Table of contents

The conference proceedings for Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service 2019 (DTMIS-2019) brought together papers by energy engineering and sustainability experts from academia and industry to uncover the challenges and solutions to ensuring digital transformation on manufacturing, infrastructure and service. The objective of the conference was to discuss recent contributions to the understanding of the digital transformation on manufacturing, infrastructure and service and its consequences for modern societies. This conference disseminated the most recent advances in this field and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions. Keeping the spirit of previous years, the conference featured theoretical, econometric, experimental and policy oriented contributions.

List of Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

• Type of peer review: Single-blind

• Conference submission management system: EasyChair

• Number of submissions received: 202

• Number of submissions sent for review: 202

• Number of submissions accepted: 157

• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 77%

• Average number of reviews per paper: 2

• Total number of reviewers involved: 36

• Any additional info on review process: The submissions were assessed for their overall quality, scope and compliance with the conference topics and requirements; along with a detailed review, the reviewers gave an overall evaluation (strong accept, accept, weak accept, borderline paper, weak reject, reject, strong reject, indicating their confidence regarding their qualifications to review the submissions.

• Contact person for queries: Olga Kalinina, email: dtmis@spbstu.ru

Currently, the task of creating a digital economy is one of the priorities for various industries, including the investment and construction sector, ensuring the creation of fixed assets within individual regions and the country as a whole. The article substantiates the relevance of the digital transformation of the investment and construction sector, studied the experience of implementing digital tools in the construction sector and explores the main stages of the implementation of the digital transformation strategy at the state level. The conceptual foundations and the regulatory framework of state regulation of the digital transformation in the investment and construction sector in Russia are investigated. The concept of the digital economy implies a comprehensive transformation of all areas of the economy based on the introduction of the latest technological solutions from various fields of knowledge, which justifies the application of an interdisciplinary approach to develop recommendations for improving state regulation of digital transformations in construction. As a result, problems in the field of digital transformation of construction in Russia were identified and key directions were proposed for the effective improvement of state regulation of the investment and construction sector in Russia within the context of the digital economy.

Modern trends in the development of industry require an increase in the degree of automation of part processing in mechanical engineering. At the same time, the complexity of the workpieces is constantly increasing. One of the important directions of improving the production system within the framework of the concept of industry 4.0 is the organization of inter-machine interaction. A feedback system has been developed for a CNC machine - coordinate measuring machine. This system allowed to reduce downtime of the DMG MORI CTX Beta 800 TC machine for periodic adjustments and to increase dimensional stability of processing. The measurements were carried out on a Mitutoyo KO-GA-ME CMM, after which the correction value was calculated and transmitted to the machine. An algorithm has been compiled allowing to create such a system for processing parts of any complexity.

We consider results of development digital transformation technologies for risk management in natural-industrial systems within environmental economy while climate change. In research, we used: Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of data bases constructing in case of digital risk management platforms. Analysis shows that the ways of risk management for natural-industrial systems while climate change within environmental economy have distinct features of digital transformation, due to new concepts of obtaining and presenting data. Preference is given to the use of digital risk management platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. As base model for risk management, we proposed to use block diagram of geo-information support decision within in environmental economy while climate change. The proposed basic model allows direct assessment of the environmental monitoring cost impact on the overall business profit. We consider examples of different digital risk management platforms for natural-industrial systems that authors constructed. While research, we used platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/ for preliminary data exchange and discussion.

Currently new competitive environment and fundamental changes in the traditional industries are taking place. The digital transformation of companies can be an effective tool to gain a competitive advantage, but its success requires consistent actions, from the strategic vision to implementation. New architectural solutions are needed to ensure a strategic alignment of business and IT architecture for further successful development.

The purpose of this research paper is to develop a conceptual approach and method of Enterprise Architecture modeling for global container shipping lines, allowing the companies an effective development in the context of global changes in business forms and methods, reducing negative impacts and taking advantage arising from these changes.

The ability of systems, structures and components that provide ultimate heat sink, to perform their functions and to ensure the safety of the nuclear power plant with VVER-1200 reactor in the events of external influences that entail the loss of ultimate heat sink is subject of the study. Necessity of consideration of mentioned events was demonstrated by last events occurred on NPPs worldwide in particular in Fukushima-Daiichi accident. Probabilistic model was developed implementing modern methods for assessment of probabilistic safety values using digital software RiskSpectrumPSA. Calculated probabilistic safety values confirm chosen design solutions and possibility of probabilistic safety assessment application for similar tasks.

It is known that the maintenance of vehicles is one of the main tasks of the transport company. The article analyzes the activities of the company engaged in railway transportation. The company is one of the largest oil carriers in the former Soviet Union. The main attention was paid to the analysis of the process of control of the technical condition of components that was carried out in EPC notation. Due to the lack of automated diagnostics of parts, the company spends time stopping vehicles to check the technical condition, which leads to financial losses. After analysing the market opportunities, it was decided to use an automated system that includes the Internet of Things technologies. Based on the capabilities of the system, the process of monitoring the technical condition of components "as it should be" was built. The new algorithm helps to avoid unwanted downtime, as well as reduces the repair time of components due to automatically generated reports on the technical condition.

Safety of nuclear power plant elements relies on a range of national and international norms in the field of atomic energy use. Some of these norms is based not only on operation experience of nuclear units but also on statistics of failures among elements of nuclear facilities. Several well-known disasters occurred at nuclear power plants in USSR and Japan shows that its consequences may affect other countries. Therefore, failures analysis is performed not only nationally but also internationally – by International Atomic Energy Agency. However, different kind of failures: affecting and non-affecting safety of the nuclear unit still occur in Russia. This study is focused on statistical analysis of failures among nuclear power plant components with regards to its impact on unit safety assessed on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The analysis of industrial safety solutions that transformed the nuclear power industry was carried out for the period from 1992 to 2018. Though general decreasing trend can be noted within the that period, failures with safety impact occurred in 2 out of 3 years and non-impacting failures stabilized at around 61 events per year.

The blockchain technology has many applications in modern medicine. This can be data management, accounts and finance, as well as others. It is important for each category of tasks to choose their own solution and bring the maximum effect for the participants of the system, which will interact on new terms. The key beneficiaries of the participants will be health care users, health care providers, and insurance companies. The paper considers projects with a choice of different types of blockchain with the corresponding advantages and disadvantages. It also lists specific problems and risks inherent in blockchain projects in healthcare, as well as some recommendations for their reduction or elimination. The normative legal acts adopted in Russia, which regulate the legal field in the industry, has analyzed, recommendations for improvement has presented. At the moment, there are only a few laws and regulations governing this area, which is insufficient for their full application in practice. Our paper is aimed at choosing the suitable algorithm of consensus and also the architecture of all system working with blockchain technology.

The paper considers the sustainability of the digital and industrial technologies interaction. Based on the analysis of existing studies on the introduction of innovative digital technologies and cyber-physical systems, it was realized that in the conditions of intelligent technologies joint implementation unstable states of the system are inevitable, and continuously monitoring of the system sustainability is essential. The expediency of applying the laws of the theory of open systems proposed by L. von Bertalanffy, A. Hall, and others to substantiate the managing sustainability appropriateness of the enterprise cyber-physical system is given. The quantitative estimates based on the information approach of A.A. Denisov are proposed, which allow to assess the degree of system's integrity. System's integrity degree ensures sustainability of a system, on the other hand, freedom of system's elements ensures the system development. The proposed estimates can be used for accessing the influence of digital technologies on the implementation enterprise strategy, ensuring the effectiveness of its development and increasing competitiveness based on the digitalization of production and management while maintaining stable functioning.

Information storage technologies play a vital role in the processes of enterprises digitalization. To ensure the necessary reliability of data storage, special technologies are being developed. The paper examines the market for such solutions and introduces tools to improve the reliability of data storage systems (DSS) as a part of the digital transformation strategy of the enterprise. The problem of developing and application of data storage systems and tools for managing such systems to predict failures and provide fault tolerance specifications are discussed. The results of the current data storage market state analysis are shown. Based on market analysis, the need for developing a software package for predicting data storage system failures is substantiated, and the project the purpose of which is to develop a hardware and software complex to predict failures in the storage system is presented. The functionality of the complex has been formed and the project of complex creation is underway.

Digital transformation is a driver of a modern approach to providing actual cyber security. In the context of the globalization of the economy, digital technologies are actively being introduced into production, factories and plants. Due to the increased mobility of topology and the growing amount of data undergoing the processing, traditional methods of protection becomes ineffective, so the researchers are faced with the task of creating new methods for ensuring cyber security that meet new challenges. The paper analyses new artificial neural network (ANN) architectures corresponding security tasks in cyber physical systems, identifies their major advantages, and evaluates the possibility of their application for solving the problem of attacks prevention in case of machine-to-machine smart manufacturing. A meta-neural system of comprehensive protection against cyber attacks on dynamic routing in intelligent production has been developed. Using the resources of a supercomputer, an experimental study of the developed neuroframework was carried out. Test results showed that the proposed solution provides high accuracy in detecting cyber attacks.

During the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the enterprises which have begun, in due time, to introduce modern approaches to the manufacture organization, including digital technologies, obtain an essential advantage over the competitors. One of the stages of planning the changes is assessing the enterprise informatization level. Evaluating the enterprise informatization level is required for appropriate and effective choosing digital transformation technologies and approaches during the enterprise digitalization. The given assessment represents a multi-criterion problem, demanding the development of the mathematical apparatus and the principles of its use as well. The developed procedure of evaluating the level of the industrial enterprise informatization in digital economy conditions includes the procedure of organizing the assessment of the industrial enterprise informatization level and also the mathematical model of conducting an expert estimation of criteria (indicators) of the organization digitalization. The procedure of assessing the informatization level is performed by the multiplier convolution of criteria. The weights of criteria are defined by the modified T.L. Saaty's analytic hierarchy process. Also evaluating the weights of each expert's individual estimation and defining the error of their assessment is conducted. The approach to the proved formation of the enterprise informatization levels is developed. The given technique allows to evaluate the informatization level in some areas and to allocate those which demand the development, to forecast occurring risky situations while introducing information technologies at the industrial enterprise.

We describe the development results of digital transformation technologies for university practical learning within environmental economy. While research, we used: Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of data bases constructing in case of digital educational platforms, web-technologies and virtual reality tools. Analysis shows that the ways of university practical learning have distinct features of digital transformation, due to new concepts of obtaining and presenting educational materials. Preference is given to the use of digital educational platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. Now, Moodle and Sakai are most popular digital educational platforms but we propose to use most recent Google Classroom. We consider the issues of digital content creation within university practical learning. We present the enlarged groups of practical works in this area. We propose to divide practical training into two stages. The first, preparatory stage, in which students learn with virtual reality tools. The second, applied stage of practical training takes place in the field. While research, we used platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/ for data exchange and preliminary discussion.

Digital transformation denotes the final stage of coverage with digital technologies – from digital competence through digital consumption to digital transformation. Digital economics is based on deep integration of business and IT strategies. Digital transformation is a change in business processes based on data analytics. Not external resources, as it was believed earlier, become, however, the main source of these data, but a company's internal processes. Apart from the technologies, the key factor of a successful digital enterprise is people. It is human capital that acts as the main resource when forming a business model based on data. Conventional IT models can no longer meet the growing digital necessities of business. Big data analytics departs from IT divisions and ceases to be a prerogative of CIO. The key objective of Chief Digital Officer (CDO) is corporate restructuring, formation of the vision and comprehensive activity plan for transformation of business processes, products, and services into a digital format. Digital technologies and artificial intelligence are not a cure-all problems that are present in the market and in a specific company. Digitalization is not a substitution of real business processes, but is additional to them.

Improving cyber security is the purpose of all states. Military-industrial complex is in need of creating innovative protection systems for their cyber space. A lack of such security systems can lead to the global disaster, using nuclear weapons. Today's legal regulation of the national personal data still does not provide for legal regulation of user data which can be obtained via gadgets fitted with cameras, speakers, applications. Apart from information leakage as a result of hacker attacks, and accidental cyber leaks, the great problem is related to unlawful leakage and data stolen by company employees. Although the legislation of personal data protection is improving with allowance for precedents in this sphere leading to cybercrimes, an amount of unlawful use of personal data by company employees do not decrease due to a lack of accountability and behavior code in the sphere of personal data processing.

The object of the study is the company "UP!"-a large advertising Agency. With the arrival of the company on the Russian market and the beginning of its work in the retail sector, a significant change in existing business processes was required. In particular, the company requires automation of warehouse accounting processes, which will improve the efficiency of supply, logistics and sales departments. Methods of the system analysis of the purpose are applied for formation of the correct structure of the tasks which are subject to automation. An iterative model and elements of the Prince2 methodology were used to manage the implementation project. At the end of the introduction of information systems management of storage resources are marked significant effect - increased productivity by optimizing the time spent on documentation, there is a possibility of control over the movement of goods and materials in the company on the basis of the tracking flow, accounting, sales and write-offs in retail outlets, the opportunity to analyze sales.

International Facility Management Association (IFMA) traditionally divides the management of real estate into asset, property and facility management. The paper explores how the emergence of building information modelling (BIM) has influenced the distribution of information about the building among the stakeholders. As-built BIM in industrial buildings is a significant part of digital transformation of industrial assets and emergence of Industry 4.0. The tendency of transferring the ownership of information from facility manager to asset manager as well as the increase of transparency is analysed in the recent literature. The development of as-built BIM has given the possibility to the owners of real estate to become not only the owners of the assets themselves but also the owners of digital assets. In order to clarify current situation in the scientific community, the research interest in building information modelling among the studies mentioning facility management, asset management and property management has been analysed. The role of information about the building components as well as practical examples of operational expenditures reduction are explored and discussed.

Currently, around the world, various neurocomputer interfaces (NCI) are being actively developed for controlling prostheses, exoskeletons, robots, for interacting with virtual reality, for rehabilitation medicine, and even for professional sports. Development and research in the field of rehabilitation medicine will help partially and fully restore the functional capabilities of people with amputation or congenital defects of the limbs. Thus, the purpose of this work is to review the methods of recording the control signals of bionic devices based on the analysis of physiological and nervous processes in humans and modeling of a project for developing a neurocomputer interface based on EMG using flexible methods of project management. In this regard, first of all, it is interesting to develop a sensor and controller for further use in systems of robotic prostheses. At the moment, the design of the project using flexible methods of project management has been made and the first prototype with five channels for connecting sensors and a USB interface for communication with a personal computer has been manufactured. Also was made the first prototype with 5 channels for connecting sensors and a USB interface for communication with a personal computer.

Nowadays the business has to develop in a rapidly changing environment. Globalization, digitalization and emerging information technologies affect not only the business processes of organizations, but they change the enterprise architecture in a complex way. The purpose of this research is to consider standard existing approaches to the Enterprise Architecture description and modeling. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to point out modern modeling frameworks that display such technologies as the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet of Things and others, for a complete description of the enterprise model within the framework of Industry 4.0 and digital transformation.

The level of civil activity and participation of local communities in solving local problems is an important pre-requisite for spatial development. The setting up of local communities, to a large extent, is the outcome of self-determination, the result of the actions of social actors, aimed at value-oriented and active involvement of citizens in local self-administration. Forming the local identity, ensuring the activation of the civil position, is one of the major objectives of municipal authorities. In St. Petersburg, where the local identity of the population is quite vague, and the municipal authorities, in fact, are dependent on the city's administration, which is preconditioned by the status of the city of the federal significance, the role the municipal authorities play in solving problems of the city's development must be reconsidered.

At the height of the fourth industrial revolution, information technology is expanding the context and motivation for participating in the civil life, increasing unprecedentedly the level of public discourse and ensuring an interactive network environment for communications between the municipal authorities and local communities.

In the research study, we evaluated the quality of communications between the municipal authorities of St. Petersburg and local communities through official websites and social media pages of intra-city municipalities of St. Petersburg. The research was conducted using the methods of content analysis, communicative-discourse and composite-graphical analysis, and the expert evaluation method. It was concluded that the existing resources are hardly suitable for solving the problems of intensifying civil participation of local communities and some guidelines were developed to detect the target audiences and expand the range of tools used for interactive communications.

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for assessing the level of digital infrastructure development for doing business in a region and a comparative analysis on the example of the two largest urban agglomerations of the Russian Federation-Moscow and St. Petersburg. The relevance of the research topic is confirmed, on the one hand, by the special role of the Moscow and St. Petersburg in the Russian economy, on the other hand, by the current processes of digitalization going on in the Russian economy. The authors propose a refined concept of "digital infrastructure of the region", and justify the choice of indicators characterizing its level. The article presents the integral indicator for assessing the level of development of the region's digital infrastructure, based on separate indicators of two types, characterizing, on the one hand, the material basis and on the another hand, the access to digital infrastructure. The study used a formula for calculation of the integral indicator. The presented formula is the convolution of the indicators of two types taking into account the relative significance of every indicator. The comparative analysis has been carried out, and recommendations have been developed for increasing the level of digital infrastructure development in the largest urban agglomerations of the Russian Federation-Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The development of innovative potential of the region through the formation of a regional innovation system, in the context of innovative development of the construction complex of the region, is relevant. The article considers the regions of the North-Western Federal district, analyzes the state of innovation activity, which allowed to determine that high innovation activity is inherent in St. Petersburg, as well as some regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation: Murmansk region, Arkhangelsk region and the Republic of Komi. Also, the list of stages, which must be followed in the innovative development of the construction complex of the region, namely: 1) creation of conditions for increasing the intellectual potential of the construction complex within the existing legislation; 2) creation of information specialized data Bank on patents, advanced technologies, inventions, research organizations, scientists; 3) Association and coordination of activities of enterprises of the construction complex for innovative development; 4) saturation of the labor market with highly qualified specialists in the field of construction. In this connection, the article forms a model of the regional innovation system, where the building complex acts as a factor of innovative development. The model reflects in the context of the micro-level, meso-level and macro-level the points that need to be worked out for the development of the construction complex as a driver of the regional innovation system. In accordance with the model, the integral innovative potential of the construction enterprise is determined, subsystems are identified: organizational and institutional mechanisms; investments; the level of scientific and technical development; factors and conditions of the external and internal environment; human resources. In accordance with the subsystems selected targets and built a strategic map of the integrated innovation potential of the construction complex of the region.

Global economy and era of digitalization poses great pressure on development of different enterprises. Businesses have to be complied with newest technologies and focus on efficiency of their management system. Seaports are complicated business systems, which are becoming global hubs for different stakeholders to exchange data within complex infrastructure. Digitalization of such complex systems requires a coherent approach, aiming to summon managerial and digitalization goals. The key concept to create a digital-based system of business processes is the concept of IT-services, which are characterized to be a support of business functions. The goals of this research paper is to adapt standard of Enterprise Architecture and create a coherent system of business processes for container terminals and suggest a set of IT-services, which could be further transformed into a complex Applications Architecture of seaport. This Applications Architecture can be further built up with modern digital technologies and information systems of different types.

In recent years, many countries experiencing the global financial and economic downturn have been actively searching for new models of development. Creating a waste management industry in Russia is another sector of the "green economy" that can solve not only the country's environmental problems, but also can create new points of growth, create new jobs and ensure economic growth. Eco-technoparks (there are about 300 such parks in the world today) should become the basis of the waste management industry. Foreign and Russian experience in the operation of eco-technoparks allows us to identify certain regularities and success factors for their activities, and to promote the growth of the number of eco-technoparks. The waste management industry is now also becoming a driver of the digital economy. At the same time, the process of digitalization of the waste management industry is a real opportunity to move to a differentiated system of payment for municipal waste management services, and, accordingly, the opportunity to solve the industry's problems. In order to develop the waste management industry, it is necessary to define the concept of eco-technoparks and secondary resources as an important condition for providing state support to eco-technoparks. The article gives the author's definition of eco-technology parks.

The importance of intellectualizing modern society means a more complete study of the role intellectual capital has in the development of industrial relations is required. This is due to the fact that increasing the intellectual component is integral to building an innovation economy. A fair assessment of intellectual capital should be given. This will allow its level in a specific organization to be identified and the amount of intellectual capital to be compared with other business entities. This paper gives a comparative analysis of the use of methods for assessing the intellectual capital of a business, namely: the cost approach method, the market capitalization method, and the intellectual value added method. When examining the intellectual capital, its various components, i.e., its relational, human, and organizational capital, were used. The synergy of these components helps maximize the positive effect. The methods listed above have a practical application and were tested on a business. Using these methods made it possible to determine the quantitative and qualitative value of the intellectual capital. Thus, it was possible to not only judge the availability of intellectual resources at the current time period, but also to study the dynamics of intellectual changes, as well as build a comparative characteristic both at a microlevel with other businesses and comparing it at the meso level with the whole industry. Such practice will make it possible to come up with recommendations on how to use intellectual capital, determine its sufficiency, taking into account the industry average parameters of intellectualization. Despite the growing significance of intellectual capital and the grand scale of this problem, there are big gaps in terms of its evaluation. These are due to the insufficient number of market criteria and the inability to display them in financial statements in full. The guidelines looked at in this paper allow the amount of a company's intellectual capital to be assessed, thus giving the opportunity to come to objective conclusions about the level of intellectualization while taking into consideration the specifics of the business activities. It also reveals the main factors influencing intellectualization and allows suggestions to be made on how to use the intangible resources available in the most rational way.

The beginning of the 21^st century saw the development of digital technologies due to the information revolution and globalization processes. Information has become a principal resource in the society and business processes. A person can transform it into knowledge and social and economic relationships are migrating into the network space. The digital culture is a key factor of the digital transformation. Comprehensive introduction of state-of-the-art digital technologies is one of the growth areas for the economy as they change business processes, communications and the social sphere and, as a result, create the new "digital" culture. The authors of this paper focus on the fact that in the nearest future the majority of technologies will be developed at the intersection of various interrelated industries, from 3D printers to cloud computing and mobile applications. The paper also explores the ways various governments deal with the changes resulting from the digital economy and the costs they incur to arrange the interaction of citizens with public authorities using various digital technologies. These and other factors make the article relevant. The subject matter of the paper is digital technologies, which are crucial for Russia's economic development. The goals include the research of the state of the digital economy in Russia and in the world, analysis of the digital economy program as a priority for the country's economic development and determination of the economic digitalization prospects. The research is based on such methods as examination and generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative analysis, which made it possible to specify basic digital economy trends.

Relevance of the issue selected for the research is directly correlated with Russia's specialization in oil product exports. The oil industry competitiveness has become the foundation of the country's economy and living standards. However, current macroeconomic uncertainty significantly affects this industry and despite the nationwide support, the consequences are seen in lower oil production both in physical and financial terms. This article analyzes changes in Russia's oil industry during the world economic crisis (2008-2009), as well as during the period of economic sanctions against Russia (2014 till present). The estimated changes in output and return on sales in the period of macroeconomic uncertainty were assessed by means of the factor analysis. The development prospects of the oil industry in Russia were assessed by means of the retrospective analysis.

Today the competitiveness of the Russian economy is closely dependent on the successful introduction of new digital technologies into the domestic industry. In the study, the authors analysed features of the industrial revolution in Russia and other countries. It was discovered that the industrial Internet is currently underutilized in the Russian market. However, one of its notable characteristics is the dominance of the industrial segment in the Russian Internet of Things, which indicates promising development prospects for the industrial Internet technology in Russia. The authors also analysed readiness of Russian enterprises to introduce Industry 4.0 technologies. Although the enterprises clearly expressed their readiness to implement digital technologies, there are some objective difficulties that set back the process. The main obstacles that prevent the integration of the industrial Internet into the Russian industry are insufficient flexibility of enterprises, a lack of developed digital business models of companies, a shortage of skilled personnel, and limited funding. In the conclusion, the authors set some objectives that need to be addressed in order to facilitate the development of the industrial Internet in Russia based on the findings of the study.

The formation of the BRICS cooperation mechanism was based on the political need to unite several rapidly growing countries. The process of its integration has shown the successful prospect of expanding the functions of the BRICS platform. This article studies the main factors of economic cooperation of the BRICS countries in the context of global governance and reforming the international financial and economic structure. The BRICS is one of the most important actors in the global governance of the 21st century, which brings together the most important forces of the developing countries in a new era; each of them is a regional power in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa. The study gives the thorough analysis of the national programs in the field of international economic activity, provides practical measures to resolve conflicts of interests among the BRICS countries and promote mutual understanding. The conclusion reveals the trend towards the formation of a multipolar system in international relations and the growing interdependence of the BRICS countries, noting the importance of economic integration and financial cooperation among these countries that is to get enhansed in order to defend together against the threat of unstable external environment and preserve national socio-economic development.

The development of regional competitiveness is a challenge of our time. The elaboration of effective tools for this process offers opportunity to consolidate the existing and acquire new unique competitive advantages at both regional and national levels. The basis of any socio-economic development is a person whose effective performance reflects the level of his human capital. It can be argued that human capital, in the modern context, is becoming the basis for development of competitive advantages at all levels of competition. In this regard, assessment of competitiveness of the regional economy, which takes into account a human capital factor, is important for the analysis and creation of sustainable regional development processes. Improved technologies have offered economists new methods and tools for economic development. Digitalization of the economy is a prime example of this. The purpose of this work is to study human capital as a catalyst for digitalization of the regional economy. The subject of this study is substantiation of an assessing mechanism for regions' readiness to transition to the digital economy based on the factor of human capital analysis. The central subject of digitalization of the regional economy is the state. Therefore, when assessing regions' competitiveness and their readiness for digitalization, such factors as development of human capital in public administration of these regions were taken into account. The results of the study contribute to the development of the regional economic theory, the theory of human capital, and to the development of the efficiency assessment approaches of public administration in the framework of a limited resource base and ongoing challenges facing the state. As a result, it became possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the key social and economic regional institutions readiness for digitalization.

The article explores the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the sustainability of Vietnam's economic development. The focus is on the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Vietnam. The main indicators characterizing the fourth industrial revolution are analyzed in comparison with the "four new Asian tigers"-Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Based on the identification of the Industry 4.0 advantages and disadvantages in Vietnam, various aspects of its impact on the national economy are evaluated. The necessity of continuing the implementation of Industry 4.0 on the basis of overcoming the identified shortcomings of the process of its implementation in Vietnam is substantiated.

In the conditions of digital transformation of the economy, the structure of human capital and the instruments of human capital development are changing. The development of human capital management system in the conditions of digital economy development is possible only with the high quality of human capital and the high level of knowledge. A system model is developed, which is represented by the subsystems "The Structure of Human Capital", "Instruments of Human Capital Development", "Organizational and Economic Instruments of Human Capital Management", taking into account the peculiarities of human capital management in the digital economy. To determine the ways to improve the quality of human capital structure and to assess the effectiveness of human capital development tools, an approach to assessing the efficiency level of human capital development, including indicators of qualitative and quantitative assessment, is presented. This will make it possible to take more fully into account all aspects of the management of intellectual resources in the digital economy. In order to be able to classify enterprises by the efficiency level of human capital development with innovative characteristics on the basis of open financial information, machine learning model was created and classification rules were defined.

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) provides completely new resources to qualitatively change the way businesses and supply chains operate. This paper discusses one of the new technologies known as the Internet of Things (IoT) which has, along with other technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, "Big data", a unique potential that can cause significant changes in the world. IoT allows businesses to use innovative services more quickly, with less risk. Russia goes behind European countries in the development of the logistics industry, which shows the necessity for innovative methods of management and control of delivery flows. Due the problems in the development of informatization of the logistics sector in Russia and the global trend of transition to a digital economy, the authors considered it relevant to study foreign experience. The Internet of Things guarantees a massive revolution in logistics over the next decade. This creates new business benefits by minimizing the price of device components, increasing the speed of wireless networks, and expanding the ability to receive data on the network. Work focuses on the implementation of IoT in logistics, real-world examples of the use among transport companies and perspectives for the development of new technology.

Telemedicine technology development is an important tendency of National Health Service development, as it facilitates an immediate medical support and health service management problem solution that is high on the agenda in isolated remote scarcely populated regions with health care personnel deficiency, and provides an economically efficient health care quality and access improvement. Using modern practices in the field of information and communication technologies is highly relevant for emergency medical services, because it allows significantly improve access and quality. The research has shown that in spite of the fact that telemedicine in Russia does not operate at full capacity many clinics use its components. The most common components are online medical appointment booking, access to personal account with prescription and research data and the "doctor-doctor" consultation format. Further, it is apparent from experiences worldwide that telemedicine can expand the range of service, complementing and improving health service for the population of villages, cities and even countries.

In this article authors introduce and analyze Russian rating lists in various international innovative and digital indexes. They discovered that Russia is left behind the leaders in the field of digital economy and innovations. Authors characterize the main idea of Russian economy sectors transition to digital technologies. The article describes various methods of government support for research infrastructure in order to provide worldwide leadership in the field of digital economy. Authors analyzed domestic and foreign experience in providing tax advantages and formulated the recommendations on creating an effective tax system. Authors suggested their interpretation of assessment of innovative projects efficiency in the field of digital economy. They made a conclusion that the lack of modern legislative framework in tax policy stands in the way of successful digital technologies development in Russia. They generated specific elements of tax regulations, for example tax advantages to motivate innovative projects. The element of novelty of the progressive instruments for digital economy implementation is engagement of the headline innovative institutions of Russian Federation. Authors made a conclusion that Russia can develop competitive infrastructure in the field of digital economy, if the problems of legislative stimulation of companies were solved and investors were engaged in digital projects.

The paper discusses the reduction of losses from the shadow economy in the city of St. Petersburg of the Russian Federation. 230 households representing different sectors of society were analyzed. Based on the analysis, an econometric model was developed, with the help of which it was possible to calculate the effectiveness of increasing the proposed non-linear tax rate, as well as the amount of losses that the city budget loses annually, due to the concealment of rental income. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that with the help of advanced digital tools for tracking the availability of property and generating income from it, the city budget can receive a fairly significant part of the income that can be used in good state intentions. In addition, the paper presents an analytical structure of the state of households of state and municipal employees living and working in St. Petersburg, as well as deputies of various levels. The amount of income that the city does not receive due to the shadow real estate rental market is estimated at $ 4.4 million annually, which is a very significant indicator for Russia.

The paper is aimed at discussing an important problem - the taxation mechanism which is not used sufficiently today to develop the digital economy in a given country. The tax regime is analyzed as a whole., In addition, indirect and direct taxation are looked into for two groups of countries: frontrunners and adopters. The countries were distributed into groups taking into account the data of Global Connectivity Index 2018. It is shown that the tax burden differs in the groups of countries that have different pace of digital transformation. Moreover, the tax burden in the frontrunner countries is higher than it is in the adopter countries. The adopters demonstrate a steady downward trend. In the adopter countries, the tax burden of direct income taxes imposed on business is lower than in the frontrunner countries, while the burden of indirect taxes is higher. In dynamics, the burden of indirect taxes grew in most countries of both groups. However, the largest increase in indirect taxes is typical for the adopters. Changes in the burden of direct taxes businesses have to pay in the adopter countries are less uniform. This may be caused by different approaches that are used to stimulate digital transformation: using tax instruments or providing direct government support. According to the study, the need for reforming profit taxation in Russia is substantiated in order to enhance the stimulating effects of digitalization. The assessment of the nexuses between digital transformation and individual taxation parameters is of great interest.

Today, digital technologies are developed and used in all economic sectors without any exception. The financial sector is one of the drivers for the digitalization of the economy, which caused the emergence of fintech, an innovational industry that is based on the fusion of state-of-the-art digital and financial technologies. Blockchain is one of the most promising technologies in the financial sector. It has become widely used to create cryptocurrencies. This technology is used in many areas of the financial sector, for example, for customer identification by financial institutions. This research involved building of a model using the net present value method to evaluate the efficiency of the implementation and use of the automated decentralized database using the blockchain technology for bank customer identification. The paper presents the results of the modeling for three cases: for the most favorable economic conditions with minimum costs and maximum benefits, for average conditions and the least favorable economic conditions. The analysis of the modeling results identified financial institutions with a certain number of customers for which it will be economically viable to implement blockchain.

The introduction of digital technology in the process of local self-government is an urgent task for modern Russia. The article assesses the conditions for the introduction of digital technologies at the municipal level of management, identifies barriers to the spread of innovative methods for making managerial decisions, including everyday issues of people's lives. Based on the statistical analysis, the authors of the article identified the subjects of the Russian Federation with a developed digital management system and, conversely, with the absence of such. It is shown that when using digital technologies the costs of the management process are reduced, bureaucratic delays in the preparation of the necessary documents for the population are eliminated, the opportunities for members of society to make managerial decisions are realized. The following were identified as the main barriers to innovation in local self-government: lack of IT-technology specialists, financial constraints, institutional imperfections and disagreements of management structures. In the leading regions, digital technologies adopted appropriate programs, created scientific potential. In outsider regions, financial constraints are the main obstacle to the introduction of digital technology. The creation of e-governments in municipalities will allow for an effective dialogue between authorities, business and the public.

Issues of tax planning and forecasting have become increasingly important given the current development of digital technology. Digitalization allows the lowering of tax administration costs and increases the speed of information collection and accuracy of its processing. Though the level of digitalization of Russian fiscal bodies is quite high, there are still many problems that require the application of modern tools to be resolved. The article presents the results of the research, conclusions and recommendations which shall be helpful in developing a universal algorithm for the application of digital tools in forecasting tax revenues in the Russian Federation. The author has studied digital tools applied by fiscal bodies, defined the role of these instruments in forecasting regional tax revenues, identified problems and developed measures to improve the system of planning and forecasting tax revenues in the budget of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The article will be of interest for theoreticians and practitioners studying the work of Russian tax bodies as a basis for further research and review.

The article analyzes the problems of the development of modern banking business in Russia in the context of the growing share of large banks in the market. The aim of the work is to determine the need for the introduction of new advanced technologies by small and medium banks in order to increase the efficiency of their activities. The working hypothesis is that against the background of low economic growth in Russia and high competition among state and quasi-state banks, small and medium-sized banks can remain competitive only through cooperation and the introduction of new advanced technologies (artificial intelligence technology and blockchain technology).

The article provides a brief overview of theoretical and empirical studies of the introduction of modern information technologies in banking. Briefly describes the international experience in implementing information technology in the financial sector of the economy. The article also provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the development of the modern Russian banking system.

The analysis of official statistics of the Bank of Russia was carried out, which confirmed the tendency to decrease in the number of banks in the Russian economy, as well as the increase in the degree of monopolization of the banking sector of the Russian economy. Together, these two phenomena lead to increased competition between large banks on the one hand and medium and small banks on the other, in which the latter can only be actively introduced by new information technologies.

The study clearly showed that the monopolization of the banking sector leads to the need to look for new development paths for small and medium-sized banks through the introduction of modern technologies.

Today, digital technologies are increasingly becoming an integral part of our life. In business, they help to improve the efficiency of current business processes by creating new business models and more ways to attract customers. The purpose of the study is to describe the real estate model transformed under digitalization and analyse its economic efficiency. The data was collected through personal interviews with executive managers of real estate companies in Russia. The paper describes a new real estate model that reduces dependence of real estate agencies on agents. Its establishment was made possible due to the emergence of digital technologies and digital tools and their introduction into our everyday life as well as the business sector. The paper also presents stages of work in a real estate agency, defines parties responsible for each stage and lists digital technologies and tools. Moreover, in the paper, the new business model is compared to the classical one based on their characteristics. Some preconditions for the new model are determined, and its flaws are described. Social consequences of innovations in the real estate sector are defined. The economic efficiency of the model is calculated and used as an indicator of its high potential capacity for real estate. The paper might be useful for real estate entrepreneurs or other businesses with great dependence on key personnel responsible for interacting with customers.

Innovative activities currently determine the competitiveness of enterprises in all sectors. A wide range of scientific studies is devoted to the analysis of the innovation economic efficiency, but most Russian and foreign researchers agree that innovation on the one hand causes an increase in production costs, on the other hand, requires additional efforts to commercialize market demand in order to compensate for the increase in costs. The inevitable increase in market prices for innovative products exacerbates the difficulties of an innovative enterprise and adversely affects its competitiveness and market capitalization. Currently, in practice there is no clear concept and methodology for assessing the results of the production enterprises participation in the innovation process. The concept of the "innovative activity economy" is introduced in the article, considered by the authors in comparison with the issues of the quality economy. The cost model of innovation-oriented manufacturing enterprises is also considered, combining the production of "traditional" products with innovation, in comparison with the traditional cost model of an enterprise that does not carry out innovative activities. This combination changes the mechanisms for the formation of enterprise's economic indicators, complicates the relationship between them, changes the structure of risks and, accordingly, requires special approaches to decision-making, planning and results evaluation.

The role of innovations as a key factor in public administration development and state functions transformation remains so far insufficiently studied. The research objective is to study social consequences of applying innovative technologies in public administration, while analyzing state functions dynamics as influenced by developing innovations. Main research methods are the universal philosophical method of scientific knowledge; analysis, synthesis, comparative legal and systematic methods. Mainstreaming of innovative technologies in public administration creates conditions for emerging and developing new state functions - ensuring innovative security and overcoming inequalities in information society associated with limited accessibility of innovations for certain population strata. In line with global trends, the implementation of basic state functions is closely linked with the innovative development function and ensuring national innovative security thereby creating conditions for implementing other state functions. That said, account should also be taken of using innovative technologies in public administration poses certain risks to human rights, and therefore, the development of innovations should only be the material basis for achieving the primary goal of the state - ensuring and protecting human rights and freedoms. Our research results demonstrate dynamics and nature of state functions in today's world with development and implementation of innovations.

The article of the current state of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation is discussed. The problems that unlike the countries of Western Europe, hamper the harmonious development of small and medium-sized businesses are noted. Most attention is paid to the problems of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas. A large imbalance has been established between the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas and the city. The results of studies in the form of diagrams are presented. The reasons for the large difference in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises between the countryside and the city are determined. It is noted that the emergence of a large number of urban-type villages in rural areas near large cities does not change the situation. Areas of activity in which small and medium-sized businesses will more conveniently develop in rural areas are identified. Conditions have been established that will contribute to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas. The proposals for improving the efficiency of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas in the Russian Federation are presented. Particular attention in the proposals is given to the problem of reducing the young population in rural areas. Therefore, the submitted proposals take into account the strategic and socio-economic aspects of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation. It is noted that this approach to solving problems is used in Western Europe.

The paper is dedicated to analyzing the process of innovative product development in the chemical industry, elaborating a methodology for evaluating the efficiency of innovative projects common for this sector of the economy, and testing this methodology using the example of a project. First, the authors consider the specifics of the development process in which a new product is created in the chemical sector. The emphasis is laid on the product-process approach, and a brief characteristic of this approach is provided. Then the authors discuss the general methodology of product development in the chemical sector using investment analysis methods and a decision tree. Then the authors tested the methodology using the example of a Russian chemical enterprise realizing an innovative project on production of urea-formaldehyde concentrate, urea-formaldehyde resins, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. The results of the investment attractiveness of the project demonstrate that the net present value from the implemented project, given the risk factors, is higher than if the project was implemented with the basic initial conditions. The elaborated methodology allows us to evaluate investment projects in the context of uncertainty, and the result of its application is that more informed management decisions about investment projects in the chemical industry become possible.

Digitalization of tourism in the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the increasing importance of tourism, not only as a way to spend leisure time, but also as a branch of the economy that can generate a significant income and ensure territorial development. Despite a large number of diverse tourism resources in the country, tourism development was highly uneven, concentrating in a limited number of regions.

Information technology and especially the Internet has greatly toughened global competition over tourist flows. In today's world, tourists would rather visit a place about which they can get sufficient information and where a trip can be easily arranged. The role of national and regional tourist web portals, supported by relevant government agencies, is significantly increasing in this context. The tourist information infrastructure should not only provide up-to-date and complete information, but also ensure usability for the tourist (including independent). Tourism within St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region is featured by rather close links between the regions and unification of tourist flows between them. Both regions have a significant quantity of tourist resources, which ensures development of various types of tourism. Creation of the 'silver Necklace' interregional route consolidated further integration between tourist resources of the neighboring regions. Tourist portals of these regions, nevertheless, significantly differ in their content and interactive capabilities. As part of the study, the information presented on tourist portals of Russia, St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region in terms of implementing interactive services was reviewed.

Usage of information technologies in service and trade industry is increasing daily which is accompanied by information leakage risks. Information security system can prevent threats from employee's lack of skills and detect vulnerabilities on early stages. To implement information security system, general steps are to build conceptual model of the subject area, build a semantic network to follow decision making process, adept current situation in company to ISO 27001 requirements and choose information system to atomize business processes. EPC diagram given in this paper shows the steps that service and trade companies can follow to get ISO 27001 certificate. The article describes such security information and event management systems as IBM QRadar security intelligence platform, Splunk Enterprise Security and RSA NetWitness Suite. The results of the research show how implementation of information security policy impact company's indicators and reputation. Cyber security system's implementation can lead to low expenses caused by interruption in service or data leakage, increased reliability and security of systems and improved business processes' optimization.

Supply chain management is a complex and systematic process of moving commodity flows from the moment of production planning to the further distribution of products in accordance with the market conditions and the target segment requirements. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the supply chain can be achieved through the formation of partnerships that are aimed at organizing comprehensive cooperation of economic entities with its inalienable integration into the logistics chain of their own production. Also, such partnerships are based on the desire of economic entities to concentrate the required resources in the area of the irown competence, whereas to delegate the other functions to the third-party enterprises (for example, outsourcing them). In order to establish a partnership, the parties involved must determine and agree on possible motivators, contributing factors, business process components and expected results, taking into account the balance of power, specialization, readiness for cooperation of stakeholders, possible damage and distribution of risks, importance of the applicant, reasons for withdrawal from the contract and "force majeure" circumstances. This proposed model of partnership in supply chain management allows reducing the production cycle, the maintenance costs and the "money-money" cycle. It also allows improving the performance of the supply chain, optimizing logistics costs, which, in turn, creates favorable conditions for reducing foreign economic costs, increasing profits and focusing the core competencies of the enterprise-manufacturer.

Changes in the demographic situation in the world lead to a change in the enterprises staff. These changes are associated with a life expectancy increase and, as a consequence, an increase in the economically active population over 65 years old. However, the significant increase in the number of active older generation people is directed opposite to the level of the information technology use by them. For example, the older generation is not keen on making online purchases. Thus, in the trade, the working places for older employees are retained. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the trade enterprises labor resources in Russia and the Czech Republic. We have used methods of statistical data analysis and formalized survey. The study results have showed the similar trends in the trade sector labor markets in Russia and the Czech Republic. In addition, the results of the study have revealed the directions of the older labor force use. The older people can be involved in activities with a large communication load and high value of professional experience. Older workers often act as mentors, transferring their experience to the young colleagues. Thus, the interactions between workers of different generations can accelerate the development of trade enterprises.

Digital transformation brings about fundamental transformations in relationships with partners, customers, and competitors. It is proved that digital transformation is to be studied thoroughly as a phenomenon that profoundly affects almost all the factors of the external and internal environment of the company. The article analyzes the key areas of the strategy development at the present stage of economy. The key trends of digital transformation in the activity of trade enterprises are taken into account. The article shows that such lines of innovative development as the improvement of digital methods of collecting, processing, and analyzing information; expansion of interaction with consumers in the digital environment; timely detection of changes in the competitive environment, a response to emerging threats by using technologies of Web Analytics, Video Analytics, Wi-Fi Analytics, data management platforms, Advanced Analytics, virtual and augmented reality technology, the Internet of Things, and many others can be regarded as the most important ones. The need for further improvement of digital technologies is recognized as a new company value for trade enterprises. Algorithms of forming digital transformation strategy components which contribute to the quick reaction to changes in the business environment of the company are proposed.

The paper substantiates the significance of the business analysis of tax solvency as a necessary element of the tax management of service organizations under conditions of increased turbulence of factors and conditions of the business environment caused by the development of digital and information technologies. Instrumental support of business analytical procedures involves the selection of methods and the development of tools - techniques and information support, which together represent a methodological justification (algorithm) for assessing tax solvency. The algorithm includes five stages: assessment of environmental factors and conditions, indicators of the results and effectiveness of economic activity, absolute and relative indicators of the tax burden, key indicators of the level of tax solvency. In order to eliminate contradictions and shortcomings in the existing traditional methods, it is proposed to use the indicative approach, which is implemented in the form of four stages, during which key indicators are determined (16 in total). The advantage of the indication approach is its unique factual analytical capacity, which allows low-cost financial instruments to obtain summarizing information for making managerial decisions of a service that is proactive and to ensure proper tax consistency.

The article discusses the directions, problems and results of the digital solutions introduction in trading enterprises. The directions of digitalization in trade are designated. It is shown that the introduction of digital solutions directly affects the reduction of costs and sales growth. The introduction of intellectual capital as another type of asset allowed us to expand the list of factors affecting the volume of sales, costs, profitability of a trading enterprise and its value. The features of the intellectual capital formation of a trading company at the stages of the life cycle are considered. Possible positive directions of digitalization impact on the elements of intellectual capital are presented, and the dynamics of the impact of digitalization decisions on the elements of intellectual capital at the stages of the enterprise life cycle is also considered. A technique for evaluating the effectiveness of investments in the intellectual capital of an enterprise is proposed, which is based on a combined assessment of the elements of intellectual capital using the CIV and MVAIC methods, as well as taking into account the stage of the life cycle of a trading enterprise. Criteria for assessing the effectiveness of investing in elements of intellectual capital are proposed.

The concept of branding takes a special place in the system of entrepreneurship. Development of branding in trade is determined by pecularities of this field.. The article deals with relevance of branding use as a concept of company management. The basic concepts in the field of brand equity are analyzed and the main trends of brand cost valuation are investigated. Advantages of a brand strategy development are defined. Strategies for expanding the boundaries of brand use are presented. Innovativetools that increase the effectiveness of branding and influence the growth of brand equity are studied. These tools include the use of Big Data technologies for the collection and processing of information, improving marketing research used in situation analysis; the development of the Internet of things as an innovative direction for the formation of a marketing mix; the use of mobile technologies. Pecularities of brand management activity in running an organization are considered. The main directions influencing increase of the market value of a company are given. The role of the value-based approach as a criterion for the success of the company's activities in brand management is defined.

The growth of market competition, its transition to regional and international levels, the development of information technologies as well as dramatic changes in consumer behaviour determine the development of global market trends, which necessitates the study of a methodology to form distribution channels, from the viewpoint of digital connectivity and transition to a more complex global system. The paper discusses the conceptual framework for creating a digital business ecosystem as a combination of three components: the consumer's ecosystem, the producer's ecosystem and the communicative connecting core. The object of research is a distribution system that operates in a market environment. The research is based on the application of the descriptive-analytical and comparative methods as well as the method of semantic and structural analysis, the method of monitoring the content of terminology in theoretical and applied papers within the chosen field of study. Significant development trends have been identified in the theory of global value chains and supply chains, the strategic goal of which is not to dominate, but to keep the balance that generates added value. The ecosystem formation theory terminology is enriched by introducing the concept of "a digital ecosystem" into the scientific circulation. The role of the consumer as a full participant in the business ecosystem, who is engaged in the process of creating additional consumer value, is determined.

Retail is now a dynamic industry. It is highly competitive and requires a process approach. Organization of trade business according to the process management model involves standardization of business processes, application of marketing technologies. The efficient operation of trading enterprises depends on the use of marketing tools. Marketing of the retail trading enterprise allows to form an individual trading offer supported by a trading service. The conceptual development of trade creates conditions for the formation of new concepts, in particular the marketing of cooperation oriented towards the development of long-term cooperation.

The article presents the development of a reference model for the "Purchase" business process as an element of modeling the basic business processes at FMCG chain retailing companies. In many ways, the rationale for the development of a business architecture model is related to the understanding of factors that push chain companies to search optimization solutions in terms of organizing their work. In these conditions, modeling basic business processes of the company is essential for the construction of architectural solutions of FMCG retail network companies. The models are based on a hierarchical principle that allows to consistently move to the next level of detail, as long as the model is not described in as much detail as necessary to solve specific problems of FMCG chain retailing companies. In accordance with the aim of the study, the basic business processes of FMCG-retail network companies are identified, a typical structure of the "Purchase" business process is presented, a contextual chart of the top level of detail and a subsidiary model of the "Purchase" business process are consistently developed (the IDEF0 notation is used in this study). On the basis of top-level models, models of subprocesses of business process A1 "Purchase" are developed: A1. 1 "Purchasing planning"; A1. 2 "Choice of Suppliers; A1. 3 "Conclusion of the Contract with Supplier"; A1. 4 "Operational management of Deliveries"; And 1.5 "Assessment of suppliers". The developed models can be used in construction of architectural solutions in FMCG chain retailing companies.

The development of innovative technologies in Russian retail is connected with the change of consumers' relations models. They acquire a new format, accents and technologies of trade presentation change. Nowadays the omni-channel concept replaces the traditional selling concept. The key goal of the paper is to determine the main directions of digitalization in retail. The sub goals are to study the customers' preferences in the use of digital sales channels and to identify the prospects of creating an information customer base that available for all sales channels. The study was conducted on the basis of statistical analysis methodology. The study results have showed that the omni-channel concept represents an integrated and systematic approach to sales. The modern customers' tastes and needs are changing very fast and the priority purchase channels are also changing along with them. The desire of a particular person to make a purchase arises as a result of the impact of diverse and multidirectional information. The purchase decision requires access to a sales channel. It can be offline store, online store, mobile devices, social networks, phone call, etc. A seller that uses all possible sales channels gains a significant competitive advantage. The buyer will be guided by the principles of speed, convenience and minimum costs.

The majority of subjects of economic activity of the Russian Federation (including the enterprises of sphere of trade and services) in the conditions of development of digital economy are compelled to use in economic practice the most various tools based on modern information technologies and application of resources of the Internet. As the main reasons for the expansion of the set of digital solutions that are used by modern enterprises, we can call the change in the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, which predetermines the rules of organization and conduct of commercial operations by economic entities. Modern technologies are also used in the implementation of relations with government agencies (for example, in the framework of relations with the Federal tax service). The state expands the range of interaction with enterprises and organizations through electronic systems at different stages: it can be registration of an economic entity, submission of reporting forms on tax payments in order to implement the fiscal function of the state, request information about the counterparty through electronic systems to minimize the risks of economic activity. In addition to these facts, often modern information technologies and digital products are used by participants of economic relations voluntarily. In this case, their application can be aimed at optimizing business processes, ensuring rapid response to trends in the external environment and customer requests. The transformation of the sphere of trade and services under the influence of the expansion of the range of information technologies is ultimately focused not only on improving the efficiency of economic activities of individual economic entities. The introduction of digital solutions into economic practice qualitatively changes the processes of providing services, ultimately increasing the social efficiency of their economic activities.

In this paper, we study the trends of investment attractiveness of trade in Russia, connected with unfavorable social and economic factors of recent times, are studied. The analysis shows that despite its high practical significance, the concept of an "innovation and investment project" does not have a commonly accepted scientific definition. There is neither a unified approach to understanding this term, nor a holistic view of the problems and tasks that need to be addressed during the implementation of such projects. An analysis of the concept of an "innovation and investment project" has made it possible to identify the shortcomings in the existing interpretations and to propose a new one. Based on the analysis of systems for innovation and investment project management, we identify the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, and propose a model for a basic system for innovation and investment project management, including: principles, methods, tools for its implementation.

The development of a client-oriented approach in the provision of public services in the Russian Federation is an urgent task in modern conditions. The availability of public services, the quality of their provision forms an idea of the quality of life of the population in the state as a whole.

The quality of public services is one of the generalizing characteristics and an important indicator of the activities of Federal and municipal Executive authorities. On the one hand, the activities of Federal and municipal Executive bodies providing public services do not aim to make a profit. Such organizations provide public services to the population, some of them are implemented on a reimbursable basis. The term "effectiveness of public services" should be considered primarily in view of its social purpose, which is directly related to the satisfaction of recipients of public services.

The absence in modern economic science of a clear idea of the place of robotics in the reproduction process led to the purpose of the study: to determine the place of robotics in managing the reproduction of innovative goods and services in digitalization. The authors conducted a study of the problems of modernization and the creation of a model of industrial-technotronic economic development in the context of digitalization. During the study, the authors identified the main aspects of modernization, the order and stages of transformation. According to the author's concept, modernization is considered as a form of three levels: the level of the working machine (micro level); level of industrial stage of production, level of national economy. Particular attention is paid to the problem of digitization and robotization of processes as tools for managing the production of goods and services. The authors proposed a new model for the reproduction of goods and services, including, in addition to traditionally production, processes associated with applied research. n the course of the study, a mechanism was developed for the transition from a four-link control system to a five-link ("unmanned technology"). The paper found that the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of digitalization and robotization is of a twofold nature: increasing labor productivity while increasing the number of workers released. The problems associated with the implementation of the digital economy implementation program in Russia are identified. The contradictions that arise during the creation and implementation of "smart robots" in the process of managing the production of goods and services are identified.

The article considers the formation features of institutional space for economic agents in trade industry in the conditions of digital transformation. This paper examines the features that are manifested in structural shifts in interaction, interrelation, interpenetration of various types of formal and informal institutions; institutions aimed at consumer's decision-making; institutions that determine the success of a trade business. The role of institutional environment as a key element of institutional space is demonstrated in the paper. The authors analyze main stages of institutional space formation in the process of development of institutional trade policy, which to a large extent determine the effectiveness and prospects for the development of economic entities in trade industry.

Currently, the digitalization of logistics is receiving attention. This is due to the development of digital transformation processes caused by the Fourth technological revolution. The use of digital technology in the supply chain allows companies to ensure strategic competitive advantages. As a result, the efficiency of the sales system will increase. However, the implementation of digital technologies is associated not only with positive effects, but also with risks. When conducting the author's research, methods of structural and functional analysis, retrospective and comparative approaches, as well as expert assessment were used. Based on this methodology, the authors have identified and considered the main risks of the practical implementation of digital logistics technologies in supply chains. The results have high potential for practical use. It is recommended to take them into account when making management decisions on digitalization of logistics. This will determine the composition of measures to improve the efficiency of the logistics system, considering the need to reduce risks.

Digital marketing is an integral part of the process of digital business transformation. It incorporates new marketing techniques that are based on information and communication technologies. For this reason, its application in practice is a prerequisite for the successful development of the business in the contemporary market conditions. The object of this paper is the digital marketing and the subject is the digital marketing advantages and disadvantages. The first purpose of this paper is to systemize the various terms for digital marketing used in the specialized literature and the Internet and to show the differences between them. The second is to present the characteristics of the main advantages and disadvantages of digital marketing. Knowing them in depth, companies will be able to develop effective digital marketing strategies that have high potential to achieve company goals and at the same time are suitable to their profile. Thereby, they will be able to determine to what extent and which tools of the whole digital marketing palette are best suited to their marketing activities.

The spread of digital technology is transforming society and the economy. These changes affect the labor market. Modern employers need flexible marketing staff who can think creatively and make decisions in conditions of high environmental turbulence. For this, it is necessary to change the approach in training future specialists, namely, to use those tools and methods in teaching marketing disciplines that will allow their creative professional competencies to be developed as efficiently as possible. The object of the study was the online marketing training technology in terms of the formation of creative competencies. The aim of the study was to identify the problems of the formation of marketing competencies in the digital economy. The research methodology was based on the presentation of the structural components of marketing activity, characterized by varying degrees of demand for creative competencies. The existing approaches and strategies to stimulate creativity in the context of online marketing training were identified, the current state of the online marketing toolkit was analyzed. A correlation matrix has been developed for the tools for obtaining and implementing creative ideas and emerging marketing competencies for an online marketing course. A matrix has also been developed for correlating job types and emerging marketing competencies for an online marketing course. The selection of suitable tools and types of tasks will help to create professional competencies of a marketer at a high level of their creative component.

Artificial intelligence is not only a technological innovation, but also connection between physical and digital worlds, which completely will transform the way humans interact with machines. Cognitive intelligence already have a leading role in Europe's digital future. Today the main challenge is how to implement it in a way, that is fully relevant to European values within a digital Europe. Authors in paper defines the concept of artificial intelligence and to indicate its historical development, proposed a classification of the types of artificial intelligence services, develop a generic architectural model of an artificial intelligence system with a self-study control method and develop a generic architectural model of an artificial intelligence system with a self-study control method.

Today's consumer buying behavior is very volatile and keeps changing in the customer oriented market environment. There are a wide range of factors that the consumer behavior depends upon and differs when it comes to the product, features, packaging, price, generation, status, age of the customer etc. Today's youth ranging from 18-32 years of age follows the rhythm of the fashion and taste as per the changing times. They are more inclined towards having an enhanced online shopping experience.

A survey with 100 customers of online apparels in India indicated that factors such as quality, discounted options and social conformity majorly affect the purchasing behavior of the individual and their association with the product. For research purpose, the dependencies were measured by causal analysis conducted by Smart PLS 3. To summarize, this paper discusses about the drive to buy and the consequences among the youth pre and post personal consumption.

The spread of digital technology is transforming business processes. The transition to online trading is at the same time a consequence and cause of changes in the society of consumers of various goods and services. The lack of understanding of consumer behavior when planning and making their online purchases becomes apparent. The questions of consumer behavior in various specific areas of business remain unexplored, for example, the handmade industry, which is, inter alia, a way of self-awareness of one's identity. The object of the study was the online shoppers of handmade goods. The subject of the study was the factors in the process of making their purchasing decisions. The aim of the study was to establish the level of involvement and the nature of the incentive as factors in the decision-making process on the purchase of handmade goods on the Internet. The research methodology is based on the notion that a number of resource and situational factors influence the level of involvement in the decision-making process on the online purchase of handmade goods and the nature of the prevailing incentive in customer motivation. The points of view on the concept of the level of involvement, the nature of the prevailing stimulus are investigated, and existing approaches to their determination are identified. The points of view on the features of consumer behavior when making online purchases of handmade goods are investigated. A tool has been developed to measure the level of involvement and the nature of the prevailing incentive when making online purchases of handmade goods. A study of buyers showed the predominance of medium and high levels of involvement and emotional stimulus as factors in the decision-making process on buying handmade goods on the Internet. The findings are important for developing marketing strategies.

The tourist's «mobility» increasing trend is the result of traveler's activity, who prefer to build the routes and book the accommodations trough deferent services themselves, and digitalization of tourist market. Blackwell-Miniard-Engel model was used for the Customer Journey Map creation. The Customer Journey Map includes the possible touch points with customers for impact (communication) and help meet the need at different stages of the make buying decision. Studying the characteristics of digital travel services, the authors applied an online survey of 100 consumers aged 18-35. Because the estimation of the correctness of the choice concerns not only the tourist object, but also digital travel applications, respondents were asked about the used travel applications, the desired benefits and the degree of customer satisfaction with an available service. The usefulness of content and travel applications can be viewed in terms of the reliability of the information provider, the breadth of opportunities in evaluating options, price incentives, service levels and usability.

Nowadays consumers have become intelligent and changed the traditional way of the decision making process. Social networks have become more powerful: the consumer trusts reviews and peers' opinions more advertising. The current study is focused on clarifying the changes in the model of consumer behavior when shopping online. The research methodology is based on one the Engel, Blackwell and Miniard (EBM) model of consumer behaviour in the view of global digitalization of the economy. The study used data from statistical, information and research agencies and other researchers carried out in India and Russia comparatively. The study presents the current trends of on-line purchasing and the key factors that affect the decision making process. It was discovered that in India young shoppers are more active online shoppers than the olders. They are mostly driven by affordable prices and discounts. Older shoppers' alike, consider significant factors like convenience and product quality as vital reasons while shopping online. In Russia among the important parameters of choice, consumers noted a detailed product description available on the web site, the security of online payments, the presence of several payment methods and the fast delivery of goods. The independent reviews of other peers are the source of trust. Considering the global trends it was concluded that the strategic vector of trade development should be connected with omnichannel business models. Joint solutions in the field of payment, delivery and support of online purchases (including smart voice assist systems, chatbots and smart devices) only strengthen consumer loyalty to retailers.

The current state of the world economy and crisis phenomena show that the sustainable development of national economies is possible with the development of science and technology embodied in technologies, equipment and personnel qualification systems, production organization. Successful development of the modern economy is impossible without increasing the competitiveness of high-tech innovative products in the total volume of GDP. In order to activate the implementation of innovative developments in the real sector of the economy it is necessary for developing intellectual property objects to have concrete value for enterprises. Conformably, the developed intellectual property must be evaluated for the possibility of commercialization. A methodology is proposed for evaluation the commercial potential of IPO, which takes into account both the actual parameters of the intellectual property rights, its external environment, and the potential of patent holders The approach takes into account the assessments of experts in the field of intellectual property and as a result of the IPO evaluation, we get not the exact value, but the interval that indicates the low, medium or high potential for commercialization of this IPO. The proposed methodology will allow estimating IPO that are still incomplete in order to identify their growth points and determine the prospects for commercialization.

Decades after the establishment of the first modern agricultural cooperative in Bulgaria, we are observing a continuous increase in its number, then we see a decline until nowadays. In periods, when the members' satisfaction is higher, we notice increasing of the number of cooperatives and vice versa. In each period the relation between members' satisfaction, cooperative values and principles and existing and operating governance structures differs seriously. We identified three historical periods for this development: pre socialism, socialism and post socialism.

This paper is concentrated on the measuring the members satisfaction and to show the potential of using the new technologies (digitalization) for increasing the members satisfaction. For this purpose, we will try to evaluate the influence and application of the governance structure and cooperative values and principles on members' satisfaction. It our research we argue that the members' satisfaction is higher when the governance structure of the cooperative fits with the cooperative values and principles. For this fit we stand that the digitalization can contribute to the recovery of members involvement and transparency.

The methodology of the research comprises qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method includes in depth interviews, observations and narrative analysis. We use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as instrument for quantitative valuation of governance structures according to the cooperative values and principles as a criterion and will use it to measure member satisfaction in each historical period.

In this paper, the authors evaluate the characteristics of customers. Established interconnected segmentation and consumer targeting. Formulated groups of consumer characteristics, as well as the characteristics themselves, applicable in a digital environment. Based on data analysis, the effectiveness of targeting by behavioral and psychographic characteristics was determined. The authors proposed a model to predict the conversion rate of advertisements through the use of socio-demographic, psychographic, behavioral and geographical characteristics. The reliability of the models was checked for compliance and its testing. The results obtained during testing turned out to be comparable with the predicted ones, which allowed us to conclude that it is possible to predict conversion rates in order to increase the efficiency of resource use, including when promoting goods and services on social networks.

The health status of the population now has a tendency to worsen, which is associated with insufficient intake of essential micro and macro elements and a decrease in physical activity. It is growing in popularity among the population to attend fitness clubs to maintain their health and fitness. At the same time, emphasis is placed on a balanced diet with the ability to control calories consumed using the Internet of Things (IoT). The article presents an assessment of the quality of enriched meat products using the example of poultry cutlets according to organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators.

Flax seeds in the amount of 6% and oatmeal in the amount of 5.2%, which can serve not only as a source of high-grade protein, but also omega-3 fatty acids, became enriching additives. It was found that enriched cutlets had a pleasant appearance, taste and smell, juicy consistency and satisfy the daily requirement for omega-3 fatty acids. When 100 g of enriched cutlets are consumed, the need for protein is satisfied from 16.15 to 25.34%, respectively, for people with high and low physical activity. A model has been developed for the use of enriched meat products in fitness diets with the analysis of energy consumption by means of fitness control.

Modernization is an important direction to maintain and increase the efficiency of aging water transport. Vessels of various types and purposes are modernizing due to objective necessity. The actuality of this problem is connected not only with the slow process of renewal of the sea and river fleet, but also with the rapid moral aging of ships, which overtakes their physical aging. Modernization of an existing vessel is often more cost-effective for the shipowner than building or purchasing a new one. For the successful development of this direction it is necessary to have methodological and informational support which allows to determine the best modernization option based on available resources and to evaluate the quality of the work. The article describes an approach to structural analysis and quality assessment of modernization technology using informational support for functional and simulation modeling. Structural analysis of complex processes of modernization of the vessel is implemented in the form of context diagrams of these processes, which are decomposed considering the expert opinion. The proposed method of integration of functional and simulation models allows to allocate optimally all available resources and to assess the efficiency and quality of modernization work.

Cotton is the main source of natural fiber worldwide, also seeds to process oil and meal. The fatty acids profile as the part of metabolomics profile of seeds studied in cotton accessions belong to Gossypium hirsutum L. (Upland), G. herbaceum L. (diploid), G. barbadense L. (Pima cotton) grown in South of RF. Gas-liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry used. The digital peaks identification performed by mass spectrum libraries. The research aim was to characterize fatty acids profile of seeds, to select the best cotton cultivars accessions, valuable in seed biochemistry compound. Considered as a part of metabolomics profile linolenic acid tested in greatest amount among other fatty acids. The mean amount reached 117.2 mg 100 g⁻¹ of seed among all studied varieties. The maximum amount reported in Abolin CFN variety, G.hirsutum (197.4). The content of di-unsaturated linoleic acid in Fors and Voitenok FRT reached 186.2 and 85.7 mg 100 g⁻¹ respectively, and Tiamin 82.6 (G. barbadense). Oleic acid mean amount estimated as 70.9, which maximum contents detected in cultivars Cumbazic Maron (naturally colored fiber) and Fors. Improvement of biological activity of cottonseed oil, meals and cakes as well is in focus to implement the trend of healthy food and high-quality feed.

The article considers the possibility of controlling the quality of vegetable oil by electrophysical methods. In model experiments, refined sunflower oil sold in retail was selected as objects of research. During model studies, samples of vegetable oil were oxidized in air at a temperature of 120°C until the values of peroxide value (PV) were close to the maximum allowable 10 μग kg⁻¹. The dependence, allowing evaluating the effect of the polar products of vegetable oil oxidation on the change in the coordinates of the identification point, was determined by the results of these studies. When developing operational control of the degree of purification of vegetable oil at the stages of refining, samples were studied under industrial conditions. In each sample, the values of acid and peroxide values were determined, as well as the coordinates of the identification point. The technical result of these studies is the development of a single operational digital method to establish the degree of purification of vegetable oils with the requirements of current regulatory documentation at the stages of refining.

The presence of counterfeit and pirate goods in circulation, along with original products, has become a worldwide social problem. The task of goods quality and safety assurance is relevant worldwide. The example of products made from wool mixtures of various animals shows the complexity of identifying counterfeit products and the prospects of combating the above negative phenomena by ensuring product traceability throughout the supply chain from manufacturer to consumer using information technology. The quantitative determination of the fibrous composition of precious wool products in mixtures with sheep wool was estimated by optical microscopy, its complexity was shown. Inclusion of products from precious types of wool, including those made in mixtures with sheep wool, in the list of goods subject to mandatory labeling with control and identification tags was proposed.

Here we have studied and estimated the indices of the military personnel thermal state and pieces of military clothes both common and according to body areas (head, arm (shoulder and forearm) hands, hips, lower legs, feet) per unit of clothes area for selection and estimation of materials and structure of the outfit which shall provide the given thermal resistance. The cooling physiological limits and their endpoints were determined, taking into account the discomfort limitation based on warmth sense modalities. Functional indices of the military personnel are determined by the hypothermia criteria. The cold sense modalities of the body were determined based on the calculation of the heat deficit index.

World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that more than 80% of the population in developing countries uses herbal medicine. Modern technologies open up the possibility of controlling the cultivation of medicinal plants for commercial use. The combination of various methods of controlled cultivation is a high-tech and capital-intensive direction for the development of the agricultural industry in Russia. This article considers the selection of optimal conditions for growing of chia seeds sprouts as a multifactor experiment with three incoming factors at two levels. For this study 100 grains of dark varieties of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) purchased from Era Green were used. The 3 major incoming factors include moisture (3, 4 and 5 ml of added water), the temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C), and the light (expose duration for 0, 12 and 24 h) under LED lamps with peaks at 440-450 nm (blue spectrum) and 660 nm (red spectrum). Using different factors, we found that the speed of germination and the seedling vigor were considerably improved. This multifactor model helps to establish more reliable information on the rational ways for obtaining chia seeds sprouts in the conditions of controlled cultivation with high yield.

The problem of the planning of pulp and paper production has been investigated, a complex of model and algorithmic programs as well as a software of an automated system of planning and calculating of the cutting methods on a longitudinal slitting machine (LSM) is expected to be a result of this planning. An integrated model for planning paper production and multi-stage cutting of rolled and sheet products has been proposed based on methods, models and algorithms of optimal cutting from the condition of the ensuring the products orders fulfillment with minimal losses. A scientifically based method and algorithm of generating a set of acceptable ways of rolls cutting, criteria of generating a set of acceptable ways of rolls cutting as well as an integer algorithm of the result of the problem solving have been considered. All real restrictions encountered in the manufacturing sector have been taken into account. The results of the planning models usage for real production process have been presented.

The article considers the possibilities of using infrared (IR) photography to control thermophysical processes in the production of jelly products in order to preserve their antioxidant properties. Jelly products were made on the basis of extracts of squeezed wild berries with the addition of gelatin and sugar. The prepared mixture was heated under various conditions (convective and microwave heating), controlling thermophysical processes using pyrometric sensors and a contact thermometer. Pyrometric sensors of two types were used: field measuring devices (IR camera) and point measurements (IR pyrometer), which minimize the measurement time. The use of the microwave field evenly heated the prepared mixture and stopped heating after the cessation of microwave energy. Convective heating due to thermal inertia exceeded the temperature regime for the manufacture of jelly products, which destroys antioxidants. IR photography, used for test determination of the temperature of the mixture, allows you to instantly determine not only the temperature range, but also record the distribution of thermal energy in the test medium.

The concentration of 18 basic elements (in% by weight) contained in the morphological parts of wheat, rye and triticale grains was studied. It is established that the nature of the distribution of micronutrients is determined by their biological role. The elements are part of enzymes: manganese, iron and zinc prevail in the nucleus. Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium are found in greater quantity in the vital layer of aleurone. Cobalt, nickel, aluminum, calcium, chromium, copper, selenium and cadmium dominate the grain surface. The largest amount of mineral elements in the grain is concentrated in the seed. The distribution of metals in triticale grains is characterized by characteristic patterns of wheat and rye. In the distribution of mineral elements in wheat, rye and triticale grains, differences are observed, which are explained by the specific characteristics of these plants. From the grain studied, cereal bread was prepared unmatched on a thick grain leaven. The analysis of the mineral content of the grain bread showed that it was enriched with all major biogenic mineral elements and contained toxic metals (lead and cadmium) in a quantity not exceeding the CMP. A strong negative correlation has been established between levels of certain biological and toxic elements in grain and in pain. The revealed relationship indicates the possibility of switching from dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a scanning electron microscope system to predict the quality and safety of grain pain, particularly for predicting of the content heavy metals in finished bakery products.

The development of product formulations for the nutrition of young children is a complex and laborious task, the solution of which involves the calculation of the nutritional value of both individual components and the whole product. The article shows a step-by-step way of solving a particular example of designing a product recipe for feeding young children using the standard add-on "Solution Finder" of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor. A special place in the article is given to the formation of a table with the source data. Uncertain factors in the calculation of the formulation are the mass fractions of the raw materials, which should be determined taking into account the objective function and a number of restrictions. Restrictions on the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and water were used as the main parameters for optimizing the formulations for the nutrition of young children, and the cost of the finished product was determined as a function of the goal. As a result of using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet editor, the formula for the baby food with the specified properties was calculated taking into account the installed food components of the mixture, a number of limiting factors and the low cost of the finished product, equal to 98.9 RUB per 1 kg which corresponds to 1.4 Euro per 1 kg at the current exchange rate.

The essential factor determining the innovative development of the digital economy is the intellectual one. Purpose of study: to clarify peculiarities of employees' intellectual resources management and to propose a management system model adequate to the identified specifics. An empirical study was conducted from the infrastructural-reproductive approach and the results were obtained: l) classification of different organizational levels of employees' intellectual resources management at industrial enterprises; 2) identification of various types of personnel policy corresponding to a certain level of organization of management of intellectual resources of employees; 3) assessing the impact of organizational levels of employees' intellectual resources management to employees' intellectualization and results of innovation; 4) arguments of critical conditions for effective management and simulation of employees' intellectual resources management system at innovative industrial enterprises; 5) model of system of management of intellectual resources of employees of innovative industrial enterprises is proposed. The results of the study are useful and necessary for the formation and development of a theoretical and methodological basis for improving the organization of personnel management of innovatively active subjects of the Russian economy.

The paper describes the results of a study (2017-2019) of employees value-motivational meanings applied to financial and credit sector. The purpose of the research was to conduct a sociological analysis of value-motivational meanings and to argue their regulatory role in improving the work efficiency in the context of the economy digitalization. An empirical analysis of the meanings and values of various employee groups was carried out on the basis of the developed author's diagnosing method. The research results include the following: the essence of value-motivational meanings was determined; an improved methodology for their diagnosis has been developed; a comparative analysis of value-motivational meanings, including statistically significant differences were identified; regularities of the value-motivational dynamics of financial and credit organizations are revealed. The main conclusion that was drawn as a result of the study is that in the structure of value-motivational meanings, which are an attribute of the quality and productivity of the work, there are significant differences depending on whether the employee belongs to a particular status or professional qualification group. Analysis, modeling, monitoring of the value-motivational meanings that characterize certain social and professional roles, the comprehension of this information and the application in the social and labor relations regulation are one of the most important components in the process of managing the labor quality and the organizations effectiveness.

Currently, one of the main conditions for the modernization of educational activities and the economy as a whole is the innovative activity of higher education institutions. This article analysed the innovative activities of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Peter the Great, during which it was revealed that despite the rather active development of innovative products by the technical departments, the level of commercialization of the developments is extremely low. The main reason for this phenomenon is weak marketing support, which allows both to predict the demand for certain developments from the market before the implementation of innovative projects and to effectively promote the results of already completed work. To solve this problem, we propose to introduce, on the basis of the Engineering and Economic Institute, the Coordination Centre for the Promotion of University Innovations, which is able to ensure continuous interaction of all departments of the university with the goal of effective commercialization of technologies and developments.

The growing IT market in Russia challenges the education system, requiring it to train highly qualified personnel who are ready to work in the IT industry after graduation. The article contains a research of educational programs in the IT areas of bachelor's, master's and specialist degree, purpose of identifying the focus on the development of professional competencies of an IT specialist. A methodology has been developed for evaluating the focus of educational programs in IT sphere to extend the professional skills of an IT specialist. It includes the research of the share of academic hours devoted to the development of professional competencies, which gives an understanding of the level of graduate's belonging to the IT industry. Results of approbation of method are presented on a basis of educational programs of universities of the Perm region. It's region where the growth of the IT sector market run ahead of the performance for the Russian Federation. The implementation of the methodology will allow comparing the educational programs of different universities, simplifying the assessment and selection process for job applicants and employers. In addition, the methodology can be used by university methodologists to modernization and maintain the relevance of curricula.

Intellectual capital as an economic concept migrated from the stock exchange financial analysis to the economics and corporate governance, and to the studies on the public regulation of innovative growth. Evaluation of intellectual capital forms the basis for making managerial decisions at the both levels of private business and of regulation of social and economic activities in a region or national State. Management at the micro and macro levels needs tools that take into account a wide variety of factors, the diversity of customers' and partners criteria. Fuzzy sets and computing allow analysts to approach the tasks of evaluating intellectual assets and human capital both from the point of view of expert analysis, including expert machine learning, and of studying the mindsets and cognitive maps and behavioural models of participants in business processes about an actor, territory or company, and its ability to produce, transform and use an intelligent product. Neural networks and fuzzy computing are the useful intelligence tools to assess intellectual capital, customer opinion about the product, business reputation and brand. The example of the cognitive modelling presents the results of the evaluations of general business perspectives for the international cooperation given by the master students of double diploma programs, taking into account the common sense and the specific learning achievements within the course.

In terms of health, the main objective of the reproduction of the qualitative military personnel's human capital is the prevention of diseases, including dental ones. The effectiveness of preventive measures for dental diseases depends on the timeliness of the epidemiological dental examination. In the context of medicine digitalization and the opportunity to process large amounts of data, the military personnel's dental health status can be quickly monitored using digital technologies, starting from the early age-the period of cadet schools. The goal of improving the informatization of the medical support system is to increase the availability and quality of medical care to pupils of educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia based on the automation of information interaction between organizations of the RF Armed Forces. We have developed an electronic map for examining the patients' dental health and integrated into the Dental Health Workstation program with the formation of a single electronic patient registry. The resulting database allows us to trace the state of dental health of patients who experience an annual in-depth medical examination throughout the training period, to conduct a medical-statistical analysis, and to determine the factors that reduce dental morbidity. Using the electronic registry improves the quality of dental care for students.

A comparative analysis of the relationship between the development trends of the modern information society and high-tech production in Russia and the world is carried out, the possibilities of intellectualization of the Russian economy in terms of the implementation of the principle of singularity are determined. The authors' attention is focused on studying the development trends of Russian education in a historical perspective and analyzing the development model of human capital in the context of the transition of the world and Russian economies to a new technological structure, the hallmark of which is the general intellectualization of society. Based on the analysis of empirical data, it is concluded that modern society is very different from the society that was characteristic of the last century, which requires a new structure (construction) and a completely different educational content. The necessity of developing a new model of the education system of the XXI century as the basic basis for the development of human capital is justified, taking into account the key features of modern intellectual society and the principle of singularity.

Due to the influence of digitalization and other changes affecting different spheres of people's lives, it became clear that the modern education system must undergo a serious transformation, because the traditional education system is seriously outdated. It is expected that in the near future a significant part of education will be based on modern digital technologies, and the educational process will be implemented with the use of global educational platforms that provide students with the opportunity for global interaction and advanced knowledge and experience. The aim of the study was to formulate the features of industrial and modern education systems, to compare them, as well as to identify a set of competencies that people need to form in order to effectively cope with their professional tasks in the digital age. The issue of the optimal combination of standard educational approaches with the new technologies used in education, which allow to develop competencies that need to be formed among people in order to be in demand in the labour market, is becoming topical.

The paper is dedicated the research of the on line social network Vkontake (as a representative example of social media, the most popular among Russian population). The use of social media is seen as the new innovative tool to help rural people cooperate and and counteract economic, political and social problems of the territory. The hypothesis of the research is that on line social media makes the process among locals, business and authorities possible and easier. One village of the Republic of Karelia was taken as a representative example and akk its group Vkontakte were anylised. The analisis of the group included the content analysis to understand the the theme the most discussed in those groups. The second step of the analysis was to chose the most popular and active groups and then to determine their attitudes towards realizing regional projects. According to the analisys of the most popular posts of the most popular group, we can ascertain, that locals care about the ecological education, better quality environment and cultural education for their territory.

The intensive development of digital technologies and many years' experience in system analysis applied for forming organizational management systems suggest the feasibility of an organizational design adjustment of science-intensive enterprises by applying platform solutions of tensor structure creation.

To make the organizational design effective and to ensure the enterprises' adaptivity to constantly changing market conditions, the new structure should be "grown" on the basis of the existing one, by its adjustment through platform solutions, gradual replacement of priorities and through changing from the traditional management methods, focused on production, to the new methods, focused on the search for the zones of innovative attractiveness and the transfer of technology on the basis of digital technologies.

The article reviews the methods of end-to-end automation of business processes and the basic architecture of telecom operator systems. Nowadays, the main goal of any telecom operator is to minimize manual operations at all stages of the company's operations: from receiving the order for the service to its full activation. However, today any telecom operator already has the necessary infrastructure to carry out its activities. This leads to two possible automation methods: sequential updating of existing system or full "end-to-end" automation. The authors analyze the basic modules of the telecom operator's system and conclude that it is a complex multi-module system. The authors compare the automation methods and justify that full "end-to-end" automation the most profitable automation method in case the telecom operator has decided to completely upgrade all modules of the system.

The virtual teams which are the subject of study becoming more significant in conditions of digitalization. The virtual team possess specific characteristics that determine a number of advantages and disadvantages and also makes changes to the processes of organization, management and control. The members of virtual teams can be divided in area and (or) in time from the position of organization, they can be beyond personal contact with each other and use different software for communication. Despite this the virtual team is endowed with a large grade of independence and the members of virtual team are share, plan and control all types of work by themselves. Most negative factor is the lack of direct communication between group members and this has a significant impact on all the problems and risks of a virtual team according to experts. It is important to implement an absolute indicator of performance evaluation in order to stimulate communication within the team. The authors propose to apply the temporarily oriented indicators as the most objective indicator of virtual team effectiveness evaluation. The advantages of this indicator are: simplicity of calculations, applicability to any teams, relevance in the context of digitalization and the common interest of all team members.

The article looks at the resource approach to strategy of development of enterprises in which priority attention should be given to formation, use and development of its human resources. When passing the administrative decisions the management of the enterprises should consider employees as the most valuable resource in competitive which is necessary to motivate and develop for achievement of strategic purposes of the enterprise. The purpose of the study was to conduct research of the industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg, which allowed to identify a number of problems associated with insufficient attention from the management to human resources of organizations. In addition, the objective was to substantiate the importance of developing digital skills and competencies of modern employees, as well as digital competencies. In modern conditions development of human resources, including their digital competences in line with new tasks of strategic development of the enterprises, becomes a particularly important direction.

The study is aimed to identify the way organizational culture contributes to the students' commitment to the University. In addition, the linkage of organizational identification and commitment is examined. Applying the quantitative methodology to collect the bachelor students' data the questionnaire was constructed. The questionnaire includes measures for identification by Kreiner and Ashforth, Organizational Culture Instrument (OCAI) based on competitive Values Framework (CVF) by Quinn and Cameron and Porter Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). After that, the data analysis was provided with conducting of Cronbach-alpha and T-Test, providing descriptive statistics, applying Spearman correlation analysis and performing structure equitation modeling (SEM). By this token, we were able to build the university commitment model. Our findings show that students are getting more committal to the university, if there is an environment with strong Clan culture, emphasizing human relations and cooperation, with which students tend to identify themselves. Additionally, we defined that Market culture type with ideas of competition and Hierarchy type based on the formal procedures predict a decrease in students' commitment. Moreover, Adhocracy culture as innovation-based is not clearly understood by students. Hence, the discussion and implications are suggested to explain our results.

In the modern world, reputation is the most important intangible asset of the region economy and a dynamic characteristic of its activity. On the one hand, it is a major competitive resource for establishing partnerships with stakeholders. On the other hand, it is a set of opportunities to realize the interests of various target groups as a guarantee for the total implementation of the territory potential.

The difficulty of building a holistic place image is related to the need to take into account a large number of indicators that are not always quantifiable. Only measurable parameters can be managed, so there is a need to create a relevant tool to assess the place reputation. In order to develop and manage an effective strategy, it is necessary not only to distinguish basic indicators, but also to analyze the reputation building mechanism as well as the factors influencing this process.

Three main factors form the global attitude to the territory: attractive environment, efficient management, and developed economy. However, the parameters to differentiate these groups vary when evaluating the reputation of countries and megacities. First of all, it concerns the information and communication space, where the work of mass media and social media is of maximum importance. Subjectifying the target groups' attitude to their region, different types of media form the place image in the opinion of each member of a society. The article presents approaches that determine the crucial indexes that can affect the place reputation. So qualitative and quantitative methods of publications assessment allow us to understand the peculiarities in forming the ideological components of the place image in order to be able to monitor the building of a place reputation.

This paper considers the concept of professional creativity as the ability of staff to express intended creativity in given conditions in order to achieve certain goals. The article also examines methodological features of assessment of professional creativity which makes up the basis of creative potential at an organization in the conditions of digitalization. The authors conclude that it is necessary to improve the existing analytical tools to boost the efficiency of staff management. Key parameters of professional creativity assessment are substantiated: flexibility, originality, curiosity, interdisciplinary erudition, systems thinking, cross-industry communication. The research suggests an assessment methodology of "creative al pari" (compatibility of creative potential with a profile of professional creativity) on the basis of key parameters that include four following stages: preparation of k-assignments and profiles of professional creativity at certain positions; evaluation of k-assignments performed by staff members and development of their professional creativity portrait; selection of candidates for their future inclusion in staff reserve in accordance with their grades or for hiring ones due to minimum deviations from standard figures defined for the vacancy. This paper discovers specific features of the individual "creative al pari" assessment, based on utility function, aa well as the "creative al pari" assessment in the organization. The latter, in its turn, allows to establish an absolute, conditional or critical discrepancy between creative potential of staff and a profile of professional creativity at the organization. As a result of the research, the authors make a conclusion about the possible areas to apply the developed technique. They include: recruitment process, formation of staff reserve, recertification or training in service organizations.

Human capital is linked to intellectual capital, so professional education is an important element in the process of training future professionals ready to develop innovations. The synergy of university education and work-based learning is necessary for the development of human capital. The creation of integrated educational projects takes into account this feature. To study the impact of these projects on human capital development, the authors conducted a four-stage research. According to the results of the study, universities want to realize their scientific potential and prepare in-demand young professionals, businesses need to hire experienced professionals focused on innovation. The needs of a young specialist are obtaining relevant knowledge and practical skills for employment. Integrated educational projects bring together numerous audiences, contribute to meeting their needs by connecting academic education, practice-oriented knowledge and practical skills through various learning formats. These projects contribute to the development of human capital, as the participants-students of these projects are more prepared for professional activities. Universities with the help of such projects develop a partner network, increase their own attractiveness and the overall level of knowledge of students. Business companies receive young professionals with practical skills and developed creative thinking.

The article discusses the conceptual aspects of applying various approaches to talent management. It should be noted that most of the methods and technologies of talent management described in science are quite inflexible, since they do not take into account the influence of modern trends and are more focused on long-term strategic planning. The main focus of this paper is to attain a clear picture of global talent management as an integral part of personnel management in the conditions of Industry 4.0 enablers and barriers, and to establish the link between application of the concepts of exclusive and inclusive approaches in modern conditions. Conclusions are presented regarding their compatibility and feasibility of application in a modern organization. Based on the concepts of action analysis authors isolated the main destinations, which must determine the development of talents management theory. This has made possible the human-machine interconnection in Cyber-physical systems context utilizing the information generated from different smart devices. Under current conditions in this article these are the trends of the modern economy, including digital transformation and the exponential pace of development affecting the management mechanisms within the organization, which must also quickly adapt to new conditions. With regard to talent management, this means that the personnel management system should increase its flexibility in assessing and developing the potential of employees.

The power of the country and society is determined not only by the size of the country, the availability of natural resources, the power of financial capital, but also embodied in the human stock of knowledge and skills, intelligence and creativity. The driving force of social development is the human factor, which gives the economy an innovative and intensive character, structural dynamism, high quality.

In the modern world, man and his development is not only a factor that creates social wealth, but also a criterion for the progressiveness of socio-economic transformations in society.

Man and his abilities have traditionally played a leading role in social reproduction. However, the intensification of the processes of intellectualization and Informatization of economic relations has led to qualitative changes in the content of knowledge, skills and processes of their implementation.

At the end of XX-beginning of XXI centuries there is the need for further development of ideas about human resources, have undergone qualitative changes under the influence of the processes of intellectualization, the role of the state in regulating the sphere of education, aimed at creating prerequisites for the development of human capacities as a key factor of formation of competitive advantages of national economy in whole and its constituent territorial entities.

The study determined that in order to ensure the quality of human capital and its effective use, the state needs to develop measures that promote the development of competitiveness of human capital, promote employment of graduates of educational institutions and ensure joint work of Universities and enterprises while training specialists in accordance with the real requirements of the labor market in the country.

The introduction of high-tech solutions leads to a change in the format and content of almost any work, as well as a rethinking of approaches to staff planning. There is a need for a special financial and economic analysis of the object and preparation of key financial indicators standards for business planning. This calculation is based on the results of an external financial analysis without taking into account planned changes in the personnel of the enterprise and options for increasing labor productivity. The goal of the research is to propose a methodology and apply in practice for external financial analysis and calculation of the regulatory budget, taking into account the forecast of personnel changes and growth in labor productivity. To develop a business plan for the withdrawal of the enterprise from the crisis, it is necessary to have a regulatory framework for planned financial and economic indicators of the company's development. The article proposes a methodology for the development and monitoring of such indicators in the form of a "normative budget, taking into account the forecast of personnel changes and productivity growth", tested by the authors in real situations. The authors recommend the development of a regulatory budget for this on the basis of the monitoring model "to cover the necessary net profit and dividend payments, taking into account the forecast of personnel changes and growth in labor productivity."

The development of a digital economy based on effective work with big data, intel-ligent digital platforms, artificial intelligence, robotics technology and 3D printing requires the formation and improvement the level of employees' competence as a set of new high-quality competencies. In recent years, the term "digital competence" has become a key one in discus-sions about what skills and knowledge are needed in a modern knowledge society. The term "Digital competency" has various interpretations in academic literature, in the practice of teaching, training and certification. In this article, we analyze the concept of "digital compe-tence" and related terms as well as possible ways of its formation. Moreover, we consider an example of the "digital competence" formation that has developed at the SPbPU Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Center of NTI. It is important to note that we distinguish the con-cepts of "digital competence" and "digital literacy". These concepts are not identical, but "digi-tal competency" concept is considered as a key. In this article, we prove that the most suitable approach to training staff for the digital economy is formation of fundamental knowledge as well as developing applied skills. Due to digital platforms, the applied skills realizes funda-mental knowledge through solving practical problems and challenges in the global high-tech market of products and services.

The Arctic is of high significance for the economy, politics, ecology and technological development not only of the countries that have Arctic territories, but of the whole world as well. As long as the Arctic remained one of the most inaccessible places on the planet, scientific theories about its geopolitical and economic significance were perceived as pure abstraction. But the climate warming, melting of the Arctic ice and the development of technologies has led to the fact that all these natural resources have become accessible. Those states that develop the Arctic resources most effectively will get greater economic and hence political power. This actualizes the presented paper. The object of the research is the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to reveal various aspects of the geopolitical significance of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. In order to achieve this, the following interrelated problems have been solved: scientific criteria for the identification of the Arctic Zone have been presented; basic characteristics of the Arctic have been determined; economic, political and technological aspects of the Arctic geopolitical importance for the Russia have been identified and analyzed; some innovative features of management of the Arctic Zone have been determined.

In the article, the concept of creating a digital clone to support the development of the Arctic territories, based on the representation of the territory in the form of target subspaces and modelling of the development of the territory in the form of a three-level model, is presented. The Arctic space is divided into target subspaces in accordance with the institutional-functional approach. In other words, the Arctic space is represented by a combination of systems, structures and their functions. The Arctic space comprises a holistic system, in which each element performs its relevant function. The function of the Arctic space consists in the ability to meet specific social needs. Human activities in the Arctic space are organised on the basis of institutions. In a general sense, the entire Arctic space can be said to consist of institutions and functions. The first level of the model represents the branch structure of the economy of the Arctic region. The second level consists of the target subspaces: "territories for the extraction of mineral resources", "territories for recreational purposes", "territories for fishing". The third level shows the relationship between the target subspaces and the country's economy.

The Arctic region plays a crucial role in climate management in other parts of the world. Global warming and climate change affect the state of many natural ecosystems and thus-the state of the biosphere as a whole, the biosphere conditions of human existence. The article was analyzed the sources of risks of polar regions due to the warming of the Arctic climate. Modern scientific research related to climate change, which is the determining cause of the warming of the Earth's climate are analyzed. Climate change caused by the industrial development of mankind has taken place too quickly over the past 100 years, and modern society can no longer ignore this problem. There is a risk of further increase in average temperature, so, by 2050, a special danger is the destruction of ice sheets. The author highlighted the risks affecting climate change and among them CO2 is the main anthropogenic factor caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Measures are proposed to solve the problem to continue the sustainable development of the Arctic territories and reduce the degree of risk.

The main objective of the study is to work out a set of measures to improve the Northern Sea Route (NSR) with an account of the existing trends in its development. Moreover the graph theory has been applied in order to select for the optimal development roadmap. This work is based on the graph theory that is applied to the issues of constructing a strategy for the development of complex economic and logistic systems. The article studies some essential issues of formation and selection of the development and modernization strategy of transport and logistics routes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the main Arctic route-the Northern Sea Route. Based on the study of the main development problems of this transport corridor, the work proposes a consistent series of steps that include such measures as upgrading the existing NSR infrastructure, increasing its capacity, creating of an information system that ensures safe and efficient navigation, as well as corresponding changes in legislation in order to create special economic port areas. According to the authors, these steps will significantly improve the competitiveness of the NSR compared to alternative transport and logistics corridors. The study also proposes an algorithm for choosing the most optimal way of strategy implementation, which will make it possible to achieve the main goal-to ensure the NSR capacity at the level of 30 million tons of cargo per year by 2030. The materials presented in the article indicate the special importance of the Arctic transport and logistics corridors for the socio-economic development of the country and the respective regions. One of the most important transport arteries in the Arctic is the Northern Sea Route. The article analyzes the development dynamics, problem aspects, as well as the prospects for the future of the NSR. Based on the graph theory the authors have proposed a methodology for choosing the strategy of modernization and development of the NSR up to 2030.

The author describes the role of global problems in global economic relations, which are changing rapidly in the active world that affects the structure of global problems. This process is ongoing: in the course of it, some global problems lose their former importance and are reduced to the level of regional in scale and private in importance and the importance of others, on the contrary, increases. Moreover, new global problems are constantly arising and conceptualizing and some of them grow (upon reaching global, planetary proportions) from regional and private problems, the danger of which was underestimated, at one time. Others arise as a response of the system to sharp changes in its development accompanied by inevitable distortions, errors, miscalculations, modernization, carried out through the destruction and breaking of previous structures and etc. All this creates a kind of cycle of global problems in nature, which makes it difficult to identify and classify them. In the present article, the concept of classification of global problems of the Arctic in the system of world economic relations of the world. The author proposed a methodological approach and its classification of global problems of the Arctic.

The principal problems of geopolitical and socio-cultural development of the Arctic are analyzed and illustrated with the example of Russia in this study. The authors identified and singled out three of the most acute among them: islamization, digitalization and transformation of the Arctic space in the era of the Fourth industrial revolution and the technological structures' change. The present study is based on the method of comparative analysis, as well as on axiomatic and empirical definitions, built on the basis of civilization theory, reflecting the problems of technological change, and the theory of innovations diffusion suggested by a Swedish geographer T. Hagerstrand. The current trend is that all issues of Islamic regionalism today are resolved exclusively from the position of force and direct military influence. At the same time, the growth of the Muslim population in the region and the spread of Islamic regionalism ideas make the Arctic and Subarctic region of the Russian Federation a zone of potential development, while the risks of confessional tension are about the same as everywhere else, with the development potential being higher.

The article discusses the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the global and Russian economies through the changes occurring in the global energy market and the opportunities that open up in the development of the natural resources of the Arctic. As part of this, the trends introduced by new technological capabilities and global warming with their impact on the industrial development of the Arctic zone are identified and investigated. Of particular interest is associated with the extraction of natural gas and its delivery to consumers using the advantages of the Northern Sea Route. According to the authors, the expected increase in demand for energy, especially liquefied natural gas (LNG), is a consequence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which requires adequate action on the part of its suppliers. The authors indicate that strengthening Russian positions in the LNG market makes it possible to increase the stability of this global market. This meets the interests of all of its key actors, especially the countries that form the largest demand for this product. The article concludes that, along with increasing Russia's global competitiveness, this will ensure the sustainability of the world market against the background of the advantages that the Fourth Industrial Revolution brings.

This article provides a detailed description of the Yamal LNG project, including a general description of the project, supply geography, project infrastructure including port, airport and settlement of Sabetta as wll as resource base of the project and LNG transportation routes. Opportunity of the new North-South transport corridor for LNG transportation is considered. The issues of gasification of the Arctic zone of Russia using LNG were also studied including LNG transportation facilities, shore storage systems, floating gas storage and floating power plants. Strategic analysis of Russian Arctic LNG projects was carried out. Conclusions have been made on the localization of production of critical equipment for LNG production as well as the opportunities of export of Russian gas liquefaction technology to world markets. Also the localization of shipbuilding for the needs of Arctic LNG projects, the diversification of LNG sales routes, the use of LNG as a transport fuel and the gasification of a number of Russian regions using the LNG logistics infrastructure were offered.

The paper describes features of the development of the social sphere of the Arctic countries. Almost four million people live in the Arctic. The Arctic includes part of the territories of eight countries: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States of America. The Arctic is also home to dozens of indigenous groups. To develop strategies for the development of the Arctic territories, it is important to compare the features of the development of the social sphere of the Arctic countries. The paper provides a list of indicators evaluating the development of the social sphere. The methodology of a comparative analysis of the convergence or divergence of indicators of the social sphere of eight Arctic countries is described. An analysis of the existence of convergence / divergence of indicators of the social sphere is carried out. The analysis was carried out using three methods: σ – convergence; absolute β – convergence; conditional β – convergence. The results of the analysis are discussed.

The article presents an analysis of the development of a foreign economic strategy as it affects the Arctic region. The foreign economic development strategy of the Arctic regions is embodied in their modelling on the basis of the institutional environment and the Road Map for the Development of the Foreign Economic Activity of the Region. Six areas of the institutional environment are studied: production and economic, innovative and technological, demographic, social, political and spiritual. The methodology for building the model includes a number of steps: setting goals and objectives; environmental analysis of the Arctic region; development of a model according to the levels of the Arctic space; empirical verification of the model; development of a Road Map; generalization and formulation of conclusions. An empirical verification of the model is carried out on the example of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The model of foreign economic development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by a system of six equations for the number of six areas of the institutional environment. The system of six equations is a system of interdependent econometric equations, each of which is an ADL model.

The authors identify and re-evaluate some of the necessary factors, conditions and key indicators of development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, important in identifying challenges in the development of technologies and innovations. It is shown that in modern conditions it is necessary to actively introduce breakthrough technologies, to identify opportunities for formation, organization, financing and management of priority directions of the economic development. Result of research. As part of the search for management solutions, the change in indices and indicators of development and forecasting of the Arctic zone of Russia has been studied. Conclusions are due to research, analysis, identification of problems of scientific and technological development of the Arctic zone of Russia. Recommendations for the development of a new Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Arctic Region are presented. New tools and mechanisms to achieve the competitiveness of Arctic projects are needed to transition to a new technological order and develop spectacular scientific technologies.

The study defines the program-targeted and project approach to Russian Arctic strategy management to Arctic complex as a large system of tasks and challenges in the unstable and high-risk environment. Characteristic of current conditions (sanctions), preventing Russia from reaching the economy 4.0 level via national projects of digitalization and import substitution are given as well as Russia's technological partners, including China. It is proposed to define Arctic zone projects: on the targeting basis - as a set of global, regional and national goals and social tasks, and on the content basis - as a set of consulting, technological and infrastructure solutions. Sources of innovation, Arctic trending forecast, a role of Russia as a producer of exclusive goods from scratch (ice-breakers) have been revealed. Also the 22 flagship technological projects in Russian Arctic of 2019, including AI projects, collected by the authors are analyzed as a big system. The illustration of revolutionary technological leap from automation to artificial intellect level through adaptation of the existing military and civil technologies to Russian Arctic's needs is given. The study shows how important today is not only to be the Arctic experts but Arctic creators and educators with eco-philosophy, based on global collaboration and responsibility for global ecology. Arctic insurance business is forecasted as a new trend. The levels of project subordination and reasons for Russia's linking to the long-term technological chains without an international labor division have been identified, including the situations when the dependence on imported technologies have been reduced. The methods of creating conditions for technological breakthrough are proposed, including the non-anchor (non-sanctions) approaches.

The sustainable development of Russian Arctic requires new approaches to the planning and organisation of government initiatives. In this article, we discuss the Arctic region in terms of a system of interconnected elements (subareas), each having its specific development goals and features. The subareas of the Russian Arctic are classified into 7 types according their characteristics. A synergistic basis for sustainable development is formed by the combination of subareas' development goals into a comprehensive programme using a programme-objective method. A development programme for the Arctic subareas based on a tree structure is advanced and possible development goals identified. It is concluded that a synergistic effect can be created by connecting Arctic subareas with each other in order to facilitate mutually beneficial interaction. A classification of the Arctic region according to its analytical decomposition in accordance with its specific functions and features is proposed. Types of subareas are: a) main towns – urban areas having a population of at least 1000 people having various infrastructure, buildings and structures; b) settlements; c) mineral and fossil fuel deposits; d) recreational areas and tourist attractions; e) fishing and reindeer herding areas; f) Northern Sea Route (NSR); g) objects of civil protection.

The article discusses the current stage of transition to digitization, the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the industrial revolution, gives a brief description of technological structures in the world of technical and economic development. The natural resource-based economies of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation are quite similar; therefore, it is appropriate to take into consideration positive aspects of development and share of experiences between the two countries, including that in the field of forming and developing digitization. The main condition for the transformation of the national and global economy into an electronic format is the level of development of the ICT industry. In the article the level and dynamics of the basic indicators of the functioning of the ICT sector in Kazakhstan are analyzed. The analysis of the share of production and services in the ICT industry in relation to GDP in dynamics is presented. GDP dependence on production volumes and ICT services is analyzed using economic-mathematical modelling. Recommendations on using the research results for other territories, including the Russian Arctic zone are given.

The present article considers a concept and mechanism for managing the digital transformation of Arctic target subspaces and spheres of vital activity. The necessary and sufficient conditions for choosing the concept and mechanism for managing the digital transformation of the development of the Arctic target subspaces and spheres of life are considered. The necessary conditions for the innovative and technological development of the Arctic territory, as well as the choice of concept and management mechanism, stem from the requirements of a set of measures that sustain human activity under the extreme conditions of the Arctic. Sufficient conditions for innovative technological development are determined by technological capabilities combined with a sufficient volume of investment in the global economy. The conceptual provisions of digital transformation are based on two main areas: (a) Industry 4.0 strategies adopted in various countries; (b) the main technological trends in the field of digital transformation of industry in the global economy. A schematic infrastructure for digital transformation of the technology-product life cycle of target subspaces and spheres of vital activity is presented along with a mechanism for managing the digital developmental transformation of Arctic target subspaces and spheres of life.

The purpose of this article is to analyse food security of the Russian Arctic regions' inhabitants. International context consideration allows to show some contradictions in food security concept understanding, that FAO and Russian political elite have. Social disproportions in economic affordability and physical availability of food, consumer preferences and behaviour are revealed. The article addresses original empirical data, statistical regression and factor analysis to examine consumers' behavioural features, associated with economic inaccessibility of vital food products. It is noted that families with three or more children constantly economize, not buying the necessary amount of meat and meat products, fish and seafood, fruits and berries. Research results indicate that the governmental food security policy should be adapted to the realities of Arctic region inhabitants. We pay special attention to the need to shift the food security concept from external threats and hunger to threats that local population face every day. This problem is particularly relevant for the Russian Arctic zone residents.

The paper considers the problems of systematization, analysis and modeling of various network forms of business organization in the form of transnational integrated economic systems operating in difficult Arctic conditions. The formation of a single organization in the form of network interaction of national economic systems allows to reduce the cost of activities, generate a synergistic effect of joint activities and consider the interests of different countries forming such structures. Network organization of activities is an important area of economic development which allows one to take into account climatic, organizational and structural difficulties. It also forms effective interactions of national participants in such an international business network. It coordinates the interests of those strategic zones (Arctic territories), to which the participants of the network organization apply their strategies. Such a network form of organization requires the formation of a structure with special management factors. The classification of network forms of organization of complexly structured economic systems is carried out, flat (linear) networks and spatial networks are determined. The definition of network structures is given, generalized models of network system forms are given.

The article discusses the problems and features of the legal regulation of environmental management in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Far North of the Arctic. Due to their geographical location, climatic conditions and underdeveloped infrastructure, these entities were and remain problematic regions in terms of subsoil use. It is indicated that the legal and legislative practice of the Arctic states themselves plays the leading role in the legal status of the Arctic. At the same time, international treaties should be applied taking into account the references to regional agreements contained in them. According to the authors, the regulation of the relations of subsoil use for exploration and production of the main types of minerals should be carried out with the active participation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which may contribute to the rational and integrated use of subsoil. It is proposed to add and amend the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.

The concept of circular economy has factually become a cornerstone for describing a necessary redesign of a hypothetic Arctic industrial eco-system or geosocioeconomic (GSE) system to get to a better sustainability. Given the quarter-century-old post-Soviet hibernation of Russian Arctic politics, the authors have largely focused their research on an analysis of relevant foreign sources. These sources were grouped by the following topics: (1) a model of the circular economy as the most suitable for such a remote and vulnerable region as the Arctic; (2) modifying the model of consumers' consumption taking into account the main principles of circular economy; and (3) creating a mental sustainability construct in the mind of sustainability stakeholders with emphasis on current and future students. Despite the fact that consumers' consumption holds a prominent role on the way toward the sustainable development of Arctic regions the said role is not well accounted for in the literature on circular economy. This paper contains the appeal to continue studying thoroughly the relationship between consumers' consumption and building a circular economy in the light of implementing the concept of sustainable development, which is especially important for the Arctic. The paper is supplied with graphic materials that could have a didactic value.

The efficiency of work processes is an important factor in company success and economic growth. Many companies are still using inefficient processes due to a lack of knowledge or defective implementation. The processes that rely upon intellectual labor, such as software development or management activities, are often undocumented, which makes them difficult for optimization. We present a method of tracking of the psychophysical state and activities of employees and providing them feedback intended to optimize the work process for work efficiency and user well-being. We use recorded traces of the user actions, including the created artifacts, and detect the psychophysical states on the base of data acquired from portable devices, including fitness wrist bands and EEG sensors. The method has been implemented in a hardware and software system whose architecture we describe in this paper. The system has been developed for the software engineering industry, but the method itself applies to other domains as well. We show how to adapt the proposed approach to different types of working environments and business processes. As the efficiency of the work process is a major factor contributing to the industrial and economic modernization, we discuss the ways to apply the method to business processes that are important for the Arctic region of Russia.

The new technologies of measuring the biological indicators and the progress of neuron-communications help to better connect the emotional, intellectual and physiological parameters of the body and brain activity. The emerging research techniques include the biofeedback which enables to define audience's attention, students' engagement, and offers a more thorough understanding of the learning process. The paper presents the results of the experiments related to the assessment of distance and classroom learning and to the measurement of the consequences for the perceptive, cognitive and volition features of students after both types of work – with physical participation of a teacher and with autonomous studying material through computer. The CMS (Current Mental State) technique in the form of a hardware-software biofeedback complex was used to obtain an unbiased evaluation of the students' emotional and mental state and well-being. The result of this quantitative research was a set of parameters displaying the current mental state of the participants and showing the students' reaction to the learning material and environment. The practical significance of the CMS study is to deepen the understanding of the perceptive and cognitive processes through the different forms of educational activity.

In this paper, we propose a learning model that is comprised of an advanced combination of pedagogic methods and techniques to realize a CLIL methodology at higher education institutions. Introduction of CLIL approach to the delivery of International Business discipline for the four-year students of the 1st cycle resulted in negative outcomes compared to the previous experience of teaching through non-CLIL courses. To reveal the reasons of discipline outcomes decrease we conducted several surveys for the CLIL course students and their course coordinator. Students completed an online test with close and open-ended questions; the course coordinator passed an oral interview. We carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data obtained and then identified the weaknesses of the CLIL course implementation. To improve the educational process, students' performance and their learning outcomes, we developed an integrated learning model that is built on a CLIL methodology as a framework and flipped classroom activities, project-based learning as pedagogic tools for creating a blended learning environment. We assume that the use of this model will stimulate students in professional knowledge and skills acquisition and also drive them to continuous education, raise of self-efficacy and motivation.

The article analyzes the key tasks of training specialists in the field of communication. The authors consider the results of research in the professional environment and among students, analyze the possibilities of digital technologies in the development of the specialty. The result of the article is a comprehensive model of digital resource aimed at improving the quality of information interaction between public relations and media communications, expanding the knowledge and skills of communicators, the formation of an information base and professional community for the development of specialists in the field of communications, increasing the efficiency of their activities, increasing public importance and relevance of the profession in the new conditions of the digital economy.

The relevance of this study and its social significance are due the need to improve the readiness of the foreign first-year students for the learning process in educational environment of a Russian technical university. The purpose of the article is to develop an interactive technology of pedagogical assistance, identifying the features of adaptation of foreign first-year students. To assess the adaptation process we estimated: students' motivation toward science learning, their abilities of self-regulation in the learning process and classroom climate. The effectiveness of the proposed model is confirmed by the results of a pedagogical experiment, using proven, valid questionnaires on the subject of the study. On the basis of the obtained results, it is proved that to improve the quality of training of foreign students, it is necessary to take into account their motives, cognitive style of mastering the educational material, the used educational strategies and features of the organization of communication in the educational group. Most effectively, these factors can be taken into account in the organization of pedagogical assistance of the adaptation process through the electronic educational environment of university.

The paper deals with the main problems and prospects of using e-learning technologies in the Russian education in the training of engineers of the XXI century. The factors hindering the development of a clear and consistent conceptual framework for the research are revealed as well as contradictions in the results of studies on the use of e-learning, the lack of justification for the effectiveness of the new e-learning technologies. The revealed contradictions allowed to formulate the purpose of the study, associated with the need to create a technology in order to overcome the observed problems for students of technical specialties. A technology to overcome motivational, didactic and activity barriers in the blended training of engineers is offered. The research methodology is based on the competence approach to the implementation of the educational process. Scientific methods include the analysis and content generalization of pedagogical and methodical literature. The results of the experiment proved the fact that e-learning is an effective instrument to level motivational, didactic and activity barriers. The results of the study and materials can be used in the preparation of educational programs aimed at the development of e-learning technologies, as well as for the adjustment of their content.

Management mechanisms of education systems require improvement and modern approaches to the process of modeling management strategies and tactics. The need to develop constructive model for managing multilingual higher education is one of the priority tasks of modern didactics, management and social psychology. Pedagogical management is necessary for the formation of mechanisms enabling educational services quality assessment and their relevance on the global market. In this paper, the authors use the constructive research method that gives an opportunity to implement comprehensive methodological modeling of multilingual education system management. The constructive method provides implementation of several functions of educational management model in a higher school: design, information and analytical, prognostic, motivational-objective, monitoring and diagnostic, regulatory. The main result of the study is designing of the constructive management model of multilingual education of foreign students, including managerial level, target component, elements of constructive management, training modules, the system of methodological indicators, constructive linguodidactic technology. The effectiveness of theoretical results is confirmed by the experimental work that was carried out for six months in study groups at the Institute of Humanities in Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University.

At present, due to significant attention of the employers in the IT sphere to key competencies of University graduates the system of professional communicative competence formation is required. This paper presents an overall design and implementation scheme of the course "Translation in the Field of Professional Communication" as an integral part of the cycle of disciplines in the area of "Infocommunication Technologies and Communication Systems". The foreign language intersubject status is strengthened by the developed course. The paper focuses on basic components of this course providing integrity of educational process. Based on theoretical and practical approaches: study of psychological and pedagogical literature; analysis and synthesis of theoretical generalization of research results, comparison and interpretation of new facts and specific manifestations of the research subject, abstracting, questioning, testing, observation, pedagogic experiment and statistical data processing methods the efficiency of a proposed experimental training system was confirmed. Its positive influence on the level of acquisition of knowledge in the English language discipline and, correspondingly, on formation of the professional communicative competence of a software engineer and on development of positive motivation for professional activity was analysed. Besides, the development of positive motivation for the self-development of the personality and for the growth of interest in communication was described.

Bilingual teacher education is a relatively new area of scientific research. Although different theories and models to language teacher education abound, they are quite fragmented, thus, their implementation in the academic context of pre-service language teachers' education demands further analysis and research. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to develop an integrative multifunctional model and support it with sequenced steps of its implementation. The multifunctional model, developed by the authors, consists of core components, such as knowledge, context and level of management and demonstrates an integrative approach that enables the balanced combination of diverse teaching techniques at different levels of teacher training. To check the model validity, action research has been adopted as method to organize the course of experiment in collaboration with quantitative and qualitative methods to gather and analyze the data. The research resulted in the following findings: the theoretical and practical knowledge has improved by 28% and 14% respectively whereas the levels of performance achievement and significance have reached 72 %, 72% and 60% accordingly. It can be interpreted as the development of theoretical and practical knowledge, reflective and analytical skills as well as confidence in teaching practice.

Corpus linguistics technology is considered from the linguodidactic perspective. Discussion of the results of extensive empirical research into efficient ways of teaching EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students to interpret idioms has been presented. The research comprises three steps: ascertaining, educational and control experiments. The aim of the paper is to investigate the efficiency of corpus linguistic technology as a tool in developing corpus-based idioms' interpretation skill (CBIIS). The methodology has been tested on the EFL students of Bachelor study programs in Civil Engineering, Electrical and Electrical Power Engineering, Machine-building and Information Science and Computer Engineering implemented by Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University in the years 2018-2019. The author shares personal experience of how to use corpus linguistics technology in foreign language teaching, presents a set of corpus-based exercises and describes the procedure of the learners' work with the basic corpus tools while interpreting idioms. The result of the educational experiment shows that the average level of the CBIIS proficiency has increased that confirms the hypothesis of the research on the effectiveness of corpus linguistic technology as a tool in teaching idioms' interpretation to EFL students.

The article is focused on the issue of adaptation of novice university teachers. The purpose of this study is: 1. to assess the professional readiness of the novice university educators; 2. to find out the problems they face in professional, psychological and motivational spheres; 3. to compare the frequency of the detected problems within the groups of novice teachers with 1-3 year and 3-5 year experience. The article presents the results of a study conducted among novice educators (N 40) at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Results made it possible to figure out the main problems teachers face in professional, psychological and motivational spheres of induction process. Comparison of novice teachers (1-3 year experience) and young teachers (3-5 year experience) resulted in the findings that although there is a positive tendency in all the spheres of adaptation, the difference between the values of novice and young teachers is in most cases statistically insignificant. It makes it possible to conclude that university educator with experience of about 5 years still need support that can be provided by mentoring and individual assistance, performed in the form of on-the-job training, instructional interactions with mentors and experienced colleagues.

The subject of research covered in this paper is a method of teaching a foreign language as a means of enhancing students' cognitive activity as well as development of their creative and intellectual abilities. The interactive method of teaching is observed as a form of the cognitive activity reflecting relevant phenomena of the modern reality. The paper is mainly focused on the methodology of conducting classes using such an interactive teaching method as a language game in order to develop lexical, grammatical and phonetic competence of students. The potential of a language game as an interactive teaching method (communicative approach) is demonstrated through studying headlines of French newspapers in the context of teaching the French language to linguistic students. Various interpretations of the "language game" concept have been compiled on the basis of up-to-date academic literature. Several levels of language game comprehension and translation are analyzed including the following ones: word-formation, idiomatic and phonetic. Examples of newspaper headlines are provided in order to scrutinize lexical and stylistic figures of speech (e.g. personification, metaphor, comparison, oxymoron, pun) as well as set expressions and syntactic constructions. Methodological guidelines for applying a language game as an interactive teaching method are offered. The paper is aimed at teachers of higher professional education institutions.

One of the most significant trends in higher education today is combining conventional classroom instruction with online learning, or blended learning. Implementing blended learning for foreign language teaching has proven effective due to a variety of factors. Universities in Russia also switch to this new teaching model and design online courses to accompany and support traditional full-time teaching. In accordance with the SPbPU Provision on online-learning, a blended course of General English was launched in the Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade (IIMET). The paper describes the aspects of course development and its structure. With the aim of evaluating the pilot blended project, we have conducted a survey to define the complexity level and elicit the most difficult aspects of the course, give account of students' motivation level and ability to work self-consistently and responsibly, and measure the satisfaction level with the course. Test results show that much bigger number of students in pilot groups got excellent and good grades which increased by 40% compared to the results of control groups. Although some aspects of the experimental course were rather challenging and caused some complications, the majority of students opted for blended learning model, as it gives more flexibility, convenience and allows students to achieve good learning outcomes.

Academic mobility is becoming increasingly popular for students and provides great opportunities to communicate with other people, get useful knowledge and experience and practice using a foreign language. Education abroad includes listening to lectures as one of the most common way of presenting information. Thus, students need preparation to understand foreign lecturers and be successful in their studies. Having studied 30 online lectures from diverse MOOCs, the authors identified that their structure is similar to traditional lectures. Consequently, the research was done with the use of academic lectures from the MOOC «Thermodynamics» to teach the experimental group of students from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. For conducting the research the authors used a pedagogical experiment and descriptive statistical methods to analyse data received (T-statistics, chi-square and Fisher's test). As a result, students from the experimental group showed better findings of listening comprehension skills with the average score of 65,5% compared to 44,4% of the control group. Moreover, the experimental group showed improvement in listening comprehension skills from the average score of 43% at the initial stage to 65,5% at the end of the experiment proving the effectiveness of learning activities the authors designed and used.

The presented article refers to the results of the "on-going" implementation of an educational model on the basis of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), aimed not only at the language and professional skills amplifying, but also at developing a range of such personal characteristics, as independence, critical thinking, quick decision making, and lifelong professional self-development. In the "soft" version of the CLIL model, learning is controlled by the language itself, the entire curriculum of the discipline is guided by it. In order to boost the efficiency of the above-mentioned model the authors, after analysing the theoretical works, consider mobile technologies as a sufficient learning and creating tool. The experiment training conducted at Saint-Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Saint-Petersburg and its findings revealed a great didactic potential behind the mobile note-taking apps (namely, Evernote) and a high tendency of increase in the engineering students' writing and reading skills, necessary to perform their professional duties on top.

The current stage of education modernization involves increasing student activity as a subject of the educational process, which should help to increase its independence and responsibility for the result. The research problem is the insufficient level of motivation and involvement in modern educational forms and technologies offered by the university and used in the learning process, which is noted today among young students. The research method is a monitoring sociological survey of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University students. The opinion poll is aimed at assessing students' satisfaction with their education and at determining the level of their activity in the choice of academic disciplines, the implementation of educational forms and technologies, and the practical and creative development of the professional field competencies. The results of sociological surveys reflect the unused reserve of student activity, creativity potential along with the positive dynamics of independence, which is combined with a stable level of satisfaction with the training. This allows us to raise the question of increasing flexibility in the management of educational space, the wider inclusion of creative technologies and self-organizing processes, and taking advantage of a practice-oriented approach.

Induced by the rise of technology level due to automation processes growth in industries, the coming forth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) will inevitably bring along dramatic changes in job market. Among new jobs a language worker is definitely a competitive one, yet little is done today both in education and industry to provide a proper training for this "job of tomorrow". The paper focuses on supportive competences and practice conditions of a trained language worker prepared to perform information and text processing in Industry/Information 4.0 space. This paper considers IT and Web resources potential to be used by would-be language workers in their practice and studies. Methodological analysis is based on theoretical and practical conclusions about applied linguistics development which deals with knowledge engineering, i.e. methods and means of extracting, presenting, structuring and using of knowledge. In the framework discussed the focus is on relevant linguistic tools and internet resources and a modeled automated workstation to ensure the working process.

The subject of the research is University. The aim is to form a brief and detailed definitions of the concept "cognitive innovation University". The method is based on the categorical-system approach using the methods of traditional logic and the theory of dynamic information systems.

The article deals with the problems of definition of the concept of "University" and its types in the conditions of formation of the digital knowledge economy, due to the imperfection of the methodology. The article provides an overview of the most widely used definitions of the University. It is shown that in most concepts the essential characteristics of the University are empirical, so they are reflected non-systemically. The application of categorical-system methodology using the methods of traditional logic and the theory of dynamic information systems as a methodology for the study of cognitive innovation University is justified in this paper. On the basis of the triadic research method and methods of traditional logic, a brief definition of the concept of "cognitive innovative University" as an object of the socio-economic system is proposed. During the procedure of sequential two-level triadic decoding of the basic concept, leading to obtain an exhaustive definition of the desired concept, a detailed definition of the concept "cognitive-innovative University" was presented.

To maintain competitiveness, modern universities need to constantly look for ways to improve performance. One of these ways is digitalization of processes. The level of digitalization in Russian universities is very different. Universities seek to build these competencies and pool resources to increase competitiveness. However, there are still no common standards for connecting data and services, and this seriously hinders universities development. For digitalization, it is necessary to create a list of requirements for the services of the future information system. Research is an integral part of any university, so it is important to find ways of digitalization also for this activity. Services such as tracking current tasks, informing about standard procedures and cataloging scientific articles will simplify the work of the research department. It is also necessary to understand the purpose of implementation and what benefits digitalization of research processes can bring. As a result of creating an IT system that implements the services described in this article, the university discovers many opportunities for further development.

The article describes the longitude experiment on creating the communicatively orientated textbook on Russian speech culture. The problem of the majority of modern textbooks on speech culture is the lack of communication potential as they are usually based on texts from classical literature and that is why the language material is far from the professional needs of the university students (and especially the students of technical, mathematical and economical directions of education). The authors of the article conducted the linguistic researches in different language levels and proposed the principles of creating the textbook on speech culture with orientation on the professional needs of the university students. Then the principles were realized in the textbook "Russian Language and Speech Culture". The efficiency of the principles is affirmed during the experiment; students who studied the speech culture with the help of the textbook showed better results than the control groups. The textbook became one of the most popular manuals for practically orientated university students.

Over the last two decades, terms connected with efficient functioning emerged within the education paradigm. The scientific research is aimed at investigating the education community's resilience as a predictor of efficient educational system. Resilience may be defined as the power or ability to recover readily from adversity, stresses or the like to the original form or elasticity. The study included short theoretical analysis of different schools of thought, self-assessment of students and teachers abilities to discern and identify the constructs of resilience phenomenon. The survey sample included about 150 participants. The set of questionnaires the respondents were asked to complete consisted of three sections, including assessment, discerning the resilient behaviour and respondents' personal information. The empirical study findings included the description of the sample in terms of resilience level; correlation analysis identifying the relationships between factors stated and resilience subscales as well as among all variables; factor analysis reducing the number of variables and extracting principal factors associated with resilience, personal data. Comparison of the results of the three groups identified differences not only on the level of resilience, but also on the characteristics the research project participants endued with teachers and students.

Modem globalization of markets, transformation and renewal of the state education system, reinforcement of political and economic tension worldwide, increase the urgent character of strategic aspects in the university marketing activities management.

Marketing in the activity of any modern university involves targeting those priorities that will help the administration of the higher education institution measure its own competitive advantages and specify real opportunities for their growth.

Thus, we have to examine subjects and objects of educational services marketing (its constituent elements) in order to understand the essence of this business process.

It is customary to recognize all the subjects of the market as a marketing subject. The objects of educational services and products marketing include educational institutions, consumers, intermediaries and social entities involved in promotion of educational services in the market.

Students can be considered as consumers of educational services. Consumers influence the choice of a field of study, mode of study, place, time and source of funding. Therefore, marketing relationships are formed to satisfy consumers' need for educational services.

It is worth mentioning that one of the primary tasks in the management system is to promote educational services and inform potential consumers about the educational institution. This goal may be achieved by means of various communication methods.

Potential educational services consumers should be aware of the location of an educational institution, its specializations, term of apprenticeship and cost of training.

To attract potential customers, a variety of communication tools is used to influence both practical and emotional spheres of human nature.

The article defines the target setting of the marketing approach in the university management and proposes the concept of organizational support of management approach implementation in the field of university marketing environment.

The authors analyze the digital component in the Oriental studies in Russia in the context of key trends and parameters of the growing digitalization of the humanities. The analysis of digitalization in the Oriental studies in Russia is based on the observation of more than 30 Internet resources of the last 10 years. The methodological basis of the work is the analytical and systematic approach to the study using the methods of logical and causal analysis, as well as expert estimates and systematized data. The classification of electronic resources in the relevant field of scientific research is given. Internet resources with a relatively rich database of digitized materials have been analyzed. At the same time, the short period of activity of many Internet resources and the lack of their updating result in a decreased scientific value of these resources. Considering the digital component of the Russian Oriental studies, the development of digital materials complexes takes place, however the digital studies are not conducted. The array of information is fragmented and lacks systematization. The authors conclude that a generalizing system should be created that would activate the available resources and make them work for the development of science.

Scientometric data is now widely used in solving personnel issues, grants, and financing universities, as well as monitoring their activities. However, in the course of the study using a variety of theoretical and practical methods, it was found that the main scientometric indicators, such as the total number of publications, citation index, and Hirsch Index, even in the aggregate, can rarely give a relatively objective picture of the real scholarly contribution of a particular researcher or team. Therefore, the problem of expanding the list of basic scientometric indicators and the use of new scientometric instruments (as an example, the quartile index developed by the author) becomes more urgent than ever. It is necessary to abandon the indexing of "Collider publications," self-citations, and negative links and go from the calculation of single citations to the full accounting of all references to the author's work. In the era of digital technology it will not be difficult to implement at least some of such recommendations. After all, the more diverse the scientometric indicators are, the more fully and more accurately they will reflect the publication activity of an individual author, team, or university as a whole.

The given research is directed on the analysis of the scientist and volunteer's relations at realization of joint projects of the citizen science, which have recently been developed increasingly due to information-communication technologies introduction in the process. The authors conducted a substantial analysis of more than 200 projects; thus, special attention is paid to the projects presented on Zooniverse site. The site serves as the main base for the paper's authors since it is the world's largest and most popular platform for constructing communication of scientists and volunteers. The continuous research covers the period from May 24, 2019 to September 24, 2019, showing what changes occurred to the projects, specifying in speed of their ending, progress of the volunteers' involving, the most popular themes of research, etc. The authors generate the cloud of citizen science's objectives from scientists and volunteers, generalizing motivation and objectives of the given interaction. The perspective opportunities of the citizen science are noted, allowing solving not only research problems, but also the contemporary global problems.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the problem of digitalization of ed-ucation. Interrelations of digitalization of ecological education with noospheric essence of modern civilization and realization of the concept of sustainable development are established. Possibilities of use of developments of the Russian and foreign scientists and teachers are con-sidered. The importance and main directions of development of digitalization of environmental education are shown. Attention is drawn to the need for digitalization of environmental educa-tion in the preparation of not only environmental specialists, but also specialists in other areas of training. Digitalization of education should be aimed at the formation of eco-cultural compe-tencies. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the use of modern IT by various participants of the educational process. The studies were conducted by questionnaire method and allow to indicate the current directions of further development of digitalization of education, including environmental education.

Science popularization is a specific public activity of scientists, the purpose of which is education and self-realization. The article emphasizes the fact that this activity is self-organized in Russia, and the key role in its development is played by technical and technological improvement and the Internet. Media development contributes to the uncontrollable spread of pseudoscientific and unscientific theories as well as their criticism. The study is focused on the showization of science, which is presented to the public in the form of spectacle and entertainment. The forms of popularization of science in sociocultural practice begin to fulfill the function of intellectual leisure for the public. Popularization in the context of media development enables scientific knowledge to become public knowledge by means of publishing popular science literature, organizing online and offline lecture halls, web portals with scientific and educational content, which is evidence of the democratization of science in general and the activities of the scientist in particular. The activities of popularizers in modern Russia are consolidating, traditions are being developed, shaped by stable rituals, and recognizable authoritative "stars" are appearing. Thus, the popularization of science seems to be an ambiguous phenomenon of modern Russian culture, which reveals the features of a centralizing sociocultural institution.

Forensic dermatoglyphics describes the study of the features and characteristics of the prints and volar surfaces of the hands and feet, as well as the flexors, functional folds, and skin of the person as a whole. It also studies the traces of them found on various items during investigative and search activities in order to determine the character features and body specifics using genetic, national, and geographical traits. Serving as a background for this paper is the fact that in 2016 dermatoglyphics was deemed a pseudoscience. Due to this, it was decided to study the current problems of dermatoglyphics, particularly forensic dermatoglyphics, using proven methods of scientific research as the basis. These include the necessary differentiation of scientific knowledge in combination with its necessary integration with other sciences. At the same time, the method of deduction allowed us to draw conclusions about the unfoundedness of forensic dermatoglyphics as a field of science, at least in its current state. This paper relied on data obtained by various authors. However, forensic dermatoglyphic research is currently being carried out in small groups of test subjects which cannot be a reliable base for scientific statistics; it was concluded that further research focused on developing ways of using dermatoglyphic data in court and investigative practices can only be carried out on a significant empirical basis by creative teams which are made up of representatives of anthropology, doctors of various specialties, primarily, dermatologists, and criminal lawyers. Only this approach will help solve the question in the future about whether or not forensic dermatoglyphics can become a field of science.

Contemporary artists are tempted by the latest art digital technologies. Art analysts and practitioners (artists, exhibition curators and teachers at art educational institutions) form the problematic for this contemporary culture sector. A new generation of artists integrates into the global digital art system with varying intensity; to no small extent, it is affected by the traditions forming the basis for a school. To what extent is the art education system to enter the process of formation of advance digital art competences: that is the matter of the relations between the tradition and innovation within the education system. The article compares different sources that clarify the goals and means of solving the tasks set in modern artistic practice. When analyzing motivation to create a contemporary art piece, the artist's argumentation is of the same importance as the analysis of working programs of an artistic institution. This issue is analyzed based on the graduation project implemented by the Stieglitz Academy at St. Petersburg. The traditional theme of the Nativity performance combined with the setting created by computer technology allows the artist to implement their artistic plans by the means of modern digital technologies. The specific task of organizing the space for the traditional Nativity scene is solved by the means of digital printing; sketches are made in the computer editor program. A work of art merging the tradition and innovation refers to the so-called fundamental "tradigital" art that generally determines the boundaries of their possible interaction.

Currently, a difficult stage of institutionalization of self-employment in the Russian economy is taking place. The authors conducted a study of the ways of legalizing the self-employed in conditions of the development of digital technologies and assessed its role in innovative development. Self-employment, according to the authors, acts as a way of adaptation of employed and unemployed to changing socio-technical systems in the labor market. Using historical, statistical and regulatory analysis, the authors investigated the problem of determining self-employment and ways to legalize it in Russia and other countries. The article explores the relationship between its distribution and innovative development by means of the analysis of legislation regulating self-employment in different countries. Using the analysis of official statistics, the article reveals a tendency towards an increase in the number of citizens wishing to legalize their self-employment status. The article studies the legislative pilot related to the legalization of self-employment in Russia, assesses the prospects for the expansion of this pilot in terms of the appropriateness of the proposed measures. According to the professional structure, based on statistical data and expert estimates, a low proportion of people receiving professional income from intellectual work was identified and the causes of this phenomenon were determined.

IOP Publishing Limited ("IOPP") is retracting this paper following an investigation which resulted from a reader complaint. The paper makes a number of unsubstantiated claims and, in the opinion of IOPP, lacks scientific rigour, clarity and objectivity. Although the paper was subject to peer review via the conference organisers, unfortunately these issues were not identified on this occasion. IOPP also has concerns regarding the discriminatory tone and sentiment of the paper, which are not appropriate in a scientific journal.

IOPP expresses its thanks to the readers and independent advisors who have shared their thoughts regarding this paper during the course of the investigation.

Retraction published: 25 June 2021

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following a notification by the authors that this article should not have reached publication because of its substantial replication without citation of an earlier work in Russian language by Krasyuk Irina Anatolyevna and Nazarova Elmira Alyarovna, (2019), 'Marketing technologies in the organization of retail business processes', Practical Marketing, No. 07 (269), p.10-16, https://www.bci-marketing.ru/soderzhaniya-zhurnalov/07-269-2019. Consequently, this paper has been retracted by IOP Publishing. The authors apologise and claim this is a result of technical error when submitting the manuscript. The authors agree to this retraction.

Retraction published: 01 December 2021