Table of contents

The 5th Friendly City International Conference (FCIC 5), organized by Architecture Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan - Indonesia is considered to be a media for research results and experience exchange in exploring and developing ideas of friendly city in various aspects and perspectives and also as synchronization media between academic research and practical application in solving urban problems, in developing countries.

A friendly city is not just demonstrated by a good and appropriate infrastructure and space but very dependent on how communities are involved and their needs are met. The needs of the communities can vary from place to place, depending on the environment, culture and traditions. The interconnectedness of culture in the development of the city, is considered not just as a "patch", but it should be integrated comprehensively. UN Habitat stressed the importance of culture by "re-humanizing" urban environment. Further, it must increase social cohesion, counter segregation (social and spatial) and uneven distribution of wealth, and aim for more equitable distribution and access to urban resources and more integration and connection among residents.

Lis of Introduction, General Purpose, Keynote Speakers, Participants, Conference Venue and Schedule, Schedules, Social Media and Contact Person FCIC 5 – 2019 are available in this pdf.

List of Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.

List of Logos are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Traditional architecture is one form of the richness of the Indonesian culture, so its presence makes a symbol of the cultural distinctiveness of the local community in each region. Due to advances in technology made a number of parties to switch to modern architecture. Architecture Regionalism present in an effort to unify the traditional architecture and the modern architecture. Government buildings as a formal building its presence gives significance to the Government of the city, so that this building is present in an effort to express physically-visually in displaying local architecture. This research aims to find the application of Traditional Architecture and Traditional architectural elements the most dominant influence the building of government office buildings in particular the Mayor of Lhokseumawe, which provided the case study at This research. The form of this research is in the form of descriptive qualitative research, the process of collecting data is done by direct observation to the field. The variables studied in this study were forms, physical elements, and expressions of traditional Acehnese architecture in the building of the Mayor's Office in Lhokseumawe. The findings obtained are discussed in accordance with review of the literature. The results showed that the physical elements of the shape of the roof of the building to the Mayor's Office got influences from traditional architecture.

Batak Karo's Architecture is one of the Indonesian archipelago's architecture which is the result from the local wisdom of the Batak Karo tribe, one of the karonese architectures is the traditional Karo house. Masri Singarimbun explained that karo traditional houses are not only related to their functions but related to the process of establishment and how to dwell in it, there are so many customary rules when establishing and occupying the house. Now the Karo Batak tribe has turned to contemporary architecture and has lost its meaning in its architecture. This study will examine space in karo architecture with space theory that proposed by Christian Noberg Schultz, namely architectural space and existential space. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative. It was found that karo architecture is a manifestation of the world view Batak Karo tribe which considers the world divided into three parts, namely the upper world, the middle world and the underworld and also the concretization of their kinship relationship, beru, senina and kalimbubu, which is called sangkep ngeluh.

Ajman is the smallest emirate in the UAE. Changes in the feature of urban areas in Ajman started in 1980 with the petrodollar economy. The upsurge of the global economy led to the construction of new buildings. Many mosques were built during the last few years in Ajman. The design of the mosques is distinctive in many aspects exhibiting differences in architectural style and form. Although there are some general rules and specifications for the new mosques suggested by the General Authority of Islamic Affairs & Awqaf (GAIA), nevertheless, it is not fully pursued. Therefore, it is important to address the issues of unity and identity through the physical image. According to our research, there are some purely modern mosques; others are a combination of traditional and modern styles. This paper will evaluate the different types of mosques that were built recently in Ajman. Similarities and differences between the various mosques will be analyzed and highlighted. The research was based on primary data conducted during the fieldwork in addition to drawings obtained from the GAIA. Despite the trend towards having diverse mosque designs, this study reveals that there is still a kind of unity among the new mosques.

In the city of Medan, population growth is increasing. That affects the Location of settlements in the city. Riverside settlements are a way to divert townspeople to outskirt. It has many problems, caused by natural population growth and migrants (urbanization). Increasing population growth makes settlements a poor quality neighborhood. Without good planning, the settlements become spontaneous settlements and irregular. Medan Labuhan district is a district that has settlements on the river side of Deli. Medan Labuhan Sub-district has a total of 6 urban villages. This study aims to find the typology of residential areas in Deli riverside, Medan Labuhan district and to make the context of settlement concepts in Deli riverside, Medan Labuhan district. The research method used by the qualitative method. They are observation and interviews. Observations were made by observing the topology of residential areas from spontaneous settlements in Medan Labuhan. It will also be made to compare with government policies. This research contributes to knowledge about riverside settlement typology in Medan Labuhan district. This research is also useful for the Medan City Government to be able to make a clearer policy related to the rules of development in the Deli riverside area.

Foods produced in the kampung area by home base entrepreneurs or people who gather for home industry/food domestic industry. Foods journey creates a route of production and distribution process that generates a hub. Therefore, the processing of this food has a trajectory that is beyond the local territory in a kampung. The range of food processes is represented by a theory of spatial trajectories to see the process of food production and show the spatial system, which is a part of food mobility. Observation of food routes is carried out by paying attention to flow, network, and motion using space syntax methods. The results of this research using space syntax methods will show the spatial trajectory of the product exceeds beyond kampung area, which makes it an important hub.

In the Dutch colonial period, the glory of Aceh has been a shift, they were burned a kingdom of Aceh and building a new Aceh. The Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Banda Aceh city is the masterpiece of Dutch colonial architecture. From the results of previous research, according to experts, are the building of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque using the eclecticism style, which is the collaboration of the best various architecture style? The purpose of the research is to find the eclecticism effect on the building of Baiturrahman Grand Mosque. The research method using a descriptive qualitative-comparative method, which is to describe the elements of the visual building and then compare with the approach of colonial architecture theory, Acehnese architecture theory with Islamic architecture theory. From the results of the analysis of the visual elements on the building, it was found that the dominant Islamic architecture styles were was on the ornaments of the wall and the effect of colonial architecture style was on the symmetrical floor plans. The concluded that the combination of elements architecture style is eclecticism that effects the building of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque.

Competition on land use for settlements and offices or business areas in big cities in Indonesia, an especially metropolitan city such as Jakarta, have resulted in high land prices. This competition is a result of shifting settlements away from the city centre and people having to commute to the city centre every day to go to their workplaces. This problem occurs not only in developing countries but also in many developed countries. Tiny House Movement later emerged in developed countries and has been considered as one solution to deal with this problem. Living in a tiny house does not only mean living in a small-sized house, but also adapting to a simpler life, becoming less consumptive, being more connected to nature and caring for the environment. Living in a tiny house is not something new to Indonesian society. For people who live in the urban kampung, their place of living can also be considered as tiny houses, albeit having a different appearance to the ones in developed countries. This is what distinguishes between the understanding of tiny house between developed countries and Indonesia. This paper will discuss whether a tiny house is suitable to be applied in the lives of urban communities in Indonesia and whether tiny houses can be said as sustainable living. This research will use both qualitative methods (through interviews with urban kampung communities) and quantitative methods (measurements of tiny houses in urban kampung) to retrieve information. Through this research, it was found that urban kampung residents have applied the tiny living principle in their lives.

Minangkabau has connection to the founding of the Malayapura Kingdom in Pariangan-Saruaso by Datuk Ketumanggungan (Akarendrawan) and Datuk Parpatih Nan Sabatang (Adityawarman). This kingdom existed after the victory of buffalo fights from the Majapahit Kingdom and the dimming of the Dharmasraya Kingdom (Koto Alang Kingdom) after the attack of Kandis Kingdom. The Dharmasraya was in the region between Hulu-Batanghari (Padang Roco and Sungai Dareh) and Batang Kuantan (Lubuk Jambi - Taluk Kuantan) and eventually became the subordinate kingdom of the Malayapura and subsequently under the Pagaruyung Sultanate as the subordinate territory (Rantau or Hilir or Downstream) of Luhak Tanah Datar (Darek or Hulu or Upstream); one of the central of Luhak Nan Tigo. The relationship between the regions in history and myths may indicate cultural relations, especially in their traditional houses. How are the architectural characteristics of the Rumah Gadang in Dharmasraya and Rumah Godang in Batang Kuantan? This research method is qualitative, by conducting a literature review, field study, to be analyzed architecturally to get a clear conclusion. The results showed the architectural similiarities and linkage between Rumah Gadang in the area of Dharmasraya and Rumah Godang in Batang Kuantan area, especially in their spatial systems and shape-form systems.

The more we get into the modern era, concrete existence precisely becomes a doubt for architects and critics. They have arrived at concrete is something that doesn't have reciprocal principles and forms if we are willing to bring ourselves further by accepting the thought that concrete is the formation of various parameters. This paper aims to see concrete not only technical terms but in how concrete influences the growth of modern architecture in Indonesia, adjusting deep-rooted culture and the political order. I will see the architectural development at the beginning of independence and the New Order era; that use concrete and are significant to criticize architecture, culture, and politics. Analysis of theoretical construction is needed to identify a new perspective of critical thinking of architectural, as well as the analysis and synthesis is applied to the comparative analysis. The use of concrete technology become the countenance and considered monumental, and as a result, the notions from the actors build a modern representation. In material discourse, concrete has been widely studied, interpreted, and innovated. Thus, this research expected to be the content of empty niches in all the diversity of its applications, beyond the sphere of engineering and architectural realm.

Ornaments have been an element in architectural design, since prehistoric times until now. This study aims to analyze the meaning of ornaments in architecture with a case study of the Toba Batak Contemporary Architecture with a semiotic approach. The population in this study is the entire Toba Batak Contemporary Architecture, and the research sample is 2 residential houses that use traditional ornament models, the first is a residential house in the Toba area as a place of origin (bona pasogit), and the second a houses in Medan as overseas areas (pangarantoan) Toba Batak community. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Where ornamentation as a sign vehicle (signifier) to the cultural system (signified) is described in accordance with 3 categories of ornament functions from the results of literary studies, namely the prestige function, aesthetic functions and religious functions. As a result of this study to answer the ornamental function of what still exists from the two research samples and at the same time describe the meaning of ornaments in contemporary architecture.

Tourism is one of the important sectors that can improve the economy of the community. One form of tourism that can fulfill the desires of tourists that benefit society and the environment, as well as the trigger of development and the local economy is Geotourism. Bakara is one of the leading tourist destinations in Humbang Hasundutan District. This phenomenon is the result of a Supervolcano eruption, from this eruption not only creating extraordinary natural scenery, cultural diversity, biodiversity and also communities that have local wisdom and live in harmony with nature. Geotourism has a focus on aspects of world heritage through education. This study aims to examine Education aspect of the community participation in developing Geotourism Bakara Village. This research uses a mixed method, combining the elements of Geotourism by direct observations, questionnaires distribution, and depth interviews with key respondents. Education aspect of the community participation on developing Geotourism Bakara Village was analyzed on indicators, namely interpretation of geosites, appreciation of cultural values and world heritage, knowledge, and understanding of Geosite, Educational activities, and Geosite Development. The result shows that the five elements of Education aspects have a positive respon from respondent but it must be improved to increase of tourism and also the economy in Bakara Humbahas District.

This article examines the development of Karo architecture in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Karo Architecture is one of the architectures which still survive with a complete footprint and its existence can be traced. The postmodern era now, of course, influences by the development of this architecture. The benefits of local wisdom are explored by examining the existence of abstract and concrete spaces in Karo traditional architecture. For this reason, the article aims to look at the development of the existence of Karo architecture in its abstract and concrete spaces. The objects of research are Karo traditional buildings and shop houses located in Karo Regency and its surroundings. The method used is the descriptive qualitative approach to describe the facts in the field and examine them with the theory used. The result is that existing spaces are the results of culture from generation to generation that produces meaning according to their needs or Karo's contemporary culture can adapt shop house.

Architecture is an object that can be related to a communication system. In communication systems called Semiotics is needed to examine the object being studied. Semiotics is a guide in finding the meaning of an architectural project, for this article emphasizes the search for architectural meanings of architectural projects that are appreciated by observers. The method used is descriptive qualitative by observing and finding the facts in the site. The object of the study was Tjong A Fie's house in the Kesawan area of Medan City. The results of this object study were analyzed based on the semiotic theory to draw conclusions about its role in the figure of the building. The analysis results of buildings show that there is someone role for building figures in presenting the expression of his power to a building or living environment in colonial era, that is representing of Tjong A Fie.

This Study Aim to describe the application of architecture in the tradition of building a house written in a manuscript which is teh intellectual propert of tradition society in Indonesia archipelago. The data of this study were obtained from Tajul Muluk text belongs to Mr. Malim Husin who lives in Tanggabosi, Mandailing Natal District, North Sumatra. This text is basically written in Jawi character consisting of 146 pages, and contain various description of human life and it's surrounding nature. In this study, the researchers only focus on the tradition of building house which is explained in Tajul Muluk text. The data were analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative method. The finding indicates that the tradition of building a house is displayed in accordance with the texts, starting from choosing the right day, selecting the timber, gauging columns, deciding the builder and tools, knowing the conditions to build a house which was already established, good and bad influence, selecting the land, and also some advice in building a house.

Aceh traditional house has become a legacy of its predecessors, but that traditional house will lose its function and existence throughout the journey and technological development, and the depletion of understanding and pride in the potential of Indonesian architecture caused by a lack of information about architectural potential. This study aims to assess the meaning contained in traditional and contemporary houses of Aceh through the theory of genius locus approach so that it can be used as a reference in the design of homes for Acehnese people who are full of culture and remain in their own. This research obtains by using descriptive qualitative methods that relate the life of the people of Aceh Utara by taking several samples of contemporary homes used as a place that is a culture comes to appear. The results of this study are the discovery of abstract and concrete spaces that become places and destinations of life based on the beliefs and life views of the Acehnese wherever they are.

The Indonesian archipelago has a wealth of traditional house with the uniqueness, each of them is corresponding with geographical location, which one of them is the traditional house of North Nias, located to the west of the island of Sumatera, Indonesia. This traditional house is a stage house with a sloping roof, which has a circular plan. The house has a wood frame construction which all materials of building were made from biological materials obtained from the natural surroundings. The building was strongly influenced by the environment and its inhabitants, where it is in harmony with the principles of biological architecture. Biological architecture is architecture according to its residents and local climate. Particularly in the traditional house of North Nias, was found some aspects that reflection of applications of biological architecture identified in this research. This research uses qualitative content analyze, which is a research method with deeply conceptual integration [2]. Environmental (climate, site, vegetation, soil, and water) and human/occupant (basic human needs, culture, belief/religion, and livelihood) are important indicators and as well as because factors are born traditional house of North Nias. These factors will be analysed to determine the impacts (architectural design, material, construction) on the building, that contain genius locus of North Nias's ancestor.

The image of the city acts as a form of identity in the development of the city, as well as increasing the attractiveness of the city. Visual quality that is formed from the function and arrangement of buildings in an area can produce perceptions that are strong enough for the observer. The community has a strong perception of the city of Medan about its Chinatown. Medan, which is one of the cities in Indonesia, has several Chinatown areas and one of them on Semarang Street. Semarang Street Chinatown is a business and culinary area that makes this area live 24 hours. The purpose of this study is to find aspects that affect the image of Chinatown on Semarang Street in making perceptions that are built in the community so that it can bring new understanding in remembering a place/region/city. The method used in this study is a mixed method where the process of collecting data and information is done by conducting various observations and distributing questionnaires. The results of this study are expected to be useful in contributing to the development of space science and social structures that have a major role in urban area planning and urban activity centers and can be input for the Medan city government regarding the role of land use and building management in the Semarang area in contributing descriptions conceptual which has an impact on improving the economic life of the community.

A historic building is a building that is closely related to the historical aspects of an area or city. Historical buildings can be used by future generations to remember their predecessors. In the context of the city area, the existence of historic buildings can trigger the development of the surrounding economy. This economic development happened in the case studies studied, namely the area around Menara Kudus, Indonesia. The area around Menara Kudus is an area crowded with tourists and pilgrims because of Menara Kudus, the Tomb of Sunan Kudus and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Crowds of tourists and pilgrims who visit Menara Kudus area also influence the arrangement of the surrounding area. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that analyzes interpretatively the data obtained in the field. The analysis process carried out is the identification and description of three things. First, historical buildings in Menara Kudus area. Second, economic development around the area of Menara Kudus. Third, structuring the area of Menara Kudus. Of the three identifications and descriptions, interpretations were then made to get the influence of the existence of historical buildings on economic development and regional arrangement. The results shows the more crowded tourists and pilgrims who come to Menara Kudus, the more economic growth achieved in the region. Evidenced by the arrangement of the area which was finally adjusted to the economic conditions.

Generally, Shop houses in urban area appear dominantly, because it is very rational in term of economic and financial such as "cost and benefit analysis", is that absolutely right? These believed is a kind of simplification of the main issues in term of modernist and materialistic philosophy, since the local culture and the local architecture has been totally denied. A number of method has been applied to found and to identified local urban vernacular architecture. One among them is research on shop houses which socially adaptable with individual life of modern society but also accommodate the social aspect of local traditional life. This research basically is using qualitative method and focused on genius loci in shop houses in urban secondary cities in Sumatera Utara, where local culture and local architecture is still dominant. In this research Brastagi city in Karo regency will be posed as a study case. There is the main hypothesis on the spread of shop houses into the urban secondary urban cities because the shop houses have the great potential to make an adaptation with local culture and local architecture. In fact, the problems in this study is very wide, consequently, although research focused on architecture, other discipline has to be discussed namely philosophy and anthropology. With these method, the research revealing why the local peoples can adapt themselves socially and culturally with the shop houses. A number of research has focused on genius loci by using qualitative methods in order to find genius loci in architecture of Urban Shop Houses in Karo.

Shop house is one of the urban mix-use typologies that unites both commercial and housing function in one building. This type has been built since 900 BC, still and tends to be built more and more, particularly in Medan, Indonesia. This paper aims to describe how people perceived and adapted to the house of limited view, daylight, natural ventilation, and without a courtyard. The research took place in three shop houses corridors in Medan, namely Jamin Ginting, Setia Budi, and Sutomo Corridors. The study used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data of residents' perception was collected through an evaluation-statement in five points Likert scale. The way people adapted the house was identified by analyzing the questionnaire by using descriptive statistic. The overall analysis was carried out through qualitative approach, that explaining the phenomenon and all relevant variables. The investigation found that respectively the community was satisfied with their house, especially the commercial area, as the needs they prioritized above a house. As a consequence, they adapted to the other rooms of limited view, natural ventilation, and dimension. However, while the residents in Sutomo Corridor had no wish of another house, the Jamin Ginting and Setiabudi Corridors' occupants still dreamed of a more spacious landed house with courtyard.

Ethnic identities in developing countries become a focus of recent research one is related to ethnic tourism. One of ethnic tourism based on Vernacular Settlement is in Cibeo Village, Baduy Dalam, Banten Province. The opening of access in Ciboleger in the 1970s opened the opportunity of ethnic tourism. This study aims to review the phenomenon of Ethnic Tourism and Sustainable of Vernacular Settlement in Cibeo Village. The research paradigm used is naturalistic with a qualitative research strategy in the form of the Ethnography Approach. The method of data collection is through residencies in Cibeo Village to capture phenomena on the vernacular settlement as a natural setting and ethnic tourism. The results show that tourism plays an important role which is not always a negative impact on vernacular settlements. Ethnic tourism becomes one of an factor in the ongoing construction of place identity and senses of a place of vernacular settlement in Cibeo Village. This study provides implication: Firts, that cultural system carried out by vernacular society determine sustainable of vernacular settlement. Second, that the key of successful Sustainable Vernacular Settlement is the growth and development of its local wisdom.

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a very dense population, approximately four million of the thirteen million in Jakarta area traveling to and from the city every working day. MRT can be an alternative transportation solution for those who are also environmentally friendly. The life and economic activity of a city depend on how easy the city residents travel or their mobility and how often they can do it to various destinations in the city. The city of Jakarta, which has a traffic density, will have an obvious impact when the MRT has been running effectively. The change in attitude and mentality of people who are using MRT will be obvious, especially the changes in different individual's experiences with specific patterns combined with particular objects in a particular space and time. Which in this case, the application of behavior setting can be a theory that can be explored as a built environment created by people, in connection with the above understanding, the behavior setting in architecture explains the relationship between human behavior and the environment, especially the architectural space. Therefore, the existence of the MRT, which represents a breakthrough in public transportation, will significantly influence the behavior set with its environment. Thus, through this theory, it will be seen the suitability between the behavior setting that is formed with the function of space at the Blok M, Jakarta MRT Station.

Starting the operation of the MRT in Jakarta will affect the urban form on pedestrian lanes around the MRT area. Urban form is used to describe the physical characteristics of a city. Which are the characteristics that build the area, including the shape, size, density, and configuration of settlements. This research wants to find out the impact of the presence of MRT on urban forms on pedestrian lanes before and after the MRT operates because it will cause changes in the characteristics and quality of urban forms on the pedestrian lanes of the MRT Region. There are several methods used in this research, literature studies, interviews, and observations of various urban form elements (density, land use, access and infrastructure, layout, and building characteristics) on pedestrian lanes in the Bundaran HI MRT station area. The conclusion of this research is to find out the characteristics and quality changes of urban forms on pedestrian lanes formed in the MRT area.

Pedestrian indirectly has an important role in daily activity and urban design. A pedestrian has a primary function for walking and access for walkers. Therefore, a pedestrian should fulfill its primary function, and benefit for the user in terms of safety, ease, and comfort circulation. One of the pedestrian characters in Jakarta is commercial pedestrian, which surrounded by store and the entrance facing the pedestrian, so the lane has a high volume of pedestrian user. However, this situation pushes another comer to use pedestrian for selling foods (temporary activity), which can lead more people to visit pedestrian to eat and socialize, so the pedestrian sidewalk will be narrow at some points and can cause the circulation flow of pedestrian users would have several variations between activities at different times and places. The method used in this study is through architectural observe, interview the pedestrian user, and literature study. This study will find out the impact of the role of temporary activity in pedestrian circulation patterns and levels of comfort for a pedestrian user at Jalan Sabang and Jalan Jaksa, Jakarta.

There have been many experiments regarding reusing plastic bottles, especially polyethylene (PET) as building materials. Some of them are experimenting with their compressive strength as exterior wall bricks (Mansour, et al., 2015); their energy consumption as roof insulations (Racolta, et al., 2016); their compressive and flexural strength as interior walls (Santana, 2016); and their compressive strength as walls and slabs (Oyinlola, et al., 2018). This paper discusses the compressive strength and the flexural strength of PET bottles as structural floor panels. This study explored the positions, binders, patterns, fillers, sizes, and supports of the PET bottles panel to reach the optimum combination of compressive and flexural strength. The experimental result shows that PET bottles panel with an upright position, sealant binder, and sand filler has better compressive strength and flexural strength. It also shows that the panels with more bottles face downwards have better compressive strength, while the ones with more bottles face upwards have better flexural strength. On the other hand, panel with smaller size and higher amount of support shows better flexural strength.

The purpose of this study is to examine the capabilities of using plastic bottle waste (PET) in architecture. The controversy of using a plastic bottle in this world brings up the idea of how efficient this material could be but at the same time how this material could rise the environmental problems. Therefore, we need to think better waste management for PET by promoting the capabilities of PET specifically in architecture. By using the theory of Cradle to Cradle to produce a sustainable material product by Braungart and McDonough, we can improve the value of PET's functional life residue. Research on PET's capabilities was based on several case studies where PET was used in many different types of applications, but the focus was on physical uses of the material. Some of PET utilizations are in the form of furniture, wall, brick, and structure. The conclusion is that every application must not be applied all together at once in one design. On the other hand, we can use it as an element in architecture, because every application needs to stand with another material other than PET itselves. These utilizations can enhance the life span of PET material after its functional cycle ended.

The substructure is an essential part of vernacular buildings, especially in an earthquake region. The substructure durability is proven since the vernacular house sustains while modern house destructed after the experienced earthquake. The use of substructure in the earthquake region is dominated by the stepped on stone pillars while the non-earthquake territory is dominated by pierced to the ground pillars. Researches hypothesized vernacular buildings in the ring of fire area will stable uses a stepped on the stone substructure and the joint wood system which interlocks the blocks. The purposes of this research are to determine whether the substructure can withstand the existing load, including earthquake and the wood material performance related to its durability in facing the weather and destructive biological factor. The test was done using a monotonic testing method to analyze the load exposed to the substructure. The moisture testing was also conducted in wood materials using Wood Moisture Detector MD818, and wood chemical structure was tested using FTIR. The result showed that the Aceh vernacular house was able to withstand earthquake load, including durable construction and material system. Aceh Besar vernacular house durability on earthquake was influenced by structure properties with a ductile value of 2.27.

The occupant's comfort in a high rise residential is crucial. Especially related to thermal and noise problem. High rise residential generally has less protection against solar radiation, and its location is strategically prone to noise. Building envelope material is an important element that can maintain the problems. Precast concrete material is often used as a building envelope on high rise residential. Besides, the alternative material which is precast concrete-with-EPS-layer is also widely used. This research was conducted to determine the thermal and noise reduction of the two materials in maintaining occupant's comfort. The method used is observation and field measurements in four residential units that use both materials as an opaque wall. The measuring instruments are a thermohygrometer and sound level meter. The results show that the sample with clear-single glass and the precast concrete-with-EPS-layer combination experienced a lower operative temperature. In the other hand, the sample with a precast concrete panel and clear-single glass combination have a lower sound transmission, with an average sound reduction value is 30 – 31 decibel. However, the presence of transparent material influenced the thermal and sound transmission measurement.

Indonesia has been frequently hit by devastating natural disasters that occurred one after another due to its geographical location that falls on the Ring of Fire. The loss of properties and the needs for shelter caused post-disaster housing high on demand. It became a significant sector during the reconstruction period of the post-disastrous event. Indonesian government introduced RISHA – Healthy, Modest, Instantaneous House – as a means to rebuild the houses with earthquake resistant technology. This paper highlights the points associated with the construction of RISHA: the manufacturing process, the complexity of the construction method, and the parties involved. Through analyzing the data obtained, qualitative approach is used to identify the key points in order to determine the efficiency and to suggest the technical solution for improvement of RISHA in architectural and construction perspectives as a response for post-disaster housing in Indonesia.

The problem of settlements that occur in big cities is a problem that makes local governments confuse, not least in Medan. In the program from the Ministry of Pekerjaan Umum dan Permukiman Rakyat (PUPR) that Medan is one of thirty cities with the most slum areas. This research problem are the fact of slums, factors that influence the growth of settlements, the regulation of coastal settlement development, the implementation of settlement development regulations and appropriate regulatory context for settlement construction in Medan Belawan district. This research aims to map the slums, analyze the factors that affect the growth of settlements, examine regulation of settlement development, analyze application of regulations on coastal settlement and make appropriate regulatory context for settlement construction in Medan Belawan District. Researchers distributed questionnaires and field observations to collect data. The findings of this research were to find out the factor of slums and to appropriate regulatory context for settlement construction in Medan Belawan District. This research can help local governments to pay attention and to reorganize the developments located in Medan Belawan District. This research is expected to provide benefits to all local governments to pay attention and resolve the causes of slums in their area.

The face of urban development is accelerating with the development of strip development models that are not followed by environmental planning. Dr. Mansur street corridor in Medan city showing the strip development causing by growing activity of Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU). Such unplanned growth poses problems for the city's degradation and the economic vitality along Dr. Mansur street. Such commercial zones shows a crowding atmosphere. The aims of this study was to create a model of city management addressing sprawl issues and un-sequential scenes in Dr. Mansur street, qualitatively descriptive with visual and behavioral observation methods through the identification of regional attractiveness. Using linkage strategies derived models in the form of sequential patterns that emphasize local characters visually, structurally, and collectively. The results show that with a linkage strategy linking USU's campus and hospital districts, Bens Café, Selayang Swimming Pool, PPIA, and Syafiatul school via the pedestrian path of Dr. Mansur street corridor, sporadic growth can be organized into clusters that minimize crowding. This study is useful to the city government as a guidance of commercial zone management and revitalization programs in purposes to improving the vitality of the city.

Medan as the capital of the province of Sumatera Utara and the third-largest city in Indonesia. The Medan metropolitan, as part of the constellation of the Mebidangro concept (Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang and Karo), is closely linked to the nearby cities around it. The city gate of Medan has not yet succeeded in becoming a welcoming, attractive and educative city gate. This research is in the form of modeling based on consideration of location around the gate or cognitive mapping in qualitative descriptive with a phenomenology approach. The results show there is a definitive intersection between landmarks, nodes, and paths on edge. Variants of the city gate model do not have to be in the portal base form but can be in the form of symmetrical left and right monuments. This research is useful for study on the typology of city gates as well as elements of the locality that influence their formation. This study results will support and giving input on the review of policy towards the development of the concept Mebidangro Metropolitan spatial structure in 2029.

Tourism development is needed because tourism can increase an income in a destination. Ecotourism is a new type of tourism that responsible towards nature, community, and the environment. Ecotourism draws more tourist's interest because besides giving natural tourism experience, they can learn to conserve the nature and involve with the community. Aek Nauli Natural Forest has been opened for public since 2011. However, the tourism is not developing despite of its attraction's potential. This research is focusing on natural attraction as one of the elements of tourism attraction. The aim of this research is to find tourist attractions that have the potential to be developed based on ecotourism in Aek Nauli. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting observation and in-depth interview with key respondents. The result of this research is a concept of potential attraction development based on ecotourism in Aek Nauli.

Based on Law Number 28 the year 2009, as of January 1, 2011, the Government of Indonesia transferred the stipulation and collection of Rural and Urban Property Taxes (PBB-P2) from central tax to regional taxes. Revenue from these taxes will be grouped as Regional Original Revenues so that its finance can be strengthened. The problem is that until now, many regions have not been able to improve their Land Value Zone (ZNT) to market value. Even though based on this ZNT the tax object sales value (NJOP) will be determined. The NJOP multiplied by the tax rate will become the amount of PBB-P2 taxes that must be paid. This research examines 17 districts in North Sumatra and Aceh Provinces to find out what are the problems in improving ZNT and imposing taxes. Data obtained from in-depth interviews were analyzed to reach general conclusions. The results obtained from the districts in North Sumatra and Aceh Provinces showed that the determination of ZNT that was close to market value could not be done due to lack of the ability of a community to pay, politics, ability to appraise, and social culture problems; so no differences between the two provinces. It is hoped that the government can overcome the problems.

The development of tourism in Sumatera Utara is currently focused on the Toba Lake National Strategic Area. One tourist destination is on the outskirts of Toba Lake namely Meat village, Toba Samosir Regency. Preliminary studies show that the tourist attraction of Meat village has not been optimal in capturing tourist visits. The world travel concept elevates local wisdom as an innovation in the tourism industry. This study aims to uncover the potential of nature and culture as a model for developing tourist destination areas by elevating the wisdom of local landscapes. The analysis was carried out using SWOT to explore the potential of landscapes and local activities to be used as elements of tourist destinations that would be designed to be a model of tourism. The results of the research show that there are five tourism activities, namely on Toba Lake beach tours, hill tours, paddy field tours, tomb tours, and traditional house tours. The tourism activity can be a model arrangement and guide for the development of local wisdom-based activities as a mainstay of Meat village tourism and alternative tourism for Toba Lake in Sumatera Utara province.

State assets that are separated in a state-owned enterprise (SOE) business capital have become a paradigm since the amendments of the 1945 Constitution in Chapter VII and Chapter VIIA. The three packages of laws within the scope of State Finance become the main principle to regulate SOE's. The principles inherent in the regulation of State Finance for SOE's have been contested multiple times, but the Constitutional Court's decision still reinforces the principle that the SOE's fund remains as the State's Finance. This research uses a normative juridical method. The results show that various unfavorable situations exist towards SOE's as business entities because they are managed in the form of bureaucratic and controlled by the central policy of the government. The government tends to prioritize political control, which sacrifices company efficiency. This condition has potentially distracted SOE's performance. The SOE's as agents of development should be able to determine economic development. In Medan City, there are several SOE headquarters. SOEs in North Sumatra with the characteristics of producing typical commodity should contribute to the development of Medan City through CSR programs. In conclusion, the management of SOEs has not been made optimal due to political and bureaucratic influences. Thus, SOEs contribution has not been able to fully support Medan City development.

The availability and security of the internet are the factors in determining the prosperity of a city. Medan has a high number of internet users, with 994,000 of the 2.2 million population having access to it (2017 data). Medan ranks third in the five largest online shopper cities in Indonesia. Therefore, Medan is quite potential and competitive in conducting digital business activities, also known as e-commerce. Such potential must be secured with the applicable law, especially protection for consumer law. This is legal research using a normative juridical method. Data was collected through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the government has already provided legal instruments in online transactions through Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (CP Law) and Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendment to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law) and Government Regulation Number 82 of 2012 concerning Electronic System and Transaction Applications. With a large number of internet users and online shoppers in Medan, the government must improve information technology-based infrastructure and e-commerce traders. Digital transaction activities should also be supported by strengthening the internet network security.

Economic growth is an indicator of measuring economic success. The factors influencing the economy of a region is the business climate. Medan as the third largest city in Indonesia has a rapidly developing economy to accommodate business activities. Regional Government of Medan should provide Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) indicators for the investors. Starting a new business is one of the ten EoDB indicators which cannot be separated from the important role of notaries. However, the Regional Government and notaries in Medan have not synergized well so that trimming the licensing procedures for starting a business. This is legal research with a normative juridical approach. The results show that Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 concerning Electronic Integrated Licensing Services mandates the use of Online Single Submission (OSS) systems. This system trims the bureaucracy and encourages new business start-ups. The Indonesian Notary Association intensely conducts education and training for Notaries on the benefit of applying OSS system. In conclusion, a Notary does not solely act as a deed maker in licensing procedures. Trimming procedures through OSS system as a support to ease of doing business will increase the economic growth in Medan, including licensing arrangements by a Notary.

As one of the plantation icons in Indonesia, North Sumatra has oil palm as the main commodity. The management of plantations in North Sumatra is represented by PTPN II, PTPN III, and PTPN IV headquartered in Medan, the capital of North Sumatra. With a good synergy of Plantation State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) management and proper supervision, can contribute to the development of the city and increases state revenues. PTPN IV has an internal auditor unit under the board of directors. Optimizing the role of internal auditor in Plantation SOEs can minimizes losses due to fraud, can foreign exchange and contribution for national development. This research used a normative legal method. The results show that Plantation SOEs have contributed greatly to the development of Indonesia. The internal auditors of Plantation SOEs in Medan apply a single supervision system under the board of directors. In its implementation, the internal auditor unit at PTPN IV is still got involved in fraud practices that can harm the company. Also affected both corporate income and contribution of Plantation SOEs to the development of Medan. Recommends to establish an independent and integrated external auditor unit, outside the company's internal structure, but still under the Ministry of SOEs.

Medan is one of the major cities in Indonesia, with a population of 2,210,624 people. The high number of population causes more and more people to purchase residential housings. The high costs of these housings have prompted people to use the public housing loan (PHL) program from banks such as BCA, BRI, BNI, Bank Mandiri, Bank Permata, Bank Cimb Niaga, Bank Danamon, Bank Panin, Bank Sumut, and BTN. Details of the PHL financing program are usually known by the customers once they have problems. Bank information disclosure is a defining factor for customers to choose their preferred bank. Increasing the PHL financing program will make the banking sector grow, which will ultimately affect the economic development of Medan. However, there are still many banks who have not implemented the principle of transparency. This will decrease customer trust to use banking products. This research uses the normative juridical method. The results indicate that the principle of transparency and disclosure of bank information in PHL financing program is still not optimal. This will greatly affect sustainable development in Medan because the banking sector relies heavily on customer investments and trust.

Selatpanjang city is a part of trade development since Siak empires. The trading areas were starting from waterfront to the Ahmad Yani, Merdeka, and Imam Bonjol corridor. As a result of the activity, shophouses began to appear around the area. Generally, this building is combining residential and commercial were typically used for business and trading. The research purpose is to analyze and understand the characteristics of the old shophouses façade. The method used is qualitative descriptive by façade element, façade composition, and building profile. The result shows that there is an architectural assimilation between Chinese, Colonial, and local. The implication of this research will be a reference to preservation corridor development in the future.

In the 19th colonial era, Cianjur has become one of the cities where the agroindustry has developed since the presence of the railway. The railway station is the place where the plantation products will be lifted and lowered by the train, and it becomes a significant city element for several small cities. This study aims to examine the history of urban space by investigating the historical traces of the object of this research, Cianjur Railway Station, to find its role as a new element in the colonial period. The method is qualitative with station studies in colonial urban spaces with analytical descriptive in presenting findings related to the relationship between the railway's station and the development of agro-industries in Cianjur in its role as colonial city elements. The existence of the railway station, in the colonial period, made Cianjur not only as an administrative center but also as a distribution-production of industrial center. The space city study of Cianjur through the railway station brings us to rethink the current urban space network of local heritage that has changed to our basis in managing the city in the future.

Medan City has a variety of cultures and ethnicities, which affect the face of the city. The distinctiveness of the architecture of shophouses in a city is an element forming a city identity. In its development, it appears that shophouses in Medan City are undergoing a transformation. Variety changes appear to be such shophouses, apparently leaving the collective memory of ethnicity identity as shophouses. This study aims to uncover the typology of character elements in the appearance of shophouses that characterize ethnic identity. With Habraken's version typology approach, classification of identity-forming characters is done which characterizes shophouse ethnicity. The results show that the appearance of Chinese shophouses is dominated by trellis and a little ornamentation, it appears that the dominant Indian shophouse with Hindu religious ornaments appears to be the dominant Malay shophouse ornamented with symbols of traditional Malay houses. It is expected that the results of this study will be the first step for further research on genealogy and the influence factors of design that look like shophouses that can be used as guidelines for the preparation of City Government regulations reaching the Medan City with an identity.

During the last four decades, heritage significance assessment has become an important step in cultural heritage protection and management. It is essential to study cultural heritage significance and its assessment to develop the policies and planning, which will impact the conservation and the action in safeguarding cultural heritage in the future. Therefore, this research will explore the heritage significance of the historic Maimon Palace area through the historical and structural approach. It starts from documenting the existing, investigating the development of the historical place and formulating the statement of significance through group discussion meeting involving the local communities. The paper has presented the significance of the historic Maimon Palace area as a critical part of Medan city development, which is characterized by the Malay culture and Islamic identity. It is confirmed that Deli River, Derikhan Park, today is known as Seri Deli Park, and the Grand Mosque Al-Mashun are crucial elements surrounding the palace. The Maimon Palace's landmark is not only the landmarks for this area but also have remained a leading landmark for the city of Medan.

Heritage building not only has historical value but also serves as a collective memory for the society. When it is older and no longer used, preservation needs to be done to keep its history. One way to preserves a heritage building through adaptive reuse, which also adds economic value to it. The historic Colomadu sugar factory built in Colomadu district area, near Solo city, Central Java, Indonesia, and then abandoned, now converted into a museum and amusement area named De Tjolomadoe. This adaptive reused tell histories and memories of the Sugar Factory's glorious past. The presence of this space is increasingly popular, in part because of the growing existence of social media. How the visitors of the museum interprets the functions of real space and virtual space, becomes the context discussed in this study. From the results of this study, we will find out how the visitors engaged in adaptive reuse of space which is associated with the visitor's needs of social media.

This study aims to find out the design concept approach of the tourism area in the cultural corridor and public space in the Kraton Yogyakarta area. This research is located along the main corridor, namely KH Agus Salim Street which is the main link between the Suryobrantan Bus Terminal (Ngabean), KH Agus Salim Road Area, Ngasem and North Squareas an analysis public space usage. This research use a qualitative descriptive analysis, a kind of method that focuses on understanding social phenomena in certain spaces, namely in the region, this method emphasizes more on research that has a clear picture and in accordance with the facts in the field. Another method used is, quantitative research method, namely a method known as giving an image of an object through certain analytical techniques. The analysis in this study emphasizes several aspects such as: 1) Aspects of tourism area development; 2) Aspects of architectural visual continuity in regional facades, 3) Aspects of Connectedness Degree, 4) Analysis of regional functions. This research results showed that the 4 aspects mentioned had a strong influence on the design concept of the built area along the cultural corridor and public space in the Kraton Yogyakarta Area.

This paper describes the issues and challenges in safeguarding and protecting the urban heritage in Medan by observing the town heritage of Medan and interviewing the local communities. The Indonesian Law on Cultural Property Conservation number 11 the year of 2010 allows the provincial and local government for the greater representation in managing and conserving their cultural heritage. This paper also discusses the gaps in that current town planning to assist the heritage conservation in Medan. Through a semi-structured interview, field survey and the SWOT analysis, the research found a broad overview of the challenges in heritage conservation in Medan. For example, overlapping duties, lack of clarity regarding jurisdiction and the lack of inter-organization coordination between government agencies that are significant obstacles to meeting the goals of heritage conservation. Another critical problem in Medan is registration and designation. In conclusion, the local government of Medan has paid less attention to the protection of their heritage during the last three decades. Meanwhile, the awareness of the local community at the grassroots increased; however, the concepts of an active role for the community and integrated conservation linked to the town planning are underdeveloped. Therefore, it has also caused the recent heritage conservation program challenging to achieve its objectives.

The paper explores the significance of the Merdeka-Kesawan that is a historic city center Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, it describes the conflicts and potentials outcome of heritage conservation and development interventions by carrying out the observation and the unstructured interview to the local communities. The group discussion meeting was performed to get a consensus on the statement of significance of the area. The Merdeka-Kesawan is the heart of Medan city that up to the date it still has control and organizes the economic activity of the town covering an area of approximately 62 hectares. The pattern of the Merdeka historic area was different from the Kesawan area. Until the late 20th Century, the pattern and townscape have significant changes. Besides, the study highlighted that the Merdeka-Kesawan is losing its character and functionality due to the development plans have much ignored the historic urban landscape. Therefore, it is recommended to the Medan Municipal Government to develop comprehensive planning through historic urban landscape approach. Besides, it needs to improve the level of collaboration between conservation organizations and the local community to achieve the perspective win-win solution. Medan Municipal should develop a Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) collaboration among conservation organizations and the local community to government in fulfilling the dual goals of heritage conservation and development.

Histories mark the making of nations and traditions of a country, nevertheless Indonesia. Artifacts displayed in a museum has to follow recommended guidelines for preservation purposes. Unfortunately, the visual comfort of visitors is often neglected. On the one hand, displayed exhibits require minimal exposure from UV light for preservation, and on the other hand, human eye need a decent amount of brightness to keep their visual comfort. This paper focuses on maintaining overall brightness for artifacts preservation purposes while at the same time, keep the acuity of visitors' visual comfort. Museum Keramik; and Museum Wayang in Jakarta were chosen as case studies in this paper. Lighting intensity towards artifacts will be measured and to be compared with a questionnaire by visitors and respondents. Comparisons of both data will be used to determine the effect of perceived brightness towards the use of lighting throughout the artifacts in the museums. By presenting visual comfort in a museum environment and at the same time preserving the artifacts, a substantial increase in visitors' satisfaction is to be expected.

The facade of the building is the first thing that is visible to potential visitors. In case of restaurants, the facade of the building will give an impression of service, quality, and atmosphere of the restaurant in it so that a restaurant needs something that could represent the concept of the restaurant to be displayed [1]. Restaurants that use heritage buildings as their trading places can be very commercially unique. Generally, they already have concepts that are related to culture and creativity [2]. However, the regulations regarding the adaptation of building functions will still apply to them. For example, the prohibitions in changing the physical structure of buildings which affect the applications of the facade lighting designs, so that artificial lighting in commercial heritage buildings requires special treatment as it must follow the preservation rules. This study aims to analyze the principles and techniques of lighting in restaurant facades of heritage buildings which also accommodate the commercial facade elements. This is a qualitative study based on the survey and interviews with the potential customers. This study uses Café Batavia in Kota Tua area and Tugu Kuntskring Paleis located in Menteng as case studies.

As a city in the north coast of Java, Pekalongan was once a port city for Chinese traders who then settled there and built a settlement. This settlement today has been progressed to a certain point where it shows different characteristics from its original situation. However, this paper examines how and what changes have occurred in Chinese settlement in Pekalongan only from 2012 to 2018. From the identification of changes, ideas are built on how its future development should be. By using a comparative study, the research shows that besides minor changes on demography, the Chinese settlement area has been underdeveloped for some years. Thus, this area requires a concept or development guideline for its sustainable future. One of which could be carried out by utilizing its economic potential as a Batik city.

Tobanesse is a part of Bataknesse that most of them live around Lake Toba. In every area inhabited by Tobanesse, there are some traditional houses that still can be seen today. Batak Toba traditional house is generally full of symbols. The traditional house of Batak Toba was being built not only for shelter but also full of philosophies which become the guidelines of life This research is classified into a study using descriptive research method that is comparative. The research method is being used to review the traditional house of Batak Toba by comparing the traditional house in Huta Raja Samosir and Lumban Binanga Toba Samosir based on theories about Batak Toba traditional house. The benefit of this research is to know about the comparison of Batak Toba traditional house in Huta Raja (Lumban Suhi-Suhi, Samosir) and Lumban Binanga (Jangga Dolok, Toba Samosir). The comparison can be seen based on the parts of the Batak Toba traditional house in both villages. From the results of comparisons made, there are some differences in Batak Toba traditional house in Huta Raja Samosir and Lumban Binanga Toba Samosir.

Maimun Palace is one of the historical heritage buildings for people in Medan City and the object of cultural tourism, which is visited with Nusantara tourists. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of Customer-based Brand Equity, namely Awareness, Image, Quality, and Loyalty towards the tourism destination of Maimun Palace in Medan City, and show the most dominant dimension towards the number of visitors to the tourist site. The method of the data analysis in this study was regression analysis. Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the independent variable, namely Customer-based Brand Equity on the dependent variable, namely the Tourism Destination. Linear regression analysis in this study used SPSS 21 software application. The partial results of the study found that only Loyalty variable was significant towards the tourism destination, while the Awareness, Image, and Quality variables did not significantly influence the tourism destination. The simultaneous research results found that Awareness, Image, Quality, and Loyalty determined significantly towards the tourism goals.

Dalihan Na Tolu' is the central system in every Batak Toba's ceremony. 'Dalihan Na Tolu' as an idea is related to customs as activities and Batak Toba architecture as an artefact. This research is classified into a study using descriptive research method that is explorative. The benefits of this research are knowing about 'Dalihan Na Tolu' system in Batak Toba customs and the relationship between 'Dalihan Na Tolu' and the architecture of a Batak Toba village in Samosir, Huta Raja, located in Lumban Suhi-Suhi, Samosir. This relationship can be seen in the interior and facade of the traditional house in Huta Raja which contains the 'Dalihan Na Tolu' element in it.

Landmark is one aspect of distinctiveness that plays a role in building the image of a place to be easily recognized. Landmark can be religious tourism destinations that have distinctiveness, including the existence of iconic religion buildings. The visually attractive iconic building plays a vital role in promoting the city so that it attracts visitors to come. Landmark aspects include easy to see, easy to identify, contrast with the environment, and accessibility that will always be remembered by tourists. This study aims to examine these four elements of religious tourism in Langkat district. This research uses a mixed-method by conducting field observations and in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data and quantitative data by distributing questionnaires to investigate perceptions of residents. The results showed that easy to identify, contrast and accessibility in religious tourism as a landmark would give memory and impression to local people about the place.

It is impactful for a tourist destination in preserving and activating its local cultural heritage to support tourism development through art and design exhibition. The exhibition event preparation and implementing process, then become a robust aspect in activating the cultural heritage by engaging the stakeholders and delivered benefit to local society. This research examines that art and design exhibition plays a crucial role for the development and sustainability of local tourist destination area, especially that held at architectural heritage site. The method used for this research is collect literature data of local cultural heritage that potential to be explored, fieldwork survey and observation, case study, iterative design, prototyping and collaborative process with local community, MSMEs, and government. The result of this research is the new perspective in preserving the local cultural heritage by activating the architectural heritage site as the location of art and design exhibition. The exhibition itself is the new way of storytelling of the richness of local cultural heritage that expressed through curated collaborative creative products and entertainment of local community, designer and MSMEs in Siak Regency that deliver benefit for the product's competitiveness, cultural preservation, and community welfare that support the tourism development in Indonesia.

Java is an island with the most populous population in Indonesia. With the potential of cultural diversity in Java, creative economic activities on this island need the development. The local wisdom and cultural events are reflecting the creativity of the community and can provide economic value to the community. The physical quality of creative economic spaces that can become generators in some cultural tourism areas does not have functional quality space. To support the preservation of cultural heritage and the development of superior cultural tourism areas, the quality of an excellent creative economic space is necessary. The aim of this study is to identify physical quality of space for creative economic activities or events. The method of this study used a qualitative descriptive method. Results of this study provide an overview that cultural village in Semarang and Banyuwangi have five potential creative economic activities: traditional architecture, culinary, crafts, music, and performing arts. The physical quality of these two creative economic spaces is still limited because of the limited economic capacity of the community in providing the spaces. They are shaping and realizing space with utilizes natural conditions (green open spaces or spaces among tall trees) and local material (bamboo).

Smart Heritage is a relatively new system and management media that initiated by INTACH Heritage Academy (2007) to answer the challenge that addresses the Cultural Heritage Conservation in the Smart City Era by using the advancement of Information Communication Technology (ICT). It has begun to be applied in a city that has implemented the concept of Smart City. This paper discusses whether Smart Heritage is relevant to the issue about sustainable cultural heritage within the scope of Smart City development along with the growth of a millennial generation, because that we are going towards to the Smart era that almost everything is ICT oriented.

Malay House can be identified from the shape, stage, saddle roof, and finials. Malay House roof typologies called Limas, Lontiok, Bagonjong, Kajang, Layar, and Crossbreed. The house also is enriched by ornaments and carved panel with a certain philosophy and meaning. One of unique Malay house is known as Kapitan house at Bagansiapiapi. This house also shows how Chinese house transforms into a unique Malay house. It can be seen from stage, roof, material, and wood ornament used. According to this phenomena, this paper investigates the Kapitan house to understand the meaning of the ornament and preserving Chinese-Malayness at the same time. The qualitative research approach was used to obtain data and information about this house. It is also added with the interview to descendants of the Kapitan. Field data is analyzed by comparison techniques to find variation and meaning of wood carving on the Kapitan house. The finding shows about layout and typologies of wood carving of the house. Usual Malay house ornament such as engraving panel on windows or another carving motif also can be figured on the house. These ornaments are combined with fauna figure usual used in Chinese house but are prohibited in Malay house.

The community of Gurusina kampong built their traditional houses by exploiting the potential of the local natural environment. Currently, timber and bamboo as Sao construction materials tend to be increasingly scarce, which leads to the extinction of Sao and entails to the unknown details by future generations. This paper aims to measure the components of Sao construction from the aspects of material strength and energy consumption based on sustainability principles. The method used is descriptive qualitative by using verbal information and numerical data through interviews and direct measurements so we used Value Engineering Analysis the formula of Kirk & Dell'Isola (1995). The results of the research highlight that the use of timber species of Oja and Fai for the construction of Sao has a longer strength life and contains low energy in terms of building process and transportation compared to other types of material. In anticipating the scarcity of these two types of material and in reviewing the types of timber to be used in spaces other than One, we suggest to use Kelapa timber and Betho bamboo as other renewable materials which are also efficient in terms of energy use and strength.

Interacting styles are constantly modified by new technologies, but life is shaped by common habits. Humans need to share and interact with each other even if the situation changed. The presence of Communication Information Technology (ICT) changed their lifestyle to come together and find out information that happened in the public space. This research aims to determine the effect of public space use due to social media presence. This type of research is quantitative descriptive by using two methods in collecting data. The primary method consists of observations and questionnaires, as well as secondary methods that rely on theory and previous research. The data was analyzed using interpretation analysis. The results of this research indicate that the presence of social media can determine the image of a public space and become a motivation for someone to be present and active in there. The planners are required to be able to develop new innovations so that Merdeka Walk remains interested by visitors.

This present paper discusses the role of cultures in developing friendly city and friendly village based of the cultural approach. It aims at finding the cultural performances as well as local wisdoms which can be applied to develop a friendly city and friendly village. An anthropolinguistic approach is applied to study performances related to (1) cultural building, (2) cultural traditions and (3) cultural brand for friendly city and friendly village. The analytic parameters are interconnection, valuability, and sustainability.

Early childhood education is one of the most important stages in the process of child growth. This program was designed in order to prepare young children for further education at the elementary school stage. However, many early childhood education facilities, mainly public school located in villages still have inadequate facilities, based on data from Early Childhood Education Association. From unfit buildings to inadequate learning facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate and suitable learning tool for children in their early childhood age. A community service project was conducted on an early childhood education facility located in a village in Mauk area. The community service process begins with researching data through observation to the facility, interviews with the people in the area as well expert on early childhood education. Data about children ergonomy is collected. The output is twenty multifunction modular furniture named SALA (Sarana Alas Duduk Anak), that can function as table and chair for students, table and stool for teacher, and can be arranged as stage for school performance. It can be stacked up to 3 modules for space-saving. The design is made in home-based furniture maker near the village and as an effort to support and assisting early childhood education nationally.

Mekar Bakti, a village in Panongan regency, is located beside Citra, a more modern urban housing complex. This contrast engenders a threat to Mekar Bakti, as their more traditional culture and identity are getting eroded as modern culture invades the daily lives of its residents. In a tangible sense, it brings misunderstanding on the function and ownership of the public facilities such as the children playground, as some of the residents think that it belongs to Citra. The reason for this is because there is no strong visible spatial identity on these facilities, and it affects Mekar Bakti resident's perception and sense of belonging towards these facilities. Using Participatory Action Research method, combined with Design Thinking and narrative approach, the design team conducted a research and design solution to this visual identity problem. This method allows both the qualitative aspect (visual innovation) and quantitative aspect (improving social life) to be investigated. In the end, a visual identity based on the culture and local wisdom of Mekar Bakti village residents were created for the public children playground in that village. This strategy and result could be used as a model towards a similar problem in other villages.

As a metropolitan city, Medan has several advantages that support the trading activities. However, these advantages must be underpinned by legal certainty in conducting trade transactions. Measuring instruments serves as the prominent equipment in building mutual trust in business relationships. The instruments are regulated in Law Number 2 of 1981 concerning Legal Metrology (LLM). This study is legal research using a normative legal method. The data were collected from literature and were analyzed qualitatively. The results reveal several problems in the administration of legal metrology. Limited budget, lack of calibration officers, lack of support from local policies in the implementation of services, and insufficient facilities and infrastructure are the current circumstances in almost all regions including Medan. Such condition occurs because of the incomplete issues of competency in the field of legal metrology between the central and local governments after regional autonomy implementation. In conclusion, the overlapping authority between the central and local government resulted in a non-optimal administration of legal metrology in the regions. A synergy between the centralized LLM and decentralized Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Local Government is needed. Thus protection will be achieved in the application of legal metrology services.

The problem of clean water supply is connected to the growth of the human settlement. In the last 20 years, the area of Jabodetabek has grown to become the home of 30 million people. The massive growth changes many rural areas into urban, consequently including the Mekar Bakti village, Panongan regency, Tangerang, where modern development has entered and intervened. This massive change has created problems at the expense of losing local wisdom that is also subjected to clean water preservation and conservation system. The research then tried to use video documentary as a means to preserve the local wisdom of water conservation and as a campaign tool for the community of Mekar Bakti village to retain their already ethical values and systems on conserving clean water. The research conducted using the methods of Participatory Action Research combines with Design Thinking and video documentary methods. It will allow the researcher team to investigate along its quantitative sides as experimental innovations, as well as its qualitative sides as experience and appreciation of participatory endeavors. In a broader sense, the strategy can be used to preserve local wisdom as an exemplary practice aligns with modern development.

In the past 20 years, our deteriorating environment has become a global problem. Sustainable development has become our goals for a better future. In its SDG's 2015-2030, the United Nation has shown that people and the continuity of the environment are integral. Sustainability means that it would provide for the recent generation necessities, without risking the needs of future generations. The research focus is building environmental awareness for the 4^th-grade students of Darussalam Elementary School, Panongan Regency, Tangerang. The propose strategy is by inserting educational comic through their formal Environment Education subject. It is develop through active engagement with the students as well as the teacher and Darussalam school environment using Participatory Action Research combine with Design Thinking methods. The result will be an educational comic that promotes environmental awareness that is connected to the school physical and learning environment. In the same time the comic will sparks the children's imagination and ask them to put their knowledge from the book into action. This strategy of correlate people (the children), place (identity) and use (knowledge and action) is deemed effective in building sustainable environmental awareness for the future generation and has the potential to replicate nationwide.

The rate of migration of Japanese people to Indonesia in 2008 was quite large and because of that many Japanese people living in Indonesia, especially in the capital city, Jakarta. Japanese people who lived in Jakarta can be referred to as Japanese communities because they became local people and did social interactions in the area where they lived. The Blok M area of Jakarta is one of the areas frequented by Japanese people in Jakarta since the 90s. Business people built businesses and industries in the area around Blok M to complement and attract the attention of the Japanese. From Japanese restaurants to the night entertainment industry like karaoke and clubs/bars. Because of this, a lot of Japanese people who often go to Blok M to eat in restaurants or looking for night entertainment. From the cultural side, Blok M has an annual event that has been around since 2010, namely Ennichisai. This Japanese festival is full of Japanese culinary and traditional to modern Japanese shows. This research used Ethnographic research methods and community concepts to examine more deeply about the Japanese community in Blok M. The purpose of this research is to reveal the development of the Japanese community in the Blok M area if viewed through the aspects of business and industry.

This article aims to analyze the history and existence of sampan kajang as the Orang Laut's maritime cultural heritage in East Coast Coast of Sumatra. The results of the research showed that the sampan kajang had existed in the East Coast Coast of Sumatra since the 7^th century AD. The archaeologis findings in the area of Kayu Agung Komering Hilir, South Sumatra showed similarities in the name and shape of the sampan kajang used by the Orang Laut in East Coast of Sumatra that we still can watch now. Before the 1980s, sampan kajang was home to the Orang Laut in living nomadic lives at sea. All activities of family members, like fishing, cooking, eating, sleeping, sexual activity to birth, are carried out on a sampan kajang. But now almost all of Orang Laut the East Coast of Sumatra is dwelling on the land. The integral function of the sampan kajang as their line of life has moved to the stage house in coastal. In the Lingga Archipelago, the sampan kajang is currently only used when they will go bekelam for a short time. Orang Laut Duano in Riau and Jambi, even only remember sampan kajang as a reminder of their ancestors'. Modernization further alienates and obscures the existence of sampan kajang as an endangered identity and cultural heritage of the Orang Laut in the East Coast of Sumatra.

Medan is the third largest city in Indonesia, which has a fast growing city with massive property development such as flats and apartments. In addition to making the development by the prevailing laws and regulations. It must also consider spatial planning and the environmental aspect. Notaries, as public officials authorized to do the authentic deeds, are required to take both legal and moral responsibility for deeds they make. This normative legal research aims at describing the role of the notary as an official in doing authentic deeds associated with the construction of residential apartments in Medan. The results show that there are several problematic apartment buildings in Medan. These exist even though the notary involved from the process of doing a deed to ensure the ownership of the land and building permit to the availability of infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities. As a general official deed maker, a notary must be able to be legally and morally responsible and ready to accept any criminal consequences. Therefore, through the Indonesian Notary Association (INA), notaries must be coached gradually by the notary supervisory board with knowledge and skill in doing authentic deeds and must also be optimally monitored in carrying out their duties and responsibilities as public officials.

Indonesia is a maritime country with 17,508 islands endowed with great fisheries resource. Fishery resource makes Indonesia in a strategic position. Belawan is a port area in Medan. Geographically, the Port of Belawan is the biggest resource for fishing. So Belawan becomes the busiest port in Medan for fish commodity trading and supports the economy of the region. However, illegal fishing in Indonesian waters has a direct impact on the economy, especially fisherman and fish traders in Belawan. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The results show that several issues in handling illegal fishing crime still occur even though Law No. 31 of 2004 already existed and was strengthened by Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Illegal Fishing Crime. This study revealed that there is no difference toward the imposition of penalties against the perpetrators of illegal fishing between "individual" and "corporations". Indonesia still adheres to the system of liability in which corporations act as responsible makers and administrators. The condition does not seem comparable to the effects of crime committed. This illegal fishing crime also has an economic impact on the income of fisherman and local governments, especially Medan, which comes from the fisheries and marine sector.

The information technology development has increased the trading throughout the world. The goods and services trading business use e-commerce to develop marketing strategies, including Medan. In 2018 the community who used the e-commerce in trading as much as 54,68%, but in 2019 it had been increasing become 64,8%. However, the influence of technological advances is increasingly widespread in a variety of potential challenges faced by both business, individuals and society. This present has been an appealing situation to discuss the concept of e-commerce, which can improve the economy. This research uses the prescriptive normative method. The data are legal rules and practices to occur in e-commerce trading of goods and services. This study shows the existence of the seller provide price higher than the market prices, the seller doesn't send the quality goods to the online buyers, and the seller doesn't confirm payments of the online buyers. It makes the negative impact on the consumer confidence to the seller, but also hampering the economic development of society. E-commerce sellers should apply the green marketing concept and conduct the legal marketing responsibility. The implementation of green marketing concept is beneficial not only for customer, but also for the regional development.

Law enforcement on the issuance of Construction Permits that violates spatial planning is needed in revitalizing the spatial planning map. The process of law enforcement often raises new problems in the process of spatial planning implementation. In practice, violations of a spatial arrangement seem to be ignored by government. Result of the legalization was changing the existing spatial planning. The research used juridical-normative by analyzing and reviewing through the legal approach which is carried out by examining all laws and regulations relating to law enforcement issuance of building permits that violate spatial planning in Medan. It can be concluded that Law enforcement for building permits that are not only in accordance with spatial planning but also necessary as a revitalization of spatial plan maps, to be able to comprehensively know what area have been established. Implementation of sanctions according to Perda No. 6 of 2011 concerning Specific Licensing tends to be mild so as not to create a deterrent effect for violators, plus a lack of supervision, and law enforcement resulting in frequent violations.

Every person who commits an unlawful act that results in a loss to another party or another person should be punished by law and provide compensation for the loss it has caused. Although the unlawful act is classified into the realm of criminal law, the resolution may also be done using legal provisions contained in civil law, based on the provisions of Article 1365 of the Civil Code of Republic of Indonesia. Alternative Dispute Settlement in the form of compensation for traffic accidents can be carried-out provided the victim does not experience serious injuries or death. The Indonesian police forces, in general, only facilitate both parties in resolving accident cases. Furthermore, if the case reaches the court level, then the outcome of the peace agreement can still be considered by the presiding judge before he or she delivers a permanent legal decision. In this research, it is shown the effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution in traffic accidents to help law enforcement officers to overcome the backlog in processing cases due to the limitation of resources in the police department especially in the jurisdiction of Sumatera Utara Province.

Gated Community is a private housing area, which originally had a public domain. Areas that were previously accessible, such as roads, open spaces, and parks, are limited by the provision of fences. Gated Community includes several categories in establishing an elite housing. That category includes lifestyle, prestige, and security. The Gated community were divided into several groups, namely large scale groups, medium scale, and small scale. The purpose of the researches is to discover the characteristics and reviewing the preferences of the small scale Gated Community residents in Medan City. The independent variable is the internal and external factor of housing preferences, which contains demographic factors, socio-economic factors, and cultural factors. The dependent variable is the individualistic level of Gated Community residents such as education, income, ethnic, religion, and the age of household. The research methodology is using a quantitative descriptive method, while the data collection method is by using interview and questionnaire approaches. The main goal of this research is to find the housing preference of Gated Community residents which indicate the habitant preferences and characteristic. While according to the researcher, the result may aim towards to more closed environments and more distinct cultures.

Ecotourism is not only as a tourist activity nowadays, but has become an activity that contains economic elements, as well as efforts to conserve natural resources and the environment. In regional development, ecotourism focuses on the quality of physical components, but the emotion of place attachments are not adequately considered. To find out the emotional of place attachments on ecotourism, this research was conducted in the mangrove ecotourism area with data collection techniques, namely field observations which were then supported by the distribution of questioners to the community (50) and tourists (50). The results of this study are perceptions between tourists and the local community about emotional of place attachments to the Sicanang Mangrove Forest Ecotourism.

Social safety and security are vital in everyday life of elderly hood, as its aging process sometimes make them difficult to be independent. The elderly-friendly environment is significant to support their independent daily activities and behaviors. This paper aims to contribute to the concept of a friendly urban environment for elderly people. It explores how elderly people perceive their surrounding social environment, how the social life is conducive enough to motivate their survival to live, and how the physical environment should be set up to contribute social safety and security. The data gathering used depth interviews and behavior setting methods to obtain the elderly's perceptions and inspiration. The elderly's perceptions of the social environment supporting safety and security used JMP 7 software analysis program to get an appropriate formula for setting up friendlier environments. The initial results show that during the aging process, elderly people need prosthetic facilities to care for their continuation of life and to strengthen their motivation to be independent. This intended friendly environment psychologically will imply to their social network.

This research aims to develop strategic planning for rural coffee tourism at Campakamulya Village. Puntang Coffee has successfully become one of the winners in the worldwide coffee competition based on the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA). Campakamulya Village is one of the producers of Puntang Coffee. Coffee as a tourist attraction is one of the key element in rural tourism performance and also as a tool to develop tourism in the area. The PESTLE analysis is used to assess the external factors about rural coffee tourism situation in Campakamulya Village. It also helps to identify factors for developing strategic planning and give conclusions. This research contributes to the community regarding the planning of the rural tourism strategy with an emphasis on coffee as an attraction can contribute to the development of the rural area and integrated approaches to sustainable development.

The Regional Water Company of Tirtanadi in Padang Bulan Branch seeks to provide services to meet the needs of clean water, but on the way, it often gets complaints from the public or customers. Community complaints in obtaining clean water are still an obstacle in PDAM Tirtanadi, especially in the service area of Padang Bulan Branch. This research was carried out useful in the development of the theory especially, about the level of customer satisfaction with the services provided by PDAM Tirtanadi Padang Bulan Branch. Can also provide information or a more real picture, especially about the condition of customer service PDAM Tirtanadi Padang Bulan Branch with satisfaction received by customers so that they find the factors that cause the optimal service provided. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires as many as 400 respondents. From the results of this analysis, the results of the level of service, especially the quality of the smell of clean water, need attention, and the skills of field workers need to be improved.

Medan, as a metropolitan city, has several advantages, such as the strategic location for various economic activities. As the capital of North Sumatra Province, Medan continues to develop by building many infrastructures to support business activities such as airport, seaport, apartments, toll roads, hotels, hospitals, housing properties, and others. Constructing infrastructure in Medan requires a building contract made by a notary public as a general official authorized to make authentic deeds. Construction is the activity of building facilities and infrastructure which includes building construction, civil infrastructure construction, mechanical and electrical installations. An example of the construction work is the establishment of taxiways through the operational cooperation between PT Adi Karya (Persero) Tbk and PT Duta Graha Indah Tbk. This study applies an analytical descriptive approach utilizing a normative legal method. The results show that the implementation of taxiway construction complies with the Joint Operation Agreement between PT Adi Karya (Persero) Tbk and PT Duta Graha Indah Tbk under Law Number 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services applicable for all projects throughout Indonesia, which states that the construction service providers must repair construction failures during the maintenance period.

This study aims to identify the causes of delays of the project, to know the duration of time of completion and critical paths of the project, and acceleration time as well as the cost of Fiber Optic Installation Project on Pre-Sales division at PT XYZ. The research method used is Mixed Method, and the direct interview is used for data collecting method. Furthermore, The analysis methods that are used in this research are Cause and Effect Diagram Method as an analysis tool to identify the factors that cause delays, especially on the service industry. Critical Path Method (CPM) is used to identify which activities are included in Critical Path, which can shorten its duration by using Crashing Project with POM-QM as an analysis tool. The research resulted there are four factors that cause delays which are System, Skill, Supplier, Surrounding. The project can be completed within eighty-one days. The project can also be completed within seventy-eight days within the consideration of additional hours for an hour per day, and acceleration cost added. From the results of this study, the company will able to find out the causes of delays in the service industry that have an impact on project delays.

PT. Dirgantara Indonesia has a high production complexity by producing components for aircraft and aerospace products. The company report from 2016 until 2018 noted that the higher the number of defective products is delayed delivery to the main contractor. this is very detrimental to the company because in addition to getting fined also has to pay shipping costs. To analyze the problem, Seven New Tools are used. Affinity diagrams classify the problems causing defective products can be grouped into six groups. Interrelationship Diagram find out that 'Not strictly monitored' is the main factor. Tree diagrams designate three objectives to be achieved items, namely facing the reward and penalty system, conducting monitoring, and emphasizing on the process and results according to quality standards. The Priority Box determines several needs, namely giving a penalty for the operator, using the checklist in the production, and making a monitoring schedule. The Matrix Diagrams choosing the most important is Training Time and creating a monitoring schedule. Chart of Decision Making Process Programs provides solutions for problems that occur in the field, which are simultaneously monitoring, giving a good understanding of the process, and leadership function. The arrow diagrams provide a critical path for making a monitoring schedule.

People can be motivated when the right factor occurs in their work. As a result, they will work harder and deliver better performance. Being able to achieve optimum work performance is one of the ways to ensure professionals will remain competitive and survive in the construction industry. Thus, this study aims to analyze the most important factors that motivate architects to work in the project delivery process. The assessment of architects' important work motivators was carried out using self-evaluation through a questionnaire survey. There were 131 completed and usable questionnaires received and used for data analysis. A relative importance index (RII) was adopted to rank the relative importance of the architect's work motivation factors. The results revealed that having adequate resources in the process of delivering a project is the most important factor which motivates architects to work. The results can be used as a valuable feedback for the employers of consultant firms as well as the clients that seek to enhance the performance of their key design contributor by providing the appropriate work motivators which can motivate architects to achieve higher performance in building project delivery process.

Quality has been known as one of the triple constraints in the construction industry. This indicator tends to be used for measuring professionals' performance in the industry, including design professionals such as architects. Therefore, achieving the highest quality is one of the design professionals' goals to ensure a successful project. Thus, this study aims to identify attributes that can be used to analyze the extent of design professionals' work quality in the building project delivery process. This study used a quantitative method by using questionnaire survey for data collection. There were 191 completed questionnaires received from design professionals in Indonesia. Data analysis in this study includes factor analysis, reliability analysis, and descriptive analysis. The results identified that design professionals' work quality in project delivery process could be measured using two components, namely design quality and quality assurance which previous studies have overlooked. The findings of this study can provide as a literature basis for evaluating design professionals' work quality in the process of delivering the project which can serve as a valuable feedback for the clients as well as the employers of the consultant firms to identify the extent of their design professionals' work quality.

Environmental permission, according to the law on Living Environmental Management and Protection act no. 32 the year 2009 about protection and environment management (Undang-undang tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup) is a condition to obtain business permission and/or activity. This analytical descriptive normative juridical study revealed the regulation of legislation related to environmental permission concerning the reinforcement of administrative sanction and criminal sanction. The data obtained were analyzed through certain legal norms stated in the regulation of legislation. The result of this study depicted that permission was the written document issued by the government. The form of the decision of state administration as legal evidence stating that an individual or a legal entity is permitted to run a business or specific activity to protect and manage the living environment. Our present study suggested that the reinforcement of environmental law was carried out under-one-roof management to materialize an integrated licensing system. The reinforcement of administrative sanction may play a more optimal role in preventing the worse environmental pollution or damage and the violation of environmental permission.

Central goverment intervention in regional development is an important element in both national as well as regional development. It is involve a series of mechanisms that enable local government to handle their region to be develop and to create welfare for their society. The structure of local government have been divided to provincial goverment and district/city, the efectiveness of development and public services at local level not very satisfy and not fulfill the needs of the people. It is realize that the central government has a large role to play not only in the national interest but also at provincial and district/city levels. This study will review the structure of local government in Indonesia, in order to find effective institutional arrangement at local level. This study will use qualitative approach through literature review from the experience of Indonesian since independent and the experience of others countries.

In managing the residential property, the role portrayed by a management body is essential to ensure every problem faced solved with the excellent outcome. Therefore, this paper will identify the problems faced by management based on housing performance indicators in managing high rise residential building. The semi-structured interview was conducted with six executive or managers in exploring the problems occurred from the management perspective. The result revealed that there are many problems and complaints received by management such as design and plumbing issue, delay maintenance work, inadequate public facilities, incompetent security and the defaulter's issue. The cooperation between the management team and the residents is compulsory in lessening the problems to establish the excellent condition of high-rise residential building.

Suburban area as a part of the structure of urban space where sub-urban areas are an important part of creating urban space. Its own characteristics due to being a transition area from city to village and has quite complex activities. One of the sub-urban livelihoods is agro-industry or agriculture. The variables in this study are morphology elements of settlements, factors that influence the formation of morphology and agroindustry, and various other indicators related to variables. The objective of this paper is to examine the characteristics of agroindustry area and find the factors that influence the formation of rural settlements. The research can provide a reference for optimizing land use in rural settlements. In this stud, the researcher used a qualitative and quantitative method. Data collection methods are recording what events were in the field carried out by informing when interviewed and observed to obtain good results and support accurate and reliable research results. The data will be processed using the SPSS method to get the required results and become integrated results. From the result, it is expected that rural settlements need more attention to improve the environments and public services. They are improving the quality of harmonious relations between urban and rural areas through agro-industry activities.

Mangroves are recognized as plants growing in the intertidal zone. The early of mangroves growth was affected by environment salinity. This study was purposed to determine the effect of salinity and subsequent freshwater on the growth of Bruguiera cylindrica. The study was conducted in a greenhouse for three months using a salinity of 0%, 0.5%. 1.5%, 2%, 3% as many as 10 repetitions. After three months, the seedlings were divided into two treatment groups another three months. Five repetitions were continued with various salt concentration, and five replications underwent freshwater re-adaptation. Parameter measurement used was height seedling, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, and wet weight and dry weight (leaf, root, and stem) B. cylindrica seedlings. According to the growth parameter of seedlings, B. cylindrica showed the best growth at 0.5% and 0.5% to 0%. The higher salinity could inhibit B. cylindrica seedlings.

The reduced area of mangrove forests due to various pressures required rehabilitation activities throughout the damaged area of mangrove forests. Rhizophora mucronata is one of the plants in the mangrove ecosystem that has stilted roots to stand the ocean waves. It is necessary to provide R. mucronata seedlings in mangrove rehabilitation. This study aims to determine the best shade intensity for root growth of R. mucronata seedlings. This research was conducted in the nursery of Jaring Halus Village, Langkat, North Sumatra, during three months cultivation. This research used the utterly random design with five treatments, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of shading, for ten replications. The results showed that 0% shade intensity had a better growing number of primary and secondary roots and root length than the others of shade intensity. In this study, it is also estimated that the spacing planting of R. mucronata seedlings was better at 3 x 2 meters for rehabilitation activity.

The production process at PT. Florindo Makmur the operator manually raised 400 sacks during 1 work shift. The sack weight is 25 kg and the number of workers is 5 workers. The problem is that there is a workload on activities at packing stations that have an impact on operator health and safety. Based on the background described, there is a workload that results from a poor work posture which results in complaints from operators. The improvements are needed with the Ergonomics approach. Based on data processing and problem-solving analysis, activities carried out by operators on the production floor using manual methods result in complaints of the pain of the body section. Improvements after measurements of REBA are needed as soon as possible to improve work posture. The work facility that will be designed is an ergonomic hand truck that can ease the work at the packing station. The height of the hand truck is adjusted based on the operator's standing elbow height which is 79cm because the operator can reach the right and left parts. The hand truck is also equipped with wheels.

The Lawe Pakam Sub-watershed, Mardingding Sub-district, Karo Regency is the upstream area of the watershed. It is dominated by protected forests, which will result in significant natural disasters in the watershed downstream such as flash floods, landslides, and drought. The objectives of this study were to analyze the criticality level of land and its changes. The research method used was the critical land spatial analysis with primary data from 2019, to make comparison of secondary data from 2013 sourced from BPDAS Sei Wampu Ular to find out the changes in the critical land, and to have field examination. The results demonstrtated changes in the critical land. The criticality level of the land in Lawe Pakam Sub-watershed, Mardingding District in 2013 was categorized into very critical covering an area of 2,155.47 Ha, critical 4627.93 Ha, rather critical 6,019.72 Ha, criticallyl potential 2,307.35 Ha and not critical 3,788.04 Ha, whereas that of in 2019 was categorized into very critical covering an area of 8,014.23, critical 1,226.77 Ha, rather critical of 8,462.19 Ha, potentially critical of 268.87 Ha and not critical at 926.44 Ha. The results showed that changes in the criticality level of the land were caused by changes in the land cover. it is recommended that the critical land be rehabilitated, especially that of in protected forest areas.

The Mall is a shopping center that focuses on a department store consisting of retail and restaurants with the shop typologies facing a corridor that serves to connect all shops. Generally, a mall has three floors or more and has various human activities inside. Fire Protection System is a system consisting of equipment, supplementary, and facilities in building to protect the building and their environment against fire disaster. Fire Passive Protection System can prevent mortality and fatal damage to the building so that the security and safety of the mall users will be more secure. Evacuation is a way to survive from the dangers that happened around so that the components to support evacuation must be well maintained. The observation method is used to determine the effectiveness of the evacuation path based on the speed of evacuation of the user and to determine the current condition. The simulation method uses Arena software that is used to determine the speed of evacuation of occupants (in this case, Case Study: Palladium Mall). The final results of this study are in the form of recommendations for the design of evacuation lines that are optimal for fire protection in buildings.

Fire disaster is one of disaster that causes many losses to many parties both material and life losses. As the Indonesian population increases, housing and residence also continue to increase as well. However, limited areas and uneven population growth cause uneven development of housing. Many developments are done without considering the residence comfort and safety, so they are very vulnerable to disaster. Fire passive protection system is one of the building protection from the danger of fires. Tegal Sari II Mandala Medan is one of the densely populated housing area that continues to grow in Medan. As the housing keeps growing, this area needs a fire protection system that meets standards. This study aims to evaluate the effectivity level of passive protection systems in a housing area with a case study in Tegal Sari II Mandala, Medan City. The data analysis method that is used is a descriptive qualitative method by describing the physical data from the residential environment, which is being observed. Then, the collected data is evaluated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method. The result of the study designs that are more protective of the danger of fires in the environment and buildings.

Urban kampung is an urban settlement with a community that indicates the characteristics of "vulnerability" and adaptability at the same time. The vulnerabilities of their existence rely from internal and external pressures which consist of chronic stresses (the community's limitations to fulfil their daily needs) and acute shocks (sudden threats that emerges from outside the community). Simultaneously their vulnerabilities are strengthened by community-based adaptations as a respond of kampung residents towards these pressures. This paper discusses spatial adaptations done by residents of Kampung Muka, North Jakarta as a respond to limitation of clean water provision and sanitation facilities. We utilize qualitative methods consist of site observation along with an interview with the locals. We employ Resilience Assessment as a guiding tool to investigate vulnerabilities, adaptations, and resilience of urban kampung. This guide incorporates the adaptive cycle model to study how the system changes over time, following a pattern of four phases which incorporate both long-term and short-term challenges in the context of water infrastructure from the historical and current point of view. Adaptive capacity shown in urban kampung indicates potential resilience in their community, which could be developed and implemented in a larger urban scale.

Deli Indah Estate is located on Jl. Deli Indah II, Medan was built in 1976. In this housing complex, there are many commercial functions such as schools, markets, and others. This housing is close to various public facilities, making it easier for residents to carry out their activities. There is an interesting thing in this Deli Indah Estate, the housing is integrated with the commercial function (public space), which is the market. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of visitors, activities carried out by users of public spaces and finding elements forming public spaces that are applied to public housing spaces (markets). In process of collecting data, researchers conducted observations and distributing questionnaires to visitors. The variables that will be used in this study are the characteristics of visitors, types of activities in open public spaces and elements that form good public spaces. After collecting all data, this data will be analyzed using descriptive analysis method. From the results of data analysis, researchers will describe the characteristics of users of public space, user's activities in public housing spaces, and elements that form a public space that is applied to public housing spaces (markets).

Humans in their lives will not be separated from social interaction and the place interact is public space. The density of a city due to development has limited public space existence. Public space in private housing is a place for social interaction of urban residents. One of the public space is the corridor. Public space itself has a variety of characteristics, there are many activities that occur in the public space and users of public spaces are important to be discussed. There are three variables in this study, that are: elements that is forming public space (comfort and image, access and linkage, uses and activity, socialibity), typology of activities (important activities, optional activities, social activities), and elements activities (street vendors, parking, pedestrians). The method used for this study is a qualitative-descriptive method. This method is carried out by observation, documenting and sketching, and illustrating its mapping with behavioral mapping, then conducting interviews with users and visitors. All data obtained will be processed and summarized in descriptive writing. The results of this study indicate that public space activities in housing become a place of choice or activity for residents of housing and residents outside the housing.

Travel to rural areas provides a different experience for tourists by offering a lifestyle in rural areas. One of them is by providing an experience of staying with the villagers (homestay). However, the demands of tourists for homestay facilities will affect the behavior and habits of the village community. How the adaptability of both parties changes the current behavior and lifestyle so that it can impact the design of facilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the changes in behavior and lifestyle of both parties to initiate the design of tourist facilities in the homestay to meet the requirements of tourist attractions. The theories, a survey, and observation conducted were supported by literature reviews with a particular focus on existing facilities in the homestay. The study results have shown that behavioral and lifestyle adaptations from both parties make a positive contribution to initiate a proper design in a homestay by tourist standard.

Home-Based Enterprise is a business that relies on households [1]. With the existence of dual-function at home, both economic and domestic activities that are mutually mixed will ultimately affect the interiority of its inhabitants. In Indonesia, HBE is one of the implemented business entities, and many of them are engaged in the creative economy sector, one of which is Batik production. The Case Study was one of the HBE houses batik in the Trusmi Cirebon area. In Trusmi, there are many batik artisans use their homes as places to produce batik. The process of Batik Tulis has many process stages and requires considerable space for each stage. The question of this research is what kind of interior adaptation implemented in balancing domestic and economic activities, which is batik creating. This research also identifies the factors that influence the applied adaptations at HBE. The author takes a sample of a house that carry out Batik Tulis production, which involves many processes that occur in one house. In the discussion, the effects of the stages of the batik process on space adaptation applied by the occupants of the house to balance economic and domestic activities will be identified.

The international oil palm plantation business, there are two well-known certifications, namely the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). They are both certifications of oil palm plantations that adhere to sustainable and environmentally sound principles, the former being mandatory while the latter being voluntary. The obligation of ISPO is regulate by the Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No. 19 of 2011 concerning Guidelines for Sustainable Oil Palm Plantation in Indonesia. The ISPO certification required by the Government to be obtained by oil palm plantation companies can contribute to all stakeholders. ISPO certification allows oil palm plantation companies to export CPO to the Southeast Asian market, Medan being the connecting satellite city. There are several head offices of oil palm plantation companies in Medan which contribute in the form of levies and export taxes. Also, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program is conduct in the Medan region. Every oil palm plantation company under ISPO certification must be audit for its compliance, including the implementation of the CSR Program. The increase in CPO exports originating from oil palm plantation companies in Sumatra can indirectly turn the wheels of the economy Medan. Locally-generated revenue increases with licensing fees from the head offices of plantation companies in Medan.

We reviewed the state of the art on gated community development, property valuation, and value capture literature to discuss how gated housing serves as a mechanism for land value capture by developers. Land value capture, instead of measures such as urban fears and segregation, justifies developers' action to build impenetrable walls around their residential development projects. Previous works on housing markets in JMR suggests that housing products tend to be overpriced. We found early indications that enclosing physical boundaries on housing projects were positively correlated to residential price growth in Jakarta Metropolitan Regional (JMR). We used a study case embedded design for this initial research with mixed analysis data method. Our results show and argue that the real estate developers' motive to install walls and gates in their residential projects is to enhance the existing land value. The ratio of land value on housing inside the gated area is 1,5 up to 7 times more higher than the surrounding area outside the gate. Our study helps to develop an understanding of the motive behind the gating trends in housing development projects. All of the information is substantially useful to help public sector working on managed residential land sustainably.

The close link between neighbourhood parks and people's physical and mental health is widely acknowledged. However, most neighbourhood parks were developed without consulting park users. As a result, many parks were deserted and not well utilised. While there is an increased interest in neighbourhood park research, little is known on the park use patterns among children. The main aim of this paper is to explore the park use patterns – or type of activities – that children perform at neighbourhood parks. Children in Alazizeyyah neighbourhood in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were chosen as participants. The data were collected through children's drawings and oral descriptions. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that children engage more in active park use, in which swinging, family gathering and sliding are the top park use patterns among children in the study area. The results suggested the dual-roles of neighbourhood park – to promote physical and mental health among children and to encourage social ties among family members and friends. The results imply the importance of considering child-friendly environment in the development of neighbourhood parks to increase park visitation and use and subsequently, improve health and wellbeing.

Minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has become a priority in campus around the world. For example Trisakti University in Jakarta, Indonesia, is currently developing green campus. In developing a green campus, the identification of the existing problem becomes necessary. One aspect of that problem is of GHG emission. Carbon Footprint (CFP) is an indicator of how much GHG emission produced in a campus.. We use six sources of emission to estimate CFP of a campus, i.e., fuel usages (Scope-1), electricity, air conditioning (Scope-2), commuting, wastes, food and other materials (Scope-3). From the data collected at Campus A of Trisakti University in 2018, the total CFP in the campus is 999,571.60kgCO2eq/month. From the total CFP, 84.47% (844,325.52 kgCO2eq/month) derives from Scope-3 consisting mainly of CFP produced from commuting process (53.38 %). With the development of Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Phase-2, we expected the students and the staff, as well as the faculties of Trisakti University will change their mode of transportation from using a private vehicle to using MRT and will eventually decrease the CFP of Scope-3 from 84.47% to 76.97%. Whereas, we propose a five-year plan for Scope-1 and Scope-2 in terms of reducing CFP into 26.22% from the total of CFP at Campus A of Trisakti University in 2018.

The increase in population and economy as a whole has an impact on the urban and regional growth patterns, through the development of settlements, infrastructure, and other supporting activities. The city on the small island also experiences the same pattern, particularly in the city appointed as one of the national strategic areas. Uncontrolled and sporadic growth pattern will cause serious effect on environmental degradation. Sabang, nationally announced as a strategic special zone, located on a small island with land-use dominated by forests, natural topography, mountains, and hills. One effort to maintain the environment due to the development growth is to optimize the catchment areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the recharge area, which would be a consideration in planning the spatial pattern of Sabang. The factors reviewed in this study are rainfall, slope, land-use, and soil conditions. Scoring techniques were used to measure the value of these factors. Furthermore, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to identify the recharge areas and to overlay both raster and vector data. The result shows that the potential area as the recharge areas is 63.8% of Sabang (7,873.67 ha), which includes forest areas, mangrove beaches, housing, green open spaces, terrestrial nature reserves, mixed plantations, industrial estates, tourism, trade and services, landslide-prone areas, river areas and beaches, and reservoirs. The finding indicates that there is the need to review the land-use plan to be ecologically compatible, particularly in the so-called eco-sensitive zones where the recharge areas are necessary.

Conservation of the availability and guarantee of water quality from the spring is indispensable. One of the company as a provider of raw water in Surabaya made several efforts in maintaining the balance between quality and availability of water for sustainability . One method that can be used in aquifer monitoring of springs is the 2D Resistivity method. This study aims to describe the two-dimensional subsurface aquifers of Durensewu and Karangjati springs. The inversion result of 2D resistivity data shows the constituent rocks in the research area in the form of clay, sand, and loam clay with resistivity value 50-150 Ohm.m where sand rocks are identified as aquifer rocks at depths of 2-7 meters and a thickness of about 2-5 meters. The aquifers of Durensewu and Karangjati water sources are shown to have different systems. Escherichia coli contamination from domestic waste found in Durensewu springs is caused by aquifer connected to surface water flow, but not found in Karangjati spring.

Indonesia has released its pledge on reduction Green House Gases (GHGs) emission. The mitigation action includes increasing the renewable energy utilizations. Solar rooftop is one of the potential mitigation actions to meet the GHG emission reduction and renewable energy target. In this work, techno and economic analysis on the solar roof top presented. The analysis is made based on the solar irradiation in Medan city of Indonesia. The solar irradiations for several days are measured. The measured data and solar photovoltaic panel available in Indonesia market are used to perform technical analysis. Based on the technical analysis the economic analysis is carried out. The results are expected to supply the necessary information to build a city with low emission.

A friendly city must be developed with low carbon emission to make it also friendly for climate change. Solar energy resource is abundantly present around the roof. Solar roof top is a promising application to build a friendly city. In this work, a preliminary test of solar roof top in Medan city of Indonesia is carried out. Eight Solar PV modules are installed on the roof of a building in Medan. The specifications of each module are as follows. The rated power and Voltage are 250Watt peak and 30.5 Volt, respectively. The dimension and the weight of each module are 160 mm × 992 mm × 35 mm and 19 kg, respectively. The solar irradiation, voltage and current are measured and recorded. The performances of the system are discussed.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), known as plastic, is the most widely used product in the world today. However, the increase in the amount of imperishable plastic waste is a concern today. Repurposing of plastic waste in useful products such as concrete appears as an alternative in the construction industry. This paper's main objective is to explore the performance of thermal properties in concrete by incorporating waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as an aggregate in a concrete mix. Other than reducing energy usage in buildings, reusing waste PET should introduce an improvement in friendly waste management. Laboratory experimental analysis was done by measuring the parameters of thermal conductivity on four types of concrete design mix which includes 0% PET, PET 5%, PET 15% and 25% PET in concrete block. Finally, an implementation of a sustainable approach to these new concrete materials; the obtained results highlight their mechanical properties of enhancement in thermal property, which reduces heat gain and achieve better thermal insulation compared to a traditional concrete mixture with a similar application of test type. This implementation has been proved to optimize efficient thermal performance towards sustainable building material.

Government of DKI Jakarta build a vertical residential in West Jakarta, i.e. Daan Mogot Area of Green Low-Cost Apartment (Rusunawa) which is an area where the green concept is applied to the entire development infrastructure as an approach design in order to obtain the quality of comfort for occupants without neglecting the environmental sustainability. This research aims to find out if the Green Area of Daan Mogot Low-Cost Apartment (Rusunawa) in West Jakarta can be an effort to realizing a sustainable built environment. The method use is quantitative methods by interview that use random sampling technique as much as 40 respondents representing 8 blocks of apartments that including three aspects such as environmental aspects, economic and social foundation of the cultural. Assessment of sustainability standards in the Green Area of DaanMogot Low-Cost Apartment (Rusunawa) in West Jakarta still must be upgraded to be able to reach the maximum value of the sustainability of the built environment through the socialization, which is expected to be a pilot project area of Green Building in Jakarta as well as being the main reference and basis for stakeholders who will build other buildings, especially vertical occupancy in order to realizing a sustainable built environment.

The degradation of cognitive function (memory) is one of the senile symptoms. The elders with age over 60 years old have a higher risk of having this disease. A design approach that can fulfill these needs is called biophilic design. The biophilic design gives a sustainable design strategy that considers the relationship between human and natural environment. The biophilic design aims to create a natural-based habitat by integrating nature with natural materials as well as natural shape into space. This research aimed to find how biophilic design could help to improve the elder's memory in Sasana Tresna Werdha. An Instrument used in this research was 43 biophilic design assessment instrument points, which were developed based on 14 biophilic design patterns to identify the presence of biophilic design quantitatively. To measure the elder's memory, this research used The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) table. This research conducted for 1.5 months. The biophilic design could affect the decrease in dementia level in elders with ages ranging from 60-85 years old that located in STW Ria Pembangunan, Cibubur. It will be a great implementation in any building function to improve the human's quality of life, in this case, is increasing human memory.

Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world, around 87.2% of its population are Muslim. Mosque, as the center of Muslim activities, has important roles for Muslim's physical and social aspects. Therefore, it causes a massive addition of mosque buildings in Indonesia. Mosques are mostly built in spacious areas that increase the possibility of extravagance in lighting. This study explores the different types and configuration patterns of artificial lighting to be applied in the different shapes of mosque ceiling and how they relate to energy efficiency. Using the software simulation DIALux, this study aimed to find the best artificial lighting types and configuration patterns that possible for most efficient energy in terms of its illuminance distribution quality. Al Musyawarah Mosque, al Falah Mosque and Sunda Kelapa Mosque in Jakarta are the sample chosen for this study. Those mosques were chosen because their ceiling shapes represent the shape of Indonesian mosque ceiling in general: dome, pyramid and flat-shaped ceiling. As the result, a basic guideline for efficient lighting configuration in different shaped ceiling mosques is proposed.

Child protection is the obligation of state parties that ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), including Indonesia. As consequences, the Indonesian government at each level, through national to village level should implement it. Since 2006, Child-Friendly City (Kota Layak Anak/KLA) is a strategy to implement child protection. In 2018, Medan received the KLA award under Pratama Category. This paper will discuss the KLA as a strategy to protect children in Medan. There is a question; does the KLA synchronize with the Child Protection System (Sistem Perlindungan Anak) or well known as SPA? This research question is answered by using the SPA approach, namely Norm, Structure and Program (NSP). Furthermore, it also answered through lesson learns of KLA implementation in one province in Indonesia. As results, first, KLA is in accordance with the SPA which consists of five elements. Secondly, using SPA is effective in South Sulawesi Province to fulfill KLA indicator, which consists of 5 Child Rights clusters. It can also be applied in North Sumatra province as well as in Medan City. As a recommendation, Medan must use SPA approach to be a Child-Friendly City in providing child protection right.

Merdeka Square, where National Monument stand, is the pride of Indonesia citizen. Many festivals or "Pesta Rakyat," such as nation ceremonies, religious events, and New Year's Eve have been held there as determined by government regulations. There are 249 events, including festivals, that were held in year 2018 (source: Utilization of National Monument Area data). Unfortunately, they often cause environmental damage particularly on Taman Monas, the park where vegetation dominates the area. Thus, it charged initial atmosphere and function of the square and restricts people flexibility to spend their leisure time or recreation in there. In the meantime, vegetation refinement takes time. Their recovery depends on the level of damages of the plaza. With the data shown descriptively collected from the results of observations and interviews, this study focuses on Taman Monas resilience, mainly based on the vegetation, which happened due to the festivals. The purpose of this study is to know Taman Monas, as recreation space, resilience on vegetation in the way to response festival or Pesta Rakyat.

Physical urban conditions are interrelated with urban individuals in urban's life. If the urban's condition is out of tolerance, individuals in urban areas can feel stressed (Rishi and Khuntia, 2012). Facing that, humans need a place to reduce stressful feelings –by doing activities in the cafe as a third place (Oldenburg, 1989). "Experienced Selling" is the priority in creating cafes with specific design, it can provide customer satisfaction (Agarwal, 2009). Psychologically humans have a strong tendency towards nature according to the concept of Biophilia (Wilson, 1984). In response to these human needs, Kellert (2013) introduced biophilic design as an application of the concept of biophilia in design. Biophilic design is an attempt to understand the understanding of human interest inherent in dealing with natural systems and processes into the design of the built environment (Heerwagen, et al., 2013). With the application of biophilic designs in cafes, it is assumed that the café's visitors will stay longer. This research aims to determine the influence of biophilic design applications to visitor's duration of stay in café by examining biophilic patterns applied, type of activity and visitor's duration of stay in Semusim coffee garden and Brownstones coffee in Bintaro.

Sustainable transportation planning is one indicator of measuring green campus. The transportation system has an influence on CO2 emissions in the campus environment. Transportation policy plays a crucial role in managing the number and type of vehicles that are allowed on campus. This study aims to analyze transportation planning within the campus that supports the application of the green concept on campus based on the perception of students as users. The use of campus buses and bicycles by students may help to realize the green campus. Planning interconnected buildings and corridors is part of transportation planning. The research method is quantitative with descriptive analysis. The study was conducted at the Universitas Sumatera Utara with 100 students as respondents. Universitas Sumatera Utara has campus buses and campus bicycle used by students every day. The results of the study indicate that the campus must have interconnected pedestrian lane between buildings and provide rewards to campus bus and bicycle users. Excellent transportation planning supported by campus management can help realize a green campus.

According to the United Nations Environment Programme, buildings account for nearly half of the world's energy expenditures, 40% of greenhouse gas emissions, 25% of the earth's potable water, and, in developed countries, over 20% of all solid waste generated (including food waste, yard waste and unrecycled materials). Reuse of used materials as one of the building materials is becoming a global trend in the world of architecture. It aims to minimize the damage to nature when producing new materials. The Microlibrary Bima is one example of a building that reuses plastic as a building facade. The writing of this thesis aims to understand how plastic material can be suitable as a building facade. This paper presents an analysis of case studies in library interior spaces with a focus on plastic material as building facades. This thesis demonstrates a design approach in terms of material and the presence of building facades. This study explores the use of plastic material in building facades.

Development after the 2004 tsunami in Aceh province included the relocation of housing to disaster-safe areas, and the community can continue their lives, especially in the northern and western coastal regions of Aceh. A few years after the tsunami that damaged the beach, there was a change in the physiography of the coast (growing land), so that people returned to their original activities. This paper aims to describe the changes in the management of the area and patterns of community living that adapt to changes in coastal physiography in a sustainable manner. This discussion is essential, related to the new knowledge needed as a reference for post-disaster settlement development so that the synergy between national policies and local wisdom. The Approach of the studies is interpretative phenomenological research with case studies in Gampong Saney, Lhoong sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The research method is in the form of qualitative inquiry by describing the symptoms of residence (location of housing, place of livelihood activities) and interpreting it on aspects of community life, the natural environment, and regional development factors. The results showed that relocation housing was located on a dynamic, ecologically developed hill. Regional infrastructure development has a perspective on local disaster and wisdom. Society is more sensitive to natural changes and seeks to empower. The old life is slowly reawakening to adjust to the current conditions. The observation concludes that there is a change in the pattern of settlement space, which is oriented back to the sea, and economic activity becomes more diverse between land and sea. Disasters that change the coast's physiographic have increased the diversity of natural resources and made more effectiveness to village spatial arrangements that improve the sustainability system of community life.

In many developing cities, like Medan, the state of public transportation is considered inadequate and limited to paratransit, locally known as 'angkot.' While advanced mass transit systems are still far in the future, improving the paratransit is arguably the most plausible supporting solution at the moment. Paratransit users in Medan have reported to our study that reliability is one of their sources of disappointment. Technological development nowadays should ease the problem through the quality of real-time information provision. In this preliminary study, we conducted surveys to explore users' perspective and desire for transit information services. Questionnaire responses from 350 tech-savvy users were collected from several centers of activity and terminals. It is as expected that most respondents experienced uncertainty using the current paratransit, and acknowledged the importance of having information services. Further result shows the user's high expectancy towards information related to fleet location and arriving time estimation. In general, users were willing to use information services if provided regardless of the additional costs. This preliminary study gives a meaningful view of the opportunity to improve public likeness to this local paratransit service. This research is part of research on perception and preference of paratransit user on real-time information provision.

The subdistrict of Koja, North Jakarta is one of the settlement areas which is densely populated. The high-density level leads to poor environmental quality, especially in terms of cleanliness and sanitation that finally disturb residents' health, such as suffering dengue fever in early 2019. The method of writing used in this study was based on a community empowerment program that focuses on social interventions, in the form of increasing the capacity of citizens in maintaining environmental hygiene and sanitation. The aim of this program was to form an independent community that is aware of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and environmental sanitation. Social interventions are actions that carried out by a person or group of intervening people with efforts to cause change. The stages that have to be done in the empowerment process are the Stage of Awareness and Formation of Behaviour, the Stage of Transformation and the Stage of Intellectual Ability Upgrading. The results of those stages can slowly provide a forum for the implementation of some materials in the previous workshop, so that they can directly apply it to create a Clean and Green environment in urban areas.

The dominance of economic values in the tourism development has caused the decline of other important values, thus make the application of sustainability concept is crucial. As part of Indonesia's priority destinations, this concept is also needed to be applied in Samosir Island. In other hand as a tourism destination, a place must have distinctiveness to differentiate it from other places because tourism is fundamentally a recreational product based on place phenomenon. The research is a study of the value of uniqueness on the environmental elements of sustainable tourism in Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research used mixed methods where questionnaires were distributed to 105 respondents, field observation was conducted, and in-depth interviews were held with six key informants. The result shows that the existence of the traditional building has a great influence towards the physical integrity of the tourist while the diverse cultural activities in the areas required appropriate strategies in enhancing and supporting the environmental elements of sustainable tourism.

Is it possible to apply a multiscale approach to implement a really green and sustainable revitalization of historical settlements? Is there a strategy to link the needs of social innovation and responsible touristic use of inner territories? How can we support territories that require strategies for intervention and tourism development capable of enhancing the geographical characteristics of places, environmental factors and understanding of economic and social values? This paper presents the experience of ViViMed international research project to implement sustainable tourism activities in Tuscany Region as driver of new opportunity to develop a new story-telling of the hinterland territories, stimulating the networking of natural, architectural and cultural resources to build a successful tourist experience for new scenarios of green and social innovation. The experience of Albergo Diffuso was implemented in two inner villages, Guinadi and Seggiano, stimulating a deep involvement of local communities to define different scenarios of services and network, testing new and traditional bioclimatic technologies for green rehabilitation.

A museum is a place where we can learn about the culture of a place. Museums rely on their exhibition display to communicate its content. Museum exhibition displays mostly use visual media in communicating its information; they store their collections inside glass boxes, use LED screens, visual projections, and so on. Then how museums can be adapted to be more inclusive to blind visitors who lost their sight? This paper investigates the museum exhibition display, that took place in Bank Indonesia Museum, in its ability to give information to blind visitors. The author observed the existing of Bank Indonesia Museum Exhibition to know what kind of display that they use. Furthermore, to acknowledge if the exhibition can give information for blind visitors, the author experienced visiting the exhibition as a blind visitor. Lastly, the author analysed if it is inclusive and informative or not based on the theories. Based on the studies that have been done by the author, museum exhibition display has to provide medias that can help blind visitors get the information provided such as audio and touch medias, considering the ability of blind visitor to get information from hearing and touching.

Experiencing space holds an important role in shaping one's perception in interpreting the meaning of a space. Humans interpret spatial experiences differently, depending on their bodily experience and the senses that are included. However, for independent wheelchair users, the difference in experiencing space may be more obvious. Liebergesell et.al.[1], and Stafford [2] stated that the way wheelchair users see space is driven by their efforts to be able to mobilize easily so that accessible space becomes essential The objective of this study is to examine the role of mechanical and psychological obstacle according to wheelchair users in the public transitional space. The difficulties found by wheelchair users result a worrying spatial experience. This study uses qualitative methods with direct observation and firsthand experience. The findings of this study show that the intensity of mechanical obstacles is linear with the psychological obstacles, and both of them cause certain emotional response that determines the spatial experiences according to wheelchair users. The findings of this study can help understand the role of obstacles that might reduce the ease of access and potentially produce an unpleasing impression of public space according to wheelchair users to create inclusiveness in urban space.

Samosir Island is one of tourism destination in Indonesia and there was an increasing of coffee shop number. This research tries to investigate how much financial profit received by coffee shop if it use biogas as a new energy source. This research had been conducted from April to June 2018. Research parameter were production costs, income, revenue, Benefit Cost Ratio, Revenue Cost Ratio, Return On Investment, Break Even Point, and identify opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses by SWOT analysis to identify whether the community of Samosir is willing to use biogas. The results of financial analysis namely production cost IDR 1,964,500; income of IDR.4,360,000; revenue of IDR. 2,303,000; B/C (%) was 79.7; R/C (%) was 151; ROI (year) of 1.6; BEP Price was IDR. 5,302; BEP Production of 361 glass. By SWOT Analysis it was known that development strategies are taken place include socialize biogas technology, benefits of biogas on energy, fertilizer and soil quality to the community, benefits of biogas in saving fuel purchases and providing biogas stock devices on biogas group. The result showed that biogas was worthy of being used as a new energy source on the coffee shop business on Samosir Island.

Indonesia is known as the biggest crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. The fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are processed in the mill to produce CPO and Palm Kernel as the main products. The process consumes significant amount of energy, water and raw materials and also produces many wastes and emissions. In this study the potency of implementation cleaner production to a Palm Oil Mill is explored. The objectives are to increase efficiency and to reduce risks to humans and environment. As a case study, a Palm Oil Mill with capacity of 30 ton per hour is used. The results show that many potencies of improvement are found. Some of the potential improvements such as electricity intensity reduction from 20.56 to 17 kWh/ton FFB, and the reuse of turbine cooling water. It is shown that implementation of cleaner production to the Palm Oil Mill will improve the efficiency of the mill significantly.

Despite academic interest in the tourism industry, there is a more sophisticated set of practice and thinking that could distinguish tourism products between mass and niche. Dark tourism, as the niche of tourism offers an economic value for tourists' consumption that forged between reality and imagination. However, few studies were found to understand the realm of development of dark tourism varieties and attractions, which associated with death and suffering from lower political and ideology to the highest range while consuming it. Therefore, alongside the analytical thinking towards the product's typology and variety, the examination of both SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats) model and TOWS (Threat-Opportunity & Weakness-Strength) matrix, synchronize the sites' elaboration resources and capabilities in which the dark tourism's place and space operate. Both of the qualitative case studies of Fatahillah Dungeon and Taman Prasasti museum provide the research practice that emerges from the visitors' voices. The findings deliver undiscovered value for the product development initiative, where at the same time bids the model for the dark tourism's consumption in term of the value creation and experience that giving the sites' meaning in recognizing how 'dark' the product is and stand out from the mass.

This study reviews the literature about the correlation between the rental price and tenant mix in the shopping center. Our research aims at determining which variables can describe the model of tenant mix impact on the rental cost. One of the aspects that influence the architectural experience for shopping center visitors is the tenant mix aspect. Shopping centers with an optimum tenant mix may enhance its shopping experience and its rental price. Previous studies on rental cost and tenant mix have only been carried out in the first world countries and western countries. Indonesia has never conducted this study, so there is yet a method to quantify rental prices based on the tenant mix level for Indonesian shopping centers. Results of this literature study found that tenant mix variables include the number of units, size of the shopping center, average unit area, number of categories, and number of brands. Thus the shopping center in Indonesia would have a quantification standard of rental prices in the tenant mix level. Shopping center manager and retail observer in Indonesia can apply this quantification method. In the future, researchers may develop this study; they may examine the regression calculation on the correlation between shopping center rental prices and tenant mix.

In the western part of the greater Jakarta of South Tangerang or Tangsel, the original inhabitants live in the previously rural part called Kampung Cilenggang. While the nearby area of Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) demonstrates the spectacle of development and modernization, the inhabitants felt behind as the spectators. Yet the identity of Kampung Cilenggang as the village gradually disappeared and in return, produced the confusion of the space, especially for the adolescents. This group who now in the age of 16-19 were still kids before Tangsel becomes the independent city. Now, growing to be the adolescents, they still regard Kampung Cilenggang as their play area. This paper aims to investigate the space for marginal adolescents, focusing on how they use their space and time outside the school hours. In conducting this research, we studied a group of adolescents in a high school located in Kampung Cilenggang. Our methods were mapping of their play space, observing their behavior, and conducting interviews. This paper reveals that the rapid development of Tangsel shrunk Kampung Cilenggang and forced the adolescents to anticipate the loss of the play space by claiming some small eatery places (warung) as their gathering places.

Rumah Susun or walk-up apartments has long been a solution for housing needs in an urban area where land is limited, and housing prices are unaffordable for some people, especially the low-income. Kompleks Rumah Susun Sombo is a public housing complex, one of the oldest walk-up apartment in Surabaya. Its initial aim is to provide more liveable housing needs for people in Kampung Sombo in a well-equipped vertical housing complex. Therefore, in this study, the concept of liveability is used as an approach in measuring the public housings and the quality of life for the people whose living in there. This study consists two main stages; determining the factors that are affecting the quality of life in public housing through scoring analysis, and mapping the gap between facts and ideal perception of good quality of life by the user of the public housing through Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) methods. The findings show that there are 4 quadrants in liveability factors of Rumah Susun Sombo, and the main quadrants, that is the most important aspects that should be maintained in performance are Condition In Shelter Units, Space Adequacy, Air Circulation, Security, Fire Protection, Quality Of Power Infrastructure, Access Clean Water Infrastructure.

The process of forming a settlement is inseparable from the influence of ecology (the natural environment) and the influence of socio-cultural (human). Natural elements, namely the sun, climate, soil topography, and human way of life are synergized mutually so that a settlement could exist and developed. Such things also apply to waterfront settlements (habitation located on the water's edge), even though that settlements located at the waterfront could face a rather distinguish climatology issues. This study aims to learn about the development of waterfront settlements and the influence of ecology, social and cultural elements in shaping waterfront settlements in Pangururan sub-district. The research method used by researchers is a qualitative method, using observation and interviews. The benefits of this research are to find the concept of waterfront settlements based on ecology, sociology, and culture that can support the lives of people living in these settlements so that the government can apply the concept in various regions that have the same environmental conditions.

Transit-Oriented Development is becoming a catchphrase nowadays in metropolitan areas – especially Jakarta – since the operation of rapid mass transit. TOD - as an abbreviation of Transit-Oriented Development –is a transit-oriented development of an urban area, there has been a misconception that it is a middle upper-class mixed-use superblock development around stations by developers. The significance of dwelling and living around TOD are being neglected since these areas are inhabited by the working class. The kampungs are now being transformed into the so-called ideal TODs by developers and evicting the original dwellers who have been there all their lives. This paper will explore the potential of kampung as one of the living typologies of Transit-Oriented Development. Methods used in this research are literature study, areal circulation simulations, case study as to collect field observation to observe the building increments and locals' interview to obtain a clear view of the locals' perception towards their area. The case study of Kampung Muka, North Jakarta, was chosen because of its proximity to Jakarta Kota and Kampung Bandan Stations. In this observation, Kampung Muka has the potential to be classified as transit-oriented development.

Kabanjahe Subdistrict has a central contribution to the Karo Plateau, this plain is the widest plateau in Indonesia and administratively included in the Karo District. The eruption of Sinabung Volcano since 2010 has triggered an increase in the city's physical growth rate. So, needs planning for expansion of facilities. Realizing the complexity of the problems faced, the researchers decided to focus the study on the morphological review of Kabanjahe District in terms of the physical aspects of the city's ecology. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physical aspects of ecology on the morphology of the urban/rural in Kabanjahe Subdistrict. This study uses an associative method with a qualitative approach, by assessing the correlation between the city morphological variables and the physical variables of urban ecology in Kabanjahe Subdistrict. This study will find 4 (four) things, covers: topographic correlation with road network systems and mass building placement, correlation of landforms with land use, natural shape correlations with the dynamics of urban development, and correlations between city morphology and the physical ecology of the city. The authors expect this research as a preliminary study in producing a theory for the Kabanjahe Regency Government in making a City Spatial Detail Plan.

In Indonesia, the incremental of settlements can develop naturally due to social and cultural influences. This settlement emergence from the need for a place to live and the community's activities. Therefore it can not be separated from the effect of internal and external factors that grow in society. People living in waterfront areas tend to build unplanned settlements against government regulations. The incremental of settlements does not support the development process of the Indonesia archipelago, which is divided into long-term, short-term, and annual. This research purpose is to find out the concept of proper regulation for settlements that developed naturally. Furthermore, the concept has preferential values in people's lives will be a government regulation that is more easily accepted by people in urban villages. This research will carry out by examining the regulation for building waterfront settlements. Besides, observations will also make to pay attention to cultural values, potentials, and characteristics in settlements that have characteristics as naturally incremental settlements. In terms of aspects of the development of science, this research will contribute to the field of settlement morphology. The findings of this research will be a recommendation in waterfront development planning that reflects the social and cultural values that develop in the community.

This paper provides a review of assessing the accessibility to recreational facilities owing to the fact of a theory that services are high in demand but few in supply. An integrated qualitative method was employed in this research, using the Geometrical Data Analysis and Point Mode which identified and map out the various recreational activity areas. It touches on the concept and policy as it affects recreational facility provision. The challenges range from distance to a recreational facility, high cost of transportation to a recreational facility area, and inadequate recreational facility as it relates to population threshold. It further discusses the random distribution as it affects the different sectors. Based on the problems mentioned, suggestions were offered to achieve equity in distribution, appropriateness and proper location of the recreational facilities. Thus, the need to make provision of recreational facilities achievable according to the laid down policies and strategies to areas of disadvantage, which invariably connotes easy reach and enhances the development of a friendly city.

Bakara is a tourism destination located in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, which geologically belongs to Sibandang Geo area of the Toba Caldera Geopark. The effort to preserve its values is by restructuring the tourism area in Bakara. Land-use is one of the regional planning elements. Land-use planning is a delicate process because the success of physical, social, and economic functions in an area is highly dependent on it. This research aims to examine land-use planning along with geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity by geotourism development elements in Bakara, which are economy, education, promotion, and conservation. A qualitative method was conducted through observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. The result indicates that the lands in Bakara are generally occupied for agricultural activities, residential, and tourist attractions while the development of geotourism still needs to be improved. Therefore, the research suggests recommendations to develop the tourism sector in Bakara.

The Simpang Ujung Aji road section - the boundary of Kabanjahe City is the road that connects the city of Medan and the city of Banda Aceh. Under one of the missions of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, road widening activities carried out on this road section to improve the accessibility of the area resulting in increased growth of the intersection. This study aims to examine the effect of widening road on space utilization seen from changes in land use before and after. The research approach uses a qualitative approach. The results of the analysis show that road widening affects changes in spatial use, as evidenced by changes in the area of land use and building additions along the road corridors. The results can be used as a reference for academics to be further developed in conducting research in other locations that will be the location of development activities and used as input and information for the Central Government or Karo District Government in making decisions for regional development related to changes in spatial use due to road widening.

The high number of population in a city has affected in an increasing need for housing and settlement. Medan faces the same problem. Population in Medan keeps increasing rapidly, which makes the demands of housing and settlement increase as well. Fulfilling the need of housing can result in the increasing level of transformation. It creates new points which have not been anticipated in a layout by government policy. The objective of this research is to analyze the housing distribution patterns in Medan. This research used the descriptive-quantitative method. The selected subject of this research was formal housing structured by country or developer was bought and sold with minimum large 15.000 m². The identified and validated housings were be analyzed by using the nearest neighbor analysis. The drawing and the measurement of housing distances were taken by using an image map through the Google Earth Application and Geographic Information System. The spread housing pattern in Medan was the clustered-random. It isn't profitable for infrastructure, and public facility of the city. The recommendation is addressed to the government, expected to be able to direct construction of settlement with cluster pattern and increasing accessibility, public facility, and quality of infrastructure.

Asian cities often experience complex urban problems, mainly due to weak regulations to respond to the changes. There is a need to answer these problems. Using Banda Aceh as the case, this study examines the transformation of the city form through reading the urban elements and layers from historical chronological order focuses on the inner city and its surrounded areas. The aim is to identify the physical and non-physical primary elements and the ordinary layers of the city, as well as analyze the symbolical, sociological, historical, morphological layers and their transformation from time to time. Historical and typo-morphological methodology were used by comparing maps and building styles supported with photographs collected through a series of field observation and from literature. The analysis was divided into pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial, and post-tsunami disaster periods. Findings from this study shows that there are three main factors that contribute to the transformation of Banda Aceh: the past international trading activities, colonialism, and the tsunami. This study provides a reference for urban designers and planners to understand the complexity of the urban form of the Asian cities which can also be utilized by policy-makers to control regulations for urban development, particularly in Asia.

A city is a place to live, which should have quality. The urban quality is effective to be applied to provide a better place for people and form a sense of place. This study aims to measure urban quality and analyze the influence of urban quality to the sense of place. Urban quality consists of functional, visual, and urban space experiences factors. While a sense of place consists of identity, structure, and meaning aspects. The method used is a quantitative method with a survey by questionnaire techniques. The research conducted at Merdeka Square in centre of Medan city, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia which has historical buildings around it. Medan Merdeka Square is a public open space in the center of Medan city. The study population was the people of Medan City who came to Merdeka Square with sample as many as 100 respondents. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study show that functional, visual, and urban space experiences influence the sense of place. The quality of urban is relevant to consider in forming a sense of place.

It is generally observed in a city, that pedestrians prefer some urban spaces over the other. A comparative assessment of such spaces, can give an idea of what causes the difference in walking choices they make. Most of the past ways of the comparative assessment of any urban space included comparing physical conditions, ignoring its inherent urban design qualities. Such physical settings can outline an urban context but cannot help describe the feeling of walking there. Recent researches have established the direct relation of urban design qualities and walkability. Therefore the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of this relation, but in a completely different geographic, cultural and climatic context; in Saudi Arabia. The research was intended to study the inherent urban design qualities of the areas and establish a connection with its pedestrian preferences. For this purpose, the urban design qualities of two informal public walking loops in Riyadh were comparatively analysed by giving scores on different physical variables which majorly contributed to those qualities. After mapping the pedestrian activity for both the walks, it was found that the walk which had better urban design qualities, had more pedestrian activities, thus establishing a relation between the two.

Housing needs to be increased in the center of Gunungsitoli City after the 2015 earthquake, this situation has caused coastal areas and coastal borders to be used as residential areas, whose development is out of control, and has an impact on decreasing environmental quality. Therefore, an analysis is needed to determine the dominant factors that affect the condition of the housing area, and identify the suitability of the regional management plan in the city land use plan, taking into account the existing conditions. Analysis of the data used in this study is an assessment and describes each selected variable. The results of the study are in the form of information about the condition of the seaside residential area, which can be an input for stakeholders in determining the direction of sustainable waterfront management policies.

As a science derived from life experiences, Feng Shui is often used in many aspects of life, such as urban landscape planning and spatial configuration. Various regions in the world, especially in China, use the principle of Feng Shui in designing the area because they believed by applying Feng Shui principles in life, it could provide a good fortune in the future. Medan, as one of the cities in Indonesia has a chinatown, which is called Medan Chinatown, namely the Komplek Asia Asia Mas. Komplek Asia Mega Mas Medan is both a residential and business area. The purposes of this study are to examine the use of Feng Shui as a basis in designing the area and to discover the advantages of Feng Shui application that is applied to the Chinatown district of Komplek Asia Mega Mas Medan. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative approach. The process of collecting data and information is done by doing various observations and interviews. The results of this study will provide benefits to the development of the theory of Feng Shui which is integrated with the business area in Chinatown and provides benefits to the local government in managing the business center in the Chinatown area.

Transportation is a pivotal thing that supports everyday human life and the movement of logistics goods. The transportation system is said to be good if the cost is economical and affordable. However, it seems that the city of Medan has not been implemented, costs are only determined by the government and public transport organizations without involving the community. The low quality of services in terms of safety, comfort, feasibility, ease and efficiency of public transport, provide a feeling that is less comfortable and safe for users of public transport services. The increasing number of people using private vehicles in the city of Medan increases traffic congestion which results in longer travel times, due to many vehicles and lower speeds. The point is that private vehicle users cause congestion, inefficiency in the use of road space, and reduce road capacity. To reduce congestion in the city of Medan, the Medan city government held collaboration with Deli Serdang Regency and Binjai City; Trans Mebidang Bus was established to overcome the bottleneck. Therefore, the researchers are keen to find out the quality service of the bus through the public perception.

As in other cities in Indonesia, economic development, population growth is one of the causes of the physical changes in the Chinatown shop building on the Sudirman Street corridor in the old city of Tanjung Pura. The building turned into a modern building, which caused the loss of old buildings as a characteristic and identity of Tanjung Pura city as one of the historical cities that distinguishes it from the other cities in Indonesia. To prevent the deterioration of the physical, functional and visual character of this historic region, it is necessary to arrange a building arrangement on Sudirman Street in the old city of Tanjung Pura.

The research method used in this study is a qualitative methodology, with indicators based on variables obtained from the foundation to find the visual characteristics of the building structure and the factors that influence the structure of the building. The indicators are arranged based on variables then used as benchmarks in finding data and analyzing.

In the development of big city cities, such as land use in the city of Medan, the increase in land use for the construction of various urban facilities and infrastructure, the impact is a change in the function of land and open space to support activities. Declining air quality can be overcome by better city park management.. Awareness of the importance of a beautiful environment and parks as the lungs of the city and recreational amenities, is realized through operational policies in the form of city parks. From the initial observations made by the researcher on the condition of the physical comfort level in the city park, the researcher formulated a problem that is how the visitors' perceptions of the level of comfort in the park I/BB Gaperta? This study aims to be able to analyze visitor perceptions of the comfort level of Park Jasdam I/BB Gaperta. The response of the community towards this park so that the role of this park is more successful in providing comfort for visitors and also optimizing its function as a public open space.

The Islamic public space concept discourses predominantly refer to Middle East Moslem perspectives, only a few kinds of literature discuss its implementation to the Non-middle East Moslem society, particularly in the Southeast Asia region. This paper explores the Islamic public space concept from Banda Aceh City standpoints. The approaches based on its historical and current context which entail a tamaddun character. Tamaddun means the application of Islamic personality in all sectors of urban life. Aceh also famous as Serambi Mekkah, the veranda of Mecca, because it has the similarity to Mecca, and mostly because it is the only province in Indonesia that applies Syariah law. This paper aims to formulate a conceptual framework of Islamic public space in non-middle East circumstances. The possible contributions of Islamic value on public space critically discussed through an intensive literature review. The proposed concept highlights many dynamic factors, and their friendly interactions in the context of Aceh-Moslem society in the South-eastern atmosphere of Asia in terms of typology, functions, and design criteria of public spaces. The implication of this paper gives an advantage in improving the understanding and appreciation of the Islamic conception toward public space, as well as the implementation of the notion in urban design and planning.

The market is one container activities trade that can not regardless from activities daily humans. With more rapidly development population then bigger demands too will needs to good market presence in a manner quantity and quality. In development, traditional markets produce demands which increases corresponding with increase number needs life and resulting in developing markets in a manner slowly. As overview, Cemara Traditional Markets is in East Medan bordering directly with sub-district Percut Sei Tuan in Deli Serdang. This established since 1990 with large 6,720 meters square. Height activity buying and selling at the Traditional Market Fir influence needs will availability land trade fairly. Limitations land make traders occupy the edge area rivers and roads to be the place for selling which resulted the development of Traditional Markets Fir not controlled with good. Condition that is Regional Government does the effort of one of them with set region all along border river as a deep green space zone RDTR Medan City Year 2015-2035 leave back with condition existing when this. Aim from research for knowing the existence of Traditional Markets Fir in occupy space and relevance its development in a manner spatial against the RDTR. Method analysis research is descriptive qualitative with look circumstances existing and describe issue existing problems.

Banda Aceh starts to develop the city transportation system by introducing bus "Trans Koetaradja" in 2016. It is one of the government actions to accommodate people to move within the city and expected to solve and prevent the city traffic jam that starts to happen in the last decade. On the one hand, the high growth in the number of motor vehicles reveals the needs of the people to commute in the city, however, on the other hand, this situation brings some problem that can affect city life, related to human and environment. For these reasons, early observation and questionnaire indicate that people's willingness to walk is low due to the factors of the physical environment and local habits. For these reasons, this paper tries to approach the problem with the idea of walkability; understanding the definition of walkability and learning what variables needed to take into account to apply and evaluate the notion, in the more contextual matter through literature studies. It is necessary to consider about walkability development, to support the progress of Banda Aceh forward sustainable development.

Building setback areas in the commercial area have the potential to be social spaces due to its characteristic as an intersection between public and private. In fact, they are mostly used for vehicle mobility and parking. The purpose of building setback is usually related to security consideration, thus the building's owner tend to make a clear separation between public and private. Building setback areas are interesting to be examined, especially when there are a lot of activities going on in them. Building setback area in Taman Kemang Street is one example which creates some urban pockets with different characteristic. The configuration of urban pockets will make some arrangement of urban void along the street with pedestrian connectivity. Taman Kemang Street has different activities between daytime and night. From the early observation, it is found that there are some actan, setting, and story. Those three elements can be observed and examined further as elements of narration. This paper attempt to find the characteristics of daily activities in building setback areas of Taman Kemang Street and try to read the story through narrative approach. The objective of this research is to get some design recommendation by reading the potential of urban pockets through narrative approach.

People are occupying the street. That's the everyday practice in Warakas, a neighborhood in North Jakarta, Indonesia. It is not only as a path to connect each part of the neighborhood but also as a place for the people to socialize to interact with each other, including space for children to play. Children see the street as their playground, an accessible space in front of their houses for them to play with their friends. There's shifting in the way they see that particular space into the place they called playground, and that shifting involves a process called placemaking, a changing the space into the place they value, the place for them. Creating attachment to the particular space, that gives a sense of belonging of the place. This paper will try to observe and interrogate the process of children placemaking in the street of Warakas. We will conduct this research, by doing in site observation to begin the research, and participant observation with children. Mapping, taking visual notes, and pictures of the neighborhood and children activities on the street to understand the way children occupy and add value to the street, the place for them to play.

Space is an integral aspect of individual identity-forming, group and social. Some incidents at the Fakultas Pertanian (FP), one of 15 faculties in Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), show the space used as a tool and where students display the identity of the group. Communal space domination becomes a strategy used as a seniority identity. Junior students choose to step away from the senior space. Domination is a form of asymmetric power relations where the dominated subject has limited space to maneuver the choice of action. This dominant group predisposed to structure themselves as group-based social hierarchies and that the major forms of group oppression, prejudice, and discrimination. University is intended as a place where ideas, people, majors, in contrast to the concept of domination occur in the FP area. But senior domination through space strengthening the relationship between alumni after graduate students. By the qualitative research method, the research is done by supervision, questioning and answering with the student repeatedly. This paper explains how the concept of domination of the space succeeded in strengthening the relationship between groups when junior willingly it happened so that the experience of this event is interpreted as a way to build the next relationship.

The outdoor space has been an interesting part of a university. Many universities create their images by the outdoor spaces designs. As Lefebvre stated that those are called abstract space, the university commodity them. The other spaces are called as lived space, there the users live with cold and hot life and emerged the interaction between groups. Fakultas Ilmu Budaya (FIB) is one faculty in Universitas Sumatera Utara, demonstrates the dynamic outdoor spaces built by their expression needs. The spaces are not safe for they are built by themselves. Illegally, not only for their performance but also for their image. Students are performing their ideas on music and discussing their thoughts in there. The spaces are created naturally along with existing buildings which many times are destroyed by the faculty management. However, students are struggling to have. By the qualitative research method, the research is done by observing and interviewing students continuously. This paper shows how the spaces are not planning matters, but they are also people part of the expression of ideas and thoughts. The student feels happy and sad, free but fear, optimistic and pessimistic, real and unreal. New spaces as the production of students emerged for those.

Home as a place to live is the primary needs of humans as the safest place for them. The need for security is a crucial aspect for human life, and the thing that will prevent to fulfill this need is the occurrence of crimes including in residential areas. With the losses resulting from criminal acts, a defensive effort needed in housing areas by applying the concept of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). The study took Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate. The research aims to examine the implementation of the CPTED theory in the Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate and develop a security strategy based on the CPTED and its practice in a residential area. The research based on variables, namely elements of public space, footpaths, car parking, external lighting, landscaping, territoriality and maintenance, and target hardening. For this reason, descriptive research conducted with qualitative methods obtained from regional mapping techniques and interviews, also quantitative methods derived from the scoring table in each study sample. The results obtained from this study will show the CPTED implementation in the Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate Medan with recommendations for the application of the concept that is suitable for urban housing.

Theoretically there are three arguments against the gated community. First, gated community as a physical form and a real expression of post-revolutionary social change industry (fragmentation, individualism and increasing community). Second, gated community as a symptom of urban diseases including social classification. Third, the development of fragmentation and individualism is the emergence of elite private groups that contradict the welfare distribution system. So this situation provide the assumption that the allocation of public services is inefficient. The three arguments above are the background of why gated communities thrive in Indonesia. Based on the above arguments, the purpose of this study is to find the typology of gated community settlements based on its development in the Medan City starting from the 1980s until now. In the case of Medan City, the distribution of this settlements are seen by the growing number of gated communities in the South and West regions of Medan City. Even the social groupis formed indirectly affect consumers' perceptions when choosing the housing locations. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data collection methods in the form of observations and interviews. The method of data analysis is spatial analysis method. The results of this study are expected to find a typology of the form of gated community settlements based on housing size, the formation of public space and the characteristics of residents.

Historical development of Shop Houses closely related to the cultural transformation of the society as can be clearly seen in historical civilization. Domination of Western Civilization cannot be denied as reflected in global culture in nearly every country. The shop houses, that originated in China has carried out the adaptation and transformation of China, Western and local architecture as well which lead to the change of its facade. This transformation is widely believed, has dispersed through the intense communication (semiotics) which has influenced the local population, who later accept this shop houses, especially in urban areas. This research applied the descriptive method which stressed the role of semiotic with a number of variables and indicators in order to find the main reason for accepting the shop houses culturally. In line with the theory frame work and preceding researches, there are some significant variables which consist of independent variables, in this case is social media, while dependent variables are the aspects of local culture namely religious aspect, affinities, economic. The results of this research can be used as guide lines for urban semiotics studies and society participatory development.

Tourism is a strategic sector in escalating the economy and improving the life quality of the community. This industry provides advantages in economic and social fields, which is essential in developing a region. In the Lake Toba Geopark of Indonesia, geotourism applies as a development strategy to increase visitors as well as to conserve the environment. Located at two separated geoareas of the geopark, Tongging and Bakkara have substantial prospects to enhance geotourism, given the wealth of natural and cultural elements in both destinations. Conservation is one of the geotourism aspects that maintain environmental sustainability while simultaneously fosters benefits for tourists and local communities. The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of conservation in geotourism through stakeholders approach. It focuses on youth visitors in Tongging and the local community in Bakkara. By using a qualitative method, observations and interviews were conducted in the two locations. The study finds that environmental and cultural conservation contributes to the enhancement of geotourism in Tongging and Bakkara.

Istana Maimun (Maimoon Palace), located in Kelurahan Aur is one of the historical heritage Palaces during Deli Sultanate era that still stands beautifully and becoming an iconic Landmarks of Medan – Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. This Palace has a lot of historical value in branding identity also an image of Medan regarding the Glory of Deli Sultanate in the past and has a strategic location in the side of Deli River. The potential river which should be one of attraction becomes a place for waste by locals and causing problems that its existence is being covered. After a site visit and collecting data from different sources, authors think that Aur region has potential to the development of cultural, artistic, and historical tourism. However, this area still shortcoming of tourism aspects, such as commercial facilities, activities, attractions, access, and accommodations that can make visitors feel welcomed and want to spend their time enjoying the atmosphere. Therefore, authors trying to introduced more of mixed facilities that can be called as "Aur Market Place" which hopefully can support the optimization of Istana Maimun and surround its area in continuous ways, where this public space can be activator of another development by government towards Aur region and becoming magnets for all ages which can lead interactions between locals and tourist in one place.

Urban design focuses more on organizing and structuring urban reality rather than the detailed design of the private domain. In this context, urban space legibility and imageability are the very important aspects in urban design. In fact, it is common for the development not to reflect the original characteristics of a region, so that the historical impression of the region fades. This study is aimed to describe the characteristics of "facades legibility" and "area imageability" along Minangkabau street as part of the historical city center of Bukittinggi. By structuring and organizing building facade elements, multi-themes of building facade legibilty and region imageability could be extracted, they are development process image and development product image. Development process image presents the development urban space in colonial, post colonial, dan recent periods. Development product image presents a fundamental character change, from homogeneous-horizontal image to the dominant heterogeneous vertical impression. Horizontality reflects the existence of a communal or collective development. Heterogeneous verticality shows an individual or partial development, that presents conservative, moderate, and radical facade transformations of individual building. Therefore public process approach of designing cities based on the concept of urban heterogeneous self-image become the most important element in urban design management.

Public open space in a city must accommodate recreation activity for its citizens. As a recreation place, public open space offers many outdoor activities such as passive recreation and active recreation. The execution of those activities should be accommodated by the physical element at the park. One of the physical aspects that must be there and could accommodate the activity is the sitting place. Sitting place in an open space is not only a place to sit but should trigger another activity to happen. This phenomenon could be explained by affordance theory. Affordance is how the environment provides a lot of possibilities for a human to do an activity with so many different ways. Bintaro Xchange Park and Banteng Field Park are two parks that have some sitting place to accommodate the outdoor activity. This research will be using literature review, observation, and interviewing the park visitors to know how they occupied the space at the sitting place in the park. This study examines how passive and active recreation could happen at the sitting place in the park.

The Gagak Hitam Street was implemented in Sub-Regional Planning of Medan City. The Mayor's Decree changed the land use of Gagak Hitam Street from the special buildings to mix use area between shops and public buildings with a building setback from 15 meters changed to 10 meters. This research aims to determine how the process of physical change and the factors that cause physical land use changes at Gagak Hitam Street Medan in 2003, 2010 and 2017. Urban land use is classified as residential land, government and private offices, schools, health centers and industrial. The research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach that uses purposive sampling. The variables are land use, which can be measured by sub-variables such as land use function, type of activity, building intensity, building height, building setback and government regulations. Research conducted along Gagak Hitam Street is divided into three segments. The segment I (Gatot Subroto Street – Sunggal Street), segment II (Senegal Street - Bungan Asoka Street), segment III (Bunga Asoka Street-Setia Budi Street). This research indicates the process and results of physical land use changes on Gagak Hitam Street, which are used as data for development of the outer ring road area.