Table of contents

2023 13th International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics (ICAPM 2023) was held in Singapore during March 10-12, 2023. In the past years, ICAPM was held in many large capital cities, such as Tokyo, Phuket, Singapore, Busan, Lisbon, Hong Kong, and Bangkok, etc. This conference provides a remarkable opportunity for the academic and industrial communities to address new challenges and share solutions, and discuss future research directions.

The conference invited three internationally recognized experts in the field of applied physics and mathematics. They are Prof. Bakhodirzhon Siddikov, Ferris State University, USA, Prof. Naoyuki Ishimura, Chuo University, Japan, and Prof. Cheng-kuo Lee, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Scholars and researchers from China, Canada, India, Norway, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Russia, and so on took this opportunity to share their research results and discuss the future development of related fields.

All papers in the conference proceeding have passed vigorous preliminary review and peer review by the technical committee. Professional comments are given according to the aspects of originality, innovation, applicability, technical merit, organizing and writing, relevance to conference, and so on. Authors benefit from the valuable comments and improve their submissions to meet the satisfaction of the reviewers. The proceeding contains a collection of research papers, and is divided into 3 chapters: Chapter 1 is entitled Basic Mathematics and Mathematical Computation; Chapter 2 is entitled Application of Mathematical Calculations and Models in Engineering; Chapter 3 is entitled Physical Theory and Engineering Physics.

List of Organizing Committees, Statement of Peer Review are available in this Pdf.

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous

• Conference submission management system: Morressier, Zmeeting

• Number of submissions received: 38

• Number of submissions sent for review: 38

• Number of submissions accepted: 20

• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 52.6

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 56

• Contact person for queries:

Name: Po-Liang Liu

Email: pliu@dragon.nchu.edu.tw

Affiliation: National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan

We have studied parabolic cycles and given their equivalent matrix representations. Invariant properties of matrices under similarity have contributed to the Möbius-invariant properties in cycles. We have further discussed the inner product in the cycle space. Also, the geometrical properties of orthogonality and reflection have been studied to obtain the irregular points in the cycle space.

The problem of 2D incompressible flow simulation around airfoils with sharp edges and corner point is considered. The solution of the boundary integral equation with respect to vortex sheet intensity arising in Lagrangian vortex method has weak singularity that cannot be resolved correctly in the framework of the existing Galerkin-type numerical schemes. It is shown that for piecewise-smooth bounded solutions the known schemes allow for solution reconstruction with high quality and provide the 2-nd order of accuracy, while for singular solution their order of accuracy goes down to the 1-st. A numerical scheme is suggested that allows for solution singularity resolving and provides the 2-nd order of accuracy. As a model problem, the added mass tensor components computation is considered, since its exact value is known for the Joukowsky wing airfoil with sharp edge (cusp point).

The approximate fast algorithm is developed that makes it possible to calculate velocities of the vortex particles in two-dimensional flow simulations by using vortex methods. It is adapted to efficient solution of the boundary integral equation arising at each time step of simulation. The proposed method can be considered as generalization of the classical Barnes – Hut method, taking into account some ideas of the Fast Multipole Method. Some model problems are considered that can be solved by using vortex methods, the developed fast algorithm is implemented for multi-cores CPUs and (with some modifications) for GPUs. The scalability of the code is rather high; the developed algorithms can run with millions of vortex particles taking only tens or hundreds of milliseconds per time step; linear systems with dimension of about 10⁴ can be solved on multicore CPU in tens milliseconds.

Locating rainbow connection number determines the minimum number of colors connecting any two vertices of a graph with a rainbow vertex path and also verifies that the given colors produce a different rainbow code for each vertex. Locating rainbow connection number of graphs is a new mathematical concept, especially in graph theory, which combines the concepts of the rainbow vertex coloring and the partition dimension. In this paper, we determine the locating rainbow connection number of amalgamation of complete graphs.

The paper deals with the question of obtaining such an estimate of the parameters of the model of simultaneous equations, which would have better statistical properties in comparison with the estimates of both the usual method of least squares and two-, three-step methods of least squares, as well as the method of fixed point and other methods of evaluating the coefficients of the equations considered in the system simultaneously. The main drawback of methods based on minimization of the sum of squares of deviations of real observations from some theoretical dependence is that the sum of squares of errors that correlate with the values of variables included in the expression for these errors is minimized. A violation of the basic assumption of least-squares methods about the independence of predetermined variables and errors leads to the fact that least-squares estimation methods in this case lose their best properties: unbiasedness, efficiency, and consistency. The paper proves the theorem about the efficiency of estimates obtained using two-step least squares methods and that of estimates obtained using the method of factorization of simultaneous equations.

To solve the 2D square Ising model incorporating anisotropy, we discuss a graphical representation of Kramers-Wannier duality. The method yields an equation relating the critical temperature (T_c) to the horizontal and vertical coupling constants. The result reproduces the known exact solution by Onsager. The equation derived was utilized to plot T_c as a function of anisotropy by introducing the ratio (α) of the coupling constants. A phase diagram is then obtained showing T_c as an increasing function of α In the limit as α approaches zero, the critical temperature asymptotically goes to zero. This agrees with the exact solution of the 1D model.

In this paper, we construct a class of analytical solutions to the one dimensional compressible isothermal Euler equations with time-dependent damping. By introducing a special density function ρ(x, t) = e^c(t)x+d(t), we obtain a family of analytical solutions. A sufficient condition for the solution to blow up in finite time is given. On the basis of the conclusion, the analytical solutions to the initial boundary value problem of the pressureless Euler equations are obtained.

For pedestrians in walking facilities, their movements are often obstructed by bottlenecks where the walkable widths are geometrically reduced. In previous research, to reproduce the influence of bottlenecks on pedestrian movements, agent-based simulation models have been widely applied. However, their high reliability on modeling rules and parameters requires calibration at the microscopic level, which makes them difficult to apply from an engineering perspective. Here, we applied a mathematical approach, which estimates the egress efficiency based on the density-flow rate fundamental diagram, to reproduce the egress time of pedestrians in our field experiments. Both the obstacle and the exit were considered bottlenecks in our experiments. It was indicated that with the same width, the obstacle bottleneck acted as an 'ineffective' bottleneck that did not affect the egress time when it was near the exit bottleneck, whereas acted as an 'effective' bottleneck when it was distant from the exit bottleneck. To reproduce this phenomenon, we applied a mathematical approach that abstracts the walking scenario as a scheme with the bottlenecks as links and different regions as nodes. As a result, the egress times under different layouts were reproduced successfully by introducing the density-flow rate fundamental diagram into the scheme. Furthermore, a reasonable range of the obstacle size and obstacle-exit width, under which condition the egress time is constant, was estimated. This study can be applied to estimate the egress time of the walking facilities by considering the fundamentals of pedestrian flows from a mathematical perspective, thus helping in the actual design of bottlenecks that could ensure efficient and safe pedestrian egress in walking facilities.

The performance of a double circular-arc tooth harmonic gear drive, which offers advantages over traditional designs, such as lower stress during contact and increased fatigue life, was investigated in this research. The gear drive's meshing was simulated using dynamic analysis software RecurDyn, and a significant variation in output angular velocity was observed. To address this issue, experiments were planned using the Taguchi method with the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal table. The data was analyzed using techniques such as average value calculation, signal-to-noise ratio calculation, variance analysis, and response chart analysis to identify the control factors with the greatest impact on output angular velocity variation. It was found that an improved design with lower output angular velocity variation could be obtained by adjusting these control factors to optimal levels. The findings suggest that the transmission quality of double circular-arc harmonic gear drives can be enhanced by combining multi-flexible body dynamic analysis with the Taguchi method.

In this paper, we will use fluctuation dissipation theorem on the harmonic oscillator with time correlation creation annihilation operator as the perturbated term and through calculation, we find that the exact value of the dissipation associated Imχ of this special perturbation harmonic oscillator is exactly equal to π. Next, we give its potential application in the q-deformed harmonic oscillator, which means connect the q-deformed harmonic oscillator with fluctuation dissipation.

This paper focuses on the study of active region AR12891 in conjunction with geostorm from space weather data. A flare of magnitude M1.7 occurred in this active region, resulting in a geomagnetic storm of magnitude 3. By observing solar activity, x-ray flux, and radiation particle monitoring, GOES-16 instruments were used to forecast these events. A python program was used to analyze data collected from the online database of solar monitor and space weather live provided by the NOAA. Solar flare events can be studied and monitored through GOES-16 instruments to forecast geomagnetic storms. This allows less impacts towards satellite navigations and power sources if geomagnetic storm was detected early.

In this work, we probed the applicability of α-borophene nanoribbon as a spillover hydrogen host material using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that all top sites, along the edges and on the planar surface, are appropriate for hydrogen physisorption. On the other hand, the hollow site which is a defining feature of the α-borophene nanoribbon, was found to be an unstable adsorption site for hydrogen, and does not act as a trap site for hydrogen atom. Density of states calculations show that the broadening of the hydrogen 1s states made it possible for a good hybridization with the boron 2p states, allowing for such a moderate hydrogen physisorption. The resulting moderate adsorption energies indicate good hydrogen migration properties, making α-borophene nanoribbon a very good candidate material for spillover hydrogen applications and could be utilized as a key material for overall hydrogen storage.

Radio bursts have been a point of contention among astrophysicists in the modern era. Solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and solar energetic particles (SEPs) that project from the Sun to interplanetary space can all be observed using this method. Based on data from e-Callisto, we detected a type II radio burst on 12th January 2022 starting at 04:24 UT and lasting until 04:56 UT. The full image of radio burst type II (SRBTII) was compiled from two stations (Almaty and Australia-ASSA), the drift rate of the bursts calculated are -0.07796 MHz/s and - 0.105822893 MHz/s respectively, and the relevant solar activity was determined. There was a possible association between the observed burst and the halo CME event on the day. This study includes the properties of the CME and the D-region Absorption Prediction (D-Rap) plot as the signal degradation indicator caused by the solar flare and CMEs to demonstrate its significance in understanding the impact on Earth's atmosphere.

Simulations of conventional Gunn diodes containing the double Gunn effect have shown a significant increase in oscillation frequency and frequency range. However, conventional Gunn diodes suffer from higher phase noise, lower efficiency, and reduced temperature stability due to the lack of a hot electron injector. A study on the performance of a Double Gunn diode with a graded gap injector is presented. The second region of negative differential mobility is gradually introduced in several temperature-dependent mobility models, which are implemented in an energy balance simulation. Devices with transit lengths of 0.7μm, 1.1μm, and 1.65μm are simulated. All devices experience an increase in oscillation frequency with increasing intensities of the double Gunn effect. The frequency range doubles at significant intensities of the effect in the devices with transit lengths of 0.7μm and 1.65μm.