Table of contents

Geography plays a crucial role in understanding our world. It makes a vital contribution to our knowledge of the rapidly changing environmental and social challenges facing us and how we should tackle them.

Geography is a field of science dedicated to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth. Learning geography will create citizens who are able to understand and do something about some of the major issues and problems including climate change, energy dependence, war and regional conflicts, globalization and international terrorism. Geography provokes and answers questions about the natural and human worlds, using different scales of enquiry to view them from different perspectives. It develops knowledge of places and environments throughout the world, an understanding of maps, and a range of investigative and problem solving skills both inside and outside the classroom. As such, it prepares pupils for adult life and employment.

Geography is a focus within the curriculum for understanding and resolving issues about the environment and sustainable development. It is also an important link between the natural and social sciences. As pupils study geography, they encounter different societies and cultures. This helps them realize how nations rely on each other. It can inspire them to think about their own place in the world, their values, and their rights and responsibilities to other people and the environment. It includes historical and political geography, cultural geography, economic and physical geography, regional science, cartographic methods, remote sensing, spatial analysis, and applications to areas such as land-use planning, development studies, and analyses of specific countries, regions, and resources.

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All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

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Mass movement occurred in upstream in Riam Kanan Watershed due to this area is part of Meratus Mountain. The objective of study is to analyse the vulnerability class of mass movement in the upstream of Riam Kanan Watershed and to analyse the characteristics of the mass movement in the upstream of Riam Kanan Watershed based aspects of morphology and morphogenesis. This study used the survey method, to determine the vulnerability class mass movement using slope maps and vegetation density map. Aspects of morphology and morphogenesis are used to determine the characteristics of mass movement. Aspects of morphology are slope of hill. Aspects of morphogenesis includes soil depth and rock weathering. The research area is dominated by medium and high vulnerability classes i.e. 54,804.47 Ha and 36,546.04 Ha. The mass movement type in the landform of weak eroded of denudation hills, metamorphic rock material (D1) is rotational landslides and rock fall. Rotational landslide has the characteristic of slope > 25°, the soil thickness ranges from 1-2 m and occurring of rock weathering. Rock fall has the characteristic of slope > 45°, about 30 cm of soil thickness, low vegetation density, further weathering.

The types of charting gear being utilized by fisher in Palabuhanratu Bay are improving over time. From the raft lift-nets to the boat charting equipment. According to local authorization in fish gathering or PPI, the number of chart fishing gear in Palabuhanratu Bay is around 500 pieces in 2019. The goals of this study are to analyze the spatial distribution of lift net fishing devices during the dry and rainy months and determine the oceanographic features that are might influencing the spread. Some oceanographic parameters being employed include sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature (SST), water current, water depth, and chlorophyll-a concentration. This study uses images from the Google Earth application to mark the location of the lift net fishing devices. Additional satellite imageries from Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS sensors were applied to generate sea surface salinity, SST, and chlorophyll-a maps. The lift net fishing devices are mostly distributed in shallow water (water depth between 40 to 100 meters). The chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface salinity, SST, and water depth the most significant oceanographic features influencing the number of lift net fishing devices during both seasons (dry and rainy months).

This research was conducted in Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency with the aim of (1) describing the potential of coastal resources in Tejakula District, (2) analyzing the level of potential coastal resources in each coastal village in Tejakula District. This research uses descriptive design. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed the highest potential of biological resources in the form of fish resources, coral reefs and turtles, non-biological resources in the form of salt ponds, artificial resources in the form of boats, and environmental services in the form of marine tourism including (dolphin attraction, snorkeling, and dive). Second, variations in the potential of coastal resources in Tejakula District are grouped into three. The potential of coastal resources with a high category is in Tejakula Village because coastal resources have been fully managed, especially the utilization of tourism potential, coastal resources with moderate potential namely in Bondalem Village, Les Village, and Penuktukan Village because coastal resources are still in management such as developing tourism potential, and coastal resources with low potential are found in Tembok, Sambirenteng, Julah, Sambiran, and Pacung Village because they have not developed tourism potential and only develop fisheries resources.

The phenomenon of climate change influences primary production, food chain interactions, and distribution of fisheries species. Sukabumi Regency, especially Palabuhanratu Bay, is a fishing ground for fish larvae. Fish larvae are an essential phase in supporting the existence of fish resources. The study aims to determine the spatial distribution of fish larvae locations in Palabuhanratu Bay and analyze the relationship between the phenomenon of climate change and fish larvae locations. The variables are rainfall, salinity, sea surface temperature, currents, and tides. The phenomenon of climate change using rainfall data years 2000-2019, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS. Salinity estimation generated from Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS using the Cimandiri Algorithm. The Split-Window Algorithm with the sea surface temperature value. The results found fishing larvae located around the estuary and the beach towards the sea along the Palabuhanratu Bay. The biggest catches from these fish larvae are in Cimandiri estuary and Citepus estuary. This research concluded that rainfall affects the catches of fish larvae because it is directly related to the oceanographic condition of the bay waters.

El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) contributes to the regional climates, such as precipitation and droughts. The objectives of the present work were to: (1) identify the severity index; (2) analyze the correlation of SPI and RDI, and; (3) identify the response of SPI and RDI towards ENSO. SPI and RDI were calculated for time scales (3, 6, and 12 months), and these represented the seasonal and annual drought. The identification of the responses of the drought severity index, based on ENSO, consisted of several thresholds, namely weak, moderate, and strong. The correlational value and RMSE only represented the performance of SPI and RDI on different time scales. The drought severity index would decline along with an increase in the time scales. The strong El Nino phase could be significant to the seasonal and annual drought. In other words, ENSO was impactful on the precipitation and dynamics of drought. Drought periods were due to the moderate and strong El Nino phase, while the weak phase led to a normal condition. For this reason, ENSO could be functioned as an indicator to predict drought.

Water-related disasters, such as floods and drought, continue to occur in the Comal Watershed area because of several reasons such as high growth of land conversion and insufficient policy support. Each type of disaster happens in a particular prone area that can be identified based on certain characteristics. Accordingly, this paper aims to identify the typology of the occurring disaster and subsequently assess the disaster risk reduction efforts that have been implemented by government institutions. Content analysis was applied to further explore the disaster phenomena in the area. Data obtained from various secondary data sources such as mass media and planning documents related to the selected basin. The results of the study show that catastrophic disasters take place in particular natural physical conditions of the river basin. Other than that, disaster risk reduction efforts have been conducted in accordance with the efforts of integrated water resources management.

Due to the increasing demand of grass for feeding the cattle, agroforestry land use was developed in the area of Wanagama I Educational Forest. As a consequence, research on erosion rates at the agroforestry land use is very important, especially by comparing its erosion rate with that of eucalyptus in order to analyse the effectiveness of agroforestry in reducing the erosion rate. The objectives of the study is to determine the erosion rates both at the agroforestry area and eucalyptus plantation and the influence of rainfall to erosion rates at the two areas. The erosion rates were measured by using the small plot 22 x 4 meters established in the field both at the agroforestry and eucalyptus areas. For measuring the rainfall, ombrometer were installed at such sites. Sigma Plot software was applied for multiple regression analysis, to clarify the effect of rainfall depth and intensity on erosion rate. The results of the study showed that the erosion rates on eucalyptus plantation land was 1445.85 kg/ha or 1.45 tons/ha and on agroforestry land was 679.82 kg/ha or 0.68 tons/ha. Rainfall depth and rainfall intensity affect erosion on eucalyptus land with a coefficient of determination of 0.585 and on agroforestry lands of 0.716.

Monitoring inland water quality through remote sensing is an alternative method. Broad remote sensing image coverage has the potential to increase the scope of monitoring. Remote sensing imagery is very suitable for monitoring in the Riam Kanan Reservoir which has a normal water level of 3200 Ha. Community activities for fisheries and tourism have the potential to increase nutrients and water fertility. The impact is in the form of an explosion of algal micro population which has a negative effect on the aquatic ecosystem and the surrounding population. Landsat 8 OLI was used in this study to determine the level of chlorophyll-a content in reservoir waters. Empirical modeling is a method for modeling the distribution of chlorophyll-a content utilizing the results of field measurements. Through this method also can be known which spectral band has an influence in monitoring the chlorophyll-a so that it can be seen the level of water fertility in the Riam Kanan reservoir.

Estuary is an exclusive system and have an important role but also have vulnerabilities that can threaten life in the estuary region, so it is necessary to have knowledge of estuarine boundaries so that conservation can be maintained. This study aims to analyze the boundaries of the Cimandiri Estuary and the Cisadane Estuary based on surface water salinity, and analyze the relationship of estuarine surface water salinity with rainfall, sea surface currents and tides in the Cimandiri Estuary and Cisadane Estuary. The variables used in this study are salinity, rainfall, sea surface currents, and tides. The research method use the Cimandiri Algorithm by processing OLI Landsat 8 Imagery in 2018 and 2019. The results of this study are estuary boundaries divided into 3 estuary boundary classes specifically Mexo-oligohaline (0.5-5 ‰), Mexo-mesohaline (5-18 ‰), and Mexo-polyhaline (18-30 ‰). Cimandiri's salinity value is strongly affected by season, then by tides and last by the currents, it is because the Cimandiri Estuary has a deep waters. Meanwhile in the Cisadane Estuary, the salinity value is strongly influenced by season, then by the currents and tides, and also influenced by freshwater from land, it is because the Cisadane Estuary has a shallow water.

Landslides have a record of deadliest impact in Indonesia during 2015 – 2017. Landslide may be caused by human activities which deteriorate the environment condition such as by reconstructing the landscapes that may reduce the ecological functions. Therefore, mapping the landslide-prone area is necessary as one of the efforts to mitigate the disaster that could be following. The methods used in this study are the landscape metrics with FRAGSTATS 4.2. and Index Storie. Landscape metrics is useful to map the landscape pattern while the Index Storie can be used to map the landslide-prone area, both Indexes then being used for further analysis to determine the relationship between landscape patterns and landslide-prone areas in the study area. Deforestation in the study area is indicated by the values of PD, LPI, and IJI, the Index Storie shows that areas of moderate landslide-prone areas dominate the study area and have specific characteristics that trigger the landslides. A combination of landscape metrics and Index Storie show that the relationship between landscape patterns and landslide-prone areas can be one of the priorities determining tools used for monitoring and planning land cover as an effort to mitigate landslides.

Karstification and soil physical factor in the soil at Jonggrangan Karst zone induces carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration dynamics. This research aimed to measuring soil CO₂ concentration varieties on mixed vegetation area at specific sites of Jonggrangan Karst zone and analyze the relation among soil physical factors with CO₂ concentration. The data were collected between the dry season and rainy season, as well as in different of soil depths at 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm. The data was performed and explained graphically, comparatively, and built upon statistic descriptive. The result shows that the soil moisture has strong relation to CO₂ concentration and shows a proportional trend vertically. The soil organic matter shows an inversely trend to CO₂ concentration. The increase in CO₂ concentration happens during the rainy season and is influenced by land cultivation.

Remote sensing often used in geothermal exploration because it was considered has many advantages. The aim of this research is to extract and analyze the lineament density in the Libungo geothermal area based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Lineament is obtained from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) satellite image data downloaded from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) page. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data processing uses Geomatica aplication to extract the lineament automatically. Extracted lineament is processed using Geographic Information System (GIS) aplication to produce a lineament density map and processed using Rockworks aplication to generate direction. Lineament density maps help identify permeability in the Libungo geothermal area. Based on the results of the extraction and lineament density analysis, it is interpreted that the Libungo geothermal area has a high-density value. High density values are associated with good permeability. A direction that affect lineaments in the Libungo geothermal area are northwest-southeast in the direction of Gorontalo's main geological structure.

Sampang Regency is susceptible to flood which caused by river overflow due to rainfall peak period and rising seawater. Kamoning watershed is one of an area that got annual overflow flood. While the coastal area of Sampang Regency faces rising-seawater flood/high-tide flooding. This research aimed to map the flood susceptibility class in Sampang Regency using a morphological approach. Remote sensing and GIS analysis was used to classify the area into three flood susceptibility classes: high, moderate, and low. After that, the map is verified using hydrostratigraphy analysis using the geoelectric Schlumberger method. Based on the identification, 6 villages in 9 subdistricts located alongside the Kamoning River have a high flood susceptibility owing to river overflow. On the other hand, rising seawater is causing floods in Sreseh Sub-District, Jrengik Sub-District, Pangarengan Sub-District, Sampang Sub-District and Camplong Sub-District in the southern part of Sampang Regency, whereas Banyuates Sub-District, Ketapang Sub-District and Sokobanah Sub-District in the northern part. Consequently, those areas are also classified as high flood susceptibility areas. The hydrostratigraphy analysis showed that the surface of Sampang Regency is mainly composed of clay. With low permeability level (0.0002 m/day), water pools and surface runoff could easily be generated when rain falls.

Peat exists in abundance in many parts of the world, but has low economic value. The presence of active functional groups, in the form of carboxyl and phenolic groups, makes peat an alternative sorbent having high porosity and ion exchange ability. Washing peat soil prior to adsorption has been reported to be effective in increasing its ion exchange capacity. In this study, the effect of peat washing using NaOH on its adsorption capacity for ammonium ions was investigated. The FTIR analysis indicated decreases in -OH absorption at 3300-3600 cm-1, C=O (carboxylate) at 1625 cm-1 and C-O at 1300-1000 cm-1 possibly due to the replacement of H+ by Na+ upon peat washing using NaOH. SEM analyses of peat samples showed a more homogeneous surface morphology upon washing. BET analysis results showed a reduction in surface area, pore size, and pore volume. However, the adsorption study conducted in batch mode indicated that the adsorption capacities of washed and raw peats were 28.08 mg/g and 14.48 mg/g, respectively. It can be concluded that washing peat soil using NaOH solution may alter its surface properties and may be beneficial in improving its adsorption capacity towards ammonium ions in aqueous solution.

Landslides naturally occur to create slope stability, especially in mountainous areas. Disaster management is needed to minimize the impact of losses incurred. Management of landslide is formed based on knowledge of characteristics, types, and processes of disaster occurrence. Map of landslide susceptibility was one of that. This research aims to determine and analyze the type, landslide density based on event control factors, and zonation of susceptibility. The method used was the statistical method of Weight of Evidence (WOE) and field observation. The results showed that Nagari Sungai Batang has a translational and rotational type of landslide with a medium density of landslide and medium susceptibility of landslide. Nagari Tanjung Sani has landslide type rockfall and topple with a high density of landslide and highest susceptibility. Based on these conditions there were some differences in type, the controlling factor, and susceptibility of landslide degree, although they were formed from the same geomorphological process as Caldera shape by Andesit Maninjau Formation.

The tidal flood that hit Pekalongan City had an impact on the surrounding areas. Pekalongan Utara sub-district is the sub-district that has had the worst impact when compared to other sub-districts. There are seven urban villages affected by the tidal flood disaster. This study aims to analyze the impact of the tidal flood disaster that occurred in North Pekalongan District. Data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the impact of the tidal flood disaster that occurred in North Pekalongan District was both direct and indirect. The direct impact of the tidal floods that occurred included damage to parts of houses, furniture, school buildings, school furniture, vehicles, and the vulnerability of public health due to tidal flooding. Meanwhile, the indirect impact caused by the tidal flood disaster that occurred was disruption of the social and economic life of the community in North Pekalongan District.

The Indian Ocean Dipole event in 2019 has caused several drought events in the Cilutung Watershed. The information about the spatial and temporal soil moisture distribution along its changes is needed to identify soil moisture values as a drought factor in the Cilutung Watershed. The Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS data used to get the value of soil moisture based on Soil Moisture Index (SMI) method by applying the triangle method between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This study analyses the spatial patterns of soil moisture and identifies physical characteristics that are forming in the areas with dry and very dry soil moisture values in the Cilutung Watershed during the dry period in 2019. The results showed that in the Cilutung Watershed during the dry month period in 2019, the Soil Moisture Index value would be higher on steep slopes, with the land-use consisting of shrubs, forests and mixed dryland agriculture, with the type of soils, red-yellow podzolic while the Soil Moisture Index value would be lower on the flat slopes, with the land-use consisting of residential land and open land, with the type of soils grumusol. Based on the K-Means grouping analysis method, the areas with dry and very dry soil moisture values in the Cilutung Watershed tends to have physical characteristics of flat slopes, the type of land use such as the settlement, mixed dryland agriculture, open land and rice fields, with the soil types grumusol, latosol and andosol.

The Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) recorded 1,887 soil movement events throughout Indonesia 2015-2016 which resulted in 3224 people. A total of 154 soil movement occurred in West Java was categorized as much compared to other provinces. Disaster mitigation efforts continue to be carried out by the government, one of which is involved in the community to increase awareness of disaster management through the National Program Kampung Siaga Bencana (KSB). People who live in disaster-prone areas are empowered through capacity building and encouraged to establish disaster mitigation infrastructure such as evacuation routes. One of the villages entering the disaster-prone area, namely Alamendah Village in Rancabali District, Bandung Regency. The geographical location of villages in the highlands and massive development has the potential to give birth to a disaster. Therefore, increasing public awareness of disasters in the natural village must be carried out so that disaster mitigation can be applied properly. This research is expected to provide benefits to the public and encourage the formation of Kampung Siaga Bencana, namely the KSB management consisting of administrators and members and existing sections and building networks (work partners) both individually and institutions that have concentration in disaster mitigation activities.

This research was conducted in the tsunami prone area of Parangtritis, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to classify and analyse the distribution of anthropogenic landforms, as preliminary information to identify the potential exposure to tsunami. The method used in this research is descriptive-comparative, i.e. by comparing the variations of anthropogenic landforms typology within the present management zones (core, restricted, supporting zone). For each zone, the type of human intervention were identified with regard to the following classification: industrogenic, urbanogenic, traffic, agrogenic, water management, tourism, and sports. The anthropogenic landforms are then classified into excavation, planation, and accumulation types. The results of the study were presented in the form of tables and maps of anthropogenic landforms in each management zone. Assessment of the level of exposure to tsunami hazard is carried out qualitatively for each anthropogenic landform in the different management zones. This research revealed that type of intervention in each management zone are varied. The supporting zone and restricted zone have the most complex interventions, i.e. industrogenic, urbanogenic, traffic, water management, tourism, and sports. The excavation, planation, and accumulation forms are very diverse, depend on the people activities in each management zone. A particular human activity in the study area has a certain level of exposure to tsunami hazard. It is necessary to consider for reducing the specific risk to tsunami.

Geothermal energy has great potential to provide clean energy so that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to identify the geochemical characteristics of the geothermal fluid in the Hungayono area. Geothermal fluid sampling is performed at two points of manifestation which have the highest temperature. The cation and anion testing of geothermal fluid using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and isotope testing using the Picarro Water Isotope Analyzer. Data analysis using Giggenbach diagrams. Hot spring temperatures are 54 - 60°C. The deposits at the point of manifestation are iron oxide with neutral fluid pH. Based on the results of the analysis of cations, anions, and isotopes, the Hungayono geothermal fluid is a type of chloride fluid that has been mixed with meteoric water. Based on the geothermometer calculation, reservoir temperature is 232-234°C. Hungayono Geothermal is a type of system with moderate to high concentration.

The Cipatujah area is part of the Southern Mountains of West Java which has diverse and unevenly distributed lithology. The lithology that dominates the Cipatujah and surrounding areas originate from the volcanic activities such as lava, volcanic breccias, tuffs, and intrusions. While the sedimentary rocks that compose them are limestone and sandstone rocks. The lithology that dominates the southern region is carbonate sedimentary rocks, which are represented by sandstone units. In the northern part, the lithologies are dominated by deposition results volcanic activity consists of various materials originating from andesitic lava units that extend to the east of the research area, while the volcanic breccia deposited from north to the west of the research area. There is a tuff unit layer above the volcanic breccia to the south. In the eastern area deposited carbonate rock units that form the karst landscape. Lithology characterization and determination of rock units in the Cipatujah area were carried out using image processing techniques from color composite bands from Landsat-8 (OLI) data. Geological analysis using SWIR-2 (7), SWIR-1 (6), and blue (2) composite bands and lithology using near-infrared (5) composites SWIR-1 (6), and SWIR-2 (7) bands. Then the analysis results are examined with geological data from the mapping that has been done before. Approach to band composite analysis by verifying geological data taken directly to help improve the identification and validation of better and more measured lithological distribution.

The study on the potential of springs is urgently needed to support sustainable development in the stratovolcano area. This study was conducted in the junction of Sumbing and Sindoro stratovolcano, to analyze the characteristics of springs which include the pattern of distribution, discharge, and, water quality. The data were collected by employing observation, literature study, and documentation. The data analysed using GIS, statistical and descriptive analysis. The results show that springs patterns are random. The spring discharge in both volcanoes varies between class V to VI. Between the Sumbing and Sindoro there is no difference in the average of discharge, water temperature, DO, and pH, but it is different in the average of TDS and EC. Water temperature has a strong influence on EC in Sumbing but weak in Sindoro. The increase in water temperature has a weak effect on the decrease of DO in both volcanoes. The decrease in spring elevation influences the increase in water temperature, strong in Sumbing but weak in Sindoro. The difference in geomorphological conditions between Sumbing and Sindoro contributes to the variation of the spring's characteristics. Overall, this paper presents new insights to understand the effect of different geomorphological conditions in two adjacent stratovolcanoes on the characteristics of springs.

One of the things that triggered the unrealized government project, namely Gorontalo Outer Ring Road or GORR, is the number of landslide points scattered along the GORR road section, as is the case in the area around GORR, namely Padengo area. This research aims to determine the mechanism of mass wasting in the Padengo area. The method used is the field survey. Data taken in the form of lithology data, geological structure and geomorphology. Field data is then analyzed to determine the mechanism of mass wasting at the research area. The results showed that the lithology of the study area was composed of reef limestone and alluvial. Reef limestone has a yellowish white color, has a massive structure, contains fossils that are exposed to molluscs and corals and is easily dissolved. The geomorphology of the study area is composed of solusional hilly units and lake plain units. In the research area, there are many extension fractures. Based on the lithological, geological structure and geomorphological, it can be concluded that the potential for mass wasting that can occur in the Padengo area is very large. It was known that the main controller for mass wasting is the fractures and the lithology characters in the research area. The type and mechanism of landslides that generally occur in Padengo Village are the Debris Slide type.

The Majalengka Regency considering by The Government of West Java Province is one of the priorities of infrastructure development to sustain the accelerate of development. The conversion function of agricultural land into non-agricultural or industrial will affect land surface temperature, which triggers the urban heat island phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of urban heat island and the assosiation of land cover, building density, and vegetation greenness with land surface temperatures in Majalengka in 2013, 2016, and 2019. Variables used in this study were land cover, vegetation greenness, building density, and land surface temperature obtained from the processing of Landsat Image 8 are validating survey at 98 points selected by random sampling method. The results showed that the phenomenon of urban heat island dominates the north to the Majalengka Regency. The Areas with low land surface temperatures are found in areas with land cover in the form of built land, low greenness, and high building density. The southern of Majalengka Regency of the land surface temperature is getting lower with vegetation land cover, high vegetation greenness, and low building density. Low land surface temperature is associated with high vegetation greenness and low building density while the highest surface temperature is associated with built-up area with high building density. The difference in temperature between 2013-2019 is around 6°C with a reduction in vegetation area around 109 km².

Paddy is the main food crop consumed by most of the Indonesian daily. It is supported by the fact that rice consumption reached up to 1.55 tons in 2018, and Sukabumi Regency is among the five largest rice producer in Indonesia. The goal of this study is to determine the rice crop phenology and estimate rice productivity in one year of the planting season. The rice crop phenology was analyzed by comparing vegetation indices such as NDVI, ARVI, and MSAVI in different temporal situations. Vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 imageries via Google Earth Engine. A rice crop productivity model developed from the statistical relationship between in-situ-based productivity data and vegetation indices applied to estimate productivity per each paddy field at a sub-district level. Also, the estimation will be associated with elevation data. The results of this study are the pattern of the rice crop phenology and the number of harvesting time in one year-planting season. The rice productivity in the Cikakak sub-district estimates at the range between 6.50 to 8.87 tonnes per hectare. Estimation models utilizing NDVI and MSAVI are showing similar results, which averagely at 8.89 and 8.87 tonnes per hectare, respectively. Rice fields with high productivity are mostly located at 250 to 500 meters above sea level.

Karst or limestone is a landscape in the form of unique. Karst or limestone has sensitive properties and is easily dissolved in water so that the karst topography has a subsurface water system in the form of holes that are susceptible to degradation due to the very fast flow of water so that it is easy to pass water underground. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of vulnerability of karst underground water pollution based on remote sensing data and GIS in the Rengel-Tuban Indonesia karst region. This type of research is quantitative research. Data analysis techniques in this study used image interpretation and logistic regression tests. The researched result is known that Remote sensing imagery and GIS as a tool to identify the level of vulnerability of underground water pollution in the karst region. Utilization of remote sensing imagery and GIS is presented as information of vulnerability of underground water pollution, and the study showed that the average area of karst Rengel was classified as vulnerable to pollution. In conclusion that the average area study was classified as vulnerable to pollution, and the Rengel karst hills are in line with local levels of vulnerability and pollution

Estuary zone is a transition zone between river environment and marine environment. The meeting between river and sea in the estuary zone causes a mixture of fresh water that has a low salinity value and sea water that has a high salinity value. The meeting of both causes the value of salinity in the estuary zone to fluctuate. This makes the estuary region inhabited by various biota. This study focused on Cimandiri Estuary, where Cimandiri Estuary is a catching area for eel larvae (Anguilla spp.). Cimandiri Estuary zonation mapping in this study using Sentinel-2 imagery. In addition to mapping the estuary zone, this study also aims to analyze the relationship between the catch of eel fish larvae with the level of salinity in the wet and dry months. Estuary zone mapping is done by applying the Cilamaya Algorithm to the Sentinel-2 image to get the distribution of surface salinity values. In wet months where the amount of rainfall is high, the value of salinity and catch will decrease. But on the contrary in the dry months where rainfall is low, the salinity value and catch of eel fish larvae will increase.

Development of television has gone into terrestrial digital systems that have many advantages over previous (analogue) systems. The nature of radio waves for digital terrestrial television broadcasting that propagates or propagation causes reflection and diffraction due to disturbances or barriers in the form of tall buildings and trees. The purpose of this research is to analyze propagation patterns of digital terrestrial television systems and the effect of physical conditions on the propagation value of digital terrestrial television systems. The variable is land cover, relief, slope direction, distance from transmitter, height, and building height barrier. The method uses spatial analysis within grid analysis and correlation analysis. The results of this study showed that the propagation pattern of digital terrestrial television systems spread randomly to the moderate signal in the central and northeast of East Jakarta city and clustered for a bad signal in the north and northwest areas of East Jakarta city and good signal in the southern region of East Jakarta city. Based on correlation analysis, the propagation pattern of digital terrestrial television systems influenced by the physical condition of the region from variable height and height barriers of buildings.

Subang Regency is the third largest rice producer in West Java. The Total area of Subang 41% is the paddy field. This research aims to determine how the spatial pattern of the paddy field and its relation to altitude using the Sentinel-1A SAR satellite imagery in Subang district. The Sentinel-1A image data used is in January 2018-June 2019. The study used Google Earth Engine to process Sentinel-1A image data. Classification of the harvest and not harvest using the maximum method likelihood. The results of this research show that the calculation of ice production on the paddy field has a value of R2 of 0,58 for low elevation and flat area. The value will be smaller in high elevation and hilly areas. The research found that the Sentinel-1A is better used to calculate rice production in low elevation and flat areas. The research concluded that the lowest elevation and flat areas, which have rice productions higher than rice productions in high elevation and hilly areas with the highest rice production in April-May.

Oikonym is a part of toponym that focus the study on the name given to inhabited place. In the past, availability of data was one of the obstacles in the study of toponym as well as oikonym. Now days, the development of digital mapping and information technology particularly internet enables oikonym data obtained from a variety of sources. This study aimed to explore the typology of housing names as well as the geographical characteristic of the housing location by means of mapping and spatial analysis. Data required for mapping and analysis were obtained via internet therefore referred as online geospatial data sources. Housing names were analyzed based on their generic and specific elements and language of origin used for naming. Spatial analyses i.e., 3D analysis and network analysis were performed to obtain geographical characteristic of the housing location. This study shows, about 57% of housings which have generic name, use indigenous element i.e., local language. In addition to this, about 80% of housings use indigenous element for their specific names. Housings mostly located in low land and gentle slope. On average, distance of housings to the center of capital area is 3.3 km and road density is 6.6 km/km2.

Geospatial information is one of the instruments used by the government in used to map the rate of spread of the Covid-19 disease, the level of Covid-19 vulnerability, and facilitate the distribution of social assistance to people affected by Covid-19. The ability to process geospatial information is needed for the parties who make use of the information. On that basis, the Geographical Information Science Study Program encourages increased ability to manage geospatial data among government staff in Indonesia through cartography training: thematic mapping related to Covid-19 outbreak by utilizing the ArcGIS Online application. The method applied in this training activity is presentation, demonstration, and application operation compiling thematic maps related to Covid-19 using ArcGIS Online to 527 participants. The majority of participants who have never used the ArcGIS Online application are enthusiastic about participating in cartography training, especially since the training is carried out with a tutor model and the participants complete all the work until it's finished. The expectation, the participants will implement the use of the application in the agencies where they work. Therefore, not a few participants asked for this training to be continued intensively.

Land valuation is one aspect of the cadastral system that is integrated with land use and land tenure. Land can be valued on the basis of the benefits that can be given. High and low land values are influenced by many factors, including economic, social, government, and physical factors. Based on factors that can determine the value of the land, it is known that the use of land (zoning) can also affect the formation of land values. The statistical analysis of a good land value model must take into account the effect of the location (X, Y) of the land parcels with the variable determining the land value comprehensively plus the city service center variable. The estimation model of land values resulting from the integration of linear regression and non-linear regression can be used as a reference to a single value for various purposes. The resulting land value estimation model is expected to reflect the true value.

Galunggung is an active volcano with an altitude of 2168 meter above sea level. Galunggung Volcano has a diversity of vegetation and habitat for various fauna. Previous research explained that Galunggung Volcano has at least 43 species of typical plants, which are divided into categories of mature trees, poles, saplings, and seedlings / undergrowth. However, the spectral characteristics of these plant types are still unknown. On the other hand, remote sensing with infrared channels is the right technology to analyze the spectral characteristics of vegetation in Galunggung Volcano. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the specific characteristics of vegetation on Galunggung Volcano based on height zones. This research uses Landsat 8 imagery, Aster GDEM imagery, and Hyperion imagery. It is expected that the results of image processing can show how the altitude affects the different spectral characteristics and types of vegetation in the study area.

Serpeng and Sumurup are allogeneic rivers in Wonosari's basin, which derive water to Gunungsewu karst drainage system. The river flow characteristics of their allogeneic system are influenced by the watershed and weather conditions of the area. In addition, quantitative morphometry plays an important role in hydrological processes with remote sensing and geospatial techniques used to carry out a morphometric analysis. SRTM (DEM) was an efficient tool for extracting morphometric parameters. The watershed of the Sumurup river was much wider, and covers a total area of 42.80 km², with a length of the main river being 21.44 km, while the Serpeng watershed covers an area of 10.58 km² and length of the main river has 8.85 km. However, morphometry of the drainage density of both of them was classified on a medium category which indicates the basin is moderate permeability and has susceptible to flooding and erosion process. The highest order of Sumurup river has 4th level stream orders with has an elongated shape and Serpeng has 3rd level stream orders with an oval shape. Comparative analysis of watershed in the allogenic system could represent the geomorphological expression on the spatiotemporal variation of hydrology behavior of both rivers.

Schools availability as public facilities is the government duty and responsibility. Recently, the government implemented a policy of school zoning system to increase society access to education. This policy requires children to choose school closest to their home. However, facts denoted that many problems occur with this system. School zoning techniques with buffer system become an obstacle due to the emergence of 'blankspot area'. This study aims to provide an alternative solution of blankspot area problem in the school zoning system. This study applies network analysis using the p-median model (location-allocation analysis) and service area analysis. The network analysis used impendace modification as a standard for zoning based. ArcGIS is used as a spatial analysis tool to provide better illustration of this network analysis. The results indicated that the service area analysis was more effective in solving zoning technique problems compared to the p-median model analysis because it provided a higher percentage of demand coverage when using the same impedance constraints. However, the p-median analysis technique is able to provide a more realitic picture of the allocation for each demand (without impendance). This research emphasizes the importance of adding schools in order to optimize the school services.

Density and undeveloped land can be identified using digital transformation through remote sensing data. This study aims to map the distribution of building densities with the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) and Urban Index (UI), analyze the comparison of building densities of the NDBI and UI methods, and analyze the relationship between the transformation of NDBI and UI on building densities in Banjarmasin City. The data used to obtain building density image Landsat 8 Oli Tirs. The method used to separate the built area and non-building area using digital classification. The area was developed from the results of the multispectral classification filtered with NDBI and UI transformation for the classification of the building density level. The results of this study indicate that building density has a positive relationship with the transformation of NDBI and UI because the high building density in the transformation of NDBI and UI has a high value. Non-built area and constructed land shows an NDBI accuracy of 91.4505% and 92.5359% accuracy of UI, there is a difference of 1.0854% greater accuracy UI. Overall accuracy exceeding 80% indicates very high accuracy for building density mapping.

Urban physical and biotic heterogeneity phenomena that caused by the decrease of vegetation and the expansion of built-up land can influence the urban climate response. The increase of land surface temperature brings on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Spectral resolution, temporal resolution, and the synoptic overview capability of remote sensing data are capable in urban study. Remote sensing imagery is able to extract the land surface temperature changes widely and simultaneously. The aims of this research are to identify UHI phenomenon and analyze the ecological condition in Semarang City using Landsat 7 ETM+ in 2002 and Landsat 8 OLI in 2019. Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) transformation is used to measure the intensity of UHI. Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) that based on principal component analysis transformation is used to analyze the urban ecological quality with the occurrence of UHI phenomenon. The results show that the land surface temperature mean value increase to 3,19°C so that some parts of Semarang occured UHI. The trend is also increased and stronger. It is consistent with the decrease of RSEI. The increase of temperature and UHI phenomenon during 2002-2019 impact on the degradation of urban ecological quality in Semarang City.

Most Indonesians people consume rice as a staple food and monitoring of sufficient rice crop growth required for national food security. Remote sensing with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data could use to observe the growth and classification of agricultural plants. The purpose of this research is to analyze spatial-temporal patterns of the growth phase and rice varieties in Ciasem District, Subang Regency. The Sentinel-1A radar image used to align research objectives based on VH backscatter polarization value in the planting period of 2018-2019. Google Earth Engine and maximum likelihood classification method used to process Sentinel-1A image data. The results showed that the rice-growing phase characteristic resulted in a trend of average backscatter value, which increased in the vegetative phase to the maturation phase and decreasing again after the harvest phase. Temporal average backscatter values in the rice planting period I was higher than period II. The spatial pattern of rice growing phase on planting period I start from the north to south, and planting period II starts from the south to north. The spatial patterns of rice varieties in the first and second planting periods categorized as random with the dominance of Inpari 42, Ciherang, and Mekongga varieties.

Rice crops (Oryza sativa L) is a very important food crop in Indonesia. According to data from the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), in 2015 Indonesia was in third place after India and China as rice producing countries in the world with a total production of 75.6 million tons. The depletion of land due to land conversion (conversion) is one of the factors causing the downturn in the agricultural sector in Indonesia today. The narrowing of rice fields does not have an impact on decreasing rice production but also at the stage of Indonesian society whose livelihoods are farmers. Data and information on the development of rice plants are very important as a database for the formulation of sustainable food crop agricultural policies mandated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 2009. In addition, the covid-19 pandemic which is now sweeping the world, requires the government to adopt large-scale social rights policies. It also needs to be assessed whether it has an effect on agricultural production. The use of remote sensing technology is an effective and efficient alternative for spatial and temporal estimation and monitoring in obtaining information on land cover for rice plants. Through multispectral image classification using guided classification (supervised classification), with the maximum possible possibility (maximum likelihood), it is known that local food security in Tasikmalaya City during the COVID-19 pandemic is still guaranteed. This is with the current population of not less than 808,506 people, while the land cover area for rice crops consecutively from 2017 - 2020 are 454 ha; 606, 94 ha; 463, 23 ha; and 673.8 ha. So it can be denied that large-scale rebels have no effect on the productivity of agricultural land in Tasikamalaya City.

Campus as an educational area is one of the areas with the most potential for gentrification. It happened in the Diponegoro University area which first began in 1980 until now. The occurrence of gentrification in the Diponegoro University area has been proven by previous research which shows that this area shows the characteristics of gentrification seen from the physical, social and economic aspects. However, the exact stages / phases of gentrification in the region are not known. Many factors can be used to assess the development of the gentrification phase, such as land cover and changes. The main aim of the present research is to formulate the phase of gentrification occurred in the Diponegoro University based on land use changes from 2006 to the present. The method used is a spatial analysis of image processing in series. The satellite imagery used is the GeoEye-1 type in 2007, 2012 and 2019. The results show that the gentrification phase starts with the entry of immigrants, which is followed by an increase in land values, changes in the face of the area and the migration of indigenous people to other areas. Changes in the area can be seen from the reduced agricultural land area, to the increase number of housing clusters and the emergence of city-scale commercial facilities. The total addition of built-in land in the study area from 2007 to 2019 was 301,171 Ha, with the urban village having the largest increase being Meteseh with the addition of a total built land of 66,913 Ha.

The Monitoring of paddy fields conducts to guarantee national food data. One of the ways is to use the Sentinel-1A (Synthetic-Aperture Radar) system with a spatial resolution of 10 meters and able to penetrate the clouds. The purpose of this research is the identification of the spatial distribution of rice planting period and planting patterns within one year. The variable is a value of rice plating period based on backscattered value on Sentinel-1A imagery. The image analysis method used supervised maximum likelihood classification with training sample based on ground truth survey to generate rice planting period. The rice planting periods was land preparation, vegetative, reproductive, generative, and fallow phase. The results showed that the backscatter value in the land preparation phase was very low (-25.81 dB), then continued to increase upon entering the vegetative phase (-20.64 dB), which achieve maximum value on reproductive phase (-14.82 dB). At the time of paddy field entering the generative phase, the backscatter value would drop to averages -17.76 dB. The fallow phase is characterized by backscatter values that are ascending or not patterned due to the absence of roughness changes on the paddy field's surface. The results of the study found there are three times of rice planting period in Pabuaran Subdistrict. Moreover, the research found there are six rice planting patterns, which are (1) paddy-paddy-paddy, (2) paddy-paddy-fallow, (3) paddy-fallow-paddy, (4) fallow-paddy-paddy, (5) paddy-fallow-fallow, and (6) fallow-paddy-fallow. This research concludes that spatial distribution dominated with rice planting patterns is paddy-fallow-paddy and distributed spread around Pabuaran Subdistrict.

The local government of Jakarta has limited capacity to meet the needs for residential. Therefore, A private developer has the opportunity to help the local government respond by building a large-scale planned residential named Bintaro Jaya. It is developed in the South Jakarta Area and the South Tangerang Region. The development caused a gated community and led to physical and social segregation with the previous local community. This research is aimed to identify the spatial segregation in Bintaro Jaya. These hypotheses are analyzed by using a socio-spatial approach and descriptive analysis. The method is interpreted from Google Earth Imagery map Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS based on the masterplan of Bintaro Jaya to identify delineation settlement status and field observation as an image interpretation data validation. This paper describes the phenomenon of spatial segregation that potentially can be exclusive space. The form of segregation is identified by walls, roads, and economic centers. In which the economic center can be a transitional space that functions as a communal space between segregations.

In the cycle of human development, as technology advances, human will progress to the more efficient economy. Thus, primary economic activities like agriculture would slowly reduce in number and shifted into secondary and tertiary activities. The Ciwidey Agropolitan Area is a region which currently being developed as an agriculture-focused economy which also undergoes an agricultural tourism development as its complement and new form of secondary and tertiary economic activities. The region had long serving agricultural activity and agricultural institutions with a form of farmer groups with various horticulture products since 1979. While the land use change here occurs from various conditions, the institutions which had a strong relation to land could affect the land use activities. Looking at its role both as an agropolitan center and agrotourism destination, it is interesting to understand how the farmer groups system in the region, tightly related to the land and how it might affect the agricultural land use. The research aims to understand how farmer groups affect agricultural land uses. By using a spatial-qualitative approach which rely on verbatim data, the study concluded that the farming group had a tendency to produce a resistance activities against land use change. As more effective systems and rules implemented in a farming group, its agricultural land vulnerability would also be lower. Thus, the agricultural land vulnerability pattern follows the condition and effectivity of related area's farmer group.

Involving the community is a way of protecting the environment. The area of Mount Gede Pangrango is a tourist destination for people from Jakarta and its surroundings. Changes in land use happen rapidly, as well as deforestation of hills. Community participation to reforest the hills is one of the ways that is carried out in community service activities. Based on the characteristics of the community, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the procedures of community participation in planting bamboo and vetiver at the slopes of Mount Gede Pangrango. The method of collecting data is by observing and interviewing various stakeholders. The community that gets involved come from various backgrounds and intentions. The analysis shows that the most important stage in community participation is in action planning. At this stage, the community leader is an important position. According to the community, the less important phase was evaluating the activities results. In this stage, the organizer could complete the stage by itself. The conclusion of this study shows that the backgrounds of the community leaders and the community members are keys to the program. A direct economic benefit could strengthen community participation. The community will not offer their support unless the program offers benefits of economic profit.

One of the competencies that guides must be mastered is communicating ideas and information about physical, social, and cultural conditions at tourist sites. The views and data that need to be shared in the geopark area are three elements, namely Geodiversity, Biodiversity, and Culture Diversity. Also, it must be able to communicate in an exciting and communicative language. This study wants to find out the level of understanding of guides on these three aspects. The research method used was a survey and thorough testing of research subjects, namely members of the Indonesian Tour Guides Association in Sukabumi Regency, especially those serving tourists in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Global Geopark. The results showed that the material's average mastery was still lacking, and the distribution of the material under its control was uneven. Thus, it is considered necessary to increase competence, especially regarding the knowledge and understanding of the geopark's three aspects.

This article discusses the demographic development of Bandung City from 1907-1996 which was recorded in the works of "Kuncen Bandung" Haryoto Kunto. Haryoto Kunto explored the history of Bandung from old books and arranged in such a way to get a general description of Bandung from time to time. His works use very loose language, almost the same as the colloquial language used in daily conversation. However, his works have important information regarding Bandung's demographic change, especially in terms of the emergence of immigrants. This study uses a qualitative content analysis method to describe and analyze in detail the description of the demographic dynamics of Bandung in 1907-1996 in Haryoto Kunto's books, such as Wajah Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe (1984), Semerbak Bunga di Bandung Raya (1986), and Ramadhan di Priangan (1996). Haryoto Kunto describes the history of the city of Bandung in a very interesting way of telling stories using the perspective of city history and the approach of planalogy. Factors that accelerate population development in the city of Bandung are the policy of relocating the capital city of Bandung, relocating the Priangan residency capital, infrastructure development, urbanization, and plantation development. The development of other city infrastructure has added to the heterogeneity of the population of Bandung City. The immigrants in the city of Bandung can be seen from the naming of places and roads, such as Babakan Bogor, Babakan Surabaya, Kampung Jawa, Jalan Naripan (Betawi), Asep Berlian (Palembang), Alketiri Alley, and Aljabri Gang (Arabic), and Chinatown (Ethnic Chinese).

So far, the issue of demographic conditions with development has been more discussed at the national and provincial levels. There has not been much discussion at the administrative level below, the regency, and at the sub district level. In line with decentralization, demographic issues at the local level have become very important. Because it will be a consideration in the preparation of development programs at the local level. This study aims to identify demographic conditions, including their potential and challenges, at the sub district level. The research will emphasize the use of available secondary data obtained from various related sources. The results have shown that the potential of human resources in the Kretek Sub District was huge. It can see from the number of productive age populations, which is three times the population of non-productive age. This research conclude that the demographic bonus and window of opportunity will win by the Kretek Sub District. The challenge ahead is, of course, how to take advantage of this large amount. The goal is that the productive population can access the economy well, which leads to the welfare of the people.

Agriculture is one of the important sectors for economic development in West Java. Unfortunately, agricultural land continues to decrease. This trend is also seen in the Ciwidey Agropolitan Area, Bandung. Horticultural farmers are forced to manage crops on a narrow land. The purpose of this study is to explain the spatial relationship between horticultural patterns and household welfare in Rancabali District, which is part of Ciwidey Agropolitan Area. This study is a descriptive study using map interpretation and cross tabulation. Data comes from systematic interview, field observation, and secondary sources. For analysis purposes, this study uses land conditions and accessibility as a spatial framework. The results show that most of the horticultural farming is a monoculture that is cultivated independently by farmers without involving labor. Labor involvement is only found on agricultural lands with a lower accessibility. This spatial pattern is closely related to the welfare of farmers. The better the accessibility, the higher the welfare of the farmer household. However, in areas with a lower accessibility, the level of welfare will only increase if they have a more spacious land.

Minangkabau community is a society that highly upholds customary values, like in Nagari Batuhampar administrative area. This Nagari (village level area) in Limapuluh Kota District has dynamic social and physical conditions. Minangkabau community hold the values of "Adat Basandi Syara, Syara Basandi Kitabullah" (Custom jointed with Sharia, Sharia jointed with the Quran) in life. It is also colored the administrative aspects of regional development, like implementation of tourism policies in Nagari Batuhampar. Wali Nagari, custom leader, and community figure believe that sustainable tourism and culture can go hand in hand. It is caused Minangkabau culture is currently under pressure from influence of technology, information, and communication nowadays. Young generation is starting to be faced with various kinds of information flows and foreign cultural exchanges, and some of which are not suitable with Minangkabau culture. This research is qualitative construction research. The purpose is to understand the meaning constructed by individuals at certain times. The results state that spatial perspective in Minangkabau culture has three meanings, namely darek (high area), pasisia (west and central coastal areas of Sumatra Island) and rantau (eastern area of the river estuary-Malacca Strait) used in identifying the location of the village for regional development, such as: tourism. The tourism that will be developed is not only to improve the economic level, but also will be utilized by Wali Nagari to focus on Minangkabau culture in Nagari Batuhampar such as studying in surau and so on.

Environmental damage on earth is mostly caused by human activities in overexploiting nature. This activity shows that people's attitudes are still low in environmental preservation. Local people still carry out the traditions passed down by their ancestors in managing the forest wisely and wisely. This study aims to see the perceptions of the Acehnese community towards the pawang uteun and to formulate the local wisdom values of the uteun pawang in maintaining and managing forests in a manner. The method used in this research is a survey method with a descriptive approach. This research shows that the values contained in the local wisdom of pawang uteun are very suitable to be taught to students. Conclusion The community's perception of the importance of forests is very high and this is why they want this forest to be managed by indigenous peoples with their wisdom. There are conservative values in customary forest management by pawang uteun, religious values as well as togetherness and deliberation. Pawang uteun traditional wisdom values in managing forests must be socialized to the community so that the community knows and obeys in protecting customary forests. It is hoped that it can increase awareness and concern for the environment, besides that it can also maintain the existence of culture in the era of globalization.

Environmental conservation is an issue that has never stopped being discussed. Human awareness in protecting and preserving the environment today is decreasing, and it has an impact on the quality of the environment which is getting worse. Knowledge of the local wisdom of indigenous society in managing nature and preserving the environment in Indonesia is a very valuable instrument to raise public awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. The indigenous society of Kampung Kuta have a form of local wisdom in environmental conservation. This study aims at identifying the local wisdom of indigenous society of Kampung Kuta in protecting Leuweung Gede as a form of environmental conservation efforts. Descriptive method, with a qualitative approach, is used in this study. Observations, in-depth interviews, and literature studies from various related articles were done to collect the data. Data analysis techniques by performing data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions The results showed that the indigenous society of Kampung Kuta have local wisdom in the form of prohibitions as customary rules for the local community and visitors in protecting Leuweung Gede as a form of environmental conservation efforts in the area of Kampung Kuta.

Sukakerta Village is a coastal area located in the north of Karawang Regency. Its location on the coast makes people dependent on coastal natural resources for their lives. In this village there is a new mangrove ecotourism that has the potential to be utilized by the surrounding coastal communities. Coastal communities in this study are divided into two age groups, namely the younger generation and the older generation. This research will describe the mobility of coastal communities in carrying out daily activities that are divided into these two generations. The mobility includes the activities and the time used. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. Data was collected by conducting interviews with coastal communities around ecotourism. The results of this study indicate the mobility of diverse coastal communities but still related to the coast one of them is by utilizing the mangrove ecotourism. The younger generation has a wider space for mobility, while the older generation has a narrower space for mobility. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that mobility is influenced by the age and ability of the individual itself.

Ciwidey Tourism Area is a tourism destination in the Province of West Java which has a rapid development. In 2007, the provincial government officially declared the area as the agropolitan region. It stimulated the fundamental impact on the household economy in the area. This study aims to elaborate on the spatial pattern of household economy alteration due to tourism penetration. It is a descriptive stud y that relies on primary data that comes from field observation and questionnaire - interview with local people. The study exercises spatial dan time series analysis to analyze the change of occupation and income of households between before and after the year 2007. The results showed that the development of tourism is situated at a distance of 2.5 km-5 km outside the core of the tourism area. It was marked by the development of tourism objects, tourism attractions, and secondary facilities. Such development resulted in changes in the type of household economy, from both the "unemployed" and "agricultural" to the "tourism" households. This change in household types was followed by an increase in population income, mostly around the tourism core.

The study was conducted in the District of Cilamaya Wetan, Karawang Regency, West Java Province from November to December 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyze the suitability of mangrove tourism. Based on the results in the field, the mangrove ecosystem of the District of Cilamaya Wetan has an average thickness of 114.62 m, consisting of 4 types of mangroves namely Rizhophora stylosa, Rizhophora apiculata, Rizhophora muncronata, Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Sonneratia with an average density of 19 tree/100 m2 based on 10x10 meter sample transect and plot method. While the biota is associated with this mangrove ecosystem, namely Gobiidae, Portunus pelagicus, Mycteria cinerea, and Solenoceridae. Based on the suitability assessment of mangrove tourism, this district has 2 classifications, which are appropriate and conditionally appropriate. The appropriate classification is found in Sukakerta Village, Muara Baru Village, and Muara Village, while the conditional classification is found in Rawagempol Kulon Village.

Environmental damage occurred in the Bandung area resulting from the development of settlements that are less concerned about preserving the environment. The environmental damage that occurred resulting in a flash flood disaster in 2018 that resulted in the area surrounding the Cicaheum suffered. To mitigate environmental damage the awareness of the various circles is committed to maintaining the environment. This research is to study and analyze the efforts undertaken by the people of Lebaksiuh Village, Ciburial Village, District Cimenyan, Bandung Regency in protecting the environment through the program "Lembur Kaulinan Lebaksiuh". Approach in research conducted using qualitative approach and case study method by conducting an in-depth interview of manager Lembur Kaulinan Lebaksiuh. The results of the research obtained that Lembur Kaulinan Lebaksiuh has a program that gives awareness to the community to have the character of the environment by doing the planting of palm trees on the Cidurian River on the bank so that there is no flood in the rainy season and preserving "Seke Air" so that there is no shortage of clean water in the dry season. The conclusion of this research is that the program conducted by Lembur Kaulinan Lebaksiuh has shown efforts to protect the environment by giving awareness to the community to care about the environment. Lembur Kaulinan Lebaksiuh Program needs to be followed by the community or other villages to keep the environment together.

Contestation of public space is now used as further option due to the lack of land availability caused by the increasing demand for space. The presence of a public space provides various benefits for social, economic and political lives in society. Politics in this study is about power in the micro-scale formed by local actors. The space is used by local actors who have certain interest which cause a conflict of space or contestation for the existence of social identity. Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) is one of the public space that is contested by several actors such as government, street vendor and ruler figures. The purpose of this research is to see how local actors use results from space contestation for their interests', especially in maintaining social identity from existence, extending their territory, and exploiting available resources. This is a qualitative research which use field observations, in-depth interview, and description analysis. The results show that political space in Banjir Kanal Timur not only marked from the activities and matters but also communication. This condition gives birth to negotiation, space formation, and deals in it. Banjir Kanal Timur divided into several zones that have their rulers. These zones are marked by signs such as installing banners, pegging with community flags, and also establishing posts and large meeting place in the area

The vast Indonesian sea provides abundant marine resources such as seafood. In addition to it, Indonesia also has an enormous coastline that can be utilized for tourism activities. Java sea in north Java Island has become a source of fishermen in Indonesia since 15 centuries, Gebang Mekar Village located in Cirebon, the northern part of Java Island has been stated by the local government to become a pioneered tourist destination for marine tour cultural activities and also for its culinary delicacy especially for seafood dishes. This study aims to analyze the potency of Gebang Mekar and its relations with Cirebon culture, and also having foodscape analysis finding how local the component of ingredients in its recipe. This study finds that Gebang Mekar has many kinds of seafood, especially for crabs, shrimps, squids, and seashells. And it suits with Cirebon local seafood recipe that has more than 16 seafood recipes. We trace the ingredient from the local recipe and analyze the foodscape and finds that most of the ingredients come from the local Cirebon and neighboring regions inside West Java. Only one ingredient (garlic) that to fulfill the quantity needs, should be imported from China. To support Gebang Mekar as a seafood culinary tourism destination there still plenty of tasks to do, such as local people empowerment by giving them some workshops in seafood restaurant management.

Global environmental problems that occur on earth include global warming, urban air pollution, water crisis, noise pollution and loss of biodiversity, which are environmental problems caused by human activities. Environmental problems have not been resolved due to the lack of environmental awareness of the community. The educational institutions ranging from elementary schools to tertiary institutions will be able to contribute and play their role in realizing the goals and protection of environmental management. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of ecoliteracy of students in Medan, the environmental care behaviour of students, and the contribution of ecoliteracy to environmental care behavior. This research uses a survey method, with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 243 students. The results showed that the level of ecoliteracy was included in the moderate category of 62%, while the environmental care behaviour was also in the moderate category of 53% and the ecoliteracy of students contributed to the environmental care behaviour of students with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.254 (25.4 %) while the rest (74.6%) is influenced by other factors. The conclusion is that a good level of ecoliteracy can provide a good understanding of the environmental care behaviour of students.

Global warming occurs resulting in environmental damage, such as floods, forest fires, landslides, and droughts. Global warming can be reduced by public awareness of the efforts to safeguard and preserve the environment. This research aims to study and analyze the internalization efforts of green moral that is done by Village Kuta Ciamis District in order to preserve the environment. Kuta Village people have been awarded the National level Kalpataru Award in 2002 with the surrender of awards delivered directly by the president in Bali. Approach in research conducted using qualitative approach and case study method by conducting an in-depth interview on the informant. The result of this research is the community of Kuta Village Ciamis Regency has internalization activities of green moral through the implementation of the traditional ceremony Nyuguh. The conclusion of this research is internalizing green moral community of Kuta Village Ciamis through the implementation of traditional ceremony Nyuguh has an ethics in the efforts of environmental preservation based on the value of divinity, social value and cultural value. Society and the environment must coexist to create a harmonious world condition.

The exploitation of the environment occurs because there is an economic value that is generated for the benefit of humans. A damaged environment can cause a lot of harm to humans in the future. The research objective was to analyze and synthesize the concept of pemali in Kampung Kasepuhan Babakan Lama with the ecovillage values that were maintained in the village. Then analyze the environmental conservation model scheme applied in Kampung Kasepuhan Babakan Lama. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in research using interview instruments. The interview resulted in the findings that environmental conservation efforts carried out in Kampung Kasepuhan Babakan Lama are in accordance with ecovillage values. Environmental preservation is closely monitored by every community who lives in the village and implanted the concept of using the environment wisely through the concept of pemali. Pemali is applied in the socio-cultural, environmental, economic, architectural, and spiritual aspects. This is identical to ecovillage values. Thus, society and nature can coexist in harmony. This is what is starting to disappear in the current paradigm of environmental use, namely that only humans benefit without paying attention to environmental sustainability.

Preservation of culture in the life of modern society today is something that deserves the attention of all parties, especially the local culture that contains the noble values of the Indonesian nation. The effect of globalization if it is not balanced with the readiness of the people is feared it will create a borderless world. The limited readiness of the community in the regions to face the era of globalization makes the lack of preventive measures that can be taken to prevent borderless world shocks. One effort to deal with the negative impact of globalization is to use indigenous knowledge values as a force. This study aims to explore and identify indigenous knowledge values of bahuma that's owned by the Banjar Tribe farmers as an effort to preserve culture to face the negative effects of globalization. This research uses a qualitative method with ethnographic approach. The subjects in this study were the Banjar tribe farmers. Data analysis was performed using the Miles & Huberman interactive analysis model. The results showed the values of local wisdom bahuma Banjar Tribe include: religious, kerja keras (hard work), patang menyerah (never giving up), tanggung jawab (responsibility), peduli terhadap lingkungan (caring for the environment), gotong royong (mutual cooperation), tidak menyakiti (not hurting), kebersamaan (togetherness), berbagi (sharing), sabar (patience), ikhlas (sincerity), kekeluargaan (kinship), and adaptation value.

After the East Asia Summit in 2014, the Indonesia Maritime Axis became a priority under Joko Widodo's administration. The maritime development aspect once articulated in the Djuanda Declaration in 1957, however, during several periods of leadership, the government marginalized the Maritime realm and was more directed to encourage agricultural as well as inland centric development vigorously. Truly unfortunate, it became contrast with the fact that Indonesia, as an archipelagic country based on the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, hibernated over periods to maritime development. This study examined Indonesia Maritime Axis policy from a geopolitics perspective in international relations and national interests. The research method utilized qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The main argument rest in a state which performed geopolitics in regional dynamics, prominently towards Indo-Asia-Pacific rim to achieve national interests. The United States and China tried to anchor down their influence over this vast and vibrant region while Indonesia seeks opportunities towards cooperation to increase economic growth. Furthermore, Indonesia firmly showcased a rising middle power, as well as an archipelagic country, which struggle to protect its maritime sovereignty.

It is a fact that the condition of the Citarum River is full of problems. The problems are about plastic waste, pollution of household waste, and industrial waste. To deal with the problems, the President intended to revitalize the Citarum River by establishing the Republic of Indonesia Presidential Regulation Number 15/2018 concerning the Acceleration of Pollution Control and Damage to the Citarum River watershed. The program is intently broadcasted through various mass media to raising people's awareness of controlling pollution and damage of Citarum River watershed. It is the vital function of media to inform environmental insights and activate community actions (proper disposal of industrial and domestic wastes). By informing actual information, mass media can contribute to structuring social understanding and social-behaviour improvement. The present study employed a case study approach. The researchers focused on the deep-longitudinal aspects of Citarum Harum Program. The analysis was following stages; observation, data collection, analysis, and dissemination. The analysis was mainly based on interviews to reliable individuals ranging from mass media practitioner, government officials, activists, and scholars. The results shows that printed media, television, and radio have social responsibility to educate the society about the river protection. In addition, policies in several media are considered to be consistent in disseminating the messages and ideas as they also create innovations in structural, social, and cultural approaches.

Ecoliteracy implies a holistic understanding of the relationship between environment and disaster. Strengthening ecoliteracy in educational institutions is the first step in building disaster-aware communities. This pilot study aims to explore the perspective of students' ecoliteracy on disaster mitigation while examining the set of Q statements as research instruments. This study applies the Q methodology since it has components that can measure the diversity of human subjectivity. Fourteen undergraduate students at the Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, were selected as participants. The results construct five factors and two consensus statements with a cumulative variance percentage of 68%. These factors are (1) knowledge (ecology and environmental problems), cognitive, and behavior factors; (2) knowledge (environmental and social-political problems), cognitive, and behavior factors; (3) affect and knowledge factors; (4) affect, cognitive and knowledge factors; and (5) knowledge factor. The consensus consists of two statements in agreement. As this study is still in a pilot stage, research only focuses on interpreting qualitative analysis results. The procedure for quantitative data is not presented in this paper.

Kadu lexicon is a form of language phenomenon as a product of cultural development that is unique. The lexicon of kadu is found of geographic's toponymic at Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The development of toponymy at Pandeglang can never be separated from various aspects or various geographic phenomena that are present behind the name of the place, because the naming of the place is based on the experience and considerations of the community as cultural actors. This study aims to describe: (a) the use of kadu lexicon in geographic's toponymic with socio-cultural conditions at Pandeglang Regency. Analytical description becomes the method in this study with written data sources and oral data sources. From the results of the study found toponyms at Pandeglang Regency using kadu lexicon, which is 47. Of all the toponyms there are 12 categorizations based on words that follow kadu lexicon and 4 groups of elements forming geographic toponymic words at Pandeglang Regency.

Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts (PRB) continue to be built and addressed through various activities considering that Indonesia is a country that is prone to disasters. In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, with an abundance of information The educational community as one of the important stakeholders Risk Reduction Efforts (PRB) were required to be critical of the information that was spread out including disaster information. However, students do not aware with the abundance of information available that is appropriate for the basis of disaster preparedness. Therefore the writing of this article aims to measure the level of critical thinking and its contribution to disaster preparedness, especially flooding, in geography education students. The research method chosen in this study is the Quantitative Survey. The results showed that the level of critical thinking and disaster preparedness of students included in the medium category. The results of the contribution of critical thinking to disaster preparedness showed the result of R square (R²) determination of 50.4%. This shows that critical thinking has an influence on student disaster preparedness. Therefore, it is time to think critically about information to be the focus in one of the efforts in disaster preparedness activities.

Open space offers opportunities that are not found indoors in the learning process. The physical environment contributes to students' learning by exploring their abilities. This requires the world community to be aware of the location, understand the relationship between locations, cause-effect (analysis), and the consequences caused internally and externally. The need for a comprehensive geographic study model is needed, so that it can show the public a geographical solution to certain environmental problems. Geography Education field laboratory can be used as a support for learning in the classroom. The method of zoning for the analysis of needs for field laboratory studies in the Mount Galunggung area is carried out by identifying needs, by referring to the learning outcome program and course learning. Types of integrated laboratories located in faculty or university study centers, or technical implementing units that provide education and / or training with supporting equipment for categories I, II, and III, and managed materials are general and special category materials to serve research activities, and community service, students and lecturers. Based on the results of field surveys and satellite image analysis which refers to suitability indicators for the development of potential Geography education field laboratories, the Gunung Galunggung area has 5 stations/ zones to be used as a Geography Education Field Laboratory.

The number of casualties in the series of earthquakes so far shows that disaster mitigation is still in the weak category. Earthquake and tsunami experts from a number of countries appealed to Indonesia to learn from the recurring disasters that claimed thousands of lives. Given that Indonesia is prone to disasters, early disaster awareness education is needed to minimize the impact of disasters. Disaster management through disaster education and mitigation aimed at reducing disaster risk must become the main stream of development. The formal education sector is considered to be the most effective in dealing with the impact of disasters. One alternative to disaster awareness early education is to disseminate disaster mitigation. Overall, this research was conducted through a research and development method which was carried out in several stages, namely the exploration, formulation and examination stages and involved five elementary schools in West Java. The results showed that understanding of disaster mitigation through comics in elementary education students is one of the solutions that need to be done in Indonesia to create a disaster-resilient generation and with comics the students' understanding of disaster preparedness is getting better. Awareness of disaster mitigation education from an early age is a very positive effort to instill a spirit of preparedness and concern for potential disasters and efforts to overcome them for the younger generation of a nation to sustain a better future.

Landslides in West Bandung Regency have an increasing incidence every year. One of the causes of landslides is the relatively high rainfall which facilitates weathering of rocks and soil. To anticipate and minimize the impacts that occur, the transformation of knowledge about disasters is a sufficient preventive step to increase community preparedness in facing disasters. The purpose of this study was to identify students' knowledge about disaster preparedness. The method used in this research is a survey with a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from 192 students through tests and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence on the ability of knowledge at levels C2 (understanding), C3 (implementing), and C4 (analyzing) on landslide disaster preparedness, while knowledge levels C1 (remembering), C5 (evaluating), and C6 (creating) there is no significant effect on landslide disaster preparedness. The recommendation in this study is that there needs to be an increase in developing instruments for learning outcomes that are more proportional at each level of knowledge, not only limited to knowledge at C1 and C2 levels, especially in disaster mitigation materials to improve preparedness for landslides.

Pangandaran Beach is one of the iconic tourist destinations in the province of West Java. This beach tourism area is a favorite of local tourists with a number of 3.9 million tourists at the end of 2018. The large number of tourist visits to Pangandaran Beach in addition to being economically profitable, also has a negative impact in the form of waste generation. Tourism activities produce organic waste in the form of hotel and restaurant food scraps and then inorganic waste such as plastic food wrappers, plastic bottles and others. Based on these problems in the research plan for three years, divided into three main focuses, namely in the first year is how integrated waste management for Pangandaran Beach tourism area. The focus of the second year research is the processing of waste from the food and beverage industry in Pangandaran Regency and in the third year is processing organic waste for freshwater fish feed. The research method used in the first year research is a descriptive method that aims to describe how waste processing has been done so far, community participation and how integrated waste management is in the Pangandaran Beach tourism area. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the processing of waste in the tourist area is still by collecting-transporting-dumping, the final disposal site (TPA) uses an open dumping system that is the garbage is disposed of without any treatment. Community participation in waste processing is in the medium category (score 56.5%) and integrated waste processing is still in the early stages of development.

Ginger has a high economic value. It has benefits for health and doesn't require complicated processing. But, ginger required a long period to cultivate. It makes farmer's interest in cultivating ginger decrease and ginger production continues to decline every year. Aside from that, ginger certified seeds are also limited. Meanwhile, demand for ginger continues to rise. To meet these demands, an effective and efficient supply chain management is needed. One of the largest ginger productions in West Java is located on Cianjur. So the purpose of this research is to determine an efficient ginger supply chain of farming sustainability in Cianjur. The method used is descriptive analysis use framework of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO). Then develop it as a strategy use SWOT-AHP method. The results showed ginger supply chain's members in Cianjur consisted of farmers, collectors, wholesale market, local market, and consumers. Ginger supply chain management in Cianjur isn't effective because there are still some obstacles in each member. The strategy chosen is to improve productivity and product quality for a better supply chain. There is also a need for mutual awareness between each chain in increasing the productivity and quality of ginger so that producers are more enthusiastic about cultivating ginger in the future. So that farming activities remain sustainable.

Current sustainability assessment methods are mostly disseminated at global or national scales. However, the sustainability criteria often fail to capture many ecological characteristics that are important to the local population. This article aims to understand the importance of ecological criteria for sustainability by reviewing the literature on issues related to the implementation of ecological criteria on global, national, and local scales. This study uses qualitative content analysis by examining secondary data searches such as journal articles and research reports regarding the topics. We use NVIVO software for theme coding. We also use a case study in the oil palm plantation in Belitung Island and the Indonesian palm oil sector to see how global and national ecological criteria for sustainable palm oil were designed and whether it is adaptable to the local context. This study reveals three main themes namely the function of ecological criteria and indicators, the adaptation of global and regional criteria, and the importance of local characteristics and value. We concluded that although global and national criteria for sustainable palm oil have been established, the characteristics of local biodiversity and social value and its prioritization are needed to ensure sustainability reached the lowest scale.

Environmental damage caused by industrial development is not only a result of industrial activities, but also a result of the demands of human life which require humans to adapt to the environment and all its changes through education and technology. In this case, a change in human behavior in managing natural resources is needed as a solution to these problems. Environmental damage in the PT. X Bojenegara - Banten, which is engaged in the oil and gas industry is still happening. Most of the causes of environmental damage in the region of PT. X such as air pollution, water, and soil as a result of the behavior of workers who don't have an attitude of environmental awareness in the work. Several factors, namely environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program used to see the connection with the behavior of workers at PT. X. This research was conducted at PT. X Bojonegara, Banten in February 2015 to March 2015 by using a quantitative approach. Data were collected by using questionnaires, field observation and in-depth interviews. There are 79 respondents and 5 informants which were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. The result shown that there are any relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior (R = 0.292). The correlation value of 0.292 indicates that the relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior is moderate. The conclusion from these results shows that the higher the environmental awareness and the more understanding of the Industrial Hygiene program, the better the behavior of the workers.

Climate change is known to have a significant impact on public health as it could speed the spread of zoonotic infections. The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential geographical distribution of the risk of leptospirosis – a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira spp and transmitted by rodents, in Western Java islands. The possible distribution of Leptospira was modelled by using MaxEnt ecological niche (EN) framework under various climate scenarios. Data for elevation and nineteen bioclimatic variables associated with temperature and precipitation were obtained from climate database. In general, the shift in the geographical distribution in leptospirosis occurrence is evident. The model shows that the probability of the leptospirosis occurrence is predicted to be high in the northern and central part of the islands. The annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and precipitation of wettest quarter were the more significant contributors to the dynamic of leptospirosis emergence. The study reveals that climate change will likely increase the probability for leptospirosis emergence over the islands, suggesting the importance of substantial mitigation efforts towards improving sanitation, hygiene and flood management, in addition to strengthening public health preventive and surveillance strategies at a local level.

Watershed management is important, especially to water management. River water pollution in the upstream has an impact on the water quality in the midstream and downstream. Boyong River is an upstream part of Code Watershed which has three dominant land uses. Land use activities in the Boyong River cause faecal pollution from animals or humans waste in river bodies. This can cause the presence of coliform bacteria in rivers, both Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC). This study aims to determine the effect of land use on the number of TC and FC in the Boyong River. The study focused on three dominant land uses, mixed-use gardens, irrigated fields, and settlements. Sampling was carried out during the dry season and rainy season, using a purposive sampling method. Based on laboratory tests with the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, the number of TC ranged from <1,8 – 350.000 MPN/100mL and the number of FC ranged from <1,8 – 79.000 MPN/100mL. Third land use contributes to river pollution. Settlements have the highest number of TC and FC changing. During the rainy season, the number of TC and FC tends to be higher than during the dry season. Almost all sample points exceed the Boyong River allotment quality standard.

Biodiversity Park has a function as a research and biodiversity. Protected areas become a conservation strategy area. This research aims to look at the opportunities and challenges of a biodiversity park as a conservation area with a spatial, descriptive and SWOT analysis that includes physical and social factors. Land use spatial variables uses land use, slope, and function of forest area. Social factors focus on the local ecology of indigenous peoples and also Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) at the park. On the physical factor, some points of the park are of attractive natural beauty such as beautiful cliffs. In terms of social factors, local ecological knowledge of indigenous peoples can be said to be quite good. The indigenous peoples at all points already have good knowledge about the diversity of flora and fauna in their area. The challenge of the biodiversity park as a conservation area is that the general public in the whole village does not understand how to protect the environment. In a focus group discussion at the point of Mangais village, that the community is more concerned with wages that can be obtained in the short term.

This study aims to conduct spatial mapping to obtain data on the distribution of uninhabitable houses in Tanggamus Regency. Data collection was carried out by survey related to the location of the coordinates of the uninhabitable house and its conditions, literature study, interviews, and documentation supported by data from related agencies. Data analysis was performed using ArcGIs software and qualitative descriptive with a spatial approach. The results showed: the location of the uninhabitable houses in Tanggamus Regency, based on the coordinates of as many as 6,042 houses and the map of the distribution of houses unfit for habitation in each district. The conclusions in this study indicate that the map of the distribution of houses unfit for habitation in each sub-district can be used for regional development planning, especially in Tanggamus Regency.

The traditional house as a tourist attraction in Brayut Tourism Village is an assest need of great treatment. This study tries to describe the livelihood condition of household in traditional Javanese house in Brayut Tourist Village and identify the household livelihood strategy in traditional Javanese house in Brayut Tourist Village. Combination quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential explanatory model are used with census techniques. Assets in households participate in the tourist village activities show human capital having the highest score. Physical capital like electronic, transportation, and household furnishings is the highest capital the household not participate in the tourist village activities. Households capable of inhabiting of Javanese traditional house is divided into two categories that is households that have only able to survive the occupies a house, consist of survival and passive income strategies. And households that have high capabilities and capital. This category consist of a intensification consolidation, diversification consolidation, and accumulation strategies.

Sustainability Livelihoods Approach is an approach used to measure households' attempts to sustain their livelihoods. One of the livelihoods currently facing problems is that of tea smallholders. Tea plantations managed individually by farmers are phenomena to be found in several districts in West Java, one of which is the District of Sukabumi. As tea plantation holders the farmers also have several other livelihoods. This research aims to determine the pattern of development of livelihoods of the tea smallholders' household by asset. The weighting of each asset the SLA is carried out based on the geography of the research location. Data collection is conducted through in-depth interviews with pre-determined informants. As households whose livelihoods come from primary economic activities, natural asset ownership is highly important. Households with high natural asset are always followed by high financial asset ownership. Meanwhile, high physical asset is followed by advantageous human asset. This enables farmers to develop various economic activities in the village in order to sustain their tea plantation production. However, tea smallholders with low natural asset face difficulties in diversifying economic activities in the village. Based on these facts, the conclusion of this research shows that the sustainability of tea plantation highly relies on ownership of natural assets in the form of the size of the plantation area.

The environmental transformation from rural into urban is a regional development process, it usually happens to industrial countries and formed a peri-urban region. Understanding the peri-urban development is an attempt to analyze the potential changes in environmental quality due to landscape changes in Cirebon Regency. The method of determining a peri-urban region is based on the spatial-ecological approach that is not only to use administrative boundaries. This study aims to analyze the regionalization of Cirebon's peri-urban using spatial-ecological approach. Parameters to determine the region based on built-up area, road density, distance from Cirebon City, and residential population density. The Cirebon's peri-urban was obtained from overlay analysis and defined interval reclassification. This study shows that the Cirebon's peri-urban has an area of 76.83 km² which is divided into five sub-districts and 48 villages surrounding Cirebon City. This peri-urban is mostly in the western of Cirebon Regency. This phenomenon shows the development direction of Cirebon City (urban sprawl) is more dominant towards the western and northwest because of massive development in industries, services, and transportations.

Marine fisheries activities on the southern coast of Special Region of Yogyakarta province, especially in the Depok Beach area, has gradually developed. Small-scale fishermen as a group of people classified as poor rely on livelihood assets accessible by them. Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) is used to enhance understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. This research aims to analyze the livelihood level of small-scale fishermen at Depok Beach in 2020. The methods used in this research are quantitative descriptive analysis to determine the level of sustainability and spatial analysis by dividing the study area into three radii, i.e. 0-500 meters, 500-1000 meters, 1000-1500 meters, and beyond 1500 meters from the coast. Fishers living in 0-500 meters, 500-1000 meters, 1000-1500 meters, and beyond 1500 meters from the coastline, in general, had a high level of assets, meaning that the natural resources (fish stocks) are not depleting, financial condition is sufficient, the infrastructure available is adequate, majority of fishers attended formal education and are members of fishing societies or another social group. Overall, based on the calculation of the average score, livelihood of fishermen in Depok Beach are considered sustainable.

This study aims to see the transformation of the use of public space by online motorcycle taxi. The use of technology in the concept of online motorcycle taxi makes it different from earlier concept of conventional ojek. Therefore, online motorcycle taxi does not have a designated place to wait for service requests. It makes online motorcycle taxi to make use of pre-existing public spaces as their places to wait or seek for service requests. This case can be seen on one of the main roads in South Jakarta, named St. Prof. DR. Satrio, which is one of the roads included in the revitalization program by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government to become a pedestrian public space. This research uses qualitative method with ethnographic approach which data collection process consisted of participatory observation and direct interviews with onsite online motorcycle taxi drivers. The results show the transformation in functional form, which was changed from a green open space as a road divider into pelican sidewalk and public recreation areas. However, the purpose of revitalization is not in line with real condition where the space is used on by certain community (online motorcycle taxi drivers) that do not have designated places.

Disaster has two folded sides, the destructive and the early stage of development. A disaster prone area can be seen as an evaluation of planning and program implemented. The National Government through Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Areas, and Transmigration allocates annual budget for villages to enhance and improve their regional development. Two villages, namely Pendowoharjo and Pagerharjo at landslide disaster prone area in KulonProgo are depicted as study area in the implementation village development index (Indeks Desa Membangun/IDM). The two villages are at high risk landslide area but show different progress of development based on The village budget application in accordance to the IDM. Desk study and online interview revealed that collaboration between village government with academia and private sectors play significant role to enhance village development progress. Pendoworejo Village turn to be a developing village, while Pagerharjo Village become a developed village. Spatial approach supports the spatial analysis in this study and show that anthropogenic parameter is the constraints factors for development progress and the sustainability.

One of the land use changes is affected by population growth in a particular area since human needs a place to live and settle. Land use in each region is a form of meeting the needs of the community. Changes in land that are used for settlements can occur in certain area such as in Blambangan Umpu District, Way Kanan Regency, Lampung Province. Meanwhile, the purpose of this study is to analyse the development of settlements in Blambangan Umpu District in 2010-2020. The method used in this study is descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data were collected by several techniques including field observations, literature study, and documentation study. The data were then analysed by using descriptive analysis technique. The results of the study which are based on the map published in 2010, 2015, 2017, and 2020 show that the land use changes for settlements have occurred in Blambangan Umpu District. The results of the analysis show the distribution of settlements towards the northern and southern parts of Blambangan Umpu District, Way Kanan Regency, Lampung Province within 10 years. The implication of this research is that local government needs to consider in regional spatial planning for the future.

Trans Java toll road belongs to a strategic development program of the Indonesian Government. Towards toll roads, the time of travel can be shorted, hence the transportation cost becomes lower. Semarang – Pekalongan Toll road is part of the trans java program. It connects Semarang City and Pekalongan City. Semarang is identified as the trading city. In this city, many of product be promoted in the national or regional area. In the other side, Pekalongan is known as the centre of Batik. The connectivity between them aims to promote Batik to the large market. However, the travel cost by toll road is higher than by Pantura Road. By that fact, the toll road could be less efficient compare to Pantura road. Thus, this research wants to ensure the efficiency of Semarang – Pekalongan toll road. The research is conducted by deductive – rationalistic approach. The analytical method is statistic descriptives. Based on the analysis, the toll road is inefficient on goods movement in mid-distance (up to 100 km). The average cost of goods movement in the mid-distance in Pantura Road is 70 % lower compared to the toll road. Refer to that fact, the toll road pricing should be evaluated to improve efficiency.

This study aimed to analyse which variable (s) had the most contribution to the vulnerability of strong winds in Yogyakarta. Strong winds are the second-largest disaster in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The city has at least five cultural heritage regions, including Kotabaru, Kotagede, Malioboro, Pakualaman, and Kraton. It employed Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) to process 11 variables, i.e. age, height, and physical condition of the building, landmark, spatial design/architectural style, roads, regional effect, shape of the region, building density, also built-up land patterns. These ten variables processed by scoring and cluster sampling Meanwhile, the remaining variable, hazard, analysed using scoring. The results were two types of vulnerability scenarios. (1) The Equal Vulnerability Scenario (2) The Vulnerability Scenarios used research variables that were grouped into three levels of spatial patterns, namely, Spatial Pattern I (landmark, road, and the physical condition of the building), Spatial Pattern II (regional effect, building density, and hazard), and Spatial Pattern III (built-up land pattern, building age, building height, architectural style, and the shape of the region). All scenarios proved that CHR Kotagede was extremely vulnerable. This strong pattern determines hazard as the most contribution variable, since the similarities to Equal, Building Density, and Regional Effect.

Seaweed cultivation is an alternative used in coastal areas. It is necessary to increase seaweed production because of the high carrying capacity and potential seaweed cultivation areas. The seaweed cultivation on Serangan Island continues to be pressured by the development of tourism and human activities. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the seaweed cultivation area in Serangan Island. The variables used in this study are water conditions such as sea surface temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen—the data obtained through processing Landsat 8 imagery in January and May 2020. The method used is scoring and overlaying all variables, which are then analyzed spatially. The results showed a suitable area covering 616 Ha dominantly and the appropriate regions for 1,52 Ha, located in several parts of the northern and southern waters of Serangan Island in the rainy season. Whereas in the dry season, suitable areas are covering 223 Ha located in 31 grids in the northern, eastern, southern, and southwestern parts of Serangan Island, quite ideal for 392 Ha in 72 grids dominantly and unsuitable for 2,52 Ha located in part east and west grid of Serangan Island waters.

Urban water is one of the most important natural resources to support urban growth. However, conflicting interests from different sectoral needs interfere with its management as the demand for water increases as a result of rapid urbanization. This paper compares the theory and practice of urban water governance, particularly the extent to which the concept of urban water governance can be implemented in Surakarta, Indonesia. The paper also provides lessons for practitioners. This study applies a qualitative single case study method using in-depth interviews with eight key players from eight institutions related to urban water governance. The respondents represent the local Planning Agency, Public Works Agency, Local Water Utility, Environmental Agency, Disaster Mitigation Agency, Housing Agency, the Regional Water Cooperation Body, and the Provincial Water Resources Management Agency. Surakarta is a rapidly growing medium-sized city that faces the challenge of urban clean water provision. The results indicate that although to a certain extent a gap between theory and practice exists, all the interviewed stakeholders have realized and have started initiating collaborations in urban water management. The most important point forward is to establish an effective regular platform for more solid collaboration to attain integrated urban water governance for Surakarta.

The aim of this study was to determine the carbon balance, emission, and CO₂ sequestration due to land use and land cover change in Banyuasin Regency from 2004-2014. The methods applied in this study included determination of carbon balance using the matrix of land use change and land cover change, calculation of carbon for each carbon pool by allometric and destructive sampling method, calculation of organic C through the method of Walkley and Black, and method of stock difference for analyzing carbon stock change, CO₂ emission and sequestration. Result of this study showed that carbon balance in Banyuasin Regency from 2004-2014 was negative with carbon loss of 22.033.277 tons and average annual carbon loss of 2.203.327 ton. Moreover, CO₂ sequestration, emission, and net emission reached 29.298.966 tons, 118.044.141 tons, and 88.745.175 tons, respectively. Average net emission of CO2 from carbon pool of above-ground, necromass, litter, and below-ground was 7 tons ha-1 year-1, while CO₂ emission from organic C in soil was 0,61 ton ha-1 year-1. It is expected that changes in peat swamp forest, secondary mangrove forest, primary mangrove forest, and secondary peat swamp forest majorly contributed to CO₂ emission in Banyuasin Regency.