Table of contents

International Conference on Science and Applied Science (Engineering and Educational Science) 2016 (ICSAS 2016) was held at the Syariah Hotel Solo, Surakarta, Indonesia on 19 November 2016. The ICSAS 2016 conference is aimed to bring together scholars, leading researchers and experts from diverse backgrounds and applications areas in Science. Special emphasis is placed on promoting interaction between the science theoretical, experimental, and education sciences, engineering so that a high level exchange in new and emerging areas within Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics and Biology, all areas of sciences and applied mathematics and sciences is achieved.

In ICSAS 2016, there are five parallel sessions and five keynote speakers. It is an honour to present this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS) and we deeply thank the authors for their enthusiastic and high-grade contribution. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all in the Programming Committee who have reviewed the papers and developed a very interesting Conference Program, as well as thanking the invited and plenary speakers. Finally, we would like to thank the conference chairman, the members of the steering committee, the organizing committee, the organizing secretariat and the financial support from the Sebelas Maret University that allowed ICSAS 2016 to be a success.

The Editor of the ICSAS 2016 Proceedings:

Prof. Dra. Soeparmi, M.A.,Ph.D

Dr. Fuad Anwar, S.Si., M.Si

Organizer

Graduate Program, Physics Department, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

Phone/fax : 0271-669017 psw 308

email: icsas@mail.uns.ac.id

Chairman

1. Prof. Dra. Soeparmi, M.A., Ph.D, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

2. Dr. Fuad Anwar, S.Si., M.Si, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

Organizing Committee

1. Prof. Drs. Cari, M.A., M.Sc., PhD, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

2. Ahmad Marzuki, S.Si., Ph.D., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

3. Dr. Eng Budi Purnama, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

4. Dr. Fahru Nurosyid, S.Si., M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

5. Drs. Harjana, M.Si. M.Sc., Ph.D, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

6. Dr. Agus Supriyanto, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

7. Dr. Yofentina Iriani, S.Si., M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

8. Dr.Eng. Risa Suryana, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

9. Khairuddin, S.Si., M.Phil, Ph.D., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

10. Drs. Iwan Yahya, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

11. Mohtar Yunianto, S.Si, M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

12. Dr. Nuryani, S.Si., M.Si., Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

D dimensional Schrodinger equation for the mixed Manning Rosen potential was investigated using supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We obtained the energy eigenvalues from radial part solution and wavefunctions in radial and angular parts solution. From the lowest radial wavefunctions, we evaluated the Shannon entropy information using Matlab software. Based on the entropy densities demonstrated graphically, we obtained that the wave of position information entropy density moves right when the value of potential parameter q increases, while its wave moves left with the increase of parameter α. The wave of momentum information entropy densities were expressed in graphs. We observe that its amplitude increase with increasing parameter q and α

The aim of this work is to highlight results of energy eigenstates on some noncompact finite hyperbolic surfaces. Such systems are known to exhibit both continuous and discrete spectra and are dependent on the subgroups of the modular group that underlie these surfaces. We study explicitly the cases of Maass cusp forms on the singly punctured two-torus and the triply punctured two-sphere for their eigenvalues. The eigenvalues for the torus system are doubly degenerate while for the sphere case, the eigenvalues are nondegenerate. We also note that the lowest eigenvalue of the sphere system is larger than that of the torus system.

Logic and technical subjects require students to understand basic knowledge in mathematic. For instance, addition, minus, division and multiplication operations need to be mastered by students due to mathematic complexity as the learning mathematic grows higher. Weak foundation in mathematic also contribute to high failure rate in mathematic subjects in schools. In fact, students in primary schools are struggling to learn mathematic because they need to memorize formulas, multiplication or division operations. To date, this study will develop a puppet prototyping for learning mathematic for six to ten digits multiplication. Ten participants involved in the process of developing the prototype in this study. Students involved in the study were those from the intermediate class students whilst teachers were selected based on their vast knowledge and experiences and have more than five years of experience in teaching mathematic. Close participatory analysis will be used in the prototyping process as to fulfil the requirements of the students and teachers whom will use the puppet in learning six to ten digit multiplication in mathematic. Findings showed that, the students had a great time and fun learning experience in learning multiplication and they able to understand the concept of multiplication using puppet. Colour and materials of the puppet also help to attract student attention during learning. Additionally, students able to visualized and able to calculate accurate multiplication value and the puppet help them to recall in multiplying and adding the digits accordingly.

Emphasizing the aspects of soft skills among students is an important element to produce graduates who are competitive when facing any situations in the workplace. Various efforts have been taken by the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) to improve the education system in Malaysia. Learning methods were introduced to ensure the education systems achieve the educational goals and to produce individuals who are well-balanced with spiritually, emotionally and physically. However, the issue of unemployment among graduates often being spoken in the community and it was regarded as a failure of educational institutions to produce quality graduates. Thus, the method of Work-Based Learning (WBL) was seen as a way to improve the soft skills among the graduates. The study was conducted using quantitative research survey as the design of the study used a questionnaire that was adapted as an instrument. Data were analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The respondents were consisted of 97 students who attended WBL programs at the community college. Data were obtained from questionnaires using descriptive statistics for the calculation of the mean and one-way ANOVA test. The findings of the level of soft skills among community colleges were high where the communication skills obtained (mean = 4.1218), critical and problem solving skills (mean = 4.0946), teamwork skills (mean = 4.2297), learning and information management (mean = 4.1219), entrepreneurial skills (mean = 4.0240), professional ethics and moral (mean = 3.9410) and leadership skills (mean = 4.2104). The findings also showed the differences in term of communication skills among the community colleges. This study was significant to the community colleges to identify the level of soft skills among students who performed WBL methods in order to reduce the number of unemployment.

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) loop test is highly contributes to the lead-alloy-cooled fast breeder reactor (LFR) and accelerator driven system (ADS) research and development by providing comprehensive results of both corrosion and erosion phenomenon. Bellows-sealed valve is a crucial part in the LBE loop test apparatus, due to its capability of preventing corrosion on valve spring, thus improves the operation time of the system. LBE is very corrosive to stainless steel by formation of oxide layer or elemental dissolution, e.g. Ni. Thus, new type of bellows for bellows-sealed valve made of nickel free material, i.e. YUS409D, is proposed to be used in the LBE. Bellows material undergo heat treatments for mechanical improvement including cold working and annealing. The thickness reduction by the heat treatments is about 90% of initial condition. Corrosion behavior of the bellows has been studied in stagnant LBE at 500 and 600 °C for 500 hours. The oxygen concentration was controlled at about 10⁻⁷ wt%. Typical oxide layers were developed on the surface. Oxidation rate was sharply increased at 600°C.

We study nonlinear sigma model, especially Skyrme model with twist: twisted Skyrmion string where twist term, mkz, is indicated in vortex solution. To add gravity, we replace g^μv in Lagrangian system with a space-time metric tensor, g^μv which in view of the time-independence and cylindrical symmetry of the assumed vortex solution is taken to be a function of r alone. We use ode45 for numerical calculation, i.e. a tool box in Matlab to solve coupled Einstein field equations which have ordinary differential equations (ODE) form.

In this study, we have investigated polymorphic silica (SiO₂) powders using, Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), laboratory X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments. The WAXS and XANES spectra were collected using synchrotron radiation at Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The silica powders were obtained by processing silica sand from Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Purification process of silica sand was done by magnetic separation and immersion with HCl. The purification step was needed to reduce impurity or undesirable non Si elements. Three polymorphs of silica were produced, i.e. amorphous phase (A), quartz (B), and cristobalite (C). WAXS profile for each phase was presented in terms of intensity vs. 2θ prior to analyses. Both XRD (λ_CuKα=1.54056 Å) and WAXS (λ=1.09 Å) patttern show that (1) A sample contains no crystallites, (2) B sample is monophasic, contains only quartz, and (3) C sample contains cristobalite and trydimite. XRD quantitative analysis using Rietica gave 98,8 wt% cristobalite, while the associated WAXS data provided 98.7 wt% cristobalite. Si K-edge XANES spectra were measured at energy range 1840 to 1920 eV. Qualitatively, the pre-edge and edge features for all phases are similar, but their main peaks in the post-edge region are different.

Thin films of double layer of ZnO/Al has succeeded in deposition on a glass substrate using sol-gel method and spray coating techniques. Variations of doping Al as much as 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. ZnO precursor synthesized using zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(COOCH₃)₂.2H₂O), isopropanol ((CH₃)₂CHOH) and monoethanolamine (MEA) were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 45 minutes. ZnO precursor get homogeneous and then added of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate predetermined doping concentration and stirred again for 15 minutes. Deposition solution is done by the spray on a glass substrate and then heated at a temperature of 450°C. A layer of ZnO/Al deposited over the ZnO to produce a thin layer of a double layer. Optical properties layer of ZnO/Al characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Based on data from UV-Vis absorbance was determined the value of the energy band gap. Pure and dopped layers has different energy due the Al dopping. For pure ZnO layer has energy band gap of 3.347 eV and decreased to 3.09 eV for ZnO layer with Al dopant.

This study aims are to analyze the effect of cobalt doping concentration to the optical properties ZnO:Co thin films deposited by using sol-gel spray coating technique. Deposition of ZnO and ZnO:Co thin films has been successfully formed on a glass substrate using sol-gel method of spray coating technique with a variation of doping Co as much as 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11%. Solution of ZnO:Co synthesized by mixing zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn (COOCH₃)₂.2H₂O into a isopropanol ((CH₃)₂CHOH) then monoethanolamine (MEA) and cobalt nitrate are added as a dopant at room temperature, then ZnO:Co sprayed on a glass substrate that has been heated at a temperature of 450°C. A thin film further characterized using spectrophotometer Uv-Vis to determine the value of absorbance and transmittance. Energy band gap was determined by using tauc plot that uses the absorbance value. The results show that there has been a difference in the value of the Energy band gap of ZnO with and without of Co doping. The addition of Co doping causes the decrease of small energy band gap. The magnitude of the energy band gap of thin films of ZnO is 3.337 eV and ZnO:Co 3% is 3.129 eV. Thin film that has narrower band gap was applied for material photocatalyst

In this study conducted to evaluate the collimator 4 mm, 8 mm, 16 mm to determine the level of precision Gamma Knife Perfexion there three years and eight months has not carried out measurements after the first year and verify the alignment of sector 1-8. Measurement with three axes (x-axis, y-axis, z-axis) using the film Gafcromic EBT-3, which will be signaled to a central point in the film to be measured and given a dose of 5 Gy for 10 minutes and then scanned and analyzed using ImageJ softwere 1.50 and dose rate in film comparison with measurent dose rate using electrometer. Alignment of Patient-Positioning System (PPS) with Radiation Focal Point (RFP) determination of quality control testing each collimator 4 mm in the standard test with < 0.1 and > 0.4 mm passive voice AAPM 54. The results of the standard are still in conformity item 0.21 mm for 4 mm and corelasi dose rate film and measurent using electrometer collimator 4 mm = 0.965, 8 mm = 0.964, 16 mm = 0.959.

Magnetotelluric (MT) data is used to derive resistivity imaging of subsurface. The subsurface resistivity is obtained by inversion of MT data. Generally, MT data contains two parts, namely: apparent resistivity and phase or real and imaginary parts. Inversion of MT data for reconstructing resistivity value of each layer is to minimize single objective (combination two parameters MT data) which used global or local optimization method. Nerveless, single objective optimization method has several disadvantages, such as; (1) weight value to combine two parameters of MT data is needed, where this weigh value depend on the amplitude of both MT data; (2) there is no validation of the inversion results. In this research, Inversion MT data to estimate 1D resistivity of subsurface uses multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D)to minimize root mean square error (RMSE) of calculated and observed data for apparent resistivity and phase data simultaneously. The algorithm has applied to synthetic and field data. This result shows that MOEA/D algorithm is robust and accurate to determine subsurface resistivity and lithology.

Laboratory measurements of Ultrasonic P-wave velocities were conducted in weakly compacted sandstone with varying degree of water saturations. We used P wave transducer at frequency 63 kHz and imbibition technique in order to study the influence of water saturation on the P-wave velocity. Our experiment showed that the P-wave velocity (Vp) was reduced significantly at the beginning of the imbibition process. The variations on travel times and the amplitude changes were detected at any degree of saturation. The first and second amplitude of P wave decreased as water saturation (S_w) increased in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 in B5 sample, the amplitude increased again afterward. The shifting peaks of the signal that indicated attenuation were also observed in the experimental.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has been famous as a beverage and natural medicine. It contains a broad range of primary and secondary metabolites i.e. polyphenols. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been widely used for metabolic profiling in medicinal plants. It provides a very fast and detailed analysis of the biomolecular composition of crude extracts. Moreover, an NMR spectrum is a physical characteristic of a compound and thus highly reproducible. Therefore, this study aims to profile metabolites of three different varieties of green tea C. Sinensis grown in Kemuning, Middle Java. Three varieties of green tea collected on Kemuning (TR1 2025, Gambung 4/5, and Chiaruan 143) were used in this study. 1H-NMR spectra were recorded at 230C on a 400 MHz Agilent WB (Widebore). The analysis was performed on dried green tea leaves and analyzed by 1H-NMR, 2D-J-resolved and 1H-1H correlated spectroscopy (COSY). MestRenova version 11.0.0 applied to identify metabolites in samples. A ¹H-NMR spectrum of tea showed amino acids and organic acids signal at the area δ 0.8–4.0. These were theanine, alanine, threonine, succinic acid, aspartic acid, lactic acid. Anomeric protons of carbohydrate were shown by the region of β-glucose, α-glucose, fructose and sucrose. The phenolic region was depicted at area δ 5.5-8.5. Epigallocatechin derivates and caffeine were detected in the tea leaves. The detail compound identification was observed and discussed in the text.

The Qur'an is the book of Allah revealed to guide human beings, settting the rules of life to enable them to achieve happiness in this world and hereafter. The Qur'an has mentioned various scientific nature detailly and accurately so we are able to find new knowledge which is previously unknown by human being. One was about the God particle (Higgs Boson). This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the concept of the Higgs Boson, the Higgs Boson explained this concept in detail relatated to 1) Perspective of science 2) Perspective of Al-Qur'an 3) Development of technology or science and technology. This study is a qualitative research using library research (library research) that examines and analyzes the books relating directly or indirectly. The results of the analysis states that 1) The concept of the Higgs Boson particle in terms of basic science is also the reason why almost all elementary particles have a greater mass, 2) The concept of the Higgs Boson in the Qur'an is implied from the results of the comparison interpretation of the commentators in Surah Yunus paragraph 61 related to Atom concepts and smaller particles theory of (Higgs Boson), interpretation of Al-Maraghi, and Al-Misbah. 3) The concept of the Higgs Boson in science and technology provide the most advance technology and it is the greatest achievement in the world of science and technology.

Heavy rain in Biak on 4–5 December 2014 caused a flood. The accumulation of rainfall until 5 December was 102 mm, it exceeded BMKG's threshold about the intensity of extreme condition. This research aimed to find out the atmospheric conditions related to super heavy rain phenomenon. The atmospheric dynamical analysis used ERA-Interim Reanalysis data 0.125x0.125 degrees resolution. Divergence, relative vorticity, and streamline are the parameters investigated. Their dynamic fluctuations in significant pressure levels proved there were strong convergence and negative vorticity. Streamline analysis showed that there was a convergence wind pattern. While, the physical analysis used NOAA/NESDIS SST data to find sea surface temperature anomaly, RMM index data to find MJO phase and ONI index data to find ENSO phase. At the time, SST around Biak was in warmer condition, and there was a weak El Nino influenced by moderate MJO phase 5. Upper air sounding analysis is used to study the predictability of extreme weather. The indices indicated moderately convective activity and very unstable atmospheric layer before the event, while marginally convective activity and unstable boundary layer with possible inversion aloft during the event. All the conditions supported to produce convective cloud (Cumulonimbus) so that cloud had a long lifetime and produced thunderstorm and heavy rainfall. Biak meteorological station observation and MTSAT imagery used to verify the atmospheric conditions.

Reading of result heart rate using an acoustic stethoscope needs a particular skill, quiet environment, and hearing sensitivity. This project had the purpose design of a user-friendly automatic heart rate monitor and especially in a noisy area which to eliminate problems and incorrect reading of result. The liquid crystal display shows a heart rate as a result of measurements. The design of the heart rate monitor has two main parts; the signal recorder that a piezoelectric sensor, a filter, and an amplifier as recorder. The second parts was Arduino microcontroller with reinforced. Besides, three supporting buttons provided as the manual switches, the 'on', the 'start', and 'reset' buttons. The values acquired from the heart rate monitor indicate that those were on the Vernier BPS-BTA value range. The measurement error factor of the heart rate monitor then compared to the Vernier BPS-BTA test device was 3.15%. Besides, the value of statistical independent-test indicates that there is no significant difference (P = 0.971) between the heart rate monitor device and the Vernier BPS-BTA. In conclusion, this device was ready to be used because it has almost the same accuracy with the standart device.

The research was aimed to know the effect of initial boundary value to the heat propagation rate pattern using iterations over Gauss-Seidel relaxation method and to analyze the exact value of each node descritization profile of test material. This study was an analytical study to fine analytical an numerical solution. Result from this study is that the pattern of variation of the boundary or initial conditions of a material with regard conductivity value remains at steady state the exact value of the smallest are in the same iteration value. The indicates that the value of the thermal equilibrium tend to be at the same iteration. Result from study showed that the pattern of initial boundary values that causes steady state of heat propagation of test material that has smallest exact similar to the iteration value.

It has been observed magneto-impedance effects of electrodeposited [Ni80Fe20/Cu]3 multilayers on substrate Cu PCB. The ratio MI (Magneto-impedance) evaluate the dependence for both of PCB Cu substrates-geometry and the frequency modification. The characterization results showed the geometry dependence of the ratio of the MI tends to increase with the increase of angle. In addition, the MI ratio magnitude increases in increasing the frequency measurements. Finally, the highest MI ratio of 8.23% occurs for the sample C.

Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a solar cell that has great potential in the future because of the cheaper cost of fabrication and environmentally friendly basic ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of type of screen on the TiO₂ layer as the active electrode DSSC. The active electrode TiO₂ based DSSC fabricated by the method of double layer. Efficiency Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) can be obtained from the current-voltage curve I-V meter. Nanofiber on the nanoparticles can reach a highest efficiency of DSSC about 0,015%. The second variation of between nanofiber-nanoparticle layering, and nanoparticle-nanofiber, it appears that the nanofiber layer of nanoparticles above, no significant changes, namely in 10 minutes η = 0.014965; 15 minutes η = 0.011021 and 20 minutes η = 0.013332. This is demonstrated by the nature of the dominant nanofiber as a photon trap covered by the nature of the dominant nanoparticles absorb the dye, so that overtime does not affect the incoming electron. While the results of nanofiber layer on the nanoparticles changed significantly in the variation of 20 minutes, ie η = 0.00283. You can also see the most optimum time was 15 minutes, which is η = 0.01559. This may be due in this 15 minute nanofiber coating has a thickness that is optimum so that electrons can reach the electrode diffuse due to the interaction between photons and the dye more.

Nanofluid has a potential to become a promising coolant in many diverse industrial processes. However, that opportunity faces several challenges that need to be solved through a long road of nanofluid research programs. Three kinds of the challenges that will be studied in this paper are: 1) determination of nanofluid thermophysical properties, 2) heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid, and 3) the stability factor of nanofluid. This paper also assesses the issue that must be addressed when nanofluid is utilized in nuclear technology applications. The radiation safety aspect of nanofluid utilization in nuclear reactor technology must be taken into account. The comprehensive and multidisciplinary research and assessment are crucial to be carried out in order to ensure the practical applications of nanofluid as new and potential heat transfer fluid.

Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is a general fish consumption in many countries, especially Japan, China, Germany, and France. Besides its vitamin rich, eel oil is also known to contain fatty acids that are necessary for pharmaceutical purposes and as food a supplement. This research was aimed to evaluate the quality of eel oil by different solvent and extraction methods. In this study, fresh eels were extracted using maceration and reflux methods.Chloroform was used as the solvent in the maceration while water used in the reflux method. The oil quality was examined based on the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC).The result showed that the yield of eel oil using maceration method was 5.44% ± 0.64 with a specific gravity of 0.915 g/mL, while reflux method obtained the yield of 5.33 % ± 0.84 and specific gravity of 0.8575 g/mL. The physicochemical parameters of oil quality used in this study were acid, peroxide, saponification, and iodine value. The maceration method obtained the acid value of 17.389 mgKOH/g, the peroxide value of 7.021meqO₂/kg, the saponification value of 111.16mgKOH/g, and the iodine value of 65.14 WIJS. While the reflux method produced the acid value of 9.116 mgKOH/g, the peroxide value of 6.088 meqO₂/kg, the saponification value of 70 mgKOH/g, and the iodine value of 87.74 WIJS.

The solutions of the D-dimensional Schrodinger equation was solved by using Wavefunction Ansatz method. We used the form of potential as V(r) = ar^-6+br^-5+cr^-4+dr^-3+ er^-2+fr^-1. The D-dimensional Schrodinger equation was separated to radial part and angular part. The radial part of D-dimensional Schrodinger equation solved using Wavefunction Ansatz method. We obtained the energy equation and the radial wavefunctions.

Using an ansatz for eigenvalue, we obtain the solution of Schrodinger equation D-dimensional with the potential V(r) = ar⁴+ br³ + cr² + dr + er^-1 + fr^-2. We can determine the eigenfunction and the eigenvalue from that Schrodinger equation.

The iterative solution was used to obtain the electromagnetic wave propagation in transverse magnetic (TM) mode for a graded positive-negative refractive index. The graded graphs of negative permittivity and negative permeability were obtained in hyperbolic functions. By using hyperbolic function for permittivity and permeability in Maxwell equation and by separation variable, we obtained the electromagnetic differential equation. From the differential equation, we used the approachment using MacLaurin series to obtain the wave vector and magnetic fields equation. The distribution of the magnetic fields were given in graph visualization using Matlab software.

Klein-Gordon equation for Trigonometric Pöschl-Teller Potential in D-dimensions was obtained within framework of a centrifugal term approximation. Asymptotic iteration method was used to obtain the relativistic energy spectrum and wave functions. The value of relativistic energy was calculated numerically and the results have shown that in higher dimension the energy level is increased with positive energy states. The wave functions were expressed in hypergeometric term.

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. The magnitude of the efficiency of DSSC is mainly based on the amount of dye absorbed by the surface of TiO₂. In this work, used natural dye extracted from leaves Rhoeo spathacea. The dye partially used to immerse of TiO₂ as working electrodes, and the rest are directly mixed TiO₂ paste to obtain dye titanium dioxide.The paste TiO₂ and dye titanium dioxide coated onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass plate by spin coating method. The absorbance spectra of the dye, dye titanium dioxide and TiO₂ were obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The conductivity of the dye, dye titanium dioxide, and TiO₂ was measured by two point probe El-Kahfi 100. The DSSC based on dye titanium dioxide that stirring for 5 hours the highest efficiency of 0,0520 % whereas those based on TiO₂ immersed for 36 hours showed achieved 0,0501 % obtained from I-V characterization.

The spectrum energy's equation for Killingback potential on the model of DNA and protein interactions was obtained using WKB approximation method. The Killingbeck potential was substituted into the general equation of WKB approximation method to determine the energy. The general equation required the value of critical turning point to complete the form equation. In this research, the general form of Killingbeck potential was causing the equation of critical turning point turn into cube equation. In this case we take the value of critical turning point only with the real value. In mathematical condition, it was satisfied with requirement Discriminant was less than or equal to 0. If D=0, it would give two values of critical turning point and if D<0, it would give three values of critical turning point. In this research we present both of those requirements to complete the general Equation of Energy.

Fiber optic is a light waveguides media that are cylindrical. Optical fiber has certain properties when it transmits light so it can be developed to be a sensing device or sensor. Evanescent wave phenomena appear when there are total internal reflections from many modes in an optical fiber. In this research, the Biochemical Fiber Sensor (BFS) using polishing cladding and some of the core fiber will be fabricated. BFS is used to interact with a biochemical compound. The principle of BFS is based on evanescent absorption which absorbs the typical spectrum of a biochemical compound. By measuring the spectrum from the light output in the BFS, evanescent absorption spectra can be analyzed an optical fiber. In this study, the biochemical compounds that used are lindane that is one of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The result showed that there is a change from BFS spectra when it was exposed by POPs compound with various concentration. That change showed that there is evanescent absorption in BFS. Concentration of POPs compound is proportional with evanescent absorption of the POPs compound.

Fabrication of Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite had been successfully performed. A nanocomposite was prepared by the insertion of metal (copper) in the TiO₂ nanoparticles. Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite was deposited on the FTO glass used the spin coating method. Layers of Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite were prepared in variations at 1, 2 and 3 layers. Spektrofotometer UV-VIS Lamda 25 was used to determine the optical characteristics and the energy gap of DSSC materials. El kahfi 100/I-V Meter and Keithley 2602A was used to determine the electrical properties of Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite. UV-VIS result was showed that there increased absorption wavelength of Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite and were able to decrease the energy gap. El kahfi was showed that the conductivity of the Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite was 3.71x10^-2 (Ω^-1m^-1). Keithley was showed that the highest efficiency in the 3 layers of Cu/TiO₂ nanocomposite of 0.011%.

Entropy information in quantum mechanics is important to get the quantify of quantum entanglement and correlations. Modified anisotropic non-quadratic potential in Schrodinger equation which has been solved before, and now the solution of wave function in axial part will be used to get its Shannon information entropy. Numerical results are investigated to get the position S_z and the momentum S_p Shannon information entropy.

Romanovski Polynomial method was used to analyze of Dirac equation with Eckart plus Hulthen central potential combined with modified Hylleraas like tensor potential on spin symmetry case. By using parameter and variable substitution, the Dirac equation was reduced into one dimensional Schrodinger like equation with centrifugal approximation that can be solved using Romanovski polynomial. The relativistic energy spectra is obtained from the relativistic energy equation by using Matlab R2008b software. The relativistic energy with quantum number and spin orbit quantum number variations were obtained. By using matlab R2008b software, visualisasion of the relativistic energy spectra with quantum number variasion were obtained.

This research is aimed to analyze wave equation for the electric and magnetic field, vector and scalar potential, and continuity equation using Proca equation. Then, also analyze comparison of the solution on Maxwell and Proca equation for scalar potential and electric field, both as a function of distance and constant wave number.

From an engineering and economic perspective, immobilized TiO₂ nanocatalysts are preferred in a variety of applications. In this study, TiO₂ polymer solution was synthesized using ethanol, acetic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP). TiO₂ solution was deposited on the FTO substrate by electrospinning method to obtain nano-sized layer. Capillary of syringes given a positive DC voltage of 6 kV to produce nanofiber, then annealed at 450 °C for 3 hours. Chlorophyll has obtained from extracted moss through a chromatographic process to used for dye. TiO₂ nanofiber layer manufactured with varied by time and characterized by UV-Vis and IV-meter. The result exhibited a maximum efficiency of 0,0036% and significant absorption at 350 nm-500 nm wavelength.

Solenoid is a device that is often used in electronic devices. A solenoid is electrified will cause a magnetic field. In our analysis, we just focus on the electromagnetic energy for solenoid form. We purpose to analyze by the theoretical approach in special relativity. Our approach is begun on the Biot Savart law and Lorentz force. Special theory relativity can be derived from the Biot Savart law, and for the energy can be derived from Lorentz for, by first determining the momentum equation. We choose the solenoid form with the goal of the future can be used to improve the efficiency of the electrical motor.

The aims of the research to were know performance of DSSC using the dye of Zingiber, Cinnamomum, Curcuma, and Oryza as a photosensitizer with a variation of dye deposition area with spin coating techniques. The structure of the samples as a sandwich consisting of the working electrode (TiO₂), dye, electrodes of platinum (Pt) and the electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes. Test absorbance dye using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Lambda 25, using a two-point conductivity test probes El Kahfi 100 and characterization test IV using a Keithley 2602A. For Zingiber results showed that absorbance at 243 nm and 279 nm, photoconductivity of 0.29 Ω^-1m^-1 and the efficiency is 0.015% on 0.5 cm². Cinnamomum results showed that absorbance at 253 nm and 403 nm, photoconductivity of 0.11 Ω^-1m^-1 and the efficiency is 0.002% on 3 cm². Curcuma results showed that absorbance at 243 nm and 422 nm, photoconductivity of 0.177 Ω^-1m^-1 and the efficiency is 0.072% on 3 cm². Oryza results showed that absorbance at 240 nm and 423 nm, photoconductivity of 0.21 Ω^-1m^-1 and the efficiency is 0.04% on 2.25 cm². Best absorbance value was obtained from Oryza dye; the highest photoconductivity was obtained from Zingiber dye, and the highest efficiency was obtained from Curcuma dye.

The purpose of this research focuses on the effect of imbalanced internal resistance for the drop voltage of LiFePO₄ 18650 battery system connected in parallel. The battery pack has been assembled consist of two cell battery LiFePO₄ 18650 that has difference combination of internal resistance. Battery pack was tested with 1/C constant current charging, 3,65V per group sel, 3,65V constant voltage charging, 5 minutes of rest time between charge and discharge process, 1/2C Constant current discharge until 2,2V, 26 cycle of measurement test, and 4320 minutes rest time after the last charge cycle. We can conclude that the difference combination of internal resistance on the battery pack seriously influence the drop voltage of a battery. Theoretical and experimental result show that the imbalance of internal resistance during cycling are mainly responsible for the drop voltage of LiFePO₄ parallel batteries. It is thus a good way to avoid drop voltage fade of parallel battery system by suppressing variations of internal resistance.

The relativistic energies of 5 dimensional Dirac equation in the case of pseudo spin symmetry which governed by a sparable non central using the asymtotic iteration method (AIM).The separable five dimensional shape invariant potentials consisted of Hulthen radial potential and Manning-Rosen angular potentials. The relativistic energies were calculated numerically from the relativistic energy equation.

Atrial Fibrillation is one of heart disease, that common characterized by irregularity heart beat. Atrial fibrillation leads to severe complications such as cardiac failure with the subsequent risk of a stroke. A method to detect atrial fibrillation is needed to prevent a risk of atrial fibrillation. This research uses data from physionet in atrial fibrillation database category. The performance of Shannon entropy has the highest accuracy if a threshold is 0.5 with accuracy 89.79%, sensitivity 91.04% and specificity 89.01%. Based on the result we get a conclusion, the ability of Shannon entropy to detect atrial fibrillation is good.

Data hiding in an image content is mandatory for setting the ownership of the image. Two dimensions discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) are proposed as transform method in this paper. First, the host image in RGB color space is converted to selected color space. We also can select the layer where the watermark is embedded. Next, 2D-DWT transforms the selected layer obtaining 4 subband. We select only one subband. And then block-based 2D-DCT transforms the selected subband. Binary-based watermark is embedded on the AC coefficients of each block after zigzag movement and range based pixel selection. Delta parameter replacing pixels in each range represents embedded bit. +Delta represents bit "1" and –delta represents bit "0". Several parameters to be optimized by Genetics Algorithm (GA) are selected color space, layer, selected subband of DWT decomposition, block size, embedding range, and delta. The result of simulation performs that GA is able to determine the exact parameters obtaining optimum imperceptibility and robustness, in any watermarked image condition, either it is not attacked or attacked. DWT process in DCT based image watermarking optimized by GA has improved the performance of image watermarking. By five attacks: JPEG 50%, resize 50%, histogram equalization, salt-pepper and additive noise with variance 0.01, robustness in the proposed method has reached perfect watermark quality with BER=0. And the watermarked image quality by PSNR parameter is also increased about 5 dB than the watermarked image quality from previous method.

Three methods to solve initial value problems are considered. The methods are the first order Euler's, second order Heun's, and rational block methods. The Euler's and Heun's methods are of the Runge-Kutta type. Numerical results show that the rational block method is more robust than Runge-Kutta type methods in solving initial value problems.

We test the performance of the Jin–Xin relaxation and Lax–Friedrichs finite volume numerical methods in solving a traffic flow problem. In particular, we focus on traffic flow at a traffic light turning from red to green. Numerical solutions are compared with the analytical solution to the mathematical model. We find that the Jin–Xin relaxation solution is more accurate than the Lax–Friedrichs finite volume solution.

In this paper, we solve a one dimensional blood flow model in human artery. This model is of a non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equation system which can generate either continuous or discontinuous solution. We use the Lax–Friedrichs finite volume method to solve this model. Particularly, we investigate how a pulse propagates in human artery. For this simulation, we give a single sine wave with a small time period as an impluse input on the left boundary. The finite volume method is successful in simulating how the pulse propagates in the artery. It detects the positions of the pulse for the whole time period.

We consider the spatially-varying Burgers equation in one dimension. We take the Lax–Friedrichs finite volume method and Jin–Xin relaxation method in solving the equation. According to our research, the Jin–Xin relaxation method produces a more accurate solution, as they produce smaller error than the Lax–Friedrichs finite volume method. However, the Lax–Friedrichs finite volume method is faster in computation than the Jin–Xin method.

This paper applies the variational iteration method for solving systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The model under consideration in this work is the population dynamics model of two species. Our results show that the variational iteration method provides formulas to approximate the exact solution at every time value with a very cheap computation.

Adomian decomposition method has been a powerful method to solve differential equations. In this paper, we propose the method to solve the population dynamics model of two species for mutualism, parasitism, and competition. These three scenarios are considered for the completion of our research. Adomian decomposition method uses initial values of the unknowns and provides series of approximate solutions to the problem. We obtain that the Adomian decomposition method provides fast computation for the solution.

Trash management is one of the society participation to have a good hygiene for each area or nationally. Trash is known as the remainder of regular consumption that should be disposed to do waste processing which will be beneficial and improve the hygiene. The way to do is by sorting plastic which is processed into goods in accordance with the waste. In this study, we will know what are the factors that affect the desire of citizens to process the waste. The factors would have the identity and the state of being of each resident, having known of these factors will be the education about waste management, so it can be compared how the results of the extension by using preliminary data prior to the extension and the final data after extension. The analysis uses multiple logistic regression is the identify factors that influence people's to desire the waste while the comparison results using t analysis. Data is derived from statistical instrument in the form of a questionnaire.

A study about epidemic has been conducted since a long time ago, but genuine progress was hardly forthcoming until the end of the 19th century (Bailey, 1975). Both deterministic and stochastic models were used to describe these. Then, from 1927 to 1939 Kermack and McKendrick introduced a generality of this model, including some variables to consider such as rate of infection and recovery. The purpose of this project is to investigate the behaviour of the models when we set the basic reproduction number, R₀. This quantity is defined as the expected number of contacts made by a typical infective to susceptibles in the population. According to the epidemic threshold theory, when R₀ ≤ 1, minor epidemic occurs with probability one in both approaches, but when R₀ > 1, the deterministic and stochastic models have different interpretation. In the deterministic approach, major epidemic occurs with probability one when R₀ > 1 and predicts that the disease will settle down to an endemic equilibrium. Stochastic models, on the other hand, identify that the minor epidemic can possibly occur. If it does, then the epidemic will die out quickly. Moreover, if we let the population size be large and the major epidemic occurs, then it will take off and then reach the endemic level and move randomly around the deterministic's equilibrium.

An episode of Futurama features two-body mind-switching machine which will not work more than once on the same pair of bodies. The problem is "Can the switching be undone so as to restore all minds to their original bodies?" Ken Keeler found an algorithm that undoes any mind-scrambling permutation, and Lihua Huang found the refinement of it. We look on the process how the puzzle can be modeled in terms group theory and using symmetric group to solve it and find the most efficient way of it. After that we will try to build the algorithm to implement it into the computer program and see the effect of the transposition notion into the algorithm complexity. The number of steps that given by the algorithm will be different and one of algorithms will have the advantage in terms of efficiency. We compare Ken Keeler and Lihua Huang algorithms to see is there any difference if we run it in the computer program, although the complexity could be remain the same.

In this paper, we proposed iris segmentation and normalization algorithm based on the zigzag collarette. First of all, iris images are processed by using Canny Edge Detection to detect pupil edge, then finding the center and the radius of the pupil with the Hough Transform Circle. Next, isolate important part in iris based zigzag collarette area. Finally, Daugman Rubber Sheet Model applied to get the fixed dimensions or normalization iris by transforming cartesian into polar format and thresholding technique to remove eyelid and eyelash. This experiment will be conducted with a grayscale eye image data taken from a database of iris-Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation (CASIA). Data iris taken is the data reliable and widely used to study the iris biometrics. The result show that specific threshold level is 0.3 have better accuracy than other, so the present algorithm can be used to segmentation and normalization zigzag collarette with accuracy is 98.88%

This study aims to identify patterns relationships of student's creativity with its indicators in Learning Optical Instrument. The study was conducted at SMPN 2 Sawo. SMPN 1 Jetis, SMPIT Darut Taqwa, SMPN 1 Dander, Bojonegoro and SMPN 3 Plus Al-Fatima. Data analysis used descriptive analysis using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Creativity test instruments used have been tested parameters. Creativity indicators used are personal (self-confidence, perseverance), press (spirit, unyielding), process (preparation, incubation illumination, verification) and the product (knowledge, skills). Research Result shows that perseverance and incubation are the highest capabilities and verification capabilities of the lowest. All indicators on student creativity can still be improved. The relationship between creativity with the indicators grouped into a strong, moderate, weak and no relation. Indicators that have a strong relationship (r ≥ 0.50), namely are personal (self-confidence, perseverance), process (illumination). Indicators that have a connection was (0.3 ≤ r ≤ 0.49) are press (spirit), process (verification). Indicators which have a very low correlation (r ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.29) are press (unyielding), process (preparation), process (incubation), product (skills) as shown in Figure 1. Indicators that do not have a relationship between the creativity of the students with the indicator that is, product (knowledge).

The aims of the research were to explore and to describe the consistency of students' understanding of heat and temperature concept. The sample that was taken using purposive random sampling technique consisted of 99 high school students from 3 senior high schools in Jayapura city. The descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The data were collected using tests and interviews regarding the subject matters of Heat and Temperature. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that 3.03% of the students was the consistency of right answer, 79.80% of the students was consistency but wrong answer and 17.17% of the students was inconsistency.

Heat and temperature is a concept that has been learnt from primary school to undergraduate levels. One problem about heat and temperature is that they are presented abstractly, theoretical concept. A student conceptual frameworks develop from their daily experiences. The purpose of this research was to develop a two-tier test of heat and temperature concept and measure conceptual understanding of heat and temperature of the student. This study consist of two method is qualitative and quantitative method. The two-tier test was developed using procedures defined by Borg and Gall. The two-tier test consisted of 20 question and was tested for 137 students for collecting data. The result of the study showed that the two-tier test was effective in determining the students' conceptual understanding and also it might be used as an alternative for assessment and evaluation of students' achievement

Uniform circular motion is an important concept and has many applications in life. Student's concept understanding of uniform circular motion is not optimal because the teaching learning is not carried out properly in accordance with the characteristics of the concept. To improve student learning outcomes required better teaching learning which is match with the characteristics of uniform circular motion. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of real media and circle share model to the understanding of the uniform circular motion concept. The real media was used to visualize of uniform circular motion concept. The real media consists of toy car, round table and spring balance. Circle share model is a learning model through discussion sequentially and programmed. Each group must evaluate the worksheets of another group in a circular position. The first group evaluates worksheets the second group, the second group evaluates worksheets third group, and the end group evaluates the worksheets of the first group. Assessment of learning outcomes includes experiment worksheets and post-test of students. Based on data analysis we obtained some findings. First, students can explain the understanding of uniform circular motion whose angular velocity and speed is constant correctly. Second, students can distinguish the angular velocity and linear velocity correctly. Third, students can explain the direction of the linear velocity vector and the direction of the centripetal force vector. Fourth, the student can explain the influence of the mass, radius, and velocity toward the centripetal force. Fifth, students can explain the principle of combined of wheels. Sixth, teaching learning used circle share, can increase student activity, experimental results and efficiency of discussion time.

Researchers of students' conceptual change usually collects data from written tests and interviews. Moreover, reports of conceptual change often simply refer to changes in concepts, such as on a test, without any identification of the learning processes that have taken place. Research has shown that students have difficulties with vectors in university introductory physics courses and high school physics courses. In this study, we intended to explore students' understanding of one-dimensional and two-dimensional vector in multi perspective views. In this research, we explore students' understanding through test perspective and interviews perspective. Our research study adopted the mixed-methodology design. The participants of this research were sixty students of third semester of physics education department. The data of this research were collected by testand interviews. In this study, we divided the students' understanding of one-dimensional vector and two-dimensional vector in two categories, namely vector skills of the addition of one-dimensionaland two-dimensional vector and the relation between vector skills and conceptual understanding. From the investigation, only 44% of students provided correct answer for vector skills of the addition of one-dimensional and two-dimensional vector and only 27% students provided correct answer for the relation between vector skills and conceptual understanding.

Problem solving for physics concepts through consistency arguments can improve thinking skills of students and it is an important thing in science. The study aims to assess the consistency of the material Fluid student argmentation. The population of this study are College students PGRI Madiun, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and Lampung University. Samples using cluster random sampling, 145 samples obtained by the number of students. The study used a descriptive survey method. Data obtained through multiple-choice test and interview reasoned. Problem fluid modified from [9] and [1]. The results of the study gained an average consistency argmentation for the right consistency, consistency is wrong, and inconsistent respectively 4.85%; 29.93%; and 65.23%. Data from the study have an impact on the lack of understanding of the fluid material which is ideally in full consistency argued affect the expansion of understanding of the concept. The results of the study as a reference in making improvements in future studies is to obtain a positive change in the consistency of argumentations.

This study aimed to produce a model of scientific attitude assessment in terms of the observations for physics learning based scientific approach (case study of dynamic fluid topic in high school). Development of instruments in this study adaptation of the Plomp model, the procedure includes the initial investigation, design, construction, testing, evaluation and revision. The test is done in Surakarta, so that the data obtained are analyzed using Aiken formula to determine the validity of the content of the instrument, Cronbach's alpha to determine the reliability of the instrument, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL 8.50 program. The results of this research were conceptual models, instruments and guidelines on scientific attitudes assessment by observation. The construct assessment instruments include components of curiosity, objectivity, suspended judgment, open-mindedness, honesty and perseverance. The construct validity of instruments has been qualified (rated load factor > 0.3). The reliability of the model is quite good with the Alpha value 0.899 (> 0.7). The test showed that the model fits the theoretical models are supported by empirical data, namely p-value 0.315 (≥ 0.05), RMSEA 0.027 (≤ 0.08)

Newton's laws can represent in the language of verbal, mathematical, physical, and visual. Students who understood concept would express the concepts in various representations consistently. In this research, a mathematical presentation used to reveal the student's concept understanding about Newton first law. The results showed that 21.87% of the students changed the mathematical presentation of Newton's first law $\left( {\sum {\vec F = 0} } \right)$ into verbal representation incorrectly. Changing the mathematical form of Newton's first law into the form of $\left( {0 = \sum {\vec F} } \right)$ caused the percentage of students who did not respond increased, further concluded that "zero intuition" in the equation of Newton first law caused misconceptions.

The information in the presentation of the test is a factor that affects student's response; it can be the correct or incorrect answer. Assume that students already know the information for an example speed. If the questions related to kinematics, then the chances of students answered correctly are greater than if it related to the dynamics. This potential is used principally to Simplify Student Understanding Concept Test of Newton's Law. FCI (Force Concept Inventory) numbers 13 and 14 used as a comparison of Word- Pictorial WPP model. WPP model applied to the students who take the course of mechanics (22 students). Obtained a positive correlation between WPP and FCI numbers 13 and 14, with value of r₁₃ = 0, 72, r₁₄ = 0, 88. It can conclude that the WPP model could be used as an alternative assessment to assess student understanding concept of Newton's Law

The purpose of this study was to determine the change of student's representation after the intervention of learning by guided inquiry. The population in this research were all students who took a fundamental physics course, consisted of 28 students academic year 2016, Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Purworejo. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with group pre-test and post-test. The result of the research showed that the average of students representation of magnetic field before implementation of guided inquiry was 28,6 % and after implementation was 71,4%. It means that the student's ability of multi-representation increase. Moreover, the number of students who is able to write and draw based on experiment data increased from 10,7% to 21,4 %. It was also showed that the number of student with no answer decreased from 28,5% to 10,7%.

In this preliminary study, the acceleration based sensor was developed to monitor the activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feeding behavior at the water surface. This study was conducted for three weeks in a fish pond with 40 m² in size, stocked with 850 fingerlings of Nile tilapia strain Nirwana-2 (average biomass of 13 g, fed four times a day at 8 am, 12 pm, 4 pm, and 8 pm). The acceleration sensor system was installed floating in the pond and was designed in a way so that the xz plane of the sensor will be parallel with water surface, while the y-axis will be pointing downward. By sensing the acceleration caused by the surface wave, the activities of fish near surface water could be monitored. The result showed that there were three distinctive patterns could be observed which was related to the feeding activity of fish. Generally, it can be concluded that this acceleration based sensor system can be integrated with automatic feeder machine, in particular by analyzing the recorded patter, it is possible to monitor when the fish stop eating, and so the right amount of feed could be given to the fish.

Nanotechnology is the ability to create and manipulate atoms and molecules on the smallest of scales. Their size allows them to exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, biological properties, phenomena, and processes because of their size. The purpose of this research is obtaining micro-nano bacterial cellulose as reinforcing bioplastics. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was made from coconut water for two weeks. BC was dried and grinded. Bacterial cellulose was given purification process with NaOH 5% for 6 hours. Making the micro-nano bacterial cellulose with hydrolysis method. Hydrolysis process with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at the conditions 3,5M, 55°C, 6 hours. Drying process used spray dryer. The hydrolysis process was obtained bacterial cellulose with ±7 μm. The addition 2% micro-nano bacterial cellulose as reinforcing in bioplastics composite can improve the physical characteristics.

Pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) is a plant with unique shape either of shades of colors, pouch shape and its capability in catching insects. Pitcher plant (Nepenthes sp.) is one of the plants that protected under Law Number. 5 of 1990 about Conservation of Biological Resources and Ecosystem and Government Regulation Number 7/1999 about Preservation of Plants and Animals. Sebangau National Park is one of representative of peat swamp ecosystem and one of some types of pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) habitat. This study aimed to determine the types and diversity levels of pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) and the trapped insects inside in Sebangau National and to determine the differences of diversity levels of pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) and the trapped insects inside in the opened and closed forest in Sebangau National Park. The research type was conducted descriptive qualitative research. The method used survey method with purpossive sampling technique.The result of the study the number of pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) obtained in opened forest were three types consist of Nepenthes mirabilis, Nepenthes rafflesiana and Nepenthes gracilis with two types insects trapped inside those were Diptera ordo and Hymenoptera ordo. While the number of pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) obtained in closed forest as many as two types consist of Nepenthes ampullaria and Nepenthes rafflesiana with two type insects trapped inside those were Diptera ordo and Hymenoptera ordo. The results of the analysis calculation pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) species diversity index in opened and closed forest showed lower category. The diversity in row were 1 and 0,45 with H' criteria ≤ 1 low diversity. The results of the study of insects trapped inside of pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) obtained in opened and closed forest showed low category. The diversity in a row were 0,63 and 0,52 with the criteria of H' ≤ 1 low diversity.

In this study, nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) were synthesized from banana peel extract (BPE) and ferrous sulfate. During the synthesis of nZVI both the precursor and the reducing agent were mixed in a clean sterilized flask in 1:1 proportion. For the reduction of Fe ions, 5 ml of filtered BPE was mixed to 5 ml of freshly prepared 0.001 M – 0.005 M aqueous of FeSO₄ solution with constant stirring at room temperature. Within a particular time change in colour from brown to black color obtained by nanoparticles synthesis. A systematic characterization of nZVI was performed using UV-Vis. UV–visible absorption is used to investigate SPR. Characteristic surface plasmon absorption band was observed at 210 nm for the black colored nZVI synthesized from 0.001–0.005 M ferrous sulfate with BPE concentration 5 ml. It has been found that the optimum concentration for the synthesis of nZVI is 0.001M Fe²⁺ ions. There is small decrease in the intensity of SPR band from 0.001 to 0.005 M. The characterization size of nZVI was performed using TEM. The result shows that formation of particles size of nZVI was more 100 nm.

The study aimed to the preparation of TiO₂ photocatalyst with the matrix from palm wood waste whose has lignin and cellulose content. TiO₂ photocatalyst with the matrix from the wastewater of palm wood waste (TiO₂/pww) was used as photocatalyst in photodegradation of batik wastewater. TiO₂ solid was dissolved in ethanol and aquadest, added with the powder of wood palm waste and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 16 hours. Then separation was carried out using buchner and filtrate and residue were obtained. The filtrate was disposed and the residue was calcined with various temperatures for 3 hours. The temperatures in this research were 100 °C (TiO₂/pww-100); 200°C (TiO₂/pww-200); 300°C (TiO₂/pww-300). Analysis and characterization of TiO₂/wwp were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectrophotometer Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) methods. Photocalalytic TiO₂/wwp use the batch system in a reactor with UV light 40 watts, 220 volts and length wave 360 nm the plate magnetic stirrer. Liquid waste batik adds TiO₂/wwp with time variation. At XRD analysis showed that the preparation of TiO₂/pww could be done on the heating TiO₂/pww temperature of 100°C and 200°C. At the temperature of 300°C, it was indicated that the lignocelluloses in palm wood waste were burned, meaning that few lignocelluloses remained. The result of FTIR analysis showed clearly that at the temperature of 300°C, a few spectrum of lignocelluloses remained in palm wood waste, while at a temperature of 100°C and 200°C, spectra of lignocelluloses of palm wood waste remained. The result of photocatalysis test indicated that TiO₂/pww could reduce 40%, 72%, 81% and 64% COD for TiO₂ (control), TiO₂/pww-100, TiO₂/pww-200 and TiO₂/pww-300, respectively.

Synthesis of propanol from propanoic acid had been done. Propanol was synthesized via two steps. They are; esterification of propanoic acid and methanol in the presence of the sulfuric acid catalyst with the mole ratio of 4:3 to produce methyl propanoate, and reduction of methyl propanoate with sodium using ethylene glycol as the solvent to yield propanol. Structural characterizations of methyl propanoate and propanol were done using IR, ¹H-NMR, and GC spectrometers. The results show that esterification of propanoic acid with methanol produced methyl propanoate in 75% yield. Reduction of methyl propanoate using ethylene glycol as a solvent produced propanol in yield of 77%.

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is conventionally used to predict molecular geometry. However, it is difficult to explore the full implications of this theory by simply drawing chemical structures. Here, we introduce origami modelling as a more accessible approach for exploration of the VSEPR theory. Our technique is simple, readily accessible and inexpensive compared with other sophisticated methods such as computer simulation or commercial three-dimensional modelling kits. This method can be implemented in chemistry education at both the high school and university levels. We discuss the example of a simple molecular structure prediction for ammonia (NH₃). Using the origami model, both molecular shape and the scientific justification can be visualized easily. This 'hands-on' approach to building molecules will help promote understanding of VSEPR theory.

One of the strategy employed in building design is reducing energy consumption while maintaining the best comfort zone in building indoor climate. The first step to improve office buildings energy performance by evaluating its existing energy usage using energy consumption intensity (Intensitas Konsumsi Energi, IKE) index. Energy evaluation of office building for hospital dr. Sayidiman at Kabupaten Magetan has been carried out in the initial investigation. The office building is operated with active cooling (air conditioning, AC) and use limited daylighting which consumes 14.61 kWh/m2/month. This IKE value is attributed into a slightly inefficient category. Further investigation was carried out by modeling and simulating thermal energy load and room lighting in every building zone using of Ecotect from Autodesk. Three scenarios of building energy and lighting retrofit have been performed simulating representing energy efficiency using cross ventilation, room openings, and passive cooling. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the third scenario by employing additional windows, reflector media and skylight exhibit the best result and in accordance with SNI 03-6575-2001 lighting standard. Total thermal load of the existing building which includes fabric gains, indirect solar gains, direct solar gains, ventilation fans, internal gains, inter-zonal gains and cooling load were 162,145.40 kWh. Based on the three scenarios, the thermal load value (kWh) obtained was lowest achieved scenario 2 with the thermal value of 117,539.08 kWh.The final results are interpreted from the total energy emissions evaluated using the Ecotect software, the heating and cooling demand value and specific design of the windows are important factors to determine the energy efficiency of the buildings.

Cau irrigation area located in Madiun district, East Java Province, irrigates 1.232 Ha of land which covers Cau primary channel irrigation network, Wungu Secondary channel irrigation network, and Grape secondary channel irrigation network. The problems in Cau irrigation area are limited availability of water especially during the dry season (planting season II and III) and non-compliance to cropping patterns. The evaluation of irrigation system performance of Cau irrigation area needs to be done in order to know how far the irrigation system performance is, especially based on planting productivity aspect. The improvement of irrigation network performance through cropping pattern optimization is based on the increase of water necessity fulfillment (k factor), the realization of planting area and rice productivity. The research method of irrigation system performance is by analyzing the secondary data based on the Regulation of Ministry of Public Work and State Minister for Public Housing Number: 12/PRT/M/2015. The analysis of water necessity fulfillment (k factor) uses Public Work Plan Criteria Method. The performance level of planting productivity aspect in existing condition is 87.10%, alternative 1 is 93.90% dan alternative 2 is 96.90%. It means that the performance of the irrigation network from productivity aspect increases 6.80% for alternative 1 and 9.80% for alternative 2.

Wonogiri is a region of south eastern part of Central Java province which borders with East Java and Yogyakarta Province. In Physiographic its mostly undulating hills so that the frequent occurrence of landslides, especially during the rainy season. Landslide disaster that just happened that on the road segment Purwantoro-Nawangan / Bts Jatim Km 89 + 400 were included in the authority of the Highways Department of Central Java Province. During this time, Error analysis of slope stability is not caused by a lot of presumption shape of slip surface, but by an error in determining the location of the critical slip surface. This study aims to find the shape and location slip surface landslide on segment Purwantoro - Nawangan Km 89 + 400 with the interpretation of soil test results. This research method is with the interpretation of CPT test and Bore Hole as well as modeling use limit equilibrium method and finite element method. Processing contours of the slopes in the landslide area resulted in three cross section that slopes A-A, B-B and C-C which will be modeling the slopes. Modeling slopes with dry and wet conditions at the third cross section slope. It was found that the form of the slope slip surface are known to be composite depth 1.5-2 m with safety factor values more than 1.2 (stable) when conditions are dry slopes. But its became failure with factor of safety < 0.44 when conditions are wet slopes.

This study attempts to get the support system to help stakeholders and the decision makers in the determination of priorities the maintenance and rehabilitation of the Bridge.The location of the study is done in Kabupaten Pinrang. Bridge damage value is specified using assessment standard Bridge Management System (BMS). There are 13 Bridges by details as follows: good condition with the condition 1 in 6 Bridge, damaged with the condition two as many as five fruit Bridges and there are two Bridges by value condition of three which means need handling rehabilitation. From our observation examination Bridges and it has been obtained the results of then afterward determined the priority scale by using the method Analytic Hierarchy Process. The discussion or interview of 27 respondents in completion question to determines the priorities of handling bridges by three (3) criteria and three sub- criteria with weights each: a condition of damage with weights 0,491 or amounting to 49,1 % followed by criteria policy with weights 0,324 % then criteria volume traffic weight of 0,185 or 18.5 %. Based on the results of this can be concluded that the implementation of a method of Analytic Hierarchy Processing is effective in determining the scale of priorities for the stakeholders. Having acquired value bridge condition and weights of the assessment results of the, then is needed to Analysis of spatial use application ArcGIS to obtain information condition Bridge Map.

Learning models and academic ability may affect students' achievement in science. This study, thus aimed to investigate the effect of numbered heads together (NHT) cooperative learning model on elementary students' cognitive achievement in natural science. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group with 2 x 2 factorial. There were two learning models compared NHT and the conventional, and two academic ability high and low. The results of ana Cova test confirmed the difference in the students' cognitive achievement based on learning models and general academic ability. However, the interaction between learning models and academic ability did not affect the students' cognitive achievement. In conclusion, teachers are strongly recommended to be more creative in designing learning using other types of cooperative learning models. Also, schools are required to create a better learning environment which is more cooperative to avoid unfair competition among students in the classroom and as a result improve the students' academic ability. Further research needs to be conducted to explore the contribution of other aspects in cooperative learning toward cognitive achievement of students with different academic ability.

Simulation distribution of pollutants (SOx and NOx) emitted from Cirebon power plant activities have been carried out. Gaussian models and scenarios are used to predict the concentration of pollutant gasses. The purposes of this study were to determine the distribution of the flue gas from the power plant activity and differences pollutant gas concentrations in the wet and dry seasons. The result showed that the concentration of pollutant gasses in the dry season was higher than the wet season. The difference of pollutant concentration because of wind speed, gas flow rate, and temperature of the gas that flows out of the chimney. The maximum concentration of pollutant gasses in wet season for SOx is 30.14 µg/m³, while NOx is 26.35 µg/m³. Then, The simulation of air pollution in the dry season for SOx is 42.38 µg/m³, while NOx is 34.78 µg/m³.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a disorder of the heart with fairly high mortality in adults. AF is a common heart arrythmia which is characterized by a missing or irregular contraction of atria. Therefore, finding a method to detect atrial fibrillation is necessary. In this article a system to detect atrial fibrillation has been proposed. Detection system utilized backpropagation artifical neural network. Data input in this method includes power spectrum density of R-peaks interval of electrocardiogram which is selected by wrapping method. This research uses parameter learning rate, momentum, epoch and hidden layer. System produces good performance with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 83.55%, 86.72 % and 81.47 %, respectively.

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) based on the natural rubber with different types of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as additives were synthesized. MRE with pristine MWCNTs was prepared as a control and the carboxylated (MWCNT-COOH), as well as hydroxylated (MWCNT-OH) were introduced as new additives in MRE. Their rheological properties under different magnetic field were evaluated by using the rheometer (MCR 302, AntonPaar, Austria) equipped with the electromagnetic device. The dependency of MREs towards excitation frequencies under different magnetic field was investigated. It is shown that the storage modulus and loss factor of MRE with functionalized MWCNTs exhibited noticeable increment in MR performance compared to control parallel with the frequencies increment.

Polymer membrane and composite polymer for membrane electrode assembly (MEAs) are synthesized and studied for usage in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). In this study, we prepared 3 type of MEAs, polystyrene (PS), sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) and composite polymer SPS-alginat membrane via catalyst hot pressed method. The performance and properties of prepared MEAs were evaluated and analyzed by impedance spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that, water up take of MEA composite polymer SPS-alginate was obtained higher than that in SPS and PS. The proton conductivity of MEA-SPS-alginate was also higher than that PS and PSS. SEM characterization revealed that the intimate contact between the carbon catalyst layers (CL) and the membranes, and the uniformly porous structure correlate positively with the MEAs prepared by hot pressed method, exhibiting high performances for DMFC.

This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 14 August 2020.

IOP Publishing was notified of concerns regarding the quality of this paper on 30th June 2020. The IOP Publishing Research Integrity Panel immediately launched an investigation, and it was discovered that this paper was accepted for publication by the conference organisers despite serious objections by the reviewer. IOP Publishing agree with the reviewer's comments that this work is unscientific and unsuitable for publication.

This is in violation of the IOP Publishing Proceedings Peer Review Policy and the contract signed by the conference organisers. IOP Publishing therefore retracts this paper based on breach of contract and compromised peer review process.

Retraction published: 14 August 2020