Improving the problem-solving skills through the development of teaching materials with STEM-PjBL (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-project based learning) model integrated with TPACK (technological pedagogical content knowledge)

The biggest challenge for teachers in this industrial revolution 4.0 is to create a learning design that improves students' problem-solving skills. Many students face difficulties in applying physics concepts in life since their problem-solving skills are relatively low. Therefore, valid, practical, and effective teaching materials with the STEM-PjBL model integrated with TPACK can be used as the breakthrough. This learning tool is packaged in five steps with various learning experiences, and the students are directly involved in using ICT, making a video, PPT, and using moodle. This research and development used 4D design with four stages, i.e., 1) define, 2) design, 3) develop, and 4) disseminate. In the define and design stages, need analysis and development of draft teaching materials were carried out. Development is an expert validation stage, and its results were declared as very valid. Dissemination is a limited trial phase with one group pretest-posttest design to see its practicality and effectiveness. The results of dissemination were stated to be very practical, showing that the learning plan can be well implemented. The students' problem-solving skills increased after they attended learning by using the developed device. Other findings showed that students were more excited, happy, and comfortable in learning physics.