Table of contents

Preface/Introduction

The quest for knowledge has become part of national main agenda. In line with the country's aspiration to enhance research and development in the country, UniMAP has been proactively involved and initiating programs and events, which would encourage high impact research encompassing various fields of expertise.

The Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) has been playing a significant role in this quest by taking up this challenge. Thus, one of the initiatives grabbed by the Green Advanced Computing and Technology (GREAT), CEGeoGTech is in organizing this conference itself, which provides a fine platform for knowledge sharing and research ideas exchange in the field of Big Data, Cloud Computing, Green and Sustainable Computing, Technology Science and Management in Sports.

This is indeed an opportune moment to strengthen the bond among researchers and professionals from the academics, the industries and the public sectors in sharing new ideas, and in collaborating future research activities. The importance of interaction and networking among peers are the inspiration of this joint conference. I would like to congratulate the organizing committee and all parties involved for their sheer dedication and tireless effort in making this joint conference a great success. I hope that all participants will have a productive and pleasant conference.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Today, most universities worldwide have initiated the green campus campaign. In line with the campaign intention to sustain and create healthy learning environment, we developed a system, which aims to facilitate the management of recycle program as part of green campus initiative. Smart Green Management System (SGMS) is a mobile crowdsourcing-based system with a capability to help fast-managing and coordinating recycling effort between the green university council and green city council. This system allows access from any mobile devices at anytime and anywhere. Centralized participatory crowdsourcing method is the key approach in developing this system. In this approach, the crowd is tasked with finding and collecting information into a common location and format. It is ideal for information gathering, organization, and reporting problems, which are demonstrated by SGMS.

Functionality of wireless power transfer is yet to be utilized for the purpose of sustaining a green environment. This paper presents a critical review on the functionality of mid-range wireless power transfer using magnetic resonance coupling. Simulation of a 4-coils magnetic resonance for mid-range wireless power transfer is performed using CST microwave studio. The radius of source and load coil are 3 cm, while the radius of the transmitter and receiver coil are 5 cm. Distance between the source coil and load coil is set at 4 cm and resonance magnetic frequency is observed. At the load coil, electric field is achieved at 2140 V/m and surface current is recorded at 52.21 A. The change in impedance along the transmittance are plotted and discussed.

Rate of failure of software's and information systems are high among the world and there is a dire need for engineering a systems quality framework works a success measure tool in the context of the study domain. Success measure of systems and developing a framework helps in solving the problem of higher rate of systems failure. Success measure is also, an important part of systems development to improve systems performance. However, studies showed a lack of research done on systems success in world universities Arab region universities and Yemeni universities and limited adequate frameworks. Systems especially the web-based faces high rate of failure in world and Arab region, it was observed that many funded system projects failed, it was also, noted that in Yemen systems were completed and implemented without evaluation and success measuring. The Yemen higher education management information system (YHEMIS), is a large-scale application developed and implemented without evaluation. Hence, this research measures the YHEMIS application by investigating into the factors that influence user satisfaction and system use which will further show the benefit of the system. The research findings showed that information quality, system quality and management support influenced the use and users' satisfaction and played a vital role in the success of YHEMIS. The findings showed that students' satisfaction have the strongest effect on the perceived net benefits YHEMIS brought for the students. This study provides the first empirical data on the evaluation of web-based systems success conducted on YHEMIS in Yemen. Based on the results, stakeholders can get the feedback to improve the systems and provide input to develop other software projects. The research findings can provide the support to the management of Hadhramout University to other online system projects. Hence, YHEMIS can be said to be successful and users (students) satisfaction can be considered as the indicator of systems success and benefit.

Wireless power transfer would be the niche of research in next decade which is significant to reduce the cable and charges consumption for electronic devices. This paper presents the simulation result of electric and magnetic wave behaviour in mid-range wireless power transfer and various transmission distance in the range of 8 – 16 cm. Simulation result using CST microwave studio shows that scattering parameter in the power transmission decreases from 0.6509 down to 0.5137 with the increase in distance. The transmitted electric field at the receiver decreases from 1615 V/m to 1086 V/m whereas the magnetic field decreases from 32.63 A/m down to 24.85 A/m. Results show that 4-coils magnetic resonance coupling is an ideal approach for mid-range wireless power transfer.

Household formation trend is closely linked with the numbers of population. Meanwhile, the formation of households is largely influenced by the composition of the adult population that are measured by headship rate. This paper attempts to project headship rate which acts as a main predictor in determine potential housing demands. Population and Housing Census data from year 2000 and 2010 has been used in this projection headship rate for Johor state. Modified two-point exponential method was applied to determine the headship rate. All the data was categorized into five years interval for the ages between 15 to 80+ years old. Results indicate that the projected headship rates for age 15-19 and 20-24 are significantly decreased. However for the age's groups 40-44, 50-54, 55-59 75-79 and 80+ years old, the projected headship rate increased until year 2020. This demonstrates, the decreasing ability of young people under 25 years to become homeownership as compared to people from the age groups of 40 years and above. The findings of this study could be used as a basis for the government to identify numbers of potential housing demand in Johor.

Using wireless sensor nodes in monitoring systems have attracted significant attention over the past few years. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are key technology that extensively applied in many fields, such as transportation, health-care and environment monitoring. Different applications of WSN require different structure of nodes deployment form. For example, pipelines, border and Highway monitoring system, these applications have produced a special class of WSN in which nodes deployed in linear structure to form a linear wireless sensor network (LWSN) that extended to long distance area. In this paper, Applications and classification of LWSN are presented. Also, related works of data collection approaches in LWSN are provided, which classified into two categories named multi-hop data collection approach and mobile data collection approach (MDC). In addition, cons and pros in the existing approaches and future trends are also discussed

One of the most critical problem and challenging in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to reduce energy consumption in order to prolong network lifetime of WSNs. Clustering technique is one of the techniques which have been used to provide energy efficiency.. However Most of clustering schemes select the cluster head either randomly without considered important parameters or based on centralized approach by utilizing the base station which can affect the network scalability. In addition, single hop communication is used by CHs to forward their sensed data to the CH which lead to increases energy consumption of CHs in large scale network. Therefore in this paper clustering scheme is proposed based on distributed approach, different parameters are consider for cluster head selection and also for multi-hop communication. Results shows that the proposed scheme have better performance in term of energy consumption and number of alive sensor nodes

Nowadays, the protection of transferring data is important to prevent the data hack easily. Advanced Encryption Standard with Galois Counter Mode (AES-GCM) plays an important role to provide high assurance of authenticity and data confidentiality in electronics, computers and other communication applications. This paper presents the implementation of AES-GCM by using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and AES-GCM designs in parallel-pipelined to achieve high performance in term of throughput and latency. The implementation of AES-GCM in FPGA by using 128-bit of input data block, Initialization vector (IV) and Additional Authenticated Data (AAD) to provide a high speed of authenticated encryption / decryption. The key length of AES-GCM is 256-bit to provide the high security system and the operation of key expand designed in parallel to optimize operation time of AES-GCM. The proposed architecture is designed in Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and implemented using DE1-SoC with Cyclone V device. A parallel-pipelined of AES-GCM is introduced and it is operated at 10 MHz, achieved throughput of 16.84 Gbps, utilized of 11,196 slices. AES-GCM is carried out with the key-length of 256-bit is suitable to perform at high speed of electronic applications in term of security.

This research presents a comparison of haversian canal based microstructural parameters between Malaysian citizens. The ages ranges from 22-58 which was divided into four groups of each decade. In each decade comparison was done on haversian canal based parameters between the two Malaysian ethnic groups Chinese-Indian. Parameters in long bones femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna and radius were measured under microscope by obtaining the bone thin section of 30 microns from the mid-shaft. Eight microscopic images were taken from each specimen having an observation region of 1.228mm² for each image. In the third and sixth decade, haversian canals showed relatively larger total covered area in Indian bone specimens. Haversian canal radius was found to be greater in Chinese bone specimen in the fourth decade. The fifth decade showed no differences. Further studies are required to validate the outcomes, compare other ethnic groups and development of automated microstructures identification and measurement tools.

Age at death and sex are the key information required at a crime scene investigation or archaeological exploration. A number of morphological techniques are present to estimate age and sex from human bones. These techniques showed good result when major parts of human bones were present. In cases, where only fractions of bone are present, these techniques become irrelevant. Bone histological techniques can be applied on bone fragments to estimate age and sex. Age estimation using these techniques has been the key focus of research over the last few decades. At the early stages of these techniques, some researchers reported no relation of sex with histological changes. This made sex a by-product of age estimation or was left unconcerned. Bone histology of human changes with region, race and age. This paper presents the history of histological sex determination. Comparison of different researches was given with regards to region of research, selection of bone and microstructural parameter selection. A discussion concludes this paper with overall research done, and what future work can be done to improve histological sex determination.

Bone microstructures have the capability to record the variations in its structure that occur during the life span. These variations can be analysed to estimate human age at death. This study analysed 30 Malaysian male samples in order to create a regression equation for age estimation. Bone samples were collected from human long bones i.e humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula and femur. Two morphological and five histological variables were selected for analysis. Cortical thickness and medullar cavity diameter did not show any significant relation with increasing age however haversian canal parameters and osteon count showed significant correlation with age. Regression equation with lowest SEE 7.2 was based on Haversian canal area, haversian canal radius and osteon count. The regression equation estimated age at death within 10 years of range for 85% samples. The mean value of the known ages was 39.8 years while the mean value of the estimated ages was 37.03 years. Increasing number of samples including female samples for further research might produce promising results.

Electric field pulses can make living cell membrane electroporated either reversibly or irreversibly. This study determined the effects of electric field pulses on HeLa cancer cell viability. First set of experiment-Pulses electric fields (control, 200V/cm, 400V/cm, 600V/cm, 800V/cm, and 1000V/cm) with fixed pulse width (200µs) were performed on HeLa cells. Second set of experiment - Pulses width of (control,100µs, 500µs,1ms,5ms,10ms) with constant electric field strength of (600V/cm) were performed on HeLa cells. Number of pulses fixed to 1 for both sets of experiments. The quantitative determinations of cell viability measurement were performed by the aid of haemocytometer and trypan blue staining. The data shows that HeLa cell viability decreases as the electric field strength and pulse width. This is because electric pulses alter the cell's transmembrane potential, causing disruption of the lipid bilayer, and increase the cell membrane permeability. Efficient electroporation outcome only will be gained by fine tuning the appropriate electric field parameter according to the application needed.

This paper researches a food code and food ingredient translator mobile application based on Android called Food Code Breaker (FCB). FCB functions to decipher food based chemicals or food additives which are represented by unique barcode numbers called E-numbers. FCB incorporates an easy to use and multi-option code reader food code translation platform with an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system integrated within the application. The aim of this research is to be able to provide an affordable, accessibl and easy to use system that helps consumers to identify and verify the halal, vegan and allergy status of the ingredients listed in food wrappings or packaging via its multi-option code reader and OCR technology. The outcome of this research is an android mobile application that reads food ingredients in either textual or image formats and is able to provide a customizable languages translation feature to help consumers with foreign languages translation. FCB will be particularly useful for travellers with dietary restrictions, whether religious, ethical, or allergy related.

A Software-Defined Network (SDN) architecture was proposed to enhance the performance, flexibility and scalability of networks. However, SDN features such as centralized controlling, network programmability and virtualization present new security challenges to networks. This article will address security challenges related to SDN connection data transfer channels (i.e., control layer and infrastructure layer) and propose a novel connection data transfer channels architecture based on an OpenFlow protocol. Existing SDN OpenFlow protocols rely on higher layer secure mechanisms such as TLS (Transport Layer Security) / SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) sessions. It is concluded that the transfer of secured data using elliptical curve encryption provides a more efficient SDN network. The proposed architecture was implemented in a testbed and its security features were analyzed.

A Software Defined Network (SDN) is a relatively advanced way to implement communication networks. The decision making SDN separates the control layer, which determines where the packets are sent, from the basic infrastructure (also known as the infrastructure layer or data plan) which restores the packets to the specified destination. The newly emerging standard for enactment is the OpenFlow protocol, which contains a standard protocol for communications between the control layer and the infrastructure layer. This study analyzes the impact of OpenFlow single and multi-controllers on the performance of the OpenFlow protocol network. The research was conducted using the discrete event network simulation, omnet++, and involved analyzing the main network metrics including End to End Delay and Throughput. The results indicate that the type of controller used has a clear impact on the performance of the network.

Violation of the disabled rights has become one of the highly debated issues in today's local community. Nowadays, the community is less aware of the abuse that occurs in their surroundings. In disabled-parking spaces context, it has become common to violate that allocated spaces without guilty. Having this situation is a complete disaster as it now becomes a norm for the non-disabled to park at the disabled-parking spaces. This project aims to design and develop alarm system in securing the parking spaces for the disabled by using current technology which is Internet of Things (IoT). The components used are Arduino UNO, RFID RC522 reader, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, LED and buzzer as the alarm. This product system caters the understanding on how to protect the disabled-parking spaces.

This project describes the development of a sign language translator that converts sign language into speech and text by using wearable device. The glove-based device is able to read the movements of a single arm and five (5) fingers. The device consists of five (5) flex sensors to detect finger bending, and an accelerometer to detect arm motions. Based on the combination of these sensors, the device is able to identify any particular gestures that correspond to words and phrases in American Sign Language (ASL), and translate it into speech via a speaker and text which is displayed on an LCD screen. This article explains mainly on the hardware design of the device. Based on preliminary experimental results on nine (9) simple sign languages, the device demonstrated an average value of 0.74 s to convert a sign language into speech and text, which demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed device.

Cell behavior in terms of adhesion, orientation and guidance, on extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including collagen, fibronectin and laminin can be examined using micro contact printing (MCP). These cell adhesion proteins can direct cellular adhesion, migration, differentiation and network formation in-vitro. This study investigates the effect of micro-contact printed ECM protein, namely fibronectin, on alignment and morphology of HeLa cells cultured in-vitro. Fibronectin was stamped on plain glass cover slips to create patterns of 25µm, 50µm and 100µm width. However, HeLa cells seeded on 50µm induced the best alignment on fibronectin pattern (7.66° ±1.55SD). As a consequence of this, 50µm wide fibronectin pattern was used to see how fibronectin induced cell guidance of HeLa cells was influenced by 100µs and single pulse electric fields (PEF) of 1kV/cm. The results indicates that cells aligned more under pulse electric field exposure (2.33° ±1.52SD) on fibronectin pattern substrate. Thus, PEF usage on biological cells would appear to enhance cell surface attachment and cell guidance. Understanding this further may have applications in enhancing tissue graft generation and potentially wound repair.

Green energy is the energy generated from nature such as water, wind, solar and wave that aimed to reduce environmental damage or destruction, sustain the use of energy and natural resources as well as promote the use of renewable energy. This study aimed to analyse the electrical energy generated by the three types of living plants selected at the parking area of the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education and design a lighting system for the parking area by using living plants as the source of energy generation. This study consisted two phases, Phase I: Analysing the energy generated from the living plants; and Phase II: designing the lighting system for the parking area phase using living plants. The result of the analysis of the energy produced by living plants showed that the selected living plants are able to produce energy with the sufficient amount needed by the lighting system at the parking area. Based on the analysis of the generation of energy from living plants, the lighting system was designed by using step-up circuit and the charging circuit. In conclusion, living plants should be fully utilized as part of the energy resources to generate energy.

This paper presents the analysis of DC-DC buck converter for renewable energy application. Renewable energy resources mostly produce DC voltages that are used DC-DC converter to convert the DC voltage from one level to another level according to different applications. This DC-DC buck converter is used to step down the high level DC voltage to low level DC voltage. By varying the duty cycle, the performance of buck converter in term of its output voltage can be obtained and analysed. Simulations have been performed using PSIM and validated with hardware implementation. All of the results are recorded and showed that very low voltage can be produced using this topology.

Eyes are part of an organ in a human which is important for vision especially retinal. Retinal images are used to detect and diagnose many diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. Diabetic retinopathy is the name given to disease of the retina due to diabetes. The eyes have to be examined by an optometrist to detect the lesion. Diabetic retinopathy symptoms may include blurred vision, difficulty reading and also vision loss. Generally, DR patients perceive no symptoms until visual loss develops which happens usually in the later disease stages when the treatment is less effective. DR is not a curable disease, but laser treatment can prevent major vision loss if detected in the early stages. In this paper, a fundamental of DR was studied included stages, causes, symptoms, and risks. This study will give the direction for a researcher in order to propose a new DR detection method.

Document image binarization is one important processing step, especially for data analysis. In this paper, a new binarization based local thresholding technique 'WAN' was presented. The proposed algorithm is known as 'WAN' after the first name of the author in this paper. WAN has been inspired from the Sauvola's binarization method and exhibits its robustness and effectiveness when evaluated on low quality document images. The objective of the WAN method is to improve the Sauvola method and achieve a better binarization results, specifically, for non-uniform document images. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the WAN method is the most effective and efficient (f-measure 72.274 and NRM = 0.093) compared to the Sauvola method, Local Adaptive method, Niblack method, Feng Method, and Bernsen method.

Document image binarization is one important pre-processing step, especially for data analysis. Extraction of text from images and its recognition may be challenging due to the presence of noise and degradation in document images. In this paper, seven (7) types of binarization method were discussed and tested on Handwritten Document Image Binarization Contest (H-DIBCO 2012). The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive review methods in order to binary document images in the damaging background. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the Gradient Based method most effective and efficient compared to other methods. Hopefully, the implications of this review give future research directions for the researchers.

Document image binarization contributes significantly to the success of the document image analysis and recognition challenging tasks. Image quality can play an important role in addressing the issue of binarization effectiveness. In this paper, a comprehensive review of document database was presented. Review based on image from Document Image Binarization Contest (DIBCO) 2009 to 2012 consists handwritten and printed image. The best algorithm for each year is discussed and analysed. Implications of the review give the direction for future binarization approach developments.

Image enhancement is a fundamental step and plays an important role in image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision. Image enhancement can sharpen the edges of objects in an image, making it easier to extract objects and attain more information from the enhanced image. In this paper, a few popular image enhancement methods based Fusion Method was studied. This paper presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments of image enhancement methods. Each method shows the owned advantages and drawbacks. In future, this work will give the direction to other researchers in order to propose new advanced enhancement techniques.

Image enhancement can be considered as one of the fundamental processes in image analysis. The goal of contrast enhancement is to improve the quality of an image to become more suitable for a particular application. Till today, numerous image enhancement methods have been proposed for various applications and efforts have been directed to further increase the quality of the enhancement results and minimize the computational complexity and memory usage. In this paper, an image enhancement methods based on Histogram Equalization (HE) was studied. This paper presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments of image enhancement methods. Each method shows the owned advantages and drawbacks. In future, this work will give the direction to other researchers in order to propose new advanced enhancement techniques.

In the controlling three phase AC motor especially permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), good controller is required to achieved the desired target of speed. This paper presents a comparison among different technique of speed and position estimation by using Proportional and Integral controller (PI) tune by using Heuristic, MATLAB PID auto tuner and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method of sensorless control for PMSM. The reason of this study is to identify which method can produce better result. Simulation that have been conducted by using PSO optimization technique h produced better result than the conventional controller in terms of system parameter such as rise time (Tr), settling time (Ts), percent overshoot (%Os), percent undershoot (%Us) and root mean square error (RMSE) of PMSM.

This paper concentrates on the emergence factors and themes that surfaced as result of paper and online course evaluation activities among students at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) that have never been reported prior to this. Before the online course and lecturer evaluation practices every semester, students need to fill out the form manually in order to evaluate the courses and lecturers, and this brings a lot of disadvantages and problems to the university. School of Human Development and Technocommunication (iKOM) has initiated the online course and evaluation approach, and is now being utilized by all schools at UniMAP. This research and innovation has also been awarded gold at the 11^th Innovative and Creative Convention held at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) in 2015. The actual research attempted to assist the university to improve its way of handling and processing information that occurs every semester or biannually by focusing on factors that contribute to its predicament for staff and students at UniMAP. In addition, the research seeks to understand the antecedents, contexts, and prevailing conditions that influence it as well as the phenomenon, the coping strategies, and the consequences resulting from the coping strategies. Using a grounded theory methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted on students and staff from different schools at UniMAP. The data were analyzed using NVivo 10 by methodically coding and categorizing the data in open, axial, and selective coding to arrive at a model development. Working hypotheses were obtained based on informants' individual comments and experiences that uniquely contribute to the body of knowledge on this new phenomenon at UniMAP. The involved elements derived from the model are the antecedents, the phenomenon itself, the coping strategies by informants, and the consequences resulting from these strategies. The significance of this study lies in its attempt to provide a working framework for reducing the dilemma when the time comes to execute staff and course evaluation that will eventually add up to time and money lost. This study is hoped to benefit all the parties: staff, students, the university, and other stakeholders to maximize the benefits of online evaluation practices. At a time when most assessments are done online around the world, this research is both timely and necessary.

One of essential elements at disaster relief camps is electricity supply. Categorized under disaster preparedness, it is required to support humanitarian aids, provide security and convenient for the victims involved. The objective of this project is to design a standalone DC power system for a disaster relief camp at Kota Bharu, a capital for Kelantan State located at east coast of Peninsular Malaysia from renewable energy resource which is solar PV. The methodology of the project are configuring DC load demand, sizing PV array and battery bank from solar energy resource and load demand and lastly simulation of the design system by using PVsyst. In general, a relief camp will consist of basic electrical appliances such as lightings, fans and hand-phone chargers while in common area could be equipped with flood lightings, air-conditioning unit and refrigerator to store foods and medicine. The solar PV array, battery bank and DC bus regulator power rating are designed accordingly to the local meteorological data and load profile based on desired operating schedule. The system operates in stand-alone mode in which the power is fully supplied in DC voltage. The energy generated from solar array will be stored in the battery bank while the operation and management of the system is controlled and coordinated by local controller to ensure energy optimization system. The amount of user's load demand is 8,820Wh per day. Based on solar energy resource, the optimum PV array size is 3.0kWp while the battery bank size is 900Ah at 48V which is designated for 4 days of autonomy. The system could meet up to 99% of load demand throughout the year except for December with 62.3% performance ratio. The loss to the system is contributed by the temperature effect to the PV module ohmic wiring loss, unused energy because of battery full, converter efficiency and battery efficiency.

Apart from technical and generic skills, employers start looking for manpower with green skills which are much needed for promoting sustainable development in social, economic as well as environment. This article aimed at finding out the major green skills demanded by the green industry based on the existing literature. In the present study, document analysis was employed. The published articles and technical reports related to green skills in various disciplines were identified from electronic databases that includes ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Academia. The findings from literature review revealed that there are ten most common green skills demanded by various industrial sectors, namely, design skill, leadership skill, management skill, energy skill, city planning skill, landscaping skill, communication skill, waste management skill, procurement skill, and financial skill. The role and directions of skill training institutions should be aligned with the needs and wants of the industrial sectors. Therefore, it is imperative for the skill training institutions to revise and revamp their curriculum in order to produce graduates with green skills to cater for the demand of manpower market.

Partial discharge (PD) diagnostic on high voltage (HV) power cables is a modern technology in order to investigate the insulation health. The trending technology such as wireless sensor network (WSN) and internet of thing (IoT) are mostly process in digital signal by microprocessor where looking toward on automatic system. The high performance of analog to digital converter (ADC) in term of sampling rate which is much expensive in order to convert the high frequency of analog PD signal that captured by Rogowski coil (RC) sensor. Thus, this paper propose the implementation of the Sigma-Delta (∑Δ) ADC topology in Altera DE0-Nano development board as an effective method in this work to replace the conventional ADC chip and the cost is minimal. Then, peak PD detection technique is applied after the conversion of the digital PD signal. The Verilog hardware description language (VHDL) is used in Quartus II software which corporate with Altera DE0-nano development board for the prototype development. In order to achieve the accurate digital sampling of high frequency PD signal, the N-bit of voltage resolution is paramount.

Building sector is a major energy consumer that represents a significant area of research in energy sustainability efforts. Building system is essentially a complex system that can be viewed from a number of perspectives, including occupants, thermal conditions, climate, engineering systems, and management practices. In this paper, we have conducted a preliminary review on the research issues, challenges and opportunities in the field of sustainable energy management, from the perspectives of building informatics. Based on literature survey, we have reviewed the status-quo of existing practice and related research challenges in building energy management. We then present the existing building information collection and processing strategy, follow up with a discussion on how informatics is being applied for sustainable energy management. Based on our discussion, we have summarized four essential research areas that are worth investigating for future research, with in-depth discussion on the rationale, main issues and existing efforts in respective area.

A MEMS-based piezoelectric energy harvester is capable in producing the electrical output at certain level. The investigation on ability to successfully generating the electrical output power is highly recommended. Accordingly, an optimization on electrical output power based on micro-cantilever beam geometry is presented in this paper via simulation work using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Thus, four different geometries named as PPG 1, PPG 2, PPG 3 and PPG 4 are individually characterized. The simulation result shows the superior performances from PPG 2 which generating 393 mV of output voltage with 39 nA output current, while the output power is 15 nW at 10 MΩ optimal load and 1g vibration amplitude. The excitation frequency for PPG 2 is as low as 60 Hz. Therefore, the modification of micro-cantilever geometry is able to increase the production of electrical output power.

Implementation of Decision Support System for various purposes now can facilitate policy makers to get the best alternative from a variety of predefined criteria, one of the methods used in the implementation of Decision Support System is VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), VIKOR method in this research got the best results with an efficient and easily understood process computationally, it is expected that the results of this study facilitate various parties to develop a model any solutions.

Edge detection is one of the most frequent processes in digital image processing for various purposes, one of which is detecting road damage based on crack paths that can be checked using a Canny algorithm. This paper proposed a mobile application to detect cracks in the road and with customized threshold function in the requests to produce useful and accurate edge detection. The experimental results show that the use of threshold function in a canny algorithm can detect better damage in the road.

Determining the shortest path is one problem that is much discussed using some algorithm like Djikstra, Floyd Warshall and in this research an algorithm Breadth First Search are used, Breadth First Search algorithms in this study is used to determine the shortest route and optimal from a Cartesian field, the best and optimal route search experiment of cartesian areas using Breadth First Search algorithm can be perform very well and gets some route options from the best to the longest route.

The purpose of this reasearch to develop quality of education Private Universities in Medan. Competitive advantage of each Private university could be different one another but in this reasearch will give insight on how using internal resourch such as knowledge management will be benefitting the management. Higher education institution is aimed to become the center of development of education through research, teaching and outreach programs, technology development, art and social culture which will be expected to enhance the quality of life of people. There is increment number of students who finished Senior High School in Medan every year. With this reason, private universities are encourage to compete amongs them to atract new students to register. Therefore each of them must have a competitive advantage to become known by potential students and win the competition. The research is located in Medan, North Sumatera, with 100 respondents are Head of Study Programs from 11 universities in Medan. The research used Descriptive Statistic and Inferential in the data analysis. The analysis model is using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and calculated by AMOS. The result showed that Knowledge Management has significant relation with Competitive advantage and university performance.

Determining the shortest path is one problem that is much discussed using some algorithm like Djikstra, Floyd Warshall and in this research an algorithm Breadth First Search are used, Breadth First Search algorithms in this study is used to determine the shortest route and optimal from a Cartesian field, the best and optimal route search experiment of cartesian areas using Breadth First Search algorithm can be perform very well and gets some route options from the best to the longest route.

The security and confidentiality of information becomes an important factor in communication, the use of cryptography can be a powerful way of securing the information, IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) and WAKE (Word Auto Key Encryption) are some modern symmetric cryptography algorithms with encryption and decryption function are much faster than the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, with the combination experiment IDEA and WAKE it probable to produce highly secret ciphertext and it hopes to take a very long time for cryptanalyst to decrypt the information without knowing the key of the encryption process.

The library procurement materials is one of the technical services activities in a library as an effort to provide information needed by librarians. in doing the calculation of the procurement book (stock) of in library Universitas Malikussaleh still not automated and computerized and common error occurred on the the given amount of procurement the library because calculation was carried out using the tools count, with the application calculation book of stock it would make simply in calculation stock in library of Universitas malikussaleh. This application calculation stock of book is using deterministic dynamic programming algorithm for calculation process, deterministic dynamic programming itself is a method with gradually solutions and every stage will get an optimal solutions. By using this method it would know whether are the amount of stock of book has been Optimal. This Research conducted by the writer in unit. The library of Universitas Malikussaleh are taking total which start in 2012-2016 and the result by using dynamic programming deterministic algorithm is 270,779 as the optimal solutions in 2016.

Lip reading or speech reading is a skill of understanding speech by watching the speaker's actions. Main factors that will lead to a good speech reading, and these are: lip reading experience, good language knowledge, normal vision, good verbal short term memory, and familiarity with the speaker. Hence, this study aims to develop a model that will recognize the spoken English letters through lip reading. This study focuses on the analysis of lip reading through video processing. The video that was used in the experiment was limited to pre-recorded videos of the subjects pronouncing each letter of the English language. The test subjects are limited to a total of thirty Filipino English speakers, composed of 15 men and 15 women, to be specific. Out of the thirty subjects, two of them was an expert in speaking the English language. The test subject does not have a moustache and beard, also that the test subjects does not have lip deformation, and lastly the test subjects are limited to do extra unnecessary movements. The authors created their own image database that was used in the experiments. They pursued the experiment in a controlled environment consisting only of supplemental lighting. The camera that was used to record the video is a DSLR camera using a 640x424 image resolution running at 24fps. Only the movement of the exterior lip region is included in the experiment without regarding to the movement of the tongue and teeth. Overall results showed that the system demonstrated an overall precision accuracy of 45.62%.

This paper is briefly describes review of techniques design a reconfigurable frequency on microstrip antenna. There are several methods have been consequential or developed used to provide as well as improve the switching frequencies technique in a single terminal antenna by researchers. This paper investigates different techniques undergoes by some of the research that has been performed to achieved various operating frequencies.

This paper focuses on determination of suitable time interval of features extraction either during steady state signal or transient signal of impedance based method to estimate the location of fault using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Simulation studies have been carried on power system model using MATLAB & SIMULINK. The faulted current signal taken at single-ended of transmission lines are used as input in the proposed scheme. Different types of faults at different operating condition have been considered to this study. This studies extracted five features that are delta minimum to maximum, amplitude, standard deviation, energy and mean of the signal for both condition. The proposed studies is evaluated by Mean Square error (MSE) from ANN. Most researchers using steady state signal as their input and there also have researchers used transient signal as the input but there have no study or reason for choosing the signal at that condition. However, by carrying out this studies, it shows that not all features are suitable to extract during one time signal condition.

Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) aids radiologist to identify similar medical images in recalling previous cases during diagnosis. Although several algorithms have been introduced to extract the content of the medical images, the process is still a challenge due to the nature of the feature itself where most of them are extracted in low level form. In addition to the dimensionality reduction problem caused by the low-level features, current features are also insufficient to convey the semantic meaning of the images. This paper reviews the recent works in CBIR that attempts to reduce the semantic gap in extracting the features from medical images, precisely for mammogram images. Approaches such as the use of relevance feedback, ontology as well as machine learning algorithms are summarized and discussed.

Students either local or international experience different adjustment problems while moving one place to another place, and out of those problems, finding suitable accommodation is the most challenging one. However, at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), the accommodation centre for the students is utilizing the traditional method for managing and processing the issues related to the students' accommodation. Therefore, the current empirical study seeks to exploit the modern technologies, such as mobile devices to increase the communication among the students and management of resident. The present study has three core objectives i.e. identifying the requirements for managing the student accommodation, designing the mobile accommodation system and evaluating the usability of the proposed mobile accommodation system. To evaluate the usability of the system, a usability scale is used and data are collected from 40 students. The results reveal that the users accept and are satisfied with the interface functions, usability, integrity and other facilities for the application. Thus, students and accommodations staff can use the applications successfully.

This paper is a continuation of our previous paper under the same topic, MANET testbed using mobile robot technology. In our previous paper, we studied the topic by scrutinizing all the technical aspects and presented it as a technical review. However in this paper, we study the topic and presents it as a critical review that dwells into four aspect, namely (i) purpose, accessibility and scope of testbed facilities, (ii) usability and controllability of robot mobility in t estbed facilities, (iii) repeatability and reproducibility of real mobility in t estbeds, and (iv) tools for MANET implementation, deployment and debugging for experiments. With the wealth of information on the topic provided in this paper, the content of this paper is expected to be a source of reference for MANET researchers who are at a crossroad when selecting the preferred mobile robot technology and approach to suit their own specific needs.

MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) researchers have shown increased interest in using mobile robot technology for their testbed platforms. Thus, the main motivation of this paper is to review various robot-based MANET testbeds that have been developed in previously reported research. Additionally, suggestions to heighten mobility mechanisms by using mobile robots to be more practical, easy and inexpensive are also included in this paper, as we unveils ToMRobot, a low-cost MANET robot created from an ordinary remote control car that is capable of performing a real system MANET testbed with the addition of only a few low-cost electronic components. Despite greatly reduced costs, the ToMRobot does not sacrifice any of the necessary MANET basic structures and will still be easily customisable and upgradeable through the use of open hardware technology like Cubieboard2 and Arduino, as its robot controller. This paper will also include guidelines to enable technically limited MANET researchers to design and develop the ToMRobot. It is hoped that this paper achieves its two pronged objectives namely (i) to facilitate other MANET researchers by providing them with a source of reference that eases their decision making for selecting the best and most suitable MANET mobile robots for real mobility in their MANET testbeds (ii) to provide MANET researchers with a prospect of building their own MANET robots that can be applied in their own MANET testbed in the future.

Cloud computing technology has become familiar to most Internet users. Subsequently, there has been an increased growth in the use of cloud computing, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). To ensure that IaaS can easily meet the growing demand, IaaS providers usually increase the capacity of their facilities in a vertical IaaS increase capability and the capacity for local IaaS amenities such as increasing the number of servers, storage and network bandwidth. However, at the same time, horizontal scalability is sometimes not enough and requires additional strategies to ensure that the large number of IaaS service requests can be met. Therefore, strategies requiring horizontal scalability are more complex than the vertical scalability strategies because they involve the interaction of more than one facility at different service centers. To reduce the complexity of the implementation of the horizontal scalability of the IaaS infrastructures, the use of a technology service oriented infrastructure is recommended to ensure that the interaction between two or more different service centers can be done more simply and easily even though it is likely to involve a wide range of communication technologies and different cloud computing management. This is because the service oriented infrastructure acts as a middle man that translates and processes interactions and protocols of different cloud computing infrastructures without the modification of the complex to ensure horizontal scalability can be run easily and smoothly. This paper presents the potential of using a service-oriented infrastructure framework to enable transparent vertical scalability of cloud computing infrastructures by adapting three projects in this research: SLA@SOI consortium, Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI), and OpenStack.

This paper is presenting an implement of Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring and environment control for indoor cultivation of oyster mushroom. By using IoT based remote monitoring system not only the labor cost can be reduced with cover a bigger area, but can improve the productivity of the oyster mushroom by control the most suitable environment for mush room to grow. This paper discuss about the oyster mushroom, IoT system in general, the system implementation and results that obtained from the system. In conclusion based on the developed system, authors discussed the advantages and points need to be considered when working on the system.

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of epoxidized natural rubber / Titanium dioxide (ENR-25/TiO2) composites in two different solvent (Toluene and Chloroform) via sonication technique was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Spectroscopy results showed new peak at 1662 cm^-1 for both ENR-25/Titania composite films, which is related to weak C-O stretching vibration. Moreover, The peak at 3390.4 cm^-1 and 3384.3 cm^-1 of the composites are produced by Ti-OH stretching vibration shifts. The composite with toluene solvent showed poor dispersion of TiO2, which can be seen by the agglomeration embedded in the matrix. The composite with chloroform showed same trend of composite with toluene. The poor TiO₂ dispersion in the composite can be observed by the surface as bright layers. These layers appeared because the TiO₂ particles covered the surface of purified ENR-25 matrix.

The characterization and thermal stability of purified epoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol% epoxidation (ENR-25) and treated epoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol% epoxidation / Zirconium dioxide (ENR-25/ZrO₂) Composites were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The ENR-25/ZrO₂ composites were treated with acetic acid and two different loading (50 and 100 mg) of ZrO₂ were used to form the composites. FTIR results show the ester (C-O) peaks at 1000-1300 cm^-1 due to the presence of acetic acid in the composites. The disappearance of epoxide peak at range 880-875 cm^-1 indicated that ZrO₂ have formed hybrid bonds with opened epoxide rings. The both ENR/ZrO₂ composites showed 2 major thermal degradation steps (304 - 489°C and 493 – 551°C) for 50 mg ZrO₂ loading and (306 - 497°C 512 – 581°C) for 100 mg ZrO₂ loading indicating that the thermal stability of the composites have improved.

In this research, a new bio-plastic composite was developed using Cyperus Odoratus (CY) as natural filler along with Polypropylene (PP) matrix. PP/CY composites were prepared using different CY size, fine size at (0-63) and coarse size at (150-250 ) and using different PP/CY ratio at (100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15). The extrusion process followed by injection molding process was conducted for PP/CY composites fabrication. The tensile and morphological characteristics of PP/CY samples were evaluated. The results suggest that the addition of CY content (fine size) up to 95/5 PP/CY ratio gave highest tensile strength (TS) value. The increasing of CY content, particularly CY coarse size into PP/CY composites has decreased the TS. By contrast, the high CY content, particularly CY coarse size shows highest Modulus indicating that the sample became stiffer and more rigid. The increasing of stiffness and rigidity of PP/CY composites as CY content increased has reduced the flexibility. Therefore, the elongation at break of the composites decreased. The tensile fractured surface of composites was evaluated using SEM analysis. SEM micrographs show that the low CY content, particularly CY fine size was well bonded in PP matrix in contrast to high CY content, particularly CY coarse size.

The bio-plastic composite has attracted the attention of people who work in academic and industrial fields due to the several advantages of this composite as compared with conventional plastic composites. However, the modification of the natural filler used in the bio-composites usually needs a modification before use. In the current work, the chemical modification on Cyperus Odoratus (CY) using different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration at 1, 3, 6 and 9 wt.% were used to investigate the effect of this modification on the tensile properties of Polypropylene/Cyperus Odoratus (PP/CY) composites. The extrusion and injection molding processes were used respectively to prepare the composites. Results suggest that the presence of NaOH, particularly 3 wt.% has improved the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the composite. By contrast, the high NaOH concentration, particularly 9 wt.% has effected negatively on this properties. The tensile modulus increased linearly as NaOH concentration increased in the composites. The SEM micrograph of treated specimens at 3 wt.% NaOH shows improvement on CY surface while 9 wt.% NaOH shows deterioration on the DS surface.

Normally, direct introduction of recycled materials into polymer matrix could cause unwanted aggregations, which could effect on the properties of the final product. However, adding third material as a compatibilizer could enhance the properties of the product. This work studied the effects of different SMR L content (2,4,6,8 and 10 Phr) as a compatibilizer on the physical, tensile properties, and cure characteristics of ENR-25/rSC compounds. The results of cure characteristics showed decreasing on scorch time (t₂) and cure time (t₉₀) while increasing on minimum torque (M_L) and maximum torque (M_H) as SMR L increased in ENR-25/rSC/SMR L compounds. The values of modulus (M100), tensile strength (Ts), hardness and crosslinking density increased gradually with increasing SMR L while elongation at break (Eb) decreased.

Nowadays, colour image segmentation plays important tasks in medical field application such as brain, eyes, glaucoma and so on. This paper aims to compare the performance between different colour constancy of gray world (GW) and white patch (WP) that will be fusion with clustering algorithm to segment the nucleus of blast cells. First, both of the colour constancy algorithms are utilized on leukemia images to improve the microscopic quality of the blast cells.An unsupervised clustering, namely moving k-means algorithm is utilized on the various colour constancies of GWand WP for the purpose of segmentation. Both colour constancy algorithms have been analysedto identify which one can give the good segmentation performance. Since there is some noise in the segmented nucleus,the combination of median filter and region growing technique plays important tasks inreducing noise. The results show that WP is the best colour constancy in segmenting thenucleus as compared to Gray World.

In this work, the influences of different date seeds (DS) size, fine size (125 - 250 μm), medium size (250 - 500 μm) and coarse size (500, 1000 μm) and different DS content (5, 10, 15, 20 wt%) on the tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene / date seeds (LLDPE/DS) composites were evaluated. The extrusion and injection molding process were used respectively to form LLDPE/DS composites. Results show that the addition of DS up to 10 wt%, particularly DS fine size has increased the tensile strength (TS) of LLDPE/DS composites. However, high DS content, particularly DS coarse size decreased the TS of the composites. The percentage of elongation at break (Eb) decreased while the modulus increased gradually as DS content increased in LLDPE/DS composites, which made the composite stiffer and less flexible. The SEM shows clearly the good distribution of DS fine size and the agglomeration of DS coarse size.

In this research, the effect of different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration (3, 6 and 9 wt.%) on the tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene / date seeds (LLDPE/DS) composites were investigated. The size of DS particles was measured at (125 - 250 μm) and the ratio of LLDPE over DS was fixed at 90/10 wt.%. The samples were prepared using extrusion process (screw speed at 60 rpm and barrel and die temperature at 160°C and 165°C respectively) followed by injection moulding process (from feed to exit die zone temperature at 160, 165, 170 and 175°C respectively). Results suggest that the addition of NaOH particularly 3 wt% has improved the tensile strength. Additionally, the elongation at break has improved as well. However, the high concentration of NaOH, particularly 9 wt.% effects negatively on these properties. In contrast, the Modulus shows different trend, which increased as NaOH concentration increased in the composites. The SEM section shows the improvement on DS surface as low NaOH concentration used (3 wt.%) and deterioration on the DS surface as high NaOH concentration used (9 wt.%).

A green and renewable slow release material (SRM) was developed using combination of urea, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50), NaCl and rice husk (RH). The RH was used as a support to store urea within its fibrous structure after chemical modification with 7% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ENR-50/NaCl was used as a coating material for RH/urea beads. Two different content of salt (5% and 10% NaCl) was used to study the effect of pore formation on the composites. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that urea was successfully absorbed into RH and the recorded peaks were overlapped with the main components of RH such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. UV-Vis reveals that at 10% salt loading releases urea higher than 5% salt loading. This is due to the formation of many pores in this ENR-50 composite.

This synthesis and characterization of slow release material from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and rice husks (RH) composites was conducted. The alkali modification of rice husks was carried using different NaOH concentration. ENR-50 and RH composites were analyzed by FTIR. Furthermore, the release behavior of the composites was invistigated using UV-visible spectroscopy. From the purified ENR-50, it can be characterized the peak epoxide group identified at 875 cm^-1 and for the isoprene at 835 cm^-1. For RH/urea beads, the CH₂ peak of cellulose was obtained at 1457 cm^-1. However, the CH₂ is overlapped with cellulose at 1741 cm^-1 and 1726 cm^-1 that resulted for the partial opening of epoxide ring from carbonyl peak for hemi-cellulose and lignin, there are C=C stretching from aromatic group can be obtained at 1512 cm^-1 and 1595 cm^-1. The release of the composite at 7% NaOH concentration was higher than the composite at 1% NaOH concentration.

The advanced of the technology evolving currently enable the use of innovative learning tools for various fields especially in education. Different technologies have been implemented in the educational sector to enhance the method of teaching and learning. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology with vast potential and great pedagogical that offers new methods for the purpose of education. AR with computer generated system allows user to see the real world environment with virtual objects superimposed or composite in real world. Although AR will enhance the educational outcome, the domain specific, pedagogical and psychological aspects have to be considered for real use in class. The strategies such as collaborative learning were considered when designing and engaging an AR learning environment. Collaboration is to work together from one to other party where they can communicate each other to learn and get some mutual benefits. This research gives a brief insight into the potential and challenge of Augmented Reality in education to enhance the method of teaching and learning from conventional to the technological by using the AR technology.

The utilization of biopolymers in the applications that meet demands in society for sustainability and environmental safety has been limited. That is owing to the poor mechanical and thermal properties of biopolymers. The goal of this study is to improve the limitations of the biopolymers properties. polylactic acid (PLA) as one of the most important biopolymer was selected to investigate the effect of incorporating of natural halloysites nanotubes HNTs with different concentrations (0–8 wt%) on PLA chemical and hydrophobic properties. In the second series, Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles were added to the PLA/HNTs film with the optimum mechanical properties in the first series. the chemical structure and surface wettability were investigated for both of PLA/HNTs and PLA/HNTs-ZrO₂ bionanocomposites. The addition of ZrO₂ resulted in appearance of OH groups in the FTIR graph. In addition, the increasing of ZrO₂ loading led to increase the hydrophobicity of the PLA nanocomposites.

The applications of biopolymers that are requested in the society for sustainability and environmental safety have many limitations. That is can be attributed to the limited mechanical and thermal properties of biopolymers. The aim of this study is to diminish the limitations of the biopolymers properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) as one of the famous biopolymers was selected to investigate the effect of incorporating of hybrid fillers, natural halloysites nanotubes HNTs and Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles. In the first stage, HNTs was added to PLA matrix in different loading (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%). In the next stage ZrO₂ was incorporated to PLA/HNTs in two loadings (1 and 3 wt%). The mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus) were investigated for both of PLA/HNTs and PLA/HNTs-ZrO₂ bionanocomposites. PLA films incorporated with 4 wt% loading of HNTs resulted in optimum mechanical properties due to the homogenous distribution of halloysite nanoclay, which increased the tensile strength and elongation at break by 70% and 27% respectively. Unfortunately, the addition of ZrO₂ reduced the mechanical properties of PLA/HNTs-ZrO₂.

In this study, the effects of the compatibilizers; trans-polyoctylene (TOR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50), on the cure characteristics and tensile properties of recycled natural rubber latex gloves (rNR-G) filled chloroprene rubber (CR) were investigated. Blends consisting of rNR-G in a weight ratio 20 phr in CR and The compatibilizers TOR and ENR-50 at different concentrations, i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 phr, were prepared using a two roll mill. Incorporation of TOR resulted in a reducing of the cure characteristics, meanwhile ENR-50 increased them. On the other hand, both of TOR and ENR-50 were improved tensile properties. These effects are attributed to the enhanced interfacial adhesion between rNR-G and phases through the compatibilizing effect induced by TOR and ENR-50, and the good dispersion of the rNR-G phase in the CR matrix. The results confirmed that TOR and ENR-50 could potentially be used as compatibilizers for the recycled natural rubber latex gloves filled chloroprene rubber.

In this study, the effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as compatibilizer on the properties of Standard Malaysian Rubber/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (SMR L/EPDM) blend were investigated. Standard Malaysian Rubber/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer / Epoxidized Natural Rubber (SMR L/EPDM / ENR-50) blends were prepared by two-roll mill with five different compositions (i.e., 80/20/0, 80/20/1, 80/20/3, 80/20/5, 80/20/7 and 80/20/10), which the (SMR L/EPDM) content fixed at 80/20 which is the optimum ratio for (SMR L/EPDM) depending on our previous study. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties studies were performed to determine the compatibility of SMR L/EPDM blends in the presence of ENR-50 as a compatibilizer. The optimum cure characteristics showed by SMR L/EPDM blends with the presence of ENR-50, which lower scorch time t2 and cure time t90 and increase the cure rate index CRI. In addition, SMR L/EPDM blends with the presence of ENR-50 have improved the physical properties such as swelling test, crosslink density and hardness test.

Information communication and technology has changed the lifestyle of people and influences their behavior towards their daily activities. ICT has become a significant part of people, community or society by influence behavior people towards their attitude, and it has several of activities that can change individual activities pertaining their behavior to interact with the system. However, previous studies have been investigated ICT in a different context in Libya but there is lack behind to explore what motivate, encourage and induced lecturer to use ICT for teaching and learning in Libya university. This study intends to investigate the ICT induced on behavioral of lecturer and society change of Libya University towards the use of ICT. This paper is conceptual by employed technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) and attitude, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, behavioral intention, and social influence were used to explain the use of ICT. Therefore, this paper found that when lecturers have an adequate knowledge about ICT may influence them to use. The future study can focus on empirical evidence to support the lecturer behavior towards the use of ICT.

Mobile technology has introduced a new technology that can be used as teaching aids to enrich the teaching and learning process and it have become increasingly a part of education for those who study or teach at the higher learning institution and school levels. The usage mobile technology in learning which also known as mobile learning (m-learning) is one type of learning model allowing learners to obtain learning materials anywhere and anytime using mobile technologies as learning aided tool. Academics and practitioners alike are showing interest in examining its ability to support online learning. However, earlier studies have highlighted the challenges in promoting m-learning adoption. The existing m-learning literature has mainly focused on technology-related factors to examine m-learning adoption. However, few studies have investigated this topic from the users' motivation perspective and even fewer from an adult learner perspective. Therefore, this study employs the uses and delight theory to provide a better understanding of what motivates m-learning adoption in adult learners. Futher research is needed to examine the determination factors in Malaysia specifically with adequate samples. As suggestion, m-learning needs to be build in such a way to ensure the adoption of usage is higher for adult learner.

Ancient documents are inheritance that must be preserved. The documents contain historical, scientific, social, religious information, etc. Converting ancient documents into digital image formats is one of ways to preserve the inheritance and can be stored into a computer. However, images of ancientdocuments have many blemishes caused by age, moisture, flood, etc. Therefore, special techniques are needed for those images to be restored and can improve the legibility of the ancient documents' images. In this study, the image restoration process uses separation of background and foreground/text on histogram equalization such as research conducted by Fitri Arnia in 2008. Through histogram equalizationimages can be seen the distribution of pixels from the intensity of black color "0" to white "1". The distribution of pixels on histogram equalization describes the curves of foreground/text and curves of background. Among the histogram curves, the determination of thresholdvalues can be done so as to clarify the foreground/text and background areas on images of ancient documents. The lowest point between the two curves is the lowest pixel (local minima) which is used as the threshold value. However, the selection of such threshold values in some cases is very difficult to determine because there are still many fluctuations in the curve at the lowest curve. Therefore, this study proposesa histogram smoothing method in the ancient documents' images to minimize curvature fluctuations and to determine more accurate threshold values. In this research, average filtering method is used for smoothing the histogram image. This filter successfully refines the histogram and makes the image of the restoration or binary image display the value of the ancient document image readability increases.

Software needs begins with a statement of the need for the parties involved in the system. Needs a description of the statements coming from the client, user, or stakeholder. Some of the activities that must be done to get a system needs so that produce a specification document that be the benchmark for the developers in the development of a system, including: requirements elicitation, requirements analysis and negotiation, documentation requirements, requirements validation. One method that can be applied to requirements engineering is a Viewpoint Oriented Requirement Definition (VORD) method. VORD is one method used to define the need to approach the viewpoint system users. The results of the analysis of this VORD method produce the required specification with the help of a tool, that is VORD tool, the VORD method is still too general, so need some method to support the VORD methods, including: proto personas methods and a CMMI approach. This method is very helpful for independent software developers to build a better system, and the result can be a documentation for developers and consumers.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a standard data exchange protocol over the web. Currently, HTTP is still widely used to handle communication between client and server. However the related researches show that data exchange via HTTP is still vulnerable because the data sent is in the form of plaintext. To overcome the problem, the available solutions are using Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) and Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (SHTTP). However, some results of related researches show HTTPS and SHTTP still have some weaknesses. Based on these problems, this study proposes a method of securing HTTP using Client-side Encryption. In this research, the encryption algorithm used is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) dynamic key. Encryption method was performed by encrypting the data on the side of the web browser before it was sent, then the decryption process was done on the web server side. The testings of this research were performed in case of login authentication. The results show the proposed method has successfully secured data exchange on HTTP.

Language is a media of communication which aims to understand each ethnic and certain nation. The understanding of language allows the increase of awareness and closeness value among certain individuals. Nevertheless, considerable number of Languages appears to be the causes of difficulty and misunderstanding on the meaning of a certain word. This research suggests one of the solutions in solving such problem. Hence it eases the process of understanding the meaning of the words of a language. Especially "bahasa Aceh". This application called ARgot. ARgot is an application of translation of Aceh – Indonesia's Language. This application is able to work as real time application without having a need of an input media such as a text which has to type through using a good quality of camera and having characteristic of autofocus in camera. This research emphasizes on the process of detection and tracer text which available within the society. This research is also intended to see how the technology Augmented Reality is able to be applied in markerless text and have different font of variety. The result of the research is a software for a android smartphone, as media translator in a real time, Hence it is able to be used almost in every kind of smartphone. Based on the trial and result of respondent, this application is able to attract the interest of user and it is also able to be applied in a real life.

Management of municipal solid waste in Malaysia has proved to be efficiently, effectively, and adequate. This study has used existing literature and empirical evidences for analyzing the various issues related to carbon emission trading and solid waste management. A measurement of carbon potential value will be conduct after the municipal solid waste generation data was collected completely, and review the advantage of carbon emission trading from the municipal solid waste management in Malaysia, evaluate the benefit of carbon emission trading as an alternative investment tools and basic framework required to implement them. The article suggests that how an appropriate carbon emission trading system may give more benefit and economical value, and sustainable way of developing the future income generation in environmental sector in Malaysia. In other hand, the changing legislative environment is likely to make current practices highly non-optimal and increase pressures for a change of waste management strategy. The article will become more valuable to all those who have some interests in environmental economic and alternative investment sectors and would like to reduce the global warming and climate change effect and develop the potential value related to carbon emission trading in developing countries.

The paper evaluates features facilitating or impeding e-procurement utilization among firms in Jordan. E-procurement B2B is an information technology that links a business relationship between two parties. Power is the key determinant in adopting and using such technology. Regrettably, the role of power is almost disregarded in e-procurement utilization literature. By using the integrated template of the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory with power as a moderator, this paper helps to illustrate e-procurement usage. This argument could enhance e-procurement usage comprehension and help to rectify variability and inconsistency of findings in the literature.

The transformation of human resource information management activities from traditional practice to urban computerization method in some way lead to dissatisfaction amongst some government employees. However, this transformation is necessary in E-Government era as its allow employees to accomplish human resource function in more effective and efficient manner. In response to this emerging trend, government has introduced HRMIS application for government organization. HRMIS application is one of the integrated e-government services that provide single interface for government employees to perform human resource function and act as a central database for public sector. In relation to this, a study is conducted to investigate the influence of Human Resources Management Information Systems (HRMIS) towards employees' efficiency and satisfaction after the implementation of the system. The study involves 191 employees from different departments at Terengganu Police Contingent. A simple random sampling was used to collect the data and were analysed using reliability analysis, descriptive frequency analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis. When these variables were tested simultaneously, the result shows that HRMIS application, user characteristics and organization support have positive influence on Terengganu Police Contingent employees' satisfaction. The study also provides valuable insight to various stakeholders particularly to the policy makers, and organizational members about the importance of HRMIS enforcement in the organization.

With the advent of internet, a new platform of Information Communication and Technology in health is becoming a popular trend to satisfy the craving of health consciousness people seeking health related information. Researchers published health related papers and articles while patients, their friends and families share the experiences through social media such as facebook, twitters, blogs. People can seek readily available health related information effortlessly by the convenience of their fingers tip. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review health communication for the past four years (2013-2016) and to identify the channels of communication used of health communication in social media. Eight papers were selected in this study related to health communication and promotion. The papers were reviewed based on their elements, methods and approaches used by researchers in their study. There are also several differences outcome in these papers. It can be concluded that social media play a main role in disseminating information and improve knowledge to the masses on health communication as people find information on health through the easiest internet channel.

This paper describes the design of a home fire alarm with Arduino-based system by means of GSM Module. The project purposely is for house safety where the main point is to avoid the fire accidents occurred to the residents and the properties inside the house as well. It utilizes Arduino Uno board in conjunction with ATmega328 chip. The main controller used is certainly the ATmega328 which controls the home fire alert subjected to the temperature sensor. An LM35 temperature sensor is used to detect the heat from the fire. An alert message will be sent to the user via short message service (SMS) via GSM module. When the system detects the temperature of 40°C or more, it will immediately display an alert notification on LCD display and simultaneously sending an SMS alert to the users upon the high raise temperature in the house. Results from the test are documented and discussed. Through this system, it can help users to improve their safety standards by having immediate response in preventing accidents. This will eventually allow the users to protect their lives and the properties as well from the disaster.

Asmaul husna is the 99 names of attributes which is owned by Allah SWT. All names in asmaul husna must be translated with the word "Maha", which shows the perfection in divine attribute. Unfortunately, in this modern age, the lack of knowledge about asmaul husna especially its meaning is the most common problem among muslim society. By learning asmaul husna via traditional methods such as text books and white board, muslims are getting less motivated and have no desire to learn more about asmaul husna. Due to the emerging of gamification, the traditional methods are less effective, and it has several limitations in terms of equipment for the learning process. Learning asmaul husna through gamification could increase motivation, offers challenges and trigger excitement to play, while applying multimedia principles could ease in the learning process by reducing the cognitive load and excess memory. The aim of this project is to learn on asmaul husna attributes and meanings, identify suitable gamification elements and multimedia principles to be adapted into the design and development of Asmaul husna Learning Game for students. This game consists of gamification elements in learning such as points, rewards, countdown timer, and discovery and multimedia learning principles which is the signalling principle. Heuristic evaluation has been initiated and from the test results, this game is highly recommended for students.

Large numbers of dissatisfying systems users, organizations and higher rate of systems failure is still a problem. In targeting this failure, measure of systems success categorized as a solution to increase the rate of success in future systems initiatives. Success measure of systems is an important part of software's engineering and information systems engineering to improve systems performance. However, studies showed a lack of research done on systems success evaluation in the universities of world, Arab region and Yemeni as special. Systems especially the web-based faces high rate of failure in Arab region, it was observed that many funded system projects failed, it was also, noted that in Yemen systems were completed and implemented without success measuring. Data analysis and interpretation for the web based information systems (WIS) success framework related to higher education can be taken as a latest phenomenon for the incorporation of theories of TAM, DM 2003 and software engineering ISO 25010. Moreover, this is also responsive and effective for assessing computer anxiety and management support aspects to explain satisfaction, loyalty and net impact. The present study is enthusiastic to outline the need for highlighting student perspective where exists dearth of research in this regard and dire need for engineering framework that works as a tool for organizations to success measure of their systems. Though, prior scholarly work has outlined significant role and importance of designing quality university WIS framework from the aspect of WIS developers not from the side of users. Henceforth, the present study aims to strive for highlighting the perception of users (students) regarding to universities WIS.

In order to bring up a cells or tissue with a gene or DNA, Electroporation parameter such as pulse duration, field strength and number of pulse plays the most important aspect. Thus, the aim of this paper is to optimize the pulse duration parameter for HeLa cells line. This is very important because nowadays, research on EP factors is still in limited mode. Moreover, suitable and applicable pulse duration parameter would ensure successful treatment with least possible side effect. In this paper, HeLa cells or known as cervical cancer cells was used to induce into a single pulse electric field. Therefore, to achieve the aim of this study, field strength of 500V/cm was preferred and the pulse duration was varied in the range of 100µs, 500µs, 1ms, 2ms and 5ms to obtain lowest proliferation rate and inhibit growth of HeLa cells. The result obtained shows that HeLa cell induced to 500V/cm with pulse duration of 100µs, induced the lowest proliferation rate (45%) as compared to initial reading density (control) after 48 hours of culture. Thus, further research based on this work may pave the way for an anti-cancer application through the study of the effect of pulse duration parameter on HeLa cells.

In this era of modernization, there are various public transportations that facilitate the movement of users, among which is the Monorail service. However, beyond the route information such as the train schedule and the ticket fare provided by the Monorail service, users do not have access to other sources of information relating to local attraction, nearby places, good food and reasonable accommodation along theirroute. The MonoWalk Travelling Companion is proposed specifically for commuters or tourists who use the Monorail services. Aside from helping them to plan their journeys better and more systematic, the application can also become a medium for advertising local businesses and attractions.

This paper describes the design and development of data retrieval system using near field communication (NFC) protocol to read and transfer data from the device storage panel located at the recycle bin. In existing systems, data are manually collected from the storage device using the SD card and sent for upload to regional workstation of the data center, which is located at the central server. The device automatically establishes the NFC connection with the recycle bin panel and once the connection is established, data will automatically be transferred to the device and the current data storage in the recycle bin will be erased. Next, the collected data will be uploaded to the server through regional workstation.

Generally, sequence alignment is the process of comparing two sequences to identify similarities and differences between them, then, a typical approach to solve this problem is to find a good and plausible alignment between the two sequences. The data representation in this work is DNA sequence. This work intends to analyze large sequences as well as reducing the search space and time complexity without compromising the accuracy and efficiency. This is by evaluating the performance of Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (global) and Smith-Waterman algorithm (local) based on the Dynamic Programming algorithm. Dynamic Programming algorithm is guaranteed to find optimal alignment by exploring all possible alignments and choosing the best through the scoring and traceback techniques, which is NP-hard to optimize. Implementation of parallel technique using OpenMP on Needleman-Wunsch algorithm and Smith-Waterman algorithm to identify the strengths and weaknesses for both algorithms. By using C Programming, Needle and Smith programs are developed based on the algorithms (respectively). The analysis concluded that the scoring and traceback techniques used in Needle and Smith are able to align an optimal alignment and improved the performance in searching similarity as well as reduced gaps and mismatch. OpenMP directives able to parallelize the codes and execute it faster, with four cores it can get an execution time of around 60% reduced.

In this study, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm's parameters for t-way IOR testing were examined. ACO and its variant have been applied to t-way testing but never to t-way IOR interaction support. Tuning ACO parameters were executed to ensure that ACO could perform for IOR as good as other t-way interaction support. Parameter α, β, τ₀, q₀, ρ value and number of ant were tuned to uniform and non-uniform configuration. Each parameter was executed for 10 independent run. Average best test suite and best test suite were recorded and compared among other parameter values to find which value will produce the best result. The optimum test suite size and average test suite size were generated when the value for parameter α = 0.5, β = 3, τ₀ = 0.4 (uniform configuration) and, 0.2 and 1 (non-uniform configuration), q₀ = 0.5, ρ = 0.5 and number of ant = 20.

As outlined in Malaysia Economic Transformation Program (ETP), business sector is expected to play crucial role to harness the potential of globalization and to escalate national economic growth. Considering its domination over 98% of total established businesses, SME sector become essential to drive the government's agenda. Apart from human resource, financing, innovativeness, and legal environment, availability of timely and relevant information in support of business's decision making is highly crucial for ensuring its competitiveness. Accessibility to the relevant information helps firms to lower their operating cost, to effectively manage available resources and ultimately to improve overall productivity. Information Technology/Information Systems (IT/IS) has been recognized as one of the potential means to supply information for timely business decision making. Despite growing importance of IT/IS for firm's competitiveness, SMEs embrace constant challenges to deploy IT/IS effectively and thus hardly to optimize its strategic values. Consequently, IS planning is getting paramount to promote effective management of IT/IS within SME sector. Thus, this study proposes a study that investigates the current state of IS planning practices and the factors affecting the IS Planning success among Malaysian SMEs. Adapting IS planning framework of large organizations, this study proposes IS planning framework that is applicable for SMEs environment. The developed framework could facilitate SMEs to effectively manage IS planning as to ensure greater strategic benefits of IT/IS deployment.

The solubility of crude palm oil in hot compressed water was predicted using thermodynamic model prediction. The solubility data was used to understand the phase equilibria in the separation process. In this study, the modified UNIFAC method was used. The solubility prediction using the modified UNIFAC involves several parts that are; pseudo TAG structure development, GC parameter determination and solubility calculation. Pseudo TAG structure was develop based on the crude palm oil composition analyzed using GC-FID. No solubility of CPO in HCW was obtained though this method. Meanwhile, the solubility of HCW in CPO increases from 8.76 to 13.38 mole (%) from the temperatures of 120 to 180°C respectively. The solubility prediction using this method is beneficial due to the less experimental data and inexpensive.

Currently the trend among the lecturer to adopt innovation and technology as a tool in the lecture hall in fostering and increasing the positive impact among the students. Innovation and technology may encourage better impact to develop soft skills among the students such as communicate effectively, critical thinking skills, demonstrate appropriate interpersonal skills and teamwork, demonstrate leadership qualities and entrepreneurial skill. Many researchers have attempted to study the efficiency of e-learning and blended learning concepts on teaching and learning processes. One of the most recent developments in technology enhanced method in teaching and learning is a method called flipped learning. It is an approach where the traditional one-way lecture is flipped to make room for active learning opportunities where educators shift learning into the individual learning space facilitated by technology. This study implemented flipped learning approach in the effort to enhance communication and critical thinking skills among accounting students in Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accounting (TISSA) in Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM. The objective of this study is to examine how the use of flipped learning can help to improve communication and critical thinking skills in problem solving among students taking the accounting subject. From this study, the results showed that students' communication and critical thinking skill has developed with the use of flipped learning. Sufficient time however, is needed for students to understand the content from the lectures given in the form of a video used as the media in this project used as an e-learning platform in this project, as well as the 'catchy' contents should be created to enhance interest from the students to watch the video.

In this work, the compatibilization effect of trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) on the cure characteristics, tensile properties and morphology of epoxidized natural rubber / sawdust flour (ENR-25/SD) compounds was evaluated. Five different TOR content (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 phr) was used. Results showed that the increasing of TOR content caused decreasing on scorch and cure time. Moreover, the maximum torque has improved. The minimum torque showed decreasing as TOR content increased indicating that the rubber compound became less viscos and easy to process. The addition of TOR, particularly high TOR content (10 phr) into rubber compounds has increased the interfacial adhesion between SD and ENR-25, which in turn improved the tensile strength and modulus of the rubber compounds. The elongation at break has decreased as TOR content increased indicating that the samples became less flexible. SEM micrographs proved that the high TOR content presented stronger SD/ENR-25 than low TOR content.

This research is focused on the rice husk (RH) that acts as natural filler in Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L). Two ranges of RH size were prepared, coarser size at 10-20 mm and fine size at 150-300 μm. While the RH loading was (10,20,30,40 and 50 Phr). The effects of RH on the tensile properties, physical properties and cure characteristics of the compounds were examined. The results shown that the increasing of rice husk loading in SMR L/RH composites led to decrease in the cure (t₉₀) and scorch time (t₂) and increase in the minimum torque (M_L) and maximum torque (M_H). Despite the values of tensile strength decreased as RH content increase, the physical properties, such as hardness and crosslink density of the composites, particularly the composite with fine size filler were improved due to good filler-rubber interaction than coarser size filler.