Geoecological trends of natural and anthropogenic transformation of soils of Vyatka Ridge in the Holocene

The paper presents the morpho-analytical characteristic of the sod-podzolic soil section with the second humus horizon (SHH) located in the contact zone of the southern taiga and mixed forests of the east of the Russian Plain (Kirov region, Russia). The SHH is 17-25 cm deep from the surface, has darker color and is substantially different in many properties from the overlying humus horizon of modern soil. A retrospective analysis of spontaneous and technogenic history of modern landscapes of the research region and its soil cover was carried out based on the triune provision on soil as a focus, a mirror and memory of the landscape supported by analytical methods. It was shown that over the past 7,000 years, under conditions of retarded biocirculation, a number of properties and features of the early Holocene biocenoses have been partially preserved in modern soils, starting from the depth of 17 cm. Soil farming can fundamentally change the properties of polygenetic soils with SHH, thus making tem almost fully losing their retrospective and prognostic functions.