Table of contents

ICATES 2020

"Emerging Novel Research in Agriculture, Engineering, and Environmental Sciences"

September 21-22, 2020

List of Organizer, Supporter, International Scientific Committees, Steering Committees and Organizing Committees are available in this pdf.

Preface

This conference is the 2^nd International Conference on Agricultural Technology, Engineering, and Environmental Sciences (ICATES) which has been successfully conducted previously in 2019. The main topic of this conference is "Emerging Novel Research in Agriculture, Engineering, and Environmental Sciences". The first ICATES conference is also published in IOP Earth and Environmental Sciences on Volume 365 November 2019. At first, we plan to conduct this conference physically just like previous ICATES in August 2019. However, due to the unforseen circumstances of global pandemic COVID-19, the ICATES 2020 conference was carried out virtually by zoom meeting platform from which we gather all participants from Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Sudan, Germany related to the conference topics. We took this option because this conference was already designated and funded. Keynote and invited speakers were also scheduled for this event. Many delegations and authors requested for this conference to be performed, even virtually, since they need it to cover their publication and sharing knowledge requirements.

The conference itself was run as planned on 21^st September 2020 with the support from virtual event organizer started from 8.00 am to 19.00 pm. The ICATES committee members were managed this event in a particular room as a studio along with two appointed MCs. The conference was officially opened by the Rector of Syiah Kuala University and it is broadcast lively via YouTube platform with recorded participants reach 416 were joined. The invited speakers from UiTM Malaysia and UGM Gadjah Mada University were firstly started the session, while the Keynote speaker from Julius Kuhn Institute, Germany started his session on 13.30 (Indonesia Time) or 08.30 in Germany.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

This study aimed to obtain the best calibration model from various spectra pre-treatment methods to assess sapodilla fruit firmness using vis-nir spectroscopy. Before the spectra data measurement, samples were treated with storage of 0, 5 and 10 days at room temperature. Spectra data measurement was carried out using the NirVana AG410 visible and near infrared spectrometer from 312 to 1050 nm with interval of 3 nm. RAW spectra were pre-treated using the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV), and Savitzky-Golay first derivative (dg1) with 9 points of smoothing. The calibration model was developed using PLS (partial least squares) method. Validation was done by K fold cross validation method. The results showed the MSC and SNV spectra were able to eliminate noises of RAW spectra, whereas in the dg1 spectra, noises were still visible. The best model was acquired by SNV spectra with R² (coefficient of determination) of calibration and validation of 0.882 and 0.870, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) values of 2.92 and 3.08, and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 2.76. The result indicated the spectra pre-treatments were able to improve the accuracy of calibration model on assessment of sapodilla fruit firmness.

Agricultural waste can be converted onto useful materials like compost or organic fertilizers. In a simply practice, those wastes were kept and mixed with additional composting materials to enrich the fertilizer nutrients and compositions. Generally, plants can growth optimally in sufficient media, that is soil. It requires adequate micro and macro nutrients like phosphorus (P). in order to determine P content and other nutrient properties, many methods have been widely used from which most of them are wet chemical analysis. The main aim of this present study is to employ the near infrared reflectance (NIRS) technique in determining P content of organic fertilizer. Spectra data were generated in wavenumbers 5000 – 10 000 cm⁻¹ and the model were established using principal component regression (PCR) method. The results showed that P content of compost materials can be determined using NIRS with maximum correlation coefficient 0.99 and robustness index 4.14 respectively.

Presented paper aimed to investigate the application of near infrared spectroscopy as a fast and robust approach in distinguishing two different rice cultivars based on their fragrance character. Spectra data of rice samples were acquired and recorded in wavenumbers range of 4000-10 000 cm⁻¹ with co-added of 32 scans and 4x optical gain. Further, multivariate analysis in form of principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to classify those samples based on near infrared optical properties. The result showed that both rice cultivars can be precisely clustered and discriminated with total explained variance of 100% using first two principal components (PC). The respective chemical parameters of these differences are fiber content, carbohydrates, amylose content and fragrance. The mentioned three parameters were vibrated strongly in wavenumbers 4260, 7512 and 7900 cm⁻¹ for carbohydrates, amylose and fragrance, while for fiber content, it vibrated at 5183 cm⁻¹ respectively. Based on obtained results, it may conclude that near infrared spectroscopy approach is able to classify and discriminate rice cultivars based on their fragrance by means of spectral optic properties in near infrared region.

Leaf area and leaf number is an important factor in many agronomic and plant physiological studies. The measurements are commonly obtained by destructive and time consuming via laboratory. Therefore, there is a trend in utilizing fast and non-destructive methods to estimate leaf area and leaf number. The aim of this study was to estimate leaf area and leaf number of pak choy (Brassica rapa) under field condition. For this purpose, 180 pots of pak choy plants were captured. Afterward, the images were analysed via image processing. Distance transform-watershed segmentation was used to extract and to separate every leaf from its background. The area of each leaves were estimated according to the pixel values obtained. The area of leaves also compared to the ImageJ measurement. The number of extracted leaves was evaluated according to precision, recall, and f-measure calculation. In conclusion, our system achieves a good performance for minimal occlusion leaves and provides quick and non-destructive method. This method could potentially be applied to design phenotyping system in the greenhouse even for small scale companies.

Aceh patchouli oil is sometimes mixed with various oils for profit resulting in the low quality of patchouli oil. This low quality caused Aceh patchouli oil to depress its selling price. The main objective of this study is to develop NIRS technology to investigate the authenticity of patchouli oil mixed with coconut oil using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) methods. This present study uses 6 kinds of sample treatment namely pure oil and mixed oil with a total of 42 samples for calibration and 18 samples for validation. The results showed that NIRS Technology with PCA and LDA methods provides a solution opportunity to solve the problem of counterfeiting patchouli oil with coconut oil. The PCA method successfully obtained a classification model that was able to provide a clear visual appearance to distinguish between pure patchouli oil and a mixture of patchouli oil and coconut oil. Meanwhile, the LDA method successfully obtained a validated classification model with the number of errors 1 out of 18 independent validation samples to distinguish between pure patchouli oil and non-patchouli oil.

Pliek U is the most popular for Aceh's people due to its use as a traditional recipe mixed in the main food course. The quality establishment of Pliek U is mostly based on sensory tests from consumers. This study using the sensory and the organoleptic test. Certain methods used for panelists to assess Pliek U organoleptic were the hedonic or liking test and descriptive test. This research aims to determine the quality of Pliek U based on variations in the thickness of the fermentation and fermentation time using the organoleptic hedonic test and descriptive test. Verify was carried out by giving a questionnaire to the panelists with parameters, including; color, aroma, and taste. Furthermore, for the hedonic organoleptic, the panelists were given a questionnaire with a scale or score, i.e., 1 (most dislike), 2 (dislike), 3 (neutral), 4 (like), and 5 (most like). In comparison, the panelist descriptive test represents and identifies quality in Pliek U based on taste. For the hedonic and descriptive organoleptic test, the panelists liked the Pliek U for fermented to 7 days with a pile thickness of 30 cm, wherein the Pliek U was light brown, had a non-rancid aroma, and a sour taste. The regression analysis showed the thickness of the rasp coconut pile, and the fermentation time was significant on the level of panelist admission of the Pliek U color, and no significant effect on the aroma and taste of Pliek U.

The chemical characteristic of Aceh local rice (Oryza sativa L.) is largely determined by the moisture content, protein, ash and amylose. On the other hand, sensory indispensable to determine the level of acceptance of a product. This study aims to determine chemical analysis and sensory of Aceh local rice mutant M4 from gamma-ray irradiation results. The results showed that M4 mutant rice had a very significant effect on the chemical characteristic, amylose and protein, and significantly affected to the ash content. The best amylose content was the USK-Snb-RGO-238-063-057e-217 strain, while the protein content in rice was USK-Snb-RGO-238-094-088j-140 and the best ash content was USK-Snb-RGO-238- 016- 057d-106. The Aceh local rice mutant M4 has a significant effect on inner color, outer color, texture and overall acceptance and has a significant effect on the shape of rice. The rice received by the panelists, namely rice USK-Snb-RGO-238-063-057e-217.

Cocoa development presently has been constrained by the lack of human resources in technology application and farming management. High competence in technical, managerial and social aspects are needed to achieve high farming performance showed by farming sustainability. This paper aims to analyse the factors influencing farmer competence in implementing good agricultural practices on cocoa production and cocoa farming sustainability. Research was conducted in Pidie Jaya and Southeast Aceh, Indonesia in June – October 2019. Data and information were gathered from 352 cocoa farmers by survey methods. The results showed that farmers have high competence but cocoa farming sustainability is low. Factors that significantly affected farmer competence were farmers' characteristics, the effectiveness of extension services and the level of farmers' internet literacy. The factors that had direct and significant effects on cocoa farming sustainability were farmer competencies, the level of farmer adaptation to environmental changes and institutional support. The strategy of developing farmers' competencies can be done through increasing the effectiveness of extension services and widening farmers' access to the internet and skill in utilizing the internet to develop knowledge and skills in the application of technology.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical contents and thermal stability of young (3 years old or less) and matured (more than 5 years old) Madu Bamboo (Gigantochloa albociliata). The comprehensive knowledge of these properties will help to promote the uses of this bamboo's fiber for natural-bonded composite products. The different age levels of bamboo can be an indicator in evaluating the significant difference of the chemical contents and thermal stability of bamboo. The chemical contents were determined in accordance to the standard outline in Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) test method, while thermal stability was conducted in accordance to Shimadzu TGA 50 analyzer. The culm exhibited different chemical contents between young and old age, in which, young bamboo showed higher hot water extractives and ash contents compared to mature bamboo. On the other hand, matured bamboo contained higher alcohol-toluene extractives, holocellulose, a-cellulose and lignin than young ones. Hence, more resin and possible wood gum in matured bamboo that is beneficially in natural bonded composite product. The thermal analysis of extracted bamboo fiber indicated the thermal degradation behavior of both young and matured bamboo with the same species. The maximum temperature degradation of both young and matured bamboos was 413°C and 404°C. Therefore, matured bamboo was degraded at lower temperature compared to young bamboo, which indicates lower thermal stabilities. The result of this study reported that young bamboo of G. albociliata species is acceptable to be harvested at young ages for reinforcement in natural bonded composite board, according to their thermal stabilities and chemical contents.

In Indonesia, there are various serious efforts have been conducted by the government to fight against the poverty until recently. One of the leading projects recommended by the Indonesian Agricultural Development Research Agency was the assisted KUB chicken farming packages that has been carried out through the 2018-2019 BEKERJA Program. The KUB chicken was recommended because it has various advantages such as being able to be harvested at the age of 70 days and high egg production (180 eggs/year). Meanwhile, to assess the effectiveness of the program, especially in behavior and perceptions of poor households (participant of the program) involved towards farming of KUB chicken, an in-depth study was conducted in two sub-districts in Central Lombok district. There are 200 respondents randomly selected from 20 villages. The required data was gathered with structured questionnaire. It uses 13 indicators of KUB chicken farming technology as an instrument. Furthermore, the data, then analyzed using of descriptive analysis, regression and t-test with SPSS software. The result shows that gender, age, education and experience of respondents did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on their perception about KUB chicken farming technology. In contrary, the knowledge that taught through technical assistance has significant impact (P<0.05) on it. Amongst 13 components of technology that has disseminated and known by respondents, 38% of it has been applied. Moreover, the total score of respondent's perception on farming of KUB chicken was 3.57. It means that the poor household involved in the program has accepted the technology for farming of KUB chicken that has been disseminated.

This study aimed to analyze the land suitability for arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee in scrubland in Aceh Besar Regency. This was implemented because the potential area of scrubs that were not utilized properly in Aceh Besar Regency reached 2,5330.6 ha. The data used in this study were secondary data and primary data, while data processing techniques were carried out by analyzing climate data, determining land map units, and taking soil samples in the field. Stages of combining several parameters were done by using Quantum GIS (QGIS) software using matching between land characteristics and land suitability class criteria. The results showed that the suitability of scrublands for coffee cultivation in the scrublands of Aceh Besar Regency was more suitable for robusta coffee cultivation, where after the improvement process was done, the potential land suitability to be moderately suitable (S2) with an area of 13,240.8 ha (52.3%), according to marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 11,982 ha (47.3%) and not suitable (N) only an area of 107.8 ha (0.4%). The unsuitability limiting factor (N) for robusta coffee cultivation was only found at SPL 2 with Slope Class inhibition> 40%. As for the suitability of scrubland for Arabica coffee cultivation in Aceh Besar Regency, it had a fairly severe limiting factor on all land map units (SPL), including parameters of average temperature and altitude with no suitable class category (N), so the improvement process could not be done.

In West-Sumatra, rice farming commonly uses five significant cultivars, namely Simauang; Randa Pulau; Bakwan; Junjuangan; and Mundam. They are superior in yields and adaptable to the local climate. In this study, the chemical properties of five cultivars were investigated to identify the composition of protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content. Furthermore, the effects of heat exposure to rices were observed as well, where products typically untreated when being stored. The research investigated how heat exposure may influence shelf life and rice quality. Results show that there are significant differences in chemical contents that occur due to differences in cultivars, storage treatment, and mechanical damage. The most chemical composition that changed when given treatment was Mundam and Simaung cultivars. The chemical composition that changed in Mundam cultivar is MC, Fat, and, Carbohydrate while in Simaung Fat, Ash, and Carbohydrate. Before giving heat treatment, Mundam rice contained the highest and lowest protein 9,617% and 79.37%. Simauang rice has low protein with a high carbohydrate of 6,343% and 81,472%. After giving heat treatment, the protein and carbohydrate of the Mundam changed to 10.207% and 78.666%. Simaung's protein did not change but protein, 6.284%, and 81.541% for carbohydrates. Carbohydrate has changed due to size and type of cultivar. The protein has changed due to cultivar influence, treatment, and size.

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of peda Tenggiri fish. Peda is a traditional processed fish product that is made by salting and then followed by fermentation. Types of fish commonly made peda include Tenggiri fish. The method used in this research was experimental and the parameters analyzed were air content, salt content, acid insoluble ash, and organoleptic. The results obtained from the initial water content of T enggiri fish reached 3 7%, it can be denied that the water content of dried peda fish in Lhokseudu village has reached SNI (8273: 20016). Based on research, the initial salt content in Tenggiri fish ranges from 3.02%, the proportion that meets the Standard National Indonesian (SNI) so that it is still safe to use. The acid-insoluble ash content of Tenggiri fish reached 5.26% during the 23-hour drying process, the acid insoluble ash content increased, therefore the acid insoluble ash content did not meet the SNI standard.

Buildings are categorised into various types such as residential, educational, assembly and etc. This paper is described one type of assembly building namely mosque and its elements. The mosque is comprising of several elements such as courtyard, prayer hall, arcades, minaret, dome, the ablution rooms and toilets. It should be designed to accommodate the worshipper to feel comfortable and humble in the presence of God while performing the 'solah'. In tropical region, especially in Malaysia; the existence of the courtyard in traditional mosques is still questionable whether it has fully considered the environmental benefits or it is simply a trend adopted from the Middle East. Previous studies have found that the purpose of having a courtyard inside a mosque is either for spatial reasons or it may be negligible. Hence, this study is conducted to understand the courtyard in a specificity of architectural style and the effects on spatial organization in traditional mosque design. The observation methods are used at the fieldwork in selected traditional mosques. From the observation two types of building indicator of space and form are identified for better understanding of courtyard characteristics of selected traditional mosques.

Energy consumptions are dominated by lighting and air conditioning. Automatic controlling is the solution as human awareness is unreliable. Lighting and air conditioning can be automatically controlled by employing light sensor as well as human existence sensor. Light bulb and street lighting have been widely equipped by light sensor such as the light dependence resistor (LDR). LDR sensor circuit can be made transformer less and transformer based. Transformer less LDR circuit can be integrated into light bulb while transformer based LDR circuit is designed as a standalone device. This paper examines power consumption, load current and circuit size of both LDR circuits. Experiments show that transformer less LDR circuit consumes higher power with limited load current. However, its size is smaller. On the other hand, transformer based LDR circuit consumes less power and provides larger load current. But the challenge is the transformer size to overpower the transformer less circuit.

In-Store Dryer (ISD) is a dryer with a convective system for grain that also serves as a storage. This research was conducted to study the effect of drying and storage—In-Store Dryer (ISD) on maize's physical and chemical properties. Carried out a 200 kg maize capacity test with 60 cm material stack thickness divided into three layers of piles with a thickness of each layer is 20 cm. Drying occurs at the average drying temperature of 38,6°C with an average RH environment of 76,8% and an average RH of dryer space of 52,2%. Drying for 32 hours using ISD can dry the maize with the pre-drying material's initial moisture content of 20.14% to 13.56%, the right water content for storage. The drying process can affect ash, fat, protein, and maize fiber's physical and chemical composition. The chemical composition on the pre-drying are: Ash content 0,72%, Fat content 5,62%, Protein 7,64% and Fiber 2,81%. The maize's chemical components undergo post-drying change to become: Ash content 0,8%, Fat content 5,11%, Protein 7,82%, and Fiber 2,52%. The changing of all components is affected by temperature during the drying process, causing a decrease in water content, affecting other chemical components. The analysis result of maize's nutritional components after drying and storage for 30 days using the In-Store Dryer can maintain maize quality. The analysis result of each component that is the Water Content 11.98%, Ash 1.13%, Fat 5.03%, Protein 8, 05%, and 1.8% fiber, and this is by the provisions of SNI 01-4483-1998 for animal feed.

LCA is a method used to quantificate impact especially environmental aspect from production of product. The environmental impact that can be calculated by LCA is very diverse, approximately 18 impacts, which called midpoint impact. The most commonly calculated impact is GWP, which is derived from GHG emissions. In Indonesia LCA began to develop and be used by govermnet or industry to calculate impact from their activities especially production of product. One of the industry that use LCA is palm oil industry. Indonesia palm oil is criticsm from both domestic and international level because of the environmental impact and unsustainable. However, production of biodiesel from CPO in Indonesia can reduced emission is 47 % if we compare to diesel fuel. Even though the source of the energy is considered as carbon neutral, the production path can emit various environmentally hazardous gasses. Scientific approach through Life Cycle Assessment can be used as a tool to assess this issue. Number of LCA study on Indonesian biodiesel production come up with different result. This difference could be due to data inconsistency and did not present the actual condition found in the field. According to those aforementioned situations, an effort to address this issue should be conducted by identifying and presenting actual condition of Indonesian palm oil estate. This study is aimed to analyze implementation of life cycle assessment for oil palm industry from oil palm cultivation to biodiesel combustion in vehicle (upstream to downstream) in Indonesia

This study aims to determine internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) in increasing the production of brown sugar from palm oil and to formulate alternative strategic priorities in increasing palm sugar production in the palm oil palm sugar home industry. The study was conducted in Gerenggam village, Kejuruan Muda District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, in May 2019. The analysis was carried out using IFE/EFE analysis, SWOT analysis, and QSPM analysis. The results of the study indicate that there are internal factors consisting of five strengths and five weaknesses, external factors consisting of five opportunities, and five threats that affect the increase in production in the palm sugar home industry. The strategy obtained to increase the palm sap production is an aggressive strategy (SO) that is using power to get the opportunities available, the results of the QSPM analysis are the priority strategies that must be implemented to establish and enhance cooperation with the government in the use of room processing machines for efficient use of labor with the highest total TAS of 6.160.

This study aimed to apply the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for a robust and fast detection method for fraudulence in patchouli oil plant. Pure patchouli oil sample and adulterated patchouli oil with ethanol were used as samples in this work. Spectral data in form of transmittance were acquired in wavenumbers range from 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹. A total of 60 patchouli oil were adulterated and mixed using six difference concentration of ethanol while 10 remaining patchouli oil samples were pure without mixed with other substances. Classification models of pure and adulterated patchouli oil samples were established using principal component analysis followed by cross validation approach. The results showed that the models can distinguish between pure and mixed patchouli oil with 100% accuracy with two principal components (PCs) of the PCA. Based on obtained results, it may conclude that NIRS approach can be used to determine and classify patchouli oil samples based on their purity and fraudulence with ethanol

A research has been conducted on the utilization of Lactobacillus plantarum and different heating temperatures on the quality of fermented goat milk The characteristic of milk which is easily damaged requires an effort of good management, one of them is through the technology of heating and fermentation. The research was done through completely randomized factorial design in which there were two treatment given, including a₁ = pasteurization (temperature of 72° C for 15 seconds), a₂ = sterilization (temperature of 121° C for 1 second), and level of Lactobacillus plantarum (factor B), b₁(L. plantarum 2.5%), b₂(L. plantarum 5%), and b3 (L. plantarum 7.5%). Parameters measured were the level of protein, pH value, and the total of lactic acid bacteria. Data obtained were then processed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there is significant difference, then it will be continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result showed that the heating temperature did not give any effect on the level of protein of the fermented milk with different levels of starter Lactobacillus plantarum. However, the protein level of milk pasteurized was higher than the protein level of milk sterilized. Furthermore, the treatment significantly affected (P<0.05) on pH value at the range of 4.017 – 4.197 and it obtained that there was interaction between the two treatment factors. The multiple result also showed that the heating temperature significantly affected (P<0.01) the total of lactic acid bacteria, while the level of Lacttobacillus plantarum significantly affected (P<.0.05) the total of lactic acid bacteria. It can be concluded that the temperature and level of L. plantarum affected the pH and total lactic acid bacteria of fermented goat milk

Beef is a meat products obtained from cows which is commonly used for food consumption. To determine the optimum freezing, we have to recognize the freezing rate and heat properties of the product during the freezing process. The aim of this study is to simulate the heat properties and determine optimum rate and time of beef freezing. In compiling simulation program, the programming algorithm is based on mathematical models used to control the surrounding environment for beef freezing purpose. The simulation results showed that during freezing, the temperature continues to decrease from the freezing point of water to the desired final freezing temperature. In this process, water undergoes a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase which is marked by the formation of ice crystals. It may conclude that the simulation algorithm can predict changes in the thermal properties of beef during freezing where based on changes in its characteristics the freezing of beef begins to change its thermal properties at the initial freezing temperature of -1.5°C.

Cellular networks are a way of long distance communication without the use of cables, this system is a modern style of communication that was previously communication using a landline-based telephone. Cell phones (cellphones) or cell phones (cellphones) are electronic-based telecommunications devices that have the exact same basis as telephone telecommunications devices using cables or wireless wireless. The use of cellular or wireless phones is very useful, but in certain conditions their use can be limited because it can interfere with people around him such as the implementation of worship, examinations, meetings and so forth. To answer complaints about how to reduce cell phone and wireless signals, a tool that is able to deactivate GSM and Wi-fi cell phone signals at certain radii will use a jammer, a device that works by emitting full noise signals at 900 MHz frequency banks, 1800 MHz and 2700 MHz, so that the communication device cannot be used until the time limit and the distance of the radius that reaches the communication device. The results of this study have been successfully carried out by deactivating cell phone and wireless signals at a maximum distance of 7 meters from the jammer.

This present study aimed to investigate the shallow borehole water blowout genesis based on geochemical properties from affected dug Well. A geochemical study was performed on dug well samples at the local community houses, namely SG-01, SG-02, SG-03, located around the blowout areas. The results showed that those three respective samples clustered onto two groups of water types, namely calcium bicarbonate in SG-01 and SG-02 and mixed types for SG-03, respectively. Moreover, the dissolved metal analysis did not show high concentration anomalies, whilst cation concentrations of the three samples are dominated by calcium, which is suspected from the rock dissolution process. The dominant anion is bicarbonate for SG-01 and SG-02, while the SG-03 sample is dominated by sulfate. The cross plot between the two isotope ratios with the global meteoric water line shows the isotope values of the SG-01 and SG-02 that are right on the global meteoric water line while SG-03 falls slightly above it.

Oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) is the main product of Indonesian agro-industry. It supports the country's economy. After harvest, the Fresh Fruits Bunch (FFB) should immediately be processed to extract the oil. Delayed will reduce the oil quality significantly. Nonetheless, due to poor road-conditions, the FFB often delivered to the palm mills beyond the acceptable time. To reduce the decrease of the fruit freshness, generally cold storage was applied. In this study, the FFB immediately freeze after harvest. Fruits stored at −20 °C, upon delivered to the mills. On arrival, acclimatization process was perform to restore fruit temperature before processing. A pseudo-color thermal vision used to monitor the fruits surface temperature continuously. Various fruits maturities observed in this study were: 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 days after antheses (DAA). Temperature calibration was done by manually measured the fruit's surface using a thermometer. Models developed to correlate the actual surface temperature of fruits with pseudo-color displayed by the thermal-vision. Results showed the model of thermal vision correctly measured fruits temperature with R² of 0.979, 0.973, 0.976, 0.976, and, 0.973 for stored fruits harvested at 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 DAA respectively. The color of images on the camera can be used to observe the temperature of the fruits. The highest correlation obtained with redness index (R² of 0.7677-0.8037), and the lowest is bluish index (R2 of 0.1101-0.561). FFB harvested at 180 DAA has the strongest correlation (R²) of temperature when observed by thermal-vision.

The tanneries release a substantial amount of trivalent chromium with wastewater that bring about serious environmental pollution problem and health hazards without proper treatment. Therefore, the chromium concentration should be kept permissible in tannery effluent. In this study, the dried Moringa stenopetela seed was used as bio-adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III) from tannery effluent. Different adsorption parameters viz. pH, adsorbent dosage, initial chrome concentration, etc. were studied for optimizing the adsorption process. The sorption mechanism was described by various isotherm models and physicochemical parameters like turbidity, conductivity and TDS were also tested after treatment. The analyses showed that the percentage of Cr(III) removal (82.93%) was obtained at pH 3, adsorbent dosage 20g(mg/l), initial concentration 1123.3mg/l, for contact time 12hours at ambient temperature. The adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the reduction in physicochemical parameters e.g. turbidity (67.68%-72.70%), conductivity (72.88%-80.99%) and TDS (71.96%-83.33%) was found satisfactory and the values were closed to the permissible limit set by DoE. Therefore, dry Moringa stenopetela seeds can be successfully used as a low-cost tannery effluent treatment agent to reduce the environmental threats caused by harmful tannery effluents.

Every human being is created with a certain gender, female or male. Gender differences provide opportunities for mating and producing offspring for regeneration. With the development of the world of information technology, the recognition of gender based on digital photos can be done for the needs of biodata, permission to access public toilets and others. The process of sex classification based on photographs with the use of residual neural networks has been carried out in this study. The process consists of several stages, namely the learning process of the features of each image that has been classified in a male or female class. The next process was carried out by resnet classification of 3,354 pictures (jpg) of men (1414 files) and women (1940 files). The data divided into 2 parts, 80% for training, 20% for testing data. The results of total images of 588 from total available data obtained an accuracy rate of 89.49%.

This paper aims to analysis unsaturated hydraulic conductivity parameter using the Champbell and Gradner method which has been featured by eleven ring samples collected from Central Aceh. In this research, Champbell and Gradner model was used to predict unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, but the results revealed to be unsatisfactory especially in porosity and degree saturation parameter. The best correlation between soil physic with conductivity hydraulic for Gradner method and Champbell method were water content (Gradner Method) and bulk density (Champbell Method). The water content showed statistical value 0.99, it mean the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and water content parameter represent in proportionality between moisture content and flow rate in unsaturated zone. Other side, the best correlation for Champbell method showed for bulk density parameter with statistical value 0.65. It represented good relationship between bulk density and hydraulic conductivity in this research.

In recent decades, the development of fast, non-destructive and robust methods to determine agricultural products quality parameters become interesting and gaining more attentions in term of their potential applications in many field. One of those methods is near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is works based on the interaction of biological matter with light radiation. The main purpose of this present study is to employ the NIRS method in assessing mango fruit quality parameters in form of soluble solids content (SSC) and vitamin C. Spectra data of absorbance NIR were acquired in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm with optical gain 4x and resolution windows 0.02 nm. Prediction models were developed using partial least square regression (PLSR) followed by 10-fold cross validation. The results showed that both SSC and vitamin C of mango fruit can be determined simultaneously with maximum correlation coefficient are 0.88 and 0.87 for SSC and vitamin C respectively. Judging from its predictive abilities, it may conclude that NIRS can be used as fast and contactless method in assessing mango fruit quality parameters like SSC and vitamin C.

The operation of a conventional trailer on a two-wheeled tractor shows that it is ergonomically risky, especially during turns, where the Rapid Upper Limbs Assessment (RULA) analysis shows a very high level of risk, namely the level of action 4, which requires immediate investigation and repair because it can cause injury to the operator. Modifications that have been made are the design of the pivot-type trailer towing system on two wheels that can improve operator comfort. This study aims to analyse the motion and posture of the operator in the operation of a pivot-type trailer on a two-wheeled tractor using the RULA method. The sample consisted of 4 operators representing the 5^th, 50^th and 95^th percentiles of Indonesians, the operator video recording data when operating the tractor and trailer with various track conditions, loads, speed, straight motion or turns were collected. Analysis of the operators was carried out quantitatively, namely the RULA method. The results of the RULA analysis show that in the operation of the pivot-type trailer hitching system, it has a score of 3 for straight motion and a score of 4 for turning movements, so the level of action required is 2 which means further investigation is needed. The RULA analysis shows that the pivot-type trailer hitching system has succeeded in improving the RULA score compared to conventional trailers so as to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) to the operator.

Water stress is a major factor affecting rice production. Water stress causes changes in physiology and morphology for plant tolerance to water stress. In this study, six varieties were examined for their tolerance to water stress. The check varieties for comparisons of tolerant, moderate tolerant and sensitivity to water stress, namely Situ Patenggang, Towuti and IR 64; while the test varieties in this study are three Aceh rice traditional varieties. Water stress significantly influences the number of tillers, length of internode, proline, chlorophyll a, b and the total content, leaf rolling, drying score and leaf recovery, in which the changes occur varies among varieties, in vegetative stages. Chlorophyll is the main indicator of rice tolerance to drought in the early season of the rice growing season. Varieties that have good adaptation to water stress are able to maintain their chlorophyll content. Leaf rolling, drying score and recovering from water stress show a small difference between three comparative varieties and three rice traditional varieties of Aceh in vegetative stage. To overcome water stress, it is necessary to change rice cultivation by adjusting planting time, planting season, using water stress tolerant varieties, traditional varieties and national superior varieties; changes in irrigation and fertilization management.

The attack of brute force is still one of the popular attacks used to hack into your account unauthorized by a computer system. Brute force is also the most crucial attack and has a high risk of the system being taken over. Investigating brute force attacks is useful for building strong computer network defense systems. In this study, Snort acts as an intrusion prevention system and Cowrie Honeypot as a tool to investigate anomalous behavior that occurs when a brute force attack happened. The aim of this research is to improve Snort's rule signature performance from brute force attacks by relying on the results of the Cowrie Honeypot log investigation. The results obtained, namely Snort rule signature successfully improved detection capabilities with performance in matching the same packet only requires a short processing time, respectively: 3.5 microsecs in Hydra attacks, 3.8 microsecs in Medusa attacks and 2.3 microsecs in Ncrack attacks.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is one of the oil-producing plants with high productivity. The quality of palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) is affected by harvesting activities. Generally, the method of harvesting oil palm by visual observation (maturity fraction) and harvest rotation systems. This study evaluated the quality of oil palm FFB non-destructively based on optical properties. Oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunches harvested in 5 ripeness ranges (110-130 DAA, 131-150 DAA, 151-170 DAA, 171-190 DAA, and 191-200 DAA). The oil palm FFB image recorded using a mobile camera with a minimum resolution of 25 megapixels, and then the image was processed using a digital image processing program. Furthermore, the quality parameters of oil palm FFB tested, and data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20.0 with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The model's R² upon calibration was 0.6934. While upon validation R² value was 0.7211. The model was considered appropriate since R² value both in calibration and validation were high.

Bedadung watershed is one of the largest watersheds in Jember Regency. The Bedadung watershed in upstream area is generally hilly with steep slopes, so it is prone to landslides and potential to erosion. The upstream area is a protected forest that functions as a water catchment area, turning into plantation and production forest to become the target of logging and deforestation. Conservation activities in the upstream watershed area is essential in the management of water resources. Natural resource management activities in the upstream area significantly affect the success of efforts to provide water and control water resources downstream damage. This study aimed to identify conservation activities in the upstream Bedadung watershed and the impact of changes in upstream land use on environmental damage. The conservation activities in the Jompo, Antrokan, Rempangan, and Rembangan Sub-watersheds is coffe plantation, cover crop, forestry, terrace, restoration, bush, grassland. The highest increase in land change in the four sub-watersged was irrigated land / field, while the decrease was non-irrigated land. The results of comparisons between the 2001 RBI map with the 2015 Landsat Image show an 8% forest loss and 7% increase in irrigated fields.

This paper presents the verification of experimental to modelled hysteresis loops for exterior beam-column joint tested under lateral cyclic loading. The reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joint was designed using Eurocode 8 and equipped with fuse bars as energy dissipators. The specimen was tested under lateral cyclic loading under controlled displacement (drift). The purpose of this study is to ensure a good agreement from both works is achieved. The exterior beam-column joint modelled hysteresis loops were carried out using HYSTERES Program which is one of the modelling programs under the Ruamoko 2D program. The verification was done by comparing the parameters of experimental hysteresis loops to modelled hysteresis loops. The response of the specimen was compared in terms of equivalent viscous damping, stiffness and ductility. Low percentage differences indicate good agreement between the two hysteresis loops.

Drying is the stage of processing tuna to extend the fish's shelf life until it is consumed. In general, fishers are drying the processed salted fish under direct sunlight. During the rainy season, conventional drying under the sun is impossible to inhibit the drying process; therefore, a mechanical dryer is needed. A greenhouse dehydrator (GHE) using a combination of solar and biomass energy is the right choice. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of the Vertical Dryer Hybrid to dry tuna. Drying is done by placing the tuna sample on four drying racks, then observing the moisture content, air humidity, solar irradiation, and the use of biomass energy. During 35 hours of observation, the GHE Vertical Dryer reduced the water content of tuna from 70.8% to 13.3% initial water content with average solar irradiation of 280.2 W / m². The dryer's highest temperature during the drying process is 67°C, with an average of 46.7°C. The highest temperature in the environment is 37°C, with an average of 33.3°C. The highest RH in the dryer during the drying process is a 75% average of 43.8%, the highest RH in the environment is 79%, with 61.2%. The full use of bio-charcoal during drying is 5.5 kg, with the amount of energy obtained is 155.87 MJ, and the total solar energy obtained is 88.613 MJ with a total energy total of 244.49 MJ.

In agricultural practices, the development of environmental controlling programs is essential in maintaining soil fertility. It should be monitored constantly in real time situation by predicting soil properties such as nutrients and mineral contents. The main purpose of this presented paper is employ the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique in determining nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) content of agricultural soil rapidly and simultaneously. Near infrared spectra data of soil samples were obtained by acquiring absorbance data in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm using a portable sensing device NIR with a photodiode array detector. Spectra data were enhanced using mean normalization approach to improve prediction accuracy. Further, prediction models were developed by means of partial least square regression (PLSR) followed by cross validation. The results showed that both soil fertility properties (N and Mg) can be predicted by NIRS with maximum correlation coefficient (r) were 0.93 and 0.91 for N and Mg respectively. It may conclude that NIRS technique was able to be used in agriculture environment monitoring especialy to predict soil fertility properties.

The Paddy Farmers Business Insurance or Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) is one of the insurance programs organized by the Indonesian government to improve the welfare of rice farmers in Indonesia. In this study, we formulated a premium estimation model of risk-based AUTP insurance. The method used was the Bayes method with a nonparametric approach. The data used was the AUTP claim data in Aceh province. The determination of the premium has been done by providing a settlement algorithm based on past data for two periods. From the analysis conducted, it was found that the Bayesian premium obtained is still not in accordance with what is currently applied by the government, especially in the area of study.

Catchment area is very important known for the protection of water resources as a provider of environmental services. Increasing population will increase water demand and the extent of land utilization. The purpose of this research is to determine the areas of high conservation value in the control of water catchment area at Peusangan Watershed as a provider of environmental services. One of the High Conservation Value (HCV) approaches is focused on water providers and flood control for downstream communities; and control of erosion and sedimentation. HCV is a spatial analysis, hence the use of multi-temporal satellite imagery and data processing using GIS plays an important role in the HCV assessment process. The results obtained, water catchment area in both natural and normal conditions 57.92%, getting critical 25.08% and rather critical, critical and very critical categories 17.0%. Sub-watershed in Peusangan Watershed area which has the largest critical area is Krueng Ceilala Sub-watershed (75, 56%) and Lut Tawar Sub-watershed (77.35%). Moderate Krueng Simpo Sub-watershed (35.44%) and Krueng Mane Sub-watershed (42, 17%). Krueng Ceulala Sub-watershed and Lut Tawar Sub-watershed is the upstream area of Peusangan Watershed which serves as a conservation area that needs to be kept in order to provide water availability in the transition and downstream Krueng Peusangan areas are to be maintained, as well as providing an impact in providing natural environment services and area that serves as water provider and flood controllers for downstream communities. The existence of water springs and rivers whose water has been utilized by the community is evidence that the area of watershed is high conservation value, due to the conversion of the land function that removes vegetation cover on the upstream causing functionality of the catchment area decreases.

Jernang is a non-timber forest product (NTFP) which has started to be traded and become a high-value commodity. Jernang is a type of rattan that produces a resin known as "dragon's blood" which has many benefits such as dye raw materials in the ceramics, marble, wood, paper and pharmaceutical industries. Aceh province is one potential area for Jernang development. Supply chain is a complex system that has elements that are orderly, interrelated, dynamic, have specific goals and are probabilistic. In the Jernang supply chain there are risks that can cause losses and failures in production. Failure in production does not only occur at the end process but can also occur at the beginning or when the production process is being carried out. Through the Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, it is expected that each form of failure can be identified in the production process. The results identified indicate that nineteen risk factors at the producer level. Based on the calculation of Risk Priority Number (RPN), the risk of decreasing production results is the most important risk. As such, this risk is the first priority that must be addressed.

Abstracs. The germination phase is a very critical time for corn plants against water stress. Corn resistance to water stress in this phase is very different between cultivars. This initial test has been carried out in the Laboratory to determine the resistance level of some varieties of corn to water stress during the germination phase by using Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000. There are nine corn varieties tested at three levels of PEG 6000 concentration of 0 % (0.00 MPa), 10 % (-0.19 MPa), and 20 % (-0.67 MPa). The experiment used a completely randomized 9 × 3 factorial design with 2 replications. The nine varieties tested were: Anoman 1 (V₁), Lamuru (V₂), Gumarang (V₃), Srikandi Kuning (V₄), Sukmaraga (V₅), Bisma (V₆), Arjuna (V₇)), Lagaligo varieties (V₈), and NK-Jumbo varieties (V₉). Selection of maize varieties on water stress during the germination phase of 9 selected varieties into 3 varieties consisting of one tolerant variety, one moderately tolerant variety and one sensitive variety through prediction of a PEG 6000 osmoticum solution in the germination phase. The experimental results showed that the concentration of PEG 6000 affected the response of nine corn varieties to germination and seed vigor. The most tolerant (resistant) corn varieties are NK-Jumbo (V₉) and the moderately resistant varieties (medium) are Srikandi Kuning (V₄) while the intolerant (sensitive) varieties are Lamuru (V₂).

Coffee has become a distinctive feature of the Province of Aceh, so many shops have made coffee a commodity that is traded, packaging is one of the things that are attractive to consumers to buy coffee that is available. The packaging has several parameters that are considered, including writing design, packaging form, trademark, packaging color, packaging material and other parameters. The purpose of this study is to obtain a sequence of packaging parameters that are important to consider when making coffee packaging so that it attracts consumers. The research was conducted by direct interview with the owner and shopkeeper and questionnaires. The results showed that the trademark is the coffee consumer's first consideration in choosing packaged coffee, further researched, the trademark which included the name of a place famous for coffee became the first consideration.

Indonesia is one of the major clove producing country in the world. The broad trends Indonesian clove production and the production tends to increase every year. Indonesian clove export competitiveness in the international market is included in the very strong category because it has an RCA value above the world average, but Indonesian clove export competitiveness is still below the five competing countries. The purpose of this study was to formulate a strategy to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian clove exports. Based on SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) strategies that can be formulated to increase the competitiveness of Indonesian clove exports, namely: optimizing clove land, improving the quality of processed cloves, expanding markets, developing existing farmer institutions, collaborating with clove processing companies in major consumer countries, promoting organic farming systems in clove plantations, improving national economic conditions that support clove commodities.

A chopper machine has been developed to chop oil palm frond (OPF) for cattle feed in Aceh province. This paper reports the results of the modification of the third generation chopper machine named AE03-type. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of the chopper machine for OPF through the process of modifying the chopper blade. Modifications made are designing a chopper blade with a plate thickness of 6 mm, a length of 15.5 cm and a width of 4 cm arranged in a spiral around a solid shaft with a diameter of 1 inch with a length of 100 cm, as many as 36 pieces. The parameters measured to show the performance of the chopper machine are dimension average of chopped, the percentage of chopped OPF, chopping efficiency, and capacity of the machine. Three variations of rotation speed are tested on the engine, which is 800 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1600 rpm, respectively. The results show that modifying the chopper knife can improve the performance of the chopper machine. The best rotation speed for this chopper machine is 1200 rpm with length and width of chopped, OPF percentage of chopped, chopping efficiency, and capacity of the machines are 27.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 86.45%, 98.37%, and 147.85 kg/h, respectively. The size of the chopped is following the dimensions of feed for cattle feed needs, especially those in Aceh Province.

Indonesia is the primary producer of palm oil. The edible oil in the palm fruits mesocarp obtained through mechanical extraction, where the quantity and quality of oil regulated by the fruit ripeness upon harvest. When oil forms and accumulate in the mesocarp, it replaces the moisture until the optimum ripeness reached before oil started to deteriorate. However, due to its nature, harvesting the fruits at optimum ripeness is challenging. Since water and oil have different thermal properties, in this study, we developed a Thermal-Vision system to observe the thermal properties of the fruits before harvest. Five harvest windows selected, namely 110-130, 131-150, 151-170, 171-190, and 191-200 days after anthesis (DAA). The recorded images then processed to determine the surface temperature of each fruit. The oil obtained from fruits as quality parameter evaluated. Additionally, Moisture Content (MC) of fruits mesocarp measured. Models were developed using the Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network algorithm to correlate fruits' thermal properties with measured parameters (Oil Content). The coefficient determination (R2) of FFB ripeness with the OC of 0.9058 and OC with temperature of 0.8039.The models successfully predict with R2 upon calibration was 0.7818 with SEC of 0.0831. While upon validation R2 value was 0.9535 and SEP of 0.0003.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) or KLHS is becoming increasingly popular in Indonesia following the promulgation of government regulation No. 46 of 2016, concerning the procedures of its organization. The SEA, which was at first voluntary, is now mandatory before the integration into a regional spatial and a medium-term development plan. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the extent to which climate change issues are addressed in the Strategic Environmental Assessment. Furthermore, several SEA documents that are very limited in Indonesia and only obtain on the internet were evaluated. The document consists of the Medium-Term Development Plan, Spatial Planning, and SEA in the mineral and energy sector. In addition, the study adopted a set of evaluation criteria used by Nadruz and Gallardo (2015) [1], which is a modification of the framework developed by Wende et al. (2012) [2]. The results showed that climate change issues in the SEA are still very diverse and not evenly distributed from various existing documents. Some SEA of the province medium-term development plan makes the issue very important while other documents do not. The SEA document of the mining sector contains 18 climate change criteria. Conversely, the spatial planning document contains 12-22 criteria, and the SEA for medium-term development plan contains 12-22 as well. From this study, it can be concluded that the issue of climate change still varies greatly in Indonesian SEA, and it is therefore not significant.

The study aimed to evaluate the quality of fermented virgin coconut oil (FVCO) treated under microwave heating. The FVCO was produced by local farmer from Aceh Besar District, the province of Aceh, Indonesia. A home microwave oven Samsung ME731K at frequency of 2,450MHz was used to heat 100ml of FVCO for 10 minutes. The experimental was designed by the variation of microwave power at 4 levels i.e. 0, 300, 450, and 600W. The parameters assessed were temperature, moisture, free fatty acid (FFA), and peroxide value (PV). The data was analysed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the quality of FVCO still could not be improved yet where most of parameters observed did not meet the quality standard of VCO. However, the challenge of using microwave heating to improve the FVCO quality is quite big since the treatment had significantly influenced the FVCO temperature. Further study is highly recommended to treat the FVCO under microwave heating with the improvement in the procedure of observation.

Soluble solids content (SSC) is one of the most important parameters of banana associated with taste and consumer acceptance. NIR spectroscopy has been applied for nondestructive determination of SSC, but limited studies were conducted for a low-cost and modular VIS/NIR spectroscopy. This study was conducted to develop a calibration model to predict SSC in bananas using a modular type of VIS/NIR spectroscopy in the range of 350-1000 nm by varying distances of fiber optic probe to samples. Two varieties of bananas, namely Musa acuminata × balbisiana and Musa acuminata 'Lady Finger' were used. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to build a calibration model and to predict SSC of bananas. Normalization, baseline correction, standard normal variate (SNV), and multiple scattered (MSC) correlation were used for spectra preprocessing. The research showed that using 2 cm probe-sample distance and SNV method resulted in the best model with the coefficient correlation of calibration $({R}_{G}^{2})$ and prediction $({R}_{P}^{2})$ of 0.95 and 0.87, respectively. This study proved that probe-sample distances affected the efficiency of the model for VIS/NIR spectroscopy. This work concluded that the low-cost modular VIS/NIR spectroscopy is a promising tool for SSC measurement.

One of the current significant environmental challenges that have to be dealt with the majority of farmer in Indonesia, especially those on Gayo highlands - is the absence of an optimal utilization of coffee by-products or waste, which is deliberately produced in a great amount during the coffee processing. The Gayo highlands are located in the middle regions of Aceh province and widely known as the most extensive arabica coffee plantation all over Indonesia, with a total area 101,473 hectares. The aim of this research was to optimally utilize the by-products or the exfoliated cherry-pulp into the so called kombucha cascara bearing great economical potential. However, further information in terms of its optimum processing condition (the length of fermentation duration, concentration of kombucha starter) from the cherry pulp into kombucha cascara has been much unexplored. In order to reveal that, we were trying to apply the effects of wo determinants, namely: i) fermentation duration (8,12 days); ii) starter concentration applied (3%, 5%, and 7%) on kombucha cascara's chemical parameters [pH, total phenolic amount, antioxidant activity] and sensory in the form of hedonic test. Such test enabled us in describing consumers' preference based on its 'pronounced' the taste. Results showed that pH was ranged from 2.63 until 3.10, meanwhile, a relatively high antioxidant activity ranging from 25.78 and 51.69% noted with a total phenolic compound between 64.00 - 105.20 mg GAE (Galic Acid Equivalent)/ml were measured. This can be inferred that quality was shown to be deliberately affected both by the length of fermentation and starter's concentration, albeit the first one was to be more affecting. The longer the fermentation period, the lower the acidity value, and interestingly, significant decreases by total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity were also measured. It is also concluded that 12-days fermentation process added with 5% started received the highest score for sensory test.

Depik fish (Rasbora tawarensis) is a tpical endemic freshwater fish of Laut Tawar Lake in Central Aceh, Aceh Province. This lake has become the pride of the Gayo community as a source of clean water for various needs, a source of livelihood for residents and a tourist destination. Laut Tawar Lake and depik fish have become the trademark of the city of Takengon, Central Aceh. However, it is unfortunate that due to several reasons such as environmental degradation, introduction of foreign fish, destructive fishing techniques, pollution and climate change globally, depik fish population is currently decreasing drastically. Even depik fish has been appointed as a fish with a threatened status. Studies on the existence of depik fish as local food, form of presentation and nutrition are still rarely carried out. This article tries to review the existence of depik fish and its processed products through several existing studies including classification, distribution, morphological and genetic characteristics of depik fish as well as processing and characteristics of processed products.

This study aims to understand and model the partnership system in the red chili supply chain in Bener Meriah Regency. This study uses a system dynamics method to build a partnership model in a dynamic and complex red chili supply chain. The subject of this research is a partnership system in the red chili supply chain in Bener Meriah Regency to improve the bargaining position of farmers. The results show that in an equal partnership policy scenario, in the formal partnership model a loan structure for farmers from partners is added and the debt structure is eliminated. Based on the simulation results after the application of an equal partnership policy between farmers and partners, cash, profits and efficiency levels of chili farming increased from before. Through the equal partnership, it is hoped that the standard of living of chili farmers can improve in the future. For equality between chili growers and partners, there needs to be interference and the government's willingness to issue partnership rules with small farmers. Without government intervention, equality between smallholders and partners will be difficult to realize.

Indonesian agriculture development requires the effort to accelerate adoption of innovation and increase farm productivity. One approach through farmers corporation's development had been carried out by the Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIATs). This study aimed to identify the performance of advisory innovation and to formulate alternative models for accelerating the adoption process. The research was conducted from June to December 2019 through e-survey addressed to the implementing team in 33 provinces (64 respondents), and qualitative data collections in four provinces. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square. The results showed that advisory activities have referred to government regulations by prioritizing locations and commodities. Implementation of advisory activities were still focused on improving cultivation and post-harvest technology, and did not address specifically on institutional innovation to build farmers corporations. Characteristics of advisory activities varied among locations, relating to the budget allocation. There was an increase in adoption and diffusion innovations, and farm productivity. The role of AIATs has not been seen in the development of a broader scale. Fit model (AVE > 0.5 and CR > 0.7) in advisory showed the importance of improved internal management at AIATs, the need for synchronizing programs, and the policy support.

The growth of coffee shops in Jatinangor continues to increase along with the higher public interest to consume coffee. The competition between coffee shops has become tighter. The coffee shops use various marketing mix strategies to increase customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyzing and comparing the consumers behavior and the level of consumer satisfaction to the marketing mix strategy of two coffee shop. The study is designed quantitatively by comparing two coffee shops i.e. long-running and newer coffee shops. The location of the study is determined purposively, namely Belike Coffee and Balad Coffee Works with samples size of 50 people at Belike Coffee and 60 people at Balad Coffee Works. Data were analyzed using crosstabulation analysis and scoring techniques. The results showed that the segmentation of Belike Coffee consumer is mostly college students who visited to enjoy the delicious taste of coffee while watching live shows together, meeting or doing assignments. While the consumers behavior of Balad Coffee Works is mostly college students who want to enjoy the delicious taste of coffee and a comfortable coffee drinking atmosphere. The level of customer satisfaction of Belike Coffee is better than Balad Coffee Works in aspect of affordability of prices, while Balad Coffee Works is better at Belike Coffee in the aspect of products and services. Meanwhile, from the aspects of location strategic, promotion, process, and physical evidence, both have the same level of customer satisfaction in the range of good to very good.

Customers are a very important part of the sustainability of a company. The PT. PLN (Persero) is a state electricity company in Indonesia. It has many customers in the Subulussalam district. This study aims to design a customer data management system for PT. PLN (Persero) using the QR code scanner. The method used in this system uses a use case diagram and waterfall model. The database design uses the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) model. The system implementation uses PHP as the system interface and MySQL as its database. By scanning the QR code on the customer's meter so the officer can find out the customer's identity number and data. The system test results show that field officers can access customer data in realtime so that the information obtained becomes faster and more accurate.

Rice liquid is the water obtained from the process of washing rice. This waste is easy to get because Indonesian people tend to eat rice as their main staple food which results in a lot of rice liquid. The rice liquid waste can be used as the main ingredient of an edible film. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of sorbitol concentration on the characteristics of the edible film from rice liquid waste which includes thickness, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor transmission rate. The method used in this study is one-way ANOVA completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 variations of sorbitol concentrations, they are: 2%, 4%, and 6% and was carried out three times. The data obtained from the research were then analyzed at a significant level of P<0.05. The parameters tested include thickness, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor transmission rate. The research data shows that the thickness values obtained are between 0.01367 mm - 0.2453 mm, tensile strength values range from 180.61 kgf.cm⁻² -159.28 kgf.cm⁻², elongation between 190.613% - 186.920%, and water vapor transmission rates between 1.3004 g.m⁻².h⁻¹- 4.6444 g.m⁻².h⁻¹. The addition of sorbitol variation does not have significant effect (P>0.05) on the tensile strength, elongation and water vapor transmission rate, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the thickness of the edible film. A good variation of sorbitol by producing a good edible film made from rice liquid waste is a variation of sorbitol with a sorbitol concentration of 2%.

Cocoa plantations at Aceh Timur regency face many problems in its management. Currently, there is not yet existing condition data of cocoa plantations so that it becomes obstacles in management to achieve cocoa plantations sustainibilility. This research is aim to identify key factors of ecology aspect impact towards plantations management sustainability of people's cocoa at Aceh Timur Regency. The method used in this study is to intergrate descriptive qualitative approach, quantitatif and analysis system Rap-kakaoatim approach constitutes modification of Multidimensional Scalling (MDS). MDS utilized to assess sustainability status indexs and key factors that give lack influence of sustainability in people's cocoa plantations management. The analysis result shows that status people's cocoa plantations management is lack of sustainability by ecology dimension and institutional, from the side of economy is adequate sustainability, and with socio cultural dimension is extremely sustainable. From ecology dimension, key factor that influence people's cocoa plantations sustainability are cocoa plantations rejuvenation, shade plantations and HPT attack. Those three factors are able to give positive effect towards cocoa plantations production if its condition inclines however on the contrary it can decline cocoa plantation production if its existence decreases. To intensify sustainability indexs of ecology aspect can be carried out by insentive distribution to the farmers of cocoa and Field School Program PHT (SLPHT) for controlling HPT.

Student publication organizing application is an application used to assist officers in the process of managing web-based student publication journals. The mechanism of this research was made iteratively from the process of making software requirements specifications, analyzing system requirements, then proceed to the system design stage, use case and flowchart design, database design, and interface design, then followed by developing applications and closed with testing. The programming languages used are PHP, HTML, and MySQL databases. The results of this study are the document design and application organizing of student publications. The application of this student publication organizing application can improve the quality of the scientific journal organizing process at the South Aceh Polytechnic more systematic and organized to achieve efficiency and improve publication to be global.

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, the internet has become an essential medium for obtaining or exchanging information without the obstruction of distance, time, and place. The purpose of developing this application is to design the nearest Tourism Location Search Application in South Aceh district based on Android. This application was created using Android Studio. This application provides information about existing tourist objects from location information, facilities, and guidance to reach the location using the Maps method. Users of the application can choose attractions based on categories and the system will provide a guide to the tourist sites that can be visited.

Clove plucking techniques can be done by climbing stairs and trees. Harvesting by climbing trees should not be done, Can be used ladder or pole made of bamboo while paying attention to the position of the ladder on the clove tree to avoid breaking the branching clove and not damage the surrounding leaves at the time of picking, researchers also saw cloves when they were out of reach of the hands then the clove farmers just throw it away clove should be able to be useful and increase income. Researchers tried to make a simple clove harvester design tool with the aim to facilitate the clove picking process. The results of this tool can be used on a tree height of 4 meters that can be used directly without using a ladder and can be used as a clove picker that is not reached by the hands of farmers so it is not wasted..

This study aims to determine the diversity of qualitative and quantitative characters of hybridized chili plants The research was carried out at the Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh from April to December 2019. The genotypes used in this research were hybridized chili (IPB C₂, IPB C₁₀, F1 C₁₀×C₂, BC_P1 (C₁₀×C₂)×C₁₀, BC_P2 (C₁₀×C₂)×C₂, F₂(C₁₀×C₂). The Completely Randomized Non Factorial Design was used only for the placement of plant in the field. Data analysis was performed by calculating the average value, variance, and standard deviation. The results showed that the quantitative characters that could be made as selection characters were plant height, and number of fruit per plant. There is diversity in the qualitative character, the shape of lancet leaves are dominant to the shape of oval leaves. This can be seen in IPB C₂, F₁ (C₁₀ × C₂), BC_P1 (C₁₀ × C₂) × C₁₀ has the shape of a lancet leaf. On IPB C₁₀ has an oval leaf shape then for BC_P2 (C₁₀ × C₂) × C₂ dan F₂ (C₁₀ × C₂) have the same shape as oval and lancet leaves. Diversity is also seen in the position of flowers there are three types, namely upright, semi-erect and dangling, but all genotypes have the shape of elongate fruit. The result of this research showed the quantitative characters that can be used as selection characters were plant height and fruit number per plant.

Because of its geographical location, South Aceh Regency has many natural resources, one of which is fragrant lemongrass. As it is known, citronella is processed and produced into essential oils. In the production process, waste is produced in the form of solid waste and liquid waste. Usually, the waste is left and becomes a problem for the environment around the distillery. The purpose of this study was to make a mosquito repellent by utilizing citronella processing waste. This research is using the experimental method. This experimental method examines the effect of certain treatments on others under certain conditions. Three samples will be tested for combustion. The results of this study from each sample with a variable initial burning time. The first test kills mosquitoes. The durability of mosquito repellent is sample 3 is the best sample for making mosquito repellent from the use of citronella distillation waste seen from the burn test. The conclusion from this study, the waste produced by citronella distillation can be used as a basic ingredient in making mosquito repellent because there are active compounds contained in citronella waste capable of killing mosquitoes.

Indonesian patchouli agroindustry involving many actors is one of the sectors that should be developed because it supplies most of the global patchouli oil. One thing that should be considered in the agroindustry development is the inequity of benefits among actors involved. The inequity is assumed to have made producers (farmers/distillers), as very decisive parties in the fulfillment of global market demands, i.e. the stability of supply and quality assurance of oil, unable to fulfill it. The main objective of this research is to develop a non-linear equity model to measure patchouli oil sales price at various transaction levels in order to ensure that all local value chain actors, especially farmers, distillers, and middlemen, get an equivalent ratio of benefits over their expenses. The return on investment (ROI) was chosen as an indicator because with the same ROI it can explain that each type of business in the patchouli value chain has the same attractiveness for investment, and all actors will get an equal ratio benefit (net profit) over their expenses (costs). The research was done in Gayo Lues District, Indonesia. Research findings recommend that to produce equal benefit among the actors, sales price per kg oil must be about IDR 536,718.55 for farmers; IDR 565,360.71for distillers and medium middlemen and IDR 595,565.95 for middlemen.

The process of salted fish which tends to neglect the elements of sanitation and hygiene and the use of formaldehyde provides a potential hazard if consumed by the community. This study aims to determine the chemical quality parameters of catfish and anchovy salted fish products circulating in Banda Aceh District Market. The analysis carried out are the analysis of moisture content, salt content, acid insoluble ash content, total plate count and formalin qualitative test. The results showed that 3 out of 5 local markets meet the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) requirements (8273: 2016) for moisture content. Salt content for both of salted fish in 5 local market meet the SNI. On the other hand, acid insoluble ash content and total plate count find higher than SNI requirement. The test results showed that catfish and anchovies in all the selected market are positive containing formaldehyde.

Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely used for collecting data wirelessly for many applications. Data is collected periodically through TCP/IP network to a collecting server for further usage. Data clean-up and validation are mainly performed in server to ensure valid data for processing. Since validation is performed in server, data sent by IoT node may contain error and invalid data. Since power availability in sensor is an issue, error data transmission has some disadvantages; power lost in data collection and data transmission. This paper experimentally applied a simple maximum minimum amplitude data validation to omit invalid data in sensor. The method requires small processing power and is proven to conserve 23.54% of total power.

This paper examines filter component impact on inverter output. The inverter prototype was designed by using pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generated by EGS002 module, combined with DC voltage source, voltage regulator, MOSFET Bridge and low pass filter. As component assembled, the output voltage quality is determined by the choice of filter components. Experiment shows that the calculated values may not suitable as soldering and connection imperfection may change component values. As adjustments were performed, filter components of 12.63 H and 6.5uf generated the finest sinusoidal output of 30.8 Vpp with frequency of 50.05 Hz.

During this time the control of the water level that is done is still using manual tools in the form of floodgates placed between rice fields and irrigation. Given the importance of controlling and monitoring the level of irrigation water in rice fields, the authors get the idea to create a control system to close the irrigation floodgates on rice fields for farmers. In addition to notification in the form of a SMS (Short Message Service) reply to the telegram application, the open and close irrigation door system in paddy fields is a major alternative that is very useful for farmers to prevent crop failures if the water in the paddy fields exceeds the limit. In this system utilizing the work of ultrasonic sensors to measure any changes in water level in the paddy fields, then the data will be received and processed in the nodemcu and water level notifications will be sent to the telegram, to drive the irrigation door on the paddy using a servo motor that will open and close the irrigation door on rice fields automatically according to the conditions specified. if the water level is <2 cm, the irrigation door will open, the buzzer will not sound. And if the water level below> 2 cm, the irrigation door will be closed, the buzzer will sound as a sign that the water needs in the field are sufficient. While the notification in the form of an sms will be sent to the telegram.

The application of production management is very important in farming, this is reflected in the farming of red chili as one of the contributing commodities to inflation in Indonesia. chili is a commodity that has the most fluctuating price movements, where the price indicator is a reference for a farmer in planting red chili, therefore a farmer must be able to determine the time and carry out production management, one of which is the efficiency of production factors where this efficiency ultimately affects the the amount of income received by farmers. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors affect production, factors that have been economically efficient and factors that affect income in the red chili farming in Pidie Jaya Regency. This study uses Cobb Douglas efficiency analysis and income analysis. The factors that influence the production of red chilli farming in Bandar Baru and Trienggadeng Districts in Pidie Jaya Regency consist of seeds, compost, NPK, urea, KCL, TSP, pesticides and labor where the magnitude of the influence of the variable reaches 94.9%. The efficiency of production factors, namely compost, and KCL are not efficient, so it needs to reduce production factors, while seeds, NPK, urea, TSP, pesticides and labor are not efficient so need the addition of production factors. The influence of the factors of the amount of production, the selling price of red chili and production costs to the income of the farming of red chili in the District of Bandar Baru and the District of Trienggadeng in the District of Pidie Jaya that is equal to 91.90%.

Mixing two or more herbicides is one of efforts to increase herbicide efficacy in controlling weeds, where this weed control is needed to improve soybean yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective dose of mixing herbicides pendimethalin and sulfentrazone and to evaluate its effect to weeds and soybean yield. This study was conducted in June to September 2019, using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 8 treatments. Variables observed were weed dry weight, phytotoxicity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield. The results revealed that the application of mixed herbicides pendimethalin and sulfentrazone gave an effect to weed dry weight, phytotoxity, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield. The application of 1 kg b.a ha⁻¹ pendimethalin and 0.5 kg b.a ha⁻¹ has decreased the weed dry weight and phytotoxicity. However, it has also increased the seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield.

Briquette is fuel energy produced from organic materials or agricultural waste (biomass) that is underutilized such as rice husk waste. In this research, briquettes will be made from a mixture of rice husk waste, sticky rice glue and PVAc glue. The purpose of this research is to see the temperature and length of burning of charcoal briquettes. This research uses conventional experimental methods. Based on the results of the study, sample 1 had a mixed composition of 100 gr rice husk waste, 15 gr glutinous rice flour, 5 gr PVAc glue, and 110 ml hot water, then a maximum temperature of 335.4°c was obtained and with a burning time of 19.18 minutes, whereas at sample 2 has a composition of mixed ingredients namely 90 gr rice husk waste, 25 gr glutinous rice flour, 5 gr PVAc glue, 110 ml hot water, then a maximum temperature of 353.6°c is obtained with a burning time of 17.54 minutes, whereas in sample 3 with a mixture of ingredients 110 gr rice husk waste, 5 gr glutinous rice flour, 5 gr PVAc glue, 110 ml hot water, then a maximum temperature of 427.1°c is obtained with a burning time of 27.46 minutes. Of the 3 sample specimens that obtained good temperature values were sample 3 with a maximum temperature of 427.1°c and a burning time of 27.48 minutes.

Mulching is known as a great suppressant, a modern agricultural practise. It modifies the soil microenvironment and maintains crop yield. This study was conducted in January to April 2019 to investigate the effectiveness of several plants for mulch in various doses on soybean crop and to evaluate their effect to soybean yield. This study employed Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with two factors. The first factor was 3 different plants applied for soil mulching: mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and neem (Azadirachta indica). The second factor was 4 different doses of mulch: 0, 8, 16 and 24 tons ha⁻¹. Variables observed were number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and yield of dry seeds. The results indicated that the application of different mulches did not have effect on all variables observed. However, the application of 16 - 24 tons mulch ha⁻¹ has improved the number of pods per plant and yield of dry seeds. There was no interaction between plant types for mulching and dose of mulch in all variables observed.

Irrigation system management in the Belitang Irrigation System has some constraint that can be overcome by conducting irrigation modernization. Before implementing irrigation modernization, an irrigation system should be assessed to determine the level of irrigation modernization readiness stated by the readiness index of irrigation modernization (IKMI). The assessment of irrigation pillars was carried out in three regions including Belitang I, Belitang II and Belitang III. This study aimed to analyze the readiness of irrigation modernization in the Belitang Irrigation System and to determine the order of irrigation modernization development in three regions. Data was collected using 2 methods, namely walk through survey for irrigation infrastructure pillars and interviews for 4 other pillars including water availability, system management, institution and human resources. The assessment data was recapitulated and processed to obtain the IKMI. Then, decision making for the order of irrigation modernization development was conducted by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The result of determining the IKMI was 69.05, so Belitang Irrigation System was categorized as less ready for modernization. This showed that the irrigation modernization needs to be postponed and the irrigation system is improved for 1-2 years. Furthermore, the results of the AHP analysis showed that the order of order of irrigation system development and improvement for irrigation modernization started from the Region of Belitang III, then Belitang I and Belitang II.

Attention to the capacity of Rice Milling Companies is very important because this company is the main business actor that creates added value. However, there is currently no knowledge of the relationship between the capacity of rice millers and business performance Comprehensive information about the value chain also provides a direction for investment options/opportunities, where this can be found in high value added activities. This investment opportunity is apparently not being taken advantage of by business actors in the Province, the obstacles they face need to be investigated, whether it is related to financing or regulations that may not yet support the development of the business. Based on value chain analysis, it can be concluded that. Pidie regency is the area with the greatest added value and Aceh Utara Regency is the region with the smallest added value because more of its rice production is sold outside the Regency, considering that in this region the rice processing industry has not yet developed. Rice milling provides the greatest added value in the rice value chain

This study aims to examine the potential of ciplukan and patchouli oil refining waste as alternative sources of phytogenic feed additive to replace the Antibiotic Growth Promotor (AGP) in livestock. The research was carried out by using the method of extraction and identification of phytogenic components of ciplukan and patchouli waste as well as in vitro for antibacterial and antioxidant tests of ciplukan leaf extract and patchouli waste. The variables observed were percentage yield, nutritional content, phytochemicals, phytogenic compounds, antibacterial inhibition and antioxidant content of ciplukan leaf extract and patchouli waste. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and tabulated according to the research variables. The results showed that the extraction using 96% ethanol solvent produced different yields, the highest yield was found in ciplukan, namely 9.75% and patchouli waste of 1.02% by weight of fresh ingredients. The nutritional content of ciplukan and patchouli waste respectively contains crude protein 27.79 and 14.19%, crude fiber 7.08 and 17.09%, fat 3.43 and 3.85%, BETN 27.46 and 40.87%, and the antioxidant content tends to be higher in ciplukan, namely 75.70% and 73.53% patchouli waste. Based on the results of the phytochemical test, patchouli waste extract contains bioactive substances in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids as well as essential oils, while the ciplukan extract does not contain terpenoids and essential oils. The results of the antibacterial test showed that patchouli waste extract had the largest inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria compared to the ciplukan extract with an average diameter of 12.50 and 8.50 mm. Conclusion patchouli waste extract has the potential to be used as an alternative source of phytogenic feed additive because it contains phytogenic bioactive substances and can act as antibacterial.

Currently, Banda Aceh has been dealing with several problems related to pollution caused by domestic wastewater. According to previous studies, shallow groundwater and surface water in Banda Aceh have been contaminated by domestic wastewater produced by the community. The settlement scale off-site system with communal-WWTP operating in several villages has not function optimally in treating domestic wastewater. The problem also caused by service coverage which is still very small (only 2.12% of the total population). Therefore, it is require an acceleration of service improvement, by developing urban scale off-site system with centralized-WWTP and a wider pipe line network system. Moreover, further investigations are needed to develop the concept of planning as a preliminary design in the management of urban scale off-site system. This paper aims to develop a concept of domestic wastewater management using an urban scale off-site system that considers environmental characteristics in Banda Aceh as an alternative to mitigate the occurrence of water body pollution by domestic wastewater.

Candlenut shell, as one of biomass that has not optimally utilized, can be converted into charcoal which potentially increase its value. Candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chambers is a tool that designed to convert candlenut shell into charcoal. The quality of the resulted charcoal remains unknown. This research aims to identify one of the quality variable of the charcoal which is ash content. The method used in the research was Gravimetric Analysis. Three samples from each carbonization chamber were taken to be analysed. As the tool has three carbonization chambers, the samples are 9 in total. The result showed that every chambers has different amount of ash content which are 2.167 % in CCI, 1.020 % in CC II and 4.687 % in CC III. In average, the ash content in candlenut charcoal resulted from Candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chambers is 2.624 %. Hence, the tool managed to meet the SNI charcoal quality requirement in term of ash content which may not exceed 6 %.

Coffee is a pleasurable beverage which worls widely consumed. Commercial coffee Commercial coffee comes from two species of coffee plant which is Arabica and Robusta coffee. Currently antioxidant activity in coffee is a popular topic which is obtained from drinking coffee that has passed through the complex stages of processes. In Banda Aceh, coffee drinking habits is obtained from coffee shops scattered throughout the nine districts, while drinking coffee considered as a necessity and tradition that has been handed down over the centuries. Each traditional coffee shop has a coffee featured with unique roasting and brewing methods. This study aims to identify the antioxidant activity in commercial Arabica and Robusta grounded coffee based on roasting method (torrefacto and conventional) and brewing (manual and cooked) condition. This research was conducted using Factorial Random Block Design with 3 replications, then it continued with Least Significance Difference (LSD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed coffee varieties and the brewing condition and interaction within three variables have very significant influence (P≤0,01) while roasting methods significantly influenced (P≤0,05) the total phenolic content of coffee drinks. The study also showed that brewed coffee drink has higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to cooked coffee drink. Commercial Arabica coffee, which is torrefacto roasted and manually brewed has 127.58 phenol GAE / ml total phenol, antioxidant activity 46.89% and IC50 value of 254.89 ppm. On the other hand, commercial Robusta coffee which accepted similar treatment is slightly higher, 141.10 GAE / ml total phenol and the antioxidant activity of 50.88%. To sum up in this research, commercial robusta coffee, which is torrefacto roasted and manually brewed has higher antioxidant activity than other variety.

Granite rock is a non-metallic rock, one of which is located in Ujung Karang Village, South Aceh Regency, this rock has a high commercial value, but depends on the type and color that is owned. So to find out need to do a basic study of these rocks. The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary information on the constituent minerals and dominant colors that appeared in the granite rocks of Ujung Karang Village. This research method uses X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The test results showed that 17 dominant mineral phases were identified, while others were minor phases. The largest mineral phase is in the SiO2 compound at 63.6%, while the smallest mineral phase is in the ZnO compound at 0.01%. While the surface morphological observations obtained 46.49wt% O elemental bases, then 28.60wt% Si elemental bases, and 09.57wt% basic element Al, besides these elements, there are also other elements namely 05.65wt% O basic elements, 04.68wt% Na basic elements %, the element Fe is as broad as 03.72wt%, and Mg is as basic as 01.71wt%. The surface morphology in these rock samples is irregular with varying grain sizes. Visually visible colors are dark and white, and it can be assumed that the elements contained in the granite are predominantly Si or Silica elements.

In general, the composting process made from oil palm fronds (OPF) is to reduce their size, mixing, and fermentation. One of the essential factors composting process is a mixed uniform between shredded OPF with other raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the quality of compost, which is stirred using a compost mixer machine (drum rotary double helix type). Composting methods chosen are natural inoculum and bokashi inoculum. Rotational speed of the mixer is applied at the levels of 100 rpm, 300 rpm, and 500 rpm. Parameters such as compost mass and temperature are recorded every five days for 60 days of composting duration. The N, P, K content, and C/N ratio were analyzed for 30 days and 60 days of composting duration. A total of 5 kg of mixed raw material was composted. Maximum temperatures recorded during the composting process of natural inoculum and bokashi methods were 35°C, 40°C, respectively. Mass loss of the two composting methods is 75%. A composting method, rotation speed, and composting duration do not significantly affect to achieve the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) quality of composting. Therefore, the use of various types of composting methods, low rotational speed compost mixer machine, and short composting duration can be applied to making compost using this machine.

Orange is one of preference agricultural products by consumers, because it has several benefits suchas vitamin C and antioxidants. The fruit is often used for gift when someone visits the relatives, thus the quality of orange is mostly detected by visual suchas size and skin color of the fruit. Determination of the quality is done manually because it takes faster. The manual grading has the weakness and less effisien, resulting several quality gradings and needs man power more. Using the man power tend to be subjective judgement. One of the ways to increase the productivity to determine the orange quality is that using grading methode using technology real time digital analysis mechanically. The aims of the resarch is to design of grading machine and grading program based on diameter and skin color of the orange that analysed by real time image processing. Based on the research result, this system can be applied on orange grading. The capacity of the manual grading is 1,276 fruit/hour,meanwhile capacity of the grading system is 712.87 fruit/hour. From the speed of the process and grading capacity, the manual methode is better instead of grading system using image processing. Meanwhile for the quality of the grading, Using the grading system based on the image processing can be said that it is suitable toward the standard. If using manual grading, it use the principle of habit, without really measure specifically and detail.

Purple yam (Dioscorea alata) is a type of plant that grown in almost all regions of Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, purple yam is one of the most popular types of sweet potatoes compared to other types of the genus Dioscorea. Purple yum is usually consumed directly as a side dish, or processed into a powder. One important process of making purple yam powder is drying. In this study, the characteristics of purple yam powder were evaluated from several drying methods, namely sunlight drying (SD), cabinet drying (CD), and pneumatic drying (PD). The pneumatic dryer used was self-made with a stainless steel plate (3 mm thickness) and has total dimension of 1600x 500x 2500 mm. The results showed that the CD sample had the lowest water content. The purple yam powder by CD and PD can produce brighter powder compared to that with SD method. From the FM test, the smallest FM value was obtained from CD sample. CD sample proven to be able to retain purple yam nutritive values after drying process.

Pumpkin, one of the most famous cultivars from Cucurbita moschata, is a rich source of carotenoid. However, having high water content (above 80%) makes pumpkin extremely perishable, and difficult to be processed and stored. Therefore, pumpkin needs a dehydration process in which could remove moisture content from the product but still able to uphold its natural color and minimum nutrient losses. We have carried out a comprehensive study to investigate the effect of different methods; sunlight drying (SD), cabinet drying (CD), and pneumatic drying (PD) on the physicochemical properties of pumpkin powder. The pneumatic dryer used was self-fabricated with a stainless steel plate (3 mm thickness) that has a total dimension of 1600x 500x 2500 mm. The physicochemical properties evaluated include final moisture content, the color difference (ΔE), carbohydrate, fat, protein, and β-carotene. CD produced powder with the lowest final moisture content. The mean value of ΔE of PD was the lowest as compared to SD and CD. The SD sample has the lowest mean FM value. Pneumatic drying exhibit good potential to produce pumpkin powder while retaining its color and nutritive values.

Cutting the sugarcane stump is one of the important activities in the ratoon sugarcane cultivation. Cutting the remaining sugarcane stump is done after harvest to grow new shoots. Cutting the sugarcane stump is usually done lower than the ground level. Cutting can be done manually or mechanically. The low productivity of ratoon cane can be caused by, among others, a lot of stumps that break, the time of cutting, shallow roots in the plants, and the lack of care in the plants. The cutting machine or stubble shaver used in sugar cane plantations have several disadvantages including inprecise blade design and the result of many stumps being broken so that productivity is low. The purpose of this study was to test the Serrated Cylindrical blades that rotate vertically to cut sugarcane stumps. As for the observations made the mound cutting profile, the percentage of stumps that broke, and the shoots productivity. The highest result of unbroken sugarcane stump in the second mound was 85.19%, then the first mound was 79.63% and then the third mound was 75.93%. The results of the growth of the number of shoots at 7 days after cutting in the first mound was 46 shoots, then the second mound was 43 shoots, and then the third mound was 34 shoots.

Wireless connection such as 802.11 and cellar networks is preferred for internet connections as its quick set up and mobility. However, radio propagations are prone to signal errors, noises and interferences. Even more powerful modulations and coding were developed; they do not change the nature of error sensitive in wireless link. When network link worsens, the available bandwidth decreases. This exerts problems for the user speed requirement. This paper examines layer two compressions on decreasing link quality. The 802.11 network simulations based on Bianchi model and Shannon theory show that compression technique on layer two increases throughput about 10.27%, although delay increases about two times.

This study aims to: (1) present the characteristics of leading horticultural farming in Aceh, (2) compare the conditions of existing traits with those that should live in entering digital agribusiness, (3) identify the constraints in agribusiness to enter digital era, and (4) find the solution of the constraints. Descriptive analysis, tabulation, and comparison are used as the analytical tools in this study. The results show that leading horticultural agribusiness in Aceh have problems in adapting digital era because today's agribusiness characteristics still outperform. Constraints are attributed to the internal factors of those who plays essential roles in agribusiness. Those factors are: older age of agribusiness actors, low educational attainment, unfamiliar with digital technology, and limited access to land and capital. This study find that government acts, such as improving social assistance, mentoring and coaching, are crucially needed to support agribusiness actors competing in digital era.

This present study aimed to design and apply an automated irrigation system powered by solar panels for melon farming cultivation. It related to precision agriculture practices from which benefited as an environmental friendly approach. This study was performed by designing irrigation systems, constructing solar panels as a power source for generating pump used to irrigate melon orchard. The results showed that those combinations setup were benefited to reduce manual irrigation system which is normally conducted by human efforts. Further, it also acted as an environmental friendly practice since the system is attempted to utilize solar energy as main power source for irrigation pump. Based on obtained results, it may conclude that abundance energy in our earth can be used for precision agriculture practices with the aim to reduce environmental pollution and waste.