Abstract
A family of second-difference statistics has been designed for use on regular but unevenly spaced two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) time series. The characteristics of these new statistics are compared with those of the Allan variance (AVAR) and modified Allan variance (MVAR). The new statistics are used to estimate values of AVAR, MVAR and TVAR. Direct comparisons are made with estimates of these quantities based on an interpolated time series. Confidence interval determination is discussed. The application of the new variances to TWSTFT and geodetic GPS time transfer data is presented.
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