Has implemented compulsory insurance either in legislations or in practice. The implementation in legeslation, particularly rules related to compensation and environmental. The application of the Absolute Liability Principle in the environmental system is not based on the evidentiary aspect of the error form factor of negligence or error of intent (not based on an error obligation) other than a legal approach focused on the consideration of the existing risk management as well as the underlying problems and or environmental risks posed by Various factors (multiple causes) are difficult and expensive to prove. Indonesia as a country that has ratified CLC 1969/1992 has applied provisions on insurance obligations. (Compulsory insurance) either into the provisions of legislation or in practice in the field. However, the application to the legislation still requires the claim of compensation for compensation and the cost of restoring the environment.

Human sociality can be understood as an organism. Almost all aspects of life can be understood in a phenomenological sense as part of a life system. An appropriate perspective for considering life and interpreting social reality is extremely important in determining direction and orientation for mankind. The aim of this paper is to describe a new methodological point of view discover the natureof social reality in the study culture in Indonesia. In taking a perspective from philosophy, this research endeavors to provide a new perspective in the study of local wisdom in Indonesia. This paper presents a philosophical view on approaching the study of local wisdom (kearifanlokal): first, human social systems are systems of self-reference; second, human sociality is actualized in social systems that are contingent. Local wisdom can be viewed as a social and communicative system that produces a kind of self-organization (autopoesis) within a culture.

The aims of this study are to analyze the implication of Tax Amnesty which influences the Investment Decisions and Return on Equity (ROE) on Stock Price and to give an information that Tax Amnesty influences the profitability of all companies and also the investor decision to buy stock in Index LQ45. Investment decisions are projected from PER (Price Earnings Ratio) and Profitability from ROE. Based on the data obtained, tax amnesty does affect the 3 variables studied. This is evident from the occurrence of changes in PER and ROE whereby when the imposition of tax amnesty PER and ROE has decreased almost in every company shares in the LQ45 index, in addition to the stock price has increased significantly. This makes it clear that political policy affects the state of the capital market.

The purposes of this research are to analyze the vertical integration strategy of CV. Putra Umban on its Productions and marketing of Nata de Coco and to analyze the law consequences on the vertical integration strategy of CV. Putra Umban on its production and marketing based on law number 5, 1999 in Pekanbaru.This research is of sociological law. Technique of data collecting used are observation, interview, and library research. The sources of data in were taken from primary and second any data.The results of this research showed that vertical integration strategy used by CV. Putra Umban, together with Sari Nata de Coco company and Sari Coco was top-down control. The agreement started from collecting the raw materials, processing, marketing to PT. Garuda Food placed at Pasir Putih, KM 8, Desa Baru, sub-district Siak Hulu, District Kampar. Law consequences to the vertical integration strategy of CV. Putra Umban on production and marketing the products of Nata de Coco was closure to the access for rival company to raise costs.Another law consequence was the emergence the coordinations that could lead to collusion. This was allegedly in contrast with law number 5 of 1999 against prohibition of vertical integration.

This research aims to explain how the conflicts of forced marriage in novel Katresnan. This research uses a theory which submitted in the book of Panuti Sudjiman entitle Memahami Cerita Rekaan 1988 it presents an analysis of interrelationships of the structural elements of the story including plot, character-placement as well as the setting for a theme. This romance themed novel tells abaout conflict between children and parents. These conflicts occur because the thoughts of parents and children are not aligned with.

This study aims to analyze the effect of firm size, profitability, ownership, size of board of commissioners, and auditor quality to the extent of corporate governance disclosure as measured by Corporate Governance Disclosure Index, using data consisting of 16 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this study is a public company listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a banking company as a sample. Period of observation conducted for four years from 2013-2015. This research uses purposive sampling method. Data analysis used in this research is classical assumption test and to test hypothesis using multiple regression analysis. Result : From the regression equation above, it is known that the constant of 0.574 states that if the independent variable consisting of Quality Audit, Firm Size to CG. Then the average CG Disclosure of 0.574. Audit Quality Variable has positive regression coefficient, Size has negative coefficient. This means that companies with high levels of Audit Quality do not affect CG disclosure. In addition, judging from the significance of the Quality Audit does not affect CG Disclosure. With the size of the company or high Size it will affect the disclosure of CG.

This study discusses the perceptions of accountants in considering the existence of fraud (fraud) in the financial reporting. Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) through Statement on Auditing Standards (PSA) No. 70 require an external accountant in Indonesia to consider fraud during the process of auditing the financial statements. For this purpose, IAI adopted a Statement on Auditing Standard 99 (SAS 99). This study aims to (1) test if indications of fraud SAS 99 which refers to the concept of fraud triangle can be used for the detection of fraudulent financial reporting in Indonesia, (2) to test whether demographic factors such as: experience, credentials, educational background, gender, and training experience affect perceptions of accountants difference in using indications of fraud to detect fraudulent financial reporting. The population in this study was all external accountants who work in public accounting firms, internal accountants who work in the enterprise, government accountants who work in the Audit Board and accounting educators at several universities steeper in Pekanbaru. The sampling technique is using a convenience sampling. Researchers used a questionnaire as an instrument to collect data. To achieve the objectives of the study, to examine how perceptions of accountants on tendency detection of indications of fraud in financial reporting, this research then used a questionnaire which refers to the SAS 99 by referring to the concept of fraud triangle analysis. The result showed that components of Fraud Triangle analysis, Pressure and Opportunity variable have an effect on Redflag, while Rationalization variable has no effect on Redflag.

The collection of crita cerkak Ratu (KCCR) is a surrealistic-pasemon story, which illustrates fantasy and reality into one-on-one. This short story was written between 1991-1994. So, do not be surprised if the story built by the author will be full of political satire. This research provides an overview of the political satire of the New Order government through the analysis of two short stories in the KCCR that title Rampog and Wong Iku, as well as linking them with social portraits, especially the political aspects of the New Order era. In analyzing the structural elements of the researcher using an objective approach. The methodology used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The first step taken in this research, which is collecting data in the form of short stories. The data are analyzed by first providing evidence of facts through textual data. To find out the social portrait in the KCCR short story, a structural analysis is done that includes character-placement, plot, background, theme and moral analysis.

In the system of Civil Law, including Indonesia's system of law, contract and tort law are regulated in one generic agreement. Regulation in one generic agreement lead to an overlapped the understanding between breach and tort law. Overlapping understanding of breach and tort law occured both on academic discourse and judicial practice. Focus issues: First, differences between breach and tort law. Second, benchmarks should have been established by courts to determine the boundary between breaches and acts against of law in contract. The type of research is normative law research. By using this type of research, conclusions could be drawn are: First, as conseptual juridicial "house" of breach is not performing the contractual obligations, while "house" of tort law is not performing the non-contractual obligations. Second, on the searching of the cases, found the facts that court through its decisions did not have deeper and comprehensive understanding on the meaning of breach and tort law. Courts could not determine the benchmarks to determine the boundary of breach and tort law. Recommendation, First, should be an affirmation of the boundaries between breach and tort law, by returning each of breach and tort law institutionsto their "house". Second, the needs of guidance for judges to determine the boundary between breach and tort law trough leaflets and Supreme Courts Training.

For the sake of promoting and inviting tourist to tourist resort, there are some factors that should be considered as value added. One of them is specific foods as part of local culture characteristic. A promotional activity is an important role to introduce and cultivate the interest of tourists in a souvenir typical regional food. The aims of the study were to analyze level of promotion mix consists of advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling, and public relations, and to find out the level of consumer buying interest, and finally investigated influence of promotional mix on consumer purchase intention of the tourists. The samples in this study were 100 tourists. The method used was combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The data was purposively taken using quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis, is, descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and hypothesis testing by t-test and F-test. Qualitative analysis was performed with the interpretation of the data obtained in the study and the results of data processing that had been carried out by providing information and explanations. The results showed that advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing, and public relations have positive impact on tourist buying interest in Riau specific food souvenirs. Personal selling and public relation were found to be significant factor impact on buying interest in Riau specific food souvenir.

The purposes of the study were to analyze influence of the store atmosphere on consumers positive emotions and impulse in buying at Giant Hypermarket Pekanbaru, and finally to analyze effect of store atmosphere on impulse buying by consumers positive emotion as an intervening variable. The sample in this study were 100 consumers who shopped at Giant Hypermarket in last 3 months, with the method of incidental sampling and then do an analysis of the data obtained using the analysis of quantitative data includes : validity and reliability test, regression analysis linear, hypothesis testing via t test, and analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2). The result of the research found that store atmosphere has positive but not significant effect to impulse buying, store atmosphere has positive and significant effect to consumer's positive emotion, positive consumer emotion have positive and significant effect on impulse buying, and positive emotion able to mediate influence of store atmosphere on impulse buying at Giant Hypermarket.

In teaching grammar in this era especially in error recognition, the learners should know and choose the error option. In this research, the researcher took the error recognition in answering the subject verb agreement and parallel structure since these two parts of error recogniton are important parts in grammar. This study aims at evaluating error recognition of Efl learners in subject-verb agreement and parallel structure. This research used quantitative method explained descriptively. since the population was 18 learners, so the sample used in this research was 18 learners. In collecting data, the questions were 30 questions divided into two categories—subject verb agreement and parallel structure. Then, the learners were asked to answer error recognition about subject-verb agreement and parallel structure, counted the score of the correct number and wrong number, and classified the answer based from the form of the question. The result showed that from all questions, the learners' ability in answering error recognition falls into good level. Findings of the research are divided into two things. First, the error recognition in subject-verb agreement is very difficult to answer by the learners since the learners could not differentiate the subject whether it is singular or plural. While second, the error recognition in parallel structure, especially in paired conjunction, it is easy to understand for the learners since the format of paired conjunction and the word used should be parallel. However, in the comparison, it is hard for the learners to choose the parallel structure of comparison.

This article analyzes the practice of inheritance carried out by the community in Bantan District of Bengkalis Regency Based on Islamic Law. The practice is based on their understanding of the very limited law of inheritance of Islam, resulting in misunderstandings that result in errors in inheritance practices. The approach and method is the sociological law study that collects the data by interviewing the responden. Data were analyzed by qualitative and inductive method. The results of the analysis in this article show that 1) people in Kecamatan Bantan was wrong in understanding the principle of balanced justice which is considered to be contrary to the sense of justice for the heirs. They understand the principle of balanced justice should be in the same sense. Yet the meaning of the principle is that each heir of both men and women have equal rights in the acquisition of inheritance rights. Men get more rights not mean unfair, but in Islamic law determines that men are responsible for family burden. 2) Communities in Bantan District in understanding radd in Islamic law do not fully refer to Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) which become the reference in the determination of law. They divide radd only on the basis of customs that can be distributed to desirous heirs or mosques. 3) Communities in Bantan District consider that the heirs who died prior to the heirs can not be replaced by the heirs' children. Whereas based on Article 185 paragraph (1) KHI the heir position can be replaced by the offspring both men and women.

This is study was focused on the implementation of norms and rules on utilization of zakat. The research method used field research that addresses the legal validity of the public on the implementation of norms and rules on utilization of zakat in Baznas Pekanbaru City. The result of this study as follows: 1) Implements norms and rules of zakat in zakat management in Pekanbaru City Baznas: Determination of zakat priority scale in distribution in Pekanbaru City has been fully objective. Baznas Kota Pekanbaru uses top down model pattern. The more objective is the down top model because the zakat mustahic data is obtained from field data. Baznas Pekanbaru City to utilize zakat based on the command at-Taubah Paragraph (60) with the priority scale set Baznas, Article 27 paragraph (10) and paragraph (2) Law of 23 Year 2011 on Zakat Management, and Article 33 Ministerial Regulation Religion of the Republic of Indonesia Number 52 Year 2014.

This working paper intends to investigate the lineage of Dato Godam from Ujung Tanjung, Sungai Kedayan, Kiarong and others villages in Brunei Darussalam. That is, the genealogy of Dato Godam from MenteriPutih to Menteri Omar, Pehin Orang Kaya Di GadongAwangAliwaddin and so on. Then MenteriUban in Sarawak as the pioneer of search for the kinsman and beneficiaries of Dato Gadom in Pagaruyung and in Malaysia.

Knowledge of financial analysis, especially for business activity is very necessary, because by having the knowledge of the SMEs, someone will be able to record his/her business finance and can distinguish business finance, business capital, and personal finance. This is what happens in the SMEs who are members of the cooperation (Kop-Uber) Talangagung Malang. The perpetrators of these SMEs generally do not have the knowledge and ability to book and analyze their business. So they have difficulty to fulfill their obligations and have less participation in cooperation activities. Based on this, this research aims: to know the participation of members of Uber Cooperation, the influence of bookkeeping system on member participation and bookkeeping system required by Uber cooperation members. The method used is descriptive qualitative, by using in-depth interview to cooperation member. The results show that members of the cooperation are active in activities that are non-financial, but less active in activities that are financial. Inactive in the financial sector is caused by a lack of understanding of the need to record business activities.

The fact that so many Indonesians live abroad is not the only reason why so many Indonesians facing problems overseas, but the irregular migration process is often the more common trigger for increasing the number of Indonesians facing overseas problems such as human trafficking and people smuggling. Human trafficking has developed in such a way that its scope and seriousness have now become an international, a regional and a national focus in fighting human trafficking. The majority of Indonesian migrant workers face the conditions of forced labor and slavery in more advanced and Middle Eastern Asian countries especially Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria and Iraq. The strengthening of patriarchal ideology in society and state adversely affects this condition because this ideology sees (1) the positions of children and women as objects and not the subjects of patriarchy, so that they gain a second or subordinate position in which children and women have no bargaining position against the wishes of their parents; (2) women's low level of education has caused them to be the objects of violence, which is a tool for men to show their power and a tool for forcing early marriage and; (3) the strengthening of globalization and neoliberalism.

A company that carried out its business activities in the field and/or related to natural resources is obliged to carry out its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research was conducted at PT Riau Crumb Rubber Factory which is located in Sri Meranti Village. Raw rubber production activities into semi-finished rubbers that have been routinely generating pollution for the environment and society, such as air pollution and water pollution. The problem is how the implementation of CSR PT Riau Crumb Rubber Factory to the community of Sri Meranti Village in Pekanbaru City? What are the obstacles and the legal effort based on Riau Province Regional Regulation Number 6 Year 2012? This research is a sociological law research. Source of data used in this research is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interview, and literature study. Data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative analysis.The result of this research is PT Riau Crumb Rubber Factory has implemented CSR, but it has not fulfilled the expectation the community of Sri Meranti Village because it is not comparable with the pollution and environmental damage caused by the company's operational activities. The obstacle from the company side is the limited budget of CSR funds owned by PT Riau Crumb Rubber Factory to be able to meet all the needs of the community, while from the community side is the lack of legal knowledge of the community of Sri Meranti Village about CSR. The legal effort is that if PT Riau Crumb Rubber Factory does not implement CSR, the community of Sri Meranti Village can convey their aspirations to the DPRD of Riau Province for the company to be recommended to get administrative sanction from the government, such as the suspension of operational license of the company.

Studying the social behaviors in web-forums helped to understand how users behaved online, and why they remain committed to online interactions when there is little or no marked individual gain. The present study argues that online Guanxi that is made-up of discourse features of trust, social presence and face-saving acts played important roles in building online Guanxi in web-forums. Cumulatively these three aspects of online bonding together were termed as online Guanxi. However, this paper will discuss only one of the discourse features which is trust. Broadly speaking, Guanxi aided the web-forum interaction by getting forum members to indulge in return–action in a broader context of exchange, where an initial information seeking act necessitated responding messages. Guanxi was sought in web-forums not to profit or benefit, as in a contract or economic exchange, but rather Guanxi became the foreground that necessitated interactivity when forum members recognized the other forum members' need to share information.

This research is aimed to describe the behavior of consumers against the products of Islamic banking in Pekanbaru, and based on the data gathered, it was not in an optimal achievement. The products of Syariah banking are, among others but in this research only Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Murabaha, Ijarah, Istisna, Salam and others. The method used in order to collect data was by conducting survey. The questionnaire used in data collection with the sample of 100 respondents from two banks in Pekanbaru, i.e. Muamalat Bank and Syariah Mandiri Bank using proportional random sampling techniques. Data was analyzed by multiple linear regression n technique. The research shows that out of the four factors it was found that only three variables were turned out to be significant, namely the characteristics of the bank, the system of sharing and the quality of service, whilst the other was not, because the product offered has not been widespread, and thus people were not familiar with.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of supervision on employee performance monitoring sub-areas of goods and services Disperindag Riau Province and the factors inhibiting. This type of research is a survey research. The primary data source is the entire staff of sub-areas of surveillance of goods and services amounted Disperindag Riau province 85 people. Probability sampling technique with the technique of the census sample drawn based on population as a whole. The data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the implementation of monitoring the performance of employees has been running quite well with the average value of 3:16. This is achieved through the measurement of monitoring indicators which include setting standards, measuring performance, comparison of performance standards and results of evaluation materials determine the need for corrective action. For the results of employee performance is also quite good with an average value of 3.14. This is obtained after the measurement of performance indicators which include quality of work, quantity of work, timeliness of work and work effectiveness. Further monitoring positive and significant impact on employee performance with the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.932, meaning that 93.2% of employee performance is affected by the oversight. The inhibiting factor is the monitoring done yet tersistem and institutionalized leadership, budget constraints, and lack of awareness and responsibilities of employees towards work.

This research used descriptive qualitative approach exploring primary and secondary data aimed at investigating the effect of performance improvement towards small and medium Microenterprises in Pekanbaru by implementing integrated work program. The research instrument was an interview. Population and sample were 10 students participating in the integrated program held by University of Lancang Kuning in 2016 including 5 from small and medium microenterprises and the lecturers as a mentor. It was found that the effect of the integrated work program was very positive. This program increased sales and governance of the enterprises, and for University of Lancang Kuning, it was proved to help motivate academic lives. In short, there is positive impact among students, lecturers, and small and medium micro enterprises in Pekanbaru.

This study aims to know and explain how the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence to work culture. The method used in this study is a survey of 55 employees at PT. General Insurance Bumiputera 1967 youth which is in branch Pekanbaru, Dumai and Padang with sampling technique done by area sampling method.From the results of this study that simultaneous emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence, positively and significantly influence the work culture, while the rest influenced by other variables that are not explained / researched in this study. With different cultural backgrounds from each region gives an idea that the role of emotional intelligence is personally capable of influencing the work culture, as well as the spiritual intelligence possessed by an employee makes a person mature in working so as to support the creation of a conducive working culture. The emotional and spiritual side are two things that cannot be separated when it wants to form a professional work culture because it is impossible a good culture filled by employees who have low emotional and spiritual intelligence.

Moloku Kie Raha is a term to call four sovereigns in Maluku, also called kolano: Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo. As one of the most important point of shipping route during 'silk road' period, the presence of foreign people (Javanese, Chinese, Arab, and European) during 14^th – 17^th century who came bringing their own culture and language, and also interacting with local people, helped shaping the local writtings. The objective of this research is to take data, preserve, and inform the existence and to know the view of Moloku Kie Raha society about their heritance of ancient manuscripts. This research is a codicological-anthropologic. It means that the old manuscripts will be reviewed codicologically, and the community as the owners will be approached anthropologically. The results of this research are to digitalize and make a list of the manuscripts and information about the view of its society.

Akit tribe or Orang Akik, is a social group who has long occupied the coastal region of Bengkalis, precisely in the village of Berancah. They are called Akit tribe because this community mostly live on the raft house, then with the raft they move from one place to another, to the beach, sea and to the river. This study focuses on social capital of Akit tribe, Akit's social capital is believed as one of the main components in mobilizing togetherness, the mobility of ideas, mistrust, and mutual benefit to achieve common goals and progress. The social capital of the community can reduce or stop the social vulnerability occurring in society with certain community structures. Using descriptive Quantitative research method, this study is conducted to find out the social capital model in Akit community by looking at their social structure and how the relationship is intertwined among the people based on values or norms, sanctions, trusts and social networks as a reliable force in solving problems or needs in the structure, as well as the synergicity between social capital. The social structure that allows social capital tied to the community of Akit tribe, is bonding in whichlevels of integration and existing network performance indicate relatively high indicators due to factors. 1. ethnic homogeneity in this uniformity exists kinship, gotong royong, 2. Homogeneity of work as a mangrove encroachers for panglong charcoal needs to meet the needs of life and as fishermen to rely on life. Patron clients is found in this community with a mutual beneficial relationship between the panglong owner and the Akit person and also between Tauke and Akit Society.

This paper aims to analyze the utilization of Riau Province Government assets. Assets that become the object of analysis is the use of post house PON homestead area. The research target provides input to the Government of Riau Province in the utilization of assets to be managed properly. The research was conducted by qualitative method. Stages performed in this study include (1) review existing policies, (2) interviews with some sources who become the reference branch marking, (3) give input to the government from the results of research. Research results shown that the athlete's homestead is used for boarding the athletes with no rental fee. However, for the maintenance cost of Wisma Athletes, it is necessary to optimize its utilization policy by renting out multipurpose rooms such as for meetings, seminars and so forth, renting out kiosks in the Wisma Athletes environment for various businesses and reviving the athlete's homestay area as a sports center.

Agreement with a defect of will, a misuse of undue influence, causing harm to one party, taking advantage of the circumstances of another, causing abused desires is not granted in a free state, resulting in an improper performance imbalance, the agreement may be canceled. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the position of a contract agreement that contains the existence of abuse of undue influence in the perspective of business law in Pekanbaru City. In line with the formulation of the problem, the research method used is a sociological law; this study was conducted with a field study in Pekanbaru City. The data analysis technique used is a juridical analysis, the object of which is the data of this research is the study of legal science based on the judge's decision in its consideration to cancel the agreement of a contract containing abuse of undue influences. The result of this study that the agreement of a contract can be canceled if it contains elements of abuse of the situation, the reason for judge consideration in this case, is based on a sense of propriety and justice in society to uphold the rule of law, especially business law. The doctrine of state misuse is accepted as a justification for canceling the contract in consideration of the unbalancing of one party, and abusing the undue influences, so as not to be free. The conclusion that a treaty containing a defect in the will of abuse of undue influences becomes the judge's judgment to cancel the agreement in the contract. Suggestion that misuse of state is expected to be a positive law and regulated in law, there by enriching the business law.

This paper presents the results of a baseline study on community empowerment plans through the Conservation Village scheme. Data were collected through key respondent interviews and Focus Group Discussion in Kampung Meranti, Minas Jaya-Siak Village, Riau Province, Indonesia from February to June 2017. This study aims to determine the level of community readiness in implementing the conservation village program and to develop an implementation strategy based on internal environmental analysis and external conditions. Result of study get value of readiness of society is at level 4, that is in Preplanning Stage. The result of SWOT analysis shows that the value of the strength element possessed by the prospective community is greater than the value of the weakness element; And the element of opportunity gets a value greater than the value of the threat element. Thus, an appropriate option for the development of a conservation village program is the S-O, S-T and W-O strategies.

This study examined the mystical elements of five critacekak(cerkak) (short stories) in the Panjebar Semangat magazine in 2011. This research aims to reveal the Javanese belief about mysticism in the collection of cerkak Alaming Lelembut in Panjebar Semangat. This research is qualitative with the interpretive method and objective approach. This study is expected to provide an overview of Javanese mysticismand to add references to the Javanese literary research. The results of this study conclude that the mystical elements within the five cerkak of Panjebar Semangat in 2011 have proven the existence of the belief onmysticism still inherent in the Javanese society and provide a description of mysticism in the Javanese society that is still relevant to the present.

This study examines the internalization of Sepi ing pamrih value in Javanese families in Sawise Langite Katon Biru (SLKB), a novel written by Yunani S.W. The purpose of this research is to reveal the meaning of Sepi ing pamrih value for Javanese families implicit in the SLKB novel. This is a qualitative research with the interpretative method. The benefits of this research is expected to give an idea to the public about the meaning of Sepi ing pamrih value for Javanese families, and it can also be a contribution to knowledge as a reference for further research. This research found that the concept of Sepi ing pamrih value is important to be understood, applied, and manifested in the attitude and behavior that show harmony, mutual respect, unselfishness and control of lust in the relationship between the members of Javanese families so as to create harmony and social unity.

This paper analyzes knowledge about the truth (hakekat) in the Suluk Waleh text Br. 35 as part of the collection of the National Library, Jakarta. This text was written in the Javanese language and letters, with some Arabic words included. Suluk means perfect inner life and the mantra of the puppeteer. The Suluk Waleh text contains knowledge on truth and various other knowledge taught by teachers to their students. Knowledge about the truth refers to truth and true belief (how to know God). This knowledge can only be passed from teachers to their students, and students to other people, with love. This shows that the Suluk Waleh text, which was written in the past, is still relevant in the present, especially with regard to its moral teachings expressed in local wisdom, whose purpose is to develop moral character.

Tionghoa ethnic was formerly considered as foreigners who came from Tiongkok mainland to find a new place to live. Later, the group was known as Tionghoa foreign settler who live and breeds in Nusantara and called as Indonesian Tionghoa people group. In everyday practice, Tionghoa community is inseparable from the interaction with the natives people. And further, assimilates with the local community in all aspects of life. This study uses ethnography qualitative approach to observe assimilation process and mixing that occur in Tionghoa people with natives people. The data used in this study came from interviews with 11 informants.This study concludes that Tionghoa ethnic assimilates in several aspects with 2 methods: (1) partial assimilation, (2) total assimilation. This study also found that Tionghoa people have low national integrity because they are only oriented to the trade sectore alone. To build Tionghoa ethnic's integrity for natives people, it is advised that Tionghoa ethnic do total assimilation, not just in business and trading sector. Tionghoa ethnic has to enter every aspect of life, such as politics and goverment.

This paper is about the religious values of Silat Kuantan in Kuantan Hilir Seberang. The methodology of this research is qualitative approach with case study research type. Qualitative research is a process of research and understanding based on a methodology that investigates a social phenomenon and human problems. The case study is a study that explores a problem with detailed constraints, has deep data retrieval, and includes various sources of information. The results showed that people in Kotorajo Kuantan District of Seberang Hilir use Silat as one of self-defence means that silat is to protect them from enemy attack, both physically and mentally. Silat Kuantan included as one form of martial arts that have traditionally traditionally from the past until now Therefore silat Kuantan can be divided into two: Silat Permainan (silat for traditional ceremonies) and Silat Sebenar Silat (the real of silat).By holding the principle of every human being will be faced with the struggle, both globally in the world and in the day after life. This study is limited by time and place, and cases learned in the form of programs, events, activities, or individuals,dealing with the human need to prepare them each time by practicing Silat Kuantan.

In the implementation of Act No. 2 of 2012 on the procurement of land for development for the public interest in making the toll road, in its implementation found many problems causing the slow completion of land acquisition for the construction of Pekanbaru-Kandis Dumai toll road. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the implementation of Law No. 2 of 2012 on the procurement of land for development for the public interest in making the Pekanbaru-Kandis-Dumai toll road in Siak regency of Riau province and to know the mechanism of legal settlement when the rights owner Over the land rejects the form and the amount of compensation. This research method is sociological legal research with empirical juridical approach, which includes research on the identification of written law and unwritten law, with a view to know the implementation of legislation relating to the procurement of land for development for the public interest. The results of this study are based on respondents data obtained from the field that most of the people agreed that the land affected by the construction project of Pekanbaru-Kandis-Dumai toll road, this can be proved by the payment of compensation money to land, land and plants as well as objects related to ± 85% of land has received compensation money and ± 15% who do not agree because feel compensation money does not match the price of their land and / or building. The conclusion shows that the implementation of Act No. 2 of 2012 on land acquisition for development for public interest in Siak regency of Riau Province there are still many problems, among others, legal settlement for parties who are entitled to reject the form and / or amount of compensation through Siak District Court either Filed a lawsuit to the Court as well as those who did not file a lawsuit ultimately entrusted to the court in accordance with Article 42 of Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning the procurement of land for development for the public interest.

This paper is about the aggressivity of children at high risk such as failing in school, experiencing serious social problems, including difficulty getting along as well as conflicts with family members, frequent scolding and punishment by caregivers, hated by friends at school, even being labeled as "brats". All of these factors can affect the incidence of child behavior disorder and behavior. Therefore, children who exhibit aggressive behavior should receive appropriate attention and handling and sustainability in order to have the opportunity to develop into a successful human being in the future. Bad behavior in childhood if not addressed tends to be problematic in adulthood, so that in many aspects of life, such as in the school environment, the work environment and their families face many problems. This research is descriptive research using qualitative approach. Descriptive research is a study that does not make the comparison of variables on other samples and look for the relationship of that variable with other variablesin this study; the variables that will be described are school cooperation with parents.is a study that produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral words of people and observable behavior. This research is conducted in February-July 2017 at TK Berkah Ceria Pekanbaru.The results showed thatthere are four main factors causing aggressive behavior, namely: biological and diseasedisorders, familyenvironment, schoolenvironment and negative cultural influences.This study is limited by time and place, and cases learned in the form of programs, events, activities, or individuals,dealing with.The output of this research is obtained information about the handling of parents and teachers to the behavior of children aggressiveness.

Student demonstrations are conducted to express opinions or ideas to improve the life of the community. This article analyses the practice of student demonstration in the city of Pekanbaru whether it has been conducted in accordance on Act Number 9 of 1998 on the FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN PUBLIC. The research method used in this article is the method of Sociology of law. Data are obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary were analyzed inductively. The results of the analysis found student demonstrations in Pekanbaru is still not effective in accordance to Act Number 9 of 1998. The study found that students are unlikely to report of any future plans of demonstration to the authority, student demonstrations exceeds the time limit that has been set according to the law, and student demonstrations is disruptive and tend to be anarchist.

This paper discusses the representation of women in a modern Javanese literary work entitled Dahuru ing Loji Kepencil (DILK) essay by Suparto Brata. This research uses the structural theory of figures and characterizations as presented by Panuti Sudjiman in his book Memahami Cerita Rekaan (1992). The method used is descriptive analytical method as proposed by Nyoman Kuta Ratna in his book entitled Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra (2004). It was found that Javanese women in the text are not in a subordinate position as in Javanese society. The women in the story are depicted strong, not subordinated by men, can even do things beyond what men can do. The view of women in the novel DILK has an important role as a family protector. There are three motivations behind the social action of Javanese women in the DILK story, namely sosiogenetic motives, biogenetic motives, and theogenetic motives.

The Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia has mandated in the article to achieve the goals set in the printing of quality human resources not only thought by the government but there is cooperation with the private sector for its success. Private educational institutions cooperation with state educational institutions in an effort to alleviate the world of education.The purpose of this research is to describe and explain that conflict management is needed in the management of private universities covering academic fields, facilities, and infrastructure, student field to exist, the researcher will also reveal how the style of handling conflicts carried out in the field of research sites. The design of research was qualitative research and case study design. The location of thestudy was in oneof a private university in the Scope of Coordinator of Private College VII-East Java. The collecting data used interview, observation, and documents, and the data analysis by single case analysis, the validity of the data with Triangulation.The results showed that in university, which had 6 faculties with 12 study programs and postgraduate program 2, showed that the characteristics of each study program are very reflected conflict management in determining conflict resolution. In the academic field there is very little conflict because it is using anAcademic Information System detailing all assessment indicators, but in the learning process related to the professionalism of the teacher has not shown the accuracy of the data, while the conflict management style applied in the field of human resources, facilities, and infrastructure in support of management style activities dominating conflicts are carried out and are considered safe, the institution's journey needs to be considered in order for more effectiveness to increase by defining a clear strategy. The avoiding conflict management style field is actually less precise, but it happens so, conflict resolution is carried out using self-regulation and third party intervention. Effectiveness will be realized if there is activity, usefulness, and the suitability in an activity of a private university that performs tasks to achieve the intended target.

This research is based on the needs to analyze as well as evaluate the students' ability in mapping and developing idea of Topic Sentence as a material of Academic Writing Subject at English Education Department Faculty of Teachers Training and Education University of Lancang Kuning. The ability of mapping and developing ideas are very useful to increase essay writing quality as learning outcome of Academic Writing Subject. The aims of this research is to analyze the ability of the fourth semester students of English Education Department Faculty of Teachers Training and Education University of Lancang Kuning in mapping and developing idea of Topic Sentence as the evaluation of Academic Writing Subject. The method used descriptive quantitative research design. The sample of this research was consisted of 49 students. In this research, the researcher collected the data by giving some topic sentences. Then, the students were asked to use one of mapping techniques and develop the idea into essay paragraph. The data were analyzed by using writing scoring rubric, and then the scores were categorized into some levels of ability. The result of the test showed that the average score of the students' writing was 77.45 and categorized into good level. It can be concluded that the students' ability in writing and developing idea is categorized into good level ability.

English is a Foreign Language as a subject that has been studying since elementary. However, most of the students; English is a difficult course to learn. Thus, it needs improvement both from the media system used and the appropriate strategy for the English course as a general basic course in particular in the Faculty of Computer Science into a fun learning. A way to make English fun and easy to learn is the use of the strategy of a game called Crossword Puzzle Games. The purpose of the research is to find out whether the use of Crossword Puzzle strategy can improve the value of English courses, whether by using the Crossword Puzzle Learning Strategy can improve students' Vocabulary and find out whether using the learning strategy of Crosswords Puzzle can increase students' interest in Computer science faculty in learning English. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which the result of this research is the elucidation of data obtained from quantitative and qualitative. The results of this study obtained through the collecting and analyzing of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through the oral test at Mid Semester Test and qualitative data acquisition of questionnaires, observation, and interviews with several students. The result obtained from the research is the use of strategy Crossword Puzzle can increase the value of English courses in the first-semester students' faculty of Computer Science, by using Crossword Puzzle learning strategy can improve Vocabulary first-semester students' faculty of the Computer Science, and by using Crosswords Puzzle learning strategy can increase student interest of the first-semester students' faculty of Computer Science in learning English.

Jakarta was known as Batavia and became the center of Dutch colonial government. As the center of colonial government, the community certainly lived in various socio-economic and cultural dynamics. People who live in Batavia came from all over the world. It means they had different ethnic group. The community gathered and mingled with the new socio-cultural order, although not leaving the old cultural order, but there was leeway in its implementation. Lots of people started not to apply strict customs, but instead received new cultural influences. This condition can be seen from the various habits undertaken by the community at that time. One of the simple example was about bringing their own cultural customs but not apply them strictly. This paper reviewed about the activities of Betawi women who often told the story about Betawi jawara namely si Jampang to her son. Jampang was a unique storytelling because everytime people wanted to tell the story they must recite the pantun. As most women told the story to their children, the story would be ended when the children were asleep. Jampang story is actually a story full of messages and meaning to be conveyed. There were three steps must be considered to convey the message and the meaning of the story. The first, people needed to understand the meaning of the story. The second step was understanding the message to be conveyed and the third step was to understand the meaning to be conveyed through the story. By understanding the meaning of the story, then we can understand the message and meaning within it.

The 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 confirms that Indonesia is a country of law. The one important principle of state of law is the guarantee of the implementation of independent judicial power, free from the influence of other powers to organize judiciary to enforce the law and justice. This study is based on the curiosity of investigators in uncovering the scope and existence of judicial power in Indonesia. The scope and existence were restricted to two state institutions in the field of the judiciary, the Supreme Court (SC) and the Constitutional Court (CC). Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the comparison (similarities and differences) between the authority of the SC and the CC. This study using normative legal research. SC and the CC have the same authority to be a court decision that is both first and last. SC and the CC provides access to people who cannot afford as the recipient of legal aid to be able to act. SC have jurisdiction in the enforcement of the criminal law, while the CC, does not have jurisdiction in the enforcement of the criminal law, but the CC decision related to the decriminalization of significant influence in the enforcement of criminal law. SC and the CC differ in their patterns and the supervision of the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court. SC and the CC different in terms of a court decision is final and binding. The SC decision, are not the first and last because is final and binding and there is also not final but is already binding. There are differences of transparency in the legislation review in the SC and the CC in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the profile of students' science process skills (SPS) and their correlation with Student's Achievement Index (CAI) in Biology Student of FKIP University of Lancang Kuning Academic Year 2016/2017. Data retrieval was conducted in March 2017 using an instrument of science process skill with 7 indicators. This research uses descriptive quantitative approach with regression correlation method to see the relation between student sains process skill and comulative achievement index. Data analysis is done by descriptive percentage and using Product moment correlation. The result of the research shows that the value of scientific process skill of students is in the category of less. Students with a high comulative achievement index also get higher scores than low and medium-sized students comulative achievement index. The semester VI students have the highest scientific process skill with enough categories. comulative achievement index has a significant relationship with KPS with a strong relationship category of 0.721.

The development in Pekanbaru City focuses more dominantly on building construction than green open space. The green open space area is less than 30% of the total city area. This research applies the empirical legal method in which the data are taken from observation and interview. The results showed that the government has not fully realized the availability of green open space proportionally, has no planning for the provision and utilization of green open space, and others. The obstacles were caused by the weakness of the government's ability to control the green land area, a limited fund to provide green open space, low awareness of private companies to participate to set up green open space, and others. Therefore, the government should do some efforts such as; preparing the budget to provide the green open space, involve the participation of the public and private parties for the availability of green open space and in the same time, limit the establishment of buildings to provide green open space and so forth. At last, it is suggested that the government must implement the law on spatial planning with various policies to create green open space.

Working agreement is an agreement between the parties which includes rights and obligations of both the employees and the employers, if either party is incapable or incompetent of committing a legal act, then the working agreements may be canceled. Otherwise, if it made without the works as the contracted are contrary to public order, morality, and applicable legislation, the agreements were canceled by law. Each party has to agree and not be forced, it has to be clear so there is no misunderstanding in the future. The working agreements ideally to protect all the interests of the involving parties. In the working agreements, some companies are requiring the employees to deposit their diploma as a job warranty. The reason about the policy of holding the employee's diploma as a warranty for time work agreement, where often the employees feel uncomfortable working with the company and then quit before the expiration of the working agreements. That could harm the company, in order to employees last longer at least until the expiration of working agreements. However, the policy was not considered to provide the protection to employees even it is disadvantageous to employees party and has no juridical basis for its implementation. That is breaking the 1945 Constitution on Human Rights "that everyone has the rights to find a decent job and to earn a decent living" and Act no. 13 of 2013 on Manpower. The Method used is normative law based on the essential elements also the main objective of the law is justice, benefit, and legal certainty for employees through working agreements with companies in order to create a working relationship which based on Pancasila's Industrial relation.

This paper examines Hwan Le Wah as the warrior princess and traditional Javanese woman based on Sik Jin Kwi text of the Chinese-Javanese manuscript belonging to the Library of Universitas Indonesia (NR 142). The text is written in Javanese script, around the beginning of the 20^th century. The methods applied reveal the woman studies which represent the power of sublimation in Chinese-Javanese traditions. As a warrior princess, Hwan Le Wah was tough, brave, and having magic or divine power, loved by Gods and Goddesses. It means that she has a power as a man to be a war commander. On the other hand, as a traditional Chinese- Javanese woman, she has also tenderness of woman's attitude. The conclusion is, as a human being, Hwan Le Wah has represented masculinity and femininity, in order to balance her life into the social harmony and universe.

This paper is dealing with the discussion of concepts and theoretical constructs that have contributed to a clear portrait of the relationship between language and power regarding types and functions of speech acts or language use. The description of the discussion based on Austin's central innovation, that is, acts done in speaking mainly the sort of actions to use the performative sentence. This research is a descriptive qualitative, and the research instrument is documentation. The data was, then, taken from official website issuing the debate between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. This research is, firstly, aimed at finding out the nuance of language and power based on the speech acts type and functions uttered by influential figures of the United States of America. Secondly, this is to investigate what and how the illocutionary speech acts work to manifest the power of language. The result shows that most of the types and functions of the speech acts are directive, expressive, commissive and declarative. Donald Trump tends to be more directive. Unlike Donald Trump, Clinton is more indirect and tends to be expressive.

The study of corruption in the Indonesian municipalities comprises a broad variety of analysis, ranging from patron-client, clientelism, rent-seeking, etc. The various analysis of corruption indicates that there has been a gradual increase in the scholar's attention associated with the high number of corruption cases in the Indonesian local governments, especially after reform period. Yet, the high attentions of scholars are still insufficient to formulate a best anti-corruption approach. In the public administration discourse, the scholars got often stuck to find a suitable approach to reducing corruption in the Indonesian local governments. The tendency of academia's has explained solely by a bureaucracy analysis on the part of a Weberian discourse is one sided. Although the Weberian idea has provided some interesting ideas to frame corruption, the scholars still face difficulty in capturing a full image of the corruption problem. That means corruption is not always easy to explain from a single perspective. The failed of Weberian perspective to understand corruption could be reflected through a performance of local governments that is implemented anti-corruption programs in the bureaucracy. Thus, we need to be diagnosed in seeing the failure of a Weberian idea to formulate anti-corruption approaches in the Indonesian municipalities. I also would like to discuss the possibility of alternative perspective in the contextualizing anti-corruption approaches in the Indonesian municipalities.

Today, there are not many people know about toolbox software. Toolbox is a linguistic software. Mostly, it is used to produce a dictionary. In other hand, this research aimed at producing a catalog of Malay manuscript using toolbox software. Textual analysis was used to analyze the usage of toolbox in the Malay manuscript cataloging. All data gathered into three steps, analyzing special markers of toolbox are used, modified special markers of toolbox usage, and analyzing the data export proccess. The result shows that not all markers in the toolbox were used to Malay manuscript cataloging. Only several markers were used and modified to produce the Malay Manuscript Catalog.

The sea is a potential region in support of life and the life of the nation or the world community. It is not impossible it will be a major of problems and violations coming from the sea. It is a fact that the surveillance area of the sea is relatively more difficult compared to other regions on lands. Indonesian government realizes that the overall supervision by the Central Government through its stakeholders against sea border area where less meet the expectations in an effort to maintain the security of the coastal region of itself from the exploitation of outside parties. Sea area safeguards if need to be given a chance to the people of the coastal areas customary law itself is supported by the ACT also gives the space itself, as the community's customary law must have a stronger sense of belonging towards the sea. Thus, it will make room for the customary law community around itself to participate gets the opportunity of controlling its own security in the region of the sea borders with foreign countries hand in hand with the implementation of positive law in the province of Riau Islands. Methods undertaken for this study is a descriptive Qualitative approach method. From the results of the study found that it was the existence of the rules contained in the ACT granting the associated chance it, but from what was found, the situation is that only indigenous peoples formed a group of fellow, but the support provided by the Government is very minimal. Thus, it can be concluded that the occurrence of the alignment have not been good in keeping an eye on the border region between the indigenous peoples and government stakeholders who represent the implementation of positive law.

Modern society is usually marked by the logical thought and behavior. Modern society is a society which has advanced science and technology, in which the people in this society are able to adapt with the situation and the condition where they live. The people in modern society are open minded to new inventions and experiences, so they can accept changes easily. Besides, they are people whose orientation is today and future. Thus, they are not tied with the past, moreover, if the elements related to the past hinder the advancement and are superstitious. It is triggered by the belief of the people in the strength of science. Anyhow, in reality, not all people in modern society can free themselves from illogical and superstitious, past thought. These people are still influenced by pagan thought and behavior which is mystical and superstitious. Related to that idea, the aim of this analysis is to analyze the elements of paganism reflected in a short story entitles "The Lottery" written by Shirley Jackson. This analysis applies descriptive analysis in which the Pagan thought and behavior reflected in the short story are described descriptively. The result shows that Pagan belief is adopted and applied in the life of the villagers in the story. The elements of Paganism are seen from the tradition or the ritual which is originated from ancient culture (pagan). The tradition or the ritual that the villagers conduct is to sacrifice one of the villagers by stoning him/her. Even though the tradition is scary but the villagers keeps applying it because they believe the ritual can save them. This is one of the Pagan believe. In the Pagan culture, someone was sacrificed to God and Goddess. Besides, the person is stoning to death. Stone used is originated from Pagan culture in which stone was a common weapon at that time.

The background of this research was students' achievement in vocabulary mastery in High School 1 Padangsidimpuan was not suitable to the expectation and their achievement was in low score. The purpose of this research was to find out the significant effect of TGT Method toward vocabulary mastery at the Tenth grade students of High school 1 Padangsidimpuan. The population was all of the Tenth Grade students with 298 students. The sample was 67 students which took by cluster sampling. This study was conducted to find out the cause and effect relationship, the research method used was experimental method. Then the data was collected by using instrument. The instrument used was multiple choice test. And to analyze the data the writer used statistic process, they were descriptive analysis and inferential analysis by using t-test formula. And from the data that has been collected, it was found that the result showed the score of t_test >t_table (2.68 > 2.00). It means that there is a significant effect of TGT method toward vocabulary at the seventh grade students of High School 1 Padangsidimpuan.

This study is aimed at analizing the effect of Environmental CSR Disclosure to tax avoidance behavior. This study used secondary data from Indonesian Capital Market which acquired from software data available such as data stream and Eicon database. Data collected was processed by using regression model. This research consisted of variable Environmental CSR Disclosure as independent variable and tax avoidance behavior as dependent variable and also some control variables. This research found that Environmental CSR Disclosure significantly influenced tax avoidance behavior.

The phenomenon of women's role is getting more attention in our community right now. Women become the successful source in all fields but the women's role itself was not respected or was not valued by people in our community. The basis of this motivation will be an effort to build the role of women to be more empowered and real in women's institutions. Problems come in groups of women who held social activities such as social gathering which are the issue of activeness in following various activities, less brave to appear in front of people or lack of confidence as well as lack of motivation due to lack of support from family, colleagues and the surrounding environment. This research focuses on the variables of socialization pretension and the interest to save money. This research question is about what are the factor that makes women are motivated to follow arisan and become active in groups of arisan. Through the survey method, the questionnaires distributed to two groups of arisan (social gathering) women which are the arisan groups in the community and the professional arisan group. The sample is about 31 respondents taken purposively and analyzed quantitatively using SEM warpPLS. The result of the research shows that socialization becomes the motivating factor of women joining social gathering but not the factor that make the women active in joining the arisan either directly or indirectly. While the pretension factor to save money is a factor that makes women actively follow the arisan but not a factor that motivates women to join arisan. Motivation to follow the arisan (social gathering) did not also make women active in arisan activities.

East Java is one of the largest industrial areas and agglomerations in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the role of strategic industries on the economic performance of the East Java region. The method used is the input-output quantitative analysis (IO). The data used is IO 2015. The data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The results of IO estimation and analysis show that the strategic industrial sector in East Java is the vegetable oil industry, rice industry, flour and starch milling industry, bakery and cakes industry, cigarette industry, basic chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, rubber industry and plastics and basic metal industries. A strategic industry is an industry that can drive performance from the supply and demand side. Strategic industries are grouped into agricultural, food and metals industries. The large number of strategic industries shows that the role of industry in building the regional economy is very strategic. This means that East Java industries have an impact on various economic sectors in East Java. Furthermore, the industry produces large-scale production in meeting intermediate inputs in other economic activities and final demand. As a result these key industries are able to generate and encourage regional economic performance. This proves that East Java is an industrial agglomeration region in Indonesia and has an impact on the economies of other regions in Indonesia.

This research is important for insurance industry in province Riau Indonesia with this condition right now, problem of this research how corporation strategy Prudential Life Assurance Indonesia for growth and catching big opportunity in Province Riau. Aim this research to find suitable strategy to catch big opportunity insurance business in Province Riau. The method of this research use descriptive qualitative with data primer and secondary from 12 branch in province Riau and step of this research using management strategy tool there are EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summary), IFAS (Internal Factors Analysis Summary), SWOT-8K, and TWOS matrix. Result of this research show strategy corporate Prudential life assurance is growth strategy because strategic position Prudential Life Assurance in stable growth strategy quadrant IB, it means competitive advantage prudential life assurance was low then business opportunity, so prudential life assurance can grow (Aggressive Strategy) using with their capability. Prudential can using several strategy there are creating system control management, creating good agent and building good positioning using electronic media and print media.

The focus of this research is to develop and estimate labor needs in the city of Pekanbaru from 2011-2015 in terms of the growth of the population during a five-year period which increased by 2.22%. Population of working per sector in each field is of 3.64% and economic growth of 6.44% with unemployment rate 7.46%. This shows that existence yet proper planning to address the problem of employment in Pekanbaru. The method used was a Manpower Utilization Approach using labor force participation (TPAK). The estimated needs of the population that works using "Manpower Requirement Approach" using the economic growth and employment by using a linear regression and the elasticity approach. The results of the research showed the workforce according to age and gender of the productive age group was dominated by men of 76.16 percent smaller than female productive group 72.33 percent. It was proved the work absorbed was more on a large proportion of the trade sector reaching 0.14 percent. If seen the inventory of labor although this figure was down from 305,825 people and dropped to 280,905 people so that the unemployment rate dropped from percent to 13.70 7.46 TPAK percent with the increase from 60.97 percent to 63.14 percent. So it can be concluded that there was no balanced figure between the shares of labor supply with labor supply, but this effort was already resulting with the fall in the unemployment rate.

This research was to determine and analyze the effect of profitability performance to audit committee on Stated-owned enterprises (BUMN) listed on the stock exchange Indonesia. To determine and analyze the effect of audit committee, public owner, number of commissioner, independence commissioner, debt equity ratio, dividend payout ratio and return on equity simultaneously to stock return on Stated-owned enterprises (BUMN) listed on the stock exchange Indonesia. Population in this research is 13 (thirteen) State-owned enterprises (BUMN) listed on the stock exchange Indonesia. The method used in this research is a descriptive survey method and explanatory with regression data panel to determine and analyze hypothesis the influence the independent variable to dependent variable. Based on the research results, these following research findings, are treired Audit Committee have a significant positive effect on profitability performance, The public owner influence significant negative on profitability performance. The number of board of commissioner influence the profitability performance as a positive effect but not significant. Independence commissioner influence negative profitability performance and significant. Debt to equity ratio (DER) influence performance as a negative but not significant. Dividend payout ratio (DPR) influence profitability performance as a negative but not significant. Variable corporate governance consist of audit committee, public owner, the number of commissioner, and independence commissioner, variable od Fund Company's decision proximate with debt to equity ratio (DER), and dividend policy proximate with dividend payout ratio (DPR) simultaneously profitability performance positively and significant. The GCG implementation through independence commissioner, audit committee, fund policy and profitability performance significantly influence the stock return.

As a multicultural country, Indonesia is potentially horizontal conflict. The conflict is usually triggered by SARA issues. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika as the motto of the state becomes forgotten. People are divided and fragmented. Fellow children of the nation blasphemous and hostile. There are many ways that can be done to avoid it. One of them is digging back the local wisdom of the nation. Local wisdom is expected to be a part in tingling the love of the homeland, the love of diversity and preventing the disintegration of the nation. Local wisdom also needs to be communicated well and correctly so it can be accepted and implemented. Such things require certain communication styles to be acceptable to all parties. Regarding to it, this article was conducted. The research used qualitative method. This method can dig deep data so that research objectives can be achieved.

The essential critical thinking skills are developed in order to address the challenges of modern education, global competition, and democratic life. Therefore it is necessary to create an atmosphere of learning that allows students to be able to think critically especially for Students of Vocational School through the preparation of learning tools with appropriate strategies and critical thinking instruments that are tested to be used by teachers. In this case, the purposes of this research are 1) to produce a preparation of learning tools in the form of a teaching plan based on Problem-Based Learning, and 2) valid and reliable critical thinking instruments. Based on the expert test and user test results, the instructional tools were eligible to be used in terms of both design and substance. The critical thinking instruments were based on Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) with five dimensions: Inference, Recognition Assumption, Deduction, Interpretation and Evaluation of Arguments with thesubject of Pancasila and Civic Education. Instrument validity test using product moment Pearson's correlation analysis, and factor analysis. While the instrument reliability test using Alpha Cronbach formula. This instrument was declared valid and reliable after it was tested on the then grade Students of Vocational School through three trials which resulted in 16 question items from 50 items prepared.

This research aims to know the effectiveness of filter media and Echinodorus palaefolius on phytoremediation of leachate. This research was conducted at greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, Lancang Kuning University. The method used was an experimental method by using a completely randomized design, wich consists of 4 treatments with five replicates at each treatment. The parameters measured were turbidity, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance and a further test with Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significant level (α) = 0.01. The results showed that there was a significant effect of filter media with Echinodorus palaefolius on phytoremediation of leachate. to reduce levels of pollutants found in leachate. treatment P3 (PMK, zeolite, Echinodorus palaefolius) with a value of effectiveness were 95,18% for turbidity, 97,47% for TSS, 20.86% for pH and (-) 6660% for DO.

Public institutions that provide accountable, transparent, accessible, accessible public services are some of the characteristics of public institutions that have applied good governance principles. The Office of Population and Civil Registration of Pekanbaru City is a public institution that organizes public services in the field of population and civil registration, such as identity card service, family card, registration and issuance of birth certificate and death. This study aims to find out how the principles of good governance. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. Techniques of data collection using observation and interviews and questionnaires. Sources of data used in this study is civil apparatus of state and society that take care of administration. The data obtained, analyzed using descriptive analysis technique consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Based on the results of research that the application of good governance principles is good but there are some that need to be improved. Namely, equality and upholding the supremacy of the law. For that need an increase in some aspects.

Formalin is a harmful chemical content which has high toxicity and can cause cancer containing in wastewater. Formalin is used in non-food industry and corps preserving. In a university, a bad laboratories wastes management can affect hazardous chemistry content in its neighborhood wastewater, such as formalin. It is important to make sure that the wastes are managed carefully and will not harm enclosing people and environment. This research aims to identify formalin content in wastewater surrounding Abdurrab University campus in Pekanbaru. The formalin was identified using three kind reagents of Schiff, cromatofat acid and FeCl3. The result shows that all of samples do not contain formalin that could be seen from the color's change from colorless to pink or violet using Schiff and cromatofat acid or the formation of violet ring using FeCl3.

The purpose of this study is to empirically test and analyze the influence of Service Quality on Satisfaction and its impact on Student's Loyalty at Faculty of Economics, Lancang Kuning University. This research is a descriptive method (survey) in a design of quantitative approach. The data used are primary and secondary. The population in this study is the entire number of the third-semester students of Faculty of the Economics University of Lancang Kuning with a sample size of 100 people adopting slovin's proposition. The sampling technique is nonrandom sampling technique with accidental sampling method. The data analysis is adopting Warp. PLS. The results showed that there was a significant influence of physical dimension, reliability, and assurance of customer's satisfaction, while the aspects of responsiveness and empathy were not substantial. The variable of happiness has a significant influence on loyalty. The results also showed that the determinants of all dimensions and variables have a positive relationship, both from the aspect of service quality to satisfaction and satisfaction with loyalty. Thus, if the aspect of service quality is improved, happiness will also increase; if the satisfaction is increased, loyalty will, then, increase positively.

Tri Dharma of higher institution is one of the objectives that should be carried out by the college, in order to that objective is achieved, so assessing the performance of lecturers is carried out in every certain period. This study aimed to develop decision support system in assessing performance which include education, research assessment, community service and the support of Tri Dharma using simple additive weighting (saw) method so it can assist in deciding the performance of lecturer at college, thus the process of assessing the performance of lecturers can be more efficient. The result of study is in the form of alternative ranking which is from the calculation of lecturers' weigh value based on the criteria that has been determined.

The electricity in Bagan Siapiapi is distributed 20 kV feeder distribution system. The main supply of Bagan Siapi-api from the Diesel Power Plant which is located ± 1.5 kms from the load center and the main substation of Duri is ± 102 kms from Bagan Siapi-api city through the Substation circuit Ujung Tanjung. The long distances between the Duri Mainstation and Bagan Siapi-api city resulted in a 14.85 kV end-voltage and a power loss of 988.7 kW. Voltage loss results in a lack of optimum service to the consumer and a large loss of network power become uneconomical for power supply operation. The result of end voltage calculation is 11,542 kV, and the power loss is 988.7 kW. After the main relay station in the village of Pedamaran operates, reconfiguration-1 produces the lowest end voltage calculation of 16.21 kV and a power loss of 136.59 kW, while reconfiguration-2 produces a low-end stress calculation of 17.37 kV and a power loss of 56.93 kW.

Dried chilies (Capsicum annuum Variety Kulai) were reconstituted using two different soaking techniques (cold water and boiled water soakings), crushing and stone-grinding into a fine puree and pasteurized with and without citric and acetic acids. The quality attributes of chili puree were evaluated regarding pH, moisture, Hunter surface color (L, a, b and hue angle and chroma), extractable color (ASTA units) and capsaicinoid content. Results showed that different soaking techniques had a pronounced effect on the pH, moisture content, Hunter surface color, extractable color, hue angle and chroma of the puree. However, chili puree prepared by boiled-water soaking had lower capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin concentrations compared to cold water soaking. Pasteurization did not seem to give an effect on the Hunter surface color (L, a, and b) and pungency of the puree produced. Overall, the combined treatments of boiled water soaking and pasteurization in the presence of a mixture of 1 % acetic acid (AA) and 0.2% citric acid (CA) conferred the best puree quality.

Subjective well-being is one of the variables that affect students' motivation came from low-income families, because of the tendency of students from low-income families have a low assessment of the happiness of his life (subjective well-being). This article describes subjective well-being and learning motivation of students coming from low-income families and examines whether there is a relationship between subjective well-being and student learning motivation coming from low-income families. The article of this research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with correlational research methods. The study population was the students who receive low-income aid students in 2015 with a sample of 152 students, selected by multistage random sampling technique. The instrument used is the scale of a subjective well with students' motivation come from low-income families and reliable with Cronbach Alpha value of 0.909 and 0.923. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The research findings show that (1) students'subjective well-being is in the high category, (2) students' learning motivation belongs to a high category, (3) there is a significant positive correlation between subjective well-being with student learning motivation coming from low-income family.

Efforts to increase the family income that comes from the role of women becomes a new phenomenon. Tabulampot business becomes one of choice especially in residential area with relatively limited land. Each house has plants grown in pots (Tabulampot), but still not optimal value obtained in order to increase family income. What are the factors that influence it, whether motivating factors contribute to the performance of Tabulampot management and whether there are other factors such as economic factors and social environmental factors. Through survey research with a study on a simple residential area by using samples taken with simple Ramdom Sampling and analyzed using SEM WarpPLS. The results showed that the performance of Tabulampot management is influenced by motivation and motivation influenced by social environment factor. However, motivation is not influenced by economic factors and management performance is also not influenced by economic factors and social environmental factors directly.

Batam has a very rapid business climate growth in Indonesia. In effort to strengthen this condition, it has been equipped with a security system policy based a security camera technology with the aim of creating Batam City as a smart city in Asia Pacific region. It policy is Batam City Local Regulation Number 2 Of 2007 On Security System Throught Security Camera In Vital Objects, Public Facilities, And Spesific Areas In Batam City. Various problems has encountered in last 10 years including the not ideal security cameras quantity, bad security cameras quality, and Security Coordinating Board not implemented. From that, this research purpose is to analyze policy evaluation. Policy evaluation theory used as activity that concerns policy assessment including substance, implementation, and impact. Research method used phenomenology descriptive qualitative approach including primary and secondary data collection techniques, data processing and analysis, and conclusion. Through this research has found results in evaluation form from main cause problems is a synergism absence between government agencies concerned that are Batam City Government, Batam City Regional House of Representatives, Communication and Informatics Batam City Regional Office, Batam Enterprise Board, Transportation Batam City Regional Office, Barelang City Resort Police, 0316/Batam Military District Commander, and Batam Attorney-General's Office.

Sultan Syarif Hasyim Forest Park is one of the protected areas in Riau Province - Indonesia, which is currently in critical condition due to illegal conversion, particularly into monoculture palm oil plantations. In order to recover the forest, a necessary approach that combines conservation and community empowerment is needed. One of it is through the concept application of village-based conservation that based on planting agro forestry patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine the farmers strategy in adopt agro forestry systems that developed to replace palm oil monoculture. The data collection included the distribution of questionnaires, observation, and direct involvement of researchers in the processes of rural development of conservation. The research conducted in Minas Jaya village, Riau Province, on February - July 2017. The strategy implemented by farmers to adopt agro forestry system is set the result of pattern harvest plan by selecting a combination of the commodities types in accordance with the purpose.

This study aimed at analyzing the learning environment construction in Islamic higher education in Indonesia. It seems that this study realized that the concepts of social studies, culture and learning theories are key factors of learning a foreign language undoubtedly. A qualitative descriptive method was utilized in this research to collect the data through observation, interviews and library research. However, this paper only tried to share the data mostly from the library research due to its limitation. As a result this study believed that; socio-cultural factors, intercultural communicative competence, Whorfian hypothesis and learning environment as a learning media are the missing puzzles of the important elements to support nowadays language learning in Islamic higher institutions, especially in eastern Indonesia. This study tried to connecting these puzzles of the idea in order, to give some views for helping the institutions re-designing or constructing their learning environment to support language learning process. Beyond its limitations, this study sees an effective teaching and learning of social studies should bring about development not only to the individual learner but to the society in which such an individual lives and operates. This study realized also that learning in an individual is somehow a complex phenomenon and it's depending on a multitude of factors. In the end, this study recommended that Islamic higher institutions should start to see the school as a social system in implementing a multicultural education so it cannot be overemphasized and their duty is to create and sustain an effective multicultural school environment.

This research analyzes the notion of the perfection of cosmic reality based on Old Javanese concepts in the TantuPanggělaran (TP) text. It is aimed at elaborating the idea of the perfection of cosmic reality in the TP text through the manifestation of the Highest God. This is qualitative research which utilizes theories and concepts on space known within the philosophy of the Old Javanese society. The research is significant, for it complements the existing knowledge on the Javanese culture, especially the Old Javanese culture from the era of late Majapahit to the present as one of potential sources of local wisdom. Theoretically, this research offers a new paradigm towards Old Javanese texts using the theories and concepts on space from the philosophy of the Old Javanese society itself. The result of the research is that the manifestation of the Highest God in the TP text represents the perfection of the cosmic reality over the relationship between the Highest God and the humans as well as nature in the Saiwa-Buddha concept.

This paper was concerned with terminology of the social sciences and humanities in Indonesian scientific papers. Using electronic corpora built from the collection of texts on legal science and administrative science in Universitas Indonesia, the aims of the study was to illustrate how to integrate corpus linguistic method with the communicative theory of terminology (CTT) to examine terminology. Three procedures of corpus analysis were applied to assist in identifying two of the areas that terminological units must fulfil, i.e. the linguistic component and the cognitive component. The keyword and word clusters analysis were used to extract multi-word terms while the collocation analysis was used to derive the most significant sense categories of terms. Using corpus software, vis. WordSmith Tools, the corpus analysis presents some of the results showing that the linguistic component of terminological units can be traced through the technique of keyword and word clusters. In Addition, the cognitive component of terminological units was possible to investigate through the concept of semantic preference, one of the key concepts in corpus linguistics built from the analysis of collocation. Therefore, it can be concluded that a corpus-based approach to study terminology is considered to offer several benefits, especially to the activity concerned with the compilation, description, processing and presenting terms in a more reliable and efficient way. It may also provide an alternative method for creating glossary and for translators to resolve terminological problems.

Abstrak: Asmara lan Kuwadjiban is a Javanese novel published in 1962, containing the moral values of love and loyalty. Doctor Sudibja is very loving and loyal to Salindri since childhood. Sudibja physician's inner struggle was built by the narrator through the emergence of Sudjana figures who were mated with Salindri. How a duty as a doctor can go hand in hand with love in the Javanese view becomes the subject of the novel. The study of this novel uses descriptive analysis method, by explaining the elements in literature in detail and in depth. The objective approach that focuses on the literary works and structural theory developed by Burhan Nurgiyantoro is used to analyze the elements that make up the structure of literary works in this novel. The elements discussed in this study are characterizations, plots, backgrounds, themes, and morals.

Dialect is an identity of a speaker of a given language because based on the dialect, one can know and recognize from which part of the world the speakers are from. A dialect could be regarded as an identity because it has their own characteristics. Not only found in speech and conversation, a dialect can also be found in Netspeak, a language of the Internet, especially in social media. This paper presents our research on the dialect of Javanese in social media. In written language, especially in language of the Internet, a dialect can be recognized from the characteristic of phonetic, morphology, and words. For example, taktuku and tektuku are used by Javanese speakers. Taktuku shows the dialect of East Java and the Solo dialect, while tektuku shows the Banyumas dialect. Both examples show different dialects of Javanese based on their grapheme transcription. This case will be discussed with data in the form of nine conversations of the Javanese group on instant messenger Line and WhatsApp.

This article examines the concept of nrima behavior in the text of Jaka Prucul PBA 204, which is a collection of Library Museum Sonobudoyo Yogyakarta. The text was written in 1865. The text is about the journey of life of Jaka Prucul who seeks wealth with all kinds of work, including rice field work, housekeeping assistant, herding goats and cows, making straps, weaving, even stealing and robbing. The analysis of the study in this article uses interpretive and qualitative methods with objective shortcuts. In the text teaches moral values of behavior to the people of Java. In connection with the purpose of life in the world and the hereafter, Jaka Prucul always begs the work of Jesus Christ. Jaka Prucul does all kinds of work with a happy heart and never complains. The nature of acceptance is taught in Javanese culture to the community ie nrima ing pandum. The benefits of this study are expected to provide an overview of the attitude of nrima, and can add reference to research literary works of Java. The results of the study conclude that the elements of nrima attitudes are contained in the Jaka Prucul text which is still relevant today. One of the contributions to local genius is the nrima behavior depicted in Jaka Prucul's text.

This article is a research of Tatakrama Têmbung Kadhaton text. This research uses translation of Tatakrama Têmbung Kadhaton text as a data source. Text Tatakrama Têmbung Kadhaton contains the rules of abdidalêm manners in the Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat. Broadly speaking, the rules of manners in the Tatakrama Têmbung Kadhaton text contain the manners that include the use of kêdhaton language, the way of behaving and the way of dressing abdidalêm. This study aims to explain the didactic values contained in the text Tatakrama Têmbung Kadhaton. The method used in this research is the method of interpretation of text with descriptive explanation. The result of this research is a review of the text of Tatakrama Têmbung Kadhaton which contains didactic values embodied in the behavior of manners.

Serat Jayengbaya constituted the first work written by R. Ng. Ranggawarsita around the year 1830. Serat Jayengbaya is a narrative text written in macapat Asmaradana poetic meters. It tells the story of Jayengbaya, who was daydreaming of taking on 47 different choices in life. This research tries to study the narrative structure of the text in order to determine the textual theme of Serat Jayengbaya, which is then supplemented by the concept of introspection taught by Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. This research applies the structural theory written by Burhan Nurgiyantoro in his book Teori Pengkajian Fiksi (2015), with analytical descriptive method. Through the analysis of narrative structure, it was found that the theme of Serat Jayengbaya is a journey to discover one's self-identity. The theme was conveyed through narrative elements that build a cohered narrative text system.

As a media, Instagram has been mainly used to share moments with others, by posting their photos or activities. However, a new tendency occurs that were Instagram is also used as a media to share something brand new like quotes, which are delivered by arranging the words. This is also the case with Javanese quotes, which are also popular to share through Instagram. With this phenomenon, it is fair to say that Instagram could be regarded as a tool for linguistic and cultural conservation or revitalization in the social media era. Quotes are shared through Instagram not as a standalone element, as they are accompanied by the other elements such as captions, translations, meaning representations, hashtags, and illustrations that are included to seek responses from followers. This research aims to explain the effects of the supporting elements that accompany Javanese quotes in certain Instagram posts. This objective is achieved by calculating the number of likes for the posts for further analysis using a simple linear regression. From the analysis, some factors that make the Javanese quotes get very significant "Likes" response and become popular in Instagram are revealed.

The aims of this research are to analyse the factors causing interference of Indonesian and English language in the user interface of Javanese-language Facebook. The object of this study is focusing in the words of Javanese language in the user interface Javanese-language Facebook. The data of this study were collected through the glossary of Javanese language from https://www.facebook.com/?sk=trans glossary. The result of this study shows that Javanese language is insufficient to make a new vocabulary in the technology sector. For example, there are a word from English language in the Javanese-language Facebook such as Wi-Fi, selfie, and browser. These example shows that most of the words in the construction are borrowed from other languages because Javanese does not provide the concepts represented by the words in its lexicon. The second one is that the maker of Javanese-language Facebook is not loyal to the first language. For example, there are a lot of Indonesian words in Javanese-language Facebook, such as pengikut, gaya and favorit. In fact, Javanese language already has the concepts to represent those words; they are pandherek, lagehan and kasenengan. Both of them are causing interference in Javanese-language Facebook. Based on that, this research analyses the factors of interference in the user interface of Javanese-language Facebook.

This paper examines lakubrata (vow) and upawasa (fasting) in Javanese religious traditions based on the Tatwa Brata Merapi-Merbabu text. The text is written in "Buda" or Merbabu script and compiled in the Dharma Paŋolih (L 69) manuscript, a collection of the National Library of Jakarta. The methods applied to examine and understand the text are textual criticism and semiotics, as well as a religious approach. The text mentions various types of laku brata and upawāsa, namely: (1) brata haṇapatrahara, (2) brata haŋekadasi, (3) brata ŋupawāsa, (4) brata ŋumbhakarṇna, (5) brata hamaṇḍawa, (6) brata mañcamona, and other braṭa. The conclusions are: (1) in one of the Javanese attitudes, tapa and samādhi are vital elements associated with the practices, (2) lakubrata and upawāsa are generally intended to: (a) maintain physical and spiritual health, (b) maintain harmony with the universe and the Creator, and (c) foster social harmony with fellow human beings, and (3) the Tatwa Brata Merapi-Merbabu text is a document of knowledge that describes Javanese wisdom (kawicakṣanan) and the way of life which refers to the social harmony system of the sixteenth century

This research aims to elaboratethe construction of humor in ludruk. To that end, a ludruk show entitled Goro-goro Kartolo aired by a local TV station in East Java, Jawa Pos Televisi Surabaya (JTV), is used as the source of data. Ludruk shows are known for their unique features, one of which is the humorous contents. Humor in ludruk comes both in verbal and nonverbal form. While verbal humor is constructed by making use of the conversation between ludruk performers; nonverbal humor is delivered through physical motion made by the performers. In this research, however, the analysis is limited only on verbal humor that is constructed through conversations made by ludruk performers. Basically, humor is intentionally constructed to create comical impression. In order to evaluate how humor is constructed, analysis was performedon the compliance and violation of principles of politeness. The analysis shows a predominance of conversations that violate and satisfy the approbation maxim and modesty maxim. It is concluded that the compliance and violation of both maxims are generally achieved through the use of insults and compliments made by performers either to themselvesor toother persons.

TatiekIndrianyPutriSala (hereinafter referred to as TIPS) is a Javanese novel written by Any Asmara which its publisher still had the "guts" to publish during a massive Government seizure of what theyconsidered as cheap romance novels. The novel TIPS was grouped under roman panglipurwuyung type of romance novels. This literary genre was developed in the 1960s up to early 1970s and has the following characteristics; (1) written in a register that is easily understood by the general public, (2) having a narrative that is presented in a simplistic manner, (3) the narrative is generally peppered with sensational erotic events, and (4) the cover of the novel displays an exotic natural realism image. Known as an author from the "pioneer generation," Any Asmara was deemed very productive and had contributed to the thriving development of roman panglipurwuyung. In general, the theme of panglipurwuyung is romance. As a work of a "respectable" poet, does TIPS also follow the tendency of panglipurwuyung to presenta romantic theme? If so, how does TIPS' romantic theme correlate with traditional Javanese norms of romance? To answer these questions, this research applies structural theory in an attempt to correlate the piece to a classical Javanese literary work of SeratCandrarini by R.Ng.Ranggawarsita.

Javanese people have some concept forefather's view that hooked with Islamic Javanese existence. One of the concept is to make their life perfect, that usually called "kasempurnaan urip" or the perfect of life. To reach that concept we need to do some steps according to the religion sciences; through their manners and behaviors. Those rules are used as a reference for Javanese people to reach the concept to get a perfect life that appropriate with Panitikrama's text. The problem of the concept "kesempurnaan urip" that would be discussed in this research, towards the text of Panitikrama. Therefore, the aim of this reseach are to present this text to be understood by the public and give about the behavior and the manner of Javanese people.

Kumpule Balung Pisah novel tells about social life in broken family which finally gather again. Regarding to the title, Kumpule Balung Pisah is a proposition in Javanese language which contains harmony and unity values that rukun agawe santosa, crah agawe bubrah. The goal of this research is to know harmony and unity values in Javanese culture and also to prove a description a family in Java in 1966s. This research was conducted by using structural theory, by opening structural unsure in Kumpule Balung Pisah novel that consists of character-characterized, plot, setting, theme, and message. The used data in this research is Kumpule Balung Pisah novel by A. Saerozi A.M, second publication by Balai Pustaka in 1978. This research used analysis-description that consists of collecting data and the analyis which was followed by giving facts through the text.

This paper discusses the text of Serat Tatacaranipun Tiyang Ngluwari Punagi PBC 17 collection of Library Museum Sonobudoyo Yogyakarta. Mambahas customary law practice in villages in Karaton Surakarta. This study aims to reveal the mystical side of the text of Fiber Tatacaranipun Tiyang Ngluwari Punagi. This manuscript tells Rara Suparti who later renamed RadenRaraSuparmi for being sicks. This research uses interpretative and qualitative method with shortlist objective. The theoretical benefit of this research is to become an information booster for further studies. The practical benefit of this research is in the form of knowledge for the general public to know the mystical events of renaming the Javanese environment. The name renaming is one of the mystical events in the Java environment of the manuscript Serat Tatacaranipun Tiyang Ngluwari Punagi.

This article discussed the text entitled "Nur Muhammad". This text was one of the Islamic-Javanese literary texts that gained Syiah influence, one of the most famous teachings in Persia. This story was very popular, especially among Muslims. The popularity could be seen from the number of manuscripts that appear and narrate the Prophet Muhammad's life and interpreted in various languages. In this text there was a transformation of Javanese-Islamic culture that contains values and teachings. In order for the text contained in this codex to be learned by the society, it is necessary to have study of the manuscript and present it in a text edition. This paper presents the transliteration of Nur Muhammad's manuscript originated from Java and stored in the National Library of Indonesia. For this purpose, the method of philological research is used.

In Indonesia, the issues of moral degradation happen so often. It happened in many of people real, started from the state officials, until the citizens. In truth, this issue started because people cannot manage their spirituality as a human individual. So related to the issue, a Javanese manuscript which the title is Serat Darma Sejati will be discussed in this article with philology steps and methods. Serat Darma Sejati is Republic of Indonesia National Library's Javanese manuscript collection which registered with KBG 104 as the number of collection code. It's classified into a piwulang type. Serat Darma Sejati text shows many of moral values which it's relate with human's daily life, such as how important to us to fulfill the spiritual necessity. This article provides the Serat Darma Sejati text which has been proceed with transliteration and editing steps, so it can be known by public. Hope this article could be a reading source to comprehend about the moral education.

Communal land in Indonesia often encounter controversy with investment companies including customary land rights of the Kajang tribal communities in Bulukumba. The customary rights issue of land dispute of Kajang tribal communities with PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia has long occurred. Settlement of the protracted debate led to growing problems of social conflict. The purposes of this study are to determine, to review and to describe the process of settling customary rights of land disputes between Kajang tribe communities and PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. This study employs a type of juridical empirics and historical studies of the existence of Kajang tribal and PT. PP London Sumatera to determine the effectiveness of the process of dispute resolution through litigation and non-litigation and the settlement impact which is not comprehensive. Based on the research results, there are deficiencies of the implementation of the Supreme Court decision due to the occurrence of multiple interpretations and several unsuccessful mediations because the mediator is not independent. Inasmuch as the settlement of disputes did not achieve the legal certainty and it leads to social phenomena. It is suggested that when settling the land disputes issue, the people need the independent mediator who knows the ins and outs of community rights of Kajang land and the historical existence of PT. PP London Sumatera correctly and adequately to make a thorough study, involve all elements, and avoid involvement political concern in the settlement process.

Nurul Huda Mosque in Bonebone has a vital role in making Bone Bone Village free from cigarettes. The village is located in South Sulawesi Province, especially in Enrekang District of Baraka, with a population of 474 people. Bone Bone Village successfully makes mosque functions not only as a place to do the rituals of prayers and recite the Holy Al-Quran but becomes the centre of social change and the creation of a new culture of the village without cigarette. This suggests that a social change that leads to the improvement of the quality of life can be realized by optimizing the role of the mosque to unify the vision of building a village without cigarette. There is an essential role of mosques in the transformation of behavior that has brought the lives of the villagers as a healthy and prosperous village without cigarettes: as the primary communication channel, as a forum for building good relationship, and as the central control of the smoking behaviour of both the villagers and newcomers.

Good governance becomes an important point on the post-reforms that willing to have a clean government, free from corruption, collusion and nepotism. Good governance is carried out in every level of government in Indonesia enhanced executive, legislative, and judiciary. The provision of Article 122 letter K and Article 245 of the revision of Law No. 17 of 2014 on National Parliamentary Assembly, House of Representatives, Regional House Council and Regional House Representatives are regarded as contradictory rule to the principle of good governance for the word "degrading" in the Article 122 letter K resulting multiple interpretation, consequently the Indonesian people who are essentially democracy citizens unwilling to put forward their aspirations to their representatives thus of this article is contrary to the principle of participation. Whereas in article 245 expresses the members of parliament who commits a criminal offense and will be examined by investigating agency shall received written approval from the president on the consideration of the Honorary Court Council. In other words this article gives the right of immunity which is contrary to the principle of rule of the law, so that the Democratic System can't be applied and it difficult to achieve the goal of good governance Indonesia.

Procurement of Goods and Services or it can be said in terms of procurement, is a compliance mechanism to the needs of goods and services which generally occurred in the scope of government and within the scope of the Limited Liability Company / State Owned Enterprise / Enterprise, a subsidiary of state enterprises, or companies affiliated with SOEs. The process of implementing the Procurement of Goods and Services is regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 4 of 2015 which regulates the Procurement of Government Services. In the process of Procurement of Goods and Services, covers the process of Planning, Budgeting, Preparation, Documentation, Licensing, and Implementation. Related to the parties in the process of procurement of goods and services including Providers of Goods Services, Users of Goods and Services, and Instrument of Procurement of Goods and Services, in this case is the Procurement Committee, Commitment Officer, Procurement Official and Supervisor of Procurement Implementation. Each party in the procurement of goods and services has their main duties and functions, and in carrying out their main duties and functions, they are required to have careful planning and refer to the applicable procurement rules, and are prohibited from committing criminal acts of corruption, collusion and nepotism that lead to state losses. With the enormous responsibilities and obligations of the implementers of these goods and services, it is certain that the procurement of goods and services can not be underestimated. In this case, besides being demanded by good planning and implementation, it is also required to be careful and careful in implementing the procurement of goods and services, so that if there are errors either administratively or falsely at the time of execution that affect the losses of the state then, the procurement instrument will be the party the most responsible. This research focuses on the form of legal protection against the procurement instrument of goods and services when viewed from the aspect of the implementation of procurement activities both administratively and operationally, as well as addressing various phenomena occurring in the process of procurement involving the instrument of procurement activities of goods and services.

(Abstract) Akad (contract) is a central point of a contract and is the determinant of a contract whether it is valid or not. If a contract is considered valid, then it will lead to the reciprocal relationship of rights and obligations between the parties. In Islamic law, akad is divided into two types, akad tijari (profit oriented) and akad tabarru' (non-profit oriented). In line with the improvement of society's needs and the Islamic economic institutions, a new concept of akad is introduced. A hybrid contract which involves the combination of contract in a transaction becomes one of the alternative options in sharia insurance. This is because there is a minimum requirement of two akad in every single transaction, whether it is bilateral or unilateral, and both are applied together. The aim of this paper is to examine the permissibility of hybrid contract in Shariah insurance in Indonesia. In analyzing the contract, the normative legal research method is applied by using secondary data. The studies showed that the shariah insurance is applying aqad tabarru' and permissible according to Shariah.

The paper analyses the urgency of local wisdom values in the environmental protection and management. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the benefits of local wisdom that live and thrive in the society so that it can serve as a solution to the problems that arise in the environmental protection and management. In the study, the researcher does a juridical-normative analysis with conceptual and statute approaches. The paradigm of developmentalism has driven the development of Indonesia's national economy in tandem with the anthropocentrism paradigm. As a result, the growth that runs solely for the benefit of human regardless the interest of nature. The amendment of article number 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia contains the synergy of national development with the preservation of the environment that comes from the environmental ethics. Local wisdom is explicitly regulated in Law number 32 of 2009 as the noble values prevail in the social custom to protect and manage the environment sustainably. The result of the analysis shows that there is a need for affirmative synergy law enforcement with local wisdom values in its efforts to protect and manage the environment optimally.

According to KPK data, until 2015, there were 12,693 complaints from the public related to corruption in the field of procurement. Of these cases, 142 cases have been updated by the KPK, with almost 1 Billion of state losses. KPK classifies the causes of corruption in the procurement, the procurement that have not or can not be utilized, the use of the budget is not right on target or not in accordance with the allocation and tools of goods and services that are not in accordance with the established plans. Considering the above phenomenon, there appears to be limited ability of criminal law to overcome and eradicate corruption crime. Therefore it is necessary another way (non-penal) in addition to criminal ways (penal) in the prevention and eradication of corruption.To the authors want to know How the effort of the press in the procurement of goods and services by the government? This article is intended to know the press effort in conducting government procurement of goods and services. The plan of corruption in the procurement of goods and services can be minimized or prevented.

The level of compliance of an employer with Law number 13 of 2003 on Manpower is only 30 out of 100 percent of all work relationships between employers and employees. The paradigm used in this study is called "post-positivism". This research is based on the descriptive analysis. This research is a study that combines both normative legal research (doctrinal) and empirical research (non-doctrinal). The data in this study include both primary and secondary data. This problem is caused because the substance of the manpower law does not differentiate between the ability of individual employers, partnerships or legal entity. The redefinition of work relationship regulated by Law number 13 of 2003 on Manpower, has defined 'working relationship' for both formal and informal sectors, and now has become the right choice for raising the level of compliance by businesses.

Eloping (silariang) is an embarrassing event (mappakasiri) among Bugis society, especially among Bugis people in Bone, South Sulawesi. This incident usually leads to a conflict or tension between the two families. Even the family of the girl who felt humiliated (dipakasiri) usually take violent action to the man or his family, to cover up the shame (siri'). But on the other hand, the Bugis people also have an institution of reconciliation or peace over conflict silariang known as maddeceng. Maddeceng which means "repair" is a local wisdom that is quite important because it can be a way of reconciliation between the two families in conflict after the incident silariang. Maddeceng has been quite effective in relieving tensions between the two families. Not only as the momentum of mutual forgiveness, maddecengwas considered to be recovering the family pride and even into the early momentum between two great families to creates a commitment to build a family relationship. Maddeceng as a local wisdom relevant to the principles of Islamic law to realizing the good (maslahat), namely establishing peace, brotherhood and can maintain order in society. Therefore, it important revitalized, not only in the context of marriage law but also for reducing of other conflicts in the society.

The aims of this study are (1) to study, understand, and describe the dimension of local wisdom in the tradition of Thanksgiving and ketupat events; and (2) interpreting the meanings of local wisdom in thanksgiving and celebration of ketupat. The method we used in this study is qualitative with descriptive-qualitative. The research conducted at North Sulawesi. Several techniques were applied for collecting data both primary and secondary data such as the techniques of interview, observation, and documentation studies. The data were analysed qualitatively and descriptively. The results of the analysis in this study are presented objectively narrative way. The result of this study shows that the Thanksgiving and Ketupat becomes a ride for social interaction people of North Sulawesi. Through thanksgiving and Ketupat the community with a background of ethnicity, culture, and religion can interact in awesome harmony in society. Two cultural expressions as part of the local wisdom and culture ride that contribute to fostering religious harmony in North Sulawesi. Both of these traditions can strengthen social cohesion in the community that creates the diversity of social harmony in a plural society in North Sulawesi.

This research discussed the synergy between local wisdom values in term of law enforcement toward juvenile delinquency in Gorontalo. The problems that presented in this research were how was the implementation of restorative justice and cultural value of huyula and pohala'a in overcoming juvenile delinquency in Gorontalo? And how far the synergy between restorative justice, huyula and pohala'a in law enforcement system in Indonesia? The approaches that used in this research were jurisprudence law and socio-cultural, which was analysed in descriptive qualitative with a deductive and comparative method. The result of the research showed that restorative justice concept as a way of law that prioritize criminal problem solving which was involved the victim, criminal actor and society elements in reaching justice both for the victim side and criminal actor side. Restorative justice might be understood as problem-solving which lies out of court. The cultural problem that occurred in Gorontalo society could be overcame by the principle of huyula and pohala'a which could bring to the law enforcement in Indonesia. Gorontalo society by the principle of huyula (mutual assistance spirit) taught their children to well behaved, keep away from the delinquency, and when the delinquency was happening, then society can solve that problem with kinship system. In another side, pohala'a principle is a tough base and a unifying factor of Gorontalo society so they can protect their children from juvenile delinquency. This research implied that every society element (family, school, and society) is demanded in controlling and avoiding the juvenile delinquency by keeping their eyes to the local wisdom which lies in a given community.

This study aims to explore the character and practice of Bugis Sidenreng Rappang community in light of interconnectedness of mystical model of Mabissagalung (paddy harvesting tradition) with maqashid syariah. This qualitative study uses historical, Phenomenological as well as Philosophical in analyzing gathered information both from the informants and literature. The primary and the secondary data were presented descriptively in a narrative way. This study reveals that the tradition of Mabissagalung is part of Attaurioloang tradition which is rich mystical practices and values. In practice, the black rooster and white rooster and some other offerings, for example, coconut, and Panini (turmeric) conducted by Mado (an ethnic leader) represent the mystical belief that such offerings could take over the place of pests residing in the paddy field which could harm the quality of the harvest. The representation of fire, water, earth and wind as the symbol of life is portrayed in the sticky rice's colour. In the Maqashid of sharia which is very emphasized by keeping religion, soul, offspring and keeping the treasure. With the consideration of the five elements of the Maqashid, Mabissagalung is in line with the values undertaken by the farmers in keeping the tradition.

This paper aims to explore the idealism and realism Islamic Law in pangngaderreng culture of Bugis Bone in modern era. The design of this paper is a qualitative research using critical descriptive analysis methods and theological-normative, juridical normative and sociological approach. The finding of this study indicates that there is harmony between Islamic law and pangngaderreng culture. Therefore, Both Islamic law and pangngaderreng culture could not be separated in life of Bugis Bone. It means that idealism of Bugis Bone retain pangngaderreng culture although as system, they are in modern society. However, the realism of pangngaderreng culture in Bugis Bone is realizing them as human being "tau" that is required to speak honestly, do right, be firm in attitude and actions, maintain their relationships and interactions in society, and emphasize the relationship with God. Pangngaderreng culture is custom (ade') and Islamic law in the land of Bugis Bone. In practice, in real life of Bugis Bone, Islamic law was integrated in pangngaderreng culture which has function as social engineering and agent of social change, so that the system is dynamic in the face of any social change and times occur in Bugis Bone society.

This study aims to reveal the religious values of the massempe tradition of Bone society in Sulawesi Selatan. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using phenomenology approach. Observations and interviews were utilized in data collection. The results indicate that massempe tradition of Bone society is a form of gratitude for the harvests that have been obtained. This tradition is done by kicking each other's legs between one participant and another participant who is mediated by two referees. This activity is done without any anger and resentment even though his legs could have been swollen, sprained, and injured because it is considered as entertainment. Its entertainment level is similar to the pleasure when singing or dancing. Despite an entertainment, this tradition teaches the religious values to the younger generation. Among the religious values is to be grateful for the blessings of Allah, sharing the sustenance, and forgiving each other. Finally, this study confirms that the religious values contained in massempe tradition are in line with the concept of panggaderreng of Bugis society as the highest social law in society.

The subject matter of the research is described in several sub-issues: How is the application of the customary legal system of bone Bugis according to Islamic law, How are the differences and similarities between Islamic inheritance law and customary law of Bone adat inheritance. The purpose of this research is to find out how the application of the legal system of customary Bugis Bone according to Islamic law, To know how the difference and equality between Islamic inheritance law and customary law of Bugis Bone. This research uses a qualitative approach, by using observation method, interview and documentation, using data processing technic that is: Data reduction, data display, data verification. The findings of the study revealed that the system of inheritance distribution according to the variety of customary law of Bugis bone: Division of inheritance based on discussion and agreement among their family, division of inheritance based on discussion and consensus by involving the third party, and partly using system division of inheritance based on Islamic Law. Basically, between Islamic law and the Bugis customs' law on inheritance has no different distinction.

This paper investigates one of a well-known phenomenon in Kolono district, South Konawe; the groom has to provide Mahar to the bride before their marriage held. The focus of this investigation is related to delayed Mahar; when the groom only affords partially or it becomes debt. This qualitative descriptive paper with ethnography approach indicates that the delayed Mahar affects the spouses negatively in Kolono. For instance, a divorce often happens in this village. This is due to the head of the family; in this case, the husband has not granted the Mahar even after they have children. One of the traditions in this district is marriage can also be held if the groom has not been able to provide any Mahar to the bride family. The research result on this paper points out that some divorces occurred because of this delayed Mahar which had been settled on by the groom and bride side before the marriage.

Woman trafficking is a kind of fatal action in which women are regarded as goods that can be traded. This writing is aimed at identifying the values of the local wisdom potentially used to minimize and to prevent the activity of women trafficking in West Sumatera. The research is conducted in West Sumatera (Padang, Lima Puluh Kota, Tanah Datar). The data are any information related to Minangkabau local wisdom. To collect the data, an observational method with note-taking, recording, and in-depth interviewing are applied. Referential and pragmatic identity method is used to analyse data related to the concept proposed by Ebe, Das, Oktavianus and Revita. The result of the analysis is descriptively-narratively presented. Having analyzed the data, it is found that there are four values of Minangkabau local wisdom could be used to prevent the activity of women trafficking namely (1) wisdom; (2) togetherness; (3) cooperation; and (4) carefulness.

This study aims to revitalize the economic values of Buginese local wisdom to be a paradigm and models of local economy to develop the people's economy in the rural areas in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study is a library study with the normative and cultural approach, and the data wreas analyzed by using content analysis and inter-text analysis. The result of study showed that Buginese local wisdom which expresses the economic values is called "reso" (achievement motivation). The economic values that can be expressed from the term of "reso" are "Tauhid (Oneness of God)", "Courage", "Hard Work", "Independent", "Respect for time", and the Ethics & Morals". The paradigm that can accommodate these values is a humanist paradigm; then this paradigm is reconstructed to be a new paradigm, called "Buginese Humanist", because it leads to the subjective view grounded in human consciousness, and emphasizes more on human values in conducting economic activities. While the models of local economy which are suitable to be developed from this paradigm, "Buginese Humanist", are "Human Development" and "Growth with Equity".

Nowadays, In the criminal justice system for children in Indonesia, there is a process which has been known as diversion. Diversion is a transfer settlement a criminal case by the child from the court into out of the court. The primary goal of diversion is to achieve peace among the victims of the child abuser, penal mediation, to prevent children from deprivation of liberty, instil a sense of responsibility in children. Before, Indonesia has Juvenile Justice Act Number 03/1997 that revised by the Act Number 11/2012 about The Juvenile Justice System. It began to be useful to apply two years after 2012. So, in 2014, the law enforcement of diversion should be referred to the investigation, the prosecution and in front of the court process. In applying the law number 11/2012, the judicial administrator in a region certainly has obligation to understand the value of life and thrive in a society which is manifested in local wisdom.This research would provide analysis about the applying of diversion in a children cases related to local wisdom in Indonesia, especially in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi. The method of this research used socio-legal with constructivism paradigm of Lincoln and Guba.

Pesantren an embryonic Indonesian Islamic educational institution proved adaptive in developments. It shows that the formulation can be a value uniquely pesantren spirit of Islamic educational institutions. It means that educational institutions who actualise pesantren's core values are possible adaptive to developments and changes. Concrete data shows that Islamic schools are developed - with many variants are the institution that makes the core values of pesantren as the spirit and culture of the organisation. UIN Malang is one example that integration of pesantren and universities proved able to sustain and encourage progress. Therefore, this paper describes what has been done to unearth UIN Malang and turn on the ideal value of our oldest Islamic institution. It is intended to reaffirm our confidence as a Muslim scientist appears logical that is rich with scientific treasures global flavour.

This research was a descriptive qualitative study aiming to describe the values of Islamic education within the tradition of Kokaria community in Wadaga District, located in Muna, a regency of Southeast Sulawesi. The result suggests that Kokaria tradition is one of the indigenous customs that has unique characteristics to educate the teachings of Islam to young Muslims, namely by confinement for four days and four nights or more. In confinement, the participants of Kokaria are educated and taught moral values and ethics to be able to adapt later to the society where they live. The steps of Kokaria ceremonial procession includes Kaghombo (to hide in a closed room), Katoba (to listen to advises) and Linda (to dance). Linda is the last procession performed by the Kokaria participants after going through the process of Kaghombo and Katoba, as a proof of successful completion of Kokaria traditional ceremony. The values of Islamic education in Kokaria tradition comprised the value of faith, honesty, and patience. The Islamic Education in Kokaria tradition is elaborated through examples and advice.

This study aims to assess the characteristics of the formation of a multicultural-based team component in improving the productivity of higher education institutions in Indonesia. This research is essential because it can describe dynamic team characteristics in the form of interconnected tasks among all elements that should be able to build a good cooperation so that the productivity of higher education institutions as a result of the work of a team can reach the expected level. Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kendari has elements of the group of employees and lecturers who have particular characteristics, not only because of differences in ability or gender and age but also derived from the flow of culture of groups, as well as different ethnic groups. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by using approach of management science and cultural study. The results of this study provide a description that in the formation of team characteristics of IAIN Kendari, it considers various things other than factors or aspects of ability/expertise. The elements or dimensions are genders, age, team/group of ideology, and ethnic. The most exciting aspect is the ethnic group. As a heterogeneous society, each team member has local wisdom values that can be internalised into work behaviour as a team member to increase the productivity of the institution. The potential of local wisdom empirically has contributed significantly to institutional productivity.

The objective of this study is to enhance students' learning outcome through the implementation of cooperative learning method (NHT) in social studies at fourth grade of primary school. The procedure of this study consists of four steps: plan, design implementation, observation/evaluation and reflection. This study is undertaken in two cycles consisting two meetings respectively. Natural resources and the map of them are the material discussed in the first and second meeting of the first cycle, while the utilization of natural resources and effort to conserve them is the second cycles' material. The study found that there has been an improvement in students learning result after each cycle is conducted. In the first cycle, 19 or 63.33% of students with 69.66 score on average has achieved KKM (a minimum required standard score) while the second cycle showed that the KKM had been gained by 26 or 86.66% of students with 88.6 scores on average. Besides, both teacher and activities designed saw an improvement when both cycles had been held. Therefore, it is assumed that the implementation of cooperative learning (NHT) is able to boost students' learning outcome in social studies subject at fourth grade of elementary school level.

As in most of secondary schools in Indonesia tend to focus on words list in vocabulary lesson which is easily forgotten by learners, providing retrieval opportunity to strengthen their memory about words can be effective since the retrieval is one of the psychological processes to make the students remember the words. Accordingly, providing retrieval opportunity during vocabulary learning is encouraged in this essay. After reviewing some literature related to retrieval process, repetition is one effective way to promote retrieval process. Since repeated encounters of the words facilitate the students to access the words-related information in their mind, repetition activity will be the effective solution for this context. The spaced repetition as proposed by Baddley (1990) can be appropriate for this context since learners will not be bored about the repetition. This idea is then developed by providing students with Southeast Sulawesi folklore as the reading material in order to obtain target words. It is believed that this kind of reading material can enhance the students' active engagement in the classroom as well.

There are many types of research about environmental education that had been conducted, but more information about the strategy of Islamic education in shaping the character of environmental awareness is still limited. This study aims to analyze the environmental education strategy that was developed by Senior High school 4 Kendari in shaping the character of environmental care. This study uses a qualitative approach. The subjects are selected by purposive sampling technique, consisted of the key and the secondary informant. The data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The analysis of the validity of the data is through triangulation techniques and resources. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of environmental education that conducted by the Senior High School 4 Kendari in shaping the character of environmental awareness is a socialization of environmental education, the environment-based school programs, and cultural awareness development. The implementation of education strategies in schools provides a direct influence on the relationship between students with the environment that led to the values or attitudes to care about the environment that supports the development of environmental awareness character.

The purpose of this study is to know; 1) the learning result of the students of Islamic religion lessons in Indonesia in the implementation of Team Game Tournament (TGT), 2) the learning result of the students of Islamic religion lesson in Thailand in the implementation of Team Game Tournament (TGT), and 3) the difference of students in Indonesia and Thailand in the implementation of Team Game Tournament (TGT). This research uses an experimental method with post-test group design. The research was conducted in Indonesia and Thailand. The sample of research in Indonesia is the students of Senior High School 01 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi province while research sample in Thailand is the student of Khamphee Witaya School of South Thailand Province. The research instrument is a valid and reliable post-test. The test material is faith in the angel of Allah. Data analysis techniques used descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Inferential analysis using three tests is; Normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, homogeneity test using Levine Test, and hypothesis test using t-test at 5% significance level by comparing significance probability value (ρ) with significance level (a) = 0,05 using SPSS-20. The results of this study are: 1) the learning outcomes of the students of Islamic religion in Indonesia by using Team Game Tournament (TGT) is very good with an average score of 90.31, 2) the learning outcomes of Islamic religious lessons in Thailand using Team Game Tournament (TGT ) are is good with an average score of 83.12, and 3) there are differences in student learning outcomes in Islamic religious lessons in Indonesia and Thailand using Team Game Tournament (TGT), the difference is the result of learning in Indonesia is higher than the results of study in Thailand.

The objective of the study is to investigate the language choice in the multilingual classroom. The research questions formulated are: (1) what type of code do the students switch and mix in the multilingual class at Gontor VII Riyadhatul Mujahidin? (2) why do the students switch and mix their language during learning process? The subject consists of 39 students of the 6B class in the academic year 2016-1017. The subject was taken purposively because the students of 6B are frequently using code-switching and code-mixing. Based on the data gained through observation, mostly the student did code-switching in the form of tag and code-switching in the form of inter-sentential. While in the form of code mixing, the students mainly mixed their language into intra-sentential and extra-sentential. The result of interview reveals that the purpose of the students switched and mixed their style is for ease expression, for translation of the new, unfamiliar words and phrases, repetitive function and the last is socializing function. These findings suggest that using code switching and code mixing during learning process brings positive effect for the student performances.

This paper aims to provide language educators with the different way of teaching English. Some aspects of a short story, such as vocabulary, grammar, and moral values could make the learning process entertaining and valuable. This paper will accentuate the tremendous positive impact of using the short story in teaching to promote language acquisition of the students. The article also provides you with some examples of how to use it in teaching, and so teachers will no longer use the short story in teaching only for retelling and learning some new vocabulary. In addition, the paper also presents some challenges which may be faced by ESL/EFL learners when using the short story. For example, the problem of constructing elaborate noun phrases that have been picked up in this paper will help the teacher simplify the complexity of such noun phrases for their students. In a broader context, the teacher may use this paper as a guideline to adjust the teaching material to meet different English proficiency level.

This study emphasizes the reality of guidance the Arabic lesson conducted in Islamic senior high schools, which is one of the identifier lessons that distinguishes Madrasah Aliyah/Islamic senior high schools with the other senior high schools. This study is discussed by using descriptive qualitative approach, through the deep observation and interview, to describe and disclose the reality of guidance that provided on Arabic learning, which has the implications for the weakness of Arabic learning achievement of students in Madrasah Aliyah. Guidance the Arabic learning in Islamic senior high schools have not fully get the maximum attention of the parties concerned. The phenomenon can be seen for example from policy aspect; the regulation to oversee the achievement of learning goals in Arabic indicates a lack of seriousness. Some regulations are less favorable, the absence of special supervision on the implementation of Arabic learning, learning time allocation is inadequate and the lack of regular guidance for teachers of Arabic in the form of training workshops etc.Implementation of guidance the Arabic Learning in Madrasah Aliyah is the duty and responsibility of the Ministry of Religion. This guidance is more assigned explicitly to teachers of subjects and Supervisory madrasah in charge, but in fact the guidance has not been done as expected, partly because of the supervisor in charge of implementing the guidance in general recruited not by corresponding to subjects supervised that causing reluctance and lack of confidence in doing their duties. The implications posed is the Arabic teacher did not receive the guidance that can control and help to increase the professionalism in the execution of the task and then make the student achievement of Arabic learning has not demonstrated the encouraging results.

This research aims to examine the values of education in the pemmali culture of Bugis Makassar society. Pemmali known as taboo is a prohibition or parental order used to do something. The prohibition can be a good or bad sign. Pemmali delivered sometimes equipped with an explanation of the effect that inflicted if the offence and some others are not explained. This research used qualitative descriptive and ethnographic approaches. The results showed that pemmali of Bugis Makassar society contain some values of character education, namely: discipline, cleanliness, prenuptial education, hard work, courtesy, empathy, focus, religious education, and health education.

This paper reveals the condition of religious awareness of High School Students in Kendari. Religious awareness is seen in the implementation of religious teachings that leads to the religious understanding of the students. Their religious awareness is measured in three aspects: 1) The relationship of the students with God (prayer and fasting) and the relationships of the students with other students (social interaction) and the relationship between students and themselves (food, drink and clothing and morals). The research data is collected through observation, interview and documentation method. This study indicates that religious awareness of high school students in Kendari is still low. This is due to the low and disproportionate hours of Islamic education in schools compared to the extent of subject matter that must be accepted by the students; 2). Inadequate Islamic educational facilities/infrastructures exist; 3). The professionalism of teachers of Islamic religious education which is still not entirely proper is due to the low level of education of Islamic teachers, 4). The welfare of Islamic religious education teachers is still uneven, so religious teachers are still there whose attention is divided to seek additional income; 5). Islamic education learning method has not varied.

Today, consumer protection issue is not only a national issue, but it also has become an international issue. Indonesia has had the consumer protection law since 1999 which is expected to protect the interests of consumers in an integrative and comprehensive manner and can be applied effectively in the community. After being applicable for more than 17 years, a number of weaknesses were found that the results were less optimal in consumer protection in Indonesia.On the other hand, since 2007, the ASEAN Committee on Consumer Protection (ACCP) has been established, which aims to notify and exchange information, to resolve cross-border consumer issues, and to increase the capacity of ASEAN communities. Finally, the ASEAN countries established a partnership through the integration of economic sectors in a single market in Southeast Asia, called the ASEAN Economic Community. The advances in information and communication technologies are increasingly pushing for the new techniques of trade transactions, which directly or indirectly affect consumers. Consumer protection aspect also becomes one of the parts included in the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 (AEC Blueprint 2025). The paper was a conceptual study that used a qualitative analysis of the future of consumer protection law in Indonesia in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community. The analysis results show that the Indonesian Consumer Protection Law still have some weaknesses in the aspects of substance, structure, and legal culture. UUPK (Consumer Protection Law) as the substance of Indonesian consumer protection law requires revisions considering the AEC Blueprint 2025.

Kelong is one of the oral literature types of Makassar ethnic. Kelong oral literature is presented in various activities of its community, such as expressing a feeling to opposite sex, proposing, etc. Kelong tupanrita is a kelong type in which it contains moral message to be conscious and always obey the God. The data in this paper is from a collection of kelong entitled "Sangkakrupa Kelong Mangkasarak" written by Sahabuddin Nappu. One of the kelong types in the group is kelong tupanrita, which contains moral values. The research results indicate that the moral values are essential for character education. The moral values are devoting to parents, never giving up, working hard, keeping honour, developing empathy, and maintaining the spirit of unity.

This article examines the historical development of pesantren in the land of Bugis, South Sulawesi, especially in Bone. Pesantren is a unique traditional educational institution in Indonesia, and it is also known in some areas in Southeast Asia, including in Aceh (dayah), in Minangkabau (surau), in Java (pesantren), in Malaysia (pondok), and in South Thailand (phono). Pesantren in South Sulawesi was first originated in a mosque in Makassar for Bontoala recitals, initiated by Datok Ri Bandang in the 17th century. While in Bone, it was first in Masjid al-Mujahidin by Fakih Amrullah, the First Kadi of Bone Kingdom. There was a renewal of pesantren, especially after the 1970s. It was previously only for Qur'an and book recitation then adopted to be madrasah system with a classical model and some general lessons were also added along with the preserved traditional system. Based on the background of the establishment, there are three types of pesantren, namely (1) schools with mosque-based, (2) prominent boarding schools, and (3) large boarding schools outside of Bone. The curriculum is divided into two types including salafiyah or traditional boarding school and khalafiyah or modern boarding school.

Some of the factors that causing abuse of alcohol by adolescents are the descendants, families influences, friends influence, ethnicities, and personal issues. Today's teenage problems are complex and worrying. This is indicated by the low knowledge of adolescents about the dangers of alcohol for health. The importance of knowledge about the danger of alcohol for health is needed. Therefore, adolescents need to get enough information to know how dangerous alcohol. Peer group is a method of delivering information through peers that effective to use in adolescents. The study aims to determine the effect of health education with peer group approach toward adolescents' knowledge about the dangers of alcohol for health in the village of Wungkolo, District of South Wawonii, Konawe Islands. The study did not use the Pre-Experiment with the control group. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, with 17 people as the samples. The results of statistical test pair t-test obtained ρ value = 0,000. Based on the results of this study conclude that the health education with peer group approach is effective in providing knowledge to adolescents who consume alcoholic beverages. It is suggested that parents need to monitor the adolescents not to consume alcohol or issue rules concerning the banning of consuming alcohol and the Department of Health providing health education to the adolescents, especially about the dangers of alcohol for health.

This research is motivated by the difference in academic culture between Indonesia and Thailand. Differences in each of the existing academic cultures can have positive and negative impacts so that this research needs to be done to contribute culture in each country especially in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study has two objectives; the first is to know the academic cultures that exist in Indonesia and Thailand, the second goal is to find out whether there are similarities and differences between academic cultures in Indonesia and Thailand. This research uses a qualitative approach. The sample in this study are from two different places, the first sample taking samples in SMAN 01 Kendari of Southeast Sulawesi Province as a sample in Indonesia, and students from Muslim Suksa School region Yala Province of South Thailand as the sample in Thailand. The data is collected through observation, interview and documentation. The results of the study for the first that the academic culture of the school in SMA 01 Kendari include: (1) the reading culture, (2) the writing culture, (3) playing Gadget, (4) provision of memorizing the verses of al-Qur'an. While the academic culture of schools in Muslim Suksa is: (1) teacher teaching culture, (2) the provision of punishment or sledge blow using rattan, (3) touring, (4) cooking skills. The results of the second study indicate that there are similarities and differences between academic cultures of schools in Indonesia and Thailand.

Through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) many countries in the region was agreed to liberalize their financial market and integration. The Commitment is to strengthen economic growth and promote financial stability in ASEAN region. In 2014, ABIF has the plan to achieve more integrated banking market spearheaded by Qualified ASEAN Banks (QABs), with promoting financial development and higher regional economic growth as the priority outcomes. QABs are anchored by the principles that emphasize inclusiveness, transparency, and reciprocity. Based on ABIF, any two ASEAN countries may enter the reciprocity bilateral agreements to provide QABs with greater market access, and operational flexibilities consistent with those of domestic banks in the respective host countries. Indonesia is expecting the reciprocity principle to be enforced under bilateral agreement. This research was conducted by using the normative juridical method with an analytical descriptive approach. The result from this research is a good to go bilateral agreement should consider the current condition, be business friendly, and give priority to the national interest. Reciprocity principle becomes an important element in bilateral agreement to gain the equality of access, treatment, and environment for QABs in host countries.

The purpose of the study aims to find out local wisdom that could enhance and empower the material of religiosity teaching module to create the peace building education that will initiate harmonious and peaceful social life building in Malang. The data collecting process covered questionnaire, in-depth interviews, class observations, focused group discussion in some activities of students in Malang Surya Buana Islamic Boarding School. The results of the study were the fact that local wisdom could enhance and empower the material of religiosity teaching module to create the peace building education that will initiate harmonious and peaceful social life building in Malang.

The strategy can ultimately create students who have a sense of eco-spirituality in interacting with nature. This study aims to assess the development strategy of academic culture and religious in character Ulul Albab producing graduates at the Islamc Higher Education of Indonesia with a case study in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Qualitative research methods was aplied to conduct the research. The results of this study indicated that the strategy of development of academic and religious culture can be built through: 1) Integrating religion and science (science); 2) Integrate College and Ma'had/boarding school; 3) Strengthening orientation Ulul Albab formation; 4) Set a standard of success Bachelor Ulul albab; 5) Establish goals and commitments; 6) Determined always brings everyone; 7) Build a culture of fasting; 8) Open, mutual dialogue and counsel; 9) Oriented similarity and togetherness; 10) proper and strong leadership through a spiritual approach, emotional, intellectual, and social; 11) Develop a culture of writing and researching; and 12) Creating new innovations continuously. Model research findings is the development strategy of academic and religious culture in the Islamic higher education in Indonesia to deliver graduates Ulul character Albab.

Tourism was programmed to increase national income by improving an effective and valuable tourist object. Nowadays, tourism was being organized by both national and local government through incorporation with the third party. Tourism is a wide part of tourist object, tourist, tourism policy, and supporting tourism facilities that all of them should be integrated to build of that effective and valuable Indonesian tourism. Tourism development area should be stipulated on government regulation in their regional urban land use planning. That could be the government guidelines to setting and mapping the tourism policy based on the land use planning. But, tourism development area in Semarang Regency was contradicted to the urban land use planning regulation where happened of a rejection of tourist resort's location permit submission because of unclear and un-related regulation substance. That resort was classified as cultural heritage-based resort according to national Indonesian cultural protection regulation hence it was concluded as tourism supporting facility. The result of the research was public permit issuance at Semarang government had bad public service because of carpe diem problem. The resort had been accused to establish above Semarang urban green space and destructing river bank next to the resort land. According to Semarang Regional Government the resort break the rule of urban land use planning for agriculture land. Besides, there is indication of corrupt mentality among the government apparatus to let the permit by asking any beneficial feedbacks. The way to reform Semarang government was by moral reformation depend on Van Peurseun cultural theory.

Simultaneous Local Election for Local Leaders which was conducted in 2017 has a potency to induce the conflict. Mapping result of some institutions had shown that frequent violence conflict happened in Aceh Pidie, North of Aceh, Central Aceh and South of Aceh. Sabang is not included as one of prone areas based on the conflict mapping result. This contradicts the news that during General Election in 2012 and 2014, violence incidents happened in Kota Sabang such as burning cars, intimidation by using sharp weapons, and stealing the ballot boxes. The research question raised is the tendency of conflict that probably could happen in Kota in 2017. This research uses the qualitative approach by having depth interview with related parties. The data analysis is done using SIPABIO model to map the probability of conflict. Through the SIPABIO (Source, Issue Parties, Attitude, Behavior, Intervention, and Outcome) conflict mapping, this research tries to find out that Sabang also has conflict potency by having repeated election violation cases in the previous elections which provoked the conflicts. Even though it has relatively low conflict potency, prevention effort should be seriously made by the candidates, organizer and election supervisors, police as well as community to maintain peace and security of the election.

The economic crisis further affects those with low incomes. While the most affected are the indigents in rural areas, the poor in urban areas are also not spared. Those in the urban area face a challenging life even though the economic scenario favours those living in the city. The urbanization rate increased rapidly with 63 percent of the population now live in urban areas, while the rate of poverty in urban areas continues to rise as per the cost of living, low income and issues. To further eradicate poverty, the government has implemented several poverty eradication programs in cities, which include welfare assistance and house rental payment. Aid was also given from the government agencies and those in private to eradicate poverty further. Among the agencies involved in combating urban poverty is Ikhtiar Malaysia, Islamic Relief, Poverty Eradication Foundation (YBK), the Selangor Zakat Board (LZS) and so on. Thus, the role and mobilization efforts of the NGOs are significant in aiding and abetting the government to eradicate poverty in Malaysia.

The representative system that Indonesia had established was distinct. The system was manifested as a response of Indonesia's interests and necessities against global challenges. The 1945 Constitution asserted Regional Representative Council, or DPD, as; 1) Strengthening connection between regions, 2) Accomodating regions aspirations and interests, and 3) Improving acceleration of democracy and regional development. DPD has limited roles in legislative system such as legislative, budgeting, advising and supervision. This paper is based on research using normative method. The paper concluded that even though the DPD has limited legislative role, its performance had been supported by the complementary organs such as making advice on draft bill proposed by DPD.

Reproductive health is a condition where a person is considered healthy, not only from the medical perspective but also mentally and socially as a whole person. However, women's reproductive health issue in Indonesia is one complex matter. Controversially, reproductive rights, especially for women, is rarely to be discussed, restricted by a lot of repressive system whether its social or cultural system. Therefore, the government must take responsibilities to facilitate its achievement.

Reproductive health is fundamentally protected by the Law, starting from 1945 Constitution, Law No. 7/1984 on the Ratification of CEDAW, Law No. 39/1999 on Human Rights, and Law No. 11/2005 on the Ratification of ICCPR, and Law No. 61/2014 on Reproductive Health. The research is designed to analyze problems in the implementation of reproductive health policy as a fulfillment strategy of reproductive rights. By using Socio-Legal Research Method, this research focused its subject on adolescent women in Central Java. Therefore, it can be concluded in this paper that the policy did not work well enough for facilitating reproductive health program in Central Java, in which the group that suffered the most is women in adolescent ages, making them susceptible from reproductive ailments.

Islamic banking dispute can be resolved through the two institutions. The first is litigation path or resolution through the court process and the second is the non-litigation path or sharia arbitration institution. Sharia arbitration authority to examine and to decide disputes in sharia banking is based on the contract agreement of the parties. Therefore, the court is not entitled to review and to determine a case of sharia banking if it has been delegated to the arbitration institution based agreement because it is the choice of the parties to resolve disputes. National sharia arbitration board is non-litigation to investigate and to decide sharia economic disputes in Indonesia including sharia banking. This committee was formed along with the development of sharia financial institutions in Indonesia. Since its establishment, the agency has examined and decided about 24 sharia economic disputes. Legally, the national authority of sharia arbitration as a dispute resolution board of sharia banking has not appointed directly by law in Indonesia. Besides, the execution of the decision of the national Islamic juridical arbitration is still ambiguous, that it causes uncertainty in law enforcement.

Indonesia adopted a multi-party system due to the plurality, history and socio-cultural aspect of Indonesian society. In the implementation of the government administration, it turned out that the multi-party system led to less effective government implementation, so there is a need to simplify political parties. A research was conducted to find the ways, by using the legislation and historical approach, as well as qualitative analysis. The result of the research shows that the effort to simplify political party can be done by arranging the design of political institution, to be designed and reorganized, such as Simplification of Political Party as participant of the election and Simplification of Political Party in Parliament for the effective government realization.

Although over a decade, the implementation of Joint Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs and Minister of Home Affairs Number 9 and 8 of 2006 about the establishment of worship houses, but the establishment of worship houses is still problematic because there are buildings that violate the rules resulting in conflicts among religious adherents. This study was the kind of normative law research. The approach used in this study were statute and conceptual. The results of the study indicates that this regulation has specifically regulated the local government authority to maintain religious harmony, to explain the mechanisms for building license of worship houses, and to resolve conflicts. However, this regulation is still being violated by certain religious adherents at the construction process of worship houses. In fact, this regulation has anticipated the problem of worship houses building through forum and court. However, the settlement has not been effectively dealing with the illegal building of worship houses. This is because this regulation is only regulated by the minister level, so it is not strong to pressure administrators of worship houses to obey the law and it becomes the weakness of law enforcement aspects in this regulation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to have higher regulation such as law to maintain religious harmony in Indonesia.

The guidance of a Notary Public shall be conducted by the Honorary Board which is inaugurated by the Minister as stipulated in the Position of Notary Law. After the enactment of Law No. 2 of 2014 on Amendment to Law No. 30 of 2004 on the position of Notary, there are some changes to the provisions that regulate the supervision and guidance done by the Honorary Board. The guidance of a Notary who was previously also the authority of the Honorary Board is now the authority of the Notary Publicity Council. The Honorary Assembly should be more proactive and not only waiting for reports from the public but if there is an indication of a notary committing a direct violation of the investigation and the Code of Ethics formulated by the notary organization itself. It should be obeyed by them, the professions who make it. The institutional independence of the Notary Publicity Council is reflected in the collectivity of its membership which consists of government, notary and academic/expert elements so that there is no domination by one element to other elements in bringing its interests. Membership of this kind is not a partisanship but the Honorary Council should not change its function as the party that protects the notary naughty.

Madani Brotherhood Program (MBP) is a humanitarian program created by Asrun-Musadar Mappasomba to overcome the high level of poverty in Kendari through empowerment, in which one rich family helps one poor family. This paper uses qualitative research methods that can be considered as research strategies that usually emphasise words rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data (Bryman, 2008). The qualitative research process involves important efforts, such as asking questions and procedures, collecting specific data from participants, analyzing data inductively from specific themes to common themes and interpreting the meaning of the data (Creswell, 2013). Results study of Tuwu (2016) showed that the MBP has improved the quality of life of poor families from needy to better condition. Substantially, it is a good and easy program to be carried out by anyone, anytime, and anywhere, because utilizing the potential and local values to actuate it. It is spirituality capital and community asset, which is not only derived from the values of Islam religion, but also from the values of humanity, empathy, sympathy, care, social solidarity, shojin, trust and norms of reciprocity, a culture of mutual help, etc. As a program of poverty alleviation, there is not a little challenge of MBP in its implementation. This paper aims to explain the obstacles and shortcomings of MBP so that it can be reliable not only to alleviate poverty but also to improve the quality of life of poor families in the city of Kendari.

The slum area of Meranti is one of seven slum areas in Pekanbaru City according to Mayor's Decree No. 151/2016 . The method used in determining the potential of infrastructure activity in the slum area of Meranti is by analyzing the secondary data and primary data through the use of questionnaires and interviewed and field observation. The results of the analysis of the space requirements for housing and public service facilities needs is obtained that the potential settlement infrastructure activities is a priority in the arrangement slum area of Meranti is the provision of drinking water, environmental drainage, waste water management, solid waste management and the availability of public open space.

Problem statement: Guidance and counselling local wisdom-based which is trending nowadays had not reach yet to the society in Tolakinese culture particularly in marriage ritual. Purpose: This study's objectives are to describe how the marriage ritual, counselling values and implications of counselling values of Tolakinese culture society, in Kendari city. Method: This study is qualitative and descriptive which set snowball sampling through interviews. Data were analyzed by using domain analysis, taxonomy, and cultural themes. Result: The results showed that the stages of the marriage ceremony as follows: Metiro phase, Mondutudu phase, Melosoako phase, Mondongo Niwule phase, the last step is Imowindahako has loaded with counselling values. Conclusion: Implication of Tolakinese culture is referable as an execution of counselling local wisdom-based to the Tolakinese society especially in Kendari city and generally in the Southeast Sulawesi.

Murabahah Sukuk is one of the prevalent type of sukuk issuances in Malaysia. An IIFM 5th report shows that the issuance of murabahah sukuk as at end of June 2015 is only at 48%. Despite the huge issuance numbers of these sukuk in 2013 that reach up to 75%, the issuance based on this structure of contract has decreased. The reduction is due to several issues such as different ruling inherent from the 'inter-madhabic conflict', the issue of conflict of laws and substance over the form issue. For the purpose of this paper, the issue of differences between AAOIFI ruling and Malaysian ruling inherent from inter-madhabic conflict will be highlighted with regards to the issue of bay' dayn. Under the Malaysian regulations, the structuring, issuance, and investment in murabahah sukuk must comply with the applicable shari'ah principles' and Malaysian laws. This qualitative legal study was carried out to critically examine and analyse the legal and the shari'ah implications in the issuance, structuring, and investment of murabahah sukuk. The findings of this study are aimed at recommending methods to deal with the issues of legal pluralism in the issuance, structuring, and investment of murabahah sukuk specifically focusing on Malaysia jurisdiction. The suggested approach is the pluralist approach through codification of shari'ah law, standardisation, recognition, and validation.

The first takaful company in Indonesia is PT. Takaful Indonesia Company which started in 1994. Based on data from the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, there are currently 55 takaful companies in Indonesia. The act that governing takaful is contained in the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 Year 2014 about insurance. Takaful is also regulated in other regulations such as in the Capital Market Supervisory Regulation, Regulation of the Minister of Finance and Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council. Although the takaful industry started in 1994, there are still many problems with takaful operations in Indonesia. Among the obvious is that there is no specific takaful law, the jurisdiction of the Shari'a Supervisory Board which needs to be improved in terms of its jurisdiction and the independence of Sharia Supervisory Board as the party overseeing the compliance of sharia principles in the takaful industry. The objective of the study is generally to study the regulation of the implementation of syariah compliance requirements in takaful companies. Qualitative research methods are used to analyze library data relating to syariah compliance at takaful companies and to conduct interviews with related parties. Based on that, the study found that takaful regulation in Indonesia has not been detailed in regulating the jurisdiction of the Shariah Supervisory Board as a supervisor of shariah principles in takaful companies. Therefore, this study proposes regulatory improvements that can support compliance with syariah requirements.

The criminal justice system is a criminal law enforcement system consisting of several judiciary institutions which become the supporting sub-subsystem of the whole system. All this time the government bureaucracy organization plays a role as executor of state power in the field of justice. The system approach to judicial administrative mechanisms here considers the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional institutions and other judicial institutions not only as standalone institutions, but each of them as important elements that is closely related to each other. However, the fact shows that Indonesian criminal justice system is not yet integrated. The problem stated in this research is how to create the management of integrated criminal justice system in Indonesia? This research is considered as qualitative research using socio legal research approach aspect. The way data is obtained starts from the process of data collection, data reduction, data presentation to the conclusion by using analysis and data technique validation using triangulation source. The result of this study indicates that the criminal justice system in Indonesia is still not integrated because there is no good coordination among fellow subsystems supporting the criminal justice system, there is still an institutional centric phenomenon or strong sector ego within each subsystem supporting the criminal justice system, the mal-administration in the implementation of the tasks of each subsystem supporting the criminal justice system. Such matters indicate that the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia has not been well managed, thus it has not been able to fulfill the public sense of justice.

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have long been instrumental in developing people's economies and empowering the poor, while the MFI is one approach to tackling poverty, because it can serve as an institution that provides various financial services for productive and consumptive activities for poor families. The purpose of this study to examine and analyze the influence of human capital and capital Structural on the economic performance of savings and loan village in Pekanbaru City. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test statistically hypothesized models, as well as to determine the extent to which the proposed use model was consistent with the sample data. The result of the research shows the variable of human capital and structural capital either partially or simultaneously have a significant positive effect on UEK SP business performance in Pekanbaru City.

This research aims to assess the level of understanding of IAIN Kendari students against the meaning of Surah Al-Nahl verse 125 in implementing demonstrations delivering tradition. This important research is done because it can reveal the level of understanding and application of Al-Nahl verse 125 against the behavior of students in each delivered a demonstration that contains criticism of various institutional policies which they consider contrary to their aspirations. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the approach of the living Koran. The results of this study suggest that (1) the student IAIN Kendari has not fully understanding the stages and the demonstration of ethics contained in the surah Al-Nahl verse 125, (2) Student IAIN Kendari has not realize the importance of behavior in Qur'anic rallied yet, (3) Demonstration is still considered the event conveyed the aspiration freely regardless of the values of ethical communication.

Arnold Toynbee (1889-1975) argued that the civilized world will not collapse by conquest from without, but by moral decay from within. The destruction of modern civilization is caused by the removal of nature, the decline of humanity, the moral decadence, and the loss of the relationship between man, nature and God. The history of religions proves that religion is the soul of man, is an effective therapy for people with the crisis of modernity. This paper is to analyze the local wisdom of Islamic music art Mafia Shalawat from Ponorogo Regency East Java Indonesia. Mafia Shalawat as a community of Islamic music art proved able to compete in the entertainment industry in Indonesia and expanded extensively in the surrounding district, even has appeared in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Mafia Shalawat presents musical art, Sufi dance, religious songs, mass healing, and Islamic da'wah to serve the spiritual needs of the community through collaboration with ulama, government, faith-based organizations, and marginalized communities. Through populist religioustrends, Mafia Shalawat proved able to be an alternative solution for internal-external religious conflict, the crisis of modernity both physiological, safety, social, self-esteem and self-actualization. The Mafia Shalawat is also used as a medium of da'wah of Nahdlatul' Ulama; the most massive Islamic religious organization in Indonesia. It means of inculcating the values of Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah as the antithesis of puritan Wahhabism that tends to inspire fanaticism, fundamentalism, exclusivism, intolerance, militancy and mass radicalization (Islamo-Fascist).

Tarekat and Islam Nusantara like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated. Spirit of Islam Nusantara, among others, presents in the form of tarekat practice that displays the spirit of peaceful Sufism and preserves the tradition. This article embodies the Qadiriyah tarekat contribution in preservation Islam Nusantara tradition at Palu city. The urgency of this study appears in the effort to bring the religious ideas of tolerance and grace through the spirit of the tarekat, especially in the midst of radicalism in the name of religion. This research is a field research using the analytical approach to the history and structural theory. The results showed that the distribution of the Qadiriyah tarekat in Indonesia and especially in Palu city heavily influenced by the strategic position of the elite societies that embrace and practice the Qadiriyah tarekat in everyday life. The form of the tarekat contributions in common nuanced religious practices of Islam Nusantara atPalu city seen in the tradition of zikir, tahlilan and talqin mayyit in society.

One of the reasons of the failure of court mediation is caused by mediators who have not succeeded in resolving civil disputes through mediation. Even the existence of Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts has not been able to increase the success rate of dispute settlement through court mediation. Data from previous research results in Batusangkar District Court show a success rate of mediation of 8, 05%. Based on the analysis, one of the causes of failure is based on the character of the mediator. The purpose of this study is to find the repositioning of court mediation models in the justice civil disputes resolution. Theories used include Robert B. Seidmen Theory, Theory of Christopher W. Moore and the Concept of Effectiveness of Law Enforcement according to Soerjono Soekanto. This research is socio-legal research, using qualitative analysis and philosophical and sociological approach. Data used both secondary data and primary data. Secondary data from research result at Batusangkar District Court. Primary data obtained from Denpasar District Court, Semarang District Court and Supreme Court. The result of this research is that the repositioning of court mediation model in solving civil disputes that is justice is the process of settling disputes outside the trial process becoming part of compulsory administrative requirements. Mediation carried out at the time of fulfillment of these administrative requirements may be made by the Judge Mediator and the Non-Judge Mediator. The repositioning of the mediation model is important to do because the character of the decision maker, in this case the judge with the character of the parties and cultural factors also influence the degree of success of mediation in court.

Predatory pricingor also known as destroyer pricing is a practice of selling products with a very low price with the intention of shutting down business competitors from the market, creating obstacles for new competitors from entering the relevant market. In many countries, including Indonesia, predatory pricingis prohibited, and considered as practices that obstruct competition and is illegal. However, it is difficult to prove that the decreasing price is correlated with predatory pricing. Currently, there is a very sharp competition in the telecommunication business in Indonesia. There is a cheap tariff war among business practitioners. However, it is still considered as reasonable and not to the extent of predatory pricing. In the future, it is time to do some supervision so that the telecommunication operator's advertisement is expected to be proper, open, and can be accounted for. This study is a descriptive research which intends to provide as much detail as possible about humans, circumstances, other symptoms.The method used in collecting data is by conducting a surveyon some advertisements of telecommunication operator

Leadership is a key role in current local politics issue in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. Law no. 6 of 2014 promotes village to provide optimal service, either through the village official's performance or its rules supporting the rural development process. This study aims to observe whether there are effects to structural dimension, rational dimension, and cognitive dimension of social capital to the village official's performance in Central Java. This study using questionnaire by 95 people from 1550 village official obtained from Slovin's formula with 10% standard error spread across four sub-district in Central Java. The method used in this study involved questionnaire, documentation, observation and interview. The conclusion in this study is addressed to the village officials to optimize their social capital, especially structural, rational and cognitive dimension which are strategic to improve individual performance of village officials.

Natural resource management in Indonesia could have a positive impact on national development for the welfare of the people, namely through the institutional territory of folk mining. The institutional area on folk mining is the basic for a folk mining permit. It means without permission it is banned to conduct the folk mining. The Institutional area on folk mining is inseparable with the provisions of the Local Government. This study is aimed at answering issue about changes in the authority distribution would have a significant impact on the pattern of permission folk mining in the area in Indonesia. Since the issuance of the first permission of extraction under the district/city authority, it now becomes a provincial jurisdiction where it is an institutional territory which determines the fate of the folks by the Central Government. It is influenced by the institutions in the determination area of folk extraction; which causes this Act to become Mine Regulation. That is under the authority of district/city, now a provincial jurisdiction where the territory of folk mining determination becomes the authority of central government. This study used a socio-legal approach. With this method, the law will not be seen as an autonomous system, but one interacting with other subsystems such as politics, economic, socio-cultural subsystems.

Disputes settlement of financing contract with guaranteed mortgage after the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 93/PUU-X/2012 requires a follow-up of the existing verdict by conducting execution. Execution implies a forced attempt to actualize rights and/or sanctions. Parate execution is a direct confiscation of mortgage without authorization from the court. Based on the phenomenon, the purpose of this research is to seek a common ground between Islamic principles and national law on the concept of parate execution related to mortgage rights on Islamic banking practices and to know parate execution mechanism in the dispute settlement of the financing contract with the guaranteed mortgage on Islamic banking practices. This research is a socio-legal research using qualitative analysis and philosophical and sociological approach. Primary data was obtained from the results of research in 7 (seven) Religious Court and Supreme Court. As for the results of the research, it was found that the point of contact between Islamic principles in some existing rules with the concept of parate execution related to mortgage rights in Islamic banking practices by making a legal finding (istimbad), using the existing Islamic legal basis and complete it with the rules that apply and developing in Indonesia that is not contrary to Islamic Law. The mechanism of execution of guaranteed mortgages is executed by the Shahibul Maal (creditor/sharia bank) without having to perform the fiat execution to a religious court but simply register the arbitral panel decision to the religious court.

The banking sector has facing a new competitor, namely Financial Technology (Fin-tech). Fin-tech itself can be described as an industry composed of companies that use new technology and innovation with available resources in order to compete in the marketplace of traditional financial institutions and intermediaries in the delivery of financial services. In Indonesia, Fin-tech has been widely developed in the past 3 years. Fin-tech is facing a new challenge as a new service for financial consumer which adapts new way of living in modern digital technology era. Basically, Fin-tech is offering three main categories such as payment, personal finance and financing. In financing application there are peer to peer financing, social crowd funding and also loan marketplace. All of this kind application has some issues in legal framework and data protection due to the using of communication technologies such as internet, social networks, Smartphone, massive use of data with the Big Data, connected objects etc. The using of big data and those new technologies have created new opportunities for these sectors, these developments also raise significant data protection concerns. This paper will discuss two legal issues of Fin-tech, the legal aspect and the data protection

Money laundering has developed into a trans-national crime which unsettles international community. The advancement of technology facilitates the money laundering into a transnational crime and high-tech crime. This cross-border crime is a common enemy, since it brings overwhelming and opposite economic consequences among countries in the world. Given the cross-border nature of this crime, the effectiveness of law enforcement in prosecuting the perpetrators or fugitives in other countries is questionable. The customary legal framework between two states in handling such criminal lies in extradition treaty. However, concluding extradition treaty is a difficult task, in particular among countries in Southeast Asia. Moreover, the execution of extradition treaty has always been crammed by obstacles which arose from different interest between requesting and receiving country. In this regard, the need to reconstruct the law enforcement framework and mechanism in eradicating this crime is paramount. In Southeast Asia, strengthening law enforcement among countries in tackling this trans-national crime is imperative, especially in ensuring legal cooperation would enhance the economic development of ASEAN member states in the midst of ASEAN Community. While agreement on the extradition treaty between or amongst Southeast Asia seems difficult to progress, ASEAN member states have agreed on a mutual legal assistance treaty in 2004 (MLA). This study is aimed to show the use of MLA as an alternative instrument to enforce money laundering crime. This research is conducted through a Doctrinal approach to answer money laundering's configuration in Indonesia and ASEAN and the possibility of using MLA as an alternative instrument for the extradition treaty.

One of the major power of a national economic activity is business activity. Any kind of business needs strong entrepreneur. In order to enlarge or expand its strong business, an entrepreneur shall be supported by a health financial asset. The financial necessity of a business can be provided from several sources, namely, conventional financing (banking or credit) and other sources including capital market financing. The capital market financing recently can be accessed only by big scale entrepreneur, i.e. through initial public offering. Prevailing legal and financial requirements (through Initial Public Offering) has made the access to obtain capital market financing is restricted for micro, small and middle scale entrepreneur in Indonesia. Accordingly, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Financial Services Authority) has created some programs to encourage such micro, small, and middle scale business to access the capital market financing. This article based on the research which used normative juridical approach that focuses on secondary data, such as regulations and literature. The purpose of this article is to describe the major legal issues of Initial Public Offering for micro, small, and middle scale business in Indonesia. Further, it will also describe the current legal barrier for such entrepreneur to conduct the Initial Public Offering.

The researcher was interested to take unique, interesting, and safe food packaging of SME as the focus of this research. Thus, the packaging made by SME should fulfill the standards enforced by the law applied in Indonesia, especially East Java Province. This research aims to discover the law regarding the legality of food packaging, mainly the standards of packaging, and to discover the understanding and obedience of SME in applying the law enforcement for the packaging standards for foods produced by SME. The standards of the packaging for SME's products and the guarantee of legal protection to SME products' packaging to achieve the legality of food packaging with requires hygiene, clean production devices, product cleanliness standards, interesting packaging, clean and recyclable packaging and getting standard licenses (MUI/BPOM, P-IRT). This research used analytical and critical ought to be journal article with qualitative research as well qualitative content analysis that emphasizes on role related to socio-cultural change for evaluation research with social research method. The results of this research show food packaging for SME's products can increase the concerns to products safety. Meanwhile, for the government, this research can become the basis of taking on useful policy to develop the potential of SME food, especially the legality of food packaging of SME's products. For academia, this research can be a literature for further research in the same field.

Labor supervision policy is one of the important aspects of labor law enforcement. Through labor supervision, the state is present in an effort to provide legal protection for workers. Along with the passing of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the need to provide legal protection for workers is very important in an era of opening the demands of employment and investment. In the concept of Pancasila state law, labor supervision policy objectives cannot be separated from the country's national objectives based on the ideals of Indonesia and Indonesian law. On the other hand, Indonesia's participation in the AEC would bring consequences compliance with policies along the AEC. This paper analyzes on labor supervision policy in the Indonesian legal system based on Pancasila in order to provide legal protection for workers in an era of global competition. The study of this paper is normative with statute, concept, historical, philosophical, and analysis approach. The results of the analysis show that the policy of labor supervision as stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 Year 2003 and Ministry Labor of the Republic of Indonesia Number 33 Year 2016 still have weaknesses in the aspect of substance, structure, and culture. These weaknesses have implications to the lack of legal protection for workers in the face of global competition.

Good faith is one of the main values that benchmark in determining whether a franchise contract is feasible or not to be implemented. Good faith is a filter based on moral values for the existence of a contract, after the contract is declared to have been valid under the terms of the legal contract as stipulated in Article 1320 Civil Code. A franchise contract in the form of a standard contract is a contract which tends to be one-sided and tends to violate the principle of freedom of contract. Freedom of contract is a basic principle for the establishment of a contract based on the free will of the parties reflected in an agreement. The contract which in its formation is less involving the other party is often declared as take it or leave it contract. This presentation aims to examine the function of the principle of good faith in judging a franchise as standard contract and legal consequences if the principle is violated. Descriptive and normative analysis of the data obtained by using this doctrinal approach becomes an option in the discussion. In conclusion, the consequence of a violation of the principle of good faith is that the agreement is legally null or voidable or can be cancelled.

Micro Finance Institutions as non-bank financial institutions are growing very rapidly in Indonesia. A very large number and scope of business in villages/sub-districts and sub-districts or districts can play a role in an inclusive financial program. The existence of micro finance institutions operation helps to expand employment, improve the welfare, and improve the economy and productivity of the people, especially low-income communities. The problem is how to model the business activities of micro finance institutions in Indonesia. This research will use normative juridical approach method, with analytical descriptive research specification. In an effort to provide financial services, which are intended for low-income communities who do not have access to bank financial institutions, micro finance institutions can bridge the problems of micro business access to capital needed in business development. Micro finance institutions have a different character from the other financial sector businesses, because it is not solely intended for profit. Micro finance institutions business activities can be done with a conventional or sharia model, including loan/financing for micro enterprises for capital needs in business development and management of deposits in an effort to bring awareness to the community's fond of saving. Besides, micro finance institutions can also provide consulting services for the purpose of business development for community empowerment. To provide legal certainty for the micro finance institutions service to the user community, micro finance institutions are regulated in micro finance institutions. Laws, according to the law the micro finance institutions, must be a legal entity of the Cooperative or Limited Liability Company. Fostering, regulating, and supervising and licensing of micro finance institutions are performed by the Financial Services Authority.

The compliance of sufficient, halal and thoyib (safe, quality standard, and nutritive) food needs for Muslim consumers is confirmed as human rights which is pledged by international law, Constitution 1945, Act of Human Rights, Act of Health, Act of Consumers Protection, Act of Food, Act of Halal Product Warranty, and the other regulations. The status of Halal Product for Muslim consumers becomes a sensitive issue since it is related to spiritual life that has a consequence in this life and the afterlife. This consumer protection is shown by the obligation of distribution food permit issued by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) and halal certification issued by LPPOM-MUI. Halal certification significantly affects positively towards the buying interest of Muslim consumers that is allied with the profit addition for business actors. Imported or domestic food distributions, which have no distribution permit and halal certification/non-halal or expired permit alignment, may endanger the consumers' health and life. The business owners that allegedly distributed non-standardized food would be sentenced by administrative charge, civil sanction, and criminal sanction. However, the law enforcement of food consumer protection that appears from the court judgment is not optimal yet. Consequently, there is less guarantee of legal certainty of consumer protection and legal compliance for business actors. Therefore, the optimization of law enforcement of halal and thoyib food consumer protection needs to be done through the following efforts: reformulation of criminal sanctions; improving professionalism and sensitiveness of law enforcement; and increasing community participation.

Yogyakarta Special Region is an area with special autonomy where it has the authority to make policy based on its local wisdoms, specifically the norms of Yogyakarta Kingdom, which gives unique characteristics for this region. However, although this area has special autonomy, Yogyakarta SR must still follow to the applied law in Indonesia and the constitution of the country. Under the policy of mandating the position of Governor and Vice Governor, it can be considered as unconstitutional and departing the constitution of the country. It is because there is a discrimination of gender in the policy. This research was a qualitative research with socio-legal approach. The used data in this research was primary data with direct interview to the interviewees and supported with literatures studies. This research aimed to prove that the policy of mandating the position of Governor and Vice Governor of Yogyakarta SR is gender biased. In reality, a policy must not be discriminative as all citizens have the same opportunities under the law.

Labeling 'halal' is the main consideration when consumers decide to buy and apply products of Wardah. Their decision is based on two circumstances are first, internal factor that shows up Islamic identity and, second, external factor that is related to brand image that is strong made them categorized as fanatic consumers. Collaboration of Islam and modernity can be observed in Wardah's advertisement which choses Paris as the setting. Choosing Paris is not only a form of expansion of the business to go international, but also, furthermore, it triggers open-minded and permissive behavior of Muslim Women toward globalization. Wardah scaffolds beautiful and modern Muslims, but they are still Islamic so that the beautifulness appears as blessed concept by wearing halal make-up. Moreover, Wardah has good quality such as light, no serious effect, and addictive, it also has affordable price for all women including non-muslim women.

In modern law, criminal liability does not only refer to the human being, but also to a corporate. Following the universal law development, corporate criminal liability has been regulated in some Acts in Indonesia and actually there is no legitimate reason for law enforcer not to enforce it. One of the crimes that can involve a corporation is corruption, as stated in Indonesia Act Nr. 31 of 1999 Jo. Act 20 of 2001 regarding the combating of corruption. There is no corporation that be brought by Commission against Corruptions to the court until now. Although it is not entirely true, the incomplete regulations are often blamed by some people for the absence of criminal cases involving corporate taken to the court. They blamed that the corporation's examination as the defendant of the crime in the criminal process of law is still unclear. With the spirit to complete the corporate criminal liability regulation, the Indonesia Supreme Court published its Regulation Nr. 13 of 2016. This Supreme Court Regulation is actually expected to be the guideline of handling procedure for the corporate criminal case for the law enforcer. Unfortunately, there are some notes that can reduce the quality of that regulation.

Management system of Waqf Utilization is one of the important aspects in developing new paradigm of waqf in Indonesia, including the construction and management of commercial building on the waqf land. This article examines the use and management of wakaf land for commercial building development. The method used is normative juridical, with comparative approach to commercial building development on wakaf land in Singapore and Malaysia. There is a need for partnership synergy especially with the business world in the development of waqf land for commercial building development. In relation to the provisions of the Waqf Law, the management of waqf assets must be in accordance with the principles of sharia. This also applies in Financing and Management of commercial building on waqf land. The benefits of managing the waqf land for commercial building development will be channeled to mauquf'alaih (waqf recipients) in accordance with the pledge of waqf.

Zakat (alms-giving) is a model of revenue distribution in Islamic Law. The historical concept of zakat is an Islamic state income. Islamic government collects zakat from wealthy moslem because they are obliged to take at least 2.5 % from their wealth to be donated to the poor. The collected funds of zakat were pooled in baitul maal (state treasury funds). The State then allocates them for mustahiq zakat (the recipient of zakat). Recently, the way moslems pay zakat especially in Indonesia has turned into individual obligatory expense (separated from the state budget). They usually complete zakat payment through traditional amil (zakat collectors) or nationally-registered zakat collecting institutions. It means that zakat is not purely a part of state income. However, the release of Indonesian Law Number 23, 2011 on Zakat Management brings about the discourse of the position of zakat in Indonesian Treasury Funds. It regulates the tax regressive for zakat payment provided that there is a valid receipt from registered amil. Later, the registered amil has to send an annual financial report to Official Zakat Collecting Institution and Indonesian Department for Religious Affairs. This mechanism raises the potency of national income generated from zakat. However, the later obstacle is how to manage zakat based on the principle of accountability and to avoid zakat abuse.

The light decisions (verdict) of the Judges of Regional Corruption Courts to the perpetrators of corruption, both imprisonment and restitution, are not proportional to the amount of loss to the state. In addition, the presence of red-handed catch (OTT) by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) against the judges of the Corruption Criminal Court showed the presence of crucial problems in its formation as a Special court. An examination was conducted on the basis of the main problems: first, the condition of the resources at the Corruption Courts; second, the main problems causing the ineffectiveness of Corruption Courts; three, in relation with the supervision and control of the Corruption Courts in corruption cases in Indonesia. The research method is juridical empirical based on the primary and secondary data related to the subject matter. There are several conclusions from the research results. First, the condition of the Corruption Court's resources must pay attention to the system of recruitment, the judge's control over the formal and material legal sources related to the Corruption Court, and the integrity of the Judge. Second, the main cause of ineffectiveness of the Corruption Court is due to the accumulation of cases, the overworked judges, the difficulties of the prosecutor to present witnesses, and related to the large operational costs of the trial. Third, the supervision and control of the Corruption Court involve free and light decisions, negative behavior, and saving the Judge.

This research aimed to produce a web e-learning (moodle) media intergrated with blended learning method. The objects of this research were the eleventh grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah Al-Amin Kota. This research used ADDIE method (analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluation). The media and the materials were validated by the expert. The data were collected using expert validation sheets, observation, test result, and questionnaire of students and teacher. The result of the research showed that (i) the media used in the learning process was valid2,5 ≤ M < 3,5 or the average score was $\bar{V}=3.1$ and it meant that the media was (ii) the students and the teacher had positive responds to the media (iii) the media were effective to use in learning process, particularly in mathematic learning.

Since 2012, the statistical data of the tax court shows the increasing number of tax dispute. The procedure of Indonesian tax dispute resolution needs more than 36 months to get legal assurance. It is important to solve the problem immediately. The model of cooperation between taxpayer and fiscal is a new trend adopted by many countries. More than two decades, the recent government has changed the tax system through cooperation and encouraged entrepreneurship. OECD has given a notion on the importance of cooperation between taxpayer and tax administration. United Kingdom and Australia, for instance, have been enhancing their relationship with the taxpayer. It has been implemented by those two countries by giving quick tax dispute resolution service through Alternative Dispute Resolution such as mediation. ADR is expected to be able to create a good relationship right after the dispute ended. Indonesia can make the transformation to cooperative paradigm. Indonesia is able to make a legal breakthrough on the tax dispute resolution using ADR. ADR has the chance to control tax dispute resolution in Indonesia through administrative effort, in form of objection. Discussion with the taxpayer, concerning the objection, is expected to provide win-win solution in reaching an agreement regarding the obligation of tax payment.

The global financial services sector is transforming as technology advances. Various types of technology based innovative financial business models or financial technology (fin-tech) are growing rapidly around the world, including Indonesia. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) incorporates the fin-tech progress in its work plan in 2017 in the perspective of financial stability. In Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority has issued the Financial Services Authority Regulation No: 77/FSAR.01/2016 on Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services to provide a legal basis for fin-tech activities, in particular services with peer to peer lending models. In practice, fin-tech in Indonesia is not only used to facilitate lending and borrowing, but also used for other business models, especially start-up business, investment and social activities, which are not included in the scope of lending and borrowing. On the other hand, fin-tech development in Indonesia is expected to contribute to economic development, particularly in facilitating micro, small and medium enterprises to gain access to finance. The advantages of fin-tech include cost efficiency and ease of access to finance, but on the other hand there are some obstacles and risks that potentially arise, such as credit risk, insufficient technology, misuse of funds and user/consumer data and protection of national interests such as money laundering as well as disruption to monetary stability. Therefore, in addition to the need for comprehensive regulation, supervisory aspects by the financial services authorities are urgently needed to make fin-tech a part of the financial services sector.

Notary is a general official who is not paid by the Government, but get honorarium for services provided to his clients. Therefore, the government and the Indonesian Notary Association (INI), as a Notary organization, regulates the Notary's honorarium. Regulation from the government is done by the Notary Law which regulates the maximum limit of honorarium acceptable by the Notary. On the other hand, the rules of the INI are carried out with a Notary Code of Conduct stating that a Notary cannot assign a lower honorarium more than what has been set by the associations. Determination of honorarium by association consists of a letter signed by all members of the association within a region. Nevertheless, there are still many violations committed by Notaries in respect of the determination of honorarium by doing a tariff war. This study aims to find out the reason Notaries commit the tariff warfare violations, as well as provide an ideal implementation of INI's supervision so that tariff war does not occur among Notaries. The research method used is Juridical Empirical with qualitative research.

The results reveal the factors that encourage the Notary to engage in tariff war and violate the agreement determined by the association, in this case INI. These driving factors show that the current supervision from INI has not been able to prevent tariff warfare. Therefore, it is necessary to make changes in the supervision that are more appropriate and can be applied in the Notary circles.

One of the most serious obstacles in tax collection is the resistance of the taxpayer. The large number of taxpayers investing abroad also causes potential loss of state revenues from the tax sector. In fact, many taxpayers are more interested in investing in tax-haven countries. Tax amnesty becomes a policy program in an effort to attract citizens to repatriate and invest in a country. What is the effect of tax amnesty on increasing state revenues and investment growth? What is the tax amnesty policy that can increase state revenues and investment growth? This research is grouped into the realm of socio legal research, namely the study of law, by using the approach of law and social sciences. Tax amnesty is theoretically capable of being used as a means of raising national investment, but it cannot guarantee an increase in investment. Tax amnesty, in order to improve the investment climate in Indonesia, should be supported by the ease of licensing bureaucracy, availability of adequate infrastructure, and conducive political climate. The recommendation that tax amnesty should be in line with the objectives needs to be supported by other policies that encourage increased investment, such as bureaucracy licensing, security assurance, and taxation policies that support investment.

The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the concept of wa'd (agreement) from the perspective of Indonesian contract law, which specifically focus on the type of wa'd, that will create obligations for wa'id (a party who agreed) to fulfill his own agreement, and any legal protection to ma'ud (a party who take the agreement) as well. This is a juridical normative research which focuses on analyzing secondary data. Data will be analyzed and presented descriptively. This research finds that wa'd from the perspective of Indonesian contract law can be defined as a person's statement to do, to give, or not to do something to someone else. Not every agreement will bind a person who agreed. As mentioned in Fatwa of DSN Number 85/DSN-MUI/XII/2012 concerning wa'd, that depend on certain conditions. The only agreement that will bind a person is an agreement that has legal implications. It is a right for the receiver of agreement (ma'ud) and it creates an obligation to a person who made that agreement (wa'id), specifically if that agreement has been received by ma'ud and he met all the requested requirements from wa'id. Legal protection for ma'ud after he met all requested requirements from wa'id may be given both preventively or repressively. Preventively, legal protection has been regulated in Fatwa of DSN and in the agreement itself. While repressively, legal protection is conducted through litigations and non-litigations process on the basis of default or breach of contract.

Indigenous people, along with their traditional rights including communal rights, are recognized and sheltered under article 18B section (2) and article 28I section (3) of 1945 Constitution, Forestry Act, and regional regulation. However, the arrangement still remains sectoral and inconsistent, which does not fully stand for the Indigenous people. This contradiction was revealed in the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 35/PUU-X/2012 on customary forest position provisions in the Forestry Act that was confirmed contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. This juridical fact becomes a foundation for State to provide communal indigenous people's land for investing in natural resources. The used paradigm fact is positioning indigenous people and communal rights, including local wisdom, as the object of development. Consequently, several problems occurred, including: environmental degradation, inequality of structural control, ownership, utilization of land, declining of indigenous people's welfare, and the emergence of conflicts; thus, posing a threat for national stability, security, and integrity. The enforcement of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) will make investment climate more open to increase development which correlates to the improvement of people's welfare, including indigenous people. The recommendations are: 1) Ratification of indigenous people's draft act which expressly and consistently acknowledges and respects the indigenous people and their traditional rights; 2) Obligating local governments to establish local regulations on the treatment of indigenous people and their traditional rights including customary land rights; 3) Identifying, mapping, and establishing customary land rights as indigenous people's rights and issuing certificates of ownership; 4) Mediating partnership between indigenous people's land owner and investor; and 5) Placing indigenous people as the subject of development by implementing free prior informed consent, regulating it in nomenclature constitution, while engaging and enhancing the role of government as mediator and facilitator between indigenous people and investor.

One of the international crimes that recently become a serious problem is terrorism. Terrorism attack is a serious threat to individual, society, country, and international community and it is the enemy of every known religion in the world. Terrorism is not an ordinary crime but it is an extraordinary crime that becomes the common enemy for every human being (Hostis humanis generis). The crimes of terrorism which happened to date have disrupted humanity, security, and order of society and have become serious threat to sovereignty of the nation. Indonesia has also stipulated anti terrorism law in government regulation in lieu laws (Perpu) Number 1 year 2002, which on April 4^th 2003 has been validated as 2003 Act No. 15 about the Elimination of Terrorism. However, the crime of terrorism is still occurring.

The objectives of this research were: (1) to improve the learning outcome; (2) to differentiate the learning outcomes between experimental class and control class, and (3) to investigate the effect of learning motivation on learning outcome. This study was a research and development study (R&D) which consisted of three steps namely (1) Pre-study step; (2) Development step; and (3) Implementation step. The instruments of the study were as follow: (1) Expert assessment; (2) test; (3) student responses; (4) observation; and (5) learning motivation. The results of this study were as follows: (1) Learning process by using the Cavendish Balance of Aids based on Blender Application could improve the learning outcome of the students. The result was 28 students or 30% of the students were in middle category and 12 or 30% students were in high category for experimental class. While in the control class 32 students or 80% students were in middle category, l7 or 17,5% students in low category and 1 student or 2,5% student in high category. (2) There was a significant different between experimental class and control class result because the t calculate score was higher than the t table. (3) There was an effect of learning motivation on learning outcomes.

Money market is a very important component in the financial market, since it's involved the trading of short term borrowing, lending, buying and selling with original maturities of one year or less. One of the importances of the money market is its function to provide financing for business. This paper's main contribution is to give a better understanding from the business law perspective on the money market; and to give a broader analysis on the financial institution including money market in Indonesia for the purpose of corporate financing. Indonesian money market needs to be rearranged to cope with the business needs. The first objective of this paper is to understand the institution of money market in Indonesia in order to cope with the business need for short term financing. The second objectives is how to develop an effective money market operation in Indonesia in order to attract potential investors.

Professionalization of services in all areas is one of the positive impacts of Asian Economic Community (AEC). In the context of developing Islamic financial institutions, professional judges are required to provide legal certainty for consumers and entrepreneurs. This is important, because it is basically an improvement in the quality of Islamic economic law enforcement in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the efforts made by the Supreme Court in enhancing the professionalism of judges on the settlement of Islamic economic disputes. This study is included in doctrinal research, using a philosophical, historical, and critical analytical approach. The results of this study find the continuing efforts of the Supreme Court, especially Badilag, in the technical aspects of handling cases that are standardized through the certification of Islamic economic judges. In addition, the Supreme Court has also strengthened the juridical aspect through the formal renewal of formal law against the Islamic economic disputes on Religious Courts. Clear, fast, and cheap procedures for resolving Islamic economic disputes are urgently needed for the parties. Through standardization and certification made, it is expected to meet the needs of law enforcement in the era of AEC. Therefore, it further enhances customer confidence in Islamic economic institutions in Indonesia.

Factoring can be used by small business, as a client, as the alternative of capital source. The parties in factoring are factor, clients, and customer. Legal connection between factor and client is included in an agreement containing their rights and responsibility. One of the rights of the factor is receiving the payment from the customer. The failure of collection to account receivables from customer can be caused by customers' bankruptcy. If in financing factoring use the clause with recourse; the client is responsible. The aim of this research is to unveil the position of factor and clients in customers' bankruptcy, and to recommend Factoring Agreement Model which protects clients as small business in customers' bankruptcy.

This research used socio legal approach with secondary data of legal or non-legal materials from document review. The legal materials are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. Primary data in this research was obtained by deep interview to informants in Jakarta and Semarang by purposive sampling. The validity of the data was checked using source triangulation which was continued with qualitative analysis.

In this research, the position of factor in customers' bankruptcy acts as concurrent creditor, while clients do not become the creditor due to the ownership of the debts is transferred to factoring company. However, if using clause with recourse as happened in practice, clients are still responsible to the failure of collection because of customers' bankruptcy. It harms the clients. Thus, in the future, there should be a regulation for factoring agreement which can secure small business in the forms of authentic deed containing clause without recourse, the collection of account receivable can be done based on the provision of BW. The existence of third party can become the guarantor. Those party can be coming from government or insurance company. Changes in the agreement should be accepted by both parties.

The existence of competition in business fields demands entrepreneurs to develop strategies to make their company able to compete with other company. One of the ways is by establishing company group in the form of holding company and subsidiary company. In the development of the business, a company will need funding as their capital. This capital will be obtained from internal or external parties resulting debts or account receivable to the creditor. It creates a risk of bad debts in the future. Therefore, creditor will commonly require a guarantee, called as corporate guarantee. In this case, holding company can become a corporate guarantor. Nevertheless, it is still going to create problem to the legal impact of holding company as the guarantor in case if the subsidiaries experience bankruptcy.

This research aims to explore and analyze the legal impact from subsidiary company's bankruptcy to holding company as the corporate guarantor. This research used socio-legal approach. That is to say, this research reviews norms of law by doing literature research to get the secondary data and fields study to obtain the primary data regarding the legal impact of the bankruptcy of subsidiary company to holding company as the guarantor. The methods of collecting the data were by literature studies and interview. The interview was done to the informants, like judge and experts of corporate law and guarantee. The technique of data validity used triangulation of sources or methods. The used theory and concept was for the analysis of loan agreement, bankruptcy, corporate guarantee, and group company.

The existence of online fiduciary guarantee registration in consumer finance will be very efficient. Online legal services surely ease the applicants, notaries, and those who works in the field of law[1]. Nonetheless, online fiduciary registration still has weakness which harms the legal protection of creditor. The main problem is on the Fiduciary Guarantee Certificate, since the certificate is the creditors' evidence as the holder of fiduciary guarantee. There are different interpretations regarding to the validity of the certificate which potentially makes problems. This research aims to discover and analyze the legal effect and legal protection for creditor in online registration of fiduciary guarantee. This research used socio legal approach, with integrate the rule of law, regulation, norm and legal principle research and the implementation of fiduciary guarantee registration online. The result of the research is: the registration of Fiduciary Guarantee is obliged to execute Fiduciary Guarantee. The electronic signs in the online certificate of Fiduciary Guarantee are valid under the law. By registering Fiduciary Guarantee online, the creditor is entitled of legal protection as preferred creditor making them the main priority to the repayment and becomes separatist creditor which does not have influence to the bankruptcy of debtor. The online registration of Fiduciary Guarantee fulfills specialty and publicity principle. The online certificate of Fiduciary Guarantee has executorial title which is equal to court verdict, making the creditor protected due to the bonding to third party and giving guarantee of legal assurance to those involved.

Law enforcement has always been problematic in Indonesia and has been challenging for government agencies, including the enforcement of food safety regulation. Indonesian government has promulgated several regulations on food safety such as Act 18/2012 on Food and Government Regulation No. 28 of 2004 on Food Safety, Quality and Nutrition. Also, the government has established the National Agency for Drug and Food Control to monitor and supervise the food sector. However, food safety offense such as food adulteration is still easily found in almost every area in Indonesia and causing serious illnesses and economic losses. In addressing food safety in Indonesia, this study aims to analyze the difficulties facing to enforce the law and regulations of food safety in Indonesia. This study investigates the factors which negatively influence the attempt to achieve food safety. With library research, the legislation, legal theory, and other secondary data will be analyzed to then crystallized into conclusions as the characteristics of doctrinal research. This study concludes there are two categories of factors affecting the enforcement of food safety law and regulations namely internal and external factors.

National awareness for Halal Certificate is not currently experiencing significant development. Stagnation that occurred in the validation rules on halal assurance in Indonesia is need the national movement that the people of Indonesia should quickly get protection from the government will be the fulfillment of their rights as citizens, focusing on the rules of halal food, drugs and cosmetics that used. Halal awareness is affected by several factors such as halal knowledge with frequent follow halal development or halal exhibition event, or halal training and the like, also the time factor of halal certification process. This paper aims to determine the factors that influence awareness of halal products in society. The conclusions are can be formulated so create awareness of halal that the best solutions can be realized on halal consciousness is by designing a system that is able to formulate basic halal food security for all people so that they feel that products marketed in Indonesia is a product that is guaranteed safe, healthy and halal.

The context of geographical diversity in Indonesia essentially influences development approaches both at national and local levels. The development of social welfare cannot be implemented solely by utilizing quantitative and statistical parameters, but it has to be executed seriously by observing qualitative parameters, i.e. socio-cultural dimensions of indigenous people. Mapping of socio-cultural context in the archipelago communities is necessary to be conducted as a strategic way to construct maritime-based perspective and development paradigm. This article attempts to describe analytically socio-cultural context of archipelago communities in Maluku with their own dynamics as an endeavor to strengthening the significance of anthropological-based development perspective and paradigm reconstructed by the provincial/local government and stakeholders in Maluku.

The Kappaphycus alvarezii or commonly called as cottonii is the most economically seaweed species in Indonesia. Farming of this seaweed is expanding widely as a main livelihood source for coastal communities in South East (SE) Sulawesi. This study was done in Bungin Permai coastal waters for 3 months from April–June 2017. One cycle of 35-day culture trials were conducted to describe the cultivation of micropropagated seedlings of K alvarezii and their daily growth rate (DGR) using long-line farming technique. Cultivation process was started from preparation of materials, tying of seedlings, planting, monitoring, and harvesting. This study found that DGR of K. alvarezii were 4.6%.day^-1, ratio of dried weight: wet weight of the harvested seaweed was 1:6. In addition, epiphytes such as Sargassum polychystum and Hypnea musciformis were also found. This DGR result was comparable with those cultured from other countries. In conclusion, the micropropagated K. alvarezii seedlings can be used to increase seaweed production in Indonesia.

Coastal zone has a number of potentials to develop, including tourism industry, and English mastery is required to support it. Maritime tourism industry needs to be developed to achieve Indonesia's goal as a global maritime axis. English as a universally accepted language plays an important role in promoting tourism. However, not all Indonesian people, including those in coastal zones, speak the language. It is therefore important to promote English education in the areas. This has actually been attempted with the inclusion of English as part of the national curriculum of secondary schools. Questions arise whether English education along the Indonesian coastal zone, particularly along the borders, has satisfactorily achieved its goal. Through questionnaire and observation, this study surveyed the problems of English education in Indonesian coastal areas to give the overview of English language teaching condition in order to give beneficial contribution to English education along Indonesian coastal zone. Based on the problems found in the investigation, some suggestions are made to promote English education along Indonesian coastal zone.

Seaweed farming is widely considered to be a profitable source of income and lucrative livelihood for coastal communities in Indonesia. This paper aims to analyze the income of seaweed farming households in the village of Lemo, Poleang Tenggara sub district, Bombana district, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. This paper also assess perception of farmers and their participation in diversified livelihoods. A formal household survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire covering the patterns of income from seaweed farming, fishing, and other occupations of 64 selected respondents. Results show that all respondents engaged in a combination of seaweed farming and fishing and non-fisheries activities. However, seaweed farming has the highest contribution to household income of all activities. In addition, themajority of seaweed farmer households in Lemo village have incomes below the National Poverty Line due to the low quality of human resources; lack of qualified farming technology, especially qualified seedlings plus lack of access to marketing networks, information and communication. Therefore, some recommendations for improving the seaweed farming methods need to be implemented.

This research was motivated by the policy of putting marine tourism as a superior sector to be developed in West Halmahera Regency. This prompted the Tourism Department to declare the year of 2013 as a tourism year in West Halmahera, but until 2018 it has not reached the target. The purpose of this research was to analyze the implementation of maritime tourism development and its impact. This research was qualitative research. Data collection was done by in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. Informants were obtained by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by triangulation technique with data reduction stage, presentation, verification and conclusion. The analysis showed that the implementation of marine tourism development policy had not been maximized. Tourism infrastructure such as lodging facilities in tourist attractions are still lacking, access roads are damaged, and the transportation facilities are still minimal. On the other hand, the promotion aspect can be said to be successfully seen from the benefit of the increasing income earned by business actors and the society during Jailolo Bay Festival implementation. Based on these findings, the recommendations that can be given are: (1). Conducting an assessment of supporting facilities that are more focused on marine tourism activities by increasing the budget allocation for infrastructure development, (2). Management of tourism development policy management which must be in the context of Halmahera. (3). Increasing the training and participation of society and business actors in developing marine tourism.

As a maritime country, Indonesia also faces global warming effects i.e. sea levels rising and extreme weather changes. Both those situations directly affect economic conditions of the coastal communities who generally work as fishers. Thus, the fisher has to develop a new method to manage and sustain their livelihood. This paper then tries to review a self-reporting concept from the social-accounting field and make some adjustment for it by using discourse analysis and analogical-construction method, in order to make a self-reporting concept becomes applicable for sustaining the livelihood of Indonesia coastal societies. In brief, this article indicates five keys of livelihood accounts: natural, human, social, financial and physical assets, and two accounts of external forces that affect the livelihood of fishers: institutions, and vulnerability. All of these accounts have to be used by the fishers in their self-reporting and life-managing for getting a sustainable life in the coastal area.

The concept of Global Maritime Fulcrum has changed the national strategy to redevelop Indonesian maritime power, including the strategy of Indonesian Higher Education Institutions in preparing their graduates to enter the labour market. Learners as the centre of the competency development process should proactively take self-responsibility (SR) by participating in competency-enhancing activities to possess not only technical skills but also competencies related to knowledge, attitudes and non-technical skills. The purpose of this paper was to describe the concept of self-responsibility from the perspective of student and alumni of Australian Maritime Engineering Schools in their process to develop employability competency. Data were collected from 1056 participants through a web-based self-report questionnaire. The quantitative analyses have suggested that the participants highly appreciated the importance of SR. By internalized their extrinsic motivations into positive behaviours, students with a high level of SR tend to an effective capacity for managing their personal competency development. In addition, a self-responsible learner also has developed self-awareness of his/her contribution to the development process. Therefore, the SR practice that appears to be best developed in development environments that could help learners to possess a series of competencies that they will confront in their real-life situation. This study has the potential to enrich the development of maritime engineering education in Indonesia by suggesting that Indonesian students need to modify their cognitive structure and develop the capability to reconstruct their development environment.

This study aims to improve the skill of reading and processing marine products as maritime areas in Majene Regency through the implementation of literacy through seafood packaging products on the maritimesector, especially on the potential of processing marine materials. The study conducted at the ABCD Community Learning Center by using an action research approach. Based on theaspect of literacy education, the results of the study indicate a significant increase in reading ability to study citizens. Performance indicators in the last cycle show the truth of reading 100% learners are in good category and reading speed of 97.50% learners are in good category. Also, performance indicators for life skills programs show an increase from cycle to cycle. In the last period, all the prescribed recipes had flavors in the excellent category, 88,5% had colors and shapes in both types,and 76.7% had anexcellentcategory.

This research aims to analyze the strategy of increasing economic growth of the maritime sector through the influence of maritime tourism, capture fisheries, and sea freight companies on economic growth (Gross Regional Domestic Product) in South Sulawesi Province from 2006 to 2015. The model analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression which includes the use of F-test, t-test, and test of coefficient of determination (R squared). Our findings confirm that marine tourism and capture fisheries variables significant affected economic growth, whereas sea freight company variable had no significant effect. The simultaneous test shows that there is a significant relationship between marine tourism, capture fisheries, and sea freight companies on economic growth. Our study also indentifies the R squared to be 0.982, indicating that the independent variables can explain up to 98.2% of the effects on economic growth. The policy strategy adopted by the Provincial Government of South Sulawesi to increase economic growth of the maritime sector included the development of the marine industry, specifically in sea freight companies.

This research was conducted in Kuala Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi, with a qualitative approach. It aims to identify Suku Duano's local wisdom towards environmental conservation in Tanjung Jabung Barat. The results showed that they had the local wisdom on the preservation of the marine environment such as, using a simple catching tool that more effective to catch specific fish and do not damage the marine ecosystem, using palm leaves to catch fish and used a board called papantungka to catch the clam. Suku Duano had special knowledge about specific areas of marine products in which way they knew when and where the right place for fishing. They had special ceremony after fishing as a form of gratitude to The God. This local wisdom has guided the tribe member to avail the resources wisely and not excessively. But recently, this local wisdom has decreased because of modernization

This paper aims to explain the impact of Wind Power Plant industry's existence on the livelihoods of communities around the mine from the farmers into entrepreneurs. The study was conducted using a case study approach on five local informants who became businessmen. Data collection was done with in-depth interviews and observations. Data analysis was done during the research with reduction technique, categorization, analysis, and interpretation.

Damage to the environment has taught us about the impacts of environmental changes that occur due to human behaviour. The school has a role to help students understand the impact of human behaviour toward nature and the environment. The formation of the characters care for the environment has been widely examined, but the formation of the characters care for the environment through learning Islamic education is still limited. This research was carried out at SMAN 4 Kendari using a qualitative approach. The subject was chosen by purposive sampling technique, which consists of the principal, teachers, students and the community surrounding the school. Data collection was done through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the validity of the data using triangulation techniques and sources. The results showed that the characters care for the environment that is formed through the learning of Islamic education that is creative, discipline, responsibility, and cooperation in the management of the environment. Attitudes and behaviours that are formed through Islamic education have formed an ethics of environment as well as provide direct influence on students in interaction with the environment, and can be an example of environmental education learning at school.

After the campaign, the candidates had chosen did the programs for Jakarta as a place where they want to be. Anies Baswedan got believes from society so they are won the voters. The objective of this study is to reveal what Anies's purpose in his speech. This study helps politician and linguist to analyze and to understand the purpose lexical choice "pribumi" on Anies Baswedaan's speech. It seems many netizens showing disagree to Anies statement that switch many discussion or debate regarding on it. This study applies content analysis in qualitative approach. The data taken from YouTube as a main data collection. The data consists of Anies speech campaign video with 22 minutes duration, and stressing on 4.48 minutes where the statement exist. The Speech Act Theory, proposed by John Searle (1969) used to help the analysis of this study. The analysis of the data found that Anies mostly used a representative speech act in his campaign speech. Since the representative speech act deals with the speaker's belief, Anies believes by using it in his speech can rise an emotional bond and gaining trust. The controversy word "pribumi" used only to stress who we really are as Indonesian and not intended to rise a racism campaign on his speech content.

Differences in the types of baits are thought to improve catch from fishing traps, but scientific information, especially on coral reef fish, has not been widely available. Therefore, the objective of this research is to know the amount and composition of the type of catches from fishing traps by using different types of bait on demersal fish. This research was conducted in Ngade waters of Ternate South City through experimental method with three types of bait used as treatment, such as intestines of village chicken, broken white ceramic plate, and rough fish during 16 fishing trips, where the research data were analyzed using a randomized block design. The total catch obtained during the research in 16 trips was 1,390.5 kg, consisting of 8 families, spreading on traps with ceramic plate was 513 kg, with rough fish was 410.4 kg, with village chicken's intestines was 237.6 kg and without baits was 229.5 kg. The highest catch was found in Acanthuridae fish family species with 2,913. 30 kg and fish species from the Labridae family with 2,843.10 kg, with a composition of 16% and which is a major fish species in coral reef ecosystems. While the lowest catch was in Lethrinidae family fish species with 1,544.40 kg, with the composition of 8% which is an important type of economical fish or type of fish consumption. The result of data analysis at F test shows that the feed type treatment with Fcount is 13,017 with the significance value is 0.000 smaller than □ 0.05, so it can be concluded that the treatment with types of baits has significant influence on the catch from fishing traps.

Kakaralamo is one of small islands cluster at Tobelo, North Halmahera, Indonesia. Kakaralamo also a famous local tourist destinations, with white sandy beaches. There was one village there, namely Kakara. It was also an Indigenous village, which steeped in culture of Hibualamo. Moreover, there also a mangrove ecosystem that due to errors in management has been degraded. This research aims to develop the potential of mangrove ecosystems in supporting ecotourism activities on Kakaralamo, seeking to determine the feasibility of the mangrove ecosystem as an ecotourism, and to know perception and participation of the local communities for mangroves ecotourism development on Kakaralamo. We analyze the socio-economic, accessibility, as well as descriptive-qualitative analysis to determine the perception and participation of the community. Based on the results before (part 1), physically Kakaralamo could support Ecotourism, where the calculation of Tourism Feasibility Index (TFI) based on the identification of seven parameters at three stations, reached 90%. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of percepti on and public participation related to tourism development on the island mangrove Kakaralamo showed positive results reached 63.78%, which means that the public supports such efforts. Seven directions and development strategies formulated for it. There are (1)encourage regional governments to make detailed spatial plan of coastal and small islands in North Halmahera, (2)improve the quality of human resources to manage the potential of mangrove ecotourism, (3)increasing active participation of the community in community-based management of mangrove ecotourism, (4)socialization of legislation and law enforcement related to the protection of natural resources, including mangroves, (5)protection and rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems and associated biota in it and formulate alternative livelihoods for communities to reduce the rate of destruction of mangrove forests by the community, (6)develop an integrated mangrove ecotourism development plan on Kakaralamo, and (7)conduct information sessions for the community to preserve the mangrove ecosystem.

Tissue culture for forage is a multiplication by improving the quality genetic of forage and adaptation to abiotic stress condition such as salinity stress. In this idea, different levels of salinity tolerance were generated. Multiple shoots as initial explants were isolated from aseptically shoot-tillers in the field, and cultured in vitro. Explants ware inducted into induction calli medium. Explants were transferred to Murashige Skoog (MS) medium, added with 5% coconut water and 2 mgL^-1 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The planted explants were incubated for 21 days. Calli were induced in the proliferation medium with 50 μM CuSO₄ and growth regulators i.e 0.1 mg L^-1 2,4-D, and 2 mg L^-1 BAP for 40 days. Regeneration medium with addition, and growth regulator 0.1 mg L^-1 NAA and 2 mg L^-1 BAP for 30 days. In the medium of proliferation and regeneration were added different salinity (NaCl) level. The treatments were 42.5 mM NaCl, 85 mM NaCl, 170 mM NaCl). The percentage of green-spot production, root formation, shoot, complete plantlet, morphologically of calli were recorded. The results indicated that morphologically and physiologically of calli added NaCl concentration (salinity) influenced growth on each treatment of dwarf napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv.Mott)