Abstract
Different types of InGaAs/GaAs deep-etched quantum
wire (QWI) structure were successfully fabricated by
high-energy electron beam lithography on GaAs(100) surfaces.
A selective wet-chemical-etching technique, preceded by chemically
assisted ion-beam etching, reduced the controlled lateral
dimensions of the wires to ~10 nm due to strong
under-etching. Various types of wire in the [01] and
[011] crystallographic directions were prepared by the combined
etching method. The side-walls of the wires were defined by the
selectively etched low-index crystallographic planes. A
molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown graded InGaAs/GaAs quantum well was
realized at the narrow `neck' region of the wires, thus
providing the strongest possible lateral confinement of the QWI
structure. Consequently, similarly to the selective growth of
self-narrowing ridge structures, selective wet-chemical etching
induced a controlled self-narrowing of the wire structures.
Scanning electron microscopy images of the QWI nanostructures
showed smooth side-walls defined by the crystallographic planes.
Low-excitation photoluminescence spectroscopy of the structures
revealed extremely high quantum efficiency and a size-dependent
blue shift as a result of the strong lateral confinement.