Table of contents

Preface

Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF) 2018

Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

August 11, 2018

At the beginning of 2019, we would like to present an international proceeding that contains the selected papers from the National Physics Seminar or Seminar Nasional Fisika (SNF 2018), entitled "Earthing Physics and Learning Physics in Building Global Wisdom" that was organized by the Physics Department of FMIPA Unesa - Surabaya on August 11, 2018.

This seminar is an annual important event to publish research results in physics and learning. We are hoping that the event will become a foothold of thinking in welcoming of global developments. In addition, publications packaged in this seminar is will further strengthening existence and reputation of the physics department as an educational institution that excels in scientific publication at national and international levels.

We hope the international proceeding will be able to encourage students, teachers, lecturers, practitioners, researchers, and higher education community in developing scientific research and publications to support the nation's independence.

We on behalf of the committee of the SNF 2018 would like to thank all parties for their participation in supporting this publication and we would like to invite the participants back to take a part in SNF 2019 which will be held by the Physics Department of FMIPA Unesa for this year.

Happy New Year

Thank you,

Dr. Eko Hariyono

Chairman

SNF 2018

List of Committee available in this PDF.

List of Sponsors are available in this PDF.

List of Photographs are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Global wisdom is the values of the prevailing and internationally respected policies. One sector that plays a role in instilling global wisdom values is education and one of them is physics education. Learning physics means learning about content and positive values in it. The article was written by using qualitative research review methods in internalizing positive values and lead to the development of global wisdom in 21st century learning. This research aims to describe components related to the innovative learning and values of global wisdom. The data were the results of our qualitative researches and were supported by the results of researches conducted by educational experts. Grounding physics through innovative physics learning and trusted values of education can build global wisdom. Innovative learning is characterized by new models and provides alternative solutions to problems. Innovative learning oriented to the competences of students in the 21st century which determined by 4C: creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, communication and collaboration skills. The skills will equip students as problem solvers so they can survive in facing the future. Physics education in a broad sense aims to provide multiskills and contain the value of "scientific wisdom" to face the global era. Physics learning that builds global wisdom potentially solve the challenges of internationalization, universalization, and supra-territoriality. The form of global policy providing students with values of respecting human rights, integrity, justice, humility, upholding order and peace, developing scientific and technological progress, and respecting beliefs or religions for the nations of the world. These values must also be internalized in the teachers's personality as row models for students and must be a belief and reinforcement for their profession.

Earth Science Projects are research topics conducted by some people working on subjects related to hazard mitigation study on the basis of all efforts in disaster risk reduction through maximizing awareness of science and minimizing all risks of earth-related disasters. These people have joined Center for Earth Science Studies at Physics Department since 2011 and performed computational work, focusing on tsunamis, earthquakes, and volcano eruptions for reliable early warning system development. Other work has in part examined applications of geophysical methods to localize hydrocarbon reservoirs using analysis of broadband-noise spectral amplitude and low-frequency spectrogram, and distinguish underground nuclear tests from natural earthquakes of seismic origin. The Projects may also be relevant to science and/or physics education students as final projects with earth-related disasters as the main themes using laboratory approaches. Several publications made by the group members and students in recent years are therefore discussed, emphasizing on seismic hazard assessment and analysis. Future direction of possible research collaboration between research groups in the department will also be discussed in terms of challenges and technical difficulties.

The trends of population and the dependency ratio from 2020 to 2030 (young and elderly to working age) give a benefit to Indonesia. These demographic sources are one of the local wisdom as well as culture, diversity, ethnicity, and natural resources. In this paper, therefore, survey research, especially in physics education was proposed in responding the potency of demographic factors. Generally, survey design is used to describe trends, to determine individual opinions about special topics or policy issues, and to provide useful information to evaluate programs in schools. The research method addressed the explanatory process of cross-sectional survey designs and longitudinal survey designs, which were conducted by the author previously. The discussion was started from the simple process of survey study and followed by some examples of survey research designs. For the cross-sectional survey, the AT-STEM (Attitudes towards STEM), Conception of Learning Physics (CLP), and Physics Learning Self-Efficacy (PLSE) were discussed. Meanwhile, for longitudinal survey designs, the Attitudes towards (Teaching) Science (ATS) were exemplified. Moreover, the research about Attitudes towards a New Physics Curriculum (ATNPC) was also demonstrated. Finally, some recommendations of physics education research were also proposed.

The professionalism development of physics teacher candidates has been emphasized in their scientific literacy skills; so Skills of Scientific Literacy Learning Plan (SSLLP) is often ignored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the Literacy Learning Model (LLM) to improve the SSLLP for physics teacher candidates. This research used one group pre-test and post-test design toward 120 physics teacher candidates of Surabaya State University and Lambung Mangkurat University in academic year 2016/2017. The SSLLP was measured by using the Literacy Learning Plan assessment sheet and interviews. The data analyses used descriptive qualitative, n-gain, and Paired t-test / Wilcoxon test. The application of LLM in physics learning showed a significant increase in SSLLP at α = 5%; where the SSLLP was originally in the D / C criteria then became A and the mean n-gain value was in high criteria for each group. Thus, LLM is effective to be used to improve SSLLP for physics teacher candidates.

The CCDSR (Condition, Construction, Development, Simulation, and Reflection) learning model has been developed to improve science process skills (SPS) of physics teacher candidates. The purpose of this research is to improve SPS learning ability of physics teacher candidatesthrough the implementation of CCDSR learning model. This research used one group pre-test and post-test design toward 110 physics teacher candidatesat Universitas Khairun and STKIP Kie Raha Ternate, academic year 2017/2018 (Ternate, Indonesia) academic year 2016/2017. The SPS learning ability of physics teacher candidates were measured by using SPSLearning Ability Assessment Sheet (SPSLAAS) with indicators:Orientation of SPS, knowledge of SPS, knowledge of learner's understanding aboutSPS, knowledge of SPSlearning strategies, and SPSassessment. The data analysis technique used the Paired t-test, n-gain, and ANOVA test. The results show that: (1) The average post-test score of SPSlearning ability was in the high category, (2) There is improvement of thephysics teacher candidates' SPSat α = 5%, (3) N-gain score average score of the physics teacher candidates' SPSwas in medium category, and (4) There is no difference (consistency) n-gain of the physics teacher candidates' SPSin all groups. Therefore the CCDSR learning model has been proven to be effective to improve the SPSlearning ability of physics teacher candidates. The implication of research CCDSR learning model can be used as a solution to improve SPSlearning ability of physics teacher candidates.

The collaborative creativity learning (CCL) model is a collaborative-based scientific creativity learning to improve scientific creativity, science process skills, and collaborative skills of the junior high school students. The purpose of this research is to improve science process skills of junior high school in physics learning through the implementation of CCL model. This research used one group pre-test and post-test design toward 144 students of State Junior High School 2 Jember and State Junior High School 3 Jember (Jember, Indonesia) academic year 2017/2018. The student's science process skills were measured by using Science Process Skills Instrument (SPSI) with indicators of formulating problems, formulating the hypothesis, identifying variables, formulating the operational definition of variables, designing the data table, carrying out the experiment, analysing the data, formulating the conclusions. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon test, n-gain, and Mann-Whitney U test. The results show that: (1) The average post-test score was in the medium category, (2) There is improvement of student's science process skills at α = 5%, (3) N-gain average score of student's science process skills was in medium category, and (4) There is no difference (consistent) n-gain on student's science process skills in all groups. Therefore the CCL model has proven to be effective to improve the science process skills of junior high school in physics learning. The implication of this research is that CCL model can be used as a solution to improve science process skills of junior high school in physics learning.

Gravity is a geophysical method that can be used to measure the contrast difference in subsurface density for the interpretation of geological structures. Gravity is a non-destructive geophysical method so it is widely used in subsurface research. Bali is an area with a complex tectonic order because of its location which is part of the east Sunda arc. Bali is formed due to the subduction process of the Indo-Australian Ocean crust transition zone with Australia's continental crust to the west and the Banda arc. This study aims to estimate the depth of sediment and limits of discontinuities of the island of Bali using the method of power spectral density analysis. The data used is gravity anomaly data from TOPEX on the island of Bali. Principle method of power spectral density analysis is to analyse the phenomenon of the harmonic oscillator in nature. The data of gravity obtained will be transformed using Fourier series so as to change the time domain into the frequency domain. From the results of processing obtained if the rocks on the island of Bali is a Miocene rock with an initial body density of 2.6 gr / cm3. The depth of shallow discontinuity ranges from 519.35 m hi to 5.92 km with an average depth of 2.63 km. While the depth of discontinuities in the range of 18.30 km to 69.62 km with an average depth of 43.39 km. It is estimated that the sediments of Bali island are shallow because of the rock age of the island of Bali which is still young adrift in the geological time scale.

Science education researchers argue that students' attitudes and beliefs toward science affect students' learning. In physics education research, questionnaires have been developed to measure students' views about physics learning and to investigate the relationship between views and conceptual understanding. This paper examines the relation between students' views about problem solving and students' performance in solving force problems. First year students who are being prepared to be physics teachers were involved in this study. For data collection, students were asked to fill out the Physics Problem Solving Questionnaire (PPSQ) and to solve two open questions of force topic at the end of the instruction. The PPSQ has 30 items which covers what students think about the role of math, representation, strategy during solving problems. The context of force problem addresses an object is placed on inclined plane and horizontal surface. The results indicate that students' attitude and performance have a positive correlation (r = 0.6; p < 0.01). Furthermore, students who have positive views about representations in the survey have high performance of drawing free body diagram as one of physics representations (the correlation is significant). Meanwhile, students' perception about math has not statistically significant with mathematical performance solving force problems.

Gravitational Waves had been fifth detected which is on PSR 1913+16 at 1974 until 1981 by Arecibo Telescope, on GW150914, GW151226, and GW170104 by LIGO and the last is on GW170814 by LIGO and VIRGO. The research made a binary system dynamic modeling by using linearization theorem and post-Newtonian formalism. This modeling is a binary system with two mass identically orbiting each other on the center of circular orbit. By this modelling will get decay orbital period of system for the fifth data of gravitational waves' detection is -1,073 x 10-12 for PSR 1913+16, -81,956 x 10-12 for GW150914, -2,56 x 10-12 for GW151226, -73,73 x 10-12 for GW170104, and -44,94 x 10-12 for GW170814. The result can inform us about time which using system to combine be a more massive system (a black hole or a pulsar).

The challenge of industrial revolution 4.0 in education demand innovative and student-centered learning, which is based on information and communication technology, and be ready to compete with another scope. The research purpose is to know the effect of the flipped classroom and the project-based learning model on student's critical thinking ability. The research sample is 38 students. The learning material is about The Substance Changes. The data collection used observation, questionnaire, and test. The result showed that the combination of Flipped Classroom and Project Based Learning Model gives the effect on student's critical thinking ability with the significant value <0.05. The critical thinking aspects like elementary clarification, basic support, inference, and advance clarification showed that the average of gain is 0.39(medium category). The Flipped Classroom and Project Based Learning Model were integrated with the website so the student could easily access the learning material. The models contributed an interesting, effective, the student-centered learning process. Besides, they also improve the student's ability and enthusiasm to solve the problem of daily life.

Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) is a hydrophilic polymer network that can absorb and retain a large amount of water in swelling conditions. SAH has been synthesized from Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with variations in weight (1.0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g, 2.5 g) grafted by poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and composited with natrium alginate (NaAlg). Samples were cross-linked using gamma-ray irradiation technique in a dose 10 kGy (at a dose rate of 5 kGy/hour). CMC can increase porosity and influence swelling properties. Characteristics of swelling properties in aqueous solutions which are influenced by weight variations of the CMC were evaluated, such as aquadest, urea solution with various concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) and salt solution of NaCl and CaCl₂ with variation of concentrations (0.09%, 0.9%, and 1.9%). The Swelling ratio in salt solutions decreased significantly compared to in aquadest. Swelling capacity increased with decreasing cation content (Ca²⁺<Na⁺). A different phenomenon occurs in urea solution, because urea is a neutral molecule, so the presence of urea molecules are not influenced by the electrostatic repulsion of COO⁻ groups in the polymer chain. FTIR measurement showed PAA grafting reaction on CMC and NaAlg cross-linked with gamma-ray irradiation. From SEM measurement the SAH had heterogeneous porosity.

The research purpose is to improve the students' concepts understanding of motion and force material through the optimization of learning resource based on planning, organizing, actuating and controlling (POAC) on conceptual learning. The researcher used quasi-experimental with the non-equivalent control group. The sampling technique was saturated sampling which used the population as a sample. The research sample was 40 students in Mathematics Education. The experimental group was taught the contextual learning with optimization learning resource based on POAC. The control group was taught the contextual learning without optimization learning resource based on POAC. The collecting data technique used observation, test, questionnaire, and documentation. The researcher used a t-test with independent sample test to compare the average of learning outcomes between the control and experimental group. The research results were: (1) there was an effect of optimization learning resource based on POAC to students' understanding concept that was showed by the significant value 0.00<0.05, (2) the average of learning outcomes of the experimental group was higher than the control group, (3) the average of the experimental group's N-gain was 0.540 (medium category) which was higher than the control group was 0.274 (low category), (4) the learning resource based on planning, organizing, actuating, controlling (POAC) helped the students to be more active in optimizing some structured, qualified, and functional learning resource on motion and force material.

The research aimed to reveal the influence of Problem Based Learning-Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (PBL-STEM)on students' problem-solving skills in the topic of the optical instruments. This research was quasi-experimental research using Pre- and Posttest Design. The research subject was 114 grade X students of MAN Tulungagung Indonesia. The classes used in the research, which were called Experiment 1, Experiment 2 and a control class received, respectively, PBL-STEM, PBL, and conventional learning models. The research instrument was students' Optical Instrument Problem-Solving Skills Test with 0.99 alpha Cronbach reliability. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc test, N-gain and effect size. The result showed that the learning model influenced students' problem-solving skills. Experiment 1 acquired significantly higher problem-solving skills than other classes, and Experiment 2 acquired significantly higher problem-solving skills than the control class. Both Experiment classes obtained an increase in problem-solving skills at a level higher than the control class. The practical implementation of PBL-STEM model had a medium impact than PBL class. Furthermore, PBL-STEM and PBL had a huge impact compared with the conventional class in increasing the students' problem-solving skills.

Hydrogen molecular ions are formed from Hydrogen molecules (H₂) that lose one electron due to a particular process, such as ionization. H₂⁺ is a ionic molecule and one of the interstellar molecules. When H₂⁺vibrates, inter-core interactions will occur. The interaction takes place from between the point dipole and the farthest proton. These interactions are called Van der Waals interactions. Van der Waals interaction is one of the interactions that occur in H₂⁺, in addition to ionisation energy. The presence of van der Waals interactions on H₂⁺ will produce a certain energy whose value is small. In previous research, it has been shown that Van der Waals interaction will decrease the energy value of solid and liquid structures. In this research, we calculate energy on ion molecular hidrogen H₂⁺ as a second order perturbation theory. Using data from Herzberg, the n = 0 vibrational energy level with harmonic oscillator approximation was obtained corresponding to Born-Oppenheimer potential. Based on perturbation theory, the vibrational energy varies with the order ofR⁻⁴ The simulations of vibrational wave functions both unperturbed and perturbed by van der Waals interaction show that difference between them is not significant. In particular, it is shown that the van der Waals interaction influence the shifting of the equilibrium point of H₂⁺ which depends on the parameter and internuclear separation. Ground state energy on ion molecular Hidrogen H₂⁺ in van der walls interaction is 0.087664 eV to 0.140693 eV

Growth parameters that parents often pay attention and monitoring for their infants are weight and temperature to determine the health condition of the infant. Parents don't realize that the size of the head circumference reflects the brain volume. The head circumference is an important thing that should always be monitored the growth to see whether the infant's brain grow and develop normally or not. Generally, doctors or midwives use a separate measuring instrument. The use of separate measuring instruments requires considerable time and digital measuring instrument. This study aims to make a tool in one system that consists of three measurement parameters including weight, temperature, and head circumference. The tool can record the parameters automatically. The parameters automatically measure the infant's weight, temperature, and head circumference to determine the condition of the infant. The tool is operated through IoT (internet of things) which can facilitate paramedic to monitor the infant's situation wherever and whenever through internet network that can be accessed via web or Android. The three parameters are controlled directly with the NodeMCU ESP8266 module using two ultrasonic sensors to determine the circumference of the infant's head, the weight sensor using load cell, and the temperature sensor using an SHT31 temperature sensor. It is expected that this tool can help the paramedic work to act quickly because it can monitor the state of the infant online.

The refractive index in the bent fibre optics and in curved space of the gravitational field are studied. We obtain the results that refractive index in the bent fibre optics is similar with refractive index in curved space of the gravitational field. Both results show that refractive index increases when light traverses through the bent fibre optics and curved space of the gravitational field. Based on analogy reasoning taken from fibre optics bending loss phenomena, we propose that if light traverses through curved space of the gravitational field, light will loss its energy. We calculate this energy loss numerically using bending loss model of Faustini-Martini. We find that light losses its energy around 467.7073 dB/m, when it traverses through curved space with radius of curvature R = 0.01 m due to massive object around 8.7 × 10²⁰ kg.

Researchers had conducted research and development to produce simple machines props and its usage worksheet. Simple machines props were developed aimed at trained students' science process skills. The researchers also describe the feasibility of simple machines props. The feasibility was seen from the validity of props and worksheet; practicality; the effectiveness; and student's science processes skill. The props are tested by 34 students of class VIII SMPN 26 Banjarmasin. The research method was the ADDIE development model. The data collection techniques were through pretest-posttest, response questionnaires, and questionnaires of validation for 2 media expert and 1 learning expert. The result shows that the simple machines' props were highly valid criteria (4.225) and the worksheet had a valid criteria (3.85); the practicality of the props was considered practical based on student response with good category (benefit = 78.24, efficiency = 68.32, convenience = 73.87); The effectivity of the props was effective based on the N-gain score with high criteria (0.69); and the student's science processes skill had good criteria. The conclusion is the simple machines props is feasible to use as media to train and improving science processes skill of junior high school's students.

This research was aimed to produce physics modules, containing Quranic verses, that were valid, practical and effective to the train the character of local wisdom. This research was a research and development by using ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model. Data was collected by observation, questionnaire and test. The Instruments used were the module validation sheet, questionnaire, test of learning result, and questionnaire of student character achievement. The module developed was validated by three experts. The module has been tested on 30 students of class IX state junior high school 11 Banjarmasin. The results of the study include: (1) The results of validation of learning experts and material experts had valid categories; (2) the practicality of modules developed based on student responses had high practicality categories; (3) Module effectiveness had medium category; and (4) the attainment of local wisdom in the form of baiman, bauntung, and batuah, were in good value. The conclusion is that the solar system module containing Quranic verses to train the character of local wisdom is worthy of use in high school learning.

In this study, researchers developed Lectora-based interactive multimedia on the topics of kinetic gas theory. This research was intended to describe the feasibility of interactive multimedia in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This research used ADDIE model design. The developed interactive multimedia was implemented on 39 students of class XI IPA 1 SMA PGRI 6 Banjarmasin. Instruments used are media validation sheets, questionnaires, and learning result tests. Interactive multimedia is validated by 2 validators of academics and 1 validator of practitioners. The result of the analysis shows that the developed interactive multimedia has a very valid category, a very practical category, and high effectiveness category. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the developed interactive multimedia was considered feasible to use in the process of high school physics learning.

This study aimed to describe the improvement of writing science skill after the implementation of the Life Skills oriented learning model in the 21st Century. This research was conducted at several State Junior High Schools in Bone Bolango District, Gorontalo Province in the even semester of 2017/2018. This research was experimental research with One Group pretest-post-test design. The assessment instruments used writing science test and observation sheet. The results showed that students' writing science skill improved with the N-gain value in the medium category. The improvement of writing science skill occurred in all writing science indicators which were science vocabulary comprehension, identifying investigated problems, providing evidence for solving problems / questions and providing evidence-based explanations.

Physics teaching materials for a junior high school in Banjarmasin have not yet contained the criteria for scientific literacy component. Therefore, a development is carried out to produce physics learning materials based science literacy based on validity, effectiveness, practicality, achievement of scientific process skills, and attainment of student attitudes. The type of research is research and development using ADDIE model. The instruments used are learning materials validation sheets, lesson plan observation sheets, learning outcome test, science process skill observation sheets and the attitude observation sheet. The subjects of the try out are 29 students of the seventh grade SMPN 9 Banjarmasin. The result shows that the validity of teaching materials is categorized as valid, the practicality is categorized as highly practical, the effectiveness is categorized as moderate, the achievement of the scientific process skills is categorized as very good and the attainment of student attitudes is categorized as good. Based on these results, it can be concluded that this physics teaching material based on science literacy are feasible to use in learning process.

Tritium Atom is a Radioisotope that has a half-life of 12.3 years. This atom produces beta decay with a maximum generated energy of 18.598 KeV and an average energy of 5.7 KeV. Tritium radiation is still relatively safe, so it is widely used in the field of electronics especially in the development of betavoltaics batteries. This research will delve into the effect of 3-dimensional external electric field on Tritium energy on the ground state. The method applied in this research is Rayleigh-Schrodinger Perturbation Theory, which also encompasses second order correction. In addition, by reviewing the movement of electrons fast enough to surround the nucleus, then the relativistic effect will also exert effect to the energy of Tritium atoms. The 3-dimensional electric field effect (in the x, y and z axis) will give different energy shifts with the 1-dimensional perturbation effect. This shift of energy will have an impact on the binding energy of nucleus and electron. The results of mathematical calculations have proven that a significant shift in energy only occurs in a strong external electric field, approximately higher than 1 × 10¹¹V/m.

Effect of hydrogen dilution on deposition rate, energy band gap, localized state defect - through observation of energy absorption Urbach, and surface roughness of intrinsic thin film was investigated using RF-PECVD. Films were grown on ITO glass substrate. Analysis of energy band gap was conducted to determine changes in the structure of a thin film of a-Si:H. Energy band gap is important to determine the portion of the spectrum of sunlight that is absorbed solar cells. The sun's rays with energy greater than the energy band gap will be absorbed by the solar cell, but the rest will be the thermal energy which results in low efficiency. Characterization using UV-Vis spectrometer and Tauc's plot methods showed that wide energy band gap was greater for larger hydrogen dilution. Moreover, the increase of the hydrogen dilution will decrease the rate of deposition and the Urbach energy. It is estimated that with an increased dilution of hydrogen will be obtained μc-Si:H film structure. This structure is more conductive due to the reduction of residual bandtail defect or dangling bond defects.

This study is purposed to describe the effectiveness of Android based teaching materials for physics learning at vocational school (SMK). Digital teaching materials that are made consist of learning materials equipped with video and animation that can be played through an Android-based smartphone. This research implemented pre experimental design based on one-shoot study case. The effectiveness of Android-based digital teaching materials is examined based on concepts understanding and respons of students. The subject of the research is 40 students of SMK in Surabaya. The concepts understanding is measured by exam test and the students' response is measured based on Likert-scales. The data analysis used is a descriptive statistic. Android-based digital teaching materials are effective if the average score of students' conceptual understanding ≥ 60 and the percentage of students' responses ≥ 61% (good or very good). The results obtained are: the average score of students' conceptual understanding x = (85 ± 6) and students' response is categorized very good (percentage of effectiveness are 85%). The results showed that Android-based digital teaching materials are effective to use in Physics learning process at vocational school.

The purpose of this research is to describe the effectiveness of scientific approach through the website in Physics learning process at Vocational School. The defined scientific processes are: observing, making inquiries, reasoning, trying, and communicating. The type of research is pre-experiment by using a one-shot case study design. The effectiveness is viewed from the scientific processes, conceptual understanding, and students' responses. The subject of this research is 50 students of Multimedia skill program of SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya. The students' concept comprehension scores are obtained from the test, while the measurement of students' scientific process and response use a Likert scale. Data analysis used is a descriptive statistic. The learning process is effective if the student's scientific process and response percentage is ≥ 61% (good or very good), and the student's conceptual understanding average score is x ≥ (70 ± 10). The results obtained are 1) the score of the scientific process is categorized good, 2) students' response is categorized very good, and 3) the average score of students' conceptual understanding x = (76 ± 9). The results showed that the application of the scientific approach through the website is effective to use in physics learning process at vocational high school.

The purpose of the research is to describe the effectiveness of Android-based Physics interactive media to train students' thinking and process skills. The thinking defined are: analysing, evaluating, applying, generating ideas, expressing ideas. The process skills defined are: observing, classifying, inferring, predicting and communicating. The type of research is pre-experiment by using a one-shoot case study design. The effectiveness of the media is reviewed from the success of training thinking and process skills, as well as student responses. The subject of this research is 40 high school students. The measurement of thinking, process skills, and student response use a Likert scale. Data analysis used is descriptive statistics and correlation. Android-based physics interactive media is effective if the percentage of thinking, process skills, and student response ≥ 61%, and the correlation coefficient between thinking and process skills r ≥ 0.7. The results obtained are 1) the score of students' thinking is categorized good, 2) the score of process skills are categorized good, 3) Students' response is categorized very good, and 4) the correlation coefficient between thinking and process skills is r = 0.73. The results showed that Android-based physics interactive media is effective to train students' thinking and process skills.

The ability to solve physics problems and the ability to think critically are important factors in this fourth industrial revolution era. These abilities can be developed in teaching and assessment. The aim of this study was to enhance senior high school students' physics problems solving ability and critical thinking ability through the implementation of problem based learning (PBL) - based Physics module and authentic assessment. The study used a Posttest Only Control Group design by involving 78 twelfth grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja Bali who were distributed into an experiment class of 39 students and a control class of 39 students. The classes used had been tested for their equivalence with t-test. The data of the study were analysed using MANOVA. The students' problem solving ability was measured with a problem solving test and their critical thinking ability with a critical thinking test. The results of the study showed that 1) the physics problem solving ability was higher for the students who learned by using PBL-based module with authentic assessment compared to that of those who learned by using PBL based-module and conventional assessment; 2) the critical thinking ability of the students who learned with PBL-based module and authentic assessment was higher than that of those who learned by using PBL-based module with conventional assessment; and 3) simultaneously, the problem solving ability and critical thinking ability of those who learned by using PBL-based module with authentic assessment were better than the problem solving ability and critical thinking ability of those who learned by using PBL- based module with conventional assessment.

This study aimed to identify students' problem-solving skills on rotational dynamics. Thirty-two high school students were given five multiple-choice questions where the students should explain their answers. Then, the students' explanations were analysed to identify their problem-solving skills according to five aspects, including useful description, physics approach, specific application of physics, mathematical procedure, and logical progression. The students' skills in each aspect were categorised into expert and novice solvers. The results showed that the average percentage of expert solver students in the five aspects were 64.4%, 70.6%, 51.9%, 35.2%, and 38.1%. Students who were in the expert category on the aspect of useful description, physics approach, and specific application of physics were not certainly categorised as an expert on the mathematical procedure aspect. The mistakes in mathematical procedures were mainly caused by the students' carelessness in formulating a moment arm or their failure on the previous steps. This finding can be used as a useful input for designing a learning sequence to improve students' problem-solving skills, especially in the aspect of mathematical procedure about rotational dynamics.

Measuring the lubricating oil foam is used to measure the physical properties of the foam stability of lubricants. Lubricant tendency to produce a foam on its use in mechanical systems can be a problem because of the loss of lubrication properties and maintenance costs as a consequence. Foaminess measurement system is expected to have an advantage in terms of ease of foam high readings for the analysis of foam stability. In this paper, digital image segmentation method is used for the measurement of foaming at the foam stability of lubricating products. Segmentation techniques applied to extract the image to get the height of the foam in a glass tube using the camera. Foam stability related to the height of foam produced during a certain time period necessary to disappear at a certain temperature. In the experiment, a series of measurements on three types of lubricant products using comparative analysis in order to compare their foam stability objectively. The results showed that the instrument system based on the image segmentation that has been developed capable of measuring the foam stability of lubricants.

A simple spray-coating method of immobilized TiO₂ particles on the transparent plastic has been successfully applied in a photocatalytic wastewater treatment process. This method was initiated with a coating of adhesive polymer on plastic using doctor blade technique followed then by a spray-coating process of titania. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂-coated plastic sheets were tested with the decomposition of Methylene Blue (MB) under solar exposure. Eight layers of the coated sheets have the most powerful degradation effect of about 99% after 6 hours of irradiation. The reusability of the titania coating has also been investigated and still has a powerful photodecomposition ability of removing 98% of the MB compound.

This research aims to determine the effect of a project-based learning model to improve the understanding of materials about electric machines. The majority of students who take electrical machine courses only understand the theory of electric machines but have not applied directly. In this research, students are directed to make learning media of micro-hydro power plant system. The research was conducted in Electrical Engineering Education Study Program of Universitas PGRI Madiun on the sixth-semester students who attended Electrical Machinery course. The sample consists of 17 students in the Electrical Engineering Department of the Education Universitas PGRI Madiun. The technique of collecting data using observation and test. The results showed that the implementation of project-based learning model with learning media of micro-hydro power plant can improve students' understanding of the given material. Through the learning process by utilizing micro hydro media students can understand the working principle of the electric machine directly and its relationship with the power plant system with the medium N-Gain score. These results suggest that micro-hydro power generation media can be an effective way to deliver fairly complex and abstract material to students.

The relationship between volcanic activity and the occurrence of non-DC earthquakes with dominant vertical tension or pressure is known as vertical compensated-linear-vector-dipole. This study aims to identify whether the earthquake that occurred in Southwest Keerom, Papua, around Jayawijaya Mountains on July 17th, 2014 was a volcanic earthquake or tectonic earthquake based on the results of the CMT solution. The results of this study also provide reinforcement of the previous studies result both in terms of magnitude and the epicenter depth. For the magnitude, not all of the Mw volcanic earthquakes are less than 3, but it proved that there were volcanic earthquakes that had a magnitude of Mw 4.3 to 5.8. The CLVD vertical earthquake that was identified in this study was classified as a shallow earthquake.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of integrated Project Based Learning (PJBL), to integrate Telegram Messenger (TM) and Plagiarism Checker (PC) on student learning outcomes. The sample consisted of 20 students as an experimental class and 20 students as a control class. The experimental class was given a learning treatment using the integrated PJBL model and PC while the control class used conventional models (lectures, discussions, presentations and demonstrations). Data collection techniques used observation, documentation, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis techniques used Independent Simple T-Test. Learning outcomes show that the application of the TMBL integrated TM and PC models are effective in the learning process. Statistical test with Independent Sample T-Test shows that there are differences in learning outcomes between the control class and the experimental class. Significant differences indicate that the experimental class has a mean value of 81.00 better than the control class with a value of 73.30. The PJBL model makes learning interesting, students actively learning, actively collaborating, and practicing project management. Learning becomes meaningful because students feel the knowledge gained can be applied. TM as mobile learning as a connector between face-to-face and online learning. Plagiarism is a supporter of learning independence, preventing students from plagiarism in every assignment given.

Dolomite is a double salt consisting of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and magnesium carbonate (MgO) and is one of the two forms of limestone. This dolomite can be found in the Bangkalan area, which only used as the landfill and making light stone. Existence the great potential for dolomite as a biomaterial then in this research was carried by making CaCO₃/MgO from dolomite using a simple calcination method at 600°C, 700°C and 800°C for one hour. The results of the calcination then carried out of XRD characterization. From the results of XRD found that the CaCO₃/MgO phase was formed optimally at a temperature of 700°C.

The atomic level study of NiTi alloy at high temperature is very important to understand the mechanism of NiTi fabrication, in partial the process during the hot working. In the atomic investigation using molecular dynamics simulation, the use of the interatomic potential greatly affects the results. Therefore, the suitability of the interatomic potential applied in some specific condition has to be examined. In our previous work, we have tested the performance of EAM and MEAM potential to reproduce the lattice constant of NiTi alloy. Our previous results have shown that the MEAM potential work better than the EAM potential. In this research, we further investigate the performance of EAM and MEAM type potential to describe the melting behavior of nickel, titanium, and NiTi alloy. We find from the current result that the accuracy of the MEAM potential is better than EAM potential in high temperature MD simulations.

The Activated Carbon/rGO supercapacitor electrode from coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) in this research has been successfully synthesized using dry mixing method. In this study the mass composition of composite used 10 wt% rGO and 90 wt% Activated Carbon. To find out the capacitance of the electrode was performed cyclic voltammetric characterization at a scan rate of 1-5 mVs⁻¹ in a 1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte solution. Electrode characteristic test used is BET and CV test. The CV characterization results show the best capacitance value occurs at scan rate of 1 mV/s ie 336 Fg⁻¹. At a low scan ra te on cyclic voltammetry, the electrons have a long time to diffuse evenly to the electrode surface and the greater the charge transfer resulting in higher capacitance values. Conversely, the higher the scan rate, the electrons can diffuse rapidly and the charge transfer process on the electrode surface is very limited.

Misconceptions has been commonly found during teaching-learning process in senior high school, including in Physics subjects. These misconceptions may affect students' understanding of subsequent concepts. Therefore misconception should be detected earlier. This paper reports the work to develop a misconception diagnostic test instrument in the four-tier format for Work and Energy concepts and to analyze the validity of the instrument. The instrument was being tested to 50 students in one of the Science Classes, 11^th grade in Senior High School 4 Sidoarjo. Based on the trials, it can be known that the developed instrument is valid, both internally and externally. The reliability index is also bigger than the reference value. This also implies that the intended instrument is reliable. Therefore it can be concluded that the developed four-tier format diagnostics test is proper to use.

Magnesium titanate-based ceramic dielectrics (MgTiO₃) has been recognized as a favourite material for antenna fabrication in the microwave frequency communications industry as well as for other electronic applications, such as chip capacitors, high-frequency capacitors, temperature compensating capacitors and dielectric resonators. Various compositions of MgTiO₃-based ceramic dielectrics have been fabricated using different starting materials and preparation methods. The dielectric performance has also been reported. This paper is devoted to report the initial work on a series of new composition of Mg(Ti_1-xSn_x)O₃ powders for x = 0 – 0.04 prepared from liquid mixing method using metals powders as the starting materials. The phase composition and the particle size distributions in the systems were analysed and discussed in this paper.

Beboo is a bilingual (English-Indonesia) interactive e-Book with virtual laboratory feature. Beboo has been developed in Static Fluids Concept for teaching package. It contains many contents like pressure, hydrostatic pressure, Pascal law, Archimedes law, capillarity, viscosity and surface tension. In experiment process, this e-Book supports the virtual laboratory, U-Pipe system. Beboo is designed to succeed the international program in senior high school level in Indonesia as the learning source. Twenty-four students have been used Beboo in the classroom. This particular research explored the student responds to this e-Book. Students have been tried the U-pipe virtual laboratory and determined the density of the fluid from that activity. As the result, students found Beboo to be a positive learning experience with all the content, language, media and learning aspects state in a good and very good category. It means the student can use and simulate the experiment to determine the density of the fluid. However, students have a problem in language aspect. The data showed this aspect state in lowest respond percentage (73%) than others.

Higher order thinking skills (HOTs) is 21^st century learning trend. This study to determine the effect of inquiry-based laboratory on the Students' HOTs in learning harmonic vibration. The method used descriptive quantitative true-experiment. Sampling technique using randomized control group pre-test and post-test design. The sample was 69 students, consisting of two experimental groups (n = 46 students) and one control group (n = 23 students). The experimental group is taught by inquiry-based laboratory activities, while the control group is taught by not inquiry-based laboratory activities. The result of this research shows that the experimental groups got gain score are 0.57 and 0.54, while the control group got gain score is 0.13 and both groups proved to have statistically significant different improvement. It means experimental groups have ability to Analyse, evaluation and create.

The National Examination is for measuring the success rate of student learning at school and mapping the quality of Education in Indonesia. To fulfill the objectives of the National Examination, an instrument is needed to represent the standards set by the Indonesian government. This research is a qualitative study that aims to analyze National Examination Questions in 2017/2018 based on Bloom's taxonomy and National Examination Questions Standard. Data collected by analyzing the samples National Examination questions in 2017/2018 using operational verbs in Bloom's taxonomy and grouping topics based the standard. Based on the research, it was found that most question is in the applying cognitive domain (C3), that is, 35 %, when the least question is in the creating cognitive domain (C6), that is, only 2.5%. According to the National Examination Questions Standard, the most topic in the National Examination in 2017/2018 are "Force and Motion" and "Electric, Magnet and Modern Physics" with the same amount of 22.5%. The National Examination Questions Standard is too general in writing down cognitive levels and the topics that appear on the question.

Coconut shell is one of the carbon sources in nature that can be converted into reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO). There are several methods of rGO synthesis based coconut shell, one of them is hydrothermal method. It's has been synthesized rGO based coconut shell using hydrothermal method with variation of calcination temperature, that is 900˚, 1000˚ and 1100˚C. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy to see the effects of variation of calcination temperature on rGO characteristics. From the FTIR results it was found that the three samples had a C = C group which is the main rGO molecule bond. Besides the 2 main peaks of rGO, XRD results also show the existence of peak impurities, that is sylvite and sulphur peaks. The ratio of I_D/I_G decreases as the temperature of calcination increases which increases the regularity of the carbon atom and the decreasing defect.

Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite has been synthesized and applied as supercapacitor electrodes. Graphene was synthesized by oxidation of graphite followed by reduction of graphite oxide to form reduced graphene oxide then transformed into graphene by reduction with NaBH₄. The graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite was prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline in graphene suspension with a variation of the composition. Characterization of samples was conducted using FTIR spectrometer, XRD, and SEM. Specific capacitance was obtained from the cyclic voltammogram (CV) curve taken using the potentiostat/galvanostat. FTIR spectra shows the presence of functional groups indicating the formation of a graphene/polyaniline composite. Results of XRD analysis indicated the presence of crystal phases of graphene and polyaniline. Morphology of graphene is looked like a rather thick sheet while graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites are looked like clumps which are an incorporation of graphene and polyaniline nanoparticles. The highest specific capacitance of the supercapacitor fabricated with graphene/polyaniline electrode was 128 F/g.

The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic relationship of metformin on glucose levels after the administration of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pharmacokinetics of metformin was assessed using intravenous glucose tolerance tests before and after metformin administration. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disturbance which is caused by the pancreas that cannot produce enough insulin or body cannot use insulin which is produced effectively (low insulin sensitivity). Therefore, there is glucose level concentration escalation inside blood, where blood glucose level is more than normal level or known as hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus signed by muscle resistance and tissue to insulin, the decrement of insulin produced in the pancreas, and glucose absorption in the liver. Giving metformin to type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects increased glucose absorption in periphery tissue and liver but it did not impact insulin because metformin worked similarly to insulin and it did not impact beta cell function, so after or before metformin given, insulin concentration would not change, the effect of decrement of glucose following the concept of decay.

Conceptual understanding is needed for students to build correct knowledge. This study aims to identify the student's understanding of work and energy concepts in online hybrid learning. This research is a quantitative research by using descriptive method (descriptive-quantitative) that in the data analyzing using amount of size or frequency. The results showed the understanding of the students' initial concepts on the work and energy as a whole including in the sufficient category. Besides, it is obtained that students are adept at using mathematical formulas to do work and energy, but still difficult to understand the concept of physics. The results of the analysis also showed that students responded well to online hybrid learning.

Fabrication activated carbon/PANi electrode from coconut shell was successfully made using the simple heating method. Polymerization of PANi using chemical polymerization method showed the oxidation form was emeraldine salt. The highest specific capacitance was 289 F/g at the 1 mV/s for the 18 wt% of PANi. The stability of the electrode cycle of activated carbon/PANi lasted up to 20 cycles with a decrease of the capacitance value of 21.9%. The stability of this cycle indicates that the electrolyte accessibility is good. Alloys of activated carbon and PANi have been shown to strengthen the stability of PANi. Activated carbon has good cycle stability and PANi has good conductivity so that these two materials contribute to each other.

One of the competencies in Curriculum 2013 is having the skills to apply knowledge in doing scientific inquiry, while the skills are divided into two kinds: concrete and Achievement of these competencies can be determined by assessment. The information of student's ability given by authentic assessment is believed to be more holistic and valid, one of them is performance assessment. It is conducted to assess how appropriate the students in completing their tasks in the form of action or deed. The aim of this research is to obtain a description of the practicality and percentage of agreement of performance assessment instruments on measurement topic for 10^th grade secondary school. This research subject of trial as many as 19 students in 10^th science class at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya with trial design one group pre-test post-test. Data are collected by using observation and direct questionnaire methods. The results showed that the practicality of the instrument based on the implementation of the assessment and the results of student responses fulfills the practical criteria and agreement between observers on the implementation of product performance assessment and process performance assessment are well categorised.

Fe₃O₄@rGO composite synthesis has been successfully made in three stages. First, synthesis of Fe3O4 particles from the iron sand with coprecipitation method. Second, the synthesis of rGO from coconut shell by ultrasonication method. Third, the synthesis of nanocomposite Fe₃O₄@rGO using a wet mixing method by mixing Fe3O4, rGO, and alcohol. The XRD characterization results show that the phase structure of the Fe₃O₄@rGO composite is successfully formed. The presence of FTIR supports this results in the form of wave absorption patterns identified as having Fe-O, C = O and C = C bonds which state that Fe₃O₄ surface modification has been successfully carried out using rGO. Also, the results of the VSM characterization showed that the saturation magnetization in the sample was 23.5 emu/g. This value is high, and the increasing rGO in the composites, the magnetic components become relatively lower which results in full magnetization values decreasing, and the results of TEM characterization show that Fe₃O₄@rGO nanocomposites have successfully formed core-shell formations.

The laboratory skills of pre-service physics teacher need to be improved, especially for first-year students. Students in the first level need a primary material that will be useful in conducting activities in the laboratory. Because as a potential physics teacher, pre-services are required to have good basic skills to apply for the next level nicely. One of the materials that must be mastered by students is related to measurement systems including knowledge of the types of measuring instruments, physics units, and how to use the measuring tool. The research based on this mixed method will explain the value of the students' needs in the first level of the measurement material in the laboratory. The resulting data is in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data include survey results related to the material requirements of the measurement system for students, while the qualitative data includes the results of interviews with the students about the extent of their knowledge in laboratory activities. The results of the data analysis show the teaching materials needed to improve the students' knowledge of the measurement field. Further data analysis results will be used to develop textbooks relevant to the needs of students in the material of measurement systems.

The aim study, Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ composites have been synthesized through two stages; first, the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ particles from iron sand material (from Lumajang area, in Indonesia); second, the synthesis of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ using the in-situ method by mixing Fe3O4 nanoparticles with ammonia, ethanol, and TEOS (as precursor SiO₂ Nanoparticles) in one pot as a chemical reaction site. The Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ composites were then characterized using XRD and FTIR, VSM and TEM. Characterization results showed that the phase structure of the Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ composite was successfully formed. The findings are supported by the functional group vibration data on FTIR, and the identified absorption pattern has Fe-O-Fe and Si-O-Si bonds which states that the surface modification of Fe₃O₄ has been successfully carried out using SiO₂. The VSM test results showed that the magnetization saturation of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ composites was 18 emus/g and based on the TEM test results it was seen that Fe₃O₄ particles were coated by SiO₂ particles with Fe₃O₄/SiO2 particle size of ∼ 100 nm.

The purpose of this research is to know how the Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) learning strategy is able to remediate misconception experienced by students. This research was onset by the existence of educators who are not quite precise in choosing learning strategies in accordance with the characteristics of the material, thus resulting in high misconception among students. The research method used was Quasi-Experimental with Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The population of this research was the students of the eleventh grade with 30 students as the sample of the research obtained by using purposive sampling technique. The sample class was given treatment through POE learning strategy. The instrument of data collection used was tested (pretest and post-test). The results showed that POE learning strategy was able to improve students' misconceptions seen from the reduction on the percentage of misconception in problem 2, number 4, and question number 19. It can be concluded that POE learning strategy is effective to remediate the eleventh-grade students' misconception of temperature and heat materials.

This study aims to analyze the competence of physics teachers in teacher education programs (i.e. PPG) post-SM-3T. The data of physics teacher competence is measured by using the Physics Teacher Competence Test Instrument (PTCTI). The subjects of this study were students of Teacher Education Program Post-SM-3T in 2018. The data analysis used the qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that (1) The average of physics teacher competence is 38.89 (Low); (2) The competence of professionalism is the difficulty of physics teachers to interpret problem-solving that requires multi-representation and high-order thinking skills; and (3) The pedagogic competence, especially in designing and implementing physics lesson is still low. The implication of this research is the need to increase the competence of physics teachers through innovative learning that has been declared qualified (valid, practical, and effective).

The study examines the effect of integrated remediation on momentum and impulse with conceptual interactive instruction to decrease the number of student misconception on Senior High School. The research employed the experimental method using pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design and was conducted at SMAN 7 Pontianak involving 35 students of class X MIA taken by the intact group through random sampling technique. A diagnostic test which consists of 18 multiple choice questions. The misconception decrease was analyzed for significance by using McNemar test and DQM (The decreasing Quantity of the student that Misconception). The result shows that the integrated remediation of misconception on physics learning has a positive effect on students' misconception.