Table of contents

The Voronezh State Agrarian University occupies a leading position among agricultural universities of the Russian Federation. On February 21 and 22, 2022, the Voronezh State Agrarian University hosted the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Environmental Problems of Food Security" (EPFS 2022), organized in partnership with the International Academy of Agrarian Education, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Eurasian Economic Commission, the M. Dulatov Kostanay University of Engineering and Economics.

Conference guidelines:

1. Development of the biosphere paradigm of nature management. On the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the Sustainable Development Declaration;

2. Modern problems of intensification and greening of agricultural production: contradictions and compromises;

3. Strategic goals and objectives in the field of ensuring food security of the Eurasian Economic Union countries;

4. Adaptation of agriculture to changing climate conditions, overcoming climate risks;

5. Ecological and economic optimization of the land use;

6. Modeling and information technologies of agricultural environmental management;

7. Development of methodology for designing agricultural landscapes and farming systems on a landscape-ecological basis;

8. Ecologization of animal husbandry systems;

9. Precision technologies in agriculture and animal husbandry;

10. Product and environmental quality management;

11. Tasks of environmental regulation.

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information:

• Type of peer review: materials (articles) went through a double-blind peer review procedure

• Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions?

The organizing committee of the conference received materials, scientific articles corresponding to the specialization of the conference and possessing scientific novelty.

It was not allowed to send already published articles or articles sent for publication to other publications to the organizing committee.

The results presented in the article should be formulated in the form of scientific provisions that clearly define the essence of the contribution to science.

After the initial verification of the articles for originality, the articles were sent to the double-blind peer review procedure, where the materials were evaluated for compliance with the requirements for publication, conference topic, scientific research relevance. The articles should clearly demonstrate the scientific interest of the results.

Only after a positive review, the material (scientific article) was accepted for publication.

Criteria used by Reviewers:

- Does the article contain enough new material for publication?

- Is the paper scientifically sound and not misleading?

- Is the paper clearly written, concise and understandable?

- Will the article have interest and influence in scientific community?

- Should the written English of the manuscript be edited?

- Is the subject of the scientific article and writing style consistent with the quality of publication in IOP Publishing?

Materials that do not meet the requirements were rejected or, if possible, were recommended for making the appropriate changes, after which the materials re-passed the procedure for compliance with the recommended requirements.

• Conference submission management system: The organizing committee of the conference received and processed materials, scientific articles through the Morressier platform provided by IOP Publishing, and correspondence with the authors was conducted by e-mail ganfsi2021@mail.ru. Corresponding editor Trifonova Maria Fedotovna corresponded with the authors and followed the whole process.

• Number of submissions received: 97

• Number of submissions sent for review: 84

• Number of submissions accepted: 56

• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 57,7

• Average number of reviews per paper: 1.02

• Total number of reviewers involved: 7

• Contact person for queries: Trifonova Maria Fedotovna, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, President of the International Academy of Agricultural Education, ganfsi2021@mail.ru

Cotton growing is the most important industry that determines the strategic security of the country. Scientists of the "Agricultural and Melon Industry" LLP consider their genetic collection to be unique, since the cotton plants collected in it have the widest range of economically valuable qualities. There are groups of cotton with different types of branching, with different heights of the main stem and shape of the leaf, with different types of seed pads, with capsules of various shapes and sizes, with different resistance to pests and diseases. It is important that the collection "works" for practice. Its use in the breeding process made it possible for the first time in world practice to create and regionalize new high-yielding medium-fiber varieties of cotton with a short growing season Pakhtaaral-3031, Pakhtaaral-3044, Maktaaral-4005, BTM-4047, Atakent-2010, Bereke-07, Maktaaral-4007, Maktaaral-4011, Myrzashol-80, Maktaaral-4017, Maktaaral-5027. The use of the collection in further scientific work opens up great opportunities for creating new varieties and lines of the most important crop, which is cotton. Research on the cotton gene pool is currently being carried out in the direction of maintaining their viability. The effective use of the cotton gene pool depends on the scale and depth of assessment of its quality, with the strategic objectives of cotton growing and the level of organization and efficiency of the breeding process. The cotton varieties that occupy the area were bred on the basis of hybridization of varieties and subspecies of Y. Hirsutum L., which unites their potential for resistance to abiotic stress factors.

An assessment of the agrogenic transformation of the main ecological landscape functions affecting the greenhouse effect (bioproductive, destructive, organo-accumulative, biogeochemical) is given. It is shown that the tasks of optimizing agricultural environmental management under economic and agroecological conditions coincide with the tasks of maintaining a deficit-free carbon balance, reducing nitrogen gas losses and greenhouse gas emissions. The inexpediency of using emergency alarmist measures to reduce greenhouse gases is justified. The immediate tasks of optimizing nature management are associated with the development of adaptive landscape farming systems and ecological optimization of animal husbandry, which will ensure a deficit-free balance of carbon and biogenic elements, significantly stop the processes of soil and landscape degradation, and significantly reduce CO₂ emissions.

The results of sweet potato yield in the climatic and soil conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone are presented, which allow to recommend the expansion of the areas of valuable crops to ensure the industrial production of flour, starch, ethanol, and raw materials for semi-finished products. Due to its origin from a warm subtropical climate, it requires appropriate temperature conditions and humidity, especially in May, when there is a high risk of spring frostsю Therefore, an assessment of growing technology under cover for the total and commercial yield of tubers of six sweet potato varieties was carried out. In the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, the sweet potato samples Sukhumskiy (yield 21.7 t/ha), Amsterdamskiy (24.8 t/ha), and Jewel variety (23.4 t/ha) showed high productivity on average over 2 years. Under experimental conditions, a change in the growth rate was noted depending on changes in agro-climatic conditions, while periods of growth stoppage under unfavorable conditions (drought) and periods of continued growth, which subsequently caused deformation of tubers (especially in the Pobeda 100 sample) were noted. The rate of increase in the mass of tubers showed a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation.

Poultry farming in most countries of the world occupies a leading position among other branches of agricultural production. In recent years, quail breeding has become particularly relevant in Russia and European countries. Intensive growth and development, a short reproduction period, as well as meat and egg productivity, early maturity, high egg production, all this together allows them to be successfully used to obtain high quality products. At the same time, this gives grounds for the competition of quails with chickens for meat and egg productivity. Quail products are recognized as environmentally friendly, easily digestible, a rich source of valuable macro and microelements, as well as a variety of vitamins. In addition, quail eggs are a hypoallergenic product that has tonic properties and contains a large amount of protein. In terms of nutritional properties, quail eggs are healthier than chicken eggs, since they do not contain cholesterol. When growing poultry, no additional costs are required for the prevention of infectious diseases, as well as drugs that accelerate the growth of individuals. Creating optimal microclimate parameters in poultry houses is one of the important conditions for realizing poultry productivity, as well as minimizing the unit costs of material and technical resources. Violation of zoohygienic requirements for keeping quails has a significant impact not only on the productivity of poultry, but also on the health of the personnel working at the factory, as well as on environmental pollution. Microclimate control using an automated system makes it possible to provide optimal conditions for the functioning of the physiological state of individuals, which is reflected in various forms of ethological manifestations, on the reactions of eating behavior.

Preventing the release of hazardous substances from waste into the environment is the most important environmental safety objective of municipal waste management. Uncontrolled dumping in landfills has a negative impact on the environment, being a source of harmful chemical and biological substances in the ground and surface waters, atmospheric air and soil, creating a certain threat to the health and life of the population. At present, the environmental problem associated with the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) and is relevant not only for civil organisations, but also for institutions of the penitentiary system. The volume of MSW flows needs to be constantly updated, and therefore an average annual waste generation rate needs to be determined. The research described in the article was carried out during four seasons of 2020 at the facilities of the penal and correctional system of Perm Krai, on the example of remand prisons. The methodology for performing calculations based on the current regulatory documents is presented: methodological recommendations on issues related to the determination of MSW accumulation standards, approved by Order No. 524 of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2016 and the Russian Government Decree No. 269 dated April 4, 2016 "On determining the accumulation standards for solid municipal waste". As a result of the work, the average daily and average annual volumes and masses of waste generated per person were determined. Fluctuations in waste generation during the four seasons were insignificant.

Although the agricultural sector is one of the most mature sectors in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the share of agriculture in GDP is 27.9%. This indicator proves that one of the key elements of an intensive approach in the field is the problem of digitalization of agriculture. The purpose of the study is to formulate and implement a strategy for modernization of agriculture in the digital economy, to develop theoretical, methodological and organizational-methodological rules to improve the quality of network management. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were identified: to assess the level of readiness of agrarian economic entities for digital transformation, taking into account the impact of external and internal environment, grouping, quantitative and scoring methods. As a result, DIGITAL-analysis was developed by grouping, quantitative and scoring methods of readiness of greenhouses for digital transformations.

Prevention of pollution of water bodies by wastewater, as well as protection of surface waters from pollution by wastewater are the most important tasks facing modern society. In the field of industrial wastewater treatment, there are many models of single processes.

This article highlights some issues of development and research of individual designs of optoelectronic transducers based on hollow light guides. The principles of construction, mathematical models, questions of errors of optoelectronic converters based on hollow light guides are outlined and devices of information and measuring equipment and automation made on the basis of hollow light guides with moving elements are given. The types and frequencies of optical volcanic waves for the treatment of industrial wastewater based on optoelectronic and polycoxic fibers are presented. And also the issues of diagnosing technological units in the treatment of industrial wastewater and the state of optoelectronic converters based on fiber and hollow light guides are considered. Currently, the problem of wastewater treatment is one of the most important in industrial ecology. Therefore, the development of new more efficient methods and means of wastewater treatment of production using waste products of enterprise waste is currently especially relevant.

One of the problems of the modern world is to ensure a favorable environmental situation in the field of functioning of large industrial enterprises. Information about the state of the atmosphere over industrial single-industry towns is the most indicative in this period of time. The purpose of the experimental study is to collect and preliminary process information with continuous monitoring of the atmosphere over the enterprise of the metallurgical industry. To collect information, the device of the model was used: Xiaomi Redmi Note 10. As shooting points, the places from which the atmosphere over the metallurgical enterprise can be observed are selected. The paper highlights the need for environmental monitoring, considers ways to collect information in monitoring the atmosphere, methods of pre-processing images to improve their quality and subsequent analysis using computer vision. Parts of the maps of the city of Magnitogorsk with the shooting points and angles marked on them are presented. The course of monitoring the atmosphere over an industrial enterprise is described. The influence of weather conditions on the course of monitoring was revealed. The results of the study of the state of the atmosphere are recorded in the form of photo and video streams.

The article considers the implementation of mathematical models and algorithms for hanging the efficiency of managing the chlorella cultivation process on the basis of the modeling algorithm of state parameters. One of the necessary conditions for the optimal conduct of the process of cultivating microorganisms is automatic control of the quality and composition of nutrients at the inlet, as well as control of the output indicators of the process. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies performed using modern methods and tools, as well as the positive results of industrial tests, it is possible to increase the efficiency of controlling the chlorella cultivation process on the basis of a modeling algorithm for state parameters.

The achievements of adaptive landscape agriculture systems (ALAS) were considered as an expression of a new, biospheric paradigm of nature management. ALAS are confined to various agroecological land groups (upland, erosive, hydromorphic, saline, etc.). Within the groups, there are land types for which agricultural technologies of various intensification levels are being developed. The ALAS design tools include a register of land types, a register of crop varieties, and a register of agrotechnologies. The development of ALAS projects for agricultural enterprises is carried out in AgroGIS based on soil and landscape mapping materials based on agroecological typology and landscape-ecological classification of lands. ALAS are formed based on the results of multifactorial field experiments that establish systemic links between agriculture elements and landscape-ecological conditions. The ALAS development is associated with the deepening of landscape differentiation and further with the design of agricultural landscapes (cultivated lands, livestock, water, forestry, residential ones) in the territory ecological framework system. The methodology and tools of their design based on the transformation of ecological functions of the landscape into socio-economic ones are proposed.

The article discusses the technical foundations and practical methods of processing organic waste in a biogas plant, as a result of which biogas is obtained, the effect of biomass moisture on the output of biogas is studied. The principles of quality management of natural and man-made energy resources are outlined, in order to increase the efficiency of the technology of anaerobic processing of biogas production, considering the concentration of methane, due to continuous and remote measurement of the effect of humidity of the base raw materials at the output from biogas. The article analyzes the method and recommends the use of devices for monitoring and regulating biomass moisture indicators.

This article discusses the results of a study on the cultivation of hydroponic green feed in the laboratory, the main purpose of the study is to study the effect of humidity on the root system of the green mass, to increase the timing and dependence of the increment on temperature and humidity. The experience of using automation elements in order to develop recommendations for the implementation of automation systems and computerization of a hydroponic installation using a programmable microcontroller is analyzed. Taking into account the problems of growing green mass for use as feed for the agricultural sector, the issues of photosynthesis are considered, the results obtained and methods for measuring the concentration of free hydrogen ions in water (pH) are shown, for these purposes the water quality was monitored using Sensorex sensors, the issues of sprouting are described, as well as measuring the moisture content of the root part of the green mass and the devices used for this purpose. The article concludes that the results of the research are based on the use of various innovative solutions, this is a system of transition to digital agriculture, as a result of growing hydroponic green feeds using automation elements to control and manage the receipt of primary initial state information. This, in turn, will allow the agricultural sector to be fully automated, free up useful areas of land, increase yields and reduce production costs.

Agroforestry is an essential tool for improving soil fertility and sustainable land use. We aimed to reveal the role of the old-growth shelterbelt in changing the basic Chernozem properties under the shelterbelt and at 10, 30, and 60 m distance from its edges (the south of the Central Russian Upland, Belgorod region). Our database includes organic carbon content, storage, and group composition, total nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium and calcium, the soil - water extract composition, and pH from different soil layers up to 3m. We detected the increase in humus horizon thickness, soil organic carbon content and storage, total nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium, acidification, and lowering the effervescence line in shelterbelt soil in comparison to arable ones. Agroforestry leads to the soil transformation - the shelterbelt soils differ from arable at subtype taxonomic level, and the influence of shelterbelts on adjacent arable soils can be traced up to 60 meters distant.

The work is based on the results of a continuous arable soils' agrochemical survey of the Prokhorovsky district of the Belgorod region conducted by the center of the agrochemical service "Belgorod" from 2012 to 2020. During this time, 3 research cycles were performed. The study period was divided into 2 parts: from 2012 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2020. In the course of the study, it was found that chemical reclamation techniques allowed to reduce the area of acidic soils by 25.15%, including medium and strongly acidic by 21.84%; the weighted average value of hydrolytic acidity decreased by 0.70 mmol /100 g of soil. The complex of chemical and agrotechnical measures contributed to the accumulation of soil organic matter by 0.52%, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen - by 29 mgN/kg, mobile forms of potassium - by 16, sulfur - by 3.2, manganese - by 3.08, copper - by 0.002 mg/kg, as well as an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 27.0%, spring barley - by 26.2%, soy - by 16.8%, grain sunflower - by 14.8%, grain maize - by 6.2%.

The aim of the study was to study the variability of the microaggregate composition of the soil profile of virgin gray forest soils in the western part of the West Siberian Lowland. 330 soil sections were studied, covering all subtypes of gray forest soils. Empirical data were processed using mathematical methods of variation statistics. The results of the research showed that the humus horizon of light gray forest soils is characterized by good water resistance of microaggregates - the dispersity factor on average for the sample is 14.6%, the variation is small (Cv = 19%). Gray forest soils in the humus horizon have, on average, a dispersity factor of 12.2%. This subtype, in comparison with light gray soils, has a higher variability of the dispersity factor (Cv = 24%), which is due to the variety of combinations of soil formation factors, mainly relief and vegetation. The dispersity factor of the humus horizon of dark gray forest soils averages 7.9% for the sample, which is typical for medium structured soils; the variation is estimated as small (Cv = 18%). The microaggregate composition of gray forest soils is characterized as satisfactory throughout the entire soil profile, which makes it possible to improve structure formation during agricultural development and maintain the optimal structural-aggregate composition for a long time. The results obtained can be used in the development of an adaptive-landscape system of agriculture.

The features of the accumulation and distribution of organic carbon and nitrogen in the aggregates of the arable layer of leached chernozem (Luvic Voronic Chernozems) and gray forest soil (Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems) were evaluated. After dry sieving in structural separates of dimensional fractions >10, 10-5, 5-2, 2-1, 1-0.25, and <0.25 mm, the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen was determined in the laboratory. It was found that chernozem and gray forest soil significantly differed from each other in organic carbon in all fractions of structural separates. Lumpy aggregates (>10 mm) and fine earth (<0.25 mm) were characterized by an average spatial variability (CV up to 21%) of organic carbon and total nitrogen content. In chernozem arable layer, the maximum content of organic carbon and total nitrogen was in size fractions from 5 to 0.25 mm, whereas in gray forest soil – from 10 to 2 mm. Maximum value of C:N in gray forest soil was 16.0 units in aggregates with dimensions less than 0.25 mm, and in chernozem – in the lumpy fraction (> 10 mm), where the ratio was 15.1 units it was revealed that the content of organic carbon in structural units depends on the soil type by 21%, and on the dimensional fraction by 37%. The total nitrogen content is determined by 20% by the soil type and 36% by the size of structural aggregates.

The purpose of the study was to assess the availability of phosphorus and potassium mobile forms in the humus layer of virgin gray forest soils in the western part of the West Siberian Lowland. The results of laboratory tests were processed using mathematical methods of variational statistics in Microsoft Excel. It was revealed that gray forest soils have low availability of mobile phosphorus in the humus layer (light gray - 34±17 mg/kg, gray - 44±23 mg/kg, dark gray - 52±24 mg/kg of soil). For that reason, when they are involved in arable land, continuous phosphorization or constant application of phosphorus fertilizers will be required. Also, during agricultural use, a high degree of variation in the content of mobile phosphorus should be considered (variation coefficient is 45% for dark gray and 51% for light gray and gray forest soils). Gray forest soils are characterized by a fairly good supply of mobile potassium, which content in humus layer of light gray soils is 133±45 mg/kg, gray - 140±49 mg/kg, dark gray - 164±51 mg/kg of soil. This is due to the peculiarities of the mineralogical composition of parent rock materials of gray forest soils. The variation of the content of potassium mobile forms in all subtypes is estimated as average. The research results can be applied in the development of agrochemical measures aimed at increasing the fertility of gray forest soils.

The paper considers measures to combat diseases spread by nematode viruses that infect the root system of tomatoes and cucumbers grown in closed ground and sown areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan, by installing electrical impulse discharges. The use of electropulse treatment is discussed, which does not affect the cost of harvesting, i.e. this technology does not have the results of dangerous consequences, but on the contrary, that the method of electropulse treatment effectively fights against carriers of the disease with worms. The results of experimental studies of the treatment of pathogenic plants with electropulse current discharge are analyzed, recommendations for the use of this technology are given.

The issues of studying the structure of aesthetic and consumer parameters of the environment of settlements located within the boundaries of the emerging and dynamically developing Belgorod agglomeration in the southwestern part of the country are discussed. The specific characteristics of the studied settlements and the reasons for differences in environmental assessments are determined, depending on the geographical location, including the distance from the core of the agglomeration (the city of Belgorod), and the rate of change of integral social, economic and geo-ecological processes and conditions, which is reflected in the selected clusters. The implementation of the principles and methodology for evaluating the aesthetic and consumer parameters of the environment developed by the author made it possible to calculate the coefficients of representation of the particular elements of the environment and the total coefficients for three spatiotemporal forms. The prospectiveness and the necessity of application of the research results in the development of management mechanisms for modern urban ecosystems are shown, aimed at providing and creating favorable living conditions, in accordance with the complex of ecological and aesthetic demands of the population.

The analysis of the soil cover is carried out to assess the general condition and suitability of soils for agricultural activities on it and is one of the most important indicators in the course of ecological research. The article discusses the main methods of soil cover survey on experimental fields of the Ural State Agrarian University to monitor the state of soils in this area, the results of which will be used for further research within the framework of the Ural Carbon program; the article also emphasizes the need to solve environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, the destruction of soil cover resulting in its fertility decrease. The necessity of monitoring the soil cover state is described on the example of one of the five test sites laid in the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University.

The agro-industrial complex of Russia is developing in difficult socio-economic, political conditions; however, the grain sub-complex demonstrates the sustainable nature of its development, confirming this with an increase in production volumes. The key role in this has been played by the introduced organizational, economic, managerial, and structural changes that adapt the industry to work in new economic conditions and risks. As a result, Russia is a leading player in the global food market. In the agricultural sector of the economy, there are intensive and extensive factors of present and future development. The reorientation of production towards the priority of intensive factors is possible, based on such key areas as technical and technological renewal, modernization, digital transformation of the industry, which will provide it with significant competitive advantages in the face of high global risks. The current trends in the world market, aimed at increasing demand for grain, also cause a change in the structure of production in regions. Changes in the structure of production entail changes in production volumes. Extensive factors of growth in the scale of grain production can be used to a very limited extent, without prejudice to the economy and the regional market for agricultural products. The priority direction for further development of grain production in the region should include intensive production methods. In this case, the structure of agricultural land and sown areas does not undergo significant transformation and global structural changes, and the increase in production volumes is achieved due to the complex of applied intensive methods of agricultural production.

Game theory has recently increased significantly in its role in various fields of science and areas of the country's life. It is applicable today in the economy of any country for the adoption of general economic tasks, the study of strategic problems, systems for stimulating the development of industries, the development of organizational structures. The application of game theory is considered an important aspect in the implementation of the tasks set at the state level. The Republic of Uzbekistan is considered one of the countries that have recently been trying to reach a significant stage of development, which has a fruitful effect on agriculture and greenhouse economy, their general improvement. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of using game theory in the field of greenhouse facilities in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This goal will be achieved through the analysis of the main modern scientific works, the study of analytical data and statistical indicators of the industry. The greenhouse economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan today is at a stage when significant changes are needed, the use of the most modern technologies both in the field of economic services for the industry, and fruitful interaction of individual parties. One of the most priority technologies for the development of individual areas of the greenhouse industry today is the so-called "game theory". Game theory is a prerequisite for the formation of separate and relevant directions for the development of the country's greenhouse economy, it establishes the rules for implementing the interaction of the parties-players in the process of creating strategies, functions of specific structures.

This article highlights the role of industrial enterprises in ensuring food security. The main features of the agro-industrial cluster based on production cooperation and the distribution of land allocated for total oilseeds in Kashkadarya region were analyzed. The analysis of the yield of oilseeds in the Republic of Uzbekistan and Kashkadarya region and the efficiency of cultivation of raw cotton on farms in Kashkadarya region were analyzed. The analysis of the efficiency of the crop grown on the farm "Kholiyor Bobo ogli Kholmomin" Yakkabag district of Kashkadarya region and the efficiency of the sunflower grown on the farm "Kuvatov Shakhboz Shukhratovich" Shahrisabz district of Kashkadarya region. In addition, conclusions and recommendations on ways to develop production cooperation between enterprises of agriculture and processing industry were developed.

This article describes the ways to develop production cooperation of enterprises of agriculture and processing industry. Scientific-theoretical and methodological-practical solutions to the problems of production cooperation of agricultural and industrial enterprises are covered by scientific research of CIS countries, foreign scientists and local scientists. World experience has shown that the efficiency of agricultural producers depends not only on cooperation based on the principles of internal division of labor on farms, but also on intersectoral cooperation and integration of production, storage, processing and sale of raw materials.

Currently, the increase in milk productivity is achieved by using traditional feeds and balancing additives in the diets of cows. The research was carried out in the Altai Krai in the APC "Kirov's Collective Stud Farm" on steppe red breed cows. The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of mineral and vitamin additives on milk productivity; for this purpose, 3 groups of animals were formed. The first group served as the control and received a standard farm ration (SFR), 2nd experimental – SFR and an additive containing vitamins and minerals (VMA) in the amount of 100 g/head per day, 3rd experimental – SFR and an additive containing proteins, vitamins and minerals (PVMA) in the amount of 500 g/head per day. In the course of the research, it was found that providing the SFR with additional PVMA allowed to increase the level of milk yield by 9.3% and by 12.6% in the 3rd experimental group relative to the 2nd and 1st experimental groups. The inclusion of feed additives to the diet had a significant impact on the chemical composition of milk. In the cows of the 3rd experimental group, the maximum butter-fat yielding capacity (4.65%) was noted; it exceeded the values of the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups by an average of 0.10-0.12%. The level of protein and casein in milk was higher in the experimental groups. The highest protein content was observed in the 3-experimental group - 3.28%. The analysis of casein amount indicates that the animals of the 3rd experimental group receiving PVMA reached an indicator value of 2.71%, which was 0.11-0.13% higher than in the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of PVMA in cows' feeding diets provided an increase in milk productivity and improved milk properties.

The publication presents the results of the study of three modern common oat varieties of West Siberian breeding for response to different levels of agricultural background in contrasting moistening weather conditions. The research was carried out in the northern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. The soil is leached thin chernozem, medium-humus, heavy-loamy. The following varieties were studied: Talisman, Otrada, and Foma. By applying fertilizers in the experiment, the following agricultural backgrounds were created: control, without fertilizers; medium N₆₀P₂₀ kg/ha of active substance; increased - N₉₀P₄₀; high - N₁₅₀P₆o; very high – N₂₀₀P₈₀ kg/ha. It was found that the Otrada and Foma varieties have a higher resistance to acute arid conditions compared to the Talisman variety. In a year favorable for moisture due to mineral fertilizers, the maximum yield was obtained for: Talisman – 5.62; Otrada – 6.16 and Foma - 5.78 t/ha of grain. In acutely arid conditions, the Talisman reacted more negatively, the yield of which was equal to 2.30 t/ha. In other varieties, the yield reached 3.11 and 3.36 t/ha, respectively. During the research, it was found that the Otrada and Foma varieties belong to the group of high-intensity varieties recommended for Western Siberia. Biochemical analysis of grain and calculation of influence strength indicator showed that the protein content under the action of fertilizers increases from 6.1-7.0 to 8.4-118%, the Talisman variety had minimal response to fertilizers, where the protein content reached 10.6% only in a dry, hot year. It was revealed that the fat content in oat grain depends only on the variety – the influence strength indicator is 88.9%. The starch content is determined by the weather conditions of the year (36.1%), but varietal features are distinguished.

In nature, carbon plays an important role in the circulation of organic matter in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. To understand the full picture of the farming system impact on carbon dioxide emissions, long-term stationary experiments are needed, which will reduce the influence of weather conditions on changes in organic carbon stocks in soils and develop an optimal model of the crop cultivation system considering the positive balance of organic carbon in soils. The research was carried out from 1995 to 2020 in the grain crop rotation at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the SAU of the Northern Trans-Urals, near vil. Utyashevo in the Tyumen region. Purpose. The purpose of the research was to establish the effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the intake and fixation of organic carbon with plant residues in the grain agrophytocenosis in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. The refusal to use mineral fertilizers leads to annual losses of organic carbon in the form of CO₂ up to 0.6 t/ha. The use of high doses of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield of 5.0 and 6.0 t/ha of grain annually increases the emission of CO₂ by 0.4-0.6 t/ha per year. In these variants, the carbon received from plant residues is not fixed in the soil. A positive balance of organic carbon is provided only by the use of doses of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield of 3.0 and 4.0 t/ha of grain, which annually increases the carbon stock in the soil by 0.4-0.6 t/ha, and up to 14-21% is fixed from the incoming organic carbon in the form of plant residues in the soil.

The paper reports the results of field experiments that analysed changes in germination capacity, growth indicators and productivity of two crops in response to seed inoculation: field mustard (Brassica campestris L.) of the Vostochnaya variety (k-274) and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum subsp. asiaticum Vavilov) of k-7516 variety. Morphometric parameters and productivity of dry mass were measured during the major stages of crop development. The seeds of field mustard were inoculated with the following bacterial products: Mizorin (Arthrobacter mysorens, strain 7), Mobilin (Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain PG-5) and Flavobakterin (Flavobacterium sp., strain 30). The seeds of emmer wheat were inoculated with Psevdomonas (Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain PG-5) and Rizoagrin (Agrobacterium radiobacter, strain 204). In addition, we also tested biinoculation (combined use of two bacterial products) for each crop. The study aimed to analyse changes in growth indicators and productivity of field mustard and emmer wheat in response to mono- and biinoculation of seeds with plant-associated rhizobacteria. The experiments showed that the application of bacterial products and increasing doses of mineral nitrogen has a stimulating effect on plants. The study proved monoinoculation to be more effective than biinoculation. This may be due to the competing effect of rhizobacterial strains from different bacterial products once the biinoculated seeds are put in soil.

The technical process of linting and preparing raw cotton for processing, when it is subjected to a series of sequential operations, which ultimately affect the indicators characterizing both the quality and quantity yield of the finished product. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the production process of lintered cotton seeds, which consists in reducing the yield of substandard cotton seeds and reducing the consumption of energy and natural resources, by including in the process control system of the genie-linter shop of the local automatic control system (ACS) of the lintering.

The increasing areas under leguminous crops and the general increase in the intensification of production force agricultural producers to combine seed inoculation and dressing in one step, carrying it out a few days before sowing. In this regard, it is of practical interest to study the resistance of rhizobia strains of inoculants to osmotic and chemical stresses, i.e. the nature of the dynamics of their viability on seeds and in contact with pesticides. The stability of two strains of soybean nodule bacteria (B. japonicum 634 and B. japonicum H9) to osmotic and chemical stresses (fungicidal mordants) was studied. According to the results of the study, pesticidal protectants had different toxicity degrees for the studied strains, which allowed them to be arranged in order of increasing toxicity for rhizobia: Baisad, VSK; Tirada, SK; Oplot, VSK). Soybean rhizobium strain B. japonicum H9 is defined as more osmotically and chemically stable, i.e., more adapted to modern agricultural technologies of soybean cultivation, which ensures the presence of at least 2·10⁴CFU per 1 seed 9 days after inoculation, while the number of viable cells of strain B. japonicum 634b per 1 seed drops to 0 within 3 days after inoculation. Osmotic resistance of the strain allows for effective inoculation of seeds at least 9 days before sowing, and chemical resistance allows for effective combination of an inoculant based on this strain and all the pesticide protectants studied in this work into one working solution.

In our work on the basis of economic literature, statistics and scientific works in periodicals, we analyzed the international experience of conducting agricultural risk insurance in other countries, special attention was paid to issues of state support for this industry. As a result of the study, we identified the features of conducting agricultural insurance abroad, which can be further adapted to the conditions of the Russian insurance market and applied in order to improve and develop the mechanism of agricultural insurance in our country. The article also examined the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the development of the agricultural insurance market with state support. The main indicator of market development is the share of insured sown areas and livestock of farm animals. The dynamics of these indicators over the past six years has shown that the level of agricultural insurance protection in our country is at a low level, despite the fact that in 2019 there was a positive trend to the world average indicators is still very far away. Much attention was paid to indicators characterizing the level of state support for this industry in our country. As a result of research, it was determined that the agricultural risk insurance system lacks budget funds, and its development directly depends on the amount of funding. It should also be noted that large agricultural producers are mostly involved in the insurance process, and for small-scale farming, the proposed insurance products are mostly inaccessible due to the high cost. Further, the main problems of the development of the agricultural insurance mechanism were identified and directions for improving the state support system for this industry were outlined.

The main task in the dairy farming organization is to obtain calves whose health directly depends on the immuno-biochemical status of their mothers. In our country and abroad, interest in probiotic preparation is increasing to maintain the biochemical and immunological status, to improve digestion, metabolism, as well as to increase the cows' dairy productivity. Probiotic preparations of the Vetom series are widely used in this industry. The aim of the study was to study the effect of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic preparation on the immuno-biochemical status of cows. Experimental studies were carried out in JSC "Uchkhoz "Prigorodnoye" in Barnaul on Russian black pied cows in the autumn-winter period. During the research, we have identified the following: 1. The use of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic preparation has a positive effect on the biochemical parameters' dynamics of cows' blood serum, and therefore, on the immuno-biochemical status of animals; 2. The use of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic contributes to an increase in immunoglobulins' level in cows' colostrum, thereby such colostrum can help to increase the resistance and safety of young animals.

The presented research is the first to study the fodder productivity, nutritive and energy value of new varieties of Festulolium of different morphotypes in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia. In the green mass of the studied varieties crude protein content was quite low ranging from 6.2 to 9.7%, which was 1.4-2.3 times lower than required by zootechnical norms for cattle feeding. The studied varieties of Festulolium were distinguished by a rather high content of soluble sugars, which was 14.7-19.4%. The Viknel variety contained more digestible protein (68.74-76.01 g), but this value did not differ much from other varieties, in which it ranged from 64.78 to 72.47 g/kg of green mass. Among the studied varieties of Festulolium the highest yield of green mass was obtained in the second and third years of grass stand life. Productivity of the Izumrudnyi fescue-type mowing variety reached 40.31-44.09 t/ha, which was 1.3-1.9 times higher than that of ryegrass-type mowing-and-grazing varieties, the yield of which was 23.07-31.24 t/ha.

The authors assess the influence of meteorological factors on the yield of Festulolium seeds. The analysis of weather conditions over 12 years shows that precipitation during the growing season of Festulolium in the second year of vegetation closely correlates with seed yield (r = 0.85). The relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation over the growing season is expressed by the regression equation: Y = 190.52 + 3.2894x₁. The yield was closely correlated with the HTC (r = 0.80). This relationship can be expressed by the following equation: Y = 189.91 + 562.8x₂. It is found that the optimal conditions for Festulolium seed yield formation arise when at least 147 mm of precipitation falls within the growing season (mostly during the period from aftergrowth to flowering), the hydrothermal coefficient is 0.8-1.7, the average daily temperature is within 17-19°C in the flowering phase and 18-21°C during the period of seed formation-ripening, and the proportion of days without precipitation in the flowering phase is at least 57%.

The leading role in the issue of ensuring the food security belongs to the agricultural sector, which, in the context of the introduction of anti-Russian economic sanctions, was forced to mobilize in a short time and begin to accelerate the production of those types of agricultural products, the deficit of which was previously filled by importing food products from abroad. The main and important thing for the development of all branches of the agro-industrial complex is the increase in the gross grain harvest. Grain production is one of the most important foundations of the crop industry and all agricultural production. There is a close relationship between grain production and certain sectors of the agro-industrial complex and industry. And the main strategic importance in the production of grain and ensuring the food security of our country is to solve a number of important issues - increasing and improvement of the efficiency of grain production, improvement of the gross yield of various grain crops, as well as expansion of sown areas in agriculture. According to many experts the importance of development of a strategy in agricultural production shall rely on its main feature - all production facilities and divisions of this industry are connected with the production of agricultural products as with the main specialization. An important principle, which shall be followed by the formation of a strategy for the development of the grain product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex, is the mandatory processing of its strategic goals with various factors that are determined by its natural and economic potential. The agrarian policy of modern Russia shall be comprehensive, based on sufficient funding and a stable legislative framework. Also it shall take into account the significant regional differentiation in the levels of agricultural development.

The article provides functional properties' overview of vegetable raw materials – flax seeds. The studies' data on the determination of organoleptic parameters, the content and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in samples enriched with flax seeds, linseed oil compared to the control sample are presented. Introduction of functional ingredients increased the nutritional value of convenience food. The positive effect of oil flax seeds on the organoleptic characteristics of the developed chopped convenience food was noted. Increasing the proportion of Omega-3 in convenience food and improving the ratio of Omega-3:Omega-6 in the developed convenience food has a positive effect on the protective functions of the body and the activity of the cardiovascular system during the pandemic of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2).

Grain pests cause significant damage to agriculture. In the process of storage, in the absence of proper monitoring and control over the state of the grain heap, various harmful insects develop in it. In the conditions of the laboratory of Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I, granary weevils (Sitophilus granaries L.) and flour weevils (Tribolium confusum L.) were found in winter wheat grain, which were subjected to subsequent ozonation. Since ozone concentrations in the ozone-air mixture are very high (70...2000 mg/m3), which is very dangerous for human health, the aim of the studies was to determine the effectiveness of ozone treatment under less stringent regimes. As a result, it was found that to completely destroy the granary weevils (Sitophilus granaries L.), an ozone concentration in the range of 2.86...5.06 mg/m3 with an exposure time of 280 min is sufficient. Since it is very difficult to maintain a constant gas content, it is necessary to focus on the dose of ozone above 1200 mg·min/m3. To completely destroy the flour weevils (Tribolium confusum L.), it should be ozonize at the specified parameters for at least 460 min. In this case, the dose of ozone should exceed 2000 mg·min/m3. Ozonize should be carried by the death of insects until 40...50%, the rest die within the next 24 hours.

The present model of development of the Russian agriculture, characterized by domination of large agri-food companies, creates threats for sustainable development of small agricultural business (local and family farms). Potential disappearance of these small businesses from the market would undermine the sustainability of the Russian agriculture and the food security of Russian Federation. In order to survive in this unfavorable environment, small business should combine their resources, participate in agri-food value chains and get access to Russian and global food market. The goal of the present paper is to identify potential strategies of development of small agricultural business within different models of cooperation. The paper contains a detailed analysis of key features of clusters and cooperatives. It is demonstrated that clusters as flexible structures have a higher potential of resource accumulation thanks to absence of limitations for potential members. Clusters also ensure trans-border cooperation. All these features are absent in agricultural cooperatives. Due to these facts clusters should be preferred to cooperatives as a tool of strategic development of small agricultural business. However cooperatives can be used as an additional tool. Cooperatives can participate in clusters. These conclusions constitute the contribution of the present paper for practice. In addition to this recommendation for selection of strategies of small business development, the comparative analysis of clusters and cooperatives helped to identify the key distinctive features of clusters as institutional structures. Knowledge of these features may be useful for analysis of cluster development. This result is the theoretical contribution of the present paper.

This article discusses some theoretical issues and structural capabilities of the tray cleaner working body. The process of cutting the deposited layer with an active working body. On the significant influences of the translational working speed on the cutting process of the alluvial soil layer, as well as on the effects of the speed parameter of the working body on its energy intensity.

Research work has been carried out for several years in order to mechanize the technological process of dams' compaction and the development of a dam compactor. As a result of the experiments, the design of the dam compactor and the types of operating bodies were selected, the main optimal dimensions of the dam compactor were determined and mathematically analyzed. It was revealed that the main parameters of the dam compactor affecting the compaction process of temporary irrigating canal dams are cone roller diameter, length and width of the plate compactor, and the angle of dam nip. These parameters have been substantiated by theoretical and experimental studies. The optimal values of these parameters were determined by the mathematical planning of the experiment; below are the limits, as well as the variation levels of these factors. Based on the results obtained, an improved dam compactor was manufactured, and experimental studies were conducted in the field. At the same time, an increase in productivity relative to existing methods has been achieved and the compaction index has been brought to the required value. The mathematical model of the research object is the response function of an equation linking optimization parameters with controlled factors. The hypothesis of variance uniformity in the same non-repeated experiments was tested using the Cochran's test, and the significance of the regression coefficients was determined by the Student's criterion. The adequacy of the process model was checked by the Fisher criterion. After processing the experimental data and evaluating the coefficients' significance, regression equations describing the dam compaction process by the dam height and the compaction degree of the temporary irrigating canal dam were obtained. The main dimensions of compacting operating bodies of the dam compactor were selected.

The article presents information on the effectiveness of a two-component herbicide on soybean crops. The effectiveness of its use at different rates of application and application both with and without adjuvants, as well as species sensitivity to weeds have been studied. The variants of chemical weeding, in which the maximum suppression of weeds was achieved, providing a high yield of soybean grain, were determined.

O. cornuta is a monovaltine polylectic bee, which in natural conditions prefers to forage, visiting fruit and berry crops, or, if they are missing, other plant species. With the aim of defining whether a bee under study is able to mate and build a nest in the summertime, detecting temperature conditions of the first emergence of individuals and specifying the duration of a lifecycle of breeding stock during the period of active flight, we conducted an experiment on the field of alfalfa Medicago sativa (Linnaeus, 1753) in agricultural limited liability company "Timiryazevskoe" in Amvrosievskiy raion, in the summertime (the third decade of June – the first decade of July). The data were obtained after artificially prolonged cold diapause of cocoons. For prolongation of diapause, refined cocoons of imagoes were placed in the fridge. After removal of cocoons from the fridge, incubated breeding stock was transported to the experimentation area and placed in previously prepared artificial nesting constructions. For nesting of future offspring bundles of single-channel reed were used. When nesting constructions had been installed, we started to observe emergence of male imagoes, followed by emergence of female imagoes. The article provides information about seasonal and circadian activity, lifecycle of bees O.cornuta. The received data could be used to plan artificial breeding of O.cornuta with a view to pollination of entomophilous agricultural plants on open ground during the summer period.

The article provides a basis for the need to reform the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan in general, and its fruit and vegetable industry in particular. The main problems faced by the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan were the high costs of collection, transportation, storage, processing, packaging and certification when delivering products from the field to end-users. Limited processing and packaging capacity of farms, which produce the bulk of fruit and vegetable exports in Uzbekistan, leads to significant losses. It should be noted that the share of agro-clusters in the markets of developed countries (European Union, USA and Canada) exceeds 40%, and in Uzbekistan this direction is only developing. In this regard, the article used the following tasks: to study the theoretical basis for the creation of agro-clusters to analyze the current economic situation in the country, to make recommendations for the creation of agro-clusters in fruit and vegetable products. Industry of Uzbekistan.

The purpose of this article is an attempt to substantiate the possibility of using a new technology for cleaning the industrial atmosphere in a separate workshop of the Taldykorgan battery plant "Kainar AKB", which produces, in particular, powerful batteries for K–700 tractors for agriculture. The innovative technology of air purification proposed by us in the technosphere of the manufacture of batteries for the agricultural production complex is based on the use of transport ion-conducting properties of solid electrolytes made of stabilized zirconium dioxide. The traditional methods of industrial atmosphere purification in enterprises and factories known to us, in our opinion, are morally outdated in terms of bulky external dimensions, noise generation, and need for systematic maintenance. The installation developed by us from a superionic conductor is devoid of these disadvantages, it is low-inertia, does not create a noise effect, compact and small-sized. Our ion conducting solid electrolyte is a ceramic material in the form of pipes, test tubes, tablets, initially containing impurity cations of lower valence, such as calcium, yttrium, scandium, in comparison with zirconium. Actually, these impurity cations create the presence of vacancies or holes in the solid cubic structure of zirconium dioxide. Only oxygen anions will be transported through these vacancies under the effect of external factors, high temperature, and DC electric field. The research method is based on the measurement of the electromotive force, which is recorded at the boundary section: air/superionic/air, which is uniquely mathematically related to oxygen concentration in air stream.

The studies found that doses of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc and copper chelates positively affected the yield of hulles barley grain with foliar fertilizing on ordinary chernozem of the steppe zone of the Omsk region. With a yield of 1.34 t/ha in the control variant, the application of macro- and micro-fertilizers contributed to the formation of 1.40-1.56 t/ha of grain. Nitrogen fertilizing without micronutrients is effective and has led to a significant increase in yield (0.09 - 0.15), as well as the use of micronutrients against nitrogen: 0.09 together with 15 kg of nitrogen and 0.11 together with 30 kg of nitrogen. The increase in yield from the application of zinc and copper separately was also noted, but less significant: 0.04 - 0.07 t/ha. The highest yield was formed when using N₃₀Zn₂₀Cu₂₀. The improvement of plant nutrition conditions with the help of fertilizers mainly has a positive effect on the protein content in grain and nature. It was revealed that the sum of amino acids in the protein increases from 8.39% without fertilizing to a maximum of 10.59 (variants with foliar fertilizing in the tillering phase N₁₅Zn₂₀ and N₃₀Zn₂₀Cu₂₀).

In an experiment on quasi-gleyed agrochernozem in the south of Western Siberia, it was found that biological preparations (biological fertilizers and growth stimulants) are effective when used for spring wheat by seed treatment method. With a yield of 2.41 t/ha in the control variant, the use of biological preparations contributed to the formation of 2.70-2.88 t/ha of grain. The greatest effect is obtained from the use of variants: azotovit + phosphatovit and azotovit + phosphatovit + potassium humate. The use of biofertilizers has a positive effect on the soil nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus content. The use of stimulants did not significantly affect the fertility level. Biological fertilizers and growth stimulants had a positive effect on crop quality indicators. It was revealed that the sum of amino acids increases from 9.24% without fertilizers to the highest 9.81% in the variant with potassium humate.

The article shows the effectiveness of the biological product "SHER" developed by "Scientific Industrial Enterprise" AltaiAgroFarm Ltd "(Kazakhstan) on a carrier in the form of screening from local wastes of limestone-shell rock in the process of cleaning soils from oil with a high paraffin content. The results of NGS-sequencing of the consortium of microorganism as part of the probiotic biological product "SHER" established a microbiome of the following type: at the class level 96.15% of all representatives of the consortium were identified as Bacilli, of which 95.69% of bacteria at the order level were identified as Lactobacillales. A method has been developed for immobilizing bacteria of the biological product "SHER" on a carrier in the form of screening out from local waste of shell limestone. Based on the research results, it was established that the immobilization of bacteria of the biological product "SHER" by the carrier in the form of screening of limestone-shell rock showed a high degree of purification of oil-contaminated soil (88.63%). To study the further activity of bacteria, experiments were carried out on the secondary use of the residual stock solution of the biological product "SHER" used in the process of cleaning oil-contaminated soil. The results of experimental studies using residual mother liquor and immobilization by screenings showed the degree of soil purification (45.7%). X-ray spectral analysis determined the elemental composition of the cleaned soil, revealed the presence of a low content of metals: 1.42% Fe and 0.84% Al. It was found that on a carrier in the form of screening out from local wastes of limestone-shell rock, the effectiveness of the biological product "SHER" increases.

In Kazakhstan, melon growing is cultivated using chemical fertilizers. Organic production is not practiced where there being no research. Our country, possessing a great high-quality variety, can be the focus of world community attention as a producer and supplier of ecological melon. Besides economic interests, changeover from traditional methods of cultivation to biological one is of great importance in ecological aspect. Unregulated and too high agrochemicals application causes a number of negative consequences, upwards from soil pollution with severe salts to poisoning caused using low-quality products. The most popular and regulated elements of biological melon cultivation in production include organic fertilizers instead of chemical ones. Therefore, our research is aimed to study bioorganic fertilizers on melon culture under Southeastern Kazakhstan. Scientific experiments were held at the experimental sites of the «Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute» LLP. We experimented using classical research methods generally adopted in melon cultivation. The findings showed that bioorganic fertilizers improve the growth parameters and quality of melon culture, and increase fruit productivity. The yield growth on the studied options for control ranged from 31.23% to 41.71%, depending on the nutritional conditions.

Drinking water is the most valuable resource for human life and for the existence of all life on Earth. Scientists predict that about half of the world's population will experience water shortages by 2030. Purification of fresh water from contamination to the required quality standards is one of the most demanded engineering tasks. Taking into account the prevailing hydrogeological conditions, the removal of dissolved iron from the water of underground horizons is more in demand. Iron removal technology includes the use of oxidizing agents: oxygen, chlorine, potassium permanganate and ozone. It is ozone, due to its high oxidizing potential - 2.07 V, that has become worldwide in industrial water treatment systems, where it is generated using a corona discharge. But in water purification systems of low productivity, up to 1000 l / h, ozone is practically not used, due to the high cost of such generators. The Sterlight S8Q-OZ lamp was proposed as an alternative for ozone generation. According to the manufacturer's data, the lamp can produce ozone in a concentration of 1.59 to 2.82 mg / l when an air flow of 141.5 to 28.3 liters per hour passes through it. A new technological scheme was developed for deferrization of water in a stream using ozone generated by an ultraviolet lamp or a block of lamps. The installation contains an injector, an improved mixing chamber with a bottom inlet of the ozone-air mixture with Pall rings, a sand-gravel filter, an ultraviolet sterilizer lamp. The design feature was that small doses of ozone produced from the air under the influence of ultraviolet radiation with a length of 185 nm oxidized the iron dissolved in water. As a result of the tests carried out, the iron content in the source water was reduced from 2.58 mg / l to 0.02 mg / l, which is 10.0 times lower than the maximum permissible values of the EU sanitary requirements and 15.0 times lower than the maximum permissible values of sanitary requirements of the Russian Federation and the USA. It has also been noted that iron oxidation is significantly improved in the presence of 10% STIROX catalyst based on total backfill.

The danger assessment of using pesticides and the effectiveness of reducing the pesticide load in agrocenoses of grain crops and fodder beet according to the indicators of predicted pollution and agro-eco-toxicological index (AETI) was carried out. A significant decrease in the predicted agrocenoses' contamination indicators with pesticides and AETI was found with a decrease in the fungicides consumption rates by 50% and insecticides by 20% when combined with silicon compounds. The comparison of indicators of predicted pollution and AETI for grain crops agrocenoses in different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The greatest danger is the use of pesticides in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils due to their low self-cleaning ability.

The article presents the material on the most up-to-date, the global problem of protein deficiency in complete feedback for fish. One of the ways to solve this problem may be the use of white lupine (Lupinus Albus) in the structures of feed recipes. An important condition for the successful development of fish farming and the implementation of planned products for the production of products, to ensure food safety, occupy feeding issues. The decision of this issue puts a number of tasks to ensure feedback, rational methods of production, on the basis of advanced scientific achievements that contribute to the technological, economic development of the industry. Therefore, in experienced formulations of complete feed, the main task was to replace the white most expensive protein component into Lupine, that is, fish flour. In the first experienced recipe, the amount of lupine natives was 10%, which made it possible to reduce the fisherous flour content by 7%. The second experimental recipe in its structure contained lupine white without a shell in an amount of 22%, this made it possible to reduce the content of fish flour by 14%. The third experienced rechart contained Lupine without a shell of 25%, which made it possible to reduce the content of fish flour by 19%. Consequently, the use of white lupine in the formulations of complete feed, makes it possible to improve their nutritional value. And the use of lupine without a shell makes it possible to replace high-fingered animal feed in greater volume.

In the article, based on the results of studies of the effectiveness of the action on the sacbrood virus of bees, it was found that, based on the identification of qualitative signs of infection of the virus under study in the culture of PT cells in the form of the formation of a large number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, heating to 50-70°C for 10 minutes does not contribute to reducing the virulence of the virus. The death of the virus is observed at a temperature of 100°C for 10 min. The drug BashApiDez (Active substances: hydrogen peroxide 3.5%, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride 1.4%) in a dilution of 1: 100000 is not able to eliminate the infecting ability of SBV. It was also found that the treatment of the sacbrood desease with the drug "Bactopol" does not contribute to its elimination.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the content of such important elements of fertility as phosphorus and potassium and the acidity of arable soils in the vicinity of the Mishkino Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan is determined. The data on the content of phosphorus and potassium and the determination of acidity in the soils of the Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1976 to 2000 were compared. Studies on the phosphorus content in the soils of the Mishkino district conducted in 1976 showed an average level of phosphorus availability. Studies conducted in 1992 showed a slight increase in the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Studies in 2015 and 2020 showed a continuing trend of increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Studies conducted to study the potassium content showed a fairly low potassium content in 1976. In 1992, in general, there were changes in the classes of security and in the amount of potassium content in the soil. Studies in 2015 and 2020 showed a steady trend towards an increase in potassium content in the soils of the district and the presence of soils only with an increased and high potassium content. Studies on soil acidity conducted in 1976 showed that the area of arable soils is mainly represented by medium-acid and slightly acidic soils. Studies in 1992 showed an increase in soil acidity. In the following years, the farm undertook methods of agrochemical effects on soils in order to reduce acidity. Research 2015. and 2020 showed a significant decrease in the acidity of arable soils. It has been established that due to the use of methods of rational nature management of territories, the area of agricultural soils with an average and increased content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increases, processes of neutralization of strongly acidic soils occur.

In recent years, due to the irrational use of land and the irregular implementation of agro-reclamation measures, there has been a rise in the level of mineralized groundwater and secondary salinization of soils, which has affected the decline in the seed-cotton yield. The area of nonsaline soils in this region is decreasing from year to year, and there is also a shortage of water resources. Irrigated lands are mostly plowed to a depth of only 30 cm. Such shallow basic tillage for such a long time contributed to the formation of a rigid "plow pan" in the arable layer and an increase in soil bulk weight and salinization, which negatively affected the yield of agricultural crops, including cotton. Currently, in serozems (grey earth), the basic tillage is carried out to a depth of 30 cm. Shallow soil plowing for many years affects the density formation in the soil layer, that is, an increase in the bulk weight of the soil and its salinization, which negatively affects the yield of cotton plantations. This complex of negative factors leads to a decrease in the fertility of serozems and soil erosion. Scientists of the Agricultural Experiment Station for Cotton and Melon Growing, in conditions of progressive dehumification and to prevent soil salinity, as well as to increase their soil fertility and cotton yield on irrigated gray-earth soils, scientific research was conducted based on the use of complex intensive agro-reclamation measures.

Currently, in the agriculture of the Turkestan region, all agricultural products are obtained as a result of the use and introduction of chemicals and pesticides. Nevertheless, all these chemicals have done more harm than profit, they primarily pollute the soil and the environment with biogenic elements. In recent years, optimal norms of organic and biological fertilizers have not been applied in irrigated lands, based on this, dehumification is progressing in gray-earth soils and leads to soil salinization. In this regard, the question of restoring soil processes arises, and, above all, organic fertility, ensuring an increase in organic matter reserves in the soil and obtaining environmentally friendly cotton products using only organic and biological meliorants. Therefore, scientists-cotton breeders, in conditions of medium-saline gray-earth irrigated soils, conducted scientific research on intensive methods of organic farming technology on cotton plantations in the south of Kazakhstan.

This study is aimed to analyze the total contamination of the soil of the CAPE with heavy metals and metalloids in the area, the ferry complex and farms on the Sandy Cape. During the survey of the coastal zone of Cape Peschanyi, the route method with the laying of 7 trial plots (TP) with background TP-7 was used. Total content of the heavy metals (HM) was determined by a laboratory spectrophotometer of HACH DR-2400 (USA). Studies of the ecological state of the coastal zone of Cape Sandy, after the introduction of an international multimodal transport hub that provides access to Europe, are the first and allowed us to identify the degree of anthropogenic transformation. The availability of farms testifies to the suitability of the Cape's soils for cultivation and crops. The assessment of the ecological state of the soils of the ferry complex, "melon" farms, and the territory of the national reserve with a conservation status is relevant and timely. The results of the analysis of the content of heavy metals and metalloid allowed us to identify pollutants that affect melons. According to the results of calculations, on P-2, ST=16.5 the level of pollution is moderately dangerous, on the other PP, within the acceptable level. The range of a variation less than 1, only for hexavalent chrome Cr⁶⁺, is bound to the fact that chrome is easily mobilized in alkaline soils. Statistical processing of the results by Statistica 10 had shown that the Kruskal-Wallis criterion is statistically significant for the elements Cr, Cd, Cu and Co.