Oleamide as palm-oil based substance for silica-loaded styrene butadiene rubber compound: The cure and crosslinks behaviors

Oleamide is an amide substance that can be made from oleic acid of palm oil with urea. Since palm oil is a type of agriculture product, the oleamide is an environment-friendly or (semi) sustainability additive for rubber compounding. In this research, the oleamide was applicated in making the silica-loaded of synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) at an opened two-roll mills. In this study, effects of oleamide incorporations on cure and level of crosslinks of silica-SBR compounds were observed. The SBR was loaded with thirty parts per hundred (phr) of SBR and, they and other compounding substances i.e., stearic acid, zinc oxide, antioxidant, accelerator, antioxidant and sulphur were compounded with semi-efficient formulation. The oleamide was incorporated with a series of amounts from 2 to 8 phr. It was found that the oleamide incorporations exhibited faster times in cure and scorching; The oleamide also exhibited a lifting up of delta torque and crosslinks level for the silica-SBR compound. The 2 phr incorporation of oleamide to silica-SBR was the optimum concentration which exhibited the greatest delta torque and level of crosslinks of silica-SBR vulcanizate.