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All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

With the increase in size and complexity if modern datasets, the world is faced with new challenges in the automation and scalability of the very large data sets. Scheduling has been an active area of research in computing systems since their inception. The main objective is to study MapReduce framework, MapReduce model, scheduling in hadoop, various scheduling algorithms and various optimization techniques in job scheduling. Scheduling algorithms of MapReduce model using hadoop vary with design and behaviour, and are used for handling many issues like data locality, awareness with resource, energy and time.

Agriculture is the backbone of our country. However, in spite of all the development, Indians still follow the old methods. It is necessary for the farmers to have knowledge of the amounts of the macronutrients and micronutrients present in the soil. Lab testing method will not be able to visualize the soil nutrients for the live monitoring. This project is intended to provide the soil testing services at farmers door step by determining the amount of macronutrients present in the soil. Measurement of NPK contents of the soil is necessary to decide how much extra contents of these nutrients are to be added in the soil to increase crop fertility. This will improve the quality of the soil which in turn yields a good quality crop. To fulfill increasing demand of growing population over the years there is a need of increase in food production. To increase crop yield, fertilizers containing predominantly N, P and K are essential. Improper use of fertilizers in turn results in poor quality of fruits and vegetables, lagging in colour, size, taste and even quantity. Over-application of fertilizers has caused low fertilizer usage efficiency, resulting in low agricultural product quality, serious environmental pollution, etc. Quantity of NPK is dependent on crop type and on plant growth status. How much quantity of fertilizer to be used is further dependent on present contents of NPK in the soil. The project is implemented using a technology called WUSN which is used to detect the amount of NPK present in the soil and an automatic soil fertilizer dispensing robot is used to dispense only the required amount of fertilizers in the soil based on the data obtained by the sensors.

In 21st century, the medical industry is tending to reach its pinnacle, unattended and ignored medical emergencies still remain a loophole in the system. Hence this paper proposes the idea of medical heli-carriage. The proposed system promises to reach the patient irrespective of local traffic conditions, variable terrains and climatic conditions. It employs solar power as the primary energy source and also has sufficient battery backup in case of inadequate solar energy. Under any unlikely event of technical fault in the system, it will acknowledge the nearest medical heli-carriage available and the task will be rescheduled to the latter. It will be capable of carrying first aid medical instruments along with two institutional staffs and the patient. Under any critical situation, the patient will tap on the smart watch, which will send a signal to the nearest hospital. The GPS location of the received signal will be tracked by the hospital and fed into the heli-carriage so that it can reach the very location to the earliest. Hence, the system can prove out to be a revolutionary step in the modern medical industry.

In this project, we are designing a standard library cell with 90nm technology using GNU/Electric with MOCMOS technology. The library cell consists of 24 cells with each cell having the following views: Icon, Schematic and Layout. The standard library cell includes Basic Gates, Adder circuits, Flip-flops, Latches and Multiplexers. The parameters: Rise Time, Fall Time and Area for all these cells are calculated and listed in a table. Area of each cell in this library is compared with 180nm (CMOS Cells) and 300nm (MUDD Library) technologies. Simulation of each cell is done using LT-SPICE software. GDS file is generated for these cells and 3D view of the layouts is also shown.

In Systematic agriculture the accurate readings of soil nutrients are needed, which includes specific crop management. The nutrients applications are adjusted accordingly on requirement basis. The fertility of the soil decides the essential amount of nutrients and water adequacy for proper yield. In soil chemical testing, analytical laboratories provide insufficient data, only few testing are carried out and other essentials were ignored. To enhances from this, our idea deals with complete soil.

Osteoarthritis (OA), is a joint disease which is consider as incurable in nature. The OA causes results in joint damage. Knee osteoarthritis is one of the major disease which causes damages in the cartilage between femur and tibia. The patellofemoral region is mainly involved in knee osteoarthritis. The main aim of this study is to measure the forces during the walking movement in left and right part of patello femoral joint for OA patients and normal subjects. The objective is to design a circuit to measure forces and to test the difference between OA patients and normal subjects. The hardware circuit was designed using NI ELVIS ( National Instrument Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite), which is used to interface the sensors with the labVIEW software. The labVIEW software is used to acquire data from the sensors. The circuit was designed using two FSR sensors (Force Sensitive Resistor) which are fitted to the upper part of the patellofemoral joint on right and left knee separately. The forces which are obtained by the walking movement within the duration of three minutes. The measured output shows a decrement in force compare to normal and OA subjects and it also has been identified that right knee force is greater than left knee force.

Any system or network is always susceptible to attacks. If an adversary has access to the network, they may disrupt the network in several ways. Sybil attack, selective forwarding, tampering, etc., are some of the attacks that disrupt the network. If the sensor network is employed in critical areas such as warzones or border protection systems, any attack or breach of security may prove to be fatal. Therefore, proper security mechanisms have to be integrated into the system to ensure that the data remains secure. In our project, we intend to identify and isolate the compromised nodes that selectively forwards data packets. The proposed protocol uses a reputation based system to determine the integrity of the neighboring nodes. Once a compromised node has been identified, that node is excluded from further communication after verification from base station.

Clustering is one important method for extending the network energy in WSNs. It mires grouping of sensor nodes into clusters and recruiting cluster Head (CHs) for all the clusters. CHs rally the data from relevant cluster's nodes and forward the accumulated data to cluster Master. WSN are inclusive to various attacks in which Blackhole a kind of Denial of Service (DoS) attack is very crucial to encounter and defend the mechanism. The attackers elect a set of neighbor nodes in the network and reconstruct the route to downfall the received packets instead of forwarding them to the sink node, which will emerge in a situation where packets enter the blackhole area but never reaches the destination resulting in higher end-to-end delay and decline in the throughput. In this paper, We use SHA(Secure Hashing algorithm) Cluster based Futuristic Method for detecting black hole attack in WSNs. By using the proposed technique we adapts filtering technique to the attacker and prevent from the BlackHole attacker and improving the performance such as throughput, delay and packet delivery ratio.

The Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are a different type of ad hoc network, which contain communicating entities that are in motion with different velocity along with lacking in infrastructure. Hence, this work needs the establishment of more consistent end-to-end communicating pathways and efficiently transferring data. We have presented a new security-aware routing algorithm called Deep learning-based prediction. The presented scheme is more efficient and reliable against different kinds of attacks such as black hole and malicious node penetration attempts to the entire network. It basically depends upon route link error recover and shortest path by using Dijkstra's algorithm. The aim of this scheme is to identify malicious data and black hole nodes. The simulation results of eDC-NC are compared with already existing techniques called COPE in terms of Energy consumption (EC), throughput and network lifetime (NLT). This helps to achieve better performance and filter unwanted data by applying deep learning filtering technique.

To analyse allergy dataset and find which food item contains allergy causing chemicals. Nourishment hypersensitivities have dependably been a general medical issue yet are winding up more applicable around the world. There are a few chemicals which are present in different food items causing a particular kind of allergy. The main idea of the paper is to analyse those food items and put them into different groups based on the allergy being caused, which can help people choose which food item to avoid easily. With no fix accessible, individuals experiencing food allergies need to entirely maintain a strategic distance from real allergens, for example, eggs, shellfish, nuts, wheat, and soybeans. That is on the grounds that even somewhat undesirable or unfavorably susceptible substance can cause serious indications in a few people, possibly prompting hypersensitivity and death. The paper aims to survey on the above mentioned problems.

This paper presents the Nano cavity Implementation of the biosensors in the detection of melanoma cancer tissue. The key challenge in the work is to provide the accuracy for the biosensors and the results are obtained. The developed design shows a path advancing field of medical aspects with the development of Nano plasmon technologies. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology is used, the concept depends on the refractive index of the selected slab layer. The refractive index material of the normal cancer by comparing it with the refractive index of the melanoma cancer tissue in order to know the tissue is cancerous are non-cancerous. Sensitivity for different sensor design is investigated. The overall highest sensitivity obtained is 300 nm/RIU for 1550 nm of wavelength.

The overall percentage of child abusements filed nowadays in the world is about 80%, out of which 74% are girl children and the rest are boys. For every 40 seconds, a child goes missing in this world. Children are the backbone of one's nation, if the future of children was affected, it would impact the entire growth of that nation. Due to the abusements, the emotional and mental stability of the children gets affected which in turn ruins their career and future. These innocent children are not responsible for what happens to them. So, parents are responsible for taking care of their own children. But, due to economic condition and aims to focus on their child's future and career, parents are forced to crave for money. Hence, it becomes difficult to cling on to their children all the time. In our system, we provide an environment where this problem can be resolved in an efficient manner. It makes parents to easily monitor their children in real time just like staying beside them as well as focusing on their own career without any manual intervention.

The instructing technique is never again reasonable for the creation mode with human – robot cooperation. A web based showing technique with the combination of discourse and motion, this application is described by the educator to control the robot camera based video data or using MEMS hardware interface using Zigbee – voice heading can be seen using Android application. The training procedure is never again sensible for the creation mode. An electronic appearing with the blend of discourse, change of the endeavor is to teach the robot to compose by giving three evident sources of information like Voice direction, Camera based information or utilizing MEMS equipment interface utilizing Zigbee. Voice direction can be perceived utilizing android application.

The current trend circulates around posting personal photos and other information on social network sites. Although this seems fun and is used by numerous youngsters, photos and information can be easily misused. In order to protect privacy and to have control over it, we introduce an algorithm. The algorithm first checks if the user has a valid original profile, then accesses information on the viewer and then displays the information which is related between the two. A higher level of privacy can be enforced by only displaying this common information between the two profiles.

This work aims on utilising the potential benefits of Prosopis Juliflora which is abundant and is a threat to environment. Many works were done on prosopis Juliflora wood to bring out the thermal properties and this is the first time we tried to bring out the mechanical properties of its bark powder as in the form of composites. This work extracts the mechanical benefits of Prosopis Juliflora powder, glass fibre mat and epoxy resin to be suitable for the structural applications. Specimen with above hybrid composites were made and major tests were done to prove it to be suitable for structural applications. Experimental values were to br in good agreement with the theoretical.

The assimilation of natural fibers such as sisal with glass fiber composites has engorged increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The purpose of this work is to assess mechanical properties such as Flexural and impact properties of hybrid glass fiber-sisal reinforced epoxy composites in addition with molybdic acid. Natural fiber composites such as sisal polymer composites became more attractive due to their high specific strength, lightweight and biodegradability. Microscopic examinations are carried out to analyze the interfacial characteristics of materials, internal structure of the fractured surfaces and material failure morphology by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The percentage of Fiber and Matrix content is varied and the properties are evaluated. The results indicated that 40% Fiber with 60% Matrix exhibited superior properties when compared to other composition.

Powered exoskeletons can help in the rehabilitation of the elderly and those who have suffered accidental loss of motion due to problems in the Central Nervous system. Additionally exoskeletons act as a protection to the wearer. The current information age has seen tremendous development in the fields of robotics and prosthetics. Humanoid robots like ASIMO are being developed and these robots can perform tasks similar to those performed by a human being. Advancements in prosthetics have helped people who have lost limbs to regain complete functionality by replacing those limbs with prosthetic limbs controlled by signals from the brain. This article describes about the design and development of a spring counterbalanced exoskeleton which allows the wearer to carry more load with minimal effort.

Machine Learning techniques have played an important role in identifying patterns, grouping similar objects together and modelling data. These techniques learn from the given data and are capable of making prediction of outcomes for new datasets. In applications where the data is too large and cannot be manually analysed, applying machine learning techniques has helped in automation of many process. This has but, not been done often and hardly ever been done for ASD and developing a decision support system that helps physicians with the detection of ASD, has scarcely been done, that is tried by the shortage of literature on the utilization of it.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting methods and weed management in direct dry-seeded rice during summer season of 2017 and 2018 at Experimental Farm, Annamalai University. The treatment comprised of five rice planting treatments, viz. conventional tillage normal spacing [row to row (R × R) -18 cm], conventional tillage square planting (R×R-20 cm, plant to plant (P × P)-20 cm), conventional tillage paired row (9-27-9 cm), reduced tillage paired row (9-27-9 cm), reduced tillage square planting (R × R -20 cm, P×P-20 cm) in main plot and sub-plot consisted of four weed management treatments, viz. weedy, two hand weeding, pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha fb azimsulfuron 17.5 g/ha + bispyribac 25 g/ha (tank mixed) at 15 DAS fb one hand weeding (HW), oxadiargyl 50 g/ha fb metsulfuron-methyl 2 g/ha + chlorimuron-ethyl 2 g/ha (ready mix) at 20 DAS fb 1 HW. Significant reduction in weed density and biomass was recorded in two hand weeding fb pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha fb azimsulfuron 17.5 g/ha + bispyribac 25 g/ha (tank mixed) at 15 DAS fb 1 HW which resulted in improved growth and yield attributes and yield of rice. Amongst rice planting methods, conventional tillage normal spacing (R × R −18 cm) and conventional tillage paired row (9-27-9 cm) were able to compete with weeds more as compared to other rice planting methods resulting in lower weed density and weed biomass, enhanced rice growth and yield attributing characters and yield.

Organic farming is acknowledged as crop production system which can sustain health of soils, ecosystems and people by combining tradition, innovation and improved farm technology. Major components generally adopted by farmers include untreated seed, biomanures and biofertilizers, biopesticides, manurecompost/vermicompost and crop diversification. Availability of organic farm inputs, certification and marketing network being the constraints for an average farmer, Indian government launched the movement by establishing national centre and regional sub-centres. In coming years, with changing pattern in consumerism, organic farming may help in providing people with foods and food products without chemicals and toxins.

Field experiments were conducted during 2017 seasons study the effect of tillage, water regimes and weed management methods on weeds and transplanted rice. The design was split plot with combinations of tillage and water regimes as main plot treatments and weed management methods as subplot treatments. The weed biomass was significantly reduced and the rice performance was superior under intensive tillage (three ploughings followed by (fb) puddling), when compared to the conventional farmers practice of land preparation. Among the water regimes, continuous deep water ponding (> 7.5 cm water) either till panicle initiation or grain filling stage suppressed weed growth better than that under the recommended practice of maintaining about 5 cm water level with intermittent drainage. Weed control efficiency (WCE) was maximum under azimsulfuron 35 g/ha applied at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), followed by pre-plant application of oxyflourfen fb one hand weeding at 20 DAT.

Secret sharing schemes can be useful in creating and distributing authentication secrets over multiple servers for resisting dictionary attacks at the server side. Design of lightweight cryptography is evaluated in the model. The main advantage of this approach is that it does not need the computational expensive cryptographic techniques. Lightweight encoding algorithms such as LDPC is used to increase the entropy and remove erasures. In the proposed system, Design of CPLD based RTL memristor is developed in which N number of Memristor values are stacked inside the Memory of CPLD, which acts as a Digital Memristor. Random numbers generated through memristor are used as a key for Lightweight cryptography in this model.

In this paper, we promote Double encryption process of our secret text initially through Difference Labeling of Signed Graphs and then through the Vigenere Cipher technique. Thus we propose Double encryption and their corresponding decryption process thereby making prediction of secret text complicated.

In this paper we are using edge magic labeling graph to encrypt a message. Then using Longest cycle path technique we decrypt the message by inverse matrix multiplication.

To transfer the basic information radio communication technologies, like Bluetooth, global positioning system (GPS) and Wi-Fi are used. The need to transmit the data wirelessly and more efficiently is must even so radio communication technologies are universal, limitations of Radio communication technology relies on overpopulation and interference with many other radio applications. For transferring the data through a wireless medium a study has been organized proving the use of visible light. So instead of using a basic radio waves as a communication medium we use visible light and this new technology is called Light fidelity (Li-Fi). The research community has been attracted by the Li-Fi technologies. Because of the modernity there is a need to support the technology. Many leading companies are working on manufacturing of light fidelity (Li-Fi) projects precisely many surveys and research has been organized on this Li-Fi technology. Data is collected from multiple environments through visible light and enhance services in many sectors by making intelligent decisions obtained data are evaluated and processed.

In this study an attempt has been made to review the use of anode material for Li ion batteries, with a special focus on Cobalt Ferrite. The review includes a discussion of historical background, review of Cobalt Ferrite and some yesteryear anode materials.

Electricity thefts are increasing every year across domestic as well as industrial domains which affect the economic status of the country. Various wireless communication systems are available to detect the power theft, but lacks the required infrastructure needed to employ them. The project's aim is to design a system to monitor the power consumed by load and to detect and eliminate the power theft in transmission lines and energy meters. This work is also focused on communicating the theft information to Electricity Board (EB) through IoT. As a network of devices is connected like sensors it has the ability to exchange real time information through internet. In this project Raspberry Pi is utilized to detect power theft and send command to GSM module which sends the theft information message to EB. The implementation of this system will help save large amount of electricity.

Innovating and discovering new ideas and implementing new methodology has led engineering to develop new products for convenient and comfortable living. These innovative ideas and methods led to development in mechanical system by replacing the existing mechanism with newly found ideas. Among those developments, a new elevation mechanism created a platform for screw type elevators. This paper gives the working of the screw type elevators along with structural design of the mechanism and superstructure, the designs were simulated using SolidWorks. The simulated structural modules and the operation of screw type elevators along with its advantages over the existing pulley mechanism are detailed in this paper. Thus the objective of the paper is in two folds, (i) Proves that the screw type elevator is best suited for domestic purpose, (ii) Proposed new drive mechanism performs comparatively better than the existing screw type belt coupled elevators.

Voice impairment is a barrier to the treatment of old age neurodegenerative disorders and paralysis where patients fail to convey their thoughts to doctors and caretaker. Though voice enhancers are available it's very costly. The aim of our research work is to develop a 'Gestures Controlled Audio Assistive Software' (GECAS) which make the subject's life easier and available free of cost to the people. The objective is to design software which enables severe cerebral palsy and also the voice impaired people to vocalize their basic needs like water, food, doctor and lavatory through a facial and body gesture. Our designed software is compartmentalized into two modules; one detecting subject's gestures using Camera mouse and the other responding in audio output. It is created using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 (a freemium platform) which open sourced. The designed software is implemented and tested on 32 subjects and the result was analyzed using statistical tool Minitab. The conclusion of the result showed impaired patients can operate the software as effectively and efficiently as a normal person which may help the subject to live more independent life and make their treatment easier.

at a time when Kerala achieved hundred percentage primary education status, the state Education Department has reported a sharp increase in the dropout rates of Dalit students in the state. Educational experts criticize that the lack of coordination and poor realization of schemes by the government were the reasons for the rising number of dropouts from schools. The highest dropout rate was recorded in the border districts of Wayanad, Idukki and Kollam. The overall aim of this paper is to provide the scenario of drop outs students of scheduled cast (boys and girls). Also, we interpret the analysis of variance among the drop out students in different classes.

The talent and competency of students in Kerala are widely accepted all over the country. The IQ and EQ level are more than that of national average. Students who passed out from professional institutes are with distinction but majority are unemployed. Hypothesis test is carried out within group and between groups to identify whether the internship is necessary in industries for an Engineering graduate to get a placement in an organisation. The study analyses to bridge the gap between education system and employability in Kerala.

the most commonly used technique for welding metals is fusion welding. But, these days friction welding procedures are used widely since welding of metals are made much easier. And, those welds impossible to weld by fusion welding can be produced by the process of friction welding. The industries related to automobile, submarine engineering, aerospace and heavy duty vehicle manufacturers are in huge demand for new applications and in need for new material combinations. In the present study, various research work done in the friction welding field is reviewed.

Agriculture has a major role in the economic development of our country. Productive growth and high yield production of fruits is essential and required for the agricultural industry. Application of image processing has helped agriculture to improve yield estimation, disease detection, fruit sorting, irrigation and maturity grading. Image processing techniques can be used to reduce the time consumption and has made it cost efficient. In this paper, we have provided a survey to address these challenges using image processing techniques.

In India about 31% of peoples are deaf or mute. One third of them are both deaf and mute. Gesture is a simple and important mode of interpersonal communication, which can simulate language and behaviour to express particular feelings and words. In this paper we have proposed a method that gives a method for improving Sign Language Interpretation system. In this method, we will use flex sensors along with pressure sensor which are incorporated on a glove to detect the gestures and convert it to text with in an Android Smart Phone. The text-to-speech module is also added in android application to improve the way of communication for deaf and mute peoples.

In this paper, the connected three star graph $G={K}_{1,{\phi }_{1}}\wedge {K}_{1,{\phi }_{2}}\wedge {K}_{1,{\phi }_{3}}$ is a skolem mean like graph if and only if $|{\phi }_{2}-{\phi }_{3}|\le {\phi }_{1}+4$ and ${\phi }_{1}+{\phi }_{2}+4\le {\phi }_{3}\le {\phi }_{1}+{\phi }_{2}-2$, where ${\phi }_{1}=1,2,\mathrm{3\ldots},\,{\phi }_{2}\,=\,1,2,3,\mathrm{\ldots}$. with the condition ${\phi }_{1}\,\le \,{\phi }_{2}\,\lt \,{\phi }_{3}$ is proved. 2010 Mathematical Subject Classification Number: 05C78

If ${\beta }_{1}\lt {\beta }_{2}\lt {\beta }_{3}$, the three star graph ${K}_{1,{\beta }_{1}}\wedge {K}_{1,{\beta }_{2}}\wedge {K}_{1,{\beta }_{3}}$ is a mean cordial graph $|{\beta }_{2}\,-\,{\beta }_{3}|\le 3{\beta }_{1}\,+\,7$for$3{\beta }_{1}\,+\,{\beta }_{2}\,-\,7\le {\beta }_{3}\,\le \,3{\beta }_{1}\,+\,{\beta }_{2}\,+\,7$; if and only if ${\beta }_{1}\,=\,1,2,\mathrm{\ldots}and\,{\beta }_{2}\,=2,3,\mathrm{\ldots}$is proved in this paper. 2010 AMS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION—05C78.

Radio frequency (RF) harvesting technologies are bewitching a huge number of people as they are enormously available in the atmosphere. These energies are received and converted to useful DC energy which can be used to charge electrical devices which need low power consumption. Here, in this paper a microstrip square patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is proposed having a dimension of 29.2mm × 29.2mm, which is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4 with a thickness of about 1.2 mm. L-shaped matching network is designed for maximum power transfer between the antenna and the rectifier. HSMS-2850 zero bias Schottky diode is used as a rectifier. The RF-DC rectification is done with an efficiency of 42.8% at -7dBm at 2.45 GHz.

Agriculture plays a prime role in providing food to a massive population. It has a predominant role in improving the economic development of our nation. In recent days due to the changes in weather pattern, the crop cultivation has become the greatest challenge. This directly or indirectly affects the productivity of the crops. Hence to overcome from this and to the improve productivity of the crops new technologies can be brought up for usage. The usage of these new technologies will convert traditional farming practices into precision farming. The new technology specified here includes the data analysis and Internet of Things (IoT). As it is revealed that it improves the productivity of the crops by maintaining the finest crop health. Although changes had been adopted in the recent agricultural practices the major issue yet not gets resolved. One such main issue yet to be resolved is cultivating precise crop at the precise time. This can be done with the help of deep learning algorithm such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which is found to be an effective one for predicting the precise crop. Hence the proposed system aims at helping the farmers by providing valuable insights to them. These insights can be driven with the help of parameters such as soil moisture level, humidity, temperature and pH collected from the sensors using IoT. In addition to these other parameters include soil type, land type, and the area sown. The crop prediction Graphical User Interface (GUI) system will take these valuable inputs and give suggestions using the crop suggestion user interface. The prediction is made using the Deep Neural Network (DNN) which predicts about the crop to be get cultivated, fertilizer to be used, production range etc. The crop suggestion system greatly helps the farmers to take a valuable decision.

A Chatbot is like a digital assistant, can be pretrained or have self learning capability. It can be trained to understand the user queries and respond in natural language of the user during a conversation. Chatbot can actively help human to involve in a digital conversation since it can make use of the natural language processing. The existing Chatbot enhances the communication but it does not improvise the information when it is needed. And sometimes they go beyond the topic during conversation which is a major drawback. The proposed bot could identify the emotional status of the users and can provide suggestions using Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network and tensor flow library functions. The popularity of the chat bots lets our system to be used for much variety of applications. These chat bots be used to automate the various fields like e-learning, e-government and web based models.

Accuracy prediction is basically used in machine learining for evaluating the accuracy of data to get better results during analysis of data for various purposes like financial analysis, credit card fraud detection and sales prediction. Predicting the accuracy of data is necessary for making better decisions in field of business, engineering, medical science and analytics. We introduce a methodology for analysis that improves the accuracy of data while ensuring that the performance of the algorithm also improves so that it improves decision making so that it can be used in real world applications. The analysis involves three phases, first is product analysis phase which involves product analysis and SWOT analysis. Then comes analysis phase where we use various techniques like Straight line method of depreciation, moving average technique, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression. These methods are used for analyzing the trend in data and for comparison. Then comes the next phase where we calculate accuracy and find optimal value. For that we first add more data, then we select essential features for getting accurate results. For that we use multiple algorithms. Multiple algorithms basically consists of algorithms that are used for clustering, classification and comparison. These algorithms are used for creating a better machine learning model by using ensemble method. Ensemble method is basically a method of combining various weak algorithms to create a more accurate algorithm that gives better performance. For checking and performance and getting an accurate value we use Algorithm tuning. Algorithm tuning is used for getting an improved algorithm that gives less error percentage is assists in making predictions. This gives an accurate and optimized model for training the data.

IR camera, with its various advantages, can be found in many different fields. The most important application of an IR camera is that it can be used even in the dark, unlike an ordinary camera. Using this plus point, we can integrate this with other technologies to help us locate obstacles in the dark. This is due to the fact that IR cameras can detect heat instead of just capturing and since everything on this planet gives off heat, these IR cameras can detect these obstacles. Many methods have been implemented to deal with such problems but there are not easily available and are quite expensive. IR camera have been used in as surveillance cameras and also in movies to make the inanimate idealistic. However, they have not been integrated with smart watches which are easily available nowadays and are much cheaper than any other alternatives. The idea is to integrate this IR camera with a smart watch that would make it portable and easy to use anywhere. Not only is this technology aimed to help the general public but also the blind. Detection of any facial expression would alert the watch wearer that someone is in vicinity. Since IR camera can sense heat, they would be better recognizers of different expressions. This would not only allow them to navigate on their own, but also inform about the whereabouts of the user to their close friends and family in case of emergency.

Crimes against women is becoming a daily routine in our country, nowadays. An increased demand persists in developing safety devices for ensuring safe and secure environment for women. The main aim is to develop a "Virtual Friendly" device, to safeguard themselves while in trouble. The proposed system developed consists of GPS, GSM modem, Microcontroller (LPC812), RF transceiver, Temperature Sensor, Voice Recognizer. GPS Receiver gets the location information from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude. The Microcontroller processes this information and this processed information is sent to the POLICE control room. The temperature sensor senses the body temperature continuously. SMS alert will be sent in case of low temperature which indicates emergency condition. The system can be activated by the user by themselves, when they are in need of self-defense. Features such as Alarm sound, voice recognition are added to the system to ensure optimum efficiency. The voice recognizer circuit is used to send command with voice by using the codes SAVE ME and HELP ME. The device is designed as a portable kit and easily operated, so that any women can easily carry with them anywhere and everywhere.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of symmetric pentagonal fuzzy bimatrix and constant pentagonal fuzzy matrix for which we define the existence of Nash equilibrium in both pure and mixed strategies along with some numerical illustrations. By applying Ranking to the pay-offs, we convert the fuzzy valued game problem to crisp valued game problem. Therefore, Solution concept of perfect equilibrium for normal form game is reviewed and a new concept of proper equilibrium of pentagonal fuzzy bimatrix game is discussed.

this paper proposes a new technique to obtain either the AC or DC output from the same two terminals without having to tap before an inverter to obtain the DC. The DC-DC converter used will be a modified Z-source DC-DC booster which will be having a high voltage gain for small duty cycles. The AC or DC changeover circuit used will be an H-Bridge Circuit which will be used to obtain AC or DC output depending upon the way the switches are operated. This proposed idea will be verified through a simulation.

An intelligent cardiac auscultation is the process of monitoring the heart beat signals variations of a patient monitoring system for monitoring the patients' health condition automatically through sensors based connected networks in Internet of Things (IoT). The critical condition of a patient is detected by processing sensors data and instantly provides push notification to doctors. In our proposed system, coronary heart disease monitoring based on wireless sensors are used to monitor without any human intervention for cardiac patients using piezoelectric sensors which is used to measure artery thickness by the flow of blood vessels and extract the waveform. The waveforms can be classified as normal and abnormal. These abnormal waveform is sent to mobile app where the data is received and plots the signal curves. The mobile app acts as the display device and uploads the data into the cloud platform for further analysis and an intimation is sent to the cardiologist. The authorized Cardiologist can access the datasets and results from the cloud.

Our main aim is to design a reconfigurable FPGA architecture using Network on chip using deep learning which act as a validation algorithm. In the Existing System we were using WiNoC (wireless network on chip)which was not reconfigurable. The energy saving in existing model was 55% whereas the proposed model saves upto 83 % of energy. Within the projected system Deep Learning formula is developed in VLSI design with acceptable model is intended on FPGA SOC chip, by that performance are analysed in terms of error rate, regression rate, confusion rate.

RECONFIGURABLE devices, a representative of which is field programmable gate array (FPGA), are picking up their notoriety as a method for the integrated system implementation since the nonrecurring designing expense of use Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) is raising as the fabrication technology becomes finer and finer. In the existing system, The architecture utilizes the FEoL layers for a fine-grained look into coarse-grained number arithmetic/memory units for up execution and similarity with shifted applications. A contextual analysis of use mapping demonstrates the proposed design can decrease the array region by 21.7%. In the proposed system, a MEMS based resistivity variable Memory architecture is developed in which the tunable Index utilizes the speed of accessing the memory units very fast and can be varied by tuning the digital inputs of the FPGA. The application to be developed here is the development of Hardware based memristor circuit and Memory design in FPGA. By using this we can decrease Area and power consumption.

An automatic pesticide mixing and water level control of irrigation system powered by solar, using PLC and nrf24l01 module is focussed. The proposed system consist of pesticide mixer which automatically mixes the pesticide and water in particular ratio and the mixer is automatically sprayed to the field on the programmed date with the help of PLC. This system will also be useful in monitoring the soil moisture condition and level of the water in the field via moisture sensors and ultrasonic sensor which is connected in the transmitter side of the RF module. The system proposes a soil moisture sensor and ultrasonic sensor at each place in the field where the moisture content of the soil and water level in the field has to be monitored which is powered by solar. When moisture content in the soil is low or water level in the field is below certain level, the transmitter RF sends a signal to the receiver RF and accordingly the motor is turned ON/OFF with the help of PLC.

In this paper, We prove that cycle C_n is a difference modulo labeled graph. We investigate the graph ${P}_{n}^{2}$ and ${C}_{3}^{(t)}$ is a difference modulo labeling. Here, the formulated edge labeling is considered as plaintext and with the help of affine cipher, we investigate a method of encryption and decryption of a message for the system of secured communication.

The "AADHAR BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE" describes an easy and secure electoral voting system for Indian election. Here two levels of authentication is done. Using RFID based aadhar card and by taking fingerprints because both the levels are unique for every user. User id and fingerprint are to be matched in given database or else he/she cannot eligible to cast the vote. The process of this system is done in a simple way, first user RFID card is scanned for user details then fingerprint is taken to verify and using keypad can press the number of his/her favourite candidate to cast the vote after that lcd will displays a confirmation message. This will be the high secured system than our present voting system because authentication identity is verified by two levels before casting a vote. Directly votes will be counted so that the time taken by election commission to announce results will be fast and in short period.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) facilitating network management and monitoring experiences some inevitable problems which affects the performance in terms of delay, on revisiting the limited flow table size problem, a major roadblock to individual flow management of all flows in SDN. We explicitly defined the objective and cost functions that we are interested in, and presented the optimum (i.e., best theoretically possible) solution for flow promotion to achieve it. Then we used the optimum solution as an inspiration to propose a new flow promotion that predicts TCP flow termination (expedited eviction) and incubates non-TCP flows (delayed installation). We provided simulation results that compared our new proposed delayed installation and expedited eviction approach with the default Open Flow approach, the optimum approach, and size-based and rate-based heavy hitter detection using fuzzy model. The results demonstrate that not only our approach provides significant savings in comparison to the default Open Flow approach, it can also perform better than heavy hitter detectors when we use small idle timeouts.

The optimal patient-specific stent technique for minimizing/eliminating coronary artery blockage is an ambitious field of medical science and technology. Patient specific stents are the type of stents which are designed according to the dimensions of one particular individual, hence they vary from person to person. With the amelioration of computational simulations, it is quite useful as we can produce or manufacture a stent that is of a specific size, strength and more tenacious to suit the patient's specific requirement, not only that but it is also a cost-effective method. It is very compatible and is a time tested structure with hemodynamic results in order to suit patients's requirements based on their anatomical structure. In this study the coronary artery of a patient was constructed using Mimics and 3-Matic software (Materialise,NV), with reference to patient's MRI angiography, subsequently with the help of the coronary artery measurements we formulated patient-specific coronary artery stents using Autocad-2016 and we used Finite Element anlysis to find the structural strength of the designed patient-specific coronary artery stent. With the help of ANSYS we constructed a few sample stents using different biocompatible materials and we used Finite Element Analysis method to find the most compatible/adaptable biomaterial, simultaneously we carried out the process of assessing the mechanical properties which are associated with restenosis. We created a simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and we tested the accuracy of the stent in an artery with blood flow. The pre-operative computational simulations results are helpful in diminishing the chances of stent failure without performing actual Angioplasty which is both cost-effective as well as beneficial to reduce post-operative trauma faced by cardiac surgery patients.

Injuries are experienced in many forms and take time to heal depending on the severity. Some injuries are recovered from naturally/quickly, while others take longer periods of time. Scaffolds are porous structures which provide a platform for cells to regenerate on. They provide support in times when individuals cannot regenerate tissues on their own. The materials of scaffolds can be varied to determine the best mechanical property for implanting in the body. In our study, we have tested stress and strain of PCL and titanium material for six proposed designs. From our study, we were able to conclude that the 'sphere' provided the most stability whereas the 'eccentric pores' design was the least stable. These results were persistent for both the materials studied with Ti6Al4V having the greatest properties. As a result, we concluded that titanium is the best material to be used in terms of scaffolds, by implanting it as an eccentric pores and spheres.

The Graph theory is sort of complicated events into the structure they are reflected by the clear graphs, most of their graphs separated into each component when the characteristics of mother graphs are determined by the properties of their components (or) copies. Based these, E. Sampath kumar introduced the concept of duplicate graph of a mother Graph (1974). Duplicate graph (DG) means obtained by a finite undirected graph without or with and without multiple edges. Let G (V, E) be simple a graph. A duplicate graph of G is DG = (V1, E1), when the vertex set V1 = V U V' and V∩V' = ϕ and f: V→V' is one-one onto and the edge set E1 of DG is defined as: The edge ab is in E if and only if both ab' and a'b are edges in E1. [2] Many scholars to prove some labeling for duplicate graph of some mother graphs. few scholars P. Vijayakumar, P.P. Ulaganathan and K. Thirusangu, have prove existence as some cordial labeling in duplicate graph of Star Graph [5]. P.Indira, B.Selvam, K.Thirusangu they have proved total 3 - sum cordial and product E-cordial labeling for the extended duplicate graph Of Quadrilateral snake graph [8]. E.Nanda gopal, V.Maheswari, P.Vijaya kumar have proved special labeling for the extended duplicate graph of Quadrilateral snake graph. [7]. in this paper, we prove that the Cordial, Product cordial and Sum divisor 3-equitable cordial labeling in Duplicate graph of Double Quadrilateral Flow Graph.

FACTS devices are extensively employed to enhance power system quality and security. They are capable of exchanging limited real power even though they have real and reactive power exchanging capability with power system. The main reason for the limited ability to exchange real power is not considering energy storage device. In FACTS devices STATCOMs are most commonly employed because of many advantages. STATCOMs coupling with Energy Storage Devices (ESD) like batteries, Supercapacitor, flywheels, semiconductor magnetic energy storage (SMES) were initiated to increase real power exchanging capability with the power system. Because of slow chemical reaction batteries the power discharging capability is limited. Present trend is to employ energy storage for short term to improve dynamic stability. Supercapacitor ESD will help in the dynamic stability and quality with STATCOMs. Even though they have less energy storing capability power exchanging capability is large when comparison with batteries. In this paper design of energy storage system with Supercapacitor is discussed and coupling with bi dc/dc converters with controlled strategies. To control the SCESS system a peak current mode controller is used. SCESS system is constructed in MATLAB simulink and results with Supercapacitor and without Supercapacitor are discussed in this paper.

Several hearing aids have been invented for outer ear drum problems whereas inner ear drum problem is permanent and it can be fixed only by surgical means. This hearing aid is designed to use the natural amplification of ear. This device consists of a AVR controller, a GSM module, a playback module and a relay. Any signal that is received by the GSM module is transmitted to the piezoelectric actuator by the AVR controller which generates the vibrations that is sent to cochlea through the teeth. This way the sound is imported from the impaired ear to hearing ear. This device can be fixed on the teeth and no alteration of the teeth is required. It is completely non-invasive. The GSM module receives incoming calls and automatically answers the calls via AT commands. The playback module allows the user to hear music and receive the incoming calls giving priority to calls. A relay is used to switch between the music playback and GSM module. It is simple, removable and customizable according to the users will.

There are various instances where a human as to climb the walls of a high-rise building. Some of them are inspection of high pipes and wall, fire rescue operations, painting and repairs. Unlike the traditional method of using grappling hooks used for wall climbing, this device uses the principle of vacuum to scale the walls. The major motive of this project is to make the manufacturing and usage of this device simple. The suction is produced using the vacuum motor setup and a release valve mechanism is used to help the climber take successive steps. The suction force produced by suction pads is designed by considering both the external conditions and the loads of working equipment. In this research work we have performed a basic experiment on the vacuum suction force of suction pads attached to a vertical wall under various load conditions.

In this paper a new comprehensive scheme for fault finding and logging for a compound progression is presented. This paper concentrates on the progression facts and skilful data, a trivial amount of labelled data and a large amount of unlabelled progression data are used for constructing the neighbourhood weighted graph. The optimal prediction label matrix of unlabelled data and the optimal regression function are obtained by solving the optimal problem. Then the monitoring data is projected to the low dimensional with the regression function, and the state label matrix of monitoring data can be acquired. This scheme can guarantee intrinsic structural of data by constructing an undirected weighted graph, and is suitable for the complex progression with nonlinear trait.

The main aim that we have is to create a completely automated car parking system with minimal human interference. With the rising population in the world, time is of the essence and hence we need to minimize the time taken by trivial activities such as finding a place to park in a busy place and avoid traffic congestion. We have seen in existing systems sometimes accidents can occur in parking situations by cars going at high speed o caused by frustrated drivers unable to find a parking space for a long period of time. In our project we propose a smart and automated car parking model that will help the user in booking their parking spaces beforehand and the vehicle will be able to park automatically once in the parking zone. The difference between our project of automated car parking systems is we hope to minimize human interaction as much as possible and make both the vehicle and the parking area fitted with sensors that will help us execute a safe and efficient way of parking. Hence, we aim to provide a completely safe and automated experience that is robust and can be implemented in real time and hopefully be implemented as the general norm for parking systems in the future.

Hadoop is a widely used analytical tool for analyzing large volume of data which are in terms of Exa & Zetta bytes. Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) is a well-known storage system which provides distributed storage using commodity hardware. Since Big Data consists of highly sensitive data like Electronic Health Records, Financial Data etc., harnessing big data access and security plays a vital role. The bottom most layer of security can be provided by encryption. Since the data stored is highly unstructured, wider in variety and the velocity at which data is stored is also unpredictable, traditionally used ciphers like AES, RSA, RC4 etc. will not work efficiently on Big Data. The solution must have to consider at-risk sensitive data, variety of data which needs intelligence to classify the data. When data blocks are stored in data nodes, with each block 4-bits called sensitivity bits has to be added. Two bits indicate the level of sensitivity and two more bits indicate the type of data. These 4-bits are used by the map and reduce functions to effectively encrypt the required data blocks alone and not all, in a time efficient manner by using the available commodity hardware.

Intelligent transportation cyber physical system (ITCPS) is used to enhance the safety and performance of the road transportation of a country. A crucial element that affects road safety is passengers comfort factor since a large crowd always invites accidents. An Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical System is proposed using fuzzy logic for automatic crowd monitoring in buses. Sub-sentential research has been undertaken in ITCPS to manage traffic, safety, and security among which safety measures in the public transportation system is crucial. The main focuses of this paper are on passengers comfort factor and safety. The proposed framework gathers a large set of input parameters using an onboard sensor. Fuzzy logic is applied to identify whether the passenger bus is crossing the safety limit, the data are stored in cloud storage. The Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical System then monitors the crowded area and allocates another bus by providing proper intimation to the users, the process avoids bus bunching. The test bed is created to simulate the Intelligent Transportation Cyber Physical System framework, with the different scenario the performance is measured.

Cardiovascular Disease is the silent killer and it is one of the leading cause for global death annually. The percentage of premature death varies from 7% in high-income countries and 43% in low-income countries. It is mainly due to lifestyle changing factors such as obesity, diabetes, etc. While working to reduce earlier deaths, it is revealed, how important the earlier prediction of heart disease is. In the medical field, diagnosing heart disease earlier is a difficult task for medical practitioner since it depends on combining clinical and pathological data. The purpose of this paper is to implement a medical prediction support system for predicting cardiac disease. Deep learning approach based computational model is designed for diagnosis. This proposed system has three main steps. First, a dataset with 13 attributes (13 clinical features) from the website is collected. Second, the datasets are trained using an algorithm called artificial neural network with backpropagation technique. It can have one or more hidden layers in order to get higher accuracy. Finally, Cardiac Function Prediction System (CFPS) which is an interactive GUI is developed, where the user can enter the clinical features and get to know the current status of a patient's health. This system enhances medical care and reduces the treatment cost. This system will act as a promising tool for the medical practitioner for proper diagnosis.

Human computer interaction (HCI) been more predominantly grown Speech Emotion appreciation in recent decade. Any interaction of mutual interest and benefits like service sectors including business and classrooms in turn could utilize this technology for ground analysis i.e., track the trace of emotional state of the receiver and so to adopt the appropriate strategy that helps the purpose of interaction. Interface with Robots upon analysis can provide details on the emotional state of the receiver of the service at the other end and paves way for application platforms such as Computer games, Customer relationship maintenance and management, e-learning, Banking and Classroom orchestration can be taken to the next level of sophisticated technology. The Work comprises of Emotional attribute extraction and Comparative Machine Classification. The comparative machine classification been done with Support vector machine (SVM). For final comparison purposes Mel-frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) and with modulation spectral features (MSFs) are been explored and used whereas the final combinational comparisons are done between different databases for the specific features. The general experimental consequences display that the most amplitude of a voice sign varies from great sounds. For the sign it is taken on this paper the maximum amplitude is 5.5 V.

Energy storing has turned into a notable statement for the society of nowadays. This paper displays a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSN) intended to offer help to a programmed framework, based on the GSM, which empowers a mindful utilization of vitality. The proposed system plays out a proficient administration of devices, machines and procedures, upgrading their activity to accomplish a decrease in their general vitality use at some random time. For this reason, significant information is gathered from smart sensors, which are placed at the required areas, just as from the vitality showcase through the wireless communication. This data analysis is to give learning about load use, and to enhance proficiency.

The current analysis is play a dominant role in opinion mining is additionally referred to as sentiment analysis because of clear volume of opinion made net resource like discussion type, review sites, blogs, and tweets area unit on the market in digital type. Sentiment analysis is that the field of study that analyzes client opinion, feedback, sentiment analysis, attitudes and feeling from communication. At intervals fraction second, we have a tendency to classify the text in several manner in several seconds. It's one in all the active analysis areas in linguistic communication process [NLP]. There are a unit range of techniques we want to classify the Opinion reviews. The main problematic in the sentiment analysis is to understand the usage of negation and the taxonomy of positive and negative sentiments recorded by the users in the social group. The proposed approach that extracts and classifies opinion words from one domain called source domain and predicts opinion words of another domain called target domain using a semi-supervised approach, its combines modified maximum entropy and bipartite graph clustering. A comparison of opinionclassification of reviews on four different product domains are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed method perform relatively well in comparison to the other methods. Comparison of SentiWordNet of domain-specific and domain-independent words reveals that on an average 72.6% and 88.4% words, respectively, are correctly classified.

Block matching techniques for estimation of motionis very commonly utilized for current video coding standards as it is simple and has reasonable performance. There always lies a homography among the consecutive frames in the sequences of video that is taken using the PTZ cameras because of the restricted movements. This symmetrical relationship of the frame is very useful to decrease the spatial redundancy. The estimation of motion is playing a very significant part in science nowadays. Many algorithms are been proposed to observe movement of the objects present in the space. In this project, a homographybased local maximum search algorithm is proposed for the accurate guidance of the small bodies present in the space. This method will helps for the accurate movement detection. The proposed method is proven to be more for the sequences when compared with the traditional fast algorithms. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB software.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been growing rapidly in the past few years. IoT constitutes various components such as smart devices, users and internet services which interact with each other to share the resources. IoT has lot of security and authentication issues. The need for device identification is still being a big challenge. There is a demand to identify the device ID operated in heterogeneous environment. The devices with different properties and characteristics needed to be managed and identified. Then consistency in the state of devices is required to manage its identity. This paper involves an approach to find or identify a device by extracting its features and combining it to record as a pattern on time basis. Thereby device authentication also becomes feasible. The Result of the simulation justifies that the patterns that are used to identify a device becomes noteworthy.

Today's market is very competitive and it's absolutely not an easy task for any organization to retain its high performing employees. "We can't stop employees from leaving, unless we have a plan to make them stay"-Indra Nooyi, CEO PepsiCo.. Once an organization finds its suitable employee, the organization by all means have to ensure that the employee remain productive, satisfied and committed to the organization's long term plans/goals. A recent study says that one third of new hires quit the job after about 6months from their date of joining. With a wide range of options available, even if an employee is slightly dissatisfied with the rapport he/she has with the organization, he/she thinks to move out and find a better place to work. It is very important for every organization to connect and understand its employees both personally and professionally to bring out the best in them. So, every organization should invest time and money in making plans to hold back with them their highest asset who will ensure growth and success of an organization. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors that induce commitment and loyalty with the employees and make them stay with the organization. This is more of an empirical study where the researcher, through questionnaire with a sample size of 170 employees selected through random sampling working for different organization in DLF IT park-Chennai draws respondent's reflection on the elements they feel is very important for any employee to stay with the organization. Some of the key influencers are employment flexibility, security, good superior-subordinate relationship, recognition, rewards. etc.

In an agricultural country like India a lot of people will work with green thumb in mind. Most of the people loves to grow plants at home, but due to their work schedule they very often take care of plants. The only solution to this problem is smart monitoring of the plant growth by modernizing the current traditional methods of gardening. Hence the proposed system targets at smart way of monitoring the plant growth using automation and IoT technologies. Internet of things (IoT) provides various applications for crop growth and monitoring the growth conditions. Main theme of this paper is to increase the plant growth condition by maintaining the suitable moisture level and temperature with the use of moisture sensor and temperature sensor. This paper works for the crop development at low quantity water consumption by providing an automatic watering system to the user. People often waste lot of time for watering the plants so an efficient management of water should be developed. The proposed system will work based on the information send by the sensors and so proper growth for the plant will be estimated. With the help of the moisture sensor and temperature sensor details like moisture content and the temperature will be obtained and so based on those reading automatic watering will be done. The major advantage of this system is to make a suitable environment for plant growth and also to minimize the water consumption.

With the rise in demand for deep learning models due to its ability to learn features from data, and predict, it is widely used in disease prediction systems. However, as patient medical records are considered to be highly confidential due to them consisting of personal information, its privacy-preservation is of prime importance. Conventional privacy-preserving techniques often tend to hinder the utilitarian aspect of the system. In this paper we carry out a comprehensive analysis of privacy-preserving techniques for disease prediction systems that use deep learning along with a comparison of the different privacy-preserving techniques. This paper also discusses the existing privacy-preserving approaches in deep learning. They are cryptographic approaches, attribute-based encryptions, homomorphic encryptions and other hybrid approaches.

Aquaculture, which has the potential to feed the globe in the upcoming era, needs smart innovative technology for its growth. An aqua farmer's daily routine involves keeping track of the water parameter which affects the growth of fish and shrimps. While some farmers use handheld meters for each parameter, others give their pond water sample to laboratory for testing. Which is time consuming and the results may not be as accurate as real time measurement at the pond site. The system proposed includes of six sensors measuring important water parameters for monitoring the growth of fish, shrimp, and other aquatic organisms. The measured values from the sensors are compared with the established data and an alert message is processed in the form of SMS through web server.

In this progress I am progressing to build an IOT air pollution monitoring System within which I will be able to monitor a Air Value done by internet server using net and may activate a alarm once the air value goes down on the far side an exact level, means that once there square measure enough quality of harmful gases measure within the air like co2, smoke, alcohol, benzene, NH3, temperature and wetness. it'll show the air value in PPM in web-page so I will be monitoring it terribly simply. During this IOT project, will be monitoring the pollution level from anyplace using your pc or mobile. I will install this method anyplace and accurate data from devices using internet application using HTTP Protocol.

Detection of brain tumor at an early stage is important to avoid death. Brain tumor arises due to the abnormal growth of the cells. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a computer-based image processing technique used for detecting tumor size, location and shape. In order to classify it is important to segment MRI brain images. In this paper, MRI brain tumor is segmented using k-means clustering algorithm and various features of the segmented tumor was analyzed using Gray level Co-Occurrence matrix (GLCM). These features were used as input for the k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) classifier and used for the classification of tumor as Benign or Malignant. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 85% respectively.

There are several meta-heuristic optimization algorithms developed on inspiration from nature. Artificial neural network proves to be efficient among other machine learning techniques. The efficiency of classification and prediction is improved by optimizing artificial neural network using the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The review of some of these hybrid artificial neural networks that are applied for benchmark datasets and to specific real-time experiments for classification and prediction are discussed. Upcoming sections cover the current trending research topics dealing with optimized artificial neural network concepts and provide some interesting insights for researchers to use in their respective applications domains of interest.

Power quality is the major problem that always effects the cost and efficiency of the transmission and distribution system. The effective solution for this problem is to use the power conditioning devices to compensate the power quality problems. These power conditioning devices are made of power electronic converters. These imperfections are present in both the source and the load ends which are compensated by the Custom power devices like UPQC. The UPQC interfaced with hybrid system provides the controlled and standard output power even for the renewable sources which are the major developing trends in electrical power system. In this paper the solar and wind are the hybrid energy system which is connected to the transmission lines. The UPQC contains a DC link which controls the Sag and Swell, LG Fault and improves the power quality of the system. This system is executed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK.

this paper intends to exhibit the social and authoritative parts of electronic data frameworks. Presently we are in the 21st century and two decades will be finished soon. A century ago has been considered as the ascending of Information and correspondence innovation. These days there is expanding advancement of online data frameworks for social and hierarchical divisions Electronic data frameworks in light of web innovations which shares distinctive kinds of Internet convention and assumes an essential part to gather, putting away, gathering and imparting information from various sources and spread data initially. The speed and productivity of electronic data framework which incorporates both neighborhood and worldwide systems, databases and diverse sorts of program for data preparing makes social and hierarchical life less demanding for individuals. The online applications keep up activities of administration. Such applications incorporates quality administration forms, life cycle of authoritative objective, actualizing and sharing creation plan This electronic innovation affects social connection, social conduct and different association issues.

Paralysis is the loss of muscle which functions as a part of the body. Paralysis can affect any part of the body at any movement of an individual's lifecycle.. It happens when something turnout wrong with the way messages to pass between the brain and muscles. Paralysis can be generalized or localized. It can be either complete or partial type of paralysis. Completely paralyzed people can't have control over their muscles in the affected areas. Paralyzed people can't be in a position to move from one position to the other. So, it would be very difficult for them to go for the checkups and fulfill their necessities. This is the biggest problem which people are facing to go for the checkups and observe their health condition. To avoid this problem, in this project a mobile based game therapy is developed. This is a passive rehabilitation exercise for the disabled patients. This exercise tries to activate neuroplasticity. By using this mobile game patient can regain movement in his body especially in muscles. By using this game doctor can be able to check the day to day readings and can analyze the improvement of the muscle strength and prescribe the suggestions accordingly. The improvement in muscles starts very slowly but, trusts the game as long as the patient is playing this game the complete concentration will be towards the game so that the patient can restore daily the functionality of his nerves and muscles easily.

Face detection and recognition performs an essential role in computer. There was tremendous increase in face recognition during the last years. There are numerous applications that require the face detection. As this face detection is the first step. There are many growing applications such as bank authentication, security access in system, enforcement of law, verification of credit cards, biometric authentication which works based on face detection. The goal of this paper is to presents a facial recognition system with deep learning methodologies. In this paper machine learning aggregation method is used to store the feature of detecting image and random forest algorithm also used to classify a detected image which is applied on face database and compared with previous algorithm which shows accurate ratio.

The high level of error which may lead to scads of damage which may be human life or material damage, inefficiency in supporting changes such as development of new high-performance vehicles Acquisition, time consuming inefficient system of operation leads one to consider an automated railway system. An automated control system which is introduced in this paper with the help of PLC and SCADA monitoring will have a significant effect in the permitting of having an increased speed form of transportation, augmenting services which can increase the full load capacity of a given network, while flexibility in the network will help in developing a system which can be improvised to change traffic control based on the traffic variations. The system provides other prominent benefits over there room temperature counterpart in reduced size, weight (increased power density), efficiency, switching speed, reliability which will result in an overall weight, space, time saving and a save mode travel in the current society.

To enhance the power quality issue in grid system a new strategy with modification in algorithm is presented as reinforcement learning. A new technique will mitigate issues like reactive power, harmonics, voltage sag, voltage swell. A system as a current controller to enhance the current issue and the voltage controller to enhance the power quality issues in voltage. Due to an issue of unbalanced load in the grid the weak AC supply can be compensated by using the modified reinforcement learning algorithm. During the occurrence of the power quality issue in the grid modified reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed due to quick response.

Food is essential for all the human being. In the food we are gained the more number of energy to our body. But now days, Lot of chemical substances that are added in the food. That makes human being to be unhealthy person. Children are also affected due to unhealthy food. In our proposal, we used to find the quality of food using the pH sensor. The pH sensors are used to find the pH value of the food and also find the bacterial contamination of the food. This project is used for the government to find the quality of food in the restaurant and display their result in the server and also check the quality of food and display the output pH value in the message using GSM. In additional, we can also share the location of the restaurant.

Rupee Note is the basic requirement in day-to-day life which are used everywhere. The Rupee Notes are in the denomination ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100, etc. and the coins are in the denomination ₹1, ₹2, ₹5. It is not sure to get the exact amount for the product while purchasing. It may be a difficult task for the shopkeeper to search the coins and provide the balance to each and every customer. This is the main purpose of designing such a machine. This machine designed for providing the balance amount in coins automatically to the customer. This machine captures the image of the note provided by the customer and the value of the note determined using image processing technique. The Image Processing is done with the help of Python OpenCV.

Heat transfer enhancement in a two phase closed thermosyphon was studied. CuO nanofluid and deionized water as a working medium was investigated. The experiment was carried out at different heat input of 10W and 16W. To see the effect of inclination angle, thermosyphon was varied at different inclination angle of 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. The average size of the nanoparticles were around 50 nm in size.

In number theory, study of number sequences is an enthusiastic area. Among these the sequence of polygonal numbers gives a unique richness in is applicability. Polygonal numbers which have both order, rank of are of various dimensions. Here, the study is only on two dimensional figurate numbers. Here the ratios of polygonal numbers are studied as continued fractions. In this paper different types of properties and characteristics of sequence of continued fraction which represent ratios of polygonal number of same rank are discussed. As any polygonal can be sub divided into smaller squares, square numbers have been taken as base here. Based upon on this study the nature and periodicity of the general sequence can be studied in detail.

Notations:

1. 〈 u₀, u₁, u₂, u₃, ...., u_n〉 – Continued fraction expansion

2. S_5,n - Pentagonal number

3. S_6,n - Hexagonal number

4. S_7,n - Heptagonal number AMS Classification: 11A55

A methodical hypothesis of dependability depends on likelihood hypothesis. It is outstanding that the ordinary unwavering quality examination utilizing the probabilities has been observed to be insufficient to deal with the uncertainty of disappointment in information and displaying. The fluffy set hypothesis gives a helpful instrument to supplement customary dependability speculations. This paper proposes the transmission stream framework outline in arrangement parallel structure to assess the most extreme unwavering quality subject to the frame work cost. The co-productive of variation (CV) is acquainted with evaluate every enrollment work. This approach is to discover least CV with high reliability gauge.

In this paper, we extend Cartan matrix to Integer Interval Cartan matrix by using interval arithmetic operation. We compute symmetrizability condition to the Interval Cartan matrix. It also satisfies the condition for this extention of Integer Interval Cartan matrix; here we focus on the theorem along with the illustration.

In this paper, we discuss fully fuzzy linear systems with triangular fuzzy numbers. A Gauss Jordan Elimination Method is proposed for solving fully fuzzy linear systems (FFLS). We used elementary row operations augmented matrices of crisp linear system of equation to arrive the row reduced form. The method in detail is discussed and illustrated by a numerical example.

In this article, finding an optimal solution is the prime requirement for the transportation problems. We compared a four different proposed mean (PAM, PHM, PGM, PQM) to find out the optimum solution of a TP. The most attractive feature of this method is that requires very simple statistical and rational calculation, that's why it is very easy even for layman to understand and use. This method will be very beneficial for those decision makers who are dealing with logistics and supply chain related issues. A Numerical illustration is established and the optimality of the result received by this method is also verified. MSC: 90C08

A general assignment problem includes N tasks that intend assign to N workers to what place each laborer has the sufficiency to do all tasks. The objective is to confront the optimum assignment of a number of tasks (jobs) to an enlarge number of services (or persons) at a minimum cost. In this freebie the objectives are proposed as mixed objective which is triangular fuzzy number. Yager's ranking approach has been used for grade the fuzzy numbers. The Hungarian method is used to solve the problem. The results of the numerical example prove that a fine conciliation solution can be reached effectively.

In this paper, with the technique of chaotic encryption-based blind digital image watermarking, we introduce a new grey wolf optimization. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is employed before embedding the watermark within the host image. The image at host is split into 8x8 which is a non-overlapping blocks before employing DCT application, and the watermark bit is included through modifying the differences between the neighboring blocks DCT coefficients. Then, grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) is employed. Arnold transform is used along with the chaotic encryption to provide additional watermark security. The presented model is applied to a collection of benchmark images and the results validated the performance in terms of PSNR. The presented method attains maximum PSNR value on entirely given test images.

By using Co-Precipitation method, we have been prepared hexagonal structure of silver-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanocrystallites at room temperature. The structural characterization was carried out like Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study morphological analysis and EDX used to identify elements presented in prepared samples. Using the Scherrer formula, average size can be calculated. The XRD matched with JCPDS. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of electrochemical impedance frequency dependence properties of pure and silver-doped zinc oxide nanocrystallites were discussed in this paper.

Voice recognition frameworks turned into the fundamental applications for discourse recognition innovation, a creature affirmation framework bolstered creature voice design recognition rule has been created. The proposed creature voice recognition framework uses the zero-cross rate, MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficient and Dynamic-Time wrap joint calculations in light of the fact that the instruments for recollecting the voice of the genuine creature. ZCR is utilized for the begin point recognition of testing voice indicated the commotion might be expelled. MFC is utilized for the strategy for quality extraction wherever an extra consolidated and less excess of the delegate voice might be accumulated from the testing voice. while the voice order will be finished by abuse DT WRAP rule. At that point the voice coordinating is done to distinguish and characterize the creature seen by the framework. The program made and data noted demonstrates the recognition framework works.

Safeguarding one's health is optimal for longevity and a good life. Heart attacks have become so common amongst the public due to the lifestyle and food habits being followed. Early detection of an oncoming heart attack can help reduce seriousness of the incident and safeguard the patient's health. Technology has always been used in healthcare and has proved to be extremely beneficial. Internet of Things is a phenomenon that is utilized in day to day human activities. It is an interlinked collection of hardware devices, home appliances that are interfaced with electronics, software, sensors, and actuators. Internet is the backbone of connectivity and Things mean objects or devices. Sensors play a vital part in the field of IoT. To provide a system where heart attacks can be detected early, heart beats of the patient are monitored using a pulse sensor and a temperature sensor, which is then interfaced with a microcontroller. This sensor will be installed in a wearable device. When the heartbeat of the patient exceeds a certain threshold value, an alert will be sent to the remote family, and the medical authorities with the help of the Internet. Sensor is used for sensing the heart beats. The microcontroller receives these beats and evaluates pulse. If the pulses are above or lower than the threshold value, the microcontroller initiates WiFi module and sends out distress message to mobile contacts previously stored inside microcontroller.

An approach based on deep learning for automatic colorization of image with optional user-guided hints. The system maps a gray-scale image, along with, user hints" (selected colors) to an output colorization with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN). Previous approaches have relied heavily on user input which results in non-real-time desaturated outputs. The network takes user edits by fusing low-level information of source with high-level information, learned from large-scale data. Some networks are trained on a large data set to eliminate this dependency. The image colorization systems find their applications in astronomical photography, CCTV footage, electron microscopy, etc. The various approaches combine color data from large data sets and user inputs provide a model for accurate and efficient colorization of grey-scale images.

Envision a future where everything can be controlled with simply our brain. With the development of humankind on the utilization of various electronic gadgets in everyday life, man needs to have simple dealing with to these electronic gadgets and most straightforward one is the conceivable mind wave command to electronic devices. As the technology getting advances mode of interacting with the electronic devices also getting advancement day by day. Beginning with a mechanical switch based controlling of electronic devices got IoT based wireless controlling facility. The currently proposed method is making the provision of controlling of devices just with a thought in the brain. We will be having an EEG sensor mounted on the head to capture the signal which in turn processed and used for triggering the relay to control the device.

PC vision has turned out to be universal in our general public, with applications in a few fields. Given a lot of pictures, with its inscription, make a prescient model which produces regular, inventive, and intriguing subtitles for the concealed picture. A speedy look at a picture is adequate for a human to call attention to and portray a monstrous measure of insights regarding the visual scene. To rearrange the current issue of producing inscriptions for pictures by making a model which would give exact subtitles to these pictures which can be additionally utilized in other helpful applications and use cases. Be that as it may, this momentous capacity has ended up being a tricky errand for our visual acknowledgment models. Most of the past research in scene acknowledgment has concentrated on naming pictures with a predetermined arrangement of visual classifications and extraordinary advancement has been accom-plished in these undertakings. For a question picture, the past strategies recover pertinent hopeful normal language states by outwardly contrasting the inquiry picture with database pictures. In any case, while shut vocabularies of visual ideas comprise a helpful demonstrating suspicion, they are boundlessly prohibitive when contrasted with the colossal measure of rich depictions that a human can form. These methodologies forced a breaking point on the assortment of inscriptions produced. The model ought to be exempt of suppositions regarding explicit pre decided formats, standards or classes and rather depend on figuring out how to create sentences from the preparation information. The model proposed utilizes Convolution Neural Networks which help to separate highlights of the picture whose subtitle is to be created and afterward by utilizing a probabilistic methodology and Natural Language Processing Techniques reasonable sentences are framed and inscriptions are produced.

The aim of this paper is to propose a method for finding an optimal solution for Neutrosophic Fuzzy Transportation Problem (TP). Here, a new ranking approach to solve fuzzy Neutrosophic transportation problems under the approach of zero suffix method together with the scalar division of fuzzy numbers is introduced. The solution of the given problem which satisfies the conditions of optimality and feasibility by proposing the method together with scalar division and triangular ranking technique.

Travelling salesman problem is a well-known studied problem and intensely used in combinatorial optimization. In this article, we discuss a Neutrosophic fuzzy travelling salesman problem in which each element is considered as a Neutrosophic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Here, we provide the Branch and Bound technique is to find the optimal solution. The efficiency of this method is proved by solving a numerical example.

Mixed Reality (MR) has opened up new means of imparting education, especially in the medical field. Students could view the whole human anatomy and it's components at multiple levels of scale to learn their location and naming nomenclature, and also interact with them separately to familiarize themselves with their functions. In this paper we propose a platform for Medical education in MR which creates shared experiences, providing support for teaching within classrooms. The application would also work as a standalone experience, augmenting important information over the anatomy model for the student's reference when a shared experience is not in session, thereby facilitating self-study. The platform would be built in such a way that the instructors would also have the option to add 3D models and relevant content to the existing courseware and have it rendered in the mixed reality space.

This paper presents a methodology for predicting Myocardial Ischemic Beats from ECG signal using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network with Exogenous inputs (NARX) model. This technique utilizes the features extracted by integrating independent component analysis (ICA) and Wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) on ECG for detecting Myocardial Ischemic beats. At first, the denoised ECG beat segments are projected on the bases to create the independent component (IC) vectors. Further, these IC vectors are disintegrated by WPD. The feature set for distinguishing ischemic beats is extracted by calculating entropy, mean and standard deviation from wavelet coefficients. These features are input to NARX model for uncovering ischemic beats from normal beats. Several architectures of NARX models were tested for predicting myocardial ischemic beats. The efficacy of NARX architectures are assessed by comparing MSE and correlation coefficient. The NARX model with 2 hidden neurons and 2 delay lines provided the best results with a MSE of 0.0002 and correlation coefficient 0.99, which implies that the NARX neural network has huge potential in the prognosis of Myocardial Ischemic Beats.

A new autonomous chaotic system is designed from the Lorenz family of systems and studied its dynamics both theoretically and numerically. Then two such systems are synchronized using a threshold controller as the coupling element by which complete and asynchronization is achieved. The new system is investigated using MATLAB Simulink and Multisim. The results show that based on the control parameter value the system switches from complete to asynchronization.

Navigation technology has observed a tremendous advancement in the last 10 years with people shifting from using traditional maps to satellite based navigation smartphone apps such as Google maps and Apple maps. These applications mainly focus on outdoor navigation and represent the route in a 2-D layout, which sometimes lacks clarity when it comes to distinguishing between overlapping paths. One more area where this project is focused is indoor navigation. Indoor navigation can be helpful for navigating inside big buildings like hospitals, malls and airports. For example, when a user enters a mall and he or she needs to find a particular showroom, he just needs to put the name of that showroom and he would get 3-D augmented objects on his device which will point to that showroom as he follows the designated path. Augmented reality is used combined with satellite based GPS technology to navigate outdoors as well as indoors. The application uses 3-D markers to point the direction to the user in a real time environment on their devices which will be easy to understand and navigate. At the same time it will augment location based point of interest along the path, which will provide more clarity to the user about his or her environment. From this project we hope to develop a navigation application for users which is easy to use and understand.

The global plastic production increased over years due to the vast applications of plastics in commercial units. The continuous demand of plastics causes the plastic wastes accumulation in the landfill, which consumes a lot of space which contributes to the environmental problems. Since plastics were the petroleum-based material the rising in plastic demand led to depletion of petroleum as a part of non-renewable fossil fuel. Recycling and energy recovery method were some alternatives that have been developed to manage plastic waste. However, the recycling method required high labor cost for the separation process and caused water contamination that reduced the process sustainability. Due to these drawbacks, the researchers have diverted their attentions to the energy recovery method to compensate the high energy demand. The plastic waste conversion to energy was developed through extensive research and technology development. The recovery of plastic to liquid oil through pyrolysis process had a great potential since petroleum was the main source of plastic manufacturing. And also the oil produced had high calorific value compared to the commercial fuel. This paper reviewed the pyrolysis process for plastics and the main process parameters that influenced the final product such as oil, char and gas.

this work presents a performance analysis of various power electronic converters with RL load to reduce the total harmonic distortion. The power converters inspected are: ZETA converter, single-ended primary inductance converter, often written SEPIC converter and Z SOURCE converter. The objective is to analyze which power electronic converter exhibits less total harmonic distortion (THD) and more efficiency in order to select the suitable converter for electric vehicle propulsion system. Three above mentioned converters are designed, modeled, and simulated. The zeta converter is advantageous over other converters inspected and have reduced total harmonic distortion, higher output power and hence improved efficiency. The simulations are done with MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are presented.

Image fusion is the process of blending all the essential information from multiple images, and their incorporation into fewer images, generally a single one. The single image which is accessed by image fusion gives more information and is rigorous than any single source image. This image encompass all the important information. The image fusion is not only purposed to diminish the amount of data but also to frame images that are more convenient and pertinent for the machine and human approach. Certain situations in image processing need both high spectral and high dimensional information in a single image, which is important in remote sensing. Image fusion techniques involve filtering, enhancing and decomposing the images for better results. This paper emphases on the imperative and efficient approaches for image fusion.

In current scenario, educational institutions insist the learners to be punctual. Usually students who are late to their classes are being monitored manually. It is not feasible to monitor regularly since there is a need for manpower at a particular time to register the students those who are late. In such cases there is a need for an automated system to monitor the late comers. This is implemented by acquiring input information from sensors. Passive Infrared Sensor is used to detect the motion of the object whereas RFID is used to retrieve the student details which can be mapped from their unique Id. Along with this, a camera module is used to capture the images of the unidentified entries those does not wear ID cards. The activation of the monitoring system can be customized with the help of the application deployed at a local server. The system can be made active in particular duration with the various time specified. As part of the automation process, an alert mail will reach the respective authority with the list of latecomers and the images those who are unidentified by RFID. By these methods the identification of the late comers will be automated and makes an easier way to track the late comers.

In electrocardiograms (ECGs), most of the clinically helpful information is found within the wave intervals, amplitudes, or morphology. This is principally motivated by increasing aid prices and propelled by recent technological advances in miniature bio sensing devices, electronics, and wireless communications. This paper tries to comprehensively review and experiment economical and strong strategies for machine driven ECG pre-processing and delineation for ECG information from a wearable device named WiPoint Patch HP111x developed by HMicro, Inc. ECG signal quality is the key factor in determining the diseases of the heart. The proposed methods delineate the P and T waves and helps to get the area of the wave. This information can be further used to identify the specific cardiac problems.

Histopathology images are used for the diagnosis and examination of cancer cells. Preparing and scanning histopathology slides consist of numerous steps of which staining are an important process. But these staining procedures cause multitude problems as there may be variations in the slides due to multiple reasons. Color variations in histopathology images can occur due to inconsistent staining of biopsy tissue, color responses of different scanners or difference in raw materials and manufacturing techniques used by stain. These factors hamper the generalization of automatic image analysis method. Hence there is a need for standardizing the image before analysis by performing stain normalization which is achieved by removing the stains for visual enhancement. Color normalization techniques play a vital in the developing computerized decision support system. In this paper, a detailed study and performance evaluation of various color normalization techniques such as Histogram Specification, Macenko Method, Reinhard Method on histopathology images are presented. In these normalization procedures the mean color of the target image is transferred onto the source image. Quality performance of different stain normalization techniques is evaluated based on Entropy and Structure Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). In this work, we record the time complexity of the color normalization algorithms. The normalization techniques are tested on histopathological images from UCSB dataset and Mitosis Atypia 2014 dataset. This article reviews and summarizes the color normalization techniques on histopathological images for visual improvement.

This paper proposes a method for credit card transaction system which will make use of face recognition and face detection technology, using Haar Cascade and GLCM algorithm. The main problem faced by credit card users is attack to lot of privacy issues such as credit card. This generally happens when users give their credit card number to unknown people or when the card is lost. So, we are proposing a system that will reduce the risk of credit card frauds. The system we are proposing will match the image of user's face with dataset of respective user. A database will be maintained for authentication purpose. If the image matches, that means user is genuine and he will be allowed to proceed otherwise, the user will be denied to do the transaction.

Air pollution has an appalling effect on human health and our planet has a whole. This study quantifies air pollution using a parameter – Air Quality Index and compare the pollution of air in six major sites across Kerala, India (South over bridge and Eloor in Ernakulam district, Pettah and Veli in Thiruvananthapuram district, Chavara and Kadappakada in Kollam district). The significant differences in seasonal variation of pollutants in the three districts are also studied. The conclusion of the study shows: a) Air Quality Index in all these areas is predominantly determined by Particulate Matter concentration; b) Ernakulam district has the highest Air Quality Index among both industrial and residential areas and Kadappakada, Kollam has the lowest Air Quality Index among all the six areas studied; c) The air quality deteriorates during winter and summer because of limited pollutant dispersion.

Social networks have grown into a popular way for internet surfers to interact with friends in addition to family members, reading news, and also discuss events. Users spend more time on popular social platforms (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, etc.) storing and sharing their personal information. This fact together with the prospect of communicating thousands of users fascinates the concentration of malicious users. They exploit the implicit trust interactions concerning users with the purpose of accomplishing their malicious objectives, for instance, create malicious links inside the posts/tweets, spread fake news, send out unsolicited messages to genuine users and so on. In this paper, we reviewed various existing techniques on spam profile detection in online social networks.

Bird population is an important factor that may affect ecology of the an area. The main aim is to create a solution for counting different species of birds present in an area and classify them into categories. There are around 1300 species of birds found in India and there can be chance that a new species which remained unidentified till now. We can calculate the number of bird species available in a locality and keep a track whether any species are in risk of being endangered. Calculating the bird population can help the ecologist to search the problem which may endanger them. Manual labor for counting and searching for new species is time consuming and error prone. In the present work, The method of solution is to create a computer vision system using machine learning techniques or deep learning method for a better accurate results. Automatic Bird detection system is primarily useful in providing optimal bird count in region with counting, the system also classifies the bird based upon its species and features.after detecting the bird, the segregates the data according to the bird's features. This data which is stored in the database can be accessed by scientists, photographers, and also by surveying units as this data provides important information about the number of birds in the area, the type of birds, Their features, and also this data helps scientists in predicting the environmental changes in the particular area by analysing the type of birds visiting the area based upon seasonal changes.

The paper examines the Factors Influencing Customers Airline Choice: A unique study of Low Cost Carriers in Kurdistan. We have considered those airlines which provide service on low or minimal cost in Kurdistan both domestic and international flights. There are only few studies conducted on low or minimum cost of flight fares and the level of satisfaction and quality of services provided. There is a distinction in travelers' recognitions between minimal effort bearers and full administration officeholders in a develop European market and in a quickly creating Asian economy John F. O'Connell, George Williams. The fundamental point of the proposal is to research which factors sway understudies' decision of either ease or full-charge aircraft. For Norwegian understudies the compelling components are nature of administration, flight accessibility, and cost; for non-Norwegians − nature of administration and administration unwavering quality. At last, conceivable clarifications for these distinctions are proposed. Anton Sokolovskyy 2012. This examination analyzed the variables that affected the aircraft determination of Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) in Thailand. The exploration was defended dependent on the fast development of LCC travel in Thailand, especially in household and local travel. There is an overall absence of effective clarification of the decision of LCCs in Thailand, with just a couple of studies tending to themes like traveler fulfillment and view of administration quality. Thapanat Buaphiban 2015. The principle choice to pick minimal effort transporters was low cost in which clients could buy on the web. What's more, the discoveries likewise uncovered that the initial three market factors impacting the choice of the respondents to support minimal effort aircrafts were low value, channel of purchasing ticket, and advancement factor. Bavornluck Kuosuwan. The total sample taken for the studies which have spread across the Kurdistan region are 180 respondents. To examine the relationship of the factors which are influencing the customer in choosing low or minimum cost flights were mean and correlation was conducted. The factors considered for the study are based on two classifications Influencing Factors and Buying Behavior. Influencing Factors-Perception, attitude, family and friends, no difficulties levels, Meeting my needs, Satisfaction, safe, timely available. Buying Behavior - Buy Low cost airline, choose and purchase is Low cost and my future buying will be only low cost ticket As a reflection of our study we could find high influencing factors with mean score of 3.75 were Good Perception towards low cost, Positive attitude towards low cost and Low Cost flights are safe with a Cronbach's Alpha of more than 0.70. The importance of customer decision choosing a low cost flight based on Buying Behavior with acceptable skewed value with the standards of ±2.58 Buy Low cost airline ticket, My first choose is Low cost ticket, I always Purchase low cost ticket, In future I will buy only low cost ticket

while creating a website choosing the best framework for the required application is the most important step. Since there are different types of frameworks it is not an easy task. Besides, if the wrong framework is chosen it could negatively impact the website. With the evolution of the web many frameworks like PHP, Java servlets, struts, Stencil, Rebel, Ruby on rails, Flask and Falcon have been developed. Large amounts of personal information and data are being sent and recovered on a daily basis from web applications. Every application contains confidential information and therefore has its own integrity policies. There can be a huge negative impact on the financial status of the company involved, if these policies are violated. Although, implementing them is very difficult even for the programmer's with good security framework. The environment of the web consists of a huge number of different technologies and components; therefore, web applications have an extraordinary surface of attack. Security defects stored in web browser may expose authentication details and sensitive information stored in the website. This may breach the integrity and confidentiality of the session and errors in the code may lead to the addition of destructive contents in the web pages. Complex elements such as databases, operating systems, firewalls, servers and other software's functioning of a web application. But for it to run properly, persistent maintenance and configuration is required. Injection attacks normally takes control over the websites database by data injection into the application. In this paper we discuss about different Frameworks, its types, benefits, the security provided and its challenges. We have also compared five of the leading frameworks in aspects of complexity and security.

In this research, Co3O4:Ni thin films have been prepared by a chemical spray pyrolysis method (CSPM). The synthesized samples, structure and morphology of creating Co3O4:Ni thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

The impacted of Ni concentration were changed from 0 to 4 % by XRD results cause increasing the crystallite size, while the Microstrain and the dislocation density are decreasing. Furthermore, the AFM imaging shows of Co3O4:Nithin films involving a classic amorphous polymer-metal complex synthetic route where Co3O4 films are uniformly embedded with 3D nanoparticles Ni skeleton. The optical properties approve that the energy gap increased from 2 eV to 2.5 eV at 4% Ni doping.

The multiple uses of fossil fuels make them depleted in the coming years. Also, the large amount of pollution produced by the use of this fuel has made the world seriously think of environmentally familiar alternative sources of energy. Universal energy is vast and diverse energy, with the ability to cover the individual's energy needs in various fields in the coming years. The focus of this study was a parabolic dish system. There are different uses solar of parabolic dish applications that can be limited by two main groups: thermal generation and electric power generation. A thermal generation used to generate steam, solar cooking, water heating, and water distillation. The briefly objective is to review and analysis the thermal generation published by taken into considering used parabolic collector system. Also, evaluate solar dish operators in differences covering like, the composition of concentrators, the material of reflector, receiver design, parabolic dish diameter, rim angle, and focal length. These characteristics drive to entire structure possible for a parabolic dish. Finally, this article may be useful for the new research worker to consider the requirement for Thermal solar generation integrated with a parabolic dish.

The paper focuses on studying activated carbon and its uses then producing activated carbon using lote wood that is available in Iraq through the process of carbonization. Also, the paper defines the best temperature to produce huge size of coal. Then use the process of carbon activation through Physical activation. The latter process can be done through steam heating or oxygen for 1000 C°. After that, several measurements have been done to measure the efficiency of activated carbon, and other physical checks related to carbon like humidity and percentage of ash.

In this work, cobalt-doped Cadmium oxide thin films are prepared by sol-gel spin coating technique on the glass substrate. The effects of annealing temperature and Co concentration on Structural, optical properties of the thin films are studied. XRD pattern indicates that a CdO single phase with a cubic polycrystalline structure is formed in all the samples. Prepared thin film samples were revealed by EDX analysis. Optical measurements show that the optical transmission of the layer is reduced and the optical-band gap decreases due to the increase in molar concentrations. The optical-band gap is decreasing while increasing of Co concentration and annealing temperature.

This paper provides the technique over selecting phenomenal frames extraction structure using SBD, KFE, and Semantic mechanism which quite easy to extract the valuable scene from the entire video. The proposed system will concentrates on findings the accuracy, precision and recall measure of inputted video from TRACEVID dataset. Here the proposed system signifies the use of thresholding technique and TBD of individual frame and calculate the various parameters like standard deviation, Mean etc. In order to legalize this claim, content based video reclamation systems were furnished using color histogram, features extraction and different approaches are applied for the supervision of the semantic temperament of each frame in the video. Also it gives major idea about the classification of the scene and algorithm which generates significant result.

The nano-particles are not limited to the domain of physics rather it is now days used for the applications in information technology and bio-informatics whereby the assorted streams can be integrated. In this research paper, the analysis of the nano-particles related to the brain waves are taken so that the predictions on the datasets can be done for effective discovery and identification of the brain related diseases. This manuscript is having focus on the usage of machine learning based approach for the predictive analysis of the brain related diseases and found that the need to integrate the information technology to biological domains are quite mandatory for the medical sciences.

The promising OC - Omni Channel interactive technology is presently perceived by several retailers as enabling the tool to compete in the marketplace more rigorously and effectively. This review paper is to discover, ascertain, and structure the research that distinctly clarifies the purpose and significance of omnichannel retailing. It provides a dynamic social strategy, an active mobile experience, with a lively converting website, to customers to offer a seamless shopping experience, by operating together, in coordination, with an advanced logistics and supply chain management perspectives; and reveals the omnichannel retailing intellectual foundation and research.

This study employs a multi-technique approach, methodology and conducts a content-analysis-literature review making use of numerous academic papers. Depending on the list of references, the citation is performed, while the analysis of co-citation depends on the most recent and regularly cited papers. This includes multidimensional cluster analysis, scaling, and factor analysis. However, there is a research gap, because; beneath these hypes and confusions lay a very crucial proposition. When the customer channels have inflated, the customer journey progressively diverts in different channels from where they started. Hence, the branding of the company is the most essential criteria so as to stitch every interaction together to generate a seamless experience. The study reveals that all customers anticipate the retail stores to be adequately integrated with retailer's every digital capability, potential, competency and to succeed. They feel that, regardless of how, the retailers must serve all the customer needs, whenever and where ever they shop, without limiting considerations in the omnichannel retailing foundation and research. These findings can support and trigger future research evolving better understanding of OC retail business.

Soil confinement systems are very important elements for every highway design. Different types of soil reinforced wall have evolved over the last past 20 years. For many years retaining structures were made of reinforced concrete. The cost of conventional retaining walls increases rapidly with increase in height of wall. Reinforced earth walls are cost effective soil retaining structures and can tolerate large settlements than conventional concrete retaining wall. Due to this reason Reinforced earth technology has completely replaced conventional concrete retaining structures. Geo-grid reinforced earth wall retaining structures have gained wide acceptance. Present research deals with analysis, design and construction of back to back RE wall. At present observations were done during construction of RE wall carried by TECHFAB INDIA LTD for ensuring knowledge of designing the RE wall. Analysis and design of RE wall was done based on following FHWA – 043 code and BS: 8006. Similarly steel strips reinforced earth wall and concrete retaining wall are designed. Cost comparison is made which shows that Geo-grid reinforced earth walls are more economical than concrete retaining walls. Cost calculation of Geo-grid reinforced earth wall is done by varying angle of internal friction of reinforced soil.

Distinct polarities of gender stereotypes ascertain that communicative styles demonstrated by men and women are fundamentally disparate. Numerous researches have established varying communicative styles and methods involved in interpersonal communication, predominantly in the analysis of conversational styles as well as etymological strategies. Nevertheless, the widespread of social media has contributed to a pivotal, fascinating shift in the utilization of lexes, encompassing less conventional gender-based articulacy and distinctness amongst youths within virtual setting. Drawing on the data from both disseminated survey and purposive observations on sampled Twitter accounts, this study probed on the correlation between gender stereotypes, communicative styles and linguistic features, manifesting the aggressive, assertive, passive-aggressive and passive traits which are associated with gender-based, stereotypical communicative styles. The findings yielded dominating percentages of males against females in which males possess and exhibit all four traits of communicative styles whereas the observations revealed that both genders demonstrate passive-aggressive and assertive traits.

With the proliferation of big data, the need for intelligent and automated systems has risen. This need is probably felt the most in the field of health care, especially in the area of blood transfusion, since they require supplies at the earliest. Currently, transfusion services are heavily manual in nature, which is not ideal. The rising demand for blood and the decline in donation rates has put a lot of strain on the blood donation supply chain. Hence, creating intelligent systems that can make decisions and improve communication across the supply chain is of great importance. In this paper, we are going to give a general summary of the various machine learning techniques which have been applied to this domain and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

This system is software which is helpful for the businesses operate hardware stores, where storeowner keeps the records of sales and purchase. Mismanaged inventory means disappointed customers, too much cash tied up in warehouses and slower sales. This project eliminates the paper work, human faults, manual delay and speed up process. Inventory Management System will have the ability to track sales and available inventory, tells a storeowner when it's time to reorder and how much to purchase. In this project, the inventory is managed for the stock on grocery on hotels. The grocery is the important factor for the food preparation industries. The remaining stock in store room is identified using the load cell and the RFID tags. If the weight of the particular item gets reduced below the threshold, then automatic SMS will be sent to the super market. All these details of the load cell are updated in the IOT cloud with date and time. The owner can easily monitor the store room status from anywhere and at any time.

Increasing the number of cyber-crimes and frauds it has become the need of hour to seriously consider the threat and make some solid security arrangement against it. The links or Uniform Resource locator (URL) can be classified as benign, spam or malicious thus informing the user beforehand about its safety. As emails are hook to attach malicious URL, luring to catch the users. Malicious URL are the most common tool used in breaking identity and attacking either the system database or some financial frauds. Instead of focusing the source of such links if the rigorous testing on various attributes is performed on the URL itself using Random forest algorithm for threat detection and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to consider even the extreme cases is expected to improve the coverage and thus can provide the system user with high level security from counterfeited URL.

The traditional hierarchical networking models, although still in use by many networks of today, are inflexible and unable to manage the huge networking infrastructure. This has led to shifting to a more flexible, dynamic and virtualized network infrastructure called Software Defined Network. SDN being a dynamic network manages the traffic flow efficiently due to its OpenFlow controllers. Although SDN is the most conventional model used today, some of its drawbacks have caused disruption on a large scale. Security is one such drawback, which is of major concern in recent times. There have been multiple researches and attempts to address this issue with an aim to permanently eliminate the threat, but with the rapid technological development, an equivalent powerful trust computing protocol is required to be implemented in order to overcome it. This paper focuses on a Botnet Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) attack that takes place in the control plane of the Software Defined Network. This malicious attack has proved to be the most dangerous threat of the web. From flooding a website to bringing down the entire server, this 'zombie' network has created haphazard among reputed businesses. An attempt is made to implement a powerful secured technology that can tackle the botnet attack, protect the networks and minimize their vulnerability to such threats that can eventually bring down the ratio of cybercrime in today's world.

Recently many premature babies have lost their lives due to lack of proper monitoring of the incubator that leads to accidents. A neonatal incubator is an enclosed equipment where a pre-mature infant will be kept in a clean and controlled environment for observation and care. The biological parameters are monitored to ensure the safety of the babies and to prevent death rates. For monitoring the vital signs continuously for pre-mature infants in the hospital it requires sensors and electrodes which is said to be kept in contact to the patient and it can be displayed in a d monitor. Any abnormality in the parameter will be indicated by alarm system. In this survey, we concentrate on the available incubator monitoring systems, the biological parameters measured and analyse techniques used in real-time monitoring, transmission of the data.

by 2050, 70% of the world population is estimated to migrate toward the city, covering just 2% of the earth's surface. This leads to many issues, and traffic congestion is one among them. To continue to serve and improve the life of the growing population, it is mandatory to develop an advanced medium to avoid risks which are likely to occur as a result of overcrowded traffic. Our motive is to develop an autonomous vehicle to free human drivers and thus increasing their safety. The Self-driving autonomous vehicles have intensely become one of the great discovery in the field of technology. Different technologies like deep learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI), etc. are merged with each other and with the smart sensors (SS) to develop this self-driven autonomous vehicle. Computer Vision and Deep Learning techniques are applied to build an automotive related algorithm. This project uses Computer Vision Techniques to identify lane lines on a road and also able to identify 40+ different traffic signals. In this project, we will explore the smart city (SMC) concept and propose a strategy development model that will mitigate the traffic concern issues by implementing traffic management system (TMS) using SS network in a SMC context.

Recommendation System (RS) is software that suggests similar items to a purchaser based on his/her earlier purchases or preferences. RS examines huge data of objects and compiles a list of those objects which would fulfil the requirements of the buyer. Nowadays most ecommerce companies are using Recommendation systems to lure buyers to purchase more by offering items that the buyer is likely to prefer. Book Recommendation System is being used by Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Flipkart, Goodreads, etc. to recommend books the customer would be tempted to buy as they are matched with his/her choices. The challenges they face are to filter, set a priority and give recommendations which are accurate.

RS systems use Collaborative Filtering (CF) to generate lists of items similar to the buyer's preferences. Collaborative filtering is based on the assumption that if a user has rated two books then to a user who has read one of these books, the other book can be recommended (Collaboration). CF has difficulties in giving accurate recommendations due to problems of scalability, sparsity and cold start. Therefore this paper proposes a recommendation that uses Collaborative filtering with Jaccard Similarity (JS) to give more accurate recommendations. JS is based on an index calculated for a pair of books. It is a ratio of common users (users who have rated both books) divided by the sum of users who have rated the two books individually. Larger the number of common users higher will be the JS Index and hence better recommendations. Books with high JS index (more recommended) will appear on top of the recommended books list.

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) forms one of the promising platforms capable of supplying the power system with the distributed spinning reserve. This paper proposes an autonomous V2G control scheme through which user convenience in vehicles could be managed. Also, the proposed system strives to support the management of the power system contribution and battery condition during idle time. To verify the performance of the proposed system's interface, system efficiency, and communication and control structure, an integrated interface controller, a controllable bi-directional power conditioner, and the test system responsible for electric vehicle battery test bed coordination (with a DC charging port) are used.

In the recent past, one of the swarm-based algorithms that have been introduced is Artificial Be Colony (ABC) algorithms. The role of ABC lies in the stimulation of honeybee swarms' intelligent foraging behavior. This study applied the ABC algorithm toward large numerical test function optimization. Also, the results were compared with those that had been reported by experimental studies employing evolution strategies, differential evolution algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and genetic algorithm. From the findings, the study established that ABC exhibits superior performance compared to population-based algorithms, with other situations also witnessing the algorithm's performance likened to or similar to the population-based algorithms. The factor that explained the superiority of the ABC algorithm was that it employs fewer control parameters.

In this study, the main aim was to determine the impact of the parameters of porous media and constant wall permeability on the round vessel's creeping flow. To determine the exact solution, the study employed the inverse technique. Also, the mathematical expression for leakage flux, flow rate, pressure distribution, wall shear stress, velocity components, and stream function were used to understand the flow behavior. The motivation was to determine how flow properties exist relative to porous media and wall permeability. From the findings, the study established that there is a reduction in fluid velocity when the permeability of the porous medium is low. The maximum permeation rate was recorded at 84% and was obtained following high osmotic pressure drop and increased wall permeability. Similarly, the porous media's state of porosity did not affect the amount of permeable fluid, as well as leakage flow. Rather, these parameters dependent on the nature of constant wall permeability.

Recently, different techniques have been employed toward motion estimation. Some of these approaches include image based, model based, and silhouette based estimations. Despite their promising nature and outcomes, it remains notable that the techniques rely on motion data quality before producing optimal classification with precision and accuracy. Also, most of the existing algorithms have been complex relative to motion estimation, making interpretation challenging. Therefore, this study strived to respond to these dilemmas by modeling simple human motions through which various patterns of activity behavior could be recognized and aid in classification analyses. Three body components were used to develop the framework. These components included the lower body (LB), the upper body (UB), and the backbone (BB). Indeed, it was through these parts that a simple 2D human stick figure was formed. It is also notable that upon completion, the motion estimation mathematical model was compared to the performance of real motion phases to determine its efficiency in classification. The classifiers to which the model's performance was compared included Rules and Tress, Misc, Meta, Function, Lazy, and Bayes classifiers. From the results, it was established that the 2D stick-model matching estimation was feasible and could be used to play a crucial rule in analyzing human motion classification.

This study examined the how a logarithmic intensity function could be used to develop a segmentation model for intensity and noisy homogeneity images. Whereas inhomogeneous images demand the use of local image data, it remains notable that it remains defective for noisy images. The eventuality is that active contour motions tend to be misguided by the local information. In the proposed model, the logarithmic function was able to capture minute details contained in selected images and also counter or ignore the perceived noise. As such, the model proved effective and robust, worth applying to such images. To verify the effectiveness of the model, its results were compared to the experimental outcomes previously reported after employing local Chan-Vese Model. Indeed, the proposed model exhibited superior performance in relation to the treatment of intensity and noisy inhomogeneity images.

The aim of this study was to determine how nanoparticles tend to affect the heat transfer and velocity parameters during nanofluid flow processes. The study gained insights from the context of Non-Darcy mixed convection systems. Also, a wedge was considered for investigation, with specific features under examination involving surface stretching and shrinkage. Also, the coordinate transformation technique was used to obtain ordinary differential equations, which were also obtained after the conversion of governing partial differential equations. Similar, the fourth order Runge Kutta technique was used to solve the transformed equations, complemented by the shooting technique. Upon achieving the temperature and velocity field results, they were presented both in tabular and graphical forms. The motivation was to provide room for studying the movement of water, gas, and oil through the gas field or oil reservoir, as well as water purification and groundwater migration. From the results, it was established that an increase in the rate of nanoparticles concentration heat transfer causes a decrease in the friction factor. On the other hand, an increase in nanoparticles concentration caused an increase in Nusselt number or the rate of heat transfer. Additional findings demonstrate that an increase in the suction parameter causes an increase in the rate of heat transfer, as well as the friction factor. Lastly, this study established that as the wedge angle increases, the Nusselt number or rate of heat transfer increases, with a similar trend observed regarding the correlation between the wedge angle and the friction factor.

In the economy, one of the crucial trends or processes that play an important role involves electricity consumption prediction. Indeed, forecasting the consumption of electricity with accuracy and precision paves the way for relevant policy makers to establish strategies for electricity supply. Despite this promising and beneficial effect of accurate forecasting, limited variables and data are unlikely to offer adequate data through which satisfactory prediction accuracy might be gained. Due to the need to address this dilemma, this study developed a novel model as an improvement of the grey forecasting model. The proposed framework combined the background value's interpolation optimization (for the GM model) and the original data sequence's data transformation. Also, cases studies were conducted to discern the proposed model's prediction performance. From the findings, the proposed model outperformed most of the other grey-linked frameworks relative to the parameter of forecasting accuracy. Apart from forecasting accuracy, another parameter on which the proposed model exhibited superior results compared to grey modification frameworks and the traditional GM model involves the total electricity consumption. The implication is that the findings were informative and of practical importance whereby they would allow relevant agencies in the electricity sector to develop short-term plans or strategies (due to its electricity consumption prediction accuracy), even in situations where the source data is limited.

This study employed a genetic algorithm technique to examine and predict how shell-and-tube heat exchangers' performance regarding heat recovery could be improved. In particular, a multi-objective energy-based optimization algorithm was employed. Two major parameters that were investigated in relation to their potential moderating effect included cost and energy efficiency. Regarding the cost, the study examined specific parameters such as operating cost (energy expenditure accruing from pumping) and equipment capital spending (the surface area of the heat exchanger). Regarding the design parameters, issues that were analyzed included baffle cut ratio, baffle spacing ratio, tube length, tube pitch ratio, tube diameters, and tube arrangement. To ensure that an optimal heat exchange was designed, aspects of the coefficient of heat transfer and pressure drop were estimated using Bell-Delaware procedure and the ε – NTU method. To ensure that minimum total cost, minimum energy destruction, and maximum energy efficiency were obtained, NSGA-II algorithm was applied. In turn, Pareto optimal solutions were reported in the results. From the findings, it was evident that two objective functions conflicted and that a change in geometrical properties would decrease the exergy destruction (or increase the exergy efficiency), leading to increased total cost. In exergy destruction, the heat exchanger optimization relative to exergy analysis indicated that irreversibility such as high temperature differences between the cold and hot steam and pressure drop affect the nature of exergy destruction. As such, it was concluded that when the heat exchanger's component efficiency is increased, its cost increases.

Given that the electricity trading market has been specified, some of the growing demands include the establishment of long-term mechanisms, the improvement of electric power emergency mechanisms, and the strengthening of electric power demand side. Therefore, this study proposed a model for optimizing the planning of the monthly power generation. Specifically, the grey model algorithm was examined to discern some of the improvements that could be implemented. With the energy conservation development direction and the market considered, the research setting involved a regional power grid dispatch management system. A key parameter that was examined involved the monthly free energy conservation strategy and how the rate of short-term energy saving establishment could be improved. From the findings, it was evident that the proposed model for optimizing energy-saving power generation establishments poses beneficial effects in terms of power generation scheduling and improved resource allocation, hence meeting the electric power market reform needs.

This study proposed a system model through which reserve and energy capacity could be dispatched. Moderating factors that were considered included unsteady power generation and uncertain load demand. The parameters considered centered on uncertainty in power demand management while considering environmental, user, and utility objectives. The proposed mode also considered day-ahead markets for electricity relative to power demand bid variation. In so doing, the model strived to generate certain amounts of the required energy, as well as reserve capacity. Furthermore, the model predicted any lost opportunity cost before incorporating the expected load that would go unreserved. The investigation culminated into the analysis of the impact of separate and combined energy dispatch and reserve on system outcomes. To address non linear cost curves, robust optimization technique was used to optimize the selected objective function. To conduct and evaluate the numerical outcomes, as well as the feasibility of the proposed framework, case analyses were conducted. From the simulation outcomes, the proposed scheduling model proved effective in such a way that it posed beneficial effects such as improved system stability and reduced cost.

To achieve a sustainable future, one of the trends that have been observed to play a crucial role involves renewable energy. In this field, developments have progressed rapidly, with solar energy on particular focus. However, most of the solar energy has failed to fulfill its expected potential due to two main reasons. These reasons include obstacles in the form of efficiency and performance limitations. In this study, the central purpose was to steer improvements in solar panel performance. In particular, the objective of the study was to identify and optimize the affecting parameters. Therefore, a mechanical system was established for holding and controlling the photovoltaic field's orientation and tilt. To measure and store the system's performance information, the study relied on an electrical system, as well as a data acquisition system. To determine the impact of the target parameters on output optimization and the yield response, the investigation relied on the Response Surface Methodology and a design of experiments. From the results, the study established that from the horizon, a 600 tilt would attract an optimal result. Also, an optimal result was achieved when the panel condition was clean and that from the south, an azimuth angle was set at 450. Lastly, there was no significant effect posed by the wind factor in the target and specified parameter ranges.

This study proposed and analyzed a mathematical model. The proposed model was used for studying the two-prey predator system dynamics in relation to the fishery model. One of the parameters that were considered involved the possible impact of harvesting on the target populations. In particular, ecological dynamics were studied relative to tilapia, cichlid, and the Nile perch as pre-predator systems. Through system non-dimensionalization, the study computed equilibrium points before obtaining the conditions for global and local instability. To achieve the local instability condition, the investigation used Routh-Hurwitz Criterion and eigenvalues approach. With appropriate Lyapunov function defined, the coexistence equilibrium was proved. In turn, there was the analysis of the bio-economic equilibrium before conducting numerical simulations to verify the analytical outcomes that the study obtained. From the numerical results, the study established that if tilapia and cichlid fishes are not overharvested, the three species are likely to coexist. The populations were observed to play a crucial role to the Nile perch population's growth rate. Hence, the study's proposed mathematical model proved informative in such a way that it paved the way for the fishery control management departments to avoid overharvesting tilapia and cichlid fishes.

Given curves or points, one of the problems that have been documented in the recent past entails building smooth surfaces. The problem is pronounced due to computer technology and industry developments. Initially, zero Gaussian curvature shells and minimal surfaces were used. These surfaces relied on isotropic analytic curves. However, consumer properties restrict these curves. Hence, there is a growing need to steer expansions in surface shaping. In response to this trend, this paper proposed a technique for surface construction based on the role of isotropic fractional-rational curves. In the framework, the building of surfaces involved the use of flat orthogonal and isothermal grids, a process governed by the Weierstrass technique. Indeed, the latter approach was adopted due to the associated trend of demanding minimal surfaces.

Back calculations of layer stiffness are preceded by initial analyses of the deflection bowl in conjunction with the measured or assumed thickness of the layers. This step is important in understanding the strains, stresses, and moduli in the individual layers. An accurate modelling of the stiffness of the subgrade is observed to be important because a failure to achieve accuracy implies that disproportionately large errors are likely to arise during the back-analysis. Notably, the latter is applicable in for the provision of the upper layer moduli (State Highway Administration, 2016). With the existence of packages that aid in bob-linear subgrade analysis, the use of a system such as the ELMOD package uses deflections for calculating "n" and C. the relationship holds:

E = C (σz/a')n where n and C refer to constants

σz = vertical stress

σ' = reference stress

E = modulus of elasticity

In the field of civil engineering, the adoption and use of Falling Weight Deflectometers (FWDs) is seen as a response to the ever changing and technology-driven world. Specifically, FWDs refer to devices that aid in evaluating the physical properties of a pavement. This paper has assessed the concepts of data processing, storage, and analysis via FWDs. The device has been found to play an important role in enabling the operators and field practitioners to understand vertical deflection responses upon subjecting pavements to impulse loads. In turn, the resultant data and its analysis outcomes lead to the backcalculation of the state of stiffness, with initial analyses of the deflection bowl occurring in conjunction with the measured or assumed layer thicknesses. In turn, outcomes from the backcalculation processes lead to the understanding of the nature of the strains, stresses, and moduli in the individual layers; besides layer thickness sensitivity, the determination of isotropic layer moduli, and establishing estimates in the subgrade CBR. Overall, impositions of elastic and low strain conditions foster the determination of resilient modulus and the analysis of unbound granular materials. Hence, FWD data processing, analysis, and storage gain significance in civil engineering because it informs the nature of designing new pavements and other rehabilitation design options.

The role of a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test lies in the capacity to measure pavement system responses in relation to transient loads. These loads are applied on surfaces of the pavements. A study by ARA Inc. & ERES Consultants Division (2004) indicated that the backcalculation of pavement layer moduli via FWD has continually gained adoption or wide employment, yet it has not gone without limitations. As concurred by Ceylan, Guclu, Tutumluer and Thompson (2005), FWD results are dependent on pavement response static analyses. Indeed, most of the previous studies highlight that the discrepancies between FWD test dynamic nature and the static assumption yield significant errors in moduli (Chatti, Ji & Harichandran, 2004). It has also been established that a number of dynamic solutions exist in relation to pavement response but computational complexities with which these approaches are associated imply that their application in programs of conventional backcalculation is impractical (Goel & Das, 2008). Indeed, it is the limitation of FWD results and the impractical nature of adopting dynamic solutions that have paved way for the application of artificial neural network technologies while seeking to address the backcalculation dilemma with precision. Artificial neural networks constitute simple processing element collections that are highly interconnected and, upon training, could aid in the approximation of inverse functions (Goktepe, Agar & Lav, 2006). Goktepe, Agar and Lav (2005) observed that the approximation is achieved via repeated shows of forward problem solutions. Gopalakrishnan (2010) avowed that the leading advantage associated with artificial neural networks (ANN) concerns the aspect of speed.

As input patterns are presented to ANN networks, output patterns are produced. ANN's neurons constitute layers: the output layer, one or more hidden layers, and the input layer. Hence, information flows to the output layer from the input layer via the hidden layer, with the latter forming a platform for input-output layer association (Meier & Rix, 1994). One of the findings in the study by Nazzal and Tatari (2013), who used ANN for backcalculation of flexible pavement moduli, it was observed that ANN exhibits the capability of predicting layer moduli values of pavements with success; with FWD-enabled field deflection measurements on focus. Similarly, it was noted that ANN adoption yields a significant reduction in computation time while simplifying the backcalculation process.

The concept of pavement management has evolved overtime owing to the need for roadway, pavement, and pavement network repair and maintenance. Pavement management has also evolved due to growing concerns about the alarming rates at which some pavement systems have deteriorated, a trend which also compromises their durability. One of the areas that have received growing scholarly interest and research is the role of expansive soils. Indeed, expansive soils or clays exhibit extensive strength and volume changes relative to the amount of moisture content. In this study, the main aim is to find out the impact of expansive soils on pavement deterioration and management, with specific insight gained from the context of Houston, Texas.

As acknowledged by Cabalar, Karabash and Mustafa (2014) and Consoli, de Moraes and Festugato (2011), expansive soils are among the leading causes of distresses in pavements. Based on the parameter of moisture levels, Dang, Fatahi and Khabbaz (2016) stated that expansive soils experience significant alterations in their volume. According to Dash and Hussain (2012), this variation is attributed to fluctuations in the amount of moisture in the soil, an outcome in response to seasonal variations. In situations, where a region experiences high moisture, Hasan, Dang and Khabbaz et al. (2016) established that there is a likelihood of swelling beneath pavements established over expansive clays in the region. On the other hand, Hatmoko and Suryadharma (2017) asserted that when the level of soil moisture falls, there is a likelihood of shrinking, a predictor for significant deformation. In a similar observation, Johnson and Gopinath (2016) noted that these cycles of shrinking and swelling exhibit a direct correlation with pavement cracking. Whether this trend holds for the case of Houston, Texas remains unknown. However, the findings from this study suggest that mathematical models are informative in such a way that they explain the relationship between expansive soils and pavement deformation as that which is predicted by seasonal variations that cause alterations in the amount of moisture in soil.

Pavement management refers to a process through which roadway networks or facility maintenance and repairs are planned. According Abdulaziz, Taha, Kenawi and Kamel (2013), the main aim of this process is to ensure that an entire network's pavement conditions are optimized. According to Aiswarya and Deepthi (2015), pavement management also refers to a program through which the performance and quality of pavements are improved; with Alawi and Rajab (2013) documenting further that the practice strives to ensure that through good management practices costs are minimized.

The main aim of this study was to investigate admixture molecular systems relative to their statistical properties. The admixtures under investigation were those placed in Nanoscale volumes such as parallelepiped and cube settings having wall impermeable surfaces. Free molecule interactions were simulated in admixtures relative to wall surface molecules. In turn, the interactions were modeled based on atomic structure girds. Also, SiO2 was used s a material and its use was informed by the ability to account for important quantum effects' manifestations; Casimir force in this case. It is also notable that a random distribution function for surface heights was used to model the roughness of the target surface. Some of the parameters to which the results were applied for estimation included polyatomic molecules' dihedral angle length deviations, valence, and chemical bond lengths. From the results, it was evident that the proposed model can determine a system's stable configuration properties, upon which practical problems could be solved relative to physical limitation conditions of Nanoscale devices – especially in highly dispersed systems' admixture filtration. With the impact of Casimir force on admixture volumes examined and multi-component admixture membranes or plates' radial distribution function computed, results demonstrated distributions of lengths relative to their associated equilibrium values.

In this research, a metal alloy was prepared and its structural and physiological properties were studied. The method of powder technology was used in mixing and mixing powders. The ratio of 1: 1 was mixed with 100 micron granular powder and nickel powder with granular size of 78 microns. The mixture was then reinforced with a nanocrystalline powder with a mixing ratio of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%), where the powders were mixed in an effective mechanical mixing method at a rate of 350 rpm and 6 hours continuously. Physical tests (density, hardness, yield strength, young modulus) were performed. The electrical tests were carried out using four sensors (probs) such as resistivity and electrical conductivity, as well as structural tests such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed a significant improvement in the micro hardness values using Vickers hardness, which resulted in improved yield strength and young modulus respectively. The results of the test showed that the electrical conductivity properties showed a clear reduction in the resistivity values of the alloys supported by the nano-silver powder and an increase in the values of the electrical conductivity compared to the base alloy (nickel-titanium).

This study was carried out through four tracks after adjusting the parameter parameters of the GPR device suitable for the soil quality to obtain the deepest possible depth, Three track, using an antenna (500 MHz) and one track using an antenna (250 MHz) In order to know the ability of the ground penetrating radar to detect and identify the features located under the ground of the university and knowledge The thickness of the pavement layers and the limitations of the site. The aim of the study was to compare Reflex program with the RAD Explorer program, This study demonstrated the efficiency of the RAD program for the Reflex program in data processing, detection of distortions accurately and also the technical efficiency (GPR) in the detection of erosion and soil-covered impacts without drilling.

In the present study, composites have been prepared with basis polymers reinforced with triple system of bio-ceramic (CaO, TiO2, ZrO2). The percentages of the weight have been ( 0%,2%,4%,6%,8% ). The method of mixing the manual fluid and the ultrasound technique to distribute the powder pre-prepared within the polymer to obtain the desired mechanical properties has been suitable for this purpose. Mechanical tests have been performed to determine the efficiency of the composites performance, the Included (Impact strength, hardness and wear resistance). The results have shown a significant improvement in the values of the impact energy and the hardness of the particulate as well as the high resistance to wear the composites compared to the base material. The results have been interpreted according to synthetic tests for the powder (X-ray, SEM, EDX).

For a mathematical model the local bifurcation like pitchfork, transcritical and saddle node occurrence condition is defined in this paper. With the existing of toxicity and harvesting in predator and prey it consist of stage-structured. Near the positive equilibrium point of mathematical model on the Hopf bifurcation with particular emphasis it established. Near the equilibrium point E₀ the transcritical bifurcation occurs it is described with analysis. And it shown that at equilibrium points E₁ and E₂ happened the occurrence of saddle-node bifurcation. At each point the pitch fork bifurcation occurrence is not happened. For the occurrence of local bifurcation illustration there used some numerical simulation.

In this article, the problems that arise in the procedure of molding by the investment casting method are considered. Information about polymeric metallic materials, their application features is described. The important aspects of the quality of molding manufactures be investment casting method are considered. Some methods for improving the quality of products are proposed. The optimal technological process, to choose the size and number of ingredients of the molding mixture to recycle the shell forms as raw materials, has been found by field experiments and the obtained technological process was resource-saving, highly productive, with a lower cost of the produced details.

With the effect of Endometriosis within the fallopian tubal fluid the current theoretical prospective examination proposed appraoch of the peristaltic-ciliary transport of a growing embryo. This deases make the peristalsis-ciliary flow become to peristalsis flow. By the help of the perturbation approach Non-linear partial differential equations can be solved. By using the stream function and wavelength the expression for pressure rise can be optained, low Reynolds number approximation and under the assumption of long wave length the pressure difference over can derived, over tube length appropriate residue time and for embedded parameters the flow varoables like radial and axial velocities can analyzed. This study is done through by the "MATHEMATICA".

In this research, a biocompatible polymer system was developed with the body of the organism supported by a two-phase ceramic powder consisting of a mixture of calcium oxides and alumina powder. Samples were obtained using a fluid mixing method and using ultrasound technology to distribute the powder and spread it within the polymer (PMMA). The weight fraction used for reinforcement was (0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%). The thermodynamic analysis technique (TMA) was used to complete and test the thermal expansion coefficient for a certain temperature range between 20-250 ° C where the results showed a significant improvement in thermal expansion coefficient at temperatures below 100 ° C for prepared composites at 3%wt. compared with that of the unsupported polymer showed a significant expansion at the same temperature range. Impact strength have measured by using Charpy test for all samples with a standard dimension of 5.5cm × 1cm×1cm. The pendulum angle was stabilized at 150 °, where all the prepared composite showed high impact strength, hardness and fracture toughness, respectively, compared with the polymer material. The tested powder was tested using x-ray diffraction as well as the scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersion spectrometry to determine the ratios and interacting compounds in the preparation of biochemical powder.

Urban areascomprising natural terrainare prepared empirically for the urbanistic developmentof cities, causingalterationsto the natural relief and affecting notablythe physical surroundingsas resultof deficient planning in the preparation of the terrainfor urbanism works. Thisstudyseeks to formulate a rational solutionto earth movementsthroughtwomodels, one having to do with simulation and the other being mathematical in contrast with thecurrent empirical methodappliedin numerous works of engineering, where el budgethas an important specific weight. In response to this, modelingofsurfaces emerges, which describesthe process ofphysical and artificial representationof the skin of the earththroughageometric model. Thistype ofmodel permits designing the modificationof a terrain's topographyto prepare it optimally for a given purpose, considering twofundamental variables: area and volume. As resultof this research, an optimization model was obtained for the designofartificial earth movementsapplicableto the type oftopography prevalent in the citiesin the Colombian Eje Cafetero (coffee growing region). The studyfound that the variables ofarea, volume and cut and fill heights createa model, which determinesthe optimal point and around such, an uncertainty zonecalled design zone, achieving the greatest useful areain the constructionwith the least volumeof earth to move.

The article describes a modern control station for rod well-pumping units designed to increase oil production efficiency, developed by the KSEU research team, and presents the station's distinctive characteristics that can improve both the economic and technical components of the rocking machines work.

The aims of study are to introduce acceleration methods that called acceleration methods of exponential functions, which we generally call Al-Tememe's acceleration methods of the second kind discovered by (Ali Hassan Mohammed). It is useful to improve the numerical results of integrals with continuous integrands in which the error is of the 4th order, and related to accuracy, the number of used, sub partial intervals and how fast to get results especially to accelerate the results got by Simpson's method. Also, it is possible to utilize it in improving the results of differential equations numerically of the main error of the forth order.

The research was to obtain information and assess the impact of region and seasonal changes on the physical-chemical indicators of milk, as well as to predict the impact of these changes on the composition and quality of products derived from such milk. To assess the differences in milk taken from different regions, as well as to identify the impact of the season on its quality, physical-chemical indicators, including the content of fatty acids in the milk of Holstein cows of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied. To assess the health status of lactating animals, the content of somatic cells in milk was additionally assessed. The results of studies found that the season and the region significantly influenced the physical-chemical indicators of milk and the content of fatty acids in lipids.

The chemical, amino acid and fatty acid compositions in the muscle tissue of camel meat of Almaty region were studied. The data obtained are important indicators that can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the functionality of camel meat. Camel meat has a high nutritional value, the protein content is within 18.73-19.52%, moisture 76.59-78.5%, fat 2.1-2.77%. The material to determine the fatty acid composition of camel meat, we have selected from muscle tissue of the thigh (Biceps femoris) 3-year-old camel (dromedary). It was found that the fat content in camel meat is 2.55%, including saturated fatty acids 64.53% and monounsaturated 34.34% g/100 g of lipids. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids averages 1.9%. Camel fat is characterized by a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitoleic (29.77% and 3.32% g/100 g of lipids). High lysine content of 10.47% and low tryptophan content of 0.16% were noted in comparison with the results of other authors. The ratio of the amount of essential amino acids to interchangeable in camel meat in the test sample is 0.70%, and the highest rate in Arabic meat is 0.97%.

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain tortured phrases [1].

IOP Publishing has investigated and agrees the article contains a number of nonsensical phrases that feature throughout the paper and lack of context surrounding the use of nanoparticles [2], to the extent that the article makes very little sense. This casts serious doubt over the legitimacy of the article.

IOP Publishing wishes to credit PubPeer commenters [3] for bringing the issue to our attention.

The authors neither agree nor disagree to this retraction.

1.  Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, Tortured phrases: A dubious writing style emerging in science. Evidence of critical issues affecting established journals, arXiv:2107.06751v1.

2.  J Caroline El Fiorenza et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.1362 012058

3.  https://pubpeer.com/publications/141D3718D06E034A408B326284F895

Retraction published: 03 May 2023

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain tortured phrases [1].

IOP Publishing has investigated and agrees the article contains a number of nonsensical phrases that feature throughout the paper [2], to the extent that the article makes very little sense. This casts serious doubt over the legitimacy of the article.

IOP Publishing wishes to credit PubPeer commenters [3] for bringing the issue to our attention. The authors neither agree nor disagree to this retraction.

[3] Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, Tortured phrases: A dubious writing style emerging in science. Evidence of critical issues affecting established journals, arXiv:2107.06751v1

[2] K. Aishwarya et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.1362 0120783

[3] https://pubpeer.com/publications/DA5C7D9046A9078D657EEF2D704699

Retraction published: 25 July 2023

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain tortured phrases [1].

IOP Publishing has investigated and agrees the article contains a number of nonsensical phrases that feature throughout the paper [2], to the extent that the article makes very little sense. This casts serious doubt over the legitimacy of the article.

IOP Publishing wishes to credit PubPeer commenters [3] for bringing the issue to our attention. The authors neither agree nor disagree to this retraction.

[1] Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, Tortured phrases: A dubious writing style emerging in science. Evidence of critical issues affecting established journals, arXiv:2107.06751v1

[2] R. Subash et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.1362 012096

[3] https://pubpeer.com/publications/EE92A818E4F2225546B17106D07738

Retraction published: 25 July 2023