Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author affiliations

¹ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, NY 11367, USA

² Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

³ Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

⁴ Department of Forest Ecology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden

⁵ CESAM and Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal

⁶ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 22708-0287, USA

⁷ Federal Research Station Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland

⁸ School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada

⁹ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Programa LBA, Campus-II, Manaus—Amazonas 69060, Brazil

¹⁰ University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Biosystem Physics, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium

¹¹ Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Research, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland

¹² Department of Meteorology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány sétány 1/A, Hungary

¹³ Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada

¹⁴ INRA, UR1263 EPHYSE, Villenave d'Ornon F-33883, France

¹⁵ School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

¹⁶ Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 23, D-01737, Tharandt, Germany

¹⁷ Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

¹⁸ University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall 1530 Cleveland Avenue N. St Paul, MN 55108, USA

¹⁹ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands

²⁰ Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK

²¹ ETH, Zurich, Institute of Plant Science, Universitaetsstrasse 2, Zuerich 8092, Switzerland

²² National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA

²³ UMR INRA-INA PG—Environment and Arable Crops Unit 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France

²⁴ Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada

²⁵ Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA

²⁶ LSCE, UMR CEA-CNRS, Batiment 709, CE, L'Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

²⁷ School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JU, UK

²⁸ Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

²⁹ Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

³⁰ Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA

³¹ Wind Energy Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, PO 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

³² Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, Ecologie, Systematique et Evolution, Orsay Cedex F-91405, France

³³ Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA

³⁴ Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

³⁵ Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA

³⁶ Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA

³⁷ Department of Physical and Earth Science, Worcester State College, 486 Chandler Street Worcester, MA 01602, USA

³⁸ ESS-CC, Alterra Wageningen UR, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

³⁹ Atmospheric Science Group, LAWR, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA

⁴⁰ Institute for Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland

⁴¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada

⁴² Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany

⁴³ USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA

⁴⁴ IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione E Mach, Environment and Natural Resources Area, San Michele all'Adige, I38010 Trento, Italy

⁴⁵ Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

⁴⁶ Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

⁴⁷ INRA, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Écophysiologie Forestierès, F54280, Champenoux, France

⁴⁸ Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Department of Meteorology, Piennerstrasse 9, 01737 Tharandtt, Germany

⁴⁹ Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China

⁵⁰ University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck 6020, Austria

⁵¹ Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China

⁵² Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

⁵³ Hungarian Meteorological Service, H-1675 Budapest, PO Box 39, Hungary

⁵⁴ Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (Edinburgh) Bush Estate Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK

⁵⁵ Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands

⁵⁶ School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia

⁵⁷ Biosystems Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, PO 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

⁵⁸ Geobiosphere Science Centre, Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

⁵⁹ Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

⁶⁰ School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA

⁶¹ Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland

⁶² INRA, Unité d'Agronomie, 234, Avenue du Brézet, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France

⁶³ Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Institut für Agrarrelevante Klimaforschung, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany

⁶⁴ Department of Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada

⁶⁵ CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

⁶⁶ Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences and Geoscience, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA

⁶⁷ Rende Division, Institute for Atmospheric Pollution, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 87036 Rende, Italy

⁶⁸ Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Na Sadkach 7 370 050, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

⁶⁹ Centre d'études de la forêt Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada

⁷⁰ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

⁷¹ Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Argonne, IL 60439, USA

⁷² National Research Council, Institute of Agroenvironmental and Forest Biology, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy

⁷³ Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada

⁷⁴ Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemie, Jena, D-07745, Germany

⁷⁵ NOAA/ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-2456, USA

⁷⁶ Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy

⁷⁷ CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy

⁷⁸ CNRS-CEFE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

⁷⁹ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

⁸⁰ Servizi Forestali, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy

⁸¹ Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy

⁸² Alterra Green World Research, Wageningen, NL 6700 AA, The Netherlands

⁸³ University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Crops Management, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium

⁸⁴ Zambian Meteorological Department, Western Province, Mongu, Zambia

⁸⁵ Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

⁸⁶ Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Agricultural University of Gödöllô, H-2103 Gödöllô, Páter Károly u. 1, Hungary

⁸⁷ Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, NC 29695, USA

⁸⁸ Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA

⁸⁹ Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA

⁹⁰ Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA

⁹¹ CESAM and Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal

⁹² Instituto Superior Tecnico, Mechanical Engineering Department, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

⁹³ The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

⁹⁴ DREAM, CEFE, CNRS, UMR5175, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

⁹⁵ Earth System Science Center, National Institute of Space Research, Cachoeira Paulista, SP 12630, Brazil

⁹⁶ Department of Physics, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland

⁹⁷ Department of Geography, McGill University 805, Sherbrooke Street West Montréal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada

⁹⁸ Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA

⁹⁹ Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan

¹⁰⁰ Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, Parque Tecnologico, Charles H Darwin 14, E-46980 Paterna, Spain

¹⁰¹ Agricultural Research Council, Department of Agronomy, Forestry and Land Use, 00184 Rome, Italy

¹⁰² Atmospheric Environmental Research Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

¹⁰³ Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Center European Commission, TP 280, I-21020 Ispra, Italy

¹⁰⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206, USA

¹⁰⁵ Atmospheric Sciences Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK

¹⁰⁶ Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany

¹⁰⁷ Department of Forest Environment and Resources, University of Tuscia, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy

¹⁰⁸ The University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI 49769, USA

¹⁰⁹ School of Mathematics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116039, People's Republic of China

¹¹⁰ Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China

¹¹¹ IMSG@National Center for Environmental Predictions, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA

¹¹² Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

¹¹³ Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA

¹¹⁴ Graduate Degree Program in Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610-1477, USA

¹¹⁵ Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan

¹¹⁶ Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001 Qinghai, People's Republic of China