Abstract
Ordinary Portland cement manufacturing can be affected to over 5 per cent of global CO2 emissions a demand for cement continues to rise. The architecture sector led planners and architects to look for alternate cemented materials for potential use in concrete buildings. Such natural admixtures like metakaolin and kenaf fibres can be used to alter pozzolanic behaviour and mechanical properties in concrete. The chemicals used by the SCM in construction to replace cement such as metakaolin not only minimize carbon dioxide emissions, but also greatly increase workability and longevity. The metakaolin is replaced with cement in 5%,10%,15% and 20% by its weight. The Kenaf fibre is added in concrete about 0.5% and 1% by the volume fraction of cement.
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This article (and all articles in the proceedings volume relating to the same conference) has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an extensive investigation in line with the COPE guidelines. This investigation has uncovered evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication process and considerable citation manipulation.
IOP Publishing respectfully requests that readers consider all work within this volume potentially unreliable, as the volume has not been through a credible peer review process.
IOP Publishing regrets that our usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication, and have since put additional measures in place to try to prevent these issues from reoccurring. IOP Publishing wishes to credit anonymous whistleblowers and the Problematic Paper Screener [1] for bringing some of the above issues to our attention, prompting us to investigate further.
[1] Cabanac G, Labbé C and Magazinov A 2021 arXiv:2107.06751v1
Retraction published: 23 February 2022