Table of contents

Preface

The 4th International Conferences on Geological, Geographical, Aerospace and Earth Sciences 2016 (AeroEarth 2016), was held at Four Points by Sheraton Bali, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia during 04 - 05 June 2016.

The 1st AeoroEarth 2013, 2nd AeroEarth 2014 and 3rd AeroEarth 2015 were already held succefully in Jakarta, 2001; Kuta Bali, 2014 and Jakarta, 2015 respectively.

The 1st AeoroEarth 2013, 2nd AeroEarth 2014 and 3rd AeroEarth 2015 have already been published in EES IOP: http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/19A, http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/23A, http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/30A respectively.

The theme of AeroEarth 2016 is "Recent Trends in the Geosciences"

Earth provides resources and the exact conditions to make life possible. However, with the advent of technology and industrialization, the Earth's resources are being pushed to the brink of depletion. Non-sustainable industrial practices are not only endangering the supply of the Earth's natural resources, but are also putting a burden on life itself by bringing about pollution and climate change.

A major role of earth science scholars is to examine the delicate balance between the Earth's resources and the growing demands of industrialization. Through research and development, earth scientists have the power to preserve the planet's different resource domains by providing expert opinion and information about the forces which make life possible on Earth.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all in the Technical Program Committee who have reviewed the papers and developed a very interesting Conference Program as well as the invited and plenary speakers.

This year, we received 68 papers and after rigorous review, nine papers were accepted.

The participants come from six countries. There are two Parallel Sessions and four Keynote Speakers.

It is an honour to present this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) and we deeply thank the authors for their enthusiastic and high-grade contribution.

Finally, we would like to thank the conference chairmen, the members of the steering committee, the organizing committee, the organizing secretariat and the financial support from the conference sponsors that allowed the success of AeroEarth 2016.

The Editor of the AeroEarth 2016 Proceedings.

Dr. Ford Lumban Gaol Bina Nusantar University

1.Prof. Ee-Peng Lim

Title: Multimodal Sensemaking using Social Media Data

Abstract:

As social media becomes an integral part of daily lives, it captures interesting user generated content and behaviour data that can be sensed and analysed. While social media companies use the insights learnt from such data to improve their user interface and experience, there are many other interesting insights that help us improve urban environment and public services. Social media data also offers a cheap and scalable approach to perform sensemaking on the urban environment. In this talk, we will showcase a few ongoing research projects in the Living Analytics Research Centre (LARC) which focus on multimodal sensemaking using social media data. The talk will share some new machine learning methods and systems to profile users, locations, and public transportation services. The reasonably good accuracy of these methods also allow them to be deployed in urban application solutions.

Biography:

Ee-Peng Lim is a professor at the School of Information Systems of Singapore Management University (SMU). He received Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. His research interests include social network and web mining, information integration, and digital libraries. He is the co-Director of the Living Analytics Research Center (LARC) jointly established by SMU and Carnegie Mellon University. He is currently an Associate Editor of the ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS),

ACM Transactions on the Web (TWeb), IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), Information Processing and Management (IPM), Social Network Analysis and Mining, Journal of Web Engineering (JWE), IEEE Intelligent Systems, International Journal of Digital Libraries (IJDL) and International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining (IJDWM). He was a member of the ACM Publications Board until December 2012. He serves on the Steering Committee of the International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL), Pacific Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD), and International Conference on Social Informatics (Socinfo).

2.Prof. T.C. Chang

Title: Critical Tourism Studies in Asia: Issues and Questions

Abstract:

When King and Porananond (2014: 6) first used the phrase "[to] Asianise the field" in their edited book Rethinking Asian Tourism: Cultures, Encounters and Local Response, they were encouraging greater indigenous scholarship in Asian tourism studies. It is their belief that Asian scholars working in and on Asia bring useful insights and unique perspectives that might differ from non-Asian research, thereby creating more holistic understandings of the world. Such an Asian-centric scholarly inclination has bloomed particularly in the 2000s following increasing numbers of Asians on tour, greater intra- and domestic-tourism within Asia, and the opening of new travel destinations throughout the continent. Around the same time as this surge in Asian tourists and indigenous tourism scholarship is an increasing attention paid to 'Critical Tourism Studies' (CTS). The basic premise of CTS is the application of social-cultural theory in tourism analyses, the acknowledgement of researcher bias, and a challenge to mainstream knowledge through a focus on the 'Other' (which might include the marginalised, oppressed and the indigenous among other interest groups). In this presentation, I will consider the 'global' scope of CTS and the 'local' field of Asian tourism knowledge in three ways. Firstly, we will examine what is critical about CTS and how it has evolved over time. Secondly the implications of CTS for Asian tourism research will be explored, and finally issues and questions surrounding critical Asian tourism scholarship will be surfaced. It is the aim of this talk to envision the full potential of CTS if the breadth and depth of 'local/Asian' tourism knowledge is brought to bear on its 'global/lofty' research agenda.

Biography:

T.C. Chang is an Associate Professor at the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore (NUS). He was also Assistant and Vice Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (NUS) from 2008 till 2015. He is the co-editor of two books on Asian tourism: Interconnected Worlds: Tourism in Southeast Asia (with Peggy Teo and K.C. Ho; Elsevier, Oxford) and Asia On Tour: Exploring the Rise of Asian Tourism (with Tim Winter and Peggy Teo; Routledge, London and New York). His research interests include Asian tourism knowledge; urban tourism and urban development issues; arts, culture and creativity.

3.Dr Kao Cai

Title: An Innovative Model for Municipal Solid Waste Collection Routing in Singapore

Abstract: To collect and dispose growing amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW) changed to be a hot topic along with the rapid urbanization in past decades. Cities are more and more dependent on the incineration instead of landfilling due to the cost-efficiency and environmental concerns. Considering the limited number of incineration plants and complicated situation of transportation in both spatial and temporal dimensions in different cities, the optimal routing for waste collection turns to be meaningful research topic. In this research, the ant colony optimization (ACO)-based multi-objective routing model coupled with min-max model and Dijkstra's algorithm is proposed to address the question of which route to take from these waste-generating points to the target incineration plant(s) considering travel time, accident probability (black spots), and population exposure, so as to support the routing decision-making. The model is successfully implemented in Singapore and the effectiveness of the model has also been justified. Besides, few limitations of this research have also been discussed, some of which would also be the future directions of our research, especially the design and integration of a web-based routing decision-making support system.

Short Bio:

Dr. Kai Cao holds a Ph.D. degree in Geography from the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong and obtained his B.S. and M.Phil. degrees in Geography from Nanjing University in China. Prior to joining Department of Geography at NUS, he had also worked in Center for Geographic Analysis at Harvard University, Department of Geography at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and World History Center at University of Pittsburgh respectively. His current research interests center on GIScience and its applications, especially on the topics of spatial simulation and optimization, cyberinfrastructure and geocomputation, land use planning support and urban mobility.

4.Prof. Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari

Title: Renewable Energy Deployment in Indonesia; opportunity and challenge

Short Bio:

Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari is Professor in Electrical Engineering Udayana University. She hold PhD from The University of New South Wales in 2003. Her research areas are in Power Plant, Renewable Energy and Power Transformers. She is Head of Magister Program of Electrical Engineering, Udayana University.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Many fields in offshore Malaysia suffer from the presence of shallow gas cloud which is one of the major issues in the basin. Seismic images underneath the gas cloud often show poor resolution which makes the geophysical and geological interpretation difficult. This effect can be noticed from the amplitude dimming, loss of high-frequency energy, and phase distortion. In this work, the subsurface will be analyzed through the geophysical interpretation of the converted P-S data. This P-S converted dataset was obtained through ocean bottom cable (OBC) procedure which was conducted at a shallow gas affected field located in Malaysian Basin. The geophysical interpretation process begin by picking the clear faults system and horizons, followed by thorough post-stack seismic data processing procedure. Finally, the attributes analyses were implemented to the seismic section in order to image the unseen faults system. The interpreted seismic sections show significant improvement in the seismic images, particularly through median filter process. Moreover, the combination of structural smoothing and variance procedure had contributed to the correct faults location interpretation.

The accurate migration of seismic data is conditional on the parameters which are nominated. The effective velocity used in residual processing for migration is small compared to the original migration velocity. Considering traveltime computation is a significant part of seismic imaging algorithms. Conventional implementation of Kirchhoff migration is essential for precomputing a traveltime table from the categories involving traditional ray-tracing methods and finite difference eikonal solvers. In this paper, we examine the accuracy using, the eikonal solver and paraxial ray tracing traveltime computation in pre-stack Kirchhoff depth migration. This hybrid traveltime technique can be applied to a variety of problems related to faults, fractures, and complex region. To evaluate the relevance of this identical traveltime technique, we applied on a Marmousi data set.

Typhoon-induced storm surge is the largest threat to the Zhanjiang Coast of the northern South China Sea. In this study, we report on two processes of storm surges generated by Typhoons Rammasun (TR) and Kalmaegi (TK) with similar tracks at this region. Results show that the peak of the storm surge during TK (with a maximum value of 4.50 m) was significantly larger than that during TR (with the maximum value of 2.60 m), although the intensity of TK (Category 4 with 40 m s^-1 maximum wind and 960 hPa central air pressure) was much weaker than that of TR (Category 6 with 60 m s^-1 maximum wind and 910 hPa central air pressure). Comparisons of the typhoon properties and astronomic tides reveal that the peaks of storm surge were closely related to typhoon maximum wind radius, typhoon moving speed, and tide-surge interaction rather than typhoon intensity during the two cases, indicating complex dynamics of storm surge at the Zhanjiang Coast.

The elastic and electrical properties of low resistivity pays clastics reservoirs in Malay Basin are strongly dependent on the complex nature of the clay content, either dispersed or laminated/layered. Estimating the hydrocarbon pore volume from conventional electrical log, i.e. resistivity log, is quite a challenge. The low elastic impedance contrast also found as one of the challenge thus create a problem to map the distribution of the low resistivity reservoirs. In this paper, we evaluate the electrical properties and elastic rock properties to discriminate the pay from the adjacent cap rock or shale. Forward modeling of well log responses including electrical properties are applied to analyze the nature of the possible pays on laminated reservoir rocks. In the implementation of rock properties analysis, several conventional elastic properties are comparatively analyzed for the sensitivity and feasibility analysis on each elastic parameters. Finally, we discussed the advantages of each elastic parameters in detail. In addition, cross-plots of elastic and electrical properties attributes help us in the clear separation of anomalous zone and lithologic properties of sand and shale facies over conventional elastic parameter crossplots attributes. The possible relationship on electrical and elastic properties are discussed for further studies.

Climate change mitigation in developing economies is a balancing act, between economic development and environmental sustainability. The need for market friendly determinants for low carbon economy, without compromising economic development is of essence. The aim of the study is to determine market friendly factors, which motivates voluntary carbon information disclosure, in the real estate industry. The study modeled economic factor with three variables and financial market factor with three variables against voluntary carbon information disclosure in the real estate industry. Structural equation modeling was used for the modeling and content analysis was used to collect data on the level of voluntary carbon information disclosure, from 2013 annual reports of 126 real estate sector companies listed in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). The model achieved a good fit, and was acceptable prediction. The results show that financial market factor has a significant predictive influence on voluntary carbon disclosure. The application of the result is that financial market factor is has a significantly positive influence on companies' willingness to make voluntary carbon disclosure in the real estate industry. The result may be limited to the real estate industry that is highly leveraged on syndicated fund.

Enhanced oil recovery plays vital role in production phase in a producing oil field. Initially, in many cases hydrocarbon will naturally flow to the well as respect to the reservoir pressure. But over time, hydrocarbon flow to the well will decrease as the pressure decrease and require recovery method so called enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to recover the hydrocarbon flow. Generally, EOR works by injecting substances, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) to form a pressure difference to establish a constant productive flow of hydrocarbon to production well. Monitoring CO2 performance is crucial in ensuring the right trajectory and pressure differences are established to make sure the technique works in recovering hydrocarbon flow. In this paper, we work on computer simulation method in monitoring CO2 performance by seismic and resistivity model, enabling geoscientists and reservoir engineers to monitor production behaviour as respect to CO2 injection.

Reservoir characterization is one of the most crucial processes in the exploration of hydrocarbons. Thus, having sufficient information such as the lithology and fluid distribution of a reservoir is vital. With the application of Simultaneous Seismic Inversion, we will be able to improve the prediction of the lithology and fluid distribution of the prospect area, as it generates information such as Density (ρ), Lambda-rho (λρ) (Incompressibility), and Mu-rho (µρ) (Rigidity). Real data from the Malay basin were used to show the effectiveness of this method in enhancing the resolution and characterizing the gas sand layer of the prospect.

The purpose of this study is to determine the ranks of Indonesian and Japanese industrial sectors from the economic point of view. The analysis period of this study is 2005. This study employs one of the well-known analysis tools in the economic topic, the Input-Output (IO) analysis. More specifically, this study uses the analysis methods in the IO analysis, backward and forward linkages, in order to achieve the purpose. The results of calculations show that the orders of the ranks depend on the method used. Nevertheless, from the results, one can say that the manufacturing industry was a leading sector in the Indonesian economy on the analysis period. On the other hand, for the Japanese case, the sector which had the beneficial effects in the Japanese economy on the analysis period was the transport.

For a third world country like Bangladesh, satellite and space research is not feasible due to lack of funding. Therefore, in order to imitate the principles of such a satellite Balloon Satellite can easily and inexpensively be setup. Balloon satellites are miniature satellites, which are cheap and easy to construct. This paper discusses a BalloonSat developed using a Raspberry Pi, IMU module, UV sensor, GPS module, Camera and XBee Module. An interactive GUI was designed to display all the data collected after processing. To understand nitrogen concentration of a plant, a leaf color chart is used. This paper attempts to digitalize this process, which is applied on photos taken by the BallonSat.