Table of contents

Involving young researchers in the scientific process, and allowing them to gain scientific experience, are important issues for scientific development. The International Conference for Students and Young Scientists ''Modern Technique and Technologies'' is one of a number of scientific events, held at National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University aimed at training and forming the scientific elite.

During previous years the conference established itself as a serious scientific event at an international level, attracting members which annually number about 400 students and young scientists from Russia and near and far abroad.

An important indicator of this scientific event is the large number of scientific areas covered, such as power engineering, heat power engineering, electronic devices for monitoring and diagnostics, instrumentation, materials and technologies of new generations, methods of research and diagnostics of materials, automatic control and system engineering, physical methods science and engineering, design and artistic aspects of engineering, social and humanitarian aspects of engineering. The main issues, which are discussed at the conference by young researchers, are connected with analysis of contemporary problems, application of new techniques and technologies, and consideration of their relationship.

Over the years, the conference committee has gained a lot of experience in organizing scientific meetings. There are all the necessary conditions: the staff of organizers includes employees of Tomsk Polytechnic University; the auditoriums are equipped with modern demonstration and office equipment; leading scientists are TPU professors; the status of the Tomsk Polytechnic University as a leading research university in Russia also plays an important role. All this allows collaboration between leading scientists from all around the world, who are annually invited to give lectures at the conference.

The editorial board expresses gratitude to the Administration of Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU Rector, Professor P.S. Chubik and Vice Rector for Research and Innovation, Professor A.N. Dyachenko) for financial support of the conference. Also, we heartily thank both chairmen of the conference sections and the organizing committee's members for the great, effective, creative work in organizing and developing the conference as well as a significant contribution to the safeguarding and replenishment of the intellectual potential of Russia.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Development, research and operation of smart grids (SG) with active-adaptive networks (AAS) are actual tasks for today. Planned integration of high-speed FACTS devices greatly complicates complex dynamic properties of power systems. As a result the operating conditions of equipment of power systems are significantly changing. Such situation creates the new actual problem of development and research of relay protection and automation (RPA) which will be able to adequately operate in the SGs and adapt to its regimes. Effectiveness of solution of the problem depends on using tools - different simulators of electric power systems. Analysis of the most famous and widely exploited simulators led to the conclusion about the impossibility of using them for solution of the mentioned problem. In Tomsk Polytechnic University developed the prototype of hybrid multiprocessor software and hardware system - Hybrid Real-Time Power System Simulator (HRTSim). Because of its unique features this simulator can be used for solution of mentioned tasks. This article introduces the concept of development and research of relay protection and automation with usage of HRTSim.

Abstract

The article describes the method and results of thermo-physical calculations of IRT-T reactor core. Heat fluxes, temperatures of cladding, fuel meat and coolant were calculated for height of core, azimuth directions of FA and each fuel elements in FA. Average calculated values of uniformity factor of energy release distribution for height of fuel assemblies were shown in this research. Onset nucleate boiling temperature and ONB-ratio were calculated. Shows that temperature regimes of fuel elements at rated power of the reactor keep within limit values and meet safety requirements. Obtained results could be applied at feasibility study of increasing thermal power of IRT-T research reactor to 12 MW level.

The paper presents a numerical simulation of the furnace with a circulating fluidized bed. Numerical study carried out for the bottom of the combustion chamber with the varying heights of volume filling. The results contours of particulate matter concentration and of velocities, as well as a graphical representation of changes in the concentration of particles on the bed height are shown. Simulation performed in Eulerian - Eulerian representation on a 2D model.

Numerical analysis of the unsteady natural convection with phase transitions inside the pure galluim under the influence of a uniform magnetic field with a heat source of constant temperature has been conducted in the presence of magnetic field. The vertical walls of the cavity are kept at low constant temperatures whereas the top and bottom horizontal walls are adiabatic with the exception of the heat source of high constant temperature. The mathematical model formulated in dimensionless stream function, vorticity and temperature variables is solved using the implicit finite difference schemes of the second order. The governing parameters are the Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers, and the dimensionless time. The effects of these parameters on the streamlines and isotherms are analyzed.

The article investigates the possibility of applying hydrodynamic cavitation treatment to reduce oil viscosity in Russian pipeline transportation system and increase its performance. The result of laboratory tests and suggestions on technology application are given

The convective drying process of municipal solid waste layer as a polydispersed multicomponent porous structure is studied. On the base of the experimental data criterial equations for calculating heat transfer and mass transfer processes in the layer, depending on the humidity of the material, the speed of the drying agent and the layer height are obtained. These solutions are used in the thermal design of reactors for the thermal processing of multicomponent organic waste.

This paper covered the problem of assessing the effectiveness of the section of the fin-tube radiator of space thermal control system. The task of calculating the conjugate radiation-convective heat transfer is presented. The results of numerical simulation are described.

Turbulent natural convection with the interaction of surface radiation in square enclosure has been numerically studied. The governing equations are solved contemporaneously by finite difference method to obtain the velocity, temperature and heat flux distributions. Turbulence has been modeled using the standard k-ε model. The change of convective and radiative Nusselt numbers with respect to time has been described. The analysis is carried out over a wide range of Rayleigh number from 10⁸ to 10¹⁰. The effect of this key parameter on temperature and velocity distributions, convective and radiative Nusselt numbers has been investigated. The results clearly demonstrate a significant effect of buoyancy ratio on unsteady turbulent heat transfer.

Mathematical modeling of unsteady heat transfer in a closed rectangular area with a local heat supply object in a conjugate formulation in working conditions of radiation source of energy is passed. Fields of temperatures and stream functions, illustrating the influence of a local typical object on thermal regime are received. The effect of Grashof number on dimensionless heat transfer coefficient - Nusselt number is investigated. The influence of nonconducted heat supply object on heat transfer rate in solution domain is showed.

Nowadays there is a lack of experimental data describing the physical process of drop spreading on a solid metal surface for developing wetting and spreading theory. The experimental data obtained by using the high speed video-recording will allow to identify unknown previously spreading modes as well as the change of the dynamic contact angle and the three-phase contact line. The purpose of the work is to determine the effect of the drop growth rate and the copper substrate surface roughness on the dynamic contact angle and the three-phase contact line speed at distilled water drop spreading. Shadow and Schlieren methods are used to obtain experimental data. Three drop spreading modes on the rough surfaces were identified. Time dependences of the dynamic contact angle and contact line speed were obtained. Experimental results can be used for assessing the validity of the developed mathematical models of wetting and spreading processes in the field of micro- and nanoelectronics, ink jet printing, thin-film coatings, spray cooling, and optoelectronics.

Experimental dependences on the effect of the drop volume from the contact angle under the conditions of the static three-phase contact line formation during wetting the nonferrous metals (aluminium, magnalium, copper and brass) are presented in the work. The surface of the substrates was investigated by modern equipment (profilometer "Micro Measure 3D station" and microscope TM-3000). The drop was placed on the surface by the precision electronic single-channel pipette (Thermo scientific). Shadow method was used to obtain the drop profile; symmetry of the drop was controlled by Schlieren method. The comparison of the methods used to determine the contact angle on the image of the drop profile was executed. It was established that in spite of influencing the friction and gravity forces the structure of metal surfaces affects greatly the value of the contact angle.

For a correct determining of the overvoltage limiters characteristics, as well as the optimal location of its installation is required to use reliable information about the primary electrical quantities, especially voltage level, in different operation modes of electric power systems (EPS). This problem is highly complex, due to the danger of the experiments in real EPS. Methods and tools for calculation and researches of quasi-stationary and switching overvoltages which are applied to solve this problem not always allow to obtain satisfactory results. The developed tools of comprehensive real-time simulation of electric power systems, providing adequate reproduction of processes associated with overvoltages in EPS, are presented in the article. Fragments of the researches of switching overvoltage in the electrical network of the real power system are given.

The stability of the electric power system can be improved by forming of the correct settings of automatic exciting regulators. Currently, there is no unified methodology of automatic exciting regulators, so analysis of their impact is still an urgent task. The article describes the approach to solving above-mentioned problem, which combines several methods. Research based on Hybrid Real Time Simulator of EPS developed in Tomsk Polytechnic University.

The process of gasoline blending is a difficult multistage industrial technology. In this paper gasoline blending recipes for one of the largest refineries in Russian Federation were corrected by using of developed computer modelling system «Compounding». As the result of correction, production volume of high-octane and high-quality gasoline was increased on 47 wt. %.

The new energy saving windows with heat-reflecting shields have been developed, and for their practical use they need to be integrated into the automated system for controlling heat supply in buildings and the efficiency of their use together with the existing energy-saving measures must be determined. The study was based on the results of field tests of windows with heat-reflective shields in a certified climate chamber. The method to determine the minimum indoor air temperature under standby heating using heat-reflective shields in the windows and multifunctional energy-efficient shutter with solar battery have been developed. Annual energy saving for the conditions of different regions of Russia and France was determined. Using windows with heat-reflecting screens and a solar battery results in a triple power effect: reduced heat losses during the heating season due to increased window resistance; lower cost of heating buildings due to lowering of indoor ambient temperature; also electric power generation.

The article is devoted to actual task of real-time simulation controlled shunt reactors to use in the appropriate electric power system. Such development allows fully and reliably reproducing the processes running in controlled shunt reactors and electric power systems as whole. As an example of such task solution the working results of controlled shunt reactors simulation and its application for voltage stabilization are presented.

The relevance of the work is caused by necessity of the involving of local low-grade raw materials in the fuel energy balance. The purpose of the work is technical and economical evaluation to implementation possibility of the solid composite fuel production from peat as an example of the Tomsk region. The results of a processing of the low-grade raw materials at certain types from Tomsk region into the solid composite fuel are shown, their competitiveness is evaluated, the process line to production of this fuel is suggested and the economical calculation of the production organization by its basis is made. As a result, the prime cost of solid composite fuel and technical and economical parameters of investments efficiency are determined.

The motivation of the presented research is based on the need for development of new methods and tools for adequate real time simulation of automation control frequency and power regulators of generator played an important role in the planning, design and operation of electric power system. This paper proposes a Hybrid real time simulator of electric power system for simulation of automation control frequency and power regulators of generator. The obtained results of experimental researches of turbine emergency control of generator demonstrate high accuracy of the simulator and possibility of real-time simulation of all the processes in the electric power system without any decomposition and limitation on their duration, and the effectiveness of the proposed simulator in solving of the design, operational and research tasks of electric power system.

Copper oxide is necessary material for production of superconductors. The issue of obtaining high purity and nanosides CuO is actual. This article shows the results on the obtaining of nanodispersed copper oxide by plasma dynamic method in system based on coaxial magneto plasma accelerator with copper electrodes. Such analyses of ultradispersed synthesized products as X-Ray diffractometry, IR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis were carried out. According to XRD such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu₂O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)₂·H₂O were identified in the product. It was found that with the gradual heating of the initial product up to 800 °C the phase content changed dramatically in terms of enhancing copper oxide phase (up to 97%).

We performed a simulation of the thermal state of a resistive voltage divider based on an equation of heat conductivity with internal sources of heat, solving this equation by using two numerical procedures. We also conducted experimental research regarding transformer thermal state on a laboratory stand. We obtained numerical results of the above heat conductivity equation, taking into account the supply of heat energy from internal sources, and compared the results of our calculations with our experimental data. Transformer thermal state simulation and numerical solution procedures enable us to formulate and resolve the problems of choosing optimal transformer design and operating modes, ensuring maximum measuring accuracy when limiting the thermal state of resistive elements.

The correction factor introduction in the method of measuring the brightness temperature of individual hot particles moving at speeds of 100-1140m/s with diameter above the diffraction limit of the OES, can solve the problem of the moving objects brightness pyrometry, increasing accuracy of at least 2.5%.

The article describes a system to control a unit moving to find the dependence of the photodetectors signals from the distance to the hematoma. It considers existing devices that operate in accordance with the principle of near infrared spectroscopy and reveals their limitations the illuminations of which are our key objective. The limitations of the designed unit are described and possible ways of upgrading the system are outlined.

Nowadays ecological situation in seas and oceans requires permanent supervision and control. Carrying out building activity such as building hydraulic structures, oil- and gas- pipes in areas of past warfare is the reason for the active usage of geophysical methods to search method of the objects underwater. The paper examines the classification of magnetic search methods and theoretical base statements of electromagnetics. The work represents the investigation of an object influence on geomagnetic field in problem-solving environment "COMSOL Multiphysics". The article also contains the results of simulating for variations of different object parameters. This paper is connected with the magnetometric

A new metering and data-processing method for the centerless roundness measuring, using corrective adjustment, is scientifically developed. In this paper, a mathematical model based on numerical (iterative) method and harmonic analysis, which additionally considers the reposition of the prism planes contact points with the component part by rotation, is proposed. In accordance with practical measurements and modeling, a possibility of consistent error minimization and improving accuracy of the centerless roundness measuring is found.

The paper deals with the investigation of Lamb waves ultrasonic testing technique applied for evaluation of different stress-strain and damaged state of aluminum specimens at static and fatigue loading in order to develop a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) approach. The experimental results of tensile testing of AA2024T3 specimens with welded joints are presented. Piezoelectric transducers used as actuators and sensors were adhesively bonded to the specimen's surface using two component epoxy. The set of static and cyclic tensile tests with two frequencies of acoustic testing (50 kHz and 335 kHz) were performed. The recorded signals were processed to calculate the maximum envelope in order to evaluate the changes of the stress-strain state of the specimen and its microstructure during static tension. The registered data are analyzed and discussed in terms of signal attenuation due to the formation of fatigue defects during cyclic loading. Understanding the relations between acoustic signal features and fatigue damages will provide us the ability to determine the damage state of the structure and its residual lifetime in order to design a robust SHM system.

The effect of ion treatment on the phase composition and mechanical properties of the near-surface layers of zirconium ceramic composition 97 ZrO₂-3Y₂O₃ (mol%) was studied. Irradiation of the samples was carried out by accelerated ions of aluminum with using vacuum-arc source Mevva 5-Ru. Ion beam had the following parameters: the energy of the accelerated ions E = 78 keV, the pulse current density J_i = 4mA / cm², current pulse duration equal τ = 250 mcs, pulse repetition frequency f = 5 Hz. Exposure doses (fluence) were 10¹⁶ и 10¹⁷ ion/cm². The depth distribution implanted ions was studied by SIMS method. It is shown that the maximum projected range of the implanted ions is equal to 250 nm. Near-surface layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at fixed glancing incidence angle. It is shown that implantation of aluminum ions into the ceramics does not lead to a change in the phase composition of the near-surface layer. The influence of implanted ions on mechanical properties of ceramic near-surface layers was studied by the method of dynamic nanoindentation using small loads on the indenter P=300 mN. It is shown that in ion- implanted ceramic layer the processes of material recovery in the deformed region in the unloading mode proceeds with higher efficiency as compared with the initial material state. The deformation characteristics of samples before and after ion treatment have been determined from interpretation of the resulting P-h curves within the loading and unloading sections by the technique proposed by Oliver and Pharr. It was found that implantation of aluminum ions in the near-surface layer of zirconia ceramics increases nanohardness and reduces the Young's modulus.

Features of modification of structure and properties of 12Cr1MoV steel subjected to ion-beam irradiation by zirconium ion beam have been investigated with the use of optical and electron microscopy, and microhardness measurement. It was shown that after the treatment the modification occurs across the entire cross-section of specimens with the thickness of 1 mm. Changes in mechanical properties of these specimens under static, cyclic and impact loading were interpreted in terms of identified structure modifications.

The methods of density functional theory (DFT in Kohn-Shem formalism) currently play the role of main instruments of quantum chemistry. The examination of the oxygen atoms behavior in germanium requires preliminary calibration of the functionals for less resourceintensive problems. With this end calibration of the germanium exchange and correlational functionals was made for the finite calculation of such parameters as oscillation frequencies, dipole moment, full electron energy. A correlation was found between the calculated values of Ge-O bond lengths and harmonic oscillation frequency. The functionals for further study of the oxygen behaviour in crystalline germanium were determined.

The goal of research is to develop the composite sorbent with application of various metal oxides nanoforms and nonpathogenic mold fungi mycelium modified by these nanoforms. This article describes the producing method of the composite sorbent and the research results of the sorbent sorption ability while the sorption process conditions are changed.

The dependences of the microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of ceramic mixtures Si₃N₄/TiN in the full range of mass ratios of the components. Was also investigated directly, and the process of sintering occurring during a physical or chemical processes, in particular, has been obtained and the hardness of the material density on the ratio of the conductive titanium nitride phase and a silicon nitride insulating phase with values above and below the percolation threshold. Also obtained was pure ceramics based on titanium nitride with high physical-mechanical characteristics (H = 21.5 GPa).

The article describes the design features of the matrix nanoscale pointed field emission cathodes based on silicon carbide with a graphene film. The influence of the distance between electrodes, the distance between cathodes, the cathode height at the fixed values of the rounding-off radius of the top, the potential difference and the half-angle of the opening of cone forming the cathode is researched. The effective parameters of the matrix pointed field emission structure with nanoscale cathodes that provides homogeneity of the electrical field are determined.

The results of combustion study for high-energy compositions (HECs) based on ammonium perchlorate (AP), butadiene rubber and ultrafine powder (UFP) aluminum Alex, and agglomeration of metal particles on the burning surface and composition of condensed combustion products (CCPs) are presented. It was found that partial replacement 2 wt. % of Alex by iron UFP in HEC increases the burning rate 1.3—1.4 times at the range of nitrogen pressure 2.0-7.5 MPa and reduces the mean diameter of CCPs particles d₄₃ from 37.4 μm to 33.5 μm at pressure ∼ 4 MPa. Upon partial replacement 2 wt. % of Alex by boron UFP in HEC the recoil force of gasification products outflow from burning surface is increased by 9 % and the burning rate of HEC does not change in the above pressure range, while the mean diameter of CCPs particles is reduced to 32.6 μm at p ∼ 4 MPa.

This paper reports on the orientation dependence of the shape memory effect and superelasticity in [001] and [23] single-phase and aged at 623K, 1 hour single crystals of ferromagnetic Co₄₉Ni₂₁Ga₃₀ (at.%) alloy with B2-L1₀ martensitic transformation. It was demonstrated that in single-phase crystals the values of reversible strain and the values of thermal and stress hysteresis depend on the crystal orientation. Precipitation of γ'-phase particles reduces the value of the shape memory effect and superelasticity and reduces their orientation dependence, increases the thermal and stress hysteresis in comparison with singlephase crystals.

In given paper presents data research of influence of boron on the functional properties - the shape memory effect and superelasticity in the [001] single crystals FeNiCoAlNb(B) alloys aged at 973 K for 5 hours. On the [001] single crystals FeNiCoAlNbB at aging at T = 973 K for 5 hour, it is shown, that boron leads to decrease the start M_s temperature of γ-α' martensitic transformation on cooling, to the development of γ-α' stress induced martensitic transformation at higher stress at one test temperature and to increase of thermal ΔT and stress Δσ hysteresis is compared to [001] crystals without boron.

The effect of mechanical milling in a planetary ball mills on dispersity of the synthesized lithium ferrite powder was investigated by laser diffraction technique. The mechanical milling of powder was carried out by two planetary ball mills: SPEX 8000M and Fritsch Pulverisette 5 with different time period. The lithium ferrite powder was milled for 30, 60 and 120 minutes in the first ball mill. The powder milled for 60 minutes in the second ball mill was performed. The results showed that an increase in the milling time slightly decreases the average particle size of the ferrite powder in case both ball mills. However, only milling in a SPEX planetary mill increases homogeneity of the ferrite powder, while the milling in Fritsch causes intensive processes of particle aggregation.

In this study the structure and properties of surface-alloyed cp-titanium layers obtained by non-vacuum electron beam cladding of niobium carbide powders were analyzed. A thickness of coatings fabricated by single-layer cladding was 1.3 mm. Cladding of the second layer led to an increase in the thickness by 0.8 mm. It was found that titanium carbide particles of different morphology acted as strengthening structural elements. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of α-Ti (α'-Ti), β-Ti, and TiC in the cladded layer. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of Nb in the titanium matrix as well as in the carbide phase. However, such phases as NbC and (Nb, Ti)C were not identified by the XRD analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed zones containing an increased amount of Nb. The structure of these zones was represented by the β-Ti and ω-Ti precipitation. An average microhardness value of cladded layers was approximately 330 HV.

Constant magnets are applied in such fields as electric equipment and electric generators with fixed rotor. Rare earth metal neodymium is well known as promising material. Production of magnets by sintering three elements (neodymium, iron and boron) is one the most promising methods. But there are difficulties in choosing the right temperature for sintering and further processing. Structure and properties of the product, consisted of rare earth metals, was analyzed. X-ray analysis of the resulting product and the finished constant magnet was performed. Vickers microhardness was obtained.

The research paper deals with the performance of composite resistive material heating coatings based on the polyurethane binder, filled with colloidal-graphite preparation C- 1, which can be used in structures of electric heaters. Frequency dependences of transmission and reflection coefficients, dielectric permeability of composite materials with the various content of carbon fillers (technical carbon, graphite) in polyurethane varnish in ranges of frequencies 26-40 GHz and 110-260 GHz are experimentally investigated.

Silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles can be used for ceramics reinforcement, creation of nanostructured ceramics, microelectromechanical systems. The paper presents the results of plasmadynamic synthesis of silicon carbide nanopowders. This method was realized by the synthesis in an electrodischarge plasma jet generated by a high-current pulsed coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator. Powdered carbon and silicon were used as precursors for the reaction. Four experiments with different energy levels (from 10.0 to 30.0 kJ) were carried out. The synthesized products were analysed by several modern techniques including X-ray diffractometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. According to analysis results all the products mainly composed of cubic silicon carbide (b-SiC) with a small amount of unreacted precursors. Silicon carbide particles have a clear crystal structure, a triangular shape and sizes to a few hundred nanometers. Comparison of the results of experiments with different energy levels made it possible to draw conclusions on ways to control product phase composition and dispersion. The silicon carbide content and particles sizes increase with increasing the energy level.

Ceramic sintering on the basis of Al₂O₃ activated by nanopowder additives Al₂O₃ and Al has been studied. The given paper shows that adding nanopowder Al₂O₃ in the amount of up to 20 wt. % into the coarse powder α-Al₂O₃ activates the sintering process and, as a result, leads to the increase in density and microhardness of sintered alumina ceramics. The study has revealed a significant effect of alumina ceramic density growth which is due to introducing the submicron powder TiO₂ to the initial blends composition.

In the present study the effects of stress-assisted aging of the Ti_49.2Ni_50.8 single crystals oriented along [11] direction on the stress-induced B2-R-B19' thermoelastic martensitic transformations and superelasticity are investigated. It is experimentally established that aging at 823 K for 1h under compression stress of 150 MPa along [11] direction leads to the precipitation of one crystallographic variant of Ti₃Ni₄ particles of 350(±30) nm in size. Precipitation the single variant of Ti₃Ni₄ particle results in an appearance of homogeneous long-range internal stress field |<σ_G>| ≈ 65 MPa, that defines the main features of stress-induced B2-R-B19' transformation and determines the increase in the characteristic temperatures of martensitic transformation and the existence of two-way shape memory effect.

The effects of high-energy external influences on structural heredity of Ti-Nb alloy is investigated in this paper. By the methods of XRD, SEM, EDX and optical microscopy it was founded that thermal treatment and severe plastic deformation lead to the phase transformations in the alloy, the dendritic segregation occurs and retains in the alloy under external influences.

The effect of hydrogen on temperature dependence of critical stress σ_cr(T), the shape memory effect and superelasticity for [11]-oriented single crystals of Ti-50.7Ni (at.%) and [23]-oriented single crystals of Ti-49%Ni-1%Fe (at.%) alloys at tensile deformation has been studied. It was shown that the change of temperatures of the martensitic transformation, symmetry of thermal hysteresis and level of σ_cr(M_s) and σ_cr(B2) stresses are determined by the phase state of the material (martensite or austenite) in the process of hydrogenation.

It was demonstrated that in single crystals of disordered iron-based (Fe-28%Ni- 17%Co-11.5%Al-2.5%X (at. %) (X = Ti, Ta, Ti + Ta) alloys, which undergoing γ-α' thermoelastic martensitic transformation (γ - fcc - face-centered cubic lattice, α' - bct - body- centered tetragonal lattice), the precipitation of ordered γ'-phase particles at aged at 973 K for 0.5 h and 7 h results in the shape memory effect and superelasticity. It was experimentally discovered, that the both mechanical and functional properties - the shape memory effect and superelasticity - can be controlled by changing the chemical composition, the size and the volume fraction of dispersed particles of γ'-phase.

The results of study for the influence of metallic and nonmetallic nanopowders on the combustion parameters of mixed energetic materials based on ammonium nitrate are presented and compared with materials, containing micropowders of metals. The catalytic activity rank of the powders is plotted showing their effect on the combustion characteristics of mixed energetic materials.

Boron carbide synthesized by using coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with graphite electrodes was purified by two different ways. XRD-investigations showed content changing and respectively powder purification. Moreover TEM-investigations demonstrated morphology changing of product under purification that was discussed in the work.

The effects of heat treatment on the stress-induced B2-B19' martensitic transformations in the Ni_51.0Ti_36.5Hf_12.5 single crystals oriented along [236] direction are studied. It is shown that in the annealed at 1323K for 4 h crystals, the temperature range of superelasticity increase almost twofold from 75K up to 135K as compared to the as-grown single crystal contained disperse particles of H-phase. The [236]-oriented Ni_51.0Ti_36.5Hf_12.5 single crystals are characterized with high levels of applied compressive stress up to 1700 MPa in the as-grown state and 1900 MPa in annealed crystals for the completely reversible stress- induced B2-B19' martensitic transformation with reversible strain up to |ε_SE| =1.4%.

The stress-induced martensitic transformation in the [011]-oriented Ni_45.3Ti_29.7Hf₂₀Pd₅ (at. %) single crystals in as-grown, homogenized and aged states were investigated in compression. It is experimentally shown that heat treatments of single crystals result in increase in martensitic transformation temperatures, two-fold decrease in reversible strain and increase in strain-hardening coefficient. As-grown single crystals demonstrate large temperature range of superelasticity (up to 140 K), large reversible strain (up to 4.3%) and large work output in comparison with homogenized and aged crystals.

An algorithm for selection of the size of a correlation kernel at displacement vector field construction by the method of digital image correlation has been proposed. The algorithm has been tested on simulated and experimental optical images having different texture. The influence of the correlation kernel size and image texture on nose immunity at determining displacements has been studied. It is shown that the proposed algorithm allows to find this size providing the minimum error when determination of displacements and estimation of deformation.

The ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium (CP-Ti) was studied. The microstrucrure was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and optical profilometer New View 6200. The microhardness of CP-Ti specimens was measured by microhardness tester with the Vickers pyramid. It was found that UIT of CP-Ti specimens led to severe plastic deformation of surface layer with a thickness equals to 120 μm. This was accompanied by an increase in compressive residual stresses, a growth of the microhardness, a crystallographic texture change and a rise of density of deformation twins in surface layers of titanium specimens. It was shown that the deformation twins play a determining role in microstructure and mechanical properties changes of the surface layer of titanium specimens.

Aluminum nitride is widely-used material for semiconductor devices and ceramics production. Despite the large number of known ways to obtain AlN powder, the problem of synthesizing high-purity and nanosized product is still urgent. This paper shows results on plasma dynamic synthesis of aluminum nitride using system based coaxial magneto plasma accelerator. The influence of using gaseous or solid precursors on such characteristics of the final product as phase content and particle size distribution was investigated. According to X- Ray diffractometry AlN phase content is increased in the case of use of solid nitrogen- containing precursor (melamine) in comparison with the use of gaseous nitrogen. The particle sizes distribution histograms are built in accordance with the data of bright-field TEM-images and shown in this paper. The most of particles are less than 100 nm in both experiment but there are some differences, depended on the precursor type, that are also described.

Blend polyester powder paint and particulate carbon filler in the form of colloidal graphite and the carbon black product were investigated. Powder paint and carbon materials were treated together in a planetary ball mill. The data of the structural analysis and transmission coefficients of electromagnetic waves of terahertz range through the flat shape samples are presented.

This work aims to develop and rationale statistical and control tools set to ensure correct interpretation of measurements and data received from cluster well in the automated mode. Robust procedure is offered for control chart interpretation that allows maximizing the determination of real faults and minimizing false alarms counts.

The article introduces social network user sentiment evaluation with proposed technique based on fuzzy sets. The advantage of proposed technique consists in ability to take into account user's influence as well as the fact that a user could be an author of several messages. Results presented in this paper can be used in mechanical engineering to analyze reviews on products as well as in robotics for developing user communication interface. The paper contains experimental data and shows the steps of sentiment value calculation of resulting messages on a certain topic. Application of proposed technique is demonstrated on experimental data from Twitter social network.

The algorithm for the definition of the interval settings of the linear regulator ensuring its robust stability and admissible oscillation was developed. The algorithm is based and constructed on the sufficient conditions binding the interval coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of the system and its regulator parameters. The application of this algorithm for the definition of the interval coefficient of the transfer function was also considered in the given paper. Performance of the algorithm was tested by construction of localization regions of the roots of the interval polynomial upon the determined intervals of the controller parameters.

This paper presents a method of preliminary localization of the iris, based on the stable brightness features of the iris in images of the eye. In tests on images of eyes from publicly available databases method showed good accuracy and speed compared to existing methods preliminary localization.

The article discusses issues in developing algorithms and software for specialized computing devices based on neuroprocessors, to be used in automatic control of electric- mechanical system modules (in this case study, a hexapod) in a mode that is close to real-time. The practical implementation employed an NM6406 neuroprocessor based on an MC 51.03 tool module and an MB 77.07 microcomputer, developed by the Module Research Centre.

The article represents research results about the knowledge base development for the intellectual information system for the bankruptcy risk assessment of the enterprise. It is described the process analysis of the knowledge base development; the main process stages, some problems and their solutions are given. The article introduces the connectionist model for the bankruptcy risk assessment based on the analysis of industrial enterprise financial accounting. The basis for this connectionist model is a three-layer perceptron with the back propagation of error algorithm. The knowledge base for the intellectual information system consists of processed information and the processing operation method represented as the connectionist model. The article represents the structure of the intellectual information system, the knowledge base, and the information processing algorithm for neural network training. The paper shows mean values of 10 indexes for industrial enterprises; with the help of them it is possible to carry out a financial analysis of industrial enterprises and identify correctly the current situation for well-timed managerial decisions. Results are given about neural network testing on the data of both bankrupt and financially strong enterprises, which were not included into training and test sets.

The goal of this paper is to describe a system for a mashing process, which is the first part of brewing beer. The mashing is a procedure where the fermentable (and some nonfermentable) sugars are extracted from malts. The program part based on LabVIEW, which is used to control NI CompactRIO. The main target of the project is to reach a predefined levels of the temperatures and maintain it during the pauses. When the necessary break time is ended the system is ready to go to the new value. The precise control of the temperatures during the breaks is one of the critical factors that define the texture and alcohol content of the beer. The system has two tanks with resistors PT'00 in both of them, heat exchanger (coil), heater and pump. The first tank has heating element in order to rise the temperature in the other one. This project has practical solution with all explanations and graphs which are proven working ability of this control system.

The results of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) tests with 9 degrees of freedom MEMS sensor MPU-9150 (triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer), pressure sensor LPS331 and ultrasonic range meter HC-SR04, implemented on the FPGA Altera Cyclone-II evaluation board DE1 is considered. SINS measures the spatial coordinates and altitude relative to the starting point, the orientation angles and distances to obstacles along the way. It is shown that the relative error of the spatial coordinates estimation does not exceed 1.1% in interval of some minutes.

Permanent magnet synchronous motors for the effective start require information about the initial position of a rotor. In this regard, most systems use position sensors, which substantially increase entirely a cost of an electrical drive [1-3]. The aim of this article is to develop a new method, allowing determining the absolute angular position of the permanent magnet synchronous motors' rotor [4,5]. With a certain voltage pulses applied to the motor, its stator is magnetized by currents leakage in the windings. This allows using a special algorithm to calculate the absolute position of the rotor without using any motor parameters [6]. Simulation results prove the simplicity and efficiency of this method for determining an initial position of the permanent magnet synchronous motors' rotor. Thus, this method can be widely used in the electrical industry.

Nowadays, there is a need in developing a common information space for providing a centralized data storage of geobotanical descriptions while studying a landscape and custom software for collecting, storing and processing semi-structured data. In the paper, the results of information system development for maintaining a geobotanical database are discussed. The database was developed via the bottom-up design approach and ER-model (Entity- Relationship). The analysis results of geobotanical data obtained from field studies and the database structure of geobotanical descriptions while studying a landscape are considered. At the moment, the information system for maintaining the geobotanical database is applied by the Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences.

The method of adaptive control of accuracy at centerless grinding is developed. This method is based on statistical modeling of Monte Carlo and considers basic data of measurement of roundness of details. Results of application of the method for control of the accuracy of processing of rings of rolling bearings are given.

The article describes the approach to the assessment of indicators of reliability of products, having in its composition of perforated pipes. The idea of writing this article was born during the practical work on the reliability of the mass transfer performance evaluation system, which is part of the system to maintain the concentration of oxygen in a systems perspective SVBR-100. The article provides an overview of the currently existing, approaches to estimate the reliability of the products containing a perforated structure, as well as theoretical and practical part, to the use of the proposed approach.

Data, which finding during thermal differential analysis of sampled irradiated graphite are presented. Results of computational modeling of Winger energy release process from irradiated graphite staking are demonstrated. It's shown, that spontaneous combustion of graphite possible only in adiabatic case.

At the present day the industrial cities run into severe problem: fallen snow in a city it's a concentrator of pollutants and their quantity is constantly increasing by technology development. Pollution of snow increases because of emission of gases to the atmosphere by cars and factories. Large accumulation of polluted snow engenders many vexed ecological problems. That's why we need a new, non-polluting, scientifically based method of snow disposal. This paper investigates polluted snow's physicochemical property effects on snow melting. A distinctive feature of the ion accelerators with self-magnetically insulated diode is that there.

The current commercial use of electron accelerators grows in research, industry, medical diagnosis and treatment. Due to this fact, the creation of a model describing the electron beam profile and shape is an actual task. The model of the TPU microtron extracted electron beam created in the program "Computer Laboratory (PCLab)" is described and compared with experimental results in this article. The value of the internal electron beam divergence determination is illustrated. The experimental data of the electron beam profiles at the selected distances from the output window are analysed and compared with the simulation data. The simulation data of the electron beam profiles are shown.

Characteristics of the resonant diffraction radiation (RDR) generated by ultrarelativistic particles passing near a tilted grating have been considered. Angular distribution of RDR can be used for diagnostics of a beam divergence. Such a technique is noninvasive practically.

The skin is the largest organ of the human body that performs many specialized functions. The main kind of the skin study is histological analysis, so the development of noninvasive methods for investigating the characteristics of the skin is very important. For a more detailed study of the skin the combined infrared spectroscopy and bioimpedance method has been proposed so that to examine the structure of the skin in more detail.

The problems of ecological and radiation safety of the construction of man-made waste like fly ash thermal power plants were researched. The chemical composition of TPPs ashes of Primorsky Territory was studied, defined their specific effective activity of natural radionuclides. The most modern research methods were used - differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray analysis. It was revealed that the ash of the Primorskaya TPP and Partizanskaya TPP has exceed the permissible parameters of radioactivity, so not suitable for use in construction. Ashes of Vladivostok TPP-2 and Artem TPP of Primorsky Region on parameters radioactivity and chemical composition have suitable for use as a filler in the concrete.

This work is mostly focused on the melting process model simulation of quartz particles having the radius within the range of 10^-6-10^-3 m. The melting process is simulated accounting for the heat generation at an electric current passage through a quartz particle.

Anthropogenic objects which load the urban environment negatively affects the human psyche. The alternative is attracting elements of the natural environment into urban environment, of which some of the most frequently identified are birds. Attracting birds in the city is possible by means of feeders and artificial nests, however, both must be harmonious. The aim of this study is to analyze the essential functions of the feeders, and their integration into the environmental design and development of the city. On this basis an original feeder which is convenient for use by birds and attracts people's attention is developed. In this paper we apply comparative analysis of different types of feeders encountered in Tomsk, bird watching, and evaluate usability of different types of feeders from the position of their convenience both for birds and human beings. Historical-cultural analysis for determining features of the architectural and environmental design of Tomsk is carried out, the method allows us to solve engineering problems. In this study the feeder convenient for bird use is designed which blends harmoniously with the architectural design of Tomsk.

The method of transformation is attracting widespread interest in fields such contemporary design. However, in theory of design little attention has been paid to a categorical status of the term "transformation". This paper presents the conceptual analysis of transformation based on the theory of form employed in the influential essays by Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. In the present work the transformation as a method of shaping design has been explored as well as potential application of this term in design has been demonstrated.

Use of metal in the design of interior stairs presents new features for shaping, and can be implemented using different technologies. The article discusses the features of design and production technologies of forged metal spiral staircase considering the image semantics based on the historical and cultural heritage. To achieve the objective was applied structural- semantic method (to identify the organization of structure and semantic features of the artistic image), engineering methods (to justify the construction of the object), anthropometry method and ergonomics (to provide usability), methods of comparative analysis (to reveale the features of the way the ladder in different periods of culture). According to the research results are as follows. Was revealed the semantics influence on the design of interior staircase that is based on the World Tree image. Also was suggested rational calculation of steps to ensure the required strength. And finally was presented technology, providing the realization of the artistic image. In the practical part of the work is presented version of forged staircase.

Woodworking companies looking for a simple solution to simplify and speed up the whole process of making a carved balusters. Tech solution is the replacement of threaded elements solid wood balusters on plastic threaded overhead items secured by adhesive to the surface of the workpiece chiseled. This solution allows to reduce the cost of manufacturing carved balusters, without resorting to a woodcarver and using expensive equipment. Through further improvements, such as painting, patina, it turns out a product that is difficult to distinguish from solid carved balusters.

The sequence of the industrial product shaping is specified, the main modeling characteristics of the configuration and some of its parts are designated subject to the electrocardiograph design and the technologies used for the production of its body.

The development of new technologies of processing of industrial art products to improve their functional, ergonomic and aesthetic properties is one of the important directions of improvement of product design. The article presents the technology of preliminary contact thermal modification of sheets of veneer in the production of low-toxic decorative plywood and laminated products, which lets significantly improve their water resistance. It has been established that thermal modification of wood material causes a decrease in density with increasing temperature and duration of treatment. A mathematical model describing the process of heat treatment of wood veneer and allowing predicting the degree of thermal modification of wood material depending on the modes of modification has been developed. Several studies to determine the basic properties of plywood made on the basis of heat-treated veneer were conducted in the work. Studies have shown that the thermal effect on veneer in the manufacture of plywood provides improves water-repellent properties of it, while not increasing its toxicity. It has also been found that the alternating of layers of wood with varying degrees of heat treatment when creating laminated products greatly enhances the decorative features of the products.

The aim of the present research is to discuss Tomsk Polytechnic University in respect of forming engineers' sociocultural competence and teaching engineering ethics. Today international standards of training engineers cover efficient communication skills, ability to understand societal and environment context, professional and ethical responsibility. This article deals with the problem of contradiction between the need to form engineers' sociocultural competence in Russian higher education institutions in order to meet the requirements of international accreditation organizations and the real capabilities of existing engineering curricula. We have described ethics teaching experience of TPU, studied the engineering master programs of TPU to see how the planned results are achieved. We have also given our recommendations to alter the structure of TPU educational curricula, which can also be applied in other higher education institutions.

Involvement of young people into science at the present time is relevant not only in Russia but as well in countries with big experience in this process. The article states that profession of scientist is considered prestigious in the United States and positioned at 4th place in the rating, wheras in Russia it is only at 19th place in the similar rating. The conclusion is based on the sociological studies conducted in the United States and Russia. The authors speculate that changes in public policy in Russia, aimed at recovering of scientific potential, had an impact on young people's ideas and motivation for scientific work. The article provides an analysis of the sociological study conducted by the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), which aims to determine the willingness and possibility to engage in scientific work. The authors note that TPU entered the federal program "5-100-2020" at 4th place in the ranking of the best universities in Russia and has extensive experience, research base, international training programs, exchanges, and internships with best universities in the United States and Europe. The main conclusions of the study is that master students are ready to engage in scientific work; conditions created at the university are the backbone for the development of scientific career of the students; the highest motivation for students is the satisfaction in their scientific advisors.

The article presents the analysis of usage of project management methodology in Tomsk Polytechnic University, in particular the experience with the course Project management which started 15 years ago. The article presents the discussion around advantages of project management methodology for engineering education and administration of the university in general and the problems impeding extensive implementation of this methodology in teaching, research and management in the university.